Equipment Detail

Sketch of connection with

fatigue crack and stress
Vconsidered
Description of Type of connection
Detail
category
'V
R
Comments
Plate edges punched or machine-cut by means of a
thermal cutting process. The cutting surface is free
of cracks and notches. Cutting edges are chamfered
or rounded.
140
(m
0
= 4)
1.1 Openings
uniaxially loaded
a
l
r
V
x
bzw.
y x
V V !!
Plate edges which are not meeting the above
mentioned requirements, but are free from cracks
and sharp notches.
Machine cut or punched:
Manually cut:
125
(m
0
= 3,5)
100
(m
0
= 3,5)
Stress concentrations caused by the
opening to be considered as follows
t R Rperm
N t
K bzw
K
V V
V V
' d '
' '
.
max
K
t
: Notch factor according to GL
Section 3
'V
N
: Nominal stress range related to
net section
alternatively direct determination of
'V
max
from FE-calculation, especially
in case of multiple arrangement of
openings
Plate edges punched or machine-cut by means of a
thermal cutting process. The cutting surface is free
of cracks and notches. Cutting edges are
chamferred or rounded.
140
(m
0
= 4)
1.2 Openings biaxially loaded
a
l
r
V
x
V
y
y x
V V |
Plate edges which are not meeting the above
mentioned requirements, but are free from cracks
and sharp notches.
Machine cut or punched:
Manually cut:
125
(m
0
= 3,5)
100
(m
0
= 3,5)
Stress concentrations caused by the
opening to be considered as follows
N t
K V V ' '
max
K
t
: Notch factor according to Fig. 2
'V
N
: Nominal stress range related to
net section
alternatively direct determination of
'V
max
from FE-calculation, especially
in case of multiple arrangement of
openings
Equipment detail
Sketch of type of connection
with fatigue crack and stress
o considered
Description of type of connection
Detail
category
Ao
R
Comments
Plate edges punched or machine-cut by means of a
thermal cutting process. The cutting surface is free
of cracks and notches. Cutting edges are
chamferred or rounded.
140
(m
0
= 4)
1.3 Openings shear-loaded
a
l
r
Plate edges which are not meeting the above
mentioned requirements, but are free from cracks
and sharp notches.
Machine cut or punched:
Manually cut:
125
(m
0
= 3,5)
100
(m
0
= 3,5)
Stress concentrations caused by the
opening to be considered as follows
N t
K o o A = A
max
K
t
: Notch factor according to Fig. 3
Ao
N
: Nominal stress range related to
net section
alternatively direct determination of
Ao
max
from FE-calculation, especially
in case of multiple arrangement of
openings
1.4 Pipe penetration
Pipe penetrating a plate with circumferential fillet
weld
d s 50 mm
d > 50 mm
Note:
In case of large diameters an assessment based on
local stresses is recommended..
71
63
1.5 Drain plugs
t
D
t
Drain plugs according to DIN 87721-1
(Diameter about 190 mm)
t
D
s 0,8 t
0,8 t < t
D
s 1,5 t
t
D
> 1,5 t
63
56
50
Assessment corresponding to doubling
plate
Equipment detail
Sketch of type of connection
with fatigue crack and stress
o considered
Description of type of connection
Detail
category
Ao
R
Comments
2.1 Holder in unsupported
plate panel
arranged parallel to main load
Stiffener welded to a plate in loading direction

" s 50 mm
50 mm < " s 150 mm
150 mm < " s 300 mm
" > 300 mm
80
71
63
56
For t
2
< 0.7 * t
2
Ao
R
can be upgraded
by one category, however not beyond
80
2.2 Holder in unsupported
plate panel
arranged transverse to main load
Stiffener welded to a plate transverse to load
direction (valid for short and long stiffeners)
80
Fillet weld to plate panel loaded in bending Assessment in individual cases by
means of hot spot stress concept with
Ao
SR
= 90
2.3 Holder in unsupported
plate panel with or without
doubling plate
F
2
F
1
(2)
(1)
Application of a doubling plate can be necessary depending on the local stiffness resulting from the dimensions of plate panel, holder
and doubling plate and from the position of the holder within the plate panel.
Example: Holder 60 mm 15 mm, position of the holder in the center of the plate panel
Permissible acceleration forces F
2
in [N] for 1 m lever arm, (F
1
= 0)
Variant Plate panel 1800 mm 600 mm with t = Location of
10 mm 15 mm 20 mm crack initiation
without doubler 1090 N 2680 N 5340 N plate to holder
1940 N 4400 N 8000 N plate to doubler (1) with doubler
C = 100 mm
t = 10 mm
2000 N 2120 N 2150 N doubler to holder (2)
While the permissible force for a 10 mm thick plate panel is increased by a factor of about 2 if a doubling is fitted, the permissible force
for a 20 mm thick plate panel is by a factor of about 2,5 higher for the holder without doubling plate.
Equipment detail
Sketch of type of connection
with fatigue crack and stress
o considered
Description of type of connection
Detail
category
Ao
R
Comments
2.4 Holder at stiffener
Alternative 1
1
0
Unloaded overlapped plate fillet welded to
longitudinally loaded structural member
at flat bulb steel or flat bar
at angle bar
56
50
incomplete circumferential weld to be
applied in dry spaces only.
For " > 150 mm Ao
R
to be
downgraded by one category, for
" s 50 mm Ao
R
can be upgraded by
one category.
For structural members loaded in
bending Ao
R
to be downgraded by one
category
2.5 Holder at stiffener
Alternative 2
Plate welded to an edge of a plate or girder flange
" s 50 mm
50 mm < " s 150 mm
150 mm < " s 300 mm
" > 300 mm
56
50
45
40
For t
2
s 0,7 * t
1
Ao
R
can be upgraded
by one category, however not beyond
56.
For plates or girder flanges loaded in
in-plane bending Ao
R
to be
downgraded by one category
2.6 Holder at stiffener
Alternative 3
Stiffener welded to a plate in load direction
" s 50 mm
50 mm < " s 150 mm
150 mm < " s 300 mm
" > 300 mm
80
71
63
56
Holder to be arranged in neutral axis
of stiffener if possible.
For t
2
< 0.7 * t
1
Ao
R
can be upgraded
by one category, however not beyond
80
Equpment detail
Sketch of type of connection
with fatigue crack and stress
o considered
Description of type of connection
Detail-
category
Ao
R
Comments
2.7 Holder at stiffener
Alternative 4
Fillet-welded stiffener transverse to loading
direction (valid for short and long stiffeners)
80
The detail category is also valid for not
fully circumferential welded holders
(see 2.4)
For stiffeners loaded in bending Ao
R
to be downgraded by one category
2.8Holder at cut-out or opening
Holder welded in way of an opening and arranged
parallel to the edge of the opening.
" s 150 mm
not valid for hatch corners
71
In way of the rounded corner of an
opening with the radius r a minimum
distance x from the edge to be kept
(hatched area):
x |mm| = 15 + 0.175 * r |mm|
100 mm < r < 400 mm
In case of an elliptical rounding the
mean value of both semiaxes to be
applied
2.9 Doubler plate for holder in
unsupported plate panel
Circular doubler plate with max. 150 mm diameter.
t
D
s 0,8 t
0,8 t < t
D
s 1,5 t
t
D
> 1,5 t
71
63
56
Equipment detail
Sketch of type of connection
with fatigue crack and stress
o considered
Description of type of connection
Detail-
category
Ao
R
Comments
3.1 Rail stanchions
arranged parallel to the main
loading direction
Stiffener welded to a plate in loading direction
" s 50 mm
50 mm < " s 150 mm
80
71
For t
2
< 0.7 * t
1
Ao
R
can be upgraded
by one category, however not beyond
80
3.2 Rail stanchions
arranged transverse to the main
loading direction
Stiffener welded to a plate transverse to the loading
direction
80
3.3 Bollard
Fillet-welded stiffener transverse to the loading
direction (valid for short and long stiffeners)
80
The sketch shows the connection of a
bollard to a deck. The main stress is
approximately directed perpendicular
towards the bollard wall for all angles
4.1 Foundations
Ends of girders parallel to main
loading direction
Stiffener welded to a plate in loading direction
150 mm < " s 300 mm
" > 300 mm
56
50
For t
2
< 0.7 * t
1
Ao
R
can be upgraded
by one category.
4.2
Founda-
tions
For girders
tranverse to
main loading
direction
Fillet-welded stiffener transverse to the loading
direction (valid for short and long stiffeners)
80
Equipment detail
Sketch of connection with
fatigue crack and stress
o considered
Description of type of connection
Detail-
category
Ao
R
Comments
4.3 Small hatches
Assessment of weld toe at deck
in the corner of the coaming
Stiffener welded to a plate in loading direction
" > 300 mm
56
For t
2
< 0.7 * t
1
Ao
R
can be upgraded
by one category.
Assessment of the opening edges by
means of a direct determination of the
notch factor only
4.4 Container foundations
Assessment of girder end parallel
to main loading direction
"
Stiffener welded to a plate in loading direction
" s 150 mm
150 mm < " s 300 mm
" > 300 mm
71
63
56
For t
2
< 0.7 * t
1
Ao
R
can be upgraded
by one category.
5.1 Hatch cover bearings (pads)
Assessment with regard to
loading of ship structure
End of a long doubling plate at the flange of a
girder
t
D
s 0,8 t
0,8 t < t
D
s 1,5 t
t
D
> 1,5 t
56
50
45
Ao
R
may be upgraded by one category:
reinforced end weld
weld angle s 30
connection length s 150 mm
5.2 Hatch cover bearings (pads)
Assessment with regard to
container loads
Load-carrying fillet weld
Assessment in individual cases by
means of hot-spot concept with
Ao
SR
= 90
Equipment detail
Sketch of connection with
fatigue crack and stress
o considered
Description of type of connection
Detail-
category
Ao
R
Comments
o
2
o
1
Stiffener arranged transverse to main loading
direction o
2
s 0,4 o
1
Assessment to be based on o
1
only
80
Required throat thickness a of fillet
welds related to weld penetration
depth e
74 , 0
min
8 , 2 1 82 , 0 |
.
|

\
|
=
t
e
t a
t: Thickness of locking device.
Otherwise assessment as cruciform
joint
5.3 Hatch cover locking device
Arranged transverse to main
loading direction
o
2
o
1
Biaxially loaded fillet welded cruciform joint,
failure from the weld root.
Reference stress to be determined for the weld
section.
Assessment to be based on o
2
only
30
5.4 Hatch cover guide
Detail welded to girder flange, bulb or plate with
soft transition (tapered end or radius); c s 2 t
2
,
max. 25 mm
r > 0,5 h
r < 0,5 h or m s 20
m > 20 as stiffener in load direction
For t
2
s 0,5 t
1
Ao
R
may be increased by one
category (not valid for section bulbs).
71
63
Assessment of unsupported hatch
cover guide corner see 4.4.
Fig.1: Lowest permissible detail categories in the midship section of a container vessel
11 11
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
r/a



K
t
a
l
r
l/a=4
l/a=1
l/a=2
o
y
o
x
o
x
= o
y
Fig.2: Notch factors K
t
for rounded rectangular openings under biaxial load
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
r/a


K
t
l/a=4
l/a=1
l/a=2
a
l
r
Fig.3: Notch factors K
t
for rounded rectangular openings under shear load