Review of related studies:

Cockroaches live in a wide range of environments around the world. Pest species of cockroaches adapt readily to a variety of environments, but prefer warm conditions found within buildings. Many tropical species prefer even warmer environments and do not fare well in the average household. The spines on the legs were earlier considered to be sensory, but observations of their locomotion on sand and wire meshes have demonstrated that they help in locomotion on difficult terrain. The structures have been used as inspiration for robotic legs. Cockroaches leave chemical trails in their feces as well as emitting airborne pheromones for swarming and mating. These chemical trails transmit bacteria on surfaces.Other cockroaches will follow these trails to discover sources of food and water, and also discover where other cockroaches are hiding. Thus, cockroaches can exhibit emergent behavior, in which group or swarm behavior emerges from a simple set of individual interactions. Research has shown that group-based decision-making is responsible for complex behavior such as resource allocation. In a study where 50 cockroaches were placed in a dish with three shelters with a capacity for 40 insects in each, the insects arranged themselves in two shelters with 25 insects in each, leaving the third shelter empty. When the capacity of the shelters was increased to more than 50 insects per shelter, all of the cockroaches arranged themselves in one shelter. Researchers found a balance between cooperation and competition exists in the group decision-making behavior found in cockroaches. The models used in this research can also explain the group dynamics of other insects and animals. Cockroaches are mainly nocturnal and will run away when exposed to light. A peculiar exception is the Asian cockroach, which is attracted to light. Another study tested the hypothesis that cockroaches use just two pieces of information to decide where to go under those conditions: how dark it is and how many other cockroaches there are. The study conducted by Jos Halloy and colleagues at the Free University of Brussels and other European institutions created a set of tiny robots that appear to the roaches as other roaches and can thus alter the roaches' perception of critical mass. The robots were also specially scented so that they would be accepted by the real roaches.Additionally, researchers at Tohoku University engaged in a classical conditioning experiment with cockroaches and discovered that the insects were able to associate the scent of vanilla and peppermint with a sugar treat. Female cockroaches are sometimes seen carrying egg cases on the end of their abdomen; the egg case of the German cockroach holds about 30 to 40 long, thin eggs, packed like frankfurters in the case called an ootheca. The eggs hatch from the combined pressure of the hatchlings gulping air. The hatchlings are initially bright white nymphs and continue inflating themselves with air, becoming harder and darker within about four hours. Their transient white stage while hatching and later while molting has led many to claim the existence of albino cockroaches. A female German cockroach carries an egg capsule containing around 40 eggs. She drops the capsule prior to hatching, though live births do occur in rare instances. Development from eggs to adults takes 3 to 4 months. Cockroaches live up to a year. The female may produce up to eight egg cases in a lifetime; in favorable conditions, she can produce 300 to 400 offspring.( http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/05553.html)

Review of related literature:

Cockroaches are now dominant,they are almost everywhere that they invade houses,schools and other public places.And these days,you should think of a solution with the lowest and the easiest resource in our community This is why we decided to create a new breakthrough in our community,the spray form of the nature-loving ingredient the Lemon Grass Oil(Cymbopogon citratus) Lemongrass is a tall plant native to the tropics. The stalks contain the same type of oil that is found in lemon peel and has a similar scent. This oil is commonly known as the basic ingredient found in citronella candles, according to the Epicentre Encyclopedia of Spices. Organic Impact suggests growing your own lemongrass and making an extract from it that you can spray on your skin. An easy way to extract the oil from the plants is to cut the lemongrass into small pieces and soak it in water for a few hours, using 2 cups water for every cup of lemongrass. While on the other hand the pests that we will kill carry disease-causing organisms that results into major outbreaks in the world.We,as an enthusiast to help our world clean make this solution.Cockroaches are hemimetabolous insects. This means that they undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Cockroaches have an egg stage, several nymph stages,and an adult stage. The insect's hard exoskeleton makes it difficult for the insect to grow. This is because the exoskeleton can't get larger. Insects must molt in order to grow. Molting is the process where an insect sheds it outer skeleton. The insect emerges from the old skin, and a new, larger exoskeleton develops. Cockroaches like other arthropods have compound eyes. Compound eyes have many lenses for each eye and human eyes have a single lens for each eye. The compound eye is excellent at detecting motion. Therefore, insects respond better to moving objects than to stationary ones. Cockroaches are ancient and highly successful insects. They have been on Earth for at least 350 million years! Their closest relatives are believed to be the mantids. Like all insects, cockroaches have three body parts: a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. Cockroaches have three pairs of legs. The legs, which are adapted for walking and running, are attached to the thorax. In the adults, the wings are also attached at the thorax. And this is the solution we planned to do to help our community develop in a natural way and we our confident that this will be successful.
( http://www.totallybuggin.com/site/1586384/page/841842)

Background of the study:

Tanglad or lemon grass is a commercially-viable plant that is cultivated mainly for the fragrance that it produces. It can be easily found in most Asian countries, and is widely cultivated in tropical areas. By nature, tanglad is a permanent or perennial plant, and the benefits of which are not restricted to its fragrance. The utility of tanglad basically lies in its leaves, where all the benefits are derived. What can be seen of this plant are mainly its leaves, which allows easy access to the main part that is needed in order to enjoy tanglad's health benefits. It constitutes most of what appears of this plant above ground, as the leaves grow up to one meter in length, and are flat in shape. Lemongrass herb is a very popular plant found commonly in India and used for medicinal, food and mosquito and insect repellent products. The lemongrass oils are also used in cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dyes and odorizes along with thousands of other products. There are many different and related types of lemongrass, all belonging to the grass family, Poaceae. East Indian and West Indian lemon grass are popular names for Cymbopogon flexuous and Cymbopogon citratus. Lemon grass is an evergreen, native to Southeast Asia, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Australia. Another type of lemongrass also used in insect repellents comes from Malaysia. The thin stems and foliage of lemon grass ranges from blue-green to gold, and the flowers are white, cream, or green. Lemongrass grows to around 8 feet in height in some cases with the majority of species tapering off at 4 feet. On the other hand ,this is the anatomy of a cockroach The most notable part of the cockroach anatomy is the skeleton. Unlike humans, the cockroach skeleton is on the outside if its body. The cockroach can actually outgrow his skeleton, at which time he molts, or sheds the outgrown skeleton, often referred to as a shell. While the skeleton is not all that impressive to some, most would be impressed by the compound eyes on the cockroach.This compound vision is made possible by more than 2,000 individual lenses. When you consider that the human eye has just one lens, the cockroach eye becomes quite remarkable. While the cockroach can see very well, it's worth noting that a cockroach cannot see in red light! The cockroach has six legs, all of which are primed for an extra sensory organ. There are little hairs on the legs of each cockroach that allow him or her to have a very extra sensitive touch. The legs work in conjunction with the antennae, actually. The antennae give the roach an extra sense of smell so that they cannot only find great places to live and feed, but also find other cockroaches. Male cockroaches actually have specially adapted antennae that allow them to sniff out a female. If you've ever seen the two little hairs on the rear portion of a cockroach, you've actually been checking out his or her cerci. The cerci are sort of like a warning system or motion detector for the cockroach, so that nothing can sneak up on the roach. Even a slight breeze or someone or something moving ever so slightly will warn the cockroach to run away and hide. The mouth of a roach is quite remarkable, as well. The mouth of a cockroach cannot only taste, it can smell as well! The cockroach mouth is different than a human mouth as well because the roach chews in a side-to-side motion instead of an up and down. The salivary glands work along with the mouth, creating spit to aid in the breaking down of food.
(http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/05553.html)

Department of Science and Technology Region IV-A CALABARZON Division of Cavite TANZA NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL Paradahan I,Tanza,Cavite

The Potentiality of Lemon Grass(Cymbopogon citratus) Oil As a Repellant to the Mortality of Cockroaches(Periplaneta americana)

Group IV-Galileo Galilei Leader:Elton John A. Boholst Members: *Bryan Jay San Buenaventura *Carl Joshua Arcegono *Marvin Canete *Rizal David Andaya *Gardo Pelayo *John Lorenz Sevilla *John Vincent Dela Cruz *Ace Joseph Villalobos

Methodology:
Procedures in making the cage: 1.Prepare 60 pcs.of 25 cm.Bamboo sticks,1/4 kilo iron nails and 3 yards chicken wire. 2.Make a cube-shaped cage using bamboo sticks. 3.Connect them with iron nails and continue steps 1-2 until 5 cube-shaped are created. 4.Cover it with chicken wire.Make sure the specimens are wont be able to escape. Procedures In Making The Spray: 1.Prepare 5 pcs.of spray gun,a well-known insect repellant spray,2 kgs. Of fresh lemon grass tanglad(Cymbopogon citratus),mortar and pestle and iron strainer. 2.Grind the fresh leaves of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) until the oil comes out. 3.Strain it using the iron strainer. 4. Transfer the mixture of 25% lemon grass oil and 75%artificial insect repellant to the 1st spray gun. 5. Transfer the mixture of 75%lemon grass oil and 25% artificial insect repellant to the 2nd spray gun. 6. Transfer the mixture of 50% lemon grass oil and 50% artificial insect repellant to the 3rd spary gun. 7. Transfer the pure lemon grass oil to the the 4th spray gun. 8. Transfer the pure artificial insect repellant to the 5th spray gun.