so ikau mMdw AwKIAY

(gurmiq iv`c iesqRI dw sQwn)

guurbcn isMG is`DU AYm.ey.

pRkwSk:

gurU nwnk cYrItybl tr`st (rij.) mu`lWpur dwKw mMfI

izlHw luiDAwxw, pMjwb, Bwrq
tYlIPon : 0161-2881001
website : www.gurmatbhawan.org
email : info@gurmatbhawan.org
gurmat_bhawan@sify.com

so ikau mMdw AwKIAY

qqkrw
ISBN 1 902122 00 3

do Sbd myry vloN

kWf 1
sMswr dy ieiqhws iv`c nwrI dw sQwn

kWf 2

guurbcn isMG is`DU AYm.ey.

ieslwm Drm iv`c iesqRI dw sQwn

kWf 3
eIsweI qy XhUdI Drm iv`c iesqRI dw sQwn

17

3.1

XhUdI Drm:

18

3.2

eIsweI Drm:

22

pihlI vwr (AMgryzI iv`c) : 2006 (1000 kwpIAW)

dUjI vwr (pMjwbI iv`c)

: 2009 (2000 kwpIAW)

kWf 4
ihMdU, bu`D Aqy jYn DrmW iv`c nwrIAW dw sQwn

pRkwSk:

gurU nwnk cYrItybl tr`st (rij.) mu`lWpur dwKw mMfI

izlHw luiDAwxw, pMjwb, Bwrq
tYlIPon : 0161-2881001
website : www.gurmatbhawan.org
email : info@gurmatbhawan.org
gurmat_bhawan@sify.com

28

4.1

vydk kwl

28

4.2

au~qr-vydk kwl

30

4.3

m`DkwlIn smW

40

4.4

ADuink kwl

41

4.5

dyv dwsIAW

42

4.6

bu`D Drm

44

4.7

is`D nwQ

47

4.8

jYYn Drm

49

4.9

SYv Aqy vYSnv Drm

4.10 pMjwb au~pr ihMdU Drm dw pRBwv

50

6.3

p`CmI smwj dI Awcrxk A`DogqI

89

51

6.4

ie`zq AwbrU leI kIqy kql

90

kWf 5

kWf 7

is`K Drm Aqy is`K ieiqhws

is`K nwrIAW dw Xogdwn

iv`c nwrI dw sQwn

93

55

7.1

is`K ieiqhws iv`c nwrIAW

93

7.2

rwjnIqI iv`c is`K nwrIAW

97

5.1

smyN dI nwrI nYiqkqw

55

5.2

is`K gurU swihbwn dI dyx

56

5.3

pirvwrk jIvn

61

kWf 8

5.4

ilMg Bog iqAwg (bRhmcrX)

66

AiDAwqmvwdI is`K iesqRIAW

5.5

prdw

67

8.1

bIbI nwnkI

99

5.6

sqI

69

8.2

mwqw KIvI

100

5.7

sUqk pwqk

69

8.3

bIbI Amro

100

5.8

Awqimk / smwijk Byd-Bwv

70

8.4

bIbI BwnI jI

101

5.9

ividAw iv`c ivqkrw

72

8.5

bIbI vIro jI

103

5.10 nwrIAW nwl duSkrm/ nwrI surKSw

73

8.6

mwqw swihb kOr

103

5.11 ivDvw ivAwh

75

8.7

mwqw gujrI jI

105

5.12 suqMqr rwey Aqy PYsly dw h`k

75

8.8

mwqw suMdrI

107

5.13 kuVI-Gwq

76

8.9

mweI B`tI

109

5.14 dyv dwsIAW

78

8.10 mweI BwgBrI

109

5.15 vrq (Feast)

78

8.11 bIbI rwj kOr

110

5.16 ADInqw-mukq nwrI

79

8.12 bIbI rUp kOr

110

8.13 bIbI pRDwn kOr

111

8.14 bIbI Bwn kOr CInIvwl

112

81

8.15 mIr mMnU dy zulm (1748-1753)

113

8.16 mwlvy iv`c qsIhw kyNdr

116

kWf 6
p`Cm qy ie`k pMCIJwq
6.1

p`CmI ivAwh

84

6.2

p`CmI dySW iv`c qlwk

87

99

kWf 9

kWf 11

nIqIvwn qy sUrvIr is`K iesqRIAW

118

AigAwnqw

157

9.1

mhwrwxI P`qo

120

11.1 ihMdU Drm dw pRBwv

158

9.2

bIbI rwijMdr kOr

121

11.2 iv`idAw dI Gwt

163

9.3

bIbI swihb kOr

122

11.3 kwnMUn iv`c brwbrI

167

9.4

mweI Bwgo (Bwg kOr)

128

11.4 vrqmwn ruJwn

167

9.5

bIbI Srn kOr 1

130

11.5 pirvrqn dI hvw

169

9.6

bIbI Srn kOr 2

131

9.7

bIbI dIp kOr

132

Appendix

172

9.8

bIbI Drm kOr

132

9.9

bIbI mwn kOr

133

9.10 mwqw ikSn kOr

134

9.11 bIbI mwn kOr (rwmyAwxw) Aqy bIbI blbIr kOr

137

9.12 sdw kOr (1762-1823)

138

9.13 mhwrwxI ijMd kOr

139

9.14 AwzwdI leI sMGrS

143

kWf 10
ivAwh Aqy qlwk

145

10.1 is`K gurU swihbwn dw smW

145

10.2 gurU swihbwn qoN ip`CoN

147

10.3 ivvsiQq ivAwh (Arranged Marriages)

149

10.4 is`K Drm Aqy ihMsw

150

10.5 AwdrS ivAwh

150

10.6 qlwk

151

10.7 grBpwq

154

10.8 dwj dhyz

155

do Sbd myry vloN

pusqk bwry rwvW

eynI vDIAw pusqk ilKx leI bhuq bhuq mubwrk[ mYnUM ies

1967-68 iv`c mYN nOitMGm sW jd pihlI vwr mYnUM sipnozw (Spinoza)

pusqk dy swry hI cYptr byh`d idlcsp l`gy hn[ I have immensely

enjoyed it. Aws hY pwTk vI auqnI hI rucI nwl gRihx krngy] ieh ie`k

dIAW ilKqW pVHx dw mOkw imilAw [ BwvyN isDWqk p`KoN sipnozw dy swry

durl`B pusqk is`D hovygI[ aumId hY qusIN iesy qrHW ilKdy rhogy[

kIl ilAw sgoN jy ieh khW ik aus ny mYnMU bdl hI id`qw qW vDyry shI hovygw

iv`cwr mYnUM nw jcy pr aus dI lyKxI iv`c jo qrk sI aus ny mYnMU pUrI qrHW
[ myrI rucI aus dIAW ilKqW ny pUrI qrHW Drm v`l moV id`qI [ ienHW hI idnW

ipAwr qy siqkwr sihq,

kYlwS purI
lMfn ]
is`DU swihb ny h`QlI pusqk iv`c mrd pRDwn smwj dIAW vDIkIAW,
byinXmIAW Aqy D`ikAW nUM ibAwn krky iesqRI leI ipAwr qy siqkwr dw

iv`c ieMglYNf dy pRis`D A^bwr d tweImz (The Times) iv`c is`K

iesqRIAW bwry ie`k lMmw swrw lyK C`ipAw ijs nUM pVH ky pRqIq hoieAw ik
ilKwrI p`K-pwqI sI Aqy is`K iesqRIAW Aqy is`K Drm bwry Zlq
jwxkwrI dy irhw sI [ i^Awl AwieAw ik A^bwr nUM shI jwxkwrI ilK

pRdrSn kIqw hY Aqy ieiqhwis`k qQw imQhwis`k pRIpyK iv`c is`K Drm
duAwrw inpjy iesqRI dy rol nUM cMgI qrW auGwiVAw hY [ iksy ivrly lyKk

ky ByjI jwvy [ swrI rwq iesy kMm iv`c lw id`qI Aqy idn cVHdy nwl hI lyK

dI klm hI kdy kdy iesqRI dy p`K iv`c ilKdI hY [ lyKk dw i^Awl hY

ik is`K iesqRI p`CmI ADuinkqw dI ckwcOND Aqy ihMdU Drm dy pRBwv

ies nUM Cwpygw vI ? aus qoN pihlW qW mYN kdI A^bwrW iv`c Cpx leI ku`J

ADIn iQVk rhI hY ijs pKoN kOm dy muhwixAW nUM sMvydnSIl hox dI loV
hY [ lyKk ies g`l v`l vI Jwq pvwauNdw hY ik AMRrzwqI ivAwh, punr-

A^bwr sI [ iv`cwr AwieAw ik AYvyN gu`sy iv`c hI idl dy Zubwr k`F ley

ivvwh, grB-pwq, kloinMg Aqy qlwk vrgy iviSAw bwry Dwrimk

ivAkqIAW vloN spSt AwdySW dI Gwt hY [ myrw i^Awl hY ik gurbwxI dy

i^Awl AwieAw ik kIqI imhnq brbwd krn dI QW ikauN nw ieh lyK is`K

sMDrB iv`c is`KI is`iKAw gur vIcwr Aqy gurmuK Sbd vIcwr s`c
kmwieAw Anuswr aupRokq smisAwvW dy h`l Awpy hI cyqn soc iv`coN

(ijs nUM AsIN mnjIq kOr ikhw krdy sW) nUM Byj id`qw jo aus vyly `is`K

au~Br Awauxgy jd is`K bIbIAW inSTw nwl gurmq Dwrn kr lYxgIAW[

id`qw,ies dI ^Ub pRSMSW vI kIqI Aqy mYnMU ilK ByijAw ik mYN hr prcy iv`c

smu`cy rUp iv`c ieh pusqk iesqRIAW pRqI skwrAwqimk idRStIkox

iesy qrHW dw ie`k lyK ilK ky ByijAw krW [ hor lyK Byjdw irhw jo Cpdy

Apxwaux iv`c shwie`k hox leI ie`k mIl p`Qr is`D hovygI[ ieh myrw
idRVH ivSvwS hY ]
prmjIq kOr,
irtwierf vweIs ipRMsIpl, jI AYc jI hir pRkwS kwlj isDvW Kurd (luiDAwxw)

iqAwr sI pRMqU hux i^Awl Awaux l`gw ik lyK qW ilK mwirAw kI A^bwr
iliKAw hI nhIN sI Aqy ieh A^bwr vI ieMgLYNf dw ie`k bhuq pRiqSTq
clo hux ies nUM r`dI dI tokrI dw iSMgwr bxw id`qw jwvy[ Agly hI pl
rswly d is`K korIAr nUM Byj id`qw jwvy [ mYN auh lyK imsz vwielm
korIAr dI sMpwdk huMdI sI [ aus ny auh lyK Agly hI prcy iv`c Cwp

rhy Aqy Drm vwly pwsy rucI auqpn huMdI geI, AiDAn vDdw igAw[
aupRokq Gtnw ny mYnMU ku`J ies qrHW JMjoV id`qw ik mYN ieMglYNf iv`c is`K
Drm dw shI pRcwr krn dw p`kw ierwdw hI bxw ilAw [ jnvrI 1968 iv`c
myrI positMg gRyvzYNf (kYNt) Sihr ivKy ho geI qW mYN ku`J mhIinAW bwAd

gurU nwnk swihb dy 500 swlw pRkwS idvs qy is`K imSnrI soswietI dI

dyx qW jo AglI vwr jdoN ieh pusqk Cpy qW ies iv`c vDyrI jwxkwrI

buinAwd r`K id`qI[ inSwnw sI is`K Drm dw shI igAwn dyxw Aqy p`K-

id`qI jw sky Aqy ies dy nuks dUr kIqy jw skx[

pwqI ilKwrIAW dy pwj auGyVnw[ hor pusqkW dy nwl nwl ieh lyK vI

gurbcn isMG is`DU

ieMtrnYSnl ivmnz fy ( International day of women)1 qy ie`k pYNPlYt

noitMGm

dy qOr qy Cpvw ky vMf id`qw igAw [ ies nUM ^Ub psMd kIqw igAw Aqy ieh
bwr bwr Cpdw irhw [ keI swlW bwAd ies ivSy qy hor smgrI vI ie`k`qr
ho geI qW mYN ies nUM ie`k ikqwb dI Skl dy id`qI jo Awp dy h`QW iv`c hY[

15.4.2009
not:-

mYN smJdw hW ik BwrqI smwj vWg pMjwbI smwj iv`c vI mrdW dI hI

ies pusqk iv`c Bgvq gIqw dy hvwly gIqw pRYs gorKpur vloN CwpI Bgvq

srdwrI clI AweI hY ijs krky AOrqW nUM auh sQwn nhIN imilAw ijs

gIqw dy Anuvwd ivcoN ley gey hn [ ikDry ikDry AMgRyzI Anuvwd vI gIqw

dIAW auh h`kdwr sn Aqy jo gurU nwnk swihb ny aunHW nUM b^iSAw sI [ auNJ

pRYs vwlw hI r`K ilAw igAw hY [

BwvyN ieh kih id`qw jWdw hY ik hr mrd dI kwmXwbI ip`Cy koeI AOrq huMdI
hY pr ieh g`l idloN kdy vI pRvwx nhIN kIqI geI [ jo smwj zbwnI klwmI
hI ausqq dy puL bMnHdw hY Aqy Aml iv`c ip`Cy huMdw hY aus dI auMnqI rukI
rihMdI hY [ jy kr iksy smwj dIAW znwnIAW pVHIAW ilKIAW smJdwr Aqy
igAwvwn hox qW auh aus smwj dI AglI pIVHI nUM aunMqI dI is`Kr q`k
phuMcw idMdIAW hn [ iesy leI ikhw jWdw hY ik ie`k lVkI pVHw id`qI qW
smJo swrw pirvwr hI pVHw id`qw[ pr is`K smwj ny bIbIAW nUM hux q`k
ividAw iv`c vI bhuq ip`Cy r`iKAw hY[
ieh pusqk 2005 iv`c AMgRyzI iv`c ilKI geI sI [ h`QlI pusqk ausy
dw pMjwbI Anuvwd hY [ ies pusqk iv`c mYN sMswr p`Dr qy iesqRIAW bwry
ku`J iv`cwr dy id`qy hn pr izAwdw krky sMswr dy v`Ko v`Kry DrmW iv`c
iesqrI dy sQwn nUM sMKyp qOr qy iciqRAw hY [ myrw i^Awl hY ik Drm smwj
dI fMgorI hY [ Drm dw igAwn smwj suDwr dI nINh bx skdw hY [ mYN ieh
dwAvw nhIN krdw ik myry iv`cwr mOilk jW AnUTy hn jW mYN ies ivSy qy
ptVI dI Cwl mwr id`qI hY [ ies iv`c AnykW nuks ho skdy hn Aqy mYN
suihrd pwTkW qoN Aws rKWgw ik auh ies pusqk nUM suDwrx iv`c sihXog
jrmxI dI lVkI klwrw jYtikn ny ieh idn mnwxw 8 mwrc 1910 nUM SurU kIqw sI qW jo AOrqW dy
msilAW v`l iDAwn iK`icAw jwvy [ hOlI hOLI U.N.O. ny ies idn hI mh`qqw smJidAW ies v`l
iDAwn dyxw SurU kr id`qw Aqy 1975 qoN ies nUM hmySw leI 8 mwrc dy idn mnaux dw irvwj pY igAw[

DMnvwd

kWf 1

ieh pusqk AMgryzI iv`c ilKI geI sI [ pwTkW v`loN ies dI BrpUr

sMswr dy ieiqhws iv`c nwrI dw sQwn

SlwGw qy pRSMsw hoeI [ ijs kwrn ies nUM pMjwbI ivc Anuvwd krn dI

mnu`K jwqI dw ieiqhws mnu`K duAwrw iesqRI jwqI nUM bwr bwr du`K dyx

mMg vDdI geI [ ies mMg nUM muK rK ky Anuvwdk dI Bwl AwrMB hoeI [

Aqy ausdy h`k Kohx dw hI ieiqhws hY[ (AilzwbYQ kYfI stYNtn USA 1948)

SRImwn krmjIq isMG AOjlw jI sMpwdk, syvw lihr, luiDAwxw ny pusqk

jdoN qoN ienswnI nsl DrqI qy vDx Pu`lx l`gI hY purK Aqy nwrIAW

dw Aiq auq`m Anuvwd krvwky ies nUM pMjwbI pwTkW leI aupl`bD kr

ie`k`Ty hI rihMdy Awey hn [ smwijk sbMDW vjoN ienHW iv`c iqMn pRkwr dy

id`qw hY [ Anuvwdk dw kMm Aiq kiTn huMdw hY pr Awp jI ny idRVqw Aqy

irSqy hoNd iv`c Awey [ ieh irSqy sn pqI-pqnI, pRymI pRymkw, mwpy-sMqwn[

lgn nwl ie`k vDIAw Anuvwd krvw id`qw hY ijs leI mYN SRImwn krmjIq

mrd kmweI kr ky Gr ilAwauNdw sI qy pirvwr nUM pwldw sI ies vwsqy

isMG AOjlw jI dw qih idloN DMnvwdI hW [

smwj iv`c aus dI BUimkw ie`k AwgU vjoN sQwpq ho jwxI kudrqI sI[ iesy

pusqk dI CpvweI vyly prUP pVHn dI syvw SRImqI jivMdr kOr,

BUuimkw ny smwj dy bwkI swry ienswnI irSiqAW nUM ArQ id`qy jo A`j q`k cly

Dwrimk AiDAwpk, jI.AYn.pI.AYs., mu`lWpur jI v`loN SrDw nwl inBweI

Aw rhy hn[ mrd ny hI ienHW nwl hr prkwr dIAW kdrW kImqW joVIAW[

geI hY [ Awp jI dI ies syvw leI mYN hmySw irxI rhWgw [

smwj iv`c au`cw-nIvW, v`fw-Cotw, cMgw mwVw, kwmw-kmcor, AwigAwkwrI-

gurmiq Bvn mu`lWpur dy fwktr AmrpRIq isMG idaul Aqy swrI

tIm dw mYN hwridk DMnvwd krdw hW ijnHW ny hmySw dI qrHW ies pusqk nUM

ibgVrUp, swaU-AKVKwn Awidk swry irSqy iesy pRsiQqI iv`coN auqpn hoey[
jo mrd ny kih id`qw auh pirvwr iv`c Aqy smwj iv`c prvwx ho igAw[
sMswr dy ieiqhws nUM vwicAW ieh g`l spSt ho jWdI hY ik ieiqhws

Cpvwaux iv`c Xogdwn pwieAw hY [ pusqk leI tweItl dI qsvIr ienHW

dI cox hY [ pusqk dw rUp inKwr ky pyS krnw vI ienHW dI dyx hY [

iv`c ie`k vI AYsI imswl nhIN imldI ij`QoN pqw lg sky ik mrd ny AwpxI
mW jW AwpxI iesqRI ilMg sMqwn nUM mwVw ikhw hovy [ ies dy ault AYsy

guxvMiqAW pwCwr,
gurbcn isMG is`DU
20.11.2009

AnykW prmwx imldy hn ijnHW qoN pqw cldw hY ik mrd ny iesqRI-purK

Aqy pRymI-pRymkw dy irSiqAW nUM BMfx iv`c kdy GOl nhIN kIqI [ BwvyN AsIN
jwxdy hW ik qwVI ie`k h`Q nwl nhIN v`jdI pr qW vI sdIAW qoN jo dMd
kQwvW cldIAW AweIAW hn aunHW iv`c iksy nw iksy rUp iv`c pqnI jW
pRymkw hI inSwny qy rhIAW hn [ swfy swihq dy AnykW khwxIAW-ik`sy iesy
ie`k pwsV Anuic`q aulwr, AigAwnqw Aqy h`T-DrmI dw nqIjw hn [2
Aijhw aulwr keI hwlqW iv`c ivAkqIgq huMdw hoieAw smwijk bx
2

Ignorance and bigotry are the main causes of stereotypes. John Fitzgerald once said,
Too often we hold fast to the cliches of our forebears.

igAw Aqy keI hwlqW iv`c ieh mn-GVq klpnwvW qoN ivgVky pnpdw

(470- 299 pU.eI)

hoieAw smwj dI h`f bIqI mMinAw jwx l`gw [ Aijhy aulwr iv`c qMgidlI,

irSIAW dy smyN qoN hI AwrMB ho igey sn[ prmuK dlIl ieh id`qI jWdI

iGrxw Aqy mwnisk sMkIrxqw dy AMS vI Awx imly qy kwrjSIl ho gey[

rhI ik pRwikrqk kwrnW kr ky Aqy srIrk bxqr p`KoN AOrqW GtIAw

pRclq hoey Aijhy iv`cwr jdoN iPlwsPrW, ivdvwnW Aqy Dwrimk jW smwijk

hn[ msln su`krwq ilKdw hY, purK Aqy nwrI dI idRVHqw iv`c smwnqw

AwgUAW vloN shI mMn ky prcwry jwx lgy qW suBwvk hI ieh hr iksy dI

nhIN hY[ purK dI idRVHqw AgvweI krn iv`c hY Aqy AOrq dI vifAweI

zubwn qy cVH gey Aqy lokXwn qy smwijk iSRStwcwr dw AMg krky mMny

AwigAw pwlx iv`c hY[ su`krwq dy ault plYto dw iv`cwr sI ik nwrIAW

jwx l`gy[

pRSwSk dy rUp iv`c purKW nwloN iksy g`loN G`t nhIN [ auh nwrIAW nUM cMgIAW

ieh g`l vI shI nhIN ik aupRokq aulwrU iv`cwrW Aqy dMd kQwvW nUM
inkwirAw,vMgwirAw jW r`idAw nw igAw hovy Aqy cnOqI nw id`qI geI hovy[

vloN nSr kIqy gey Aqy pUrb iv`c ieh kMm vydk

icMqk Aqy iPLwsPr mMndw sI [ pRclq rvwj dy ault aus ny nwrIAW nUM
AwpxI AkwfmI iv`c dwKl hox dI pUrI pUrI Ku`lH id`qI hoeI sI[

pr smwj dy vsIly mrd dy kol hox kwrn ieh kMm vI mrdW ny hI krnw

mhwn icMqk ArsqU (mOq 347 pU.eI.) dy iv`cwr Anuswr nwrIAW ApUrn,

sI Aqy prclq iv`cwrW dI muKwlPq sihxI sI ijs leI bhuq G`t lok

jzbwqI Aqy frU huMdIAW hn [ aus dy ienHW iv`cwrW dw sMswr drSn au`pr by

iqAwr ho skdy sn [ pMjwbI swihq iv`c pRoPYsr mohx isMG dIAW hyT

h`d Asr ipAw [ AOrq bwry aus dIAW ku`J it`pxIAW jo lokkqIAW bx geIAW

ilKIAW sqrW iesy rucI v`l ieSwrw krdIAW hn[ auh mrd dI byvPweI

ies qrHW dIAW sn AOrq ienswnI ivkws iv`c ADUrI hY, AOrq mrd dw

bwry ilKdy hn; pr qUM v`KrI koeI nhIN g`l kIqI qyrw k`ly dw nhIN ksUr

B`jw tu`tw rUp hY Awidk[ aus ny ieh vI iliKAw ik AOrq mrd dw Axivksq

mwhIAw, P`ul P`ul qy BOirAW vWg iPrnw ienHW mrdW dw irhw dsqUr

ApUrv rUp hY jo ivkws dI pOVI dy hyTly tMby au~pr hI ruk igAw [ kudrq vloN

mwhIAw [ prclq dMd kQwvW jd muhwvry Aqy lokkqIAW bx ky jxy Kxy

hI mnu`K A`gy hY Aqy AOrq ip`Cy, mnu`K pRbMDk hY Aqy nwrI AwigAw pwlk[ nwrI

dI zubwn au~pr cVH gey hox qW aunHW dw Kwqmw krnw kTn ho jWdw hY[ ieh

idRVHqw Aqy hOsly iv`c mrd nwlON kmzor hY ijs kwrn auh guxwqimk qOr qy

g`l vI sOKI nhIN ik sMswr Br dy iPlwsPrW dy sdIAW qoN c`ly Aw rhy glq

iksy pdvI leI suqMqr nhIN[ ausdw Xog sQwn Gr hY ijs dw SWqI pUrvk

pr shI mMny jw rhy iv`cwrW nUM CyqI nSt kIqw jw sky [ ieh Xqn vI 20vIN,

prbMD aus dI izMmydwrI hY[ GroN bwhrly Prz kyvl mrd hI inBwvy ikauNik

21vIN sdI iv`c hI SurU hoey [ Bwrq iv`c ies ivSy au~pr iqRAwicRqr nW

nwrI G`t hOsly vwlI, frU Aqy kmzor huMdI hY [

dI ie`k vDIAw iPlm bxI hY ijs iv`c nsIr-audIn Aqy Em purI ny bVI
sPlqw nwl AdwkwrI rwhIN sdIAW qoN mrd v`loN AOrq nwl huMdy D`ky nUM
swkwr krky idKwieAw hY[

ie`k hor XUnwnI drSn vyqw ihpokrytIz AOrq bwry it`pxI krdw hYy ik
AOrq dldl smwn ie`k AsiQr qy cMcl jIv hY[ ies iv`cwr Dwrw dw
SOpnhwvr ny pUrn smrQn kIqw[ auh ilKdw hY, nwrIAW iv`c gux qW hY
5

moty qOr qy AOrqW bwry ieh mMn ilAw igAw hY ik ieh b`uDI-hIx

pr pR i qBw nhIN hu M d I[ ieh hmy S w AM q R m u K I hu M d IAW hn[ brqwnvI

huMdIAW hn Aqy iksy g`l dw CyqI PYslw nhIN lYy skdIAW [ ienHW dI m`q

drSnvyqw cYstr PIlf nwrIAW bwry ilKdw hY, AOrq ie`k mnmohk ZlqI

gu`q ip`Cy huMdI hY [ ienHw dw k`d in`kw, suBw zzbwqI, mn cMcl Aqy

hY[ jrmn iPLwsPr ivMj (Whinge) Anuswr AOrq iv`c Awqmw nhIN

srIr kmzo r hu M d w hY [ Aijhy iv` c wr p` C mI jgq iv` c su ` k rwq

Sigh no more ladies sigh no more men were deceivers ever, One foot on land and one
on sea to one thing constant never. (Anonymous )

sukrwq ie`k XUunwnI dwrSink sI jo mhW ivjyqw skMdr dw ausqwd sI [ ies dy ivcwrW dw eIsweI,
ArbI Aqy XhUdI dwrSinkW au~pr bhuq pRBwv ipAw [ ies ny Awp ku`J nhIN sI ilK ky C`ifAw [ ies
dy iv`cwr ies dy mrn mgroN ies dy cyilAW ny hI sWBy qy ilKq iv`c ilAWdy[
5

Read The world as Will and idea

huMdI[6 jrmnI dw hI ie`k hor iv`cwrvwn gwty (Goethe) ies dy ault

4. pqI mwilk hY, pqnI syvkw hY

ieh mMndw sI ik nwrI hI rUh hMudI hY[

5. kuVI dy jMmx qy koeI ^uS nhIN huMdw ikauNik pirvwr dI Awqmw

ib`Kr jWdI hY

Anwqoly PRWs ny aunHW iPlwsPrW Aqy pRcwrkW nUM KUb inkwirAw ijnHW ny
iesqRI jwqI au~pr nukqwcInI kIqI sI[ aus dw m`q sI ik ijhVy lok nwrI

cInI mwnqw

6. kuVI dy jMmx nwloN DrqI au~pr hor koeI g`l mwVI nhIN

nUM Drm sQwnW iv`c au@~c pdvI dyx dy ivru`D hn auh kwier hn[ ie`k pwsy

PU zUAwn

qW auh AOrqW qoN dUr Bjdy hn Aqy dUjy pwsy ienHW dy hI jwl iv`c Psdy
hn[ keI auDwrxw pyS krdw hoieAw auh sMq jYrom dw izkr kridAW
ilKdw hY ik ies sMq ny sMswrI jIvn nUM iqAwg id`qw sI qy eykWq vws vI
kr ilAw sI pr nwrI qoN Pyr vI ip`Cw nw Cufw sikAw[
Anyk vwr mrd ny Drm dy nW hyT AOrqW nwl Drm-D`kw kIqw hY[ m`D

jpwnI ivSvwS

p`CmI lok, Kws kr ky AMgRyz Awpxy Awp nUM s`iBAwcwr, sdwcwr Aqy
iSRtwcwr dw nmUnw smJdy hn Aqy ieh kihMdy nhIN Qkdy ik sMswr nUM
AigAwnqw dy hnyry iv`coN k`Fx dw ishrw ienHW dy hI isr qy hY[ ienHW iv`c
pRclq AKwx Aqy ienHW dy pRis`D ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW iv`coN ku`J ku tUkW
dyxIAW Anu`icq nhIN hoxgIAW

kwl iv`c ie`k`ly PRWs iv`c hI 30,000 iesqRIAW nUM cuVylW kih ky Aqy qsIhy

1. vhutI Aqy qUPwnI hvw bhuq vfIAW musIbqW hn

dy dy mwr id`qw igAw sI [ bhuqIAW nUM qW ijMdw jlw id`qw igAw sI[ Aijhy

2. SISy dy glws vWg AOrq dy tu`tx dw vI hmySw ^qrw rihMdw hY

q`Q is`D krdy hn ik mnu`K ny Drm nUM vI Awpxw Zulwm bxw ky vriqAw

3. AOrq aus g`l nUM lukwauNdI hY ijs dw pUrw pqw nw hovy pr ijsdw

Aqy AwpxI DONs jmwaux leI mnmwnI dw swDn bxwieAw[ jdoN smwj dw

pqw hovy aus nUM hr QW bk idMdI hY

A`Dw ih`sw smwj dy dUsry A`Dy vrg nUM mn`uK jwqI nw smJ ky iGrxw krdw
hY qW smwj dw in`Gr jwxw XkInI ho jWdw hY[ jdoN mwVI jW suxI suxweI g`l

4. AOrq vI hvw vWg ruK bdl lYNdI hY

bwr bwr duhrweI jwvy qW auh dMd kQw bx jWdI hY[ dMd kQw nUM Aksr

5. AOrq dy Coty isr iv`c Akl nhIN vV skdI pr ieSk leI ies

smwj pRvwx kr lYNdw hY qy ieh AKwx, muhwvry jW lokkqI bx ky pRclq

dw idl v`fw huMdw hY

ho jWdI hY [ sMswr dIAW AnykW kOmW jW dySW iv`c Aijhy AKwx pRclq hn[
nmUny leI AsIN Aijhy kuJ ku AKwx hyT dy rhy hW[
1. kuVI qW smwj rUpI Kyq iv`c ie`k ndIn huMdI hY

6. AOrq G`grI v`l JwkidAW hI bhwnw l`B lYNdI hY

prmuK AMgRyzI ilKwrIAW dy iv`cwr:
1. nwrI purK leI ie`k guMJldwr buJwrq hY

zulU kQn

cOsr

2. ijs pirvwr iv`c DIAW hI DIAW hn auh pirvwr qR`k cu`kI

byhI Srwb vrgw hY

korIAn muhwvrw
6

2. nwrI hlkw brqx hY

f`c AKwx

3. DI do vwr klMk lwauNdI hY pihlW jnm vyly Pyr ivAwh vyly

They only congregate to bitch an absent member of their group (AO r q hmy S w

gYrhwzr AOrq dI bdKoeI krdI hY)

SYkspIAr

PU zUAwn cInI BwSw dw pRis`D kvI hY [ cIn iv`c DIAW hI jMmx vwlI jW bWJ AOrq nUM qlwk dyxw Awm
hY [ romn smyN qoN pihlW ietlI iv`c kwnUMnI iezwzq sI ik koeI mrd AwpxI pqnI nUM jdoN cwhy kql
kr skdw sI [
7

cOsr AMgRyzI dw ie`k pRis`D ilKwrI ho guzirAw hY [

AMgRyzI dw sMswr pRis`D ilKwrI ijs ny keI jgq pRis`D frwmy ilKy hn [

ieh ie`k scweI hY ik swry sMswr iv`c DIAW nwloN pu`qrW nUM cMgw smiJAw

3. nwrI dw mn Aqy isAwl dI hvw Aksr bdldy rihMdy hn

brnz
4. AOrq dI zubwn aus dI mOq aupRMq hI bMd huMdI hY

jWdw hY[10 mweIkl izmbwilst ies nUM ivSv ivAwpk ilMgk Asmwnqw
( Universal sexual asymmetry- 1947) kihMdw hY[

cYpmYn
5. DI ,BYx ,pqnI Aqy mW ienswnI nsl dy ic`cV hn
ircrfsn
6. rwjnIqI iv`c znwnI aus bWdr vrgI hY jo SISy dI dukwn iv`c
jw vVy
AMgRyzI khwvq

1983 iv`c sMswr dy 40 dySW iv`c ieh jwnx leI srvyKx krvwieAw
igAw ik sMswr iv`c nwrI zwqI bwry kI mwnqwvW hn[ kyvl do dySW ny DI
dy jnm nUM pu`qR dy jnm nwloN cMgw ikhw [ kyvl qyrW dyS AYsy sn ijnHW ny
pu`qR Aqy DI iv`ckwr smwnqw dw iezhwr kIqw[ 25 dyS AYsy sn ijnHW ny
pu`qrW nUM DIAW nwloN qrjIh id`qI[

Aijhy Gsy ipty iqRskwrq muhwvry ijnHW nUM ienswnI nsl dy

qjribAW dw incoV mMinAw jWdw hY hr kOm, dyS Aqy siBAwcwr iv`c
vrqy jWdy hn[ hux ieh ie`QoN q`k nwrI dI mwniskqw dI gihrweI
iv`c srwieq kr gey hn ik nwrI Awp hI hIxqw-Bwv (Inferiority
complex) dw iSkwr ho ky ienHW nUM vMgwr pwaux dI QW isr su`t ky
mMnx l`g peI hY[ ies islisly iv`c AsIN AwierlYNf dI ie`k kivqRI
dIAW hyT ilKIAW sqrW dy rhy hW jo nwrIAW dI dIn dSw dw nmUnw
pyS krdIAW hn[
nyk Awdm dI pqnI vy lokw mYN hI hW auh h`vw
mYN hI lwieAw sgly jgq dy r`bI hukm qy D`bw
myrI Av`igAw kwrn K`uisAw mrd dy pu`q dw bYkuMT
myrI glqI kwrn ivgiVAw XsUh msIh dw A`gw
au s dI QW jy sLIb cu k w ky mY n M U cwVH d y sU l I
nw koeI dunIAW c pwp hI huMdw nw koeI krdw dgw
mY N

mwVI

mY N

mwVI

vy

lo k w

mY N

mwVI

1586 iv`c PrWs iv`c nwrI dI smwijk mh`qqw Aqy ies dy smwj
iv`c sQwn bwry ie`k iv`cwr goStI hoeI[ ies iv`cwr goStI ny nqIjw
k`iFAw ik nwrI nUM kudrq ny kyvl mrd dI syvw krn leI hI pYdw
10

kIqw hY

ies ivSy qy hyT ilKIAW ikqwbW pVHo[

1. The burden of girlhood by Neera Kuckreeja Oakland third Party publishing 1995
2. The state of women in the world atlas by Joni Seager London Penguin 1997

bwvjUd vI aunHW nUM mrdW dI brwbrI nw imlI[ ieslwm ny mrd nUM cwr
ivAwh krn dI AwigAw id`qI[ do, iqMn jW cwr nwl inkwh krvw lvo pr
jy fr hovy ik inBwauxw muSikl hY qW ie`k nwl hI ivAwh TIk rhygw(kurwn

kWf 2

sUrw Alinsw 4.3)13 [ AijhIAW nwrIAW nwl ivAwh krvwaux leI ikhw

ieslwm Drm iv`c iesqRI dw sQwn

SkqI dw mUl ies gl qy AwDwrq huMdw hY ik iks pRkwr dIAW khwxIAW
pRclq kIqIAW jWdIAW hn[

(kYrolIn hylbr`n)

igAw ijhVIAW cMgIAW l`gx[ nvyN bnx vwly muslmwnW au~pr ieh inXm
bVI s^qI nwl lwgU kIqw jWdw sI[ iZlwn ibn slwm dIAW ds pqnIAW
sn [ jdoN aus ny ieslwm Drm kbUl kIqw qW CyAW nUM qlwk dyxw ipAw[
(dyKo ibn-ey-mwJw Bwg 1 pMnw 545)[ mrd v`loN bhuqIAW AOrqW nwl ie`ko

ieslwm dy Awgmn (570 pU:eI) qoN pihlW Arb dySW iv`c nwrIAW dI

ijhw ivvhwr lg pg AsMBv huMdw hY ies leI iF`l dy id`qI geI[ jy qusIN

hwlq qrsXog sI [ auh ZulwmW vWg KRIdIAW qy vycIAW jw skdIAW sn[

ie`k pqnI nUM iksy dUjI nwl bdlnI cwhuMdy ho qW ieauN kr lvo pr qusIN

DI dw pYdw hoxw ie`k klMk smiJAw jWdw sI Aqy DIAW nUM Aksr mwr id`qw

id`qI hoeI mwieAw (imhr) AwpxI iqAwgI jwx vwlI iesqRI qoN vwps nhIN

jWdw sI [ kurwn (sUrw 54-8) dI gvwhI Anuswr jd ijauNdI DI nUM d`bx

lY skdy[ (kurwn sUrw Alinsw 4.20)14

l`gy qW aus ny pu`C ilAw ik aus nUM iks gunwh bdly d`ibAw jw irhw sI
[jd kuVI dy jMmx dI ^br imldI sI qW ipau dw mUMh ie`k dm a`uqr jWdw
sI Aqy AMdr kRoD Br jWdw sI[ Aijhw purS dUsry mrdW qoN mUMh lukwauNdw
iPrdw sI ikauNik ieh ^br burI mMnI jWdI sI [ auh Awpxy Awp nUM pu`Cdw
sI, kI auh lokW dI iGrxw dw iSkwr bixAw rhy jW DI nUM ikDry d`b Awvy?
(kurwn sUrw 16)[

11

ieslwm ies g`l dI AwigAw idMdw hY ik iesqRIAW nUM dwsIAW

(knIzW) jW ZulwmW dI Skl iv`c r`iKAw jw skdw hY Aqy aunHW nwl loVINdI
SwdI qoN ibnW vI ilMg sbMD r`Ky jw skdy hn[ auh aus bMdy dI jwiedwd bx
jWdIAW hn (mOlwnw mOdUdI dw kQn- dyKo ieslwimk rwj dI ivcwrDwrw
pMnw 112)[

15

kurwn iv`c ieho g`l ies qrHW ilKI iml jWdI hY, jo Zulwm

AOrqW qusIN s`jy h`QW nwl kwbU kr leIAW hn auunHW nwl inkwh krvw skdy

mrdW iv`c bhu-nwrI SwdI Aqy AOrqW iv`c bhu-purS SwdIAW Awm sn[
vysvw gmnI zorW qy sI[ Dwrimk sQwnW iv`c bu`qW dI pUjw huMdI sI[ muUrqIAW
iv`coN bhuqIAW mUrqIAW AOrqW dIAW hI huMdIAW sn[ AOrq nUM iv`idAw pRwpqI
dw AiDkwr nhIN sI[ nwrIAW dw ivvhwr Aqy Awaux-jwx mnu`KW dy ADIn sI[
prwey mrd nwl sMg krn vwlI iesqRI nUM bydrdI nwl kql kr id`qw jWdw
sI[
hzrq muhMmd dI Awmd nwl Arb dySW iv`c AOrqW dI hwlq iv`c k`uJ
suDwr Awauxw SurU hoieAw[ hux aunHW nUM Dwrimk pusqkW pVHx dI Ku`lH iml
geI Aqy jwiedwd dI mlkIAq dw h`k vI iml igAw [12 ies gl dy

ho(kurwn sUrw Alinsw 4.3) [16 kurwn iv`c ies gl dI AwigAw vI hY ik

13
kurwn ieh vI kihMdw hY ik bhuqIAW pqnIAW nhIN hoxIAW cwhIdIAW (kurwn 33.52) ieh inXm vI
pUrI qrWH nhIN sI inBwieAw jWdw [ musilm ivdvwn Al SuXUqI AwpxI musqk nuzhq-Al-muqwh AmId
iv`c AnykW muslmwnW dIAW imswlW idMdw hY ijnHw ny 80 q`k ivAwh krvwey [ ie`k hor ivdvwn Al gzwlI
ilKdw hY ik muhMmd swihb dy Awpxy dohqy hsn ny 200 ivAwh krvwey [ ieslwm dI hr ikqwb iv`c ieh
iliKAw hY ik muhMmd swihb dIAW vI 9 znwnIAW sn [ iksy iksy ny ienHW dI igxqI 22 vI ilKI hY [ muhMmd
swihb nwl ieh irAwieq A`lw ny kIqI mMnI jWdI hY ik koeI vI muslmwn AOrq jo muhmMd nUM pqI bxwauxw
cwhy Aqy muhMmd nUM pRvwx ho jwvy qW auh aus nwl inkwh krvw skdw hY [ ieh irAwieq kyvl qyry leI hI
hY (kurwn The confederates 4) [

hr muslmwn nUM ivAwh vyly kuJ rkm AwpxI hox vwlI pqnI nUM dyxI pYNdI hY [ aus rkm nUM imhr ikhw
jWdw hY [ jy kr AOrq iksy vjHw krky mrd nUM C`f jwvy (ies nUM Ku`l kihMdy hn) qW AOrq nUM imhr dI rkm
Awpxy pqI nuMU mOVnI pYNdI hY [
14

15

ieho g`l shI musilm iv`c drj hY dyKo AMk 3432-34

ikhw jWdw hY ik jd ^lIPw ausmwn AwpxI DI nUM d`bx l`gw qW DI ny aus dI dwVHI au@~proN im`tI JwV id`qI [ ijMdgI
iv`c pihLI vwr ausmwn dIAW A`KW iv`coN bymuhwrw A`QrU ikr pey [
12
ies ivSy qy pVHo myrI pusqk is`K Drm qy ieslwm

muhMmd swihb dIAW pqnIAw swPIAw, rIhwnw Aqy juvyrIAw lVweI iv`c kwbU Aw geIAW sn ijnHW nUM
pqnIAW bxw ilAw igAw sI (shI musilm 4292) sIrq-aul-rsUl A`lw iv`c vI ies dw izkr imldw
hY[ dyKo pMnw 493

11

16

jy kr AxivAwhy mrd qy znwnI dovyN rwzI hox qW ilMg sbMD bxwaux iv`c

kurwn mjId Anuswr AOrqW mrdW dy twkry qy blhIx huMdIAW hn Aqy

koeI hrz nhIN[ AwpsI sihmqI nwl jo krdy ho aus iv`c koeI gunwh

suqMqr rUp iv`c soc nhIN skdIAW [ mrd AwpxIAW AOrqW nUM quhPy dy qOr

nhIN(sUrw Alinsw 4.24)[ iksy vI muslmwn nMU AwpxI pqnI dI BYx

qy iksy hor mrd nUM dy skdy hn [21

(swLI) nwl ivAwh krvwaux dI AwigAw nhIN[

muslmwnW iv`c bhu-nwrI ivAwh dI pRQw kwrn Awm qOr qy sOkxW

BwvyN kurwn iv`c ies g`l dw koeI spSt izkr nhIN pr hr muslmwn

iv`ckwr kuV`qx pYdw ho jWdI hY[ keI prkwr dy GrogI JgVy Aqy swizSW

krvwauxI pYNdI hY[ A&rIkw iv`c Aqy ku`J hornW ieslwmI dySW

huMdIAW rihMdIAW hn[ AijhI hwlq iv`c b`cy sB qoN v`D kSt Bogdy hn[

iv`c ieh mrXwdw AOrqW qy vI s^qI nwl lwgU kIqI jWdI hY ijs kwrn

qlwk ho jwx aupRMq muMfy nUM s`q swl Aqy DI nUM nON swl dI aumr q`k mW kol

jvwn ho rhIAW lVkIAW nUM Asih pIVw dw du`K shwrnw pYNdw hY[

rihxw lwzmI hY [ ies qoN bwAd hI sMqwn jy cwhy qW ipau kol Aw skdI

nUM suMnq

17

18

ieslwm duAwrw inSicq mrdW qy AOrqW iv`ckwr AiDkwrW Aqy

SkqIAW dw plVw kudrqI qOr qy mrd dy p`K iv`c Jukdw hY[ mrd nUM ieh

hY [ jy iesqRI inSicq smyN iv`ckwr iksy hor nwl ivAwh krvw lvy qW
qurMq hI b`icAW qy aus dw AiDkwr smwpq ho jWdw hY[

h`k huMdw hY ik jy auh cwhy qW iksy mOky vI AwpxI AOrq nUM qlwk dy skdw

is`K Drm vWg hI ieslwm vI igRhsq Drm dw smrQx krdw hY[

hY (mOlwnw mOdUdI dw kQn- ieslwimk ivcwr Dwrw pMnw 110) koeI vI

ieslwm dy pYZMbr hzrq muhmMd swihb ny inkwh kIqy Aqy aunHW dy sMqwn

muslmwn iksy vI mOky AwpxI pqnI nUM iqMn vwr Sbd qlwk, qlwk

vI hoeI[ aunHW ny ikhw, igRhsq myrw jIvn mwrg hY[ ijhVw koeI igRhsq

qlwk kih dyvy qW qlwk ho jWdw hY Aqy irSqw ^qm ho jWdw hY[ (kurwn

nUM psMd nhIN krdw auh myrw nhIN bx skdw[ (kurwn 33.53)[ BwvyN

iehAw 2.230) [19 Aijhy PYsly ivru`D iksy vI ieslwmI dyS iv`c koeI

muslmwn pirvwr iv`c Kwx pwx Aqy culHy cOky dI swrI izMmyvwrI AOrqW isr

ApIL nhIN ho skdI[ qlwk dyx dw h`k kyvl purS nUM hY iesqRI qlwk nhIN

huMdI hY pr auh Kwx leI jIv nUM izbwh nhIN kr skdIAW[ ieslwmI vryH

dy skdI [ qlwk Sudw AOrq dw smwj iv`c iqRskwr vwlw sQwn huMdw hY [

(swl) dy kuJ inSicq idnW iv`c muslmwn rozw (vrq) rKdy hn[ AOrq

qlwk dI bdnwmI dy kwrn dUsry ivAwh iv`c muSikl drpyS huMdI hY [20

rozw qW hI r`K skdI hY jy kr aus dw pqI Gr hovy qy rozw r`Kx dI AwigAw

dy dyvy (shI musilm 2238)

17

purS dy ilMg dw Aglw ih`sw k`tx nUM suMnq kihMdy hn [

ieslwm Anuswr nr Awqimk SkqI hI jIvn dw mu`F hY ies leI

imsr dyS iv`c 1997 iv`c AOrq dI jbrI suMnq ivruD AOrqW vloN lVweI lVI geI sI[ ivroD iv`c SyKAl-bdrI sI [ AOrqW muk`dmw hwr geIAW[ ieMglYNf iv`c vI AOrqW dI jbrI suMnq dy kys kdI kdweIN
sunx iv`c Aw jWdy hn[

pqnI nUM hr hwlq iv`c pqI dI ADIngI pRvwx krnI lwzmI hY[ mnu`K nwrI

mrd ijMnIAW mrzI AOrqW nUM qlwk dy skdw hY [ ie`k nOjvwn ^lIPy bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ausdI aumr
BwvyN QoVI sI pr aus ny 100 znwnIAW nUM qlwk id`qw [(History of the Punjab-Punjabi University
Page 34) itaUnISIAW,qurkI Aqy eIrwn iv`c qlwk, qlwk qlwk kihx nwl hoey qlwk nUM kwnUMnI
mwxqw pRwpq nhIN hY[ U.S.News and world report dated Sep15,2008 Anuswr qlwk Sudw AOrqW dy
b`icAW iv`c kwmuk ru`cI (desire for sex) aumr qoN pihlW aupjdI hY[ nqIjw ieh hY ik AmRIkw iv`c Aijhy
qlwkSudw joiVAW dy 19 imlIAn b`cy STD (Sexualy transmitted disease) dw iSkwr hn[

inrwsqw PyYldI hY muslmwn nUM ieh h`k hY ik auh AwpxI znwnI nUM jdoN cwhy

18

19

20

nwloN hr p`KoN SRyST hY[ BwvyN k`ut mwr krn nwl mwnis`k pIVw huMdI hY Aqy
ku`t mwr kr skdw hY [

22

mrd dw znwnI aupr pUrn AiDkwr hY[ A`lw

21

Life of Muhammad by W. Muir Volume VII page 272-73. Also see Sahi Bukhari 264

22

ies ivSy qy pVoH hyT ilKIAW pusqkW (1) Wife beating in Islam by Silas (2) Wife abuse in the

Muslim community by Kamran Menon (3) `The Saudis by Sandra Mackay (4) `Princess by
Jean Sasson . Also read Hadis Bukhari Volume 7 No. 715. Sahi Muslim No. 3512, 3526, 3527
And Abu Dawd chapter 709 No. 2141. hdIs nMbr 2142 iv`c iliKAw hY, mrd nUM koeI nhIN pu`C

Men and women, regardless of race, nationality or religion, having reached the age of
puberty, have the right to marry and establish families. They have equal rights with regard to marriage, in the marriage and in the event of dissolution. (UN Declaration of
human rights Article 16)

skdw ik aus ny AwpnI AOrq nUM ikauN ku`itAw? shI muslm pusqk 4 iv`c nMbr 2127 hdIs kihMdI
hY ik muhMmd ny vI AwpxI pqnI AwieSw nUM k`uitAw sI [ AwieSw ny Awp ikhw hY aus ny myrI CwqI au~pr

10

11

ny mrd nUM znwnI nwloN SRyST bxwieAw hY [ ieh ies leI hY ik mrd kmweI

AOrqW dI sI ijhVIAW AikRqGx sn (shI buKwrI Bwg 1 nMbr 28)[

kr ky ilAwauNdw hY qy jwiedwd bxwauNdw hY [ nyk AOrqW auhI hn jo AwigAw

AbU seId KudrI Anuswr ieh g`l khI jWdI rhI hY ik pYZMbr ny ikhw

iv`c rihx qy Al`w dy prdwn kIqy Byq sWBI rKx[ ijnHW znwnIAW qy

sI, iesrweIl dI sMqwn iv`coN ijnHW ny mrd ivru`D pihlI bZwvq kIqI

Av`igAw krn jW AwkI hox dw S`k pvy aunHW nUM ku`to mwro Aqy ibsqry iv`c

auh AOrqW hI sn

nw vVx idau (syj su`K qoN vWJw kro) [ jy auh Pyr muV AwigAwkwr bx jwx
qW hor kuJ nw kro[ iDAwn rhy ik A`lw a~ucqm hY, mhwn hY (sUrw Alinsw
4.34)[ quhwfIAW AOrqW quhwfy leI Kyq vWg hn[ r`j ky vwho ( sUrw
bkrw 2.223, shI musilm 3363)

nwrI dy mn dI kmzorI (shI buKwrI -826) Aqy byv&weI dI Awdq

(shI buKwrI-574) kwrn do AOrqW dI gvwhI ie`k mrd dy bRwbr mMnxI
cwhIdI hY[ Awpxy bMidAW iv`coN do gvwh Aijhy l`Bo ijnHW nUM qusIN pRvwx
krdy ho[ jy do mrd nw iml skdy hox qW ie`k mrd qy do AOrqW dI gvwhI

jy ikDry burweI hY qW auh AOrq iv`c qy GoVy iv`c hY[ myrI mOq qoN
bwAd ieslwm nUM nwrI dy dildR qoN vDyry iBAwnk ^qrw hor iksy pwisauN
nhIN hovygw[ (hdIs nM 30 qy 32 shI buKwrI aurdU SyK Zulwm ALI AYNf
sMnz lhOr)

TIk hY[ gvwhW nUM jdoN qlb kIqw jwvy qW auh Awaux qoN ienkwr nw
krn (kurwn -sUrw bkrw 2.282, sUrw Alinsw 4.177)
eIsweI Drm vWg ieslwm vI Awdm-h`vw (eIv) dI kQw iv`c
ivSvwS rKdw hY (sUrw bkrw 2.33-37)[ Awdm (Adam) qy h`vw (Eve)

bhuq swry ieslwmI ivdvwnW dw iv`cwr hY ik kyvl mrd hI ieiqhws

Adn dy bwZ iv`c mzy nwl rihMdy sn ij`Qy koeI rog nhIN sI Aqy nw hI

isrj skdy hn nwrIAW dw rwjnIqI dy mMc nwl koeI sbMD nhIN hY [23 kurwn

mOq sI[ hr qrHW dw su`K Awrwm pRwpq sI pr aunHW nUM ie`k ivvrijq ru`K

dI qPsIr (tIkw) krn vwly pRis`D suMnI ivdvwn iebn kQIr Anuswr

(forbidden tree) qoN Pl Kwx dI AwigAw nhIN sI [ h`vw ny Awdm nUM ies

ijhVI kOm AOrq nUM nyqw vjoN cuxdI hY auh kdy vI qR`kI nhIN kr skygI[

ru`K qoN Pl qoV ky Kwx leI pRyr ilAw[ bs Pyr kI sI, r`b nwrwz ho igAw

mrd AOrq nwloN sRySt hn ( sUrw bkrw 2.228) [ jy mYN iksy nUM iksy dUjy

Aqy dohW nUM D`kw dy ky Adn dy bwZ iv`coN, jo ik svrg iv`c sI, k`F ky

A`gy inmrqw sihq ADIn hoky PrSI slwm dyx leI kihxw hovy qW myrw

bwhr su`t id`qw[ ies pRkwr mMinAw jWdw hY ik h`vw (AOrq) hI Awdm

AwdyS hovygw ik pqnIAW Awpxy pqIAW dy A`gy Aijhw slwm krn (AbU

(bMdy) nUM kurwhy pwauNdI hY[ jy h`vw ny ies qrHW nw kIqw huMdw qW koeI vI

dwaUd - ikqwb-Al-inkwh Bwg 11 hdIs 2135)[

AOrq iksy vI mOky Awpxy pqI nwl byv&weI nw krdI [ (shI musilm

muhMmd swihb ny nrk dw dOrw kIqw Aqy vwps Aw ky ikhw, mYnUM

doz^ dI A`g idKweI geI[ ie`QoN dy invwsIAW dI bhuigxqI AYsIAW
zrb lweI qy mYnUM bhuq hI izAwdw qklI& hoeI Violence against women is perhaps the most
shameful human rights violation,and it is perhaps the most pervasive.It knows no
boundaries of Geography,culture or wealth.As long as it continues,we cannot claim to be
making real progress towards equality,development and peace.(UN Secretary General
Kofi Annan)

nMbr 3471)
ieslwm iv`c inkwh dy irSqy qoN bwhrly ilMg sbMD (ivBcwr) dI
mnwhI hY[ ies inXm dI aulMGxw krn vwilAW ivr`uD cwr sbUq cwhIdy
hn[ AOrq leI blwqkwr hox aupRMq cwr gvwh l`Bxy ie`k AsMBv g`l
hY[ auh AwpxI mwsUmIAq dw sbUq dyx leI 8 znwnIAW jW cwr mrd
iblkul nhIN ilAw skdI ikauNik blwqkwr krn vwly gvwhW nUM kol KVyH

pwiksqwn iv`c jnrl izAw ny Al hudw nW dw ie`k tI-vI pRogrwm SurU krvwieAw sI jo srwsr znwnIAW
nUM hr roz BMfdw sI[ iesy pRogrwm iv`c ikhw igAw sI, bhuqIAW cor,ivBcwrI Aqy kw&r znwnIAW hI huMdIAW
hn [ iesy qrHW pwiksqwn dy pRDwn AXUb KW ny 1961 iv`c ieho dlIlW dy ky znwnIAW dy rwjnIqI iv`c Awaux
qy pwbMdI lw id`qI sI [ ies hukm nUM ipCoN 1973 iv`c zuliPkwr AlI B`to ny ^qm krvwieAw [

kr ky blwqkwr nhIN kirAw krdy[ duUjy pwsy AoOrq dw gunwh swbq krn

12

13

23

leI blwqkwrI Awp hI gvwhI dy skdy hn jW do bMidAW nUM iqAwr kr

ieslwm iv`c XkIn r`Kx vwlIAW nwrIAW nUM AwdyS id`qw jwvy ik auh

skdy hn[24
jy quhwfIAW iesqRIAW iv`coN koeI pr-mnu`K nwl sbMD rKdI hY qW
cwr gvwh pyS kro ijhVy ies q`Q nUM is`D kr skx[ jy AYsw nw ho sky qW
doSI AOrqW nUM GrW iv`c bMd kr ky r`Ko ij`Qy auh mOq dI aufIk krn jW A`lHw
hI aunHW nUM koeI rwh idKw dyvy (kurwn sUrw Alinsw 4.19)
god ley jW muqbMnw bxwey pu`qr vloN jy AwpxI pqnI nUM qlwk dy id`qw
jwvy qW aus AOrq nwl Drm-ipqw inkwh krvw skdw hY[ zYd, muhMmd
swihb dw muqbMnw pu`qr sI[ aus dI suMdr pqnI muhMmd dy psMd Aw geI[
zYd ny qlwk dy id`qw qy hzrq muhMmd ny aus nwl ivAwh krvw ilAw [25
SIAw muslmwnW dw mMnxw hY ik ieslwm iv`c inkwh-Al-muqwh dI
AwigAw hY[ ieh AYsI SwdI huMdI hY ijs iv`c pYsy Awidk dy ky AOrq nUM Bog
ihq krwey qy lY ilAw jWdw hY[ shI musilm iv`c jwbIr dsdw hY, AsIN
bu`k Br ky KjUrW Aqy Pu`l dy id`qy Aqy inkwh-Al-muqwh kr ilAw (shI
musilm nMbr 3249) hdIs nMbr 52 Anuswr, AwpsI sihmqI nwl koeI
mrd qy koeI vI AOrq iqMn rwqW leI Ku`lmK`ulw ilMg sbMD sQwpq kr skdy
hn[

26

jdoN jwiedwd dw btvwrw huMdw hY qW ie`k purK dw Bwg do nwrIAW

dy Bwg dy brwbr huMdw hY( kurwn sUrw Alinsw 4.177 Aqy shI musilm
hdIs nMbr 3933)
ieslwm iv`c znwnIAW nUM AwpxI mrzI dI puSwk pihnx dI K`ulH nhIN
hY[ znwnIAW nUM Awpxy ichry burky jW ihjwb (c`dr) nwl Fkxy pYNdy hn[
1983 iv`c pwiksqwn iv`c 18 swl dI ie`k AMnHI lVkI swPIAw bIbI nUM ie`k AmIr AwdmI ny
AwpxI hvs dw iSkwr bxwieAw [ auh cwr gvwh nw l`B skI pr grBvqI ho jwx kwrn aus dw
ivBcwr swbq ho igAw [ aus nUM ieslwmI inXmwvlI Anuswr 15 korVy mwry gey Aqy 1000 rupey
jurmwnw vI kIqw igAw [ AwpxI pusqk Islamic Jurisprudence iv`c Abdul rhIm ilKdw hY,
ieslwm Arb dyS dy ku&r vl vD irhw hY [ iesy qrHW bIbI kMvr mumqwj Aqy PrIdw Swihd ny
AwpxI pusqk Two feet forward One foot backward iv`c iliKAw hY, ieslwm mUrKW Aqy
isr iPirAW dy h`QIN cVH igAw hY [

nzrW Jukw ky r`Kx Aqy Awpxy gupq AMgW nUM k`jx qy sMBwlx[ h`QW pYrW nUM
ilbws qoN bwhr r`iKAw jw skdw hY AwpxIAW CwqIAW nUM pUrI qrHW
Cupwaux[ svwey Awpxy pqI dy hr ie`k bMdy qoN EhlHw r`Kx (kurwn sUrw
roSnI 30) [27
prdy dw iv`cwr ies g`loN pYdw hoieAw l`gdw hY ik AOrqW ijsmwnI
kiSS (iK`c) duAwrw mrdW nUM Brmwaux/ Buclwaux dI SkqI rKdIAW hn[
ieslwm ny ieh Xog jwqw ik ienHW nUM mrdW dIAW nzrW qoN lko ky r`iKAw
jwvy[ pr ies dw ieh ArQ vI qW ho skdw hyY ik mrdW dI ilMg vwSnw
dI kmzorI dI szw AOrqW dy isr mVH id`qI jwvy[
pwiksqwn iv`c prdy dI pwbMdI s^qI nwl lwgU kIqI geI sI[ ie`QoN
q`k ik iesqRI AiDAwpkwvW leI vI burkw pihnxw lwzmI sI[ hukm ieh
sI, ijhVIAW AiDAwpkwvW prdw nhIN krngIAW aunHW nUM ieslwm Anuswr
dMf id`qw jwvygw[ pRDwn mMqrI nvwz SrIP dI srkwr ny pwiksqwn dIAW
swrIAW sMsQwvW iv`c siBAwcwrk pRogrwm, PyAt, sMgIq qy Aijhy hor
smwgm tI-vI Aqy ryfIE qoN bMd krvw id`qy sn ijnHW iv`c mrd Aqy AOrq
iek`Ty Bwg lYNdy sn[
muslmwn AOrqW Gr iv`c hI nmwz pVHdIAW hn, kdI kdI hI msIq
iv`c jWdIAW hn [28 ieh Azwn ( bWg) nhIN dy skdIAW[ muslmwn
AOrqW msijd iv`c ^uqbw nhIN pVH skdIAW

29

, Gr dI cwr dIvwrI iv`c

kYd hox kwrn hr pRkwr dI Dwrimk Xogqw mn`uK vWg prgt nhIN kr
skdIAW[ kurwn vI hmySw mrdW nUM hI sMboDn huMdw hY AOrqW dI g`l G`t hI

24

ivAwh SwdI Aqy qlwk Awidk bwry Anvr SyK dI ilKI pusqk pVHo Islam and sexuality
published by Principality publishers P.O.Box 918 Cardiff CF2 4YP
25

26

inkwh-Al-muqwh nUM eIrwn iv`c kwnUMnI mwnqw pRwpq hY [ au~Qy ieh inkwh Awm hY [

14

27
muslmwn lIfr sr sXd Aihmd burky dy p`ky smrQk sn pRMqU 1892 iv`c muhMmd SPI ny burky nUM
AMD ivSvws dw prdw ikhw [ qurkI iv`c burkw pihnx jW nw pihnx dI pUrI Ku`lH hY [

History of Islam by E.O.James page 196. Aqy qusIN hmysw Gr iv`c rho(kurwn sUrw 33.33)[
pwiksqwn dw bwnI ijnwh AwpxI BYx Pwiqmw nUM Gr iv`c C`f ky bwhroN ijMdrw lw idMdw huMdw sI [
28

18 mwrc 2005 vwly idn AmRIkw dI ie`k muslmwn znwnI AmInw vdUd ny AYlwn kr id`qw ik auh
msjd iv`c jumw dI inmwz pVHwvygI [ swry sMswr dy muslmwn sIK Bwr ho gey qy muKwl&q qy au`qr Awey[
aus idn msijdW hI bMd kr id`qIAW geIAW [ AmInw ny eIsweI crc iv`c jw ky muslmwnW nUM inmwz
pVHvweI ijs iv`c lg pg 100 muslmwnW ny Bwg ilAw [
29

15

krdw hY [

30

jy ikDry AOrqW nUM hdieqW dyx dI loV smJI qW auh vI mrdW

dI rwhIN hI id`qIAw jWdIAw sn[ Xu`D iv`c Bwg lYx vwlI jMgjU muslmwn
nwrI nusybw nUM ieh g`l psMd nhIN sI ies leI aus ny ieh g`l muhMmd
swihb dy iDAwn iv`c ilAWdI[ aus dy kihx qoN bwAd ku`J AwieqW nwrIAW
nUM sMboDn kIqIAw geIAW[ ieh khwxI d`s ky mweI XmnI nW dI lyKkw
AwpxI pusqk nwrIvwd qy ieslwm iv`c ilKdI hY, nwrIAW nUM kurwn

iv`c inAwxy vWg hI smiJAw igAw hY

kWf 3
eIsweI qy XhUdI Drm iv`c iesqRI dw sQwn
XhUdI, eIsweI Aqy ieslwimk DrmW iv`c AOrq nUM ienHW DrmW iv`c
AweI Awdm Aqy h`vw (Adam and Eve) dI khwxI Anuswr drjw id`qw
igAw hY[ ip`Cy izkr kr Awey hW ik h`vw ny Awdm nMU ivvrijq PL Kwx
leI auksw ky kurwhy pwieAw [ ies mhW pwp kwrn r`b gu`sy iv`c Awpy qoN
bwhr ho igAw Aqy aus ny dohW nUM Adn dy bwZ (XwxI bihSq-surg)
iv`coN D`kw dy ky bwhr k`F mwirAw [ ies pwp ny swrI iesqRI zwqI nUM
gunwhgwr bxw id`qw Aqy AOrq nUM mrd dI igrwvt jW pqn dw kwrn
mMinAw jwx l`gw[ dlIl ieh id`qI jWdI hY ik Awdm ny Awp pwp nhIN
kIqw sgoN aus qoN ieh pwp AOrq ny krvwieAw[ AOrq dI ies ZlqI
kwrn byksUry mrd nUM surg C`fxw ipAw[ ies doS dw koeI pRmwx qW nhIN
imldw ik iks ny iks nUM kI BrmwieAw hovygw Aqy nw hI ikDry ieh g`l
spSt huMdI hY ik Awdm pUrI qrHW lweIl`g Aqy mUrK sI Aqy aus iv`c
socx smJx leI Borw vI Akl nhIN sI[ pRcl`q khwxI qoN ie`k g`l
zrUr sp`St ho jWdI hY ik aus nUM r`b dy hukm nwloN r`b vloN hI id`qy gey
iesqRI rUp iKfwauxy nwl vDyry ipAwr sI ijs dI khI g`l nMMU auh moV nw
sikAw[ BwvyN doS swry dw swrw iesqRI au~pr hI mVH id`qw igAw pRMqU ies
iv`c vI koeI S`k nhIN ik r`b dy hukm dI Avhylxw iesqRI ny nhIN sI
kIqI sgoN mrd ny kIqI qy PL qoV ky ^w ilAw[ szw kyvl iesqRI nUM hI
imlI Aqy bdnwmI vI A`j q`k iesqRI dI hI ho rhI hY [ iensw& r`b ny
vI nw kIqw [ aus ny gu`sy iv`c Aw ky h`vw nUM ikhw, mYN qyry sMqwn auqpqI
dy du`KW iv`c vwDw kr idAWgw [ qUM hmySw Awpxy pqI dI qWG rKdI rhyNgI
qy qUM Awpxy pqI dy kwbU iv`c rhyNgI (jYnyisz 3:16-19)31

mrdW leI surg (bihSq) iv`c hUrW (KUbsUrq kuVIAW) imldIAW hn[aunHW nUM bihSq iv`c Axl`g kuAwrIAW
suMdrIAW id`qIAW jwxgIAW(kurwn 78:33) au~Qy vDIAw qoN vDIAw Srwb nwl lbw lb Bry pYg aunHW dI Bytw
kIqy jwxgy(kurwn 83:25)[ pr AOrq nUM (surg jW nrk iv`c) ku`J imlx bwry ikDry koeI izkr nhIN hY[ AOrq
Swied jMnq (surg) iv`c vV hI nhIN skdI[

31
is`K Drm Aqy iesweI Drm dy twkry leI pVHo imstr is`DU dI pusqk Sikh Religion & Christianity
jo hux gurmuKI il`pI iv`c vI iml skdI hY [ (is`K Drm qy eIsweI Drm)

16

17

30

ienHW Dwrimk gRMQW Anuswr ieh vI mMinAw igAw hY ik r`b pihlW

swl dy lVky hI inBw skdy hn[ iksy XhUdI dI imRqXU dy smyN AOrqW nVoey

nwrI pYdw krnI Bu`l hI igAw sI [ r`b nUM sMswr dI rcnw rc dyx bwAd

dy nwl nhIN jWdIAW ies dI QW aunHw ny kyrIAwh dI rsm pUrI krnI

punr iv`cwr Aw jwx krky mrd dI p`slI iv`coN nwrI pYdw krnI peI

huMdI hY [ ieh rsm sog dI rsm mMnI geI hY ijs iv`c AOrqW k`pVy

(jYnyisz 2:21-25)[ ie`QoN ieh dlIl c`lI ik nwrI kyvl mrd dI

PwVdIAW hn,SISy pu`Ty kr idMdIAW hn Aqy Gr dy swry BWifAW nUM ^wlI

ipCl`g hY Aqy hr g`l iv`c ies dw ip`Cy rihxw sMswr auqpqI vyly qoN hI

krdIAW hn[

pRmwxq ho cu`ikAw hY[ ies dlIl dw koeI hor Bwv hovy jW nw pr inSicq
rUp iv`c ies dlIl ny nwrI nUM hmySw leI nIvW GoSq kr id`qw hY Aqy
ies dy guxW Aqy swhs au~pr ie`k krwrI s`t mwrI hY[ auh mrd dy
mukwbly iv`c ADUrI hY Aqy mnu`K vWg soc nhIN skdI[ auh kyvl sMqwn dy
duK sihx, pwlx posx Aqy Gr bwr sWBx leI mrd dI syvkw hY[ cOkw
culHw hI ausdw sMswr hY[ r`b ny mUsw nUM ikhw, mrd dw vIh qoN pMjwh swl
dI AwXU qk jy 60 SYkl nYqk mu`l mMn ilAw jwvy qW iesy aumr dI AOrq
dw nYqk mu`l 30 SyYkl hovygw (Old Testament)32

XhUdI purS nUM ie`k qoN v`D ivAwh krvwaux dI AwigAw hY pRMqU XhUdI
AOrq AYsw nhIN kr skdI (ieh inXm ASknwzI XhUdIAW iv`c nhIN
mMinAw jWdw) [33 ku`J XhUdI sMprdwvW iv`c ivDvw XhUdI AOrq nUM dUjI
SwdI krvwaux dI iejwzq iml jWdI hY pr aus nUM pqI dI mOq dw sMdyhmukq pRmwx pyS krnw pYNdw hY[ Aijhw pRmwx imlx iv`c keI AOkVW pyS
AwauNdIAW hn[ msln jy pqI iksy dUr durwfy dyS iv`c surgvws ho igAw
hovy, durGtnw dw iSkwr ho igAw hovy, lVweI iv`c mwirAw igAw hovy jW
smuMdr iv`c fu`b ky mr igAw hovy qW mrg dw p`kw sbUq pyS nhIN kIqw jw
skdw[ dUjy ivAwh leI iksy isnwgwg (XhUdI mMdr) qoN gYt lYxw zrUrI

3.1 XhUdI Drm:

ku`J XhUdI ivdvwn ieh g`l svIkwr krdy hn ik aunHW dI Dwrimk
pusqk qOryq dw ku`J Bwg ivdvwn AOrqW dI rcnw hY (vyKo AYksofs
15:20-21)[ ie`mw Slom, brUrIAw (dUsrI sdI dI qwlmudk ivdvwn)

huMdw hY ijs dI pRwpqI koeI durgm GwtI pwr krn vwLI g`l hY[ nw nO mx
qyl hovy qy nw rwDw n`cy[

34

koeI vI qlwk-Sudw AOrq iksy pujwrI (r`bweI)

nwl ivAwh nhIN krvw skdI[

Aqy gwrSIAW mYNnfIz (16vIN sdI) hor pRis`D XhUdI ivdvwn nwrIAW

248 XhUdI inXmW dI pUrI pwlxw kIqy ibnW jMmy b`cy nUM mwmzyirm

sn[ ikho ijhI ivfMbnw hY ik A`j XhUdI znwnIAW nUM qOryq dI ivAwiKAw

(hrwmI) ikhw jWdw hY[ Aijhw b`cw kyvl iksy mwmzyr (hrwmI kuVI/

krn dI vI AwigAw nhIN hY qy nW hI nwrIAW Dwrimk jW smwijk AwgU

muMfy) nwl hI ivAwh krvw skdw/skdI hY[ eIsIn sMprdw dy XhUdI vI

bx skdIAW hn[ XhUdI AOrq nUM r`bweI kYNtr, jW sYmInrI dw pRDwn nhIN

Awdm h`vw dI khwxI nUM mMndy hn [ ienHW dy Drm prcwrkW ny nwrI dy

bxwieAw jw skdw [ AOrqW pRwrQnw dy mOky vrqx vwly qilq (Swl)

l`Cx dsidAW aus nUM eIrKwlU, susq, hMkwrI, pytU, vihmI, jwdU tUxy dI

nhIN vrq skdIAW Aqy aunHW nUM isr Fkx leI ivSyS prkwr dw Dwrimk
vsqr (ik`pw) pihnx dI mnwhI hY[ auh kifS (pRwrQnw-Ardws)
nhIN kr skdIAW[
bwrimqzbwh Aqy kbwlwq qorw nWm dIAW Dwrimk rsmW iv`c
AOrqW nUM Bwg lYx dI s^q mnwhI hY[ ieh rsmW kyvl 13 swl Aqy 16
32

XhUdI Drm iv`c keI iPrky hn [ ASknwzI, sYPwrfI, eIsIn,AwrQOfOks,Aqy ilbrl bhuqy pRis`D hn [
ie`Qy iLKIAW swrIAW g`lW sBnW qy ie`ko ijhIAW lwgU nhIN huMdIAW [ r`b nUM Xwd krn leI r`b dw nW nhIN ilAw
jWdw [ jy God ilKxw hovy qW kyvl G-d hI ilKdy hn [ ilbrl (ijMnHW nUM aulps (ULPS) vI ikhw jWdw hY
audwrvwdI hn Aqy AOrqW nUM kwPI Ku`lHW vI idMdy hn[ Awm XhUdI r`b leI puilMg sbd hI vrqdy hn pr ilbrl
aus nUM mwqw vI kih idMdy hn[ ienHW ny bwrimqzbwh dI rsm jo kyvl mMuifAW leI sI iv`c lVkIAW nUM vI pUrI
Ku`lH id`qI hoeI hY[ dUjy XhUdI smilMgI XonsMbMD nUM vrijq smJdy hn (lYivtIks 18:22) pr ilbrl ies dI
pUrI KulH idMdy hn[
33

34
ieh inXm ifaUtRonomI qy AwDwrq hn (dyKo 24:1-4)[ ienHW nUM ivvrijq inXm (Forbidden Degrees)
ikhw jWdw hY[

SyYkl qy tYlYNt aus smyN dy XUint sn [

18

19

SOkIn, bd-rUhW nUM mMnx vwlI, Aqy ivhlV iliKAw hY[ mrdW nUM nsIhq

mom b`qI jgw ky AwauNdIAW hn[

id`qI geI hY ik auh nwrIAW iv`c iv`crn vyly bhuq swvDwn Aqy sucyq
rihx[ Drm pusqk qwlmud Anuswr ijhVw nyk bMdw iksy mwVI AOrq
nwl ivAwh krvwauNdw hY auh Awp vI aus AOrq vrgw hI bx jWdw hY[35
mwsk rkq-kwl Aqy jxypy sbMDI vI keI bMdSW hn ijnHW nUM s^qI nwl
inBwauxw pYNdw hY[ mwhvwrI dy smyN AOrq dI q`kxI hvw iv`c zihr
GoldI mMnI jWdI hY Aqy ienHW idnW iv`c aus dI zihr s`p vrgI huMdI hyY
Aqy aus dI ie`k q`kxI vI mrd leI mwVI hY[ (znwnIAW qy XhUdI DrmbI gRIn brg pMnw 115)[

XhUdI jIvn-Dwrw do BwgW iv`c vMfI hoeI hY (a) AOrqW kI krn Aqy
(A) mrd kI krn[ XhUdI inXmwvLI (hlwkwh) Anuswr XhUdI mrd
qYils, ik`pw jW qYPiln pihn skdw hY pr AOrqW leI ienHW nUM pihnx dI
s^q mnwhI hY[ Dwrimk sMgq jW pRwrQnw sQwnW iv`c AOrqW dI BUimkw
sImq ijhI huMdI hY[ nwrIAW dI pRwrQnw iv`c iqMn zrUrI imqzvoq
(Dwrimk Prz) huMdy hn ijnHW dw krnw lwzmI hY[ (1) nyroq:- sYbQ dy
AwrMB vjoN Gr iv`c mom b`qIAW jgwauxw (2) cwlwh:- gunHy hoey Awty (qOx)
dw k`uJ Bwg A`f kr ky r`Kxw

36

(3) indwh:- mwhvwrI dI smwpqI aupRMq

iesqRIAW nUM aucyrI iv`idAw jW Dwrimk Koj-ruJyvyN qoN vrijAw igAw

pwxI iv`c fubkI lwauxw[ 37 XhUdI AOrqW leI ieh iqMn krm kWf

hY[ aunHW dw imqzboh (pRmwqmw nwl imlwp) dw FMg mrdW nwloN v`Krw hY[

AiDAwqimk idRStI qoN AqI au~qm Aqy lwBkwrI mMny jWdy hn [ ies qoN

qOryq iv`c ies ivSy qy XhUdI Drm iv`c 613 qRIky hW-p`KI mMny gey hn

aupRMq auh AYsQr dI khwxI pVH jW sux skdIAW hn [ (dyKo qwlmud 4-

Aqy ijMnHw iv`coN 365 AOrqW vwsqy vrijq (nWh-p`KI -ieh nhIN krny)

a)[ hr mhIny dy pihly idn nUM roS cOdyS (sMgRWd) ikhw jWdw hY ijs idn

hn[ Drm kwrjW nUM krn leI vI mrdW Aqy AOrqW leI A`fo A`f ivSyS

AOrqW puUrw idn bgYr kMm krn qoN Cu`tI kr skdIAW hn[

hdwieqW hn[ GrogI kwrj ijvyN ik ^wxw pkwauxw, BWfy swP krny, Gr dy
jIAW dI dyK Bwl krnw, b`cy pwlxy, bzurgW dI syvw Awidk kwrjW nUM r`b
dI pUjw smwn mMinAW jWdw hY[ gRihsqI nwrIAW dI ieh syvw pRmwqmw dI
BgqI mMnI jWdI hY[

XhUdI Drm inXmwvlI (hlwkwh) Anuswr pRwrQnw smyN mrd qy AOrq

ie`ko QW nhIN ho skdy[ qOryq Aqy hor piv`qR gRMQ kyvl mrdW vwly pwsy hI
r`Ky jWdy hn[ AOrqW nUM Awm qOr qy iksy v`Kry Bwg jW bwlkonI iv`c
ibTwieAw jWdw hY ijQoN auh mrdW nUM nw dyK skx qy mrd aunHW nUM nw dyK

pwsEvr (AYksofs 12:15) dy iqauhwr vyly mwqzh ( copVI

skx (dohW iv`ckwr prdw Awm lwieAw jWdw hY)[ keI vwr qW auh pRwrQnw

rotI) dI mnwhI huMdI hY[ ies mOky kxk dI vrqoN krn dI sKq mnwhI

nUM sux vI nhIN skdIAW jo mrdW vwly Bwg iv`c ho rhI huMdI hY[ iminAwn

huMdI hY[ Bojn dy bcy Kucy tukVy Aqy kxk dy dwixAW nUM bhuq hI swvDwnI

(ie`k pRwrQnw) leI 10 lokW dI loV huMdI hY pr ies iv`c igxqI pUrI krn

nwl l`B ky rsoeI qoN bwhr dUr r`iKAw jWdw hY[ ienHW dw rsoeI iv`c rih

leI mOky qy hwzr ho c`ukI AOrq Bwg nhIN lY skdI[ iksy vI pRkwr dI

jwxw mhW-pwp hY[ Aijhw puUrI qnidhI nwl krnw r`b A`gy Ardws

Dwrimk syvw iv`c znwnI AgvweI nhIN kr skdI nW hI koeI Bjn guxguxw

bRwbr mMinAw jWdw hY[ ies mOky bu`FIAW XhuUdI AOrqW Awpxy vfyirAW/

skdI hY[ XhUdI ieiqhws Anuswr pRmwqmw ny Awpxw aupdyS kyvl hzrq

jTyirAW dIAW kbrW qy jWdIAW hn au~Qy Pu`l Aripq krdIAW hn Aqy

mUsw Aqy hzrq iebrwhIm Awidk vrgy mrdW nUM hI id`qw sI ies leI

qwlmud iv`c ililQnW dI ie`k AOrq dw izkr hY jo Awdm dI pihlI pqnI sI Aqy hr g`l iv`c Awdm dI
bRwbrI mMgdI sI [ Awdm AijhI Ku`lH dyx leI iqAwr nhIN sI ies leI Awdm ny aus nUM qlwk dy id`qw [ XhUdI
ivdvwn ililQ nUM pRyq Awqmw Aqy guMfI rMn mMndy hn [ dUjy SbdW ivc ieh kih lvo ik AOrq leI mrd
dy bRwbr h`k mMgxy gunwh hn [

35

20

36

ieh gurdvwirAW iv`c pRSwd k`F ky r`Kx vWg hY [ ies rsm qoN ibnW Kwxw nhIN pkwieAw jw skdw[

mwhvwrI qoN 7 idn bwAd AOrq imkvwh(qlw Awidk) qy jWdI hY qy pwxI iv`c fubkI lwauNdI hyY [ indwh dy
pUry inXm pVHx leI dyKo lYivtIks 15:19-30

37

21

Drm dI ivAwiKAw kyvl mrd dw hI h`k hY[38 k`uJ hor mh`qv pUrn

pr nwrIAW dy vsIly qoN ibnw ieh vwDw hoieAw ikvyN? ies qoN qW iehI

Dwrimk rsmW nUM krn jW aunHW iv`c Swml hox dI vI AOrqW nUM mnwhI hY[

prqIq huMdw hY ik bweIbl mwnv jwqI dI auqpqI Aqy ivkws dw mwx

XhUdI purS dI Awm prwrQnw dy ieh AMS bhuq mh`qv pUrx

nwrIAW nUM dyx leI iqAwr nhIN[

hn, hy pRmwqmw qUM DMn hY [ qUM bRihmMf dw pRSwSk Aqy srb SkqIvwn

purwqn bweIbl (Old Testament) Anuswr AOrqW ApivqR hn

hY[ qyrw Su`kr hY ik qUM mYnUM AOrq nhIN bxwieAw [ (Pol 5,6) [ AOrqW

Aqy nvIN bweIbl ( New Testament) Anuswr auh kmzor brqx

dI Ardws vI smJx Xog hY[ auh kihMdIAW hn , r`bw ,myrI shwieqw

(Weak vessal) hn qy ienHW iv`c purS vwlw swhs Aqy sbr nhIN

kr qW jo mYN qyry hukm dI pwlxw krdy hoey jI skW kMvwrIAW kuVIAW

hY[ mDkwlIn eIsweI swDU iesqRI nUM duSt, kukrmI, pwqkI, gohy nwl

a~upr jy cirqRhIxqw dw doS l`g jwvy qW aunHW nUM ie`tW mwr mwr ky

BrI mws dI BrmwaUN pMf, Gr dw nrk, im`Tw muhrw Awidk AwKdy

mwrn dw hukm hY [ XhUdI Drm gRMQW Anuswr r`b ny hzrq mUsw nUM

hn[ pr hYrwnI hY ik ienHW hI AOrqW qoN pYdw hox vwly purS nUM bweIbl

aupdyS id`qw sI ik imfIAwnweIts qoN bdlw ilAw jwvy[ aunHW dIAW

ny r`b dI Swn (Glory of God) Aqy r`b dw hmSkl (Image of God)

AOrqW, b`cy Aqy pSU Dn Koh ley jwx [39 iesy qrHW hoieAw[ jdoN

ikhw Aqy AOrq nUM mnu`K dI Swn (Glory of man) dw ibMb Arpn

swry imfIAwnweIts PVy gey Aqy mUsw qy AlIzwr dy swhmxy muAwb

kr id`qw[ jy kr mn`uK dI Swn (AOrq) dust hY qW mnu`K r`b dI

dy mYdwn iv`c ilAWdy gey qW hukm id`qw igAw ik sB nOjvwn muMfy

Swn (pivqR) ikvyN hoieAw ies gl bwry bweIbl iv`c koeI pRmwx nhIN

mwr id`qy jwx Aqy AijhI koeI AOrq vI ijauNdI nw rhy jo kdy iksy

imldw ? gohy dI gMdI pMf nUM Cuhx nwl pivqRqw dI Aws ikvyN r`KI

mrd nwl s`uqI hovy (XwxI kMvwrIAW nUM Awpxy leI dwsIAW bxw ky r`K

jw skdI hY ? syNt pwl qW ie`k kdm hor vI A`gy jw ky ilKdy hn,

lvo) (nMbrz 31:1-18)

ijs sbMD iv`c ilKky qusIN mYnUM pu`iCAw hY, mYN dsdw hW ik mn`uK
dy Bly dI g`l ieho hY ik auh nwrI nUM nw Cuhy[ (koirMQIAWnz 17-

3.2 eIsweI Drm:

79,32-38 mYQIaU 19:11,12,29)[ auh iesy sur iv`c Awpxy cyilAW nUM

Awdm Aqy h`vw dI khwxI, ijs dw izkr AsIN ip`Cy kr Awey hW,

ieh m`q vI idMdw hY ik auh kdI ivAwh nw krvwaux qy kMvwry rihx[

ieh gl spSt nhIN krdI ik sMswr iv`c mwnv jwqI dI igxqI ikvyN

mYN kMvwirAW Aqy ivDvwvW nUM kihMdw hW cMgw iehI hY ik myry vWg

vDI[ r`b ny kyvl Awdm qy h`vw hI pYdw kIqy sn qy AgoN ies joVI dy iqMn

kMvwry rih ky jIvn bqIq kro qy ies AwdyS dI pUrI pUrI pwlxw

pu`qR jnmy ijnHW dy nW sn kyn, eybl Aqy syQ pr aunHW dy DI koeI nw jMmI[

kro (koirMQIAwnz 6:3, 6:8)[ syNt pwl dI dlIl qoN ieh lgdw hY

ieMnHW byitAW dI AgoN sMqwn hoeI d`sI jWdI hY ijQoN mwnv jwqI dw ivkwS

ik SwdISudw mrd Aqy AOrqW ivAwh auprMq r`b vloN mUMh moV lYNdy

hoieAw pr bweIbl iv`c ieh gl spSt nhIN ik ienHW iqMNnW puqRW leI

hn[ Swied iehI kwrn hY ik eIsweI swDvIAW kMvwrIAW rihMdIAW

znwnIAW ik`QoN AweIAW ? bweIbl kyvl ienHw hI ilKdI hY, jdoN DrqI

hn Aqy ienHW iv`coN ku`J qW krUp l`gx leI isr vI munvw idMdIAW

qy purSW dI igxqI iv`c vwDw hoieAw qW aunHW dy Gr DIAW ny jnm ilAw[

hn[ jykr syNt pwl dI nsIhq nUM ieMn ibMn mMn ilAw jWdw Aqy sMswr

pUrI ivAwiKAw leI pVHo The hole in the street by Evelyn kaye OR `The invaluable pearl
by H.E.Ghatan

38

Xwd rhy ik mUsw nUM ies g`l dI vI koeI pRvwh nhIN sI ik aus dI pqnI izprw vI imifAwnweIt iPrky dI
DI sI [

dIAW sB kMvwrIAW AOrqW swDvIAW bx ky eIsweI Drm Dwrn kr

lYNdIAW qW pqw nhIN sMswr dw ivkws iks qrHW huMdw[

39

22

syNt pwl AOOrqW dy Swied ies leI ivru`D sI ik aus dy iKAwl

23

Anuswr AOrqW mrdW au~pr roAbH jmwauxgIAW Aqy AiDkwr dI vrqoN

skdw[ 1985 iv`c AOrqW vloN pRdrSn krn Aqy zordwr gu`sw prgtwaux

krngIAW[ auh kihMdw hY , mYN iksy vI nwrI nUM Drm pRcwr krn qy

dy PL srUp znwnIAW nUM qsvIrW dyKx dI AwigAw qW iml geI pr Srq

mnu`KW qy AiDkwr jmwaux dI AwigAw nhIN dy skdw[ nwrI nUM hmySw KwmoS

ieh lweI geI ik auh iksy gupq rsqy rwhIN ieh qsvIrW dyKx jw

rihxw cwhIdw hY[ Awdm dI isrjxw pihlW hoeI sI qy h`vw dI bwAd

skdIAW hn ij`QoN dI lMGdIAW hoeIAW nUM koeI dyK nw sky[

iv`c[ zwhr hY ik Awdm ny Av`igAw nhIN sI kIqI sgoN SYqwn vloN h`vw
hI BrmweI geI sI[ h`vw ny hI swrw Brm-jwl PYlwieAw [ jy kr nwrI
hux vI p`ky Brosy Aqy pRym sihq idRVHqw nwl bRhm SkqI iv`c lIx rhygI
qW ho skdw hY ik aus dI sMqwn aus dw bcwA kr lvy (itmQI 2:1215)

40

[ieh g`l vI not krn vwlI hY ik eIsweI Drm dy moFI hzrq

eIsw ny SwdI nhIN sI kIqI pr qW vI bweIbl dw hukm hY, sMqwn

auqpqI dy Xog bxo qy AOlwd iv`c vwDw kro( jYinisz)[ ieh g`l syNt
pwl dI nsIhq nwl myl nhIN KWdI[
A`j vI AOrqW au~pr ieh pwbMdI hY ik auh igrjy (eIsweI mMdr) iv`c
pwdrI jW ibSp dI pdvI nhIN lY skdIAW Aqy nw hI pRwrQnw smyN crc
iv`c juVI sMgq dI AgvweI kr skdIAW hn[41 jOn bYpitst ny kyvl
mrdW nUM hI bYpiqsmw id`qw qy zmIr vwly mnu`KW dy pwp bKSy[ aus ny iksy
ie`k vI nwrI nUM eIsweI Drm iv`c pRvyiSq nhIN sI kIqw[ (Gnostic
Principles of one God page 14)

eIsweI Drm iv`c AOrqW nUM Xu`D dy bsqr Dwrn krn dI s^q mnwhI
hY[ jon AwP Awrk nUM mrdW vwly vsqr pihnx Aqy Ssqr Dwrn krn
dy doS iv`c ijauNdI nUM A`g lw ky swV id`qw igAw sI[ ausny pwbMdI dI
aulMGxw kIqI sI [42
bweIbl ivAwhuqw ivAkqI qy pwbMdI lwauNdI hY ik auh pqI/pqnI qoN
ibnW iksy hor nwl Bog ivlws nw kry[ iliKAw igAw hY, qYnMU pqI/pqnI
qoN ibnW ilMg-sbMD dI s^q mnwhI hY[43 iesy bweIbl dy ies hukm dy
ivpRIq AsIN bweIbl iv`c pVHdy hW ik lOt (Lot) ny AwpxIAW do DIAW nwl
kukrm kIqw Aqy ies Bog ivlws dy nqIjy vjoN do lVky pYdw hoey[ ie`k dw
nW Amon (Amon) Aqy dUsry dw nW moAwb (Moab) sI[ dohW dy kbIly
AmonweIts Aqy moAwbweIts cwlU hoey ijnHW dw izkr bweIbl iv`c keI
QweIN AwauNdw hY[ jYinisz 20:12 iv`c izkr hYy ik iebrwhIm ny AwpxI BYx
nwl ivAwh kIqw[ jYinisz 38:27-29 Anuswr qwmr Awpxy shury nwl
sONdI rhI Aqy do lVky pYdw kIqy[ ie`k hor QW izkr hY, jy kr ausdI

spyn iv`c zrgozw qoN A`T mIl dUr AOlwfeI iv`c purwqn eIsweI

DI muitAwr ho geI hY Aqy ivAwhux Xog hY pr aus dw Awpxw jI kwm nUM

swDvIAW vloN bxwey hoey eIsw dI mwqw myrI dy jIvn-idRSW dy ic`qr hn[

krdw hY qW auh aus nwl ivAwh krvw lvy[ ies iv`c koeI pwp nhIN[

eIsweI swDUAW ny znwnIAW au~pr pwbMdI lweI hoeI hY ik znwnIAW hI

(koirMQIAnz 7:36)

znwnIAW vloN bxweIAW ieh qsvIrW nUM nhIN dyK skdIAW[ ieh kMD ic`qr
eIsweI BgqxIAW ny 1774 eIsvI iv`c bxwey sn qy audoN qoN hI pwbMdI l`gI
rhI hY[ jdoN AOrqW ny pop kol ies g`l dI Skwieq kIqI qW au~qr imilAw,
BweI ieh PYslw krn dw h`k qW eIseI swDUAW dw hI hY, mYN kuC nhIN kr
hor dyKo ifautRonomI 22:5 Aqy lYivtIks 27:1-14 [ Early Christians regarded woman as a
temptress because she was responsible for the fall of Adam (Encyclopaedia Britannica
Vol 19 page 909 Edition 1977)

40

pRotYstYNt eIsweIAW ny hux kuJ irAwieq kr id`qI hY pr kYQoilk Ajy vI AVy hoey hn [ pop jwn pwl ny vI AOrqW
nUM crc pRbMD iv`c dwKl hox qoN vrjI r`iKAw [
41

24

purwqn bweIbl (Old Testament) iv`c drj hY ik aus vyly AOrq nUM
pqI dI jwiedwd smiJAw jWdw sI Aqy AOrq nUM iksy prkwr dI jwiedwd
dw koeI vI AiDkwr nhIN sI[ pqI jdoN cwhy aus nUM qlwk dy skdw sI qy
qlwk dyx dw h`k vI kyvl pqI nuMU hI sI [ pqnI jy cwhy vI qW vI pqI
qoN qlwk nhIN sI mMg skdI (ifaUtRonomI 24.1)[ hr siQ`qI iv`c pqnI ny
42

A`j klH dy eIsweI ies inXm nUM mMnxo ht gey hn [

43

Thou Shalt not commit adultry

25

pqI dI AwigAw dw pwlx krnw huMdw sI[ pqnIE Awpxy Awpxy pqIAW

eIsweI Drm iv`c r`b nUM ipqw ikhw jWdw hY[ pop jwn pwl (pihlw)

dI AwigAw iv`c rho[ pqI pqnI dw mwlk hY ijvyN ik hzrq eIsw crc

ny 10 sqMbr 1978 nUM syNt pItr su`kyAr iv`c BwSn idMidAW kih id`qw sI,

dw mwlk hY[ (AYPIsIAnz 5:22)[ ikhw jWdw hY ik eIsweI Drm iv`c

r`b swfw ipqw vI hY Aqy mwqw vI[ ies g`l qy bhuq hMgwmw hoieAw ik

nwrIAW nUM ijhVw nIvW drjw id`qw igAw hY aus dw zordwr pRcwr syNt

r`b nUM mwqw ikauN ikhw igAw[ swry sMswr iv`c ies au~pr vwd-ivvwd

Awgstn (cOQI sdI eIsvI) ny kIqw sI[ ies sMq dI dlIl ieh sI ik

iCiVAw Aqy pop dI bhuq Awlocnw hoeI ik r`b nUM iesqRI ilMg ikauN id`qw

mUl pwp ilMg-Bog hY jo iesqRI qoN ibnW sMBv nhIN ies leI iesqRI pwp

igAw[

krvwaux dI BwgI hY[ 1549 AD iv`c ieMgLYNf dI Drm pRvyS syvw vyly q`q
k`iFAw igAw ik sB mrdW dw mwq-grB pRvyS hI v`fw gunwh hY Aqy
ies pwp dy pScwqwp leI pRwrQnwvW kIqIAW jwx[44 ies dy ault sMq
vYilMtweIn nUM romWs (ieSk) dw sMq mMinAw jWdw hY[45 aus dI Xwd iv`c
hr swl 14 PrvrI nUM vYilMtweIn fy GoSq kIqw igAw hY[ A`j kLH ieh q`Q
j`g zwhr hY ik ies idn muMfy kuVIAW iv`ckwr kwm BVkwaux leI kwrf

587 AD iv`c eIsweI Drm dy au~c dwrSinkW ny PRWs iv`c ie`k sMmyln
kIqw[ ivSw sI kI nwrIAW ienswn mMnIAW jwx ik nw? hYnrI A`TvyN ny
AOrqW dy bweIbl pVHx qy pwbMdI lw id`qI sI[ 1984 q`k vI ieMglYNf dI
kymibRj XUnIvristI Awpxy korsW iv`c lVkIAW nUM lVikAW dy brwbr
drjw nhIN sI idMdI[

ley id`qy jWdy hn Aqy ASlIl sMgIq bjwieAw jWdw hY[

qlwk dy svwl qy ieMglYNf dy crc iv`c m`q Byd hn[ ieauN lgdw hY
ik hzrq eIsw ny qlwk dy iv`cwr nUM mwnqw nhIN id`qI sI (mYQIaU 5.31
mwrk 10:2.12) pr aus ny dUjy ivAwh nUM zrUr inkwirAw sI (1 pItr 3:17)[ romn kYQoilk sMprdw dy AnuXweI ies ivSvwS dy hn ik ivAwh dw
sMbMD Atut hY( mwrk 10:9-10)[ auh pwdrIAW nUM ivAwh krvwaux dI
AwigAw nhIN idMdy[ jy iksy kwrn qlwk ho jwvy qW qlwk Sudw mrd jW AOrq
dw ivAwh pihly swQI dy jIvn-kwl iv`c nhIN ho skdw[
44
1980 iv`c ies g`l nUM pRvwxgI id`qI geI ik ivAwh SwdI kyvl iesqrI qoN su`K Aqy syvw pRwpq krn ^wqr
hI hY [

ieh sWtw klws jW isMtr klws nW syNt inkols nW qoN bdl ky bixAw hY [ ies nW dy eIsweI Drm iv`c iqMn
sMq hoey hn [ ie`k 280 AD iv`c pyYdw hoieAw sI Aqy qurkI iv`c iezmIr crc dw ibSp bixAw [ aus dy mrn
aupRMq kuJ ivaupwrI ies dIAW h`fIAW ietlI ilAwey ijnHW nUM bwrI dy sQwn qy d`ibAw igAw qy 1087 AD nUUM ies
au~pr ie`k mMdr bxw id`qw igAw [
45

dUsrw swntw klws ieSkI sI ijs ny kwnUMn dI aulMGxw krky SwhI Kwndwn dI ie`k lVkI nwl ieSk rcwieAw
Aqy 14 PrvrI 269 AD nUM bwdSwh klwfIAs dy hukm nwl PWsI lwieAw igAw [ 350 AD iv`c ies dy nW
qy mMdr bxwieAw igAw Aqy 496 AD iv`c pop glysIAs ny 14 PrvrI nUM vYilMtweIn fy GoSq krky ieSk muSk
nUM pRvwngI dy id`qI [ ies idn eIsweI ivAwh krnw piv`qr smJdy hn qy mMufy kuVIAW Ku`lHm K`ulHw Awpxy ieSk
dw iezhwr krdy hn [
qIsrw syNt vYilMtweIn ientrmnw (Intermna ijs dw nW A`j klH trnI Terni hY qy rom qoN 60 mIl dUr hY)
iv`c hoieAw hY [ ies nUM vI 14 PrvrI 269 AD nUM kql kIqw igAw mMinAw jWdw hY[

26

27

inrwdr leI nhIN sI sgo N igR h sq jIvn dy sO K qy sPlqw leI

kIqw jWdw sI[ ku`J sMpRdwvW iv`c BYx BrwvW iv`ckwr SwdI hox dw rvwj

kWf 4
ihMdU, bu`D Aqy jYn DrmW iv`c nwrIAW dw sQwn

vI sI ijs nUM smwijk pRvwxgI iml jWdI sI [48 blwqkwr, ivAwh qoN
bwhrly ilMg-sbMD Aqy Agvw kwrI Awidk kukrm hOlI hOLI Awm ho
rhy sn[
shury Gr iv`c vhutI nUM pUrn siqkwr imldw sI Aqy auh idErW,

4.1 vydk kwl

vydk kwl iv`c nwrIAW nUM bxdw mwn snmwn id`qw jWdw sI[ pirvwr
iv`c pqnI dw sQwn siqkwr qy soBw vwlw sI[ aus nUM sihDrmxI kih ky
invwijAw jWdw sI[ swry smwijk Aqy Dwrimk kwrjW iv`c nwrI dw Bwg
lYxw bhuq zrUrI huMdw sI (irg vyd 8-31)[46 ijs iksy gqI-ivDI iv`c
nwrI Swml nhIN sI huMdI aus nUM sMpUrx hoieAw nhIN sI mMinAw jWdw[
suhxy vsqr pihn ky Aqy gihixAW nwl sj Dj ky nwrI bgYr ichrw
Fkx qoN hr pRkwr dy smwgmW iv`c suqMqrqw nwl Bwg lY skdI sI[
ivDvw nUM dUjI SwdI krn dI AwigAw sI[ nwrI nUM mwqw mhwn krky

jyTW, nxdW Awidk aupr GrylU pRbMDkI muAwmilAW iv`c pUrn AiDkwr
rKdI sI (irg vyd 190-2)[ vyd iv`c ie`k pqI dw izkr imldw hY jo
AwpxI pqnI nUM kihMdw hY , s`s shury Aqy idaurW jyTW nwl Gr dI rwxI
vWg ivvhwr krnw[ vydk rIqI Anuswr kIqw hoieAw ivAwh At`ut
mMinAw jWdw sI[ bwl ivAwh dI iprq nhIN sI (irg vyd 85:21-2)[
ie`k purK ie`k nwrI vwlI pRQw dw hI rvwj sI pr ikqy ikqy ies inXm
dI aulMGxw krky KWdy pINdy mrdW iv`c dUjy ivAwh dw rvwj vI c`l ipAw
sI[

siqkwirAw jWdw sI Aqy auh Awid-SkqI dI pRqIk mMnI jWdI sI[

DIAW dI ividAw au`qy iksy pRkwr dI koeI bMdS nhIN sI Aqy auh

iesqRIAW lMmy kys rKdIAW Aqy pUrI sMNBwl krdIAW sn[ kMGI krn,

AiDAwqimk igAwn pRwpqI qy swDnw duAwrw ivkws krn dw pUrw pUrw

suhj vrqx Aqy gu`q jW jUVw krn dw rvwj smwj dy hr vrg iv`c ie`ko

h`k rKdIAW sn[ lVkIAW dI iv`idAw leI vydk pwTSwlw nUM CwqrI-

ijhw sI (cqurS kpRdw irg vyd 10: 114.3)[ nwrI Gr dw dIpk sI Aqy

Swlw ikhw jWdw sI (irg vyd 6:2-8)[49 pVHIAW ilKIAW nwrIAW nUM

aus nUM Gr dI pRSwSk mMinAW jWdw sI[

purKW dy brwbr mwnqw id`qI jWdI sI[ pUjw pwT iv`c brwbrI qoN ielwvw

Awm krky bhuqy ivAwh svMbr (Awpxw pqI Awp cunxw) dI rIqI
nwl huMdy sn Aqy svMbr dw h`k hr lVkI nUM bRwbr pRwpq sI[ jvwn
kuVIAW jMqk rUp iv`c inDVk ho ky d`s idMdIAW sn ik auh iks pRkwr dw
pqI cwhuMdIAW hn qy aus dI kI Xogqw hovy (irg vyd 10:27.12)[
ivAwh aupRMq vhutI mwipAW dy GroN shury Gr pwlkI iv`c jWdI sI [
smwj dy inrDn qbikAW iv`c ieh rvwj vI ikDry ikDry sI ik SwdISudw purK nUM ivAwhuqw nwrI Awpxy mwipAW dy Gr lY jWdI sI [47 ieh
46

XqR pUjIAMqy nwirAsqU rvMqy qqr dyvqw (ijQy nwrI dw siqkwr hovy auQy dyvqy vI Aw jWdy hn)

Arunwcl pRdyS iv`c Ks nW dI ie`k sMprdw Ajy vI hY ij`Qy jwiedwd vI iesqRI dy hI nwm huMdI hY [ iesqRI hI
purK nUM ivAwh ky mwipAW dy Gr ilAwauNdI hY [ AOrq hr kMm iv`c lIfr mMnI jWdI hY [

47

28

auh POjI dy rUp iv`c Bwg lYx dw vI pUrw h`k rKdIAW sn[ ies g`l
irg vyd iv`c auSoDw qy pUSWn, prUkw Aqy nrmdw, nhUsw Aqy ivrwjw Aqy su`Kw qy pwvrI dy ivAwhW dw
izkr imldw hY jo BYx Brw sn [ bRhmw irSI ny vI AwpxI puqRI sqrUpw nwl ivAwh krvwieAw mMinAw
jWdw hY [ irg vyd dy mMfl 10 suUkq 86 iv`c Slok nMbr 10,11,13,14,23 iv`c do BYx Brw Xm Aqy
XmI Xon ikRAw Aqy kwm kRIVw bwry KulHI iv`cwr krdy hn jo Aj dy zmwny iv`c byh`d ASlIl mMnI
jwvygI[ ho skdw hY aus zmwny iv`c AOrqW dI igxqI Gt hox krky BYx BrwvW iv`ckwr ivAwh pRvwx
kr ley jWdy hox[ Aijhw imsr dyS iv`c Esirs (Osiris) ny AwpxI BYx iess (Isis) nwl ivAwh
krvwky kIqw vI mMinAw jWdw hY [
48

Awm krky iksy kbIly dw ivAwh ausy kbIly iv`c huMdw sI [ augrsYn, kMs, s`qrwij`q, vwsdyv,
iSSpwl, swry dy swry Xwdv sn Aqy XwdvW dy hI ivAwhy hoey sn [ sky mwmy jW cwcy dI DI nwl vI
ivAwh ho jWdw sI [ ikRSn jI Awpxy cwcy sqrwij`q dy Gr ivAwhy hoey sn [ ikRSn jI dw lVkw
prd`mx Awpxy sky mwmy rukmeIAw dI DI nwl ivAwihAw hoieAw sI [
49

ieh skUl Awm krky KWdy pINdy pirvwrW dIAW lVkIAW nUM vydk is`iKAw idMdy sn

29

dy pRmwx vI imldy hn ik ku`J vyd mMqR iesqRIAW dI ikrq hn[ AYsIAW

ipAw52 Aqy ies qrHW sqI dI pRQw nUM Dwrimk Prz vwlI mwxqw imlxI

bu`DI jIvI iesqRIAW dy nW irg vyd iv`c iml jWdy hn ijvyN ik Aplw,

AwrMB ho geI[ CotI aumr dy ivAwh Awm ho gey [53 jMmdIAW lVkIAW

ivSvrw, lomwpRdw Aqy invwvrI Awidk[ vyd ienHW nUM irSI p`d nwl

nUM mwrnw iek Awm ijhI rsm bx geI[54

Xwd krdw hY ikauNik ienHW dy bcn auqikRSt rcnwvW hn[

50

mhWirSI ivSvwim`qR ny nwrI nUM `jXoiqsnw (pRkwS pRdwqw) dI

AOrqW mrdW leI Kyfxy smwn ho geIAW Aqy pqnI cunx vyly cMgIAW
AOrqW dI Bwl krnw ie`k inXm ijhw bx igAw[ qYiqRRX sMmihqw ny

siqkwr vwLI sMigAw id`qI sI[

cMgIAW iesqRIAW nUM vI nIvyN drjy iv`c r`K ky iesqRIAW nUM hor inrwdrpUrn

4.2 au~qr-vydk kwl

siQ`qI iv`c lY AWdw[ ies iv`c iliKAw hY , ie`k nyk nwrI iksy bd

vydk kwl qoN ip`CoN Awaux vwly smyN iv`c vydk kwl dI mhwnqw
Aqy ie^lwkI au~cqw vwlI siQ`qI nUM Korw l`gxw SurU ho igAw[ sRI vHIlr
(Wheeler) AwpxI pusqk Swrt ihstrI (pMnw 51) iv`c ilKdy hn,
pRwcIn ihMdU rwijAW dy smyN dy Bwrq dI vwsqivk siQ`qI dw Anumwn
lwauxw muSikl hY pRMqU ie`k gl spSt hY ik swry aup-mhWdIp dI
hwlq iv`c au~Ql pu`Ql Aqy AinSicqqw sI[ mhwqmw bu`D (623
pU.eI) dy smyN qoN hI bu`D Drm bVI qyzI nwl Aqy pUrn SkqI nwl
bRwhmxvwd Aqy ies dy aupdySW dw ivroD krdw Aw irhw sI[ 185
pU:eI iv`c mhwrwjw ASok dy poqry ibRhdwrQ nUM aus dy bRwhmx kmWfr
puSXim`qr ny kql kr id`qw ijs kwrn bhuq swrIAW AMqR-Drm
sms`iAwvW KVHIAW ho geIAW Aqy JgVy vDy[

51

keI X`uD kyvl rwjsI

jW Dwrimk srdwrI is`D krn leI hI lVy gey[ hr pwsy lhU f`uilHAw
Aqy qbwhI hoeI[ ies ADogqI dy smyN iv`c nwrIAW nwl sB qoN v`D
duKWq vwpirAw[ ienHW dI iksy ny koeI swr nw leI ijs dy h`Q l`gI

clx mrd nwloN vI mwVI hY[ mYqRIXwn sMmihqw ny nwrI nUM JUT dw
pulMdw kih ky BMifAw[ dwj dyx lYx dI kurIqI Awm ho geI[ purK nUM
bhu-nwrI ivAwh dI KulHI AwigAw iml geI qy ies nUM kwnMUnI qOr qy
pRvwx kr ilAw igAw[ AOrqW nUM Awm cIjW vWg KRIidAw vyicAw jwx l`g
ipAw qy ienHW nUM pYsy dy ky ikrwey qy lY lYx dw rvwj vI c`l ipAw [55 bhuq
swrIAW ivDvwvW ZulwmI, bdnwmI Aqy jwnvrW vrgI ijMdgI jIx

56

qoN

b`cx leI Awpxy surgvwsI pqI dy Brw nwl ivAwh krvw lYNdIAW sn jW
sqI dI rsm dw izkr pihlI vwr iesy smyN hoieAw imldw hY [bic`qR nwtk Anuswr rwm cMdr Aqy ausdy BrwvW
dIAW iesqrIAW ny sqI dI rsm dw AwrMB kIqw iqhAn kI iesqrI iqh AweI ] sMg sqI hvY surg
isDweI(bic`qR nwtk 856)

52

ie`k 30 swl dy mrd nUM iksy 12 swl dI suMdr lVkI nwl SwdI krnI cwhIdI hY [ 24 swl dy mrd nUM iksy
8 swl dI lVkI nwl ivAwh rcwauxw cwhIdw hY [ jy kMm kwrn CyqI loV pY jwvy qW ies qoN CotI aumr dI nwl SwdI
krvw lvy (mnUM ismrqI 9-94)

53

A man, aged thirty years, shall marry a maiden of twelve who pleases him, or a man of
twenty-four a girl of eight years of age; if (the performance of) his duties would otherwise
be impeded, he must marry sooner.[Manu IX.94]
54

Koh iKMJ ky lY igAw[ ienHW dy h`k iv`c nwArw mwrn vwlw vI koeI

Tasmat striyam jatam parasyanti ut pumamsam haranti(Hence they reject a female child when born, and take up a male. (Taittrya. Samhita. VI.5.10.3- by Muir I. 26)

nhIN sI[ ivDvw AOrqW nUM pqI nwl vI sVn mrn qy mzbUr hoxw

55

ie`k lVkI gwrgI ny Xwjnwvwilkw irSI Aqy aus nwl Awey ie`k hzwr bRhmxw nUM igAwn goStI
iv`c hrw id`qw sI [ vwckwnwvI ny rwjy jnk dy drbwr iv`c bRwhmxW nwl bihs krky aunHW nUM
hrwieAw [[ mYqRI nW dI lVkI ihMdU Drm dI sB qoN v`fI ivdvwn mMnI jWdI sI [ irg vYd iv`c hor
iesqRIAW dy nwm vI iml jWdy hn ijvyN, drGwqmws Aqy nODw Awidk jo Drm SwSqr iv`c ivdvwn
iesqRIAW mMnIAW jWdIAW sn[
50

rwjy XXwqI ny AwpxI AqI suMdr pu`qRI mwDvI nUM Awpxy gurU Zwlv nUM krwey au~pr dy id`qw[ Zwlv ny A`gy ies
lVkI nUM vwrI vwrI iqMn hor rwijAW nUM ikrwey au~pr id`qw[ ies qoN bwAd ieh ivSvwim`qR kol clI geI qw ie`Qy
ies nUM ie`k pu`qR jnimAw[ hux suMdrqw Kqm ho geI sI ies leI muV ipqw dy Gr vwV id`qI geI[ (dyKo gurmq
pRkwS sqMbr 1999 pMnw 41 SromxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI)[ hYrwnI hY ik AOrq dI pUjw kdoN SurU hoeI[ A`j
n`by PI sdI ihMdU shuM dyvI dI hI kihMdy hn[
aus dy vwl k`t idqy jwx, auh Q`ly sOvyN, su`kw tukr Kwvy Aqy dUsirAW dy lwhy hoey kpVy pihny (nwrd Drm
SwSqr pMnw 8)

56

puSXimqR ny 100,000 boDI swD swDvIAW nUM mrvwieAw Aqy 84000 boDI mMdr Fwhy gey [ ip`CoN rwjw
milMd ny iesy qrHW ihMdUAW dw kql krvwieAw [

ivDvw jy kr ivAwh krvwvy qW bySrm byhXw hY Aqy Agly jnm iv`c igdVI ho ky jnm lYNdI hY (mnuMU ismrqI
kWf 10 Slok nMbr 123 Aqy kWf 5 Slok nMbr 155, 157 Aqy 164 dyKo )

30

31

51

sqI hoxw TIk smJdIAW sn[ AOrq dw iksy jwiedwd Awidk au~pr koeI

nwrIAW Apiv`qR sn[ auh vyd pwT, gRih sMskwr Aqy Dwrimk rIqW

h`k nhIN sI mMinAw jWdw[

rsmW krn dw AiDkwr AOrq nUM nhIN idMdw (mnUM 2:66 Aqy 9:18)[

hOlI hOlI smwj zwqW pwqW Aqy SRyxIAW iv`c vMifAw igAw

57

Aqy

pr-vs hoey SUdrW dIAW AOrqW nwl au`c vrg dy bMidAW vloN D`ky nwl
bxwey ilMg sbMDW Aqy ivAwh-SwdIAW sbMDI nvINAW sm`isAwvW pYdw
ho geIAW[ Bgvq gIqw ivc vrnx hY ik, hy Arjn ADrm Aqy
pwp PYlx kwrn cMgy pRvwrW dIAW iesqRIAW ivgV geIAW hn[ hy
vrsnyAw ienHW ivgVIAW AOrqW kwrn zwqW iek dUjI ivc rl g`f
ho geIAW hn (gIqw 1.41)[ ies pRsiQ`qI nwl nij`Tx leI ihMdU

auh ilKdw hY ik nwrIAW purKW dIAW syvkwvW jW dwsIAW hn[ ieh

mrd dI brwbrI nhIN kr skdIAW[ inXm ieh sI ik DIAW, BYxW,
pqnIAW Awpxy ipqw, Brw jW pqI Awidk dI ingrwnI Aqy dyK ryK
iv`c rihx[ bwl AvsQw iv`c pu`qrI ipqw dI sMBwl iv`c rhy, jvwnI
iv`c pqI dI AwigAw iv`c rhy Aqy pqI dI mOq aupRMq Awpxy puqRW
dy ADIn rhy[ nwrI iksy vI suUrq iv`c suqMqr rUp iv`c nw rhy (mnMU
inXmwvlI AiDAwX 5 :148)

Aqy boDI Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIqk AwgUAW ny smwj au~pr Awpxw C`pw

mnUM Anuswr AOrqW dw Prz sI Awpxy pqI nUM prmySr jwx ky

bxweI r`Kx leI mn mrzI dy nvyN nvyN inXm GVny SurU kr id`qy

syvw krnw[ pu`qR dw jnm SuB mMinAw jWdw sI ikauNik auh Awpxy ipqw

Aijhy ivDwn-swz Awpo iv`c aulJdy, lVdy, bihsdy Aqy tkrwauNdy

dI mukqI dw swDn bxdw sI[ ies dy ivpRIq DI dy jnm qy mMd Bwvnw

rihMdy sn[ iehI kwrn hY ik ies smyN iv`c ilKIAW geIAW

pYdw huMdI sI ies leI iGrxw vjoN aus nMU p`Qr ikhw jWdw sI[ inXm

ismrqIAW,aupinSdW Awidk pusqkW iv`c svY-ivroDI iv`cwr Awm iml

ieh bx igAw sI ik AOrq Gr dI cwrdIvwrI iv`c rhy, Gr dw kMm

jWdy hn[ ies kwl dw prmuK kwnUMndwn mnMU irSI sI [59 mnUM Anuswr

kwj kry, b`cy pwly Aqy Gr dw ihswb sMBwly[ SyRxI vMf Anuswr iesqrI

iesqRI kyvl qohPy vjoN Dn lY skdI hY pr jwiedwd au~pr aus dw

dw drjw SuUdr dy brwbr sI[ ku`J ivdvwn qW ieh vI ilKdy hn ik

koeI h`k nhI (mnUM ismrqI 8:416)[ irSI mnMU dy iv`cwr Anuswr

A`j 21 vIN sdI iv`c vI ihMdU Aorq SUdr hY [ ie`QoN q`k ik ausnUM

58

gwieqRI mMqr q`k pVHx jW sunx dI AwigAw nhIN[

60

57

The four orders of society (viz., the Brahman, the Ksatriya, the Vaisya and the
Sudra) were created by me classifying them according to their prenatal qualities and
apportioning corresponding duties to them. Says Lord Krishna in Gita (Chapter 4
verse 13) Arjuna the duties of Brahmans, Ksatriyas and Vaisyas, as well as of Sudras
are divided according to the qualities born of their respective natures.(Gita 18.41).
Cultivation, protection of cows and trade are the Vaisyas duty, born of his own
nature.Service of all castes is the Sudras duty, born of his own nature. (Gita 18.44)
bRwhmx qoN ibnW hor sB zwqW nUM pVHx ilKx dI mnwhI sI[ The secret teaching should never
be imparted to a man without austerity (Gita 18.67)
58

ies smyN dw pRis`D ihMdU ivdvwn ilKwrI mnUM hoieAw hY ijs ny AwpxI mnUM ismrqI iv`c 27000 Slok
ilKy[ ie`k hor ihMdU ivdvwn XwXnwvwilkw ny 1000 Slok ilKy qy ApxI v`KrI ismrqI bxweI[ mnUM
ilKdw hYy ik bRwhmx SuUdr lVkIAW nwl SwdI kr skdy hn (mnUM ismrqI 3:13) pr XwXnwvwilkAw
ies dy s^q ivru`D sI [ mnUM inXog (iksy Aorq dw b`cy pyYdw krn leI Epry bMdy nwl sMBog) nUM BMfdw
hY (mnUM ismrqI 9:59-68) pr XwXnwvwilkAw ies dI purzor pRoVHqw krdw hY [ mnUM AOrqW nUM jwiedwd
dI mwlkI dyx dy ivru`D ilKdw hY Aqy XwXnwvwilkAw AOrq dw jwiedwd au~pr pihlw h`k mMndw hY[
fwktr AMbydkr Anuswr mnUM ny AwpxI mW SrwDw nwl ivAwh krvwieAw sI qy ies iv`c auh koeI pwp
nhIN sI smJdw (pVHo ihMdU Drm dIAW buJwrqW) ie`k ismrqI nwrd ny vI ilKI[ auh mnUM Aqy

59

32

mnUM ny ienswn dI aumr 100 swl klp ky iesnUM cwr BwgW iv`c vMf
id`qw sI[ 75 swl dI aumr aupRMq hr ihMdU nUM sinAws AwSRm iv`c pRvyS
XwXnwvwilkAw dohW nwl myl nhIN KWdI[ auh inXog (80:8) Aqy ie`k qoN v`D AorqW nwl ivAwhW dy
h`k iv`c sI (4:97) pr ivDvw AOrq nUM jwiedwd dyx dy ivru`D sI[ nwrd ilKdw hY ik rwjw ivBcwrI
Aqy inrl`j hovy qW vI pUjxXog hY iesy qrHW AOrq vI Awpxy ivBcwrI Aqy ivgVy pqI nUM pRmwqmw smJ
ky pUjw kry[ (dyKo pRwikrnkw 2:2) [ ismrqIAW kwPI lyt smyN q`k vI ilKIAW jWdIAW rhIAW[ ie`k
ismrqI Alw-au-dIn i^ljI dy smyN sMn 1324 iv`c vI ilKI geI[ ies dw ilKwrI cMdRySvr sI ijs
nUM ies dy iLKx krky sony nwl qoilAw igAw sI[ ismrqIAW ie`k dUjI nwl myl nhIN KWdIAW[ hux q`k
31 ismrqIAW iml cu`kIAW hn[ Akbr dy smyN bRwhmxW ny ie`k A`lw aupinSD vI ilK mwirAw sI[
mnUM dI ismrqI ies leI izAwdw pRis`D ho geI ikauNik mnUM nUM swrw igAwn Bgvwn ikRSn ny Awp id`qw
sI[ Bgvwn jI gIqw iv`c ilKdy hn, mYN ieh Xog igAwn ivvwsvwn (sUrj dyvqw) nUM id`qw ijsny Agy
ieh igAwn Awpxy pu`qr mnUM nUM id`qw[ mnMU ny ieho igAwn Awpxy p`uqr ieksvwkU nUM id`qw (dyKo gIqw
AiDAwey 4 Slok 1)
60
The Hindu woman,religiously,is a Sudra and is not entitled to the Gaytri Mantra
(D.P.Mukerjee modern culture p.17)

33

krn dw hukm sI[ ies aumr iv`c auh sMswr iqAwg ky jMglW iv`c jw ky

d`isAw igAw [

rihMdw sI Aqy Awpxy Dwry hoey gurU dy hukm Anuswr bwkI dw jIvn

sRI rwmcMdr dI pqnI sIqw nUM cu`k ky lY igAw sI ies leI auh duSt

ibqwauNdw sI[ (mnuMU ismrqI 9-11)[ ie`k AMdwzy Anuswr Bwrq dy lg pg

sI [

A`Dy lok aus vyly jMgl vwsI ho gey sn[

nwrI (pMjW BrwvW dI ie`ko pqnI dropdI) jUey iv`c hwr id`qI ijs nwl

66

65

pr nwl hI ieh ielzwm vI lwieAw igAw ik auh

pWfo Brw bhuq bhwdr Aqy isAwwxy sn pr aunHW ny AwpxI pWco

smwj iv`c bRhwmx kol bySumwr SkqI Aqy AiDkwr sn[ Awp BRSt

BrwvW iv`c Xu`D hoieAw[ aunHW dy ccyry Brw dropdI nUM sjy dIvwn iv`c swry

hox auprMq auh keI ApRmwxq rcnwvW vI ismRqIAW Aidk gRMQW dw Bwg

pirvwr dy swhxyy inrvsqr krdy hn pr koeI bu`Fw bzurg kuskdw q`k

bxw dyx iv`c sMkoc nhIN sI krdw [61 AwpxI cirqR-hIxqw nUM Cupwaux

nhIN[ ie`k mOky vydW iv`c ieMdr dyvqy nMU ie`k mhwn dyvqw mMinAw igAw

leI auh keI vwr Awpxy pRiqSTq AiDAwqmk AwgUAW dy cirqR qy vwr

Aqy aus dIAW isPqW dy pul bMNnHy gey pr hux auhI dyvqw ibBcwrI ho

krnoN vI nhIN sI tldw[ Boly Bwly AxpVH lokW nUM ip`Cy lwaux leI keI

igAw[

prkwr dIAW mnGVq khwxIAW vI GV lYNdw sI [

ilKy pRMqU aus nUM ivBcwrI Aqy kukrmI iliKAw igAw hY[ iSvjI vI iqMn

62

jy ie`k qoN vD

ivAwh krvwauNdw sI qW ies nUM TIk d`sx leI ienHW kihxw hI kwPI
sI ik SwnqnMU irSI dIAW sO pqnIAW sn jW sRI ikRSn dIAW 360
gopIAW sn[

63

so ies smyN JUTy pRsMgW Aqy sMidGD gRMQW iv`c bhuq

vwDw ho i eAw[ pu r wxW iv` c Any k W hI nw mM n x Xo g kQwvW ilK

id`qIAW geIAW sn[64 rwvx nUM cwr vydW dw igAwqw Aqy mhW pMfq
61

True was overwhelmed by false.The chaos of Brahmanical religion with all its conflicting theories reached a climax.The period was one of spiritual dryness. Truth had
hardened into tradition and morality stiffened into routine. Life became a series of
observances.The mind of man moved within the iron circle of prescribed
ceremonialism(Indian Philosophy By Dr. Radha Krishnan former president of India)

67

bRhmw dyvqw sMswr dw krqw mMinAW jWdw hY ijs ny cwr vyd

prmuK dyviqAW iv`coN ie`k hY pr auh vI ivBcwrI sI[

68

jy koeI ieh

dyKo bwlmIkI rwmwiex ij`Qy rwvx nUM keI QweIN mhW ivdvwn pMfq iliKAw igAw hY (bwlmIkI
rwmwiex 5.6.13, 5.10.15, 6.10.11) hor pVHo Ramayna researched By P.H.Gupta P.154)
65

rwmwiex dI khwxI kdoN vwprI ies bwry koeI p`kw smW inSicq nhIN [ kuJ ihMdU ivdvwnW Aqy gurU
swihb dw Anumwn hY ik ieh Gtnw qRyqy iv`c vwprI qy ilKI geI [(qRyqy qy mwixE rwmu rGuvMsu khwieE[
pMnw 1390) [ cOhW vydW iv`c ies khwxI dw koeI izkr nhIN imldw [ 800 pU:eI iv`c SqpQ bRwhmx
nW dw gRMQ ricAw igAw pr aus iv`c vI ies dw koeI izkr nhIN imldw [ pihlI vwr ies khwxI dw
izkr ie`k boDI gRMQ dsrQ jwqkw iv`c hoieAw imldw hY [ ieh pusqk pMjvIN sdI pUrb eIsvI iv`c
ilKI geI [ ies iv`c izkr hY ik rwmcMdr nW dw ie`k ivAkqI bnwrs iv`c pYdw hoieAw Aqy aus ny
AwpxI ByYx sIqw nwl ivAwh krvwieAw [ bwkI dI khwxI lgBg auhI hY jo Aj klH suxdy hW [ sMBv
hY ik bwlmIk ny ieh khwxI QoVI QoVI bdl id`qI hovy[ ipCoN qulsI jI vloN ilKI rwmwiex Aqy
bwlmIk dI rwmwiex dy vyrvy vI ie`k dUjI nwl myl nhIN KWdy [
66

mhWBwrq 1200 pU:eI dy nyVy qyVy vwprI mMnI jWdI hY [ mhWBwrq Anuswr ieMdr ny goqm dI pqnI
Ah`ilAw nwl ivBcwr kIqw[ goqmu qpw AhilAw iesqRI iqsu dyiK ieMdR luBwieAw[ (pMnw 1344)[
dwieAs Aqy gaU nIligrI dw pu`qr ieMdr ie`k susq Aqy ivhlV dyvqw idKwieAw igAw hY jo suMdr
Ap`srwvW (rMBw, aurvSI mynkw Awidk) dy nwc dyKx iv`c msq rihMdw sI Aqy dyviqAW kol znwnIAW
nUM Byj ky aunHW dI qp`isAw BMg krnw ies dw SuZl sI [ ies nUM hnyrI, mINh, ibjlI Aqy grj dw
dyvqw vI mMinAw jWdw hY [ ip`CoN dIAW ilKqW iv`c ies nUM surg dw rwjw d`isAw igAw hY [ rmwiex iv`c
ies ny rwvx qoN hwr KwDI sI Aqy rwvx ies nUM cu`k ky lY igAw sI [ dyviqAW ny ies nUM Cufvwaux leI
bynqIAW kIqIAW qW rwvx ny ies Srq aupr ieMdr nUM C`f id`qw ik ies dy bdly rwvx nUM Amr hox
dw vr id`qw jwvy [ ieh g`l dyviqAW ny mMn leI [
67

In the course of time (ie by 700 BC) a voluminous body of prose literature came into
existence. The Brahman became attached to the four Vedas( History of religions by
E.O.James page 71)
Some well-meaning Hindu intellectuals called the Brahmans of their time a procession
of dogs (See Chandok Upnishad or read gurU nwnk iv`cwr AiDAn P.271-281)
iSvjI gMgw nUM surg iv`coN ies leI ilAwieAw ik rwjy swgr dy 60,000 p`qRW dI rwK pivqR ho jwvy jo ie`k irSI
dy srwp nwl mr gey sn [ BwgIrQ ny qp kIqw pr gMgw dI Dwrw dw zor nW qoV sikAw ies leI iSvjI ny swrI
gMgw Awpxy kySW iv`c hI smw leI [ Agsq irSI sMswr dy swry smuMdrW dw pwxI pI igAw [ iSvjI ny cMd nUM P`ul
smJ ky Awpxy kySW iv`c tuMg ilAw [

62

bicqR nwtk Anuswr rwmcMdr leI sohxIAW sohxIAW kuVIAW cIn Aqy mwncUrIAw qoN mMgvweIAW geIAW [
dey cIn mcINnMq dysM, mhW suMdRI cyrkw cwr kysM (681) bwlmIkI rmwiex Anuswr rwm cMdr ny Awp hnUmwn
nUM qohPw id`qw ijs iv`c 16 kMvwrIAW suMdr nOjvwn kuVIAW Aqy 100 gaUAW sn[(bwlmIkI rmwiex srg 125
Slok 44) [ kuJ lokW dw i^Awl hY ik bwlmIk cOQI sdI pU:eI iv`c hoieAw pr ku`J ihMdU ivdvwn aus dw jnm
184 pU:eI dw ilKdy hn [
63

ies dw rMg sony vrgw hY Aqy ieh sony dy rQ iv`c bYT ky inkldw hY ijs nUM 10,000 GoVy iKcdy hn[
ies dIAW cwr bwhW hn Aqy ieh hwQI dI svwrI krdw hY ijs dw nW AYrwvq hY[ ies dw iTkwxw myrU
prbq au~pr hY Aqy ies ny Awly duAwly dy phwVW dy KMB ies leI kt id`qy sn ikauNik auh ies leI
rukwvt bxdy sn[

suAwmI idAw nMd nUM iksy ny pu`iCAw ik qusIN purwxW nUM shI ikauN nhIN mMndy? idAwnMd dw au~qr sI, zihr Bry
Kwxy nUM koeI ikauN Kwvy[

iSv purwn (sqI KMf 2.19) iv`c ies nUM pr nwrI sMBogqw dy rUp iv`c pRsquq kIqw igAw hY [ iSvjI
nMgw hoky dyviqAW dIAW znwnIAW mgr B`j qurdw sI ies leI aus nUM Awpxw nr AMg ktvwauxw ipAw
(dyKo iSv purwx rudr 4.12)

34

35

64

68

dlIl idMdw sI ik pihlW Aijhw nhIN sI huMdw qW kih id`qw jWdw sI ik

iqMn SOk hn PzUl bihs krnw, k`jl Aqy sMDUr lwauxw jW iPr du`D,

hr Xug dw Drm v`Krw huMdw hY sB nUM hux d`isAw jWdw Drm mMnxw cwhIdw

sMgIq Aqy jvweI nwl pRym[ (qIAwh iqMn ipAwrie, klI, surmw, sMDUr]

hY Aqy purwxIAW pRMprwgq ivDIAW ivSvwSW nUM iqAwg dyxw cwhIdw hY

Anie iqMn ipAwrie du`D, jMvwie au qURr)[ lVkIAW nUM mwrn dw irvwj

(mnUuM ismrqI kWf 1 Slok 85)[ mnMU ismrqI dy ies iv`cwr nUM BweI

72

gurdws jI ny Awpxy SbdW iv`c ies qrHW iliKAw hY :

ieiqhws dsdw hY ik skMdr mhwn dy hmly vyly (326 pU:eI) sqI dw

qy R u q y C` q R I rU p Dr sU r j vM S I vf Avqwrw ]
nauN ihsy geI Awrjw mwXw moh AhMkwr pswrw [
duAwpur jwdv vys kr jug jug AauD GtY Awcwrw]
irgbyd mihM bRhmikRq pUrb muK SuB krm ibcwrw]
KqRI Qwpy jjur vyd dKx muK bhu dwn dwqwrw ]
vYSoN QwipAw swm vyd pCm muK kr sIs invwrw]
irg nILMbr jjur pIq svyqMbr kr isAwm suDwrw ]
iqRh jugIN qRY Drm aucwrw ]
bRwhmx nUM hr pRkwr dy doSW qoN mukq kr id`qw igAw sI [69 auh Awpxy
jjmwnW pwsoN GoVy, hwQI, gaU, Anwj Aqy ie`QoN q`k ik aunHW dI AOrq vI
mMgx dw h`k rKdw sI[ ies bwry gurbwxI dw Purmwn hY, Asu dwn gj
dwn ishjw nwrI BUim dwn ] AYso dwnu inq inqih kIjY (pMnw 973) qQw
ArpY nwir sIgwr smyiq (pMnw 875)70 bhu-nwrI

71

Aqy bhu-purKI

ivAwhW dw irvwj pRiclq ho igAw[ bwl ivAwh, auDwlw BrUx h`iqAw,

ivDvw ivAwh aupr pwbMdI dy rvwj Awm ho gey[ bVy zor Sor nwl
prcwr kIqw igAw ik nwrI hI hr pRkwr dy pwpW dI jVH hY Aqy clwkIAW
cilqRW dw smUh hY[ BgIrQ Anuswr AOrq nUM smJ skxw lgBg nwmumkn
hY (qRX icRqrm purSSX Bwgm)[ sompRBUsUrI ny iliKAw ik AOrq dy ieh
bRwhmx bdclx vI pUjx Xog hY [(pRwSr sMmihqw AiDAwey 6) syeIey ivpR igAwn gux hInw, SUdr
n syeIey igXwn pRbInw ] (qulsI dws) [
69

igAw dy rwjy qoN bRwhmx ny iesqRI mMg leI [ rwjy ny bVIAW bynqIAW kIqIAW ik hor ku`J mMg lvy
pr bRwhmx nw mMinAw [ AwKr rwxI ny Awqm Gwq kr ky ie`zq bcweI [
70

iDrqrwStr dIAW 100 rwxIAW sn [ bhu nwrI, bhu-pqI Awidk Aqy bwl ivAwh dy rvwj Bwrq
iv`c ividAw dw pswrw nw hox kwrn Ajy vI ausy vyly qoN cwlU kIqy hoey cly Aw rhy hn hn ( pVoH Races
and cultures of India by Majumdar Asia Publishing House Bombay)[
71

36

Awm ho igAw Aqy sqI dw rvwj Drm dw prp`k AMg bx igAw[

rvwj Awm sI Aqy ies dIAW keI iksmW sn[ (1) swhmrn sqI iv`c
AOrq Awpxy pqI dI lwS nwl cMbV ky sV mrdI sI (2) AnUmrn sqI
iv`c pqI dI rwK,h`fIAW, kpVy jW qlvwr nwl sqI hooxw pYNdw sI (3)
mw sqI ies iv`c Awpxy moey pu`qR dy nwl sV ky mrnw pYNdw sI [ ikhw
jWdW sI ik sqI hoxw mhW puMn hY Aqy sqI surgW iv`c auqny swl AYS
krdI hY ijqny aus dy pqI dy sRIr au~pr vwl huMdy hn[ (dyKo pRwSr
sMmihqw AiDAwey 4)[ Awm krky AOrqW nUM D`k ky icqw iv`c su`t id`qw
jWdw sI [ grBvqIAW Aqy ku`CV cu`ky b`cy vwlIAW AOrqW nUM irAwieq dy
id`qI jWdI sI [ jo koeI AOrq iksy qrHW B`j ky / luk ky jwn bcw
lYNdI sI qW aus dw muV smwj pRvyS Aqy jwiedwd Awidk dw h`k mwirAw
jWdw sI [73
bwlmIkI rwmwiex (sRI rwm cMdr bwry ricq pRQm pusqk)74
Anuswr ihMdU Avqwr sRI rwm cMdr dy mn iv`c nwrIAW leI koeI bhuqw
72
rwjpUq 19vIN sdI qk vI AwpxIAW lVkIAW nUM mwrdy rhy[ ie`k AMdwzy Anuswr gujrwq dy KwrIjU
pirvwrW vloN hI hr swl 1,25000 lVkIAW mwrIAW jWdIAW sn[ AMgRyz srkwr ny ieh rsm knUMn
bMd krvweI sI [ pMjwb iv`c lOrf ivlIAm bYNitk ny 7 dsMbr 1829 nUM ieh rsm bMd krvweI[ pr
pMjwb Aqy rwjpUqwny iv`c ieh kwnNUn (iensdwd du^qr kuSI) 1847 iv`c lwgU hoieAw
73
sqI dI rsm bwry hor jwxkwrI Glossary of Tribes and castes by H.Rose iv`coN iml skdI hY[
mjumdwr Aqy pI.AYn cOpVw ny ies ivSy qy ie`k vDIAw ikqwb ilKI hY (Main currents of Indian
History ) ijs iv`c auh ilKdy hn ik keI sqI hox vwlIAW AOrqW A`g iv`cON Cwl mwr ky bwhr Aw
jWdIAW sn pr aunHW nUM D`ky nwl nrV ky Pyr s`uitAw jWdw sI [ sqI vrgw hI ie`k rvwj jOhr sI [
ies dw rvwj rwjpUqW iv`c Awm sI [ jdoN Akbr ny (20 AkqUbr 1567 qoN 23 PrvrI 1568) nUM
cqOV dy ikly dw Gyrw G`iqAw qW 30,00 rwjpUqwnI AOrqW ny sV ky jwn dy id`qI [ KoNNf Aqy kol zwqIAW
dy lok dyvIAW nUM KuS krn leI nOjvwn lVkIAW dI blI idAw krdy sn ijs nUM lOrf ivlIAm bYNitk
ny bMd krvwieAw [ ikDry ikDry ieho rsm nr-myD X`g dI sUrq iv`c vI cwlU sI [ ies X`g iv`c iksy
purS nUM ies leI kql kIqw jWdw sI qW jo dyvqy KuS ho jwx qy PsLW cMgIAW a`ugx[

mMinAw jWdw hY ik jdoN rwm cMdr ny sIqw nUM iqAwg id`qw sI qW bwlmIk ny hI aus nUM qy aus dy pu`qrW
nUM sWiBAW Aqy pwilAw sI [(?) ies dI ilKI rwmwiex sMsikRq BwSw iv`c hY Aqy ies dI kivqw nUM
auqikRSt kivqw mMinAw igAw hY [

74

37

Awdr siqkwr nhIN sI[ ies iv`c iliKAw hY ik rwvx nwl hox vwly

ie`Qy hI bs nhIN jd keI swlW bwAd rwm cMdr nUM ieh qs`lI

Xu`D iv`c jd aunHW dw Brwqw lCmx byhoS ho ky if`g ipAw qW rwm

ho geI ik auh sIqw nwl D`kw kr bYTw hY qW vI smwijk inrwdrI

cMdr jI ny hnuMUmwn nuMU ikhw ik auh Xu`D C`f ky CyqI dvweI lYx leI

qoN frdw mwrw sIqw nUM Gr ilAwaux dw hIAW nw kr sikAw[ jd sIqw

jwvy[ ieh kQn ieauN kIqw igAw hY, pqnIAW dw ivSyS mh`qv nhIN

dI Gr prqx dI bynqI vI pRvwx nw hoeI qW aus ny rwm cMdr dy

huMdw, ieh ij`QoN cwho QoVHy ijhy mu`l qy lY skdy ho pr Brw nhIN imldy

swhxy hI Awqm h`iqAw krn dw mn bxw ilAw Aqy srjU ndI iv`c

(bwlmIkI rwmwiex srg 101 Slok 15) jdoN rwvx nwl Xu`D smwpq

b`dlW iv`c CupI ibjlI vWg lY ho geI[ kt pRXMq jl mo lX kIno

hoieAw qW sRI rwmcMdr jI ny AwpxI pqnI nUM ieauN sMboDn kIqw,

iDAwn AKMf, Xog Xqn kir rwm kih PoiVXo inj pUmMf ] khy bcn

Awpxy duSmx nUM mwr ky mYN qYnUM Xu`D iv`c ij`qI vsqU vWg pRwpq kIqw

AMqu DXwn pRBU ijauN dwmnI Gn sON lXo ]nB jXiq jXjX jXkwr

hY[ mYN qW Awpxy Ku`sy gOrv nUM bhwl krn leI hI ieh Xu`D liVAw

jXjX jXiq nB lXo]

sI[ hux lokW ny myrI Xu`D SkqI vyK leI hY[ mYnMU rwvx mwrnw hI
pYxw sI qW jo mYN AwpxI inrwdrI dw bdlw lY skdw[ mYN qyrI ^wqr
Xu`D dw ^qrw nhIN sI shyiVAw(Xu`D kWf srg 115)

Asl iv`c rwmcMdr jI dw swrw pirvwr hI lok l`jw dw bMinHAw

hoieAw sI[ aunHw dw ipqw dsrQ lok l`jw qoN frdw mwrw rwxI kkeI
nUM id`qy vcn qoN nw mu`kr sikAw Aqy rwm cMdr nUM bxvws dy id`qw[

ieho g`l ipCON qulsI dws vloN ilKI rwmwiex iv`c imldI hY ik

aus dy Awpxy Sbd ies qrHW ilKy imldy hn, Apjs hoaU jg sujs

ieh jMg bdly dI Bwvnw nwl hI lVI geI sI qy sIqw dw auDwlw qW

bswaUN] nrk prauN vru sur puir jwaUN] Bu`K vyly rwm cMdr ny BIlxI

ie`k bhwnw hI sI[ rwm cMdr ny AYnI byie`zqI smJI sI ik aus nUM

dy jUTy byr Kw ley Aqy ikhw, khy rGupiq sunu BRwmin bwqw[ mwnoN

jMgl dy jwnvr Awidk vI lwhxqW pwauNdy idsx l`g pey sn[ nwir

eyk Bgiq kr nwqw(mYN qyry nwl BgqI dw nwqw rKdw hW zwq dw

sihq sB Kg imRg ibRMdw] mwnoN mor krq hYN inMdw] iehI nhIN aus

nhIN) ieho rwm cMdr nIc zwq dy SMBUk irSI nUM isrP ies krky mwr

nUM qW A`k DqUry vrgy bUty vI aus dI iK`lI aufwauNdy idsdy sn] sRIPl

idMdw hY ik Awpxy rwj iv`c Sudr nUM pRBU BgqI krn dI AwigAw dyx

knk kdil hrSwhIN, nYk n SMk skuc mn mwhIN (myry mn iv`c rqI

nwl lokW iv`c Apjs hovygw[ (bwlmIk rwmwiex auqR KMf 74-28 qoN

Br vI S`k nhIN ik nwrIAl, DqUrw qy kyly myrI hI iK`lI aufw rhy

76-48)

hn qy inrwdrI qy h`s rhy hn)

Apjs qoN fr ihMdU Drm dw Atu`t AMg irhw hY[ gIqw ivc ikRSn

jMg ij`qx auprMq Aqy rwj Bwg vwps pRwpq imlx aupRMq ie`k

jI Arjn nUM aupdyS idMdy hn, jy kr qUM ieh h`kI jMg nhIN lVyNgw

DobI dy imhxy nUM rwmcMdr shwr nw sikAw Aqy AgnI iv`c h`Q

qy Prz nhIN pCwxygw qW qyrw Apjs hovygw Aqy qYnUM pwp l`gygw[

puAw ky ausny sIqw dI cirqRR pRIKSw leI ijs iv`c auh piv`qR pweI

(AiDAwey 2 Slok 33) nhIN, lok dyr qk qYnMU lwhxqW pwauNdy rihxgy

geI[ qW vI rwm cMdr ny grBvqI pqnI nUM GroN bwhr k`F id`qw[

Aqy qyrw Apjs hovygw[ qyry vrgy sUrmy dw Apjs mOq nwloN vI BYVw

ie`k rwjw huMdw hoieAw auh DobI nUM koeI szw vI dy skdw sI pr ies

hY[ (AiDAwey 2 Slok 34)

qrHW ausdw Aqy ausdy pirvwr dw Apjs hoxw sI [ ieh swrw ku`J
soc ky sIqw nUM GroN k`Fxw hI AwpxI inMdw qoN bcx leI ibhqr
smiJAw igAw[

ies smyN sUqk pwqk ijhy vihm-Brm vI bRwhmxW vloN lokW iv`c pw
id`qy gey sn ijnHW dI vjHw krky smwj iv`c nwrI dw sQwn hor vI nIvW ho
igAw sI[ sUqk Anuswr ijs Gr iv`c b`cy ny jnm ilAw hovy aus Gr dy

38

39

jIAW nwl (bRwhmx 11 idn KqRI 13 idn,vYS 17 idn, Aqy SuUdr 30 idn

qulsI dws dy gurU rwmw nMd bwry ikhw jWdw hY ik ik auh AOrqW dy

q`k) smwj dy lok KWdy pINdy nhIN sn[ ies smyN aupRMq bRwhmx nUM bulw ky

au~Qwn Aqy smwjk ruqby nUM bVHOqI dyx dy h`k iv`c sn[

Gr piv`qR krvwieAw jWdw sI[ pwqk Anuswr ijs Gr mrg hoeI hovy

4.4 ADuink kwl

aus Gr dy lok igAwrW idn AwpxI Aqy Gr dI sPweI krn 13 vyN idn
(Acrj) bRwhmx nUM bulw ky gRih piv`qR rsm krvwaux[ lGU AiqR sMmihqw
AiDAwX 5 Anuswr, ij`Qy Awpxy sMbMDI dw mrnw AQvw puq`R dw jnm
suxy, au`Qy au`sy vyly vgdy pwxI iv`c goqw mwry ieho ijhy AnykW hor vihmBrm bRwhmxw vloN cwlU kr id`qy gey ijnHW iv`coN keI A`j q`k vI c`lI jw
rhy hn[

75

BwvyN smwj suDwrkW dy pRcwr-pRBwv sdkw ihMdU Drm ny ku`J purwxIAW

rsmW nUM iqAwg id`qw hY pr Ajy vI ivDvw AOrq nUM Xog BWq hmdrdI
vwlw sQwn nhIN imilAw[ ku`J pRsiQ`qIAW iv`c ausdw pRCwvW vI mnhUs
mMinAw jwdw hY[ ihMdU pirvwrW iv`c mMgxI ivAwh qoN pihlW kuVI muMfy
dIAW jnm kuMflIAW sbMDI BrpUr slwh-mSvrw kIqw jWdw hY pr qW vI
jy kr pqI dI mOq ho jWdI hY qW Awm qOr qy durBwgI hox dw doS AOrq qy

4.3 m`DkwlIn smW

hI miVHAw jWdw hY[ ijs smyN pqI dI mOq dI ^br imldI hY, pqnI dIAW

sMq qulsI dws (15 vIN sdI)76 nUM ihMdI swihq dw cMdRmw ikhw

bwhvW dIAW cUVIAW qoV id`qIAW jWdIAW hn, m`Qy qoN ibMdI pUMJ id`qI

jWdw hY[ aunHW dI pusqk rwm icRq mwxs jgq pRis`D hY[ qulsI dws

jWdI hY Aqy cIr (mWg) nUM sMDUr mukq kIqw jWdw hY[ ivDvw ic`ty k`pVy

jI dw kQn hY ik hIx-Bwvnw BwrqI nwrI dI mwnis`kqw au`pr koeI

Dwrn krdI hY Aqy aus nUM iSMgwr krn jW gihxy Awidk pihnx dI

mwVw pRBwv nhIN pwauNdI ikauNik nwrIAW ny ^ud hI Awpxy Awp nUM smwj

mnwhI ho jWdI hY[ jvwn kuVIAW Aqy nv-ivAwhuqw iesqRIAW nUM ivDvwvW

dw ie`k iniK`D Bwg mMn ilAw hY[ auh ilKdy hn, ikh ibiD ausqiq

nwl imlx qy g`lW krn dI mnwhI kIqI jWdI hyY[ ienHW nUM mMd-BwgxW

kroN qumHwrI ] ADm zwiq jVH miq nwrI ] ADm qy ADm ADm Aiq

smiJAw jWdw hY[ keIAW smwijk kwrjW iv`c ivDvw AOrqW nUM Bwg lYx

nwrI ]iqn mhu mYN Aiq mMd gvwrI (rwm icRq mwxs)[ ieh kihMdy

dI AwigAw nhIN huMdI[

sn ik iesqRI A`DI zihr hY Aqy A`DI AMimRq hY pr ieh buDImwn

Aqy gMvwr iv`c AMqr nhIN kr skdI[ AimX vwir gwryau grl nwir
krI krqwr] pRym bYr kI jnin Xug jwnih bu`D nw gvwr]ienHW dy
keI kQn lokW dI zubwn aupr cVH gey hn ijvyN ,For,gvwr, SUdr,
pSU, nwrI, pWcoN qwVn ky AiDkwrI[
rWcI dy izlHy iv`c znwnIAW nUM hl nUM h`Q lwaux dI AwigAw nhIN [ jy kr Bu`l BulyKy h`Q lg jwvy
qW swry ipMf iv`c burw mnwieAw jWdw hY Aqy kbUqr, murZy Aqy b`kry Awidk mwr ky pwp Doxw pYNdw hY
[ KwrIAw lok AOrq dy mUMh iv`c GwA pwky aus pwsoN hl iKcvwauNdy hn qy Gr Gr iB`iKAw mMgx Byjdy
hn[ nIligrI dy tofy AOrq nUM du`D nUM h`Q nhIN lwaux idMdy [ ikDry ikDry lok bRwhmx dy iKlwP vI au~T
Kloey sn [ tRWvnkor dy heIAw lok bRwhmx nUM ipMf iv`c nhIN sn vVn idMdy [ jy vVy qW fWgW nwl mwrdy
sn Aqy gohy rly pwxI iv`c ausnMU nuhwauNdy sn [
75

Awm krky suAwmI ivvykwnMd (1862-1902) nUM ieh mwx id`qw jWdw
hY ik aunHW ny CUq Cwq dw ivroD kIqw, ihMdU smwj iv`c nwrI dy Xog
sQwn dI pihcwx krvweI Aqy ienHW nUM au~cw cu`kx dw pRXws kIqw[
suAwmI ivvykwnMd qoN jdoN ivDvwvW dI siQ`qI bwry pu~iCAw igAw qW
aunHW dw auq`r sI, mYN koeI ivDvw qW nhIN ik mYnUM pRSn pu`Cdy ho?

kI mYN iesqRI hW ? mYnUM vwr vwr ieh svwl krdy ho[ qusIN kOx huMdy
ho nwrIAW dIAW sm`isAwvW dw smwDwn krn vwly ? kI qusIN pRmwqmw
ho ik ivDvwvW qy nwrIAW quhwfy AnuSwSn ADIn c`lx ? prHW rvo[ dUr
hovo! ieh AwpxIAW smisAwvW Awp hI h`l kr lYxgIAW (Our

rwm Bgq qulsI dws jI 1497 iv`c XU pI dy bWdw izlyH iv`c pYdw hoey [ ieh rwmwnMd dy cyly sn [
ienHW dI pRis`D pusqk rwm icRq mwxs nUM hI rwmwiex ikhw jwx lg ipAw[ hor pusqkW bhuqIAW pRis`D
nhIN hoeIAW[ ienHW dw dyhWq 1623 iv`c bnwrs iv`c hoieAw mMinAw jWdw hY[ ieh gurU nwnk dyv jI
qoN 28 vrHy Coty sn pr jwpdw hY ik ieh gurU jI nUM nhIN imly[

[ aunHW dy kQn Anuswr ivDvw ivAwh krn vwly nIc zwqI dy huMdy

40

41

76

Women by Swami Vivekananda Advait Ashram Publication p.51)

hn[ (pMnw 58)[ bwl ivDvwvW dI dUjI SwdI dI sm`isAw nUM A`j q`k

gMBIrqw nwl nhIN ilAw igAw[77 suAwmI ivvykwnMd ny suAwmI idAwnNMd

id`qw jWdw sI[ ieh lVkIAW dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW A`gy inRq krdIAW

(1824-1883) dy AwDwr qy iliKAw hY ,suAwmI idAwnMd ny ikhw hY

Aqy ASIrvwd mMgdIAW sn ik BrpUr PsLW hox, du`D auqpwdn vDy Aqy

ik cwhy pqnI dI Gr iv`c AgnI pUjw krn dI vydk rIqI Anuswr

smwj iv`c KuSI PYly[ mMdrW iv`c ieh Aksr pujwrIAW leI Bog-ivlws

s^q loV hY pr auh SwlgRwm iSlwjw gRih dy pUjw sQwn dIAW mUrqIAW

dw vsIlw bxdIAW sn Aqy au`Qy hI swrI aumr guzwr skdIAW sn[79

nUM nhIN CUh skdI (auhI pMnw 64)[ ihMdU ivdvwnW dw iv`cwr hY ik

ienHW iv`coN bhuqIAW AKIrlI aumr iv`c Aksr bwhr in`kl ky vysvwvW

bRhmcrX (ivAwh iqAwg, ilMg-sbMD iqAwg) purKW Aqy iesqRIAW

bx jWdIAW sn jW glIAW bzwrW iv`c mMg qMg ky guzwrw krdIAW mOq nUM

dohW leI zrUrI hY[ suAwmI ivvykwnMd dw iv`cwr hY, jy bRhmcrX nwrI

aufIkdIAW qy qRwsdI BogdIAW sn[

nUM aucycw sucyrw bxwauNdw hY,qW iblkul iesy qrHW mrdW nUM vI iehI gux
prdwn krdw hY[ (auhI pMnw 69)[ ihMdU nwrIAW nUM jnyaU Dwrn dI
iejwzq nhIN[

KuSiksqI hY ik pMjwb iv`coN dyv dwsIAW dI pRQw sdIAW pihlW

^qm ho geI pr krnwtk, mhWrwStr Aqy AWDrw pRdyS vrgy sUibAW
iv`c ieh Ajy vI c`l rhI hY[ krnwtk iv`c nIly rMg dI Xwlwmw dyvI dw

irg vyd (10:85-45 Aqy sUqR 10 mMqR nMbr 10) Aqy AQrv vyd

buq mMdr iv`c lwieAw hoieAw hY ijs dy isr iv`c sony dIAW qwrW dy vwl

(14-2-18) Anuswr suAwmI idAwnMd jI inXog dy h`k iv`c sn[ inXog

bxwey hoey hn[ 14 swl dI aumr dIAW kuVIAW nUM hwr iSMgwr nwl sjw ky

Anuswr koeI vI ivDvw nr b`cw pYdw krn dI ie`Cw nwl igAwrW purSW

ies dyvI dI Bytw kIqw jWdw hY Aqy auh prx krdIAW hn ik kdy vI

q`k nwl sMBog krn dI AwigAw rKdI hY qW jo auh nr b`cw pYydw kr ky

ivAwh nhIN krvwauxgIAW[ pujwrI ienHW dw ilMg SoSn Awm krdy hn

Awpxy iv`CVy pqI nUM surgW iv`c phuMcx dw rwh idKw sky (dyKo irg

Aqy Awpxy dlwlW rwhIN bMbeI, klk`qy mdrws Aqy id`lI Awidk SihrW

vydwdIBwSX BUimkw) [

gMgw dy iknwry Aksr ihMdU nwrIAW nUM ies pRkwr

iv`c kMjrIAW bxw ky vycdy hn[ fwktr iglfw ny cyqwvxI id`qI sI ik jy

pRwrQnw kridAW Awm suixAw jw skdw hY ik, hy prmwqmw mYnMU Agly

kr ieh ivBcwr nw htwieAw igAw qW Bwrq iv`c eyfz (AIDS) dw rog

jnm iv`c purS bxwauxw

bykwbU ho jwvygw[ 1991 iv`c srkwr ny ASok rofn nW dy ie`k ienspYktr

4.5 dyv dwsIAW

dI spYSl inXukqI iesy kMm leI kIqI sI ik ieh pRQw bMd krvweI

78

dyv dwsIAW (rwm dwsIAW, rwm jxIAW jW jogxIAW) auh jvwn kuVIAW
huMdIAW sn ijnHW nUM vsqRW nwl sjw ky cVHdI aumr iv`c mMdrW iv`c Byt kr
ivDvw AOrqW dw dUjw ivAwh krn dw kwnUMn eISvr cMdr ividAwswgr dI ihMmq nwl 1856 iv`c pws
ho igAw sI [ jsits mhWdyv goibMdw ies kwnUMn dy bhuq v`fy smrQk sn [ hYrwnI hY ik Ajy vI ivDvw
AOrqW bwry purwqn Gsy ipty iv`cwr qury Aw rhy hn jo bRwhmx vwd dI hI dyx hn [ auDwrx leI dyKo

77

jwvy[ ASok ny 130 dyvdwsIAW nMU gupq qOr qy BrqI kr ilAw ijnHW dI
lIfr dyv dwsI ierwvw nUM bxwieAw igAw[ ausy swl pUrnmwSI vwLI rwq
nUM QW QW 14 swlW dIAW 2000 lVkIAW dyv dwsIAW bxw ky dyvI dI Bytw
kIqIAW geIAW sn[ CyqI hI srkwr dy gupq XqnW dI klI K`ulH geI Aqy
izmINdwrW ny rOlw pwauxw SurU kr id`qw ik jy kr ieh pRQw bMd kIqI geI

(1) ivDvw AwpxI mOq q`k Awpxy qy kwbU r`Ky Aqy ie`KlwkI pivqRqw kwiem rKy

qW PslW nhIN au~gxIAW[ JV`pW hoeIAW Aqy SUmngr izlHy iv`c do puls

(2) ie`k nyk AOrq auhI hY jo pqI dy surgvws hox aupRMq bwkI dI aumr rMfypw KuSI nwl k`ty

APsr vI kql ho gey[

(3) jo ivDvw Awpxy pqI pRqI vPwdwr nhIN rih skdI auh ig`dVI dI jUn iv`c pYNdI hY (mnUM
dy inXm kWf 5:156-161)
ikhVy ikhVy ihMdU dyvqy inXog rwhIN pYdw hoey ies bwry pVHo suAwmI rwm qIrQ dMfI sMinAwsI dI
pusqk srboqm gRMQ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb pMnw 79)
78

42

Xlwmw bwry kQw hY ik ie`k irSI ny ie`k pu`qR nUM ikhw ik auh AwpxI
ivBcwrn mW dw isr v`F dyvy[ pu`qr ny isr qW v`F id`qw pr ausnUM iksy
79

ies sbMD iv`c dIpw mihqw dI iPlm vwtr (Water) zrUr dyKxI cwhIdI hY[

43

Xwlwmw nW dI SuUdr znwnI dy DV au~pr lw id`qw[ ieh SUdr AOrq Xwlwmw

AwnMd:-pr jy bolxw vI Aq zrUrI ho jwvy?

dyvI krky mNMnI jwx l`g peI [ 14 swl dIAW lVkIAW nUM nuhw DUAw ky,

mhwqmw b`uD:- pUrI qrHW sucyq rho Aqy hr pRkwr dI swvDwnI vrqo[

Aqr Pulyl lwky, iSMgwr krky inm dy p`iqAW nwl sjwieAw jWdw hY Aqy

AwnMd dI isPwrS dy Pl-srUp mhwqmw bu`D ny nwrIAW nUM ies Srq

gL iv`c lwl Aqy ic`ty mxikAW dIAW mwlwvW sjweIAW jWdIAW hn[
ipMf dy lok hldI aufwauNdy hoey dyvdwsI nUM jlUs dI Skl iv`c mMdr lY
jWdy hn Aqy aus nUM dyvI dI Bytw kr id`qw jWdw hY[ ieh rvwj nypwl iv`c
Ajy vI QoVHy ijhy Prk nwl cwlU hY[ huxy huxy bxI kimaUinst srkwr ny
ieh rsm bMd krvwaux dI koiSS vI kIqI sI pr lokW vloN (Aqy rwjy
vloN) kwPI ivroD hoieAw[ ie`Qy kyvl 4 swl dI lVkI nUM hI Pu`lW nwl sjw
ky mMdr iv`c Bytw kr id`qw jWdw hY[
4.6 bu`D Drm

qy bu`D Drm iv`c pRvyS dI AwgAw dy id`qI ik auh hmySw ASt-mwrg

inXmwvlI Anuswr clxgIAW[ ienHw inXmW iv`c A`TvW inXm ieh vI sI
ik bu`D iBkSxIAW mrd iBkSU nUM pRnwm kirAw krngIAW, aus bwry Bu`l ky
vI kdy burw Sbd nhIN bolxgIAW Aqy aus dy hukmW dI AvigAw nhIN
krngIAW[ iBKSxIAW aus AsQwn qy nhIN jwxgIAW ij`Qy koeI bu`D
iBkSU nw hovy [81
mhwqmw bu`D dw iv`cwr sI ik Aijhy krVy inXm zrUrI hn, ieh
iksy Aijhy mzbUq bMnH vWg huMdy hn jo pwxI dy vhw nUM rok ky rKdw hY[ jy

mhwqmw bu`D dy igAwn-AvsQw pRwpqI dy pMjvyN swl iv`c ieh pRSn

kr AOrqW nUM Drm prvyS krn dI K`ulH dy id`qI geI qW ieh ie`k Aijhw

pYdw hoieAw ik kI nwrIAW nUM Drm-is`iKAw Aqy bu`D Drm-mwrg iv`c

Gr (Drm) bx jwvygw ijQy mrdW dy twkry iv`c AOrqW dI igxqI v`D

pRvyS krn dI AwigAw id`qI jwvy jW nw[ ies sbMD iv`c dw^ly leI

jwvygI[ AYsI pRsiQ`qI iv`c cor fwkU lutyry lu`t mwr krngy Aqy BMn-qoV

bynqI mhwqmw bu`D dI ivDvw mwqw mhWpRjwpqI vloN kIqI geI sI[ auh

hovygI[ Aijhw Gr (Drm) jy ie`k hzwr vrHy itkxw sI qW msW pMj sO

AwpxI g`l mnvwaux leI hr QW mhwqmw bu`D dy ip`Cy ip`Cy jWdI rhI

swl hI itk skygw[ (Hindu Civilization P.255)

ie`QoN qk ik aus dy pYr su`j gey Aqy ickV im`tI G`ty nwl Brdy rhy pr
auh ibnW ruikAW buD jI dy mgr cldI iPrdI hI rhI[ AMq auh mhwqmw
bu`D dy dr qy KVo ky rox l`g peI [80 aus nUM ies hwlq iv`c dyK ky
mhwqmw bu`D dy inktvrqI SrDwlU cyly AwnMd ny ibrD mhWprjwpqI nUM
Brosw dvwieAw ik auh mhwqmw jI nwl ies bwry KulH ky iv`cwr krygw [
AwnMd Aqy mhwqmw jI iv`ckwr vwrqwlwp k`uJ ies qrHW hoeI d`sI
jWdI hY :
AwnMd:- hy mhwqmw nwrIAW nwl swfw ivauhwr kYsw hoxw cwhIdw hY ?
mhwqmw bu`D:- aunHW vl nW hI dyKo qW cMgw hY [
AwnMd:-pr jy kdI ienHW nwl vwh pY hI jwvy qW kI kIqw jwvy?
mhwqmw bu`D:- qW iblkul cu`p rho[
80

Hindu Civilzation page 255

44

Qyrw gwQw gRMQ qoN pqw cldw hY ik 70 qoN v`D boDI swDvIAW ny
kwiv-rcnwvW kIqIAW[ ienHW iv`coN pRis`D swDvIAW ieh sn: goqmI
(mhwqmw bu`D dI cwcI), mhW pRjwpqI, i`q`sw, AiBrUpwnMdw, im`qw, KYmw
(rwjy ibMdUswr dI pqnI) Aqy suMdrInMdw[ ivSvwS kIqw jWdw hY ik ienHW
swDvIAW ny Arhq pd (mukqI) dI pRwpqI kr leI sI[
ihMdU Drm vWg bu`D Drm vI Gr-iqAwg Aqy sMinAws Dwrn krky
jMglW iv`c invws krn dI is`iKAw idMdw hY [)

82

[ jdoN bu`D Aqy

jYn nwrIAW (ivSyS krky swkX kul dIAW AOrqW) vxW iv`c rihx l`g
81

On this point Meghasthenes writes Women are permitted to share philosophic life on
condition that they observed complete sexual continence like the monks
82

Full of hindrance is the house-hold life, a path defiled by passion.Free as the air is the
life of him who has renounced all worldly things. (Tevigga Suttana Translated by
T.W.Rhys David p.187)

45

peIAW Aqy iBkSxIAW bx geIAW qW siQ`qIAW ivgVx l`g peIAW[

DrqI qy nhIN if`g pYNdy aunW icr pIvI c`lo)

sMinAwsIAW dy m`T Aqy invws AsQwn iBRStwcwr dy kyNdr bx gey[83

4.7 is`D nwQ

QoVHy hI smyN iv`c ieh pRqIq hox l`g ipAw ik nwrIAW r`sy nwl b`Jy
hoey pSU vWg jW ipMjry iv`c pey hoey pMCI vWg sn[ swDvIAW iksy
vI vyly mhW iBkSU (Monk Incharge) dI AwigAw ibnw ikDry nhIN
sI jw skdIAW [84 k`uJ iBkSU qW ieh vI kihx l`g pey ik igAwn
pRwpqI, ilMg-kwmnw iqAwg, SrDw-BgqI Aqy pUrx Awqm-smrpx
znwnIAW leI AsMBv hY[ CyqI hI nwrIAW au~pr ieh pwbMdI vI lw
id`qI geI ik auh Drm gRMQ nhIN pVHxgIAW Aqy nw hI ivDvw-ivAwh
krvw skxgIAW[ aunHW nwl SUdrW vrgw ivvhwr hox l`g ipAw Aqy
aunHW nUM Awqimk idRStI qoN nIvIAW mMinAw jwx l`g ipAw[85

86

is`D, nwQ, jW XogI nOvIN sdI qoN 12 vIN sdI q`k Bwrq Aqy Kws kr
pMjwb iv`c Awm sn[ ienHW dw mu`F pwqMjlI irSI (150 pU:eI) qoN mMinAw
jWdw hY [ ienHW iv`coN ku`J Awpxy Awp nUM nypwl dy SMkr nwQ (Awd nwQ) dy
cyly mMndy sn Aqy mCMdr nwQ nUM Awqimk gurU kIhMdy sn[ hr is`D nUM iqMn
prx krny pYNdy sn (1) mYN swrI aumr bRhmcwrI rhWgw (SwdI nhIN
krvwvWgw) (2) mYN ihMsk nhIN hovWgw (jwnvr nhIN mwrWgw) (3) mYN BIK
mMg ky guzwrw krWgw Aqy koeI ik`qw Dwrn nhINN krWgw[87 ieh lok kMnW
iv`c mMudrW pwauNdy , sRIr nUM suAwh mldy, jMglW iv`c nMgy rihMdy, Aqy swrI
aumr phwVW dIAW kMdrW iv`c guzwrdy sn[ isr dy vwlW nUM lMmw krky Aqy

hOlI hOLI smwj iv`c iBRStwcwr PYldw igAw[ vwm mwrg dw pRcwr

dr^qW dI cIp nwl GuMGr ijhy bxw ky isr aupr p`g vWg bMnH C`fdy sn[

Awm ho igAw Aqy lokW iv`c ivBcwr Aqy iBRStwcwr nUM ie`k qrHW nwl

hr is`D pws ie`k sMK huMdw sI ijs nUM ieh isMgI AwKdy sn [ Gr bwrIAW

smwjk pRvwxgI hI iml geI[ vwm mwrgI qrHW qrHW dy nSy krdy ,

nUM nPrq krdy sn pr mMgx vI aunHW pws hI jWdy sn hoie AqIqu

pqnIAW vtwauNdy, znwnIAW vycdy Aqy dOVW Aqy GolW Aidk dy jyqUAW

igRhsiq qij iPr aunky Gr mMgix jweI- (BweI gurdws) [ ienHW dw

nUM znwnIAW ienwmW iv`c idMdy sn[ ieh blwqkwr krn iv`c mW Aqy

ie`k pRis`D AwgU gorK nwQ hoieAw hY jo bhuqw pMjwb iv`c hI irhw[

BYx Awidk dw vKryvW vI nhIN krdy sn[ ienHW dw nwhrw sI pIqvw

pIqvw punw pIqvw Xwvq igrq nw BU qly (ijMnW icr nSy iv`c Awky
mwnivkw icMcw nwm dI ie`k swDvI nUM ku`J swDW (boDI iBkSUAW) ny m`lo jorI PV ilAw [ iehI nhIN
mhwqmw bu`D au~pr vI blwqkwr dy dOS l`gxy AwrMB ho gey [ aus dy ivroDIAW ny doS lwieAw ik mhwqmw
ny swDvI prIvwjkw (ijs nUM suMdrI vI ikhw jWdw sI) nwl ilMg sbMD bxwey Aqy duSkrm kIqw [

lok ienHW qoN bhuq frdy sn ikauNik ieh ivSvwS kIqw jWdw sI ik
is`D cmqkwrI swDU huMdy hn Aqy jo cwhy kr skdy sn[ swry dy swry is`D

83

Sbd iBkSU iBiKAw (mMgx) qoN bixAW jwpdw hY[ hr iBkSU nUM inmrqw Dwrn krn leI iBiKAw
mMgx jwxw pYNdw hY[
84

85
In Budhism woman Bhikshanis are deemed second grade compared to male
Bhikshus who are considered senior to them. A male Bhikshu is not supposed to touch
and rescue a drowning woman even if she were his mother. (Recent researches in
Sikhism Panjabi University Patiala p.17). The nuns formed a distinct community
which was practically subordinate to the community of monks.(Main currents of
Indian History by Majumdar & P.N.Chopra p.28) The Woman Bhikshu even if she
were an old entrant in the Bhikshu order was considered junior to male Bhikshu who
joined the order later than she had done(Essentials of Sikhism by Daljeet Singh
p.186) boDI swihq iv`c iesqRIAW leI inrwdr-BrpUr SbdwvLI Awm iml jWdI hY [

46

86
KuSikmqI nwl pMjwb iv`c bhuqy vwm mwrgI nhIN sn pr 19vIN sdI iv`c gulwb dws ny ies murdw
Drm iv`c jwn pwaux leI ies Drm nUM pMjwb iv`c cwlU krn dy Xqn kIqy [ gulwb dws dw Asl nW
gulwb isMG sI Aqy ieh 1809 iv`c hmIr isMG dy Gr ipMf rtOL (AMiMmRqsr) iv`c pYdw hoieAw sI [
hr roz Srwb pIxI, znwnIAW ncwauxIAW Aqy nSy vrqny ies dy Drm dw ih`sw sI [ ksUr dy nyVy c`Tw
ipMf iv`c fyrw bxwieAw Aqy KulHm Ku`lw kMjrIAW r`KIAW [ ies ny klZI lwauxI Aqy gurU AKvwauxw
SurU kr id`qw, Apxy mqvMny pu`qr dw nW hrgoibMd r`iKAw Aqy poqry dw nW qyZ bhwdr r`iKAw [
inrMkwrIAW, nwmDwrIAW Aqy pitAwly dy mhwrwjw nirMdr isMG ny pu`j ky ies dI mu^wlPq kIqI pr
AMgRyzW dI Sih hox krky ieh (ku)Drm vDdw hI igAw [ 1873 iv`c gulwb dws pIro kMjrI smyq nSy
iv`c Du`q hoieAw mr igAw Aqy dohW nUM ie`ko kbr iv`c d`b id`qw igAw [ ies dy cyilAW nUM gulwb dwsIey
kihMdy hn [ ies dI kivqw dy ku`J nmUny ieh hn, hm hYN kurwhI kwPr ibgVy Fwh jgq kI rIsw ry
]dws gulwb Ajwq Bey hY iml kr Awpxy mIqw ry ] AwE shIE rl drSn krIey c`iTAW vwly gur
kw [ drSn pweIey bl bl jweIey sYl krwvy Dur kw ] nr nwrI sB drSn AwvYN prsy Bvn hujr kw
[ drSn dws gulwb gurW kw pwey Bwg mQur kw ] (gulwb cmn pusqk iv`coN)
87

hor jwxkwrI leI pVHo Indian Sadhus by G.S. Ghurye p.39)

47

AOrq qoN iGrxw krdy sn [ ienHW dy iv`cwr Anuswr AOrq hI purS nUM

twhxy Awidk sB ingl jwxy hn[

ivBcwrI bxwauNdI hY[ kMn pwtw XogI gorK nwQ AOrq nUM biGAwVI dI

dwm kwF bwGn ly AwieAw, mwaUN khy myrw pUq ivAwihAw]

sMigAw idMdw ilKdw hY ik AOrq purS dy sRIr nUM noc ky ^qm kr idMdI hY[
ies ny iqMn lok aujwVy hn[ mYN hI ies qy kwbU pw sikAw hW[
bwGn ijMd ly bwGn ibMd ly, bwGn hmrI kwieAw [ ien bwGn qRY
loeI KweI b`Dq gorK rwieAw ]
kihMdy hn gorK nwQ dw gurU mCMdr nwQ AOrqW dI AslIAq jwnx
leI iksy rwjy dy sRIr iv`c jw viVAw Aqy igRRhsq mwxdw irhw[ muV ky
inklx nUM ausdw jIA nw kIqw[ gorK ny Awpxy gurU nUM bcwaux leI ie`k
pdI ilK ky ByjI ijs dw swr AMS ies qrHW hY, hy myry pRiqStq gurU
jIE AYsy kwrj iv`c ikauN jw pey ho ijs nwl ienswn dI SkqI nwS ho
jWdI hY[ AOrq SyrnI hY [ idn vyly ieh SyrnI AOrq swfy mn nUM kwbU
krdI hY Aqy rwq nUM jIvn pdwrQ nUM ncoV ky SkqI ivhUxw kr idMdI hY[
AOrqW iv`c rihx vwlw purS qW aus dr^q vrgw huMdw hY jo iksy dirAw
dy iknwry auqy au~g KVHw hovy Aqy mOq dy idn igx irhw hovy[ ieh SyrnI
swfI nINd aufw idMdI hY, auqpqI pdwrQ iK`c lYNdI hY Aqy sRIr nUM su`kw ky
ipMjr bxw idMdI hY [ ieh Awpxy inglx leI bVI swvDwnI nwl irStpuSt Aqy suMdr purS cuxdI hY[ (gorK bwxI pdI nM:43 fwktr BrQvwl
dw Anuvwd)
gorK nwQ dy cyly cOrMgI nwQ nUM (jo Awm krky pUrn Bgq dy nW nwl
jwixAw jWdw hY) vI dUjy is`DW vWg AOrqW nwl n&rq krn dI is`KSw
id`qI geI sI [ rwxI suMdrW aus nwl ipAwr pw bYTI pr cOrMgI nwQ aus qoN
KihVw Cufw ky jMglIN jw viVAw qy rwxI ny Awqm h`iqAw kr leI[ ies
Gtnw bwry pMjwb iv`c ie`k muhwvrw c`l ipAw hY, jMgl igAw nw
bhiuVAw suMdrW nUM, jogI nhIN jy iksy dy mIq loko
ie`k hor XogI crpt nwQ iesqRIAW bwry ilKdw hY ik bMdw pYsy Krc
ky znwnI (biGAwVI) lY AwauNdw hY[ aus dI mW KuSI nhIN sWB skdI pr

gIlI lkVI kau Gun lwieAw,aun fwl mUl cun KwieAw] (crpt
nwQ)
4.8 jYYn Drm
jYn Drm dy inXm 23vyN qIrQMkr (mhW munI) pwrsv nwQ ny ilKy
sn[ ies ny jYn Drm dy cwr inXm Qwpy ijnHW nUM cqRXwn ikhw jWdw
hY[ ies qoN ipCoN vrDmwn mhWvIr (599 pU: eI- 546 pU:eI ) 24
vW qIrQMkr sI[ ieh bnwrs dy rwjy ASvsYn dw pu`qR sI Aqy kMvwrw
hI 30 swl dI AwXU iv`c GroN jMgLW nUM clw igAw sI [ kihMdy hn
ik ies nUM 83 swl dI vfyrI aumr iv`c jw ky igAwn hoieAw [ vrDmwn
ny jYn inXmW iv`c ie`k hor inXm vDwieAw- mYN bRhmcwrI rhWgw[
ies ny ieh rIq vI cwlU kIqI ik jYnI k`pVw nhIN vrqxgy Aqy swrI
aumr nMgy iv`crngy[ ip`CoN jYnI do SwKwvW iv`c vMfy gey (1) svyqMbr
jo ic`ty k`pVy pihndy sn Aqy (2) idgMbr

jo iblkul Al& ngn

rihMdy sn[ Awm i^Awl hY ik svyqMbr qW pwrsv dy isDWqW nUM mMndy

hn pr idgMbr mhWvIr dy cyly hn[ dohW dy iv`ckwr 250 swl dy
smyN iv`c jYn Drm bhuq bdl igAw sI Aqy ies iv`c kw&I igrwvt
vI Aw cu`kI sI [88 ies smyN iv`c KwjUrwho, jgn nwQ, BuvnySvr Aqy
konwrk vrgy mMdr hoNd iv`c Aw gey ijMnHW iv`c ik AOrq Aqy mrd
dy gupq AMg Aqy sMBog ikirAwvW nUM KulH ky idKwieAw igAw hY (ienHW
nUM A`j vI dyiKAw jw skdw hY)[ ienHW iv`c iSvjI nUM BMg Aqy DqUrw
Awidk pINdw idKwieAw igAw hY[ mMdrW iv`c Srwb pIx dw rvwj Awm
ho igAw Aqy A`j vI keI mMdrW ijvyN ik iSlw dyvI (AMbr),mhWklySvr
(aujYn) Awidk iv`c Srwb Bytw kIqI jWdI Aqy pIqI jWdI hY[
88

Hindu civilization by Radha Kumud Mookerji p.227

BolI ieh nhIN jwxdI ik hry Bry bUty nUM Guxw lw ilAw hY ijs ny p`qy

Monks would flag nuns.Nuns would flag monks- both parties nearly completely
naked.All this in the name of piety.(Universal Sikhism by Dalip Singh. Bahri Publication New Dwlhi P.59)

48

49

idgMbr lok AOrq nUM byh`d GtIAw smJdy hn, n&rq krdy hn Aqy
smJdy hn ik AOrq igAwn pRwpq nhIN kr skdI Aqy mukqI (kYvilAw)
qoN vWJI rihMdI hY [89 jYn Drm Anuswr mukqI leI iqMNn loVW dI pUurqI
zrUrI hY Awcwr, igAwn, Aqy AiDAwqimkqw[ jYnI smJdy hn ik nwrI
Awcwr ivhUxI hY Aqy ies kwrn nwrI leI mukqI sMBv nhIN[ jy kr auh
igAwn iv`c inpuMn ho jwvy Aqy AiDAwqimkqw iv`c smrQ ho jwvy qW aus
nUM Aglw jnm purS dw imlygw Aqy auh mukqI pRwpq krn dy Xqn krn
dy Xog ho skygI[ pRmwqmw ny nwrI nUM ieh smJx leI jnm id`qw ik auh
mukqI dy Xog nhIN pr Xqn kr ky svrg lok iv`c pRvyS krn leI aus
nUM rwh dw pqw l`g jwvy[ Awvwgvn dy c`kr qoN bcx dw AOrqW leI hor
koeI vsIlw nhIN hyY ihMdU lok qW dyvI dI pUjw vI krdy hn pr jYnI lokW
iv`c koeI vI qIrQMkr AOrq nhIN hoeI Aqy nw hI ieh AOrq dI pUjw
krdy hn [90

rihMdy hn (Recent researches in SikhismPanjabi University Patiala

p.17)
ieh ikAws lwauxw koeI AOKI g`l nhIN ik Aijhy mwrU ivcwrW Aqy
ivSvwSW ny nwrI nUM iks qrHW hIxqw-Bwv iv`c jkV ky smwj dw ie`k
AxgOilAw AMg bxw id`qw[ BolIAW BwlIAW Aqy byksUr BwrqI nwrIAW
hIx-mwxis`kqw Aqy dwsqw dw iSkwr ho geIAW[ ienHW nUM b`cy pYdw krn
vwlIAW mSInW hI smJ ilAw igAw[ ienHW leI vrqy jWdy Awm ivSySx
ies qrHW dy dur-bcnW iv`c cwlU ho gey[ mrd dy pYr dI ju`qI,
mUrK, ijsdI m`q gu`q ip`Cy hY, nwg qoN v`D zihrIlI spxI, by
vPw Gr dI cwkr, ivlws gu`fI, nrk-duAwrI, cilqR-h`QI
Aqy by ieqbwrI Awidk[ iesy qrHW hyT ilKy AKwx c`l pey :nwrI kI CweI prq AMDw hoq BujMg, iqs nr kI khu igAw gqI jo
in`q nwrI ky sMg ]

4.9 SYv Aqy vYSnv Drm

sRI rwmwnuj SMkrdyv dw iv`cwr sI ik iesqRI Brmwaux Aqy Btkwaux
vwly cil`qRW nwl BrpUr hY[ aunHW ny ieh is`tw k`i`FAw ik nwrI nrkduAwrI hY Aqy ies nUM vYSnv Drm iv`c prvyS nhIN krn dyxw cwhIdw[

Byf ieSnwnI nhIN qy AOrq igAwnI nhIN

ijQy r`b PylH ho igAw au~Qy nwrI bx geI[
4.10 pMjwb au~pr ihMdU Drm dw pRBwv

aunHW Anuswr mn`uK dIAW Gwqk cwhqW iv`coN nwrI leI AwkrKx sB qoN

m`DkwlIn pMjwbI smwj au~pr ihMdU Aqy jYn DrmW dw kwPI pRBwv sI

v`D ^qrnwk hY[ nwrI ASu`D hY Aqy nwrI dI q`kxI purS dy piv`qR mn

pRMqU ie`k smW AYsw vI sI ik is`D (nwQ) pMjwb au~pr Cwey hoey sn[ nwQ

nUM pRdUiSq kr idMdI hY[ mwVw ijhw kx`KI qoN q`ky qW kihMdy khwauNdy

kwl dy swihq iv`c AOrq dI smJ, sUJ, syvw-Bwvnw, kurbwnI Aqy guxW

qpsvI/ irSI dy mn nUM kIl lYNdI hY[ aus dy swhmxy Aw jwx nwl

bwry koeI hmdrdI vwlw vwk l`B skxw qW ies qrHW hY ijvyN koeI mwrU

pRwrQnw, qp`isAw qy swDnw sB iCnBMgr iv`c BMg ho jWdIAW hn[ ienHW

Ql iv`c m`CIAW l`Bx dw Xqn kry[ ies dy ivpRIq ies kwl dy bhuqy

q`qW dw igAwn rKx vwly isAwxy mnu`K nwrIAW dy sMg swQ qoN dUr hI

ilKwrI ivSyS krky ik`swkwr nwrIAW dw BMfI pRcwr krn iv`c ie`k dUjy

89

nwloN A`gy lMGx iv`c l`gy rhy[ kwm-Bwvnw leI lUxw, moh svwrQ p`KoN
Read Zimmers Philosophies of India p.222-223

Bwgvq gIqw (9.32) Anuswr nwrI, vpwrI, Aqy ZrIb sB ikRSn jI dI Srn Aw ky mukqI pRwpq kr skdy
hn [
90

kkeI, Aqy byvPweI Aqy DoKy dy izkr leI swihbW dI g`l BMfI prcwr
dI rvwieq hI bx ky qurdI Aw rhI hY[ ienHW dIAW kQw khwxIAW nUM vwr

eIsweI Drm AOrq dI mukqI dy sbMD iv`c jYn Drm dy nyVy Aw jWdw hY [ I myself shall lead her in order
to make her male,so that she too may become a living spirit resembling you males. For
every woman who will make herself male will enter the kingdom of God. (Gospel of St.
Thomas logo 114)

vwr gwieAw Aqy prcwirAw igAw ijs dy nqIjy vjoN pMjwb dy hr purS

50

51

dw iehI i^Awl bixAW irhw ik AOrq hI smwj dw koVH hY[

pqnI nwl slwh mSvrw krn vwly AQvw aus dI rwey lYx vwly nUM

ikvyN nw iQVsI] KuSbUeI swry j`g AMdr bwZ ievyN hI iKVsI] smrQ

rMn murId, Ju`fU jW by pYNdy dw lotw, Aqy by ieqbwrw Aidk vrgy

jI vI iesy lVI dy kvI sn ijnHW ny BwSw nUM bVy sMkoc nwl vrq ky aupdyS

ivSySxW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw sI[ AOrqW dw mUl kwrj sMqwn au~qpqI,

id`qw[ Awp ilKdy hn, jIqYN ieMdRI soeI sUrw bl kr Avsr l`gy]

gRih sMBwl Aqy pqI-syvw imQ ilAw igAw sI[ ieh swry Aqy hor AnykW

smrQ khy iqs mwhxU dw j`g iv`c js bhu j`gy

kMm krdI hoeI vI auh koeI swrQk mMg nhIN sI kr skdI Aqy nW hI
iksy cIz au~pr Awpxw h`k AiDkwr jqw skdI sI[

m`Dkwl iv`c Bwrq a~upr inrMqr hmly huMdy rhy[ DwVvI vwvroly vWg
AwauNdy Aqy lu`t p`ut ky hnyrI vWg muV jWdy[ jwn mwl nMU hmySw hI ^qrw

pusqk dw Awkwr AwigAw nhIN idMdw ik AsIN ies kwl dIAW

bixAW rihMdw sI [91 smwjk dSw Aqy ^ws kr ky AwpsI sbMDW iv`c

rcnwvW dw KulHw aulyK kr skIey[ ku`J ku auDwrxw hI kwPI hoxgIAW

pRIvrqx Aw cu`kw sI[ r`jy p`ujy lok AYS iv`c Zrk sn Aqy AiDkwrI

pMjwbI Swier vwrs Swh ny iesqrI nUM im`qRqw dy AXog krwr id`qw

smwj nwloN tu`t ky sMvydnSIL ho gey sn[ ienHW dI dyS BgqI Aqy pRBU-

qy ikhw, vwrs rMn &kIr qlvwr GoVw cwry Qok ieh iksy dy Xwr

BgqI qy ieqbwr nhIN sI kIqw jw skdw[ AOrqW dI siQ`qI hor vI

nwhIN[ kvI mukbl ny bhuq krVy Aqy duKwvyN kQn kIqy hn[ auh

icMqwjnk Aqy gMBIr sI Aqy ienHW nUM keI pRkwr dy sMkt sihxy pey[

ilKdw hY, B`T rMnW dI dosqI KurIN ijnHW dI m`q, h`s ky lwauNdIAW

mwVI ijhI byvPweI dI kxso qy pqI AwpxI ivAwhuqw dw kql q`k kr

XwrIAW ro ky idMdIAW d`s[ lKIN h`Q nw AwvMdI dwnSvMdW dI p`q[

idMdw sI Aqy koeI szw vI nhIN sI huMdI[ insMg ho ky mrd AOrq dI ^RIdo

C`jU Bgq ny nwrI nUM cmkIlI zihrIlI mwrU qlvwr ikhw nwrIN

&ro^q krdy sn[ iSkwr Srwb Aqy durwcwr srkwrI AihlkwrW dy m`uK

qlvwrIN,ie`k au~jl ibAw iq`KIAW[ C`jU mwrn ivBcwrIN ibbykI qy

DMdy bx cu`ky sn[[ KuSwl cMd ivBws ilKdy hn , Gr dIAW nUM C`f

au~bry[ kvI suQrw jI ny AOrq nUM du`KW dw KUh ikhw, DIAW DwV

kMjrIAW hMFwauNdy,j`g iv`c pYigAw eyhw suBwayu ] v`fy AKwauNdy AwkV cldy

qy pu`qR DwVw rMn d`uKW dw KUh[ ies GwxI coN suQirAw koeI hr jn

cmVw kmwauNdy pwie] AsIN KuSwl inq suxdy Awhy,ku`qw rwj bhwlIey c`kI

k`Fy DuUh[ Bgq kwnHw nwrI nUM rMg bRMgI kwgzI gu`fI ilKdw hY, kwgd

c`tx jwey[ AwlHw KMf dw krqw Xwgink ies vyly dI pRsiQ`qI nUM

kI pUqRI kau qau nw iqRXw inhwr qQw kwgd dI jy hovy nwrI iv`s

ibAwn kridAW ilKdw hY, ijh kI ibtIAw suMdr dyKI iqih pih jwey

gMdl iqs jwx ktwrI[ kvI cWd ny znwnIAW bwry iqRXw cirqR nW

Dry h`iQAwr skqy dw sqIN vIhIN sO vwlI g`l sI Aqy qwkqvr mwVy

dI ie`k pusqk ilKI[ aus dIAW kuJ sqrW ies qrHW ilKIAW imldIAW

koloN suMdr iesqRI nUM D`ky nwl Koh ky lY jWdw sI [92 ieiqhws qoN pqw

hn[ cWd qIAn kI jwiq cil`qRn hY BrI] qwih nw pwieE Byd ijh

cldw hY ik AlwaudIn i^ljI dwaulqwbwd dI rwxI kmlw dyvI nUM Awpxy

pYdw krI] n^ iS^ lau ibK BrI su ibsIAr nwg ijauN] ho qw ko

leI Aqy aus dI pu`qRI dyl dyvI nUM Awpxy pu`qR leI D`ky nwl Koh ky lY igAw

fisE nw bcih prlY kI Awg ijauN (cirqr nMbr 8)

sI[ kMjrpuxw by h`d v`D c`ukw sI Aqy lgBg hr Sihr iv`c kMjrKwny

ies kwl dy ku`J ilKwrI AYsy vI hoey hn ijnHW ny nwrI au~pr Sbdk

Awm ho gey sn[

vwr nhIN kIqw pr Awqm-sMjm, mn dI sPweI Aqy sMkoc au~pr zor

inq dy ivdySI hmilAW dI iBAwnkqw nUM gMBIrqw nwl mMnky Aqy

id`qw[ gurU nwnk dyv jI dy spuqR bwbw sRI cMd audwsI sn[ auh ilKdy hn,

AwpxI qy pirvwr dI iezq AwbrU nUM m`uK rKky swaU pirvwr DIAW dw

igAwn godVI iKmw kI topI, jq kw AwVbMd sIl lMgotI] ie`k hor

91

KwDw pIqw lwh dw, rihMdw Aihmd Swh dw[

kvI sn j`t m`l lwhOrI[ auh ilKdy hn, tlY jo dyK pRweI nwrI so nr

92

DIAW vycx kuAwrIAW PVky rwj cug`iqAW dw aus vyly dw AKwx hY[

52

53

ivAwh CotI aumr iv`c krn lg pey[ bwlVIAw nUM mwrn, ivDvw nUM sqI
hox leI mjbUr krn jW DIAW BYxW nUM burI nzr qoN bcwaux leI prdw
krn dw rvwj Awm ho igAw Aqy smwj ny ies nUM nw cwhuMdy hoey vI
svIikRqI dy id`qI[

93

nwrI dw mrzI nwl ie`Dr au~Dr ie`k`ly jwxw ^qry

qoN KwlI nhIN sI[ ies qrHW dI pRsiQ`qI iv`c nwrI nUM Ablw (kmzor)
smiJAw jwx l`gw Aqy auh bcwau leI Awpxy pqI dy Awsry au~pr
inrBr ho geI[ AOrq ivSwd-gRsq Aqy inrauqswihq ho geI[ ies dw
Awqm-ivSvwS Aqy smwijk ruqbw inGwr v`l vDx l`g pey[ pirvwr
leI lVkI dw pYdw hoxw hI ie`k boJ smiJAw jwx l`gw[ lVkIAW leI
iv`idAw pRwpqI bwry socxw hI inrmUl sI[ AigAwn Aqy AMD-ivSvwS
iv`c pRqI idn vwDw hox lgw[ jvwn lVkIAW nMU auDwl ky vycx dw DMDw qW
AMgRyzI rwj vyly qk (1599 q`k) vI inrMqr cldw irhw[

prdy dw rvwj muslmwnW dy Bwrq Awaux nwl AwieAw[ The consent committee report of
1928 reads , Purdah was prevalent among the middle and higher orders of all communities but more so among the Muslims.There is evidence to show that the Hindus
began concealing their womenfolk since the Mohammedan invasions

93

54

iqAg kr id`qw sI Awpxw iF`f Brn leI mMgx vwsqy lokW dy GrW iv`c
jWdy sn Aqy AOrqW nUM Awpxy jwl iv`c PswauNdy sn[ BweI gurdws jI ienHW

kWf 5
is`K Drm Aqy is`K ieiqhws iv`c nwrI dw sQwn

dw izkr kridAw ilKdy hn, hoie AqIqu igRhsiq qij iPr aunky Gr
mMgix jweI[ gurU nwnk swihb ienHW dy pwKMf Aqy durwcwr nUM bhuq cMgI
qrHW smJ gey sn[ auh ies dw izkr kridAW ilKdy hn, jogI igrhI
jtw ibBUq] Awgy pwCy rovih pUq(pMnw 951) [ kvI pIlU ies smyN dy

5.1 smyN dI nwrI nYiqkqw

gurU nwnk swihb dy zmwny q`k nwrI dI iSRStwcwrk Aqy smwijk dSw
iv`c kwPI inGwr Aw c`uikAw sI[ aunHW nUM vrqoN dIAW cIzW vWg hI ^RIidAw
qy vyicAw jWdw sI[ nwrIAw ny Awp vI smyN dy pRBwv-vs Srm-hXw qy lwj
dw iqAwg kr id`qw hoieAw sI[ mwieAw kwrn jW pdwrQW dy loB kwrn sRIr
vycxw Awm sI[ ies dw izkr sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c ies qrHW AwieAw
hY, iesqrI purKY KitAY Bwau] BwvY Awvau BwvY jwau ] (pMnw 951) qQw
klI AMdr nwnkw ijMNnW dw Aauqwr ] puqu ijMnUrw DIA ijMnUrI jorU ijMnW dw

smwj bwry ilKidAW dsdw hY, kUV quly pMj syrIeyN s`c mwsw ie`k kvwau]
nykIAW l`Bx nW BwlIAW bdIAW dy dirAwau ] ikDry ikDry gurU nwnk swihb
vrgy hor vI AYsy suDwrk sn jo ienHW swDUAW nUM Aijhy kukrm krn qoN rokdy
sn jW ienHW nUM BMfdy sn[ vwrs Swh ilKdw hY ik Aijhy lokW dI koeI G`t
hI pRvwh krdw sI[ auh ienHW dw au~qr ies qrHW ilKdw hY rMnW nwloN jo
vrjdy cyilAW nUM AYsy gurU kI bMnH ky covxy nIN [
5.2 is`K gurU swihbwn dI dyx

is`kdwru(pMnw 556) [ ies vyly dI smwijk siQ`qI bwry BweI gurdws jI

sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI (1469-1539 AD) ny lMmIAW lMmIAW XwqRwvW

ilKdy hn, iesqrI purKY dwm ihq BwvYN Awey ikQwaUN jweI(pYsy dI Kwqr mrd

kIqIAW[ ies pRkwr Dwrimk sMdyS dyx dw sukwrj sMswr iv`c pihlI vwr

gurU nwnk swihb smwj dI ies in`GrI

hI hoieAw sI[ AiDAwqimkqw, jIvn swriQkqw, mn`uKI jnm dy mnorQ,

qy in`Gr rhI hwlq qoN byh`d duKI sn[ aunHW nUM AOrq dI durdSw au~pr bhuq

sMgIq-swDn pRBuqw Aqy srb sWJIvwlqw dy KyqRW iv`c Awp jI ny AijhI

APsos sI qy auh iksy h`d qk ies hwlq leI AOrq nUM vI izMmyvwr smJdy

juglbMdI kIqI ik mwnvqw ies au~pr sdw nwz krdI rhygI [ gurU jI dI

sn[ auh ilKdy hn, rMnW hoeIAW boDIAW purs hoey seIAwd ] sIl sMjmu

iv`cwr Dwrw qy SKSIAq qoN hr vrg dy lok pRBwvq hoyey[

AOrq hr cMgy mwVy QW jwx leI iqAwr ho jWdy sn) [

suc BMnI Kwxw Kwju Ahwju ] srmu gieAw Gir AwpxY piq auiT clI nwil
(pMnw 1243)

gurU jI Drm iv`c PYly hoyey Aqy PYlwey jw rhy vihmW-BrmW, inrmUl

(AOrqW durwcwr iv`c AwgU bx bYTIAW hn] mrd ienHW dw iSkwr krn iv`c ru`J gey

krm-kWfW Aqy smwijk kurIqIAW Awidk dy suDwrk sn[ aunHW ny smwj suDwr

hn[ sdwcwr qy sMjm dw ABwv hY[ AB`K vsqW dw Kwxw Awm ho igAw hY [ Srm hXw rhIN nhI Aqy pq

nUM mnu`KI jIvn dy muK mnorQW iv`c Swml kr ilAw qW jo smwj dw kilAwx

ie`zq nMU koeI nhIN jwxdw[)

XkInI bxwieAw jw sky[ is`K gurU swihbwn ny AKOqI is`DW, jogIAW, sMinAwsIAW

Dwrimk k`tVvwd zorW qy sI Aqy Dwrimk khwauNdy ivAkqI Drm dy

Aqy hr prkwr dy DrmW jW sMprdwvW dI AwV iv`c ivKwvy dy ByKIAW, vwx-

pVdy iv`c kukrm kr rhy sn[ rwm rhIm khwieNdy ie`k nwm duie rwh

pRsQIAW, AKOqI iqAwgIAW Aidk qoN smwj nUM swvDwn kIqw[ lok jwdU tUxy,

Bulwxy, byd kqyb Bulwie`ky mohy lwlc dunI SYqwxy, s`c iknwry rih igAw Kih

vihmW BrmW Aqy jMqrW mMqrW dI AwV iv`c l`uty jw rhy sn [ qMq mMq

mrdy bwnx mOlwxY (BweI gurdws)[ ies pqn dw kwrn izAwdw krky

rswiexw krwmwq kwlK ilptwey (B:gu 1.19) gurU jI ny ienHW dw BWfw curwhy

ihMdU, jYn Aqy bu`D Drm dy AKOqI sinAwsIAW, Dwrimk pwKMfIAW qy dMBI

iv`c BMinAw Aqy ienHW dI inrmUlqw bwry lokW nUM jwgrUk kIqw[ s`c dy mwrg

swDUAW dI mMd-Bwvnw sI[ ieh swDU ijnHW ny lok-idKwvy leI sMswr dw

dI is`iKAw pRdwn kIqI Aqy igRhsq Drm dI pwlxw dw aupdyS id`qw[

55

56

ienswn nUM is`KSw id`qI geI ik ienswn pirvwrk jIvn ijauNdw

shI sQwn dI vwsqivk pCwx pihlI vwr gurU nwnk swihb ny hI

hoieAw Aqy ikrq ivrq krdw hoieAw vI jIvn-mukqI v`l Agrsr

swrQk FMg nwl krvweI [ aunHW ny hI nwrI pqn dy kwrn nIJ nwl smJy

rhy[ gurU jI ny GrylU, smwijk, kOmI Aqy sMswrk sm`isAwvW dI inSwnidhI

Aqy mMd-rucI dI qih q`k kwrjSIl mwniskqw dw prdw PwS kIqw[

vI ies pRkwr kIqI ik Awm ivAkqI pUrI sdwkq jwx sky Aqy AwrQk
Aqy pRmwrQk q`qW dy suDwr leI kmr ksy kr lvy[ aunHW dy im`Ty pr
vzndwr bcnW ny lokW dy mMn tuMby, bu`DI iv`c rUh PUkI Aqy aunHW dI su`qI
zmIr nUM jgw id`qw[

DwVvIAW lutyirAw dy lgwqwr huMdy rhy hmilAW ny dyS, smwj Aqy

ivSyS krky ihMdosqwnI AOrqW dw hwl Awey idn mwVy qoN mwVw kIqw
hoieAw sI[96 gurU nwnk dyv jI muZl hmlwvr bwbr dy zulm jbr dy
cSmdId gvwh sn[ sYdpur dy zulm dI dwsqwn ienswnI lhU-im`J qoN

is`K Drm dw AMgRyz ilKwrI imstr mYkwilP sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dI

aupRMq nwrI pqn dI qRwrsdI sI jo gurU jI dI pRis`D ikrq bwbr bwxI

mwnvqw nUM dyx bwry sMKyp iv`c ies prkwr ilKdw hY : gurU swihb ny

dw ivSw bxI[ nwrI pIVw Aqy AOrq dI inrwdrI dw ibAwn ijs suihrdqw

sdIAW qoN GUk su`qy pUrb nUM hlUxw dy ky jgwieAw qy surq sMBwlx leI

Aqy sMvydnw nwl gurU nwnk dyv jI ny gwien kIqw hY hor iksy ny nhIN

swvDwn kIqw [ mn`uKqw AqIq dI ijlHx iv`c DsI jw rhI sI [ ies FwhU

kIqw[ ie`Qy Drm dy ivqkry qoN aupr au~T ky ihMdU bytI Aqy muslmwn bytI

SkqI ny mwnv-pRiq`Bw dy pYrW nUM jkiVAw hoieAw sI[ lokW dI Akl Aqy

nwl ie`ko ijhI hmdrdI idKwauNidAW gurU jI ny ienswnI gOrv dI in`GrdI

bu`DI au~pr phwVW vrgw boJ l`d id`qw igAw sI

siQ`qI nUM rudnmeI lihjy iv`c ibAwn krky srb-sWJy drdmMd rihbr

94

AsIN ipCy izkr kr Awey hW ik gurU nwnk dyv jI dy Awgmn qoN

pihlW BwrqI nwrIAW, DIAW BYxW dI smwijk Aqy nYiqk hwlq bhuq
kruxwmeI sI Aqy ihrdyvyDk h`d q`k in`Gr cu`kI sI [ smwijk, AwriQk,
siBAwcwrk , rwjnIqk Aqy Dwrimk Kyqr iv`c AOrq dI koeI BUimkw hI
nhIN sI[ AOrq mnorQ hIx, idSw hIx Aqy prwDIn ho ky rih geI sI[

hox dw sbUq id`qw hY[ Awp ilKdy hn:pwp kI jM\ ly kwblhu DwieAw
jorI mMgY dwnu vy lwlo ] srmu Drmu duie Cip Kloey kUVu iPrY prDwnu vy lwlo
] kwjIAw bwmxw kI gl QkI Agdu pVY SyYqwnu vy lwlo ] muslmwnIAW
pVih kqybw kst mih krih Kudwie vy lwlo ] jwiq snwqI hoir ihdvwxIAw
eyih BI lyKY lwie vy lwlo(pMnw 722)

aus nwl SUudrW vrgw slUk kIqw jWdw sI [ auh auqswh hIx,inrwS qy

hr roz dy hmilAW kwrn AOrq dw husn Aqy Awm jMqw dw Dn pdwrQ

ividAw qoN vWJI sI[ mrd dI syvkw,b`cy jMmx vwLI mSIn Aqy culHy cOky

sB qoN v`fy vYrI bx gey sn Dnu jobnu doie vYrI hoey ijnHI rKy rMg lwie

dI ib`lI hI aus dI pCwx sI jo ik inrw AkyvW sI[ bcpn iv`c mwipAW

(pMnw 417)[ ivfMbnw qW ieh sI ik ijnHW AwgUAW ny hwA dw nwArw mwrnW

ADIn,jvwnI iv`c pqI ADIn,Aqy jy ivDvw ho geI qW p`qRW dy vs pY

sI auh ies qoN vI do kdm A`gy inkl cu`ky sn[ gurU nwnk dyv jI dy smkwlI

geI[ bu`D Drm dI inXmwvlI Anuswr auh iBKSxI bxI[ BwvyN Drm krm

qulsI dws vrgy AOrq dI ADogqI nUM hor hvw dy rhy sn Aqy nwrI pRqI

Aqy guxW iv`c nwrI ikMnI hI prvIx huMdI hovy auh sdw CoitAW BrwvW dy

iGrxw dw prcwr kr rhy hn[ ies qoN ielwvw bldI au~pr qyl pwaux leI

ADIn ho ky ijauNdI sI (imstr ey AYl bwSm )95 smwj iv`c nwrI dy

94

In the Guru,the East shook off the torpor of ages and unburdened itself of the heavy
weight of ultra conservatism which had paralysed the genius and intelligence of its
people(M.A.Macauliffe)

in faith,was always subordinate to the youngest among the brethren(A.L.Basham

quoted by Kapur Singh in Baisakhi of Guru Gobind Singh P.378)

95
As a girl she was under the tutelage of her parents;as an adult of her husband and as a
widow of her sons. Even under the liberal rules of Buddhism,a nun,however advanced

pu`qy jwie kvx gux,Avgux kvx mueyx ] jW bwpU kI BoieNVI cMp jwie Avryx(jy DwVvI ny bwpU dI
BoieN hI Aw KohI qW ausdy pu`qR dy ijauNdw rihx jW mr jwx iv`c kI Prk pYNdw) ieho g`l aus vyly gurU
jI ny khI, jy jIvY piq l`QI jwie sb hrwm jyqw ikCu Kwie qQw ijn jIvMidAw piq nhI muieAw
mMdI soie (pMnw 1242)

57

58

96

bRwhmxI krm-kWf ny hor s`p-vlyvW pw C`ifAw sI Aqy nwrI a~upr rIqW

kRWqIkwrI sMboDn gurU swihbwn dI idRStI dw sbUq qW hY hI sI ies ny nwrI

rsmW Awidk dy qrHW qrHW dy pRqIbMD lgw C`fy sn[ ies smyN dI AOrq dI

dI cyqnqw nUM vI jgw id`qw jo sdIAW qoN sON cu`kI sI[

khwxI kStW, rudnW qy duKWq dI lMmI dwsqwn hY ijs nUM smJky hI nwrI

izMdgI dy Aw^rI pVw qy gurU nwnk dyv jI ny Awpxy auqRwiDkwrIAW nUM

nwl ienswP kIqw jw skdw sI Aqy aus dw shI ibMb aujwgr kIqw jw skdw

hdwieq kr id`qI ik auh ies sMGrS nUM jwrI r`Kx[ nwrI gOrv dI bhwlI

sI[ ies idRStI qoN gurU swihbwn dw Xogdwn spSt hY[ aunHW dw pihlw

leI ip~CoN Awaux vwly gurU swihbwn Awpxy Awpxy smyN AwdyS idMdy rhy[ gurU

nwArw hI ieh sI ik mrd AOrq iv`c Prk smJxw hI gunwh hY[ jd ieh

Arjn dyv jI ny PurmwieAw, kwieAw ikrdwr Aaurq XkInw] rMg qmwsy

mMn lYNdy hW ik vwihgurU hr jIv AMdr vsdw hY qW ieh ikvyN ikhw jw skdw

mwix hkInw(pMnw 1084)[ Gr-pirvwr, Dn, iesqRI sMqwn Awidk dw

hY ik nwrI mrd nwloN GtIAw hY, mMdw iksno AwKIAY jW iqsu ibnu koeI

mhq`v jo gurU hirgoibMd jI ny smJwieAw auh AKwx vrgI siBAwcwrk

nwih (pMnw 13810) kI ieh ikhw jw skdw hY ik nwrI iv`c r`b nhIN hY

scweI hY[ Awp ny ikhw puqR inSwn hY pYsw guzrwn hY AOrq eImwn hY[

? Awpxy ies iv`cwr nUM hor vI spSt kridAw gurU jI ny fMky dI cot nwl
ikhw m 1] BMif jMmIAY BMif inMmIAY BMif mMgxu vIAwhu ] BMfhu hovY dosqI
BMfhu clY rwhu] BMfu muAw BMfu BwlIAY BMif hovY bMDwnu ] so ikau mMdw AwKIAY
ijqu jMmih rwjwn] BMfhu hI BMfu aUpjY BMfY bwJu n koie ] nwnk BMfY bwhrw
eyko scw soie ] ijqu muiK sdw swlwhIAY Bwgw rqI cwir ] nwnk qy muK
aUjly iqqu scY drbwir (pMnw 473)

bhuq mh`qv-pUrx hY[ gurU swihbwn ny AOrqW nUM r`bI hukm Anuswr mrdW

dy brwbr sQwn id`qw[ jdoN Drm Aqy smwj AOrqW nUM isrP in`jI jwiedwd
qoN v`D hor ku`J vI nhIN sI smJdw, is`K gurU swihbwn ny aunHW nUM smwijk
qy Dwrimk AwzwdI id`qI[ aunHW ny AOrqW au~pr buirAweI Aqy kucIlqw dw
lwieAw igAw it`kw pUMJ id`qw[ hux AOrq kwm-auswaU Aqy vrqxXog vsqU

BwrqI BwSwvW iv`c AOrq leI keI Sbd pRclq sn ijvyN jorU, zn,
znwnI, qIvIN, qRImq Awidk[ gurU swihbwn ny bIbI

pRis`D ivdvwn jYint lYNt Anuswr is`K gurU swihbwn dI AOrqW nUM dyx

97

nhIN sI rhI[ AijhI soc nUM gurU swihbwn ny mUrKqw AwiKAw

jI, byby jI, mwqw

jI, svwxI jI Awidk vrgy Sbd prXog krny AwrMB kIqy[ Aijhy sMboDk
SbdW ny BwrqI nwrI nUM mnoivigAwnk p`Dr qy nroeI SkqI id`qI[ hr vrg
dIAW AOrqW dI mwniskqw iv`c bxdw siqkwr jwigRq hoieAw[ bIbI
Sbd DI, BYx, mwqw leI sWJw hY[ koeI duinAwvI irSqw nw vI hovy ies
sMboDn nwl iez`q Aqy Apx`q dI sWJ bxdI hY[ ies Sbd nwl suhwgx
Aqy ivDvw dw AMqr imt igAw[ ij`Qy mnu`K dI aulwr nIqI ny smwj dIAW

Ajoky ivigAwnI gurU jI dI pMj sdIAW pihlW dI kQnwvlI nUM swrQk,

Bwv-pUrq, inAwie-sMgq, qwrikk Aqy lwBkwrI mMndy hn[ tYksws
XUnIvristI dw mno ivigAwnI fyivf bs (David Buss) swP swP ilKdw
hY, nw mrd Aqy nw hI AOrq ie`k dUjy nwloN GtIAw khy jw skdy hn[ kI

iksy pMCI dy KMBW nUM m`CI dy jl-prW nwloN jW kMgrU dIAW tMgW nwloN vDIAw
jW GtIAw ikhw jw skdw hY?

id`qI[ nwrI nUM ausdw h`kI gOrv Aqy Awqm-s`mwn pRwpq hoieAw[ ieh

99

is`K ivdvwn BweI swihb BweI gurdws jI ilKdy hn ik nwrI smwijk

DIAW nUM vysvw, rKyl, rMfI, Cu`tV, mu`l dI rMNn, Awidk durbcn boly sn au`Qy
hux bIbI Sbd ny AOrq dy sB prdy F`k id``qy Aqy smwjI ie`zq bKS

98

98

Each of the Supreme Being Gurus under authority of God gave women equal status.They
gained social and religious freedom at a time when the existing religions and society
considered women to be property.The false notion that they are inherently evil and
unclean was removed. A woman was no longer regarded as temptation-incarnate.The
Gurus exposed the folly of such notions(The Guru Granth Sahib is divine page 18)

Sbd bIbI muslmwnW iv`c prclq sI (ijvyN cWd bIbI Awidk) pihlI vwr ieh Sbd muhMmd dI puqRI bIbI
Pwqmw leI vriqAw igAw sI[ ip`CoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny kOr (SihzwdI jW rwjkumwrI) Sbd vrq ky AOrq nUM
hor vI mwx id`qw[

Neither women nor men can be considered superior nor inferior to the other any
more than a birds wings can be considered superior or inferior to a fishes fins or a
Kangaroos legs.(Evolutionary Psychologist David Buss University of Texas-America)

59

60

97

99

Aqy AiDAwqimk igAwn dw koS hY Aqy BweI swihb ies nUM mukqI dw duAwr

BweI gurdws Anuswr bwbw nwnk jI ny vI is`D BMgr nwQ nUM ieho imhxw

kih ky invwjdy hn] lok vyd gux igAn iv`c ArD sRIrI moK duAwrI]

mwirAw sI jd ikhw, nwnk AwKy BMgr nwQ qyrI mwau kuc`jI AwhI] BWfw

gurmuK su`KPl inhcau nwrI (5.16)[ is`K gurU swihbwn ny pihlI vwr nwrI

Doie n jwiqEn Bwie kuc`jy Pul sVweI]

nUM Gr pirvwr, smwj Aqy Drm dy Kyqr iv`c au~cw drjw id`qw Aqy Drm
pRcwr krn Aqy jIvn dy iviBMn KyqRW iv`c suqMqRqw nwl iv`crn dw mOkw
prdwn kIqw[ mrd nwl brwrI bKSI[ nrk duAwrI moK duAwrI bx
geI[

gurU jI ny ikhw ik jo mukqI ienswn bxW iv`c jw ky lB irhw hY auh

kyvl pirvwr iv`c rih ky hI imlxI sMBv hY[ loV hY qW kyvl iksy pUrn
gurU dI hyY jo Btky mn nUM rwh pw sky, nwnk siqgur ByitAY pUrI hovY jugq]
hsMidAw KylMidAw pYnMidAw KwvMidAw iv`cy hovY mukiq (pMnw 522)[ gurU
dw cmqkwr hI AyYsw hY ik auh jigAwsU nUM pirvwr iv`c rihMidAW Aqy p`uqW

5.3 pirvwrk jIvn

is`K gurU swihbwn ny sMinAws jW vwx-pRSQ Awidk ihMdU rIqIAW nUM
cMgw nhIN smiJAw[ ihMdU smJdy sn ik pirvwr iv`c rihx nwl mukqI
imlxI sMBv nhIN pu`qR klqr igRhsq myN vwsw] mukiq nw pweIAY rwm ky
dwsw[ ies dy ault gurU jI ny sB nUM igRhsqI jIvx jIx dI pryrnw id`qI
Aqy Awp auDwrx pyS kIqI[ gurU jI dy i^Awl Anuswr AOrqW dw swDvIAW
(Nuns) bx ky jIvn ibqwauxw PzUl hY[ aunHW ny ikhw ik sMinAwsI lok r`b
nUM jMglW iv`c jW qIrQW iv`c l`B rhy hn Aqy Awpxw kImqI jIvn BMg dy

DIAW dy ipAwr dw in`G mwxidAW hoieAW vI mukqI dw BwgI hox dw Byd

smJw idMdw hY[ siqgur kI AYsI vifAweI ] puqR klq iv`cy giq pweI
(pMnw 661)101 [ iesy iv`cwr nUM gurU qyZ bhwdr jI hor KolH ky ilKdy hn,
kwhy ry bn Kojn jweI ] srb invwsI sdw Alypw qohI sMig smweI ]
rhwau] puhp miD ijau bwsu bsqu hY mukr mwih jYsy CweI] qYsy hI hir bsy
inrMqir Gt hI KOjhu BweI] 1] bwhir Biqir eyko jwnhu iehu gur igAwnu
bqweI ] jn nwnk ibnu Awpw cInY imtY n BRm kI kweI] (pMnw 684)

BwVy nSt kr rhy hn [ prmwqmw jMglW, phwVW, dirAwvW jW p`QrW Aidk

is`K Drm Anuswr sWvyN suDry smwj leI AOrq Aqy mrd dw smwj

iv`c nhIN auh qW bMdy dy mn iv`c hI hY[ jY kwrix qit qIrQ jwhI ] rqn

iv`c iv`crdy rihxw zrUrI hY[ ieh ie`k dUjy dy pUrk hn[ gurU jI ny AOrq

pdwrQ Gt hI mwhI (pMnw 152) qQw Gt hI BIqir bsq inrMjnu qw

nUM sWJy pirvwr dw ie`k mh`qv puUrx AMg mMinAw Aqy AOrq dI rwey nUM sWJy

ko mrmu n jwnw (pMnw 633)[ pirvwrk jIvx jIx iv`c hI prmwqmw dI

pirvwr dI BlweI dw nINh p`Qr ikhw[ gurU jI ny bRhmcwrI rihx dI QW

pRwpqI sMBv hY qy ieho jIvn au~qm jIvn hyY[ gurU jI vloN 500 swl pihlW

jIvn-swQI leI suAwmI-BgqI (pqIvrqw Aqy iesqRI vrqw) rihx dw

khy gey ienHW SbdW nUM A`j dy smwj ivigAwnI mwnv-smwj dw nINh p`Qr

aupdyS idRVH krvwieAw[ igRhsqI dMpdI joVy leI jo ivDwn gurU jI ny

mMndy hn [100 pirvwrk jIvn iv`c ipAwr, brwbrI, ivSvwS, iqAwg Aqy

isrijAw auh sMKyp qOr qy ies qrHW hY, so igrhI jo ingRh krY] jpu qpu

ienswnI in`G hn jo jIvn dy zrUrI AMg hn[ pirvwr iv`c rih ky hI smwj

sMjm BIiKAw krY ] puMn dwn kw kry srIru] so igrhI gMgw kw nIru](pMnw

ivigAwn, siBAwcwr, sdwcwr Aqy kurbwnI dy zzby dI smJ pYNdI hY jo

952) [ BweI swihb BweI gurdws jI ies dI hor swdw SbdW iv`c

mn`uKI Asiq`qv dw AwDwr hn[ ie`Qy hI ienswn ie`k dUjy dI syvw krn

ivAwiKAw krdy ilKdy hn, ijauN jl kMvl Ailpq hY GirbwrI guris`K

dw zrUrI pwT is`Kdw hY[ pMjwbI lokW nUM pqw hY ik jdoN koeI mwVw kMm kry/

iqvwhI ] 96.15), GrbwrI jIvn mukiq lihr nhIN Bv loB ivAwpY

jW ho jwvy qW ikhw jWdw hyY ik ies dI mW/jW ipau ny ies nUM m`q nhIN id`qI[

(6.18)

100

The fountain of parents duties is loveherein appeareth the wise providence of

God,who by nature has so fixed it in the hearts of parents, as if there be any in whom it
aboundeth not,he is counted unnatural. (Of Domestic duties by W.George p.498)

61

Aijhw vIcwr pwrsIAW dy AwgU zrquSt ny vI pyS kIqw sI[ aus dw kQn hY, ie`k ivAwihAw hoieAw purS
iksy vI sMinAwsI nwloN AiDAwqmk qOr qy bhuqw au~cw su`cw hY[ (zrquSt)

101

62

ilKdy hn , Dnu jnnI ijin jwieAw Dnu ipqw prDwn ] (pMnw 32),

(a) mwqw dy rUp iv`c nwrI

iksy ivAwhuqw nwrI vwsqy mW bxn qoN aucyrw hor koeI mwx siqkwr
vwlw sQwn nhIN hY[ mW dy rUp iv`c nwrI Gr Aqy swry smwj vwsqy
kudrq dw ivSyS vrdwn hY[ smwj nUM A`gy qornw Aqy mnu`KI nsl nUM
sdIvIN ijauNdw r`Kxw ie`k bhuq v`fw Xogdwn hY[ gurU swihb mW nUM DMn
kihMdy hn qy ilKdy hn , kulu auDwry Awpxw DMnu jxydI mwieAw ]
(pMnw 138) qQw nwnk jnnI DMnI mwie ](pMnw 1257)
jdoN koeI kMvwrI lVkI mW bxdI hY qW Kyfx ku`dx dy cwA mlwr ip`Cy
rih jWdy hn[ b`icAW dw cIk ichwVw Aqy mDur AwpsI nok Jok hI
aus leI sMgIq bx jWdy hn[ bwlW dy h`Q PV ky aunHW nwl Kyfxw Aqy
lwf ipAwr krnW hI ausdw nwc bx jWdw hY[ aus dI bol cwl iv`c
qoqlwpx Aqy mDurqw Aw jWdI hY[ Gr pirvwr dy AkwaU kMm Aqy dUjy

sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c Anyk Sbd hn ijnHW iv`c mwqw dI ausqq
kIqI geI hY Aqy r`j ky aus dy guxw qy imhrvwnIAW dw js gwieAw
igAw hY[ gurU swihb ny mwvW dI vifAweI ies krky vI kIqI hY ik
auh pirvwrW dI syvw Aqy sMBwl dw au~qm kwrj krdIAw hn [ mW
vwsqv iv`c b`cy dI pihlI gurU huMdI hY[ auh nUrI pRkwS dw sRoq hY Aqy
pRym pRkwS nwl BrpUr moh dw swgr hY[ prmqwmw ny nwrI nUM ijhVI
BUuimkw leI Xog smiJAw hY aus leI auhI inrDwrq kIqI geI hY Aqy
iesy dw sdkw mwnvqw dw inkws Aqy ivkwS hoieAw hY[ gurU jI ilKdy
hn, Dnu sohwgin mhW pvIq] qpy qpIsr foly cIq ] sohwgin hY
Aiq suMdrI ] pg nyvr Cnk CnhrI (pMnw 872)
(A)BYx dy rUp iv`c nwrI

qIjy swl nvyN bwl dw jnm qy pwlx posx gMBIr ijMmyvwrI dy kMm hn

is`K gurU swihbwn Anuswr DIAW pirvwr dI soBw huMdIAW hn[ ieh

jo aus dw jobn Aqy suMdrqw ingl jWdy hn[ ies qrHW kMvwrypx iv`c

pirvwr dy suhj nUM inKwrdIAW Aqy ivksq krdIAW hn[ BYx Aqy

isrjy supny ie`k ie`k krky ikr jWdy hn, ie`CwvW dm qoV jWdIAW hn[

vIr dw ipAwr AwdrSk huMdw hY[ bwbul kY Gr bytVI bwlI bwlY

ieh sB qoN v`fw Awqm-iqAwg Aqy kurbwnI hY ijs leI mwnvqw

nyih (pMnw 935) BYx vIr au~pr ies pRkwr pRBwv pwauNdI hY ik aus

hmySw nwrI dI AwBwrI rhygI[

dI SKSIAq in`Kr sky[ dyiKAw igAw hY ik mOq BwvyN sB leI

mW dI god b`cy vwsqy svrg smwn huMdI hY[ lok gIq mwvW TMFIAW

duKdweI huMdI hY pr ies dw sB qoN v`D duKdweI AnuBv BYx hI krdI

CwvW swfy lok ivSvwS dw q`q bx igAw hY[ mwvW pwsoN moh dy g`Py
muPq imldy hn ijnHW nUM nw kyvl auh Awp mwxdI hY sgoN swrw pirvwr
Aqy b`cw Kud ies dw svrgI AwnMd lYNdw hY[ hzrq muhMmd swihb
dw kQn hY, mW dy crnW iv`c svrg vsdw hY[ mW smwj nUM bhuq
k`uJ idMdI hY pr bdly iv`c kuJ vI nhIN mMgdI[ mW dI ies byimswl
kurbwnI dw sdkw hI hY ik AsIN sbdW nwl mW jW mwqw Sbd joV
ky aunHW nUM Bwv-pUurq qy siqkwrXog bxw idMdy hW ijvyN DrqI mwqw,
mwq-BUmI, mW-bolI Awidk[ mW dy du`D dI au~cqw qy su`cqw nUM shuM dy qu`l
igixAw igAw hY Aqy puqR dI AxK nwl mW joV id`qI jWdI hY[
is`K gurU swihbwn ny mwqw dI pdvI nUM bhuq snmwn id`qw hY[ Awp
63

hY[ vIr dw ivCoVw aus leI Asih huMdw hY qy aus dw bYrwg T`ilAw nhIN
jWdw[ bIrw bIrw kir rhI bIr Bey bYrwie] bIr cly Gir AwpxY bihx
ibrih jil jwie] (pMnw 935)
(e) pqnI dy rUp iv`c nwrI
gurU swihb vloN DUAWDwr prcwr kIqw igAw ik nwrIAW nUM pUrn siqkwr
Aqy mrd dI brwbrI dw drzw id`qw jwvy[ ieiqhwisk scweI hY ik
gurU nwnk dyv jI AwpxI supqnI nUM pwrjwqu dw drjw idMdy sn[
Awp ilKdy hn, pwrjwqu Gir AWgin myrY puhp pqR qqu fwlw (pMnw
503)[ Awp bVy hI siqkwr nwl AwpxI supqnI nUM prmySr kIey
sul`KxIey kih ky bulwieAw krdy sn[ gurU Arjn dyv jI dy bcn64

kQn qW ies sbMD au~pr hor vI BrpUr pRkwS pwauNdy hn[ Awp ilKdy

is`iKAw dyx dy smr`Q sI[ eyfz (AIDS) vrgy Gwqk rogW qoN bcx

hn, sBu prvwrY mwih sryst ] mqI dyvI dyvr jyst ] Dnu su igRh

leI igRhsq jIvx Aqy ie`k-purK ie`k-nwrI ie`k AwdrSk GrogI

ijqu pRgtI Awie ] jn nwnk suKy suiK ivhwie ] Gru myrw ieh nwieik

irSqw hY jo nroey smwj Aqy Arog mwnvqw dw mwrg-drSn krdw hY[

hmwrI ] ieh Awmir hm guir kIey drbwrI] (pMnw 371)[ gurU jI

ies iv`c koeI S`k nhIN ik BwvyN gurU jI ny Axau`icq Aqy aulwr ilMg-

dw ieh vcn nwrI pRqI Bwvnw qy siqkwr au~pr BlI prkwr pRkwS

sbMDW iv`coN aupjy Gwqk rogW dw koeI nwm nhIN iliKAw pr ies qoN

pwauNdw hyY[ auh qW ies qoN vI A`gy jw ky ilKdy hn, inj BgqI

aupjx vwly nqIijAW dw vrnx KulH ky kIqw hY[ Awp ilKdy hn,

sIlvMqI nwir ] rUip AnUp pUrI Awcwir[ ijqu igRih vsY so igRhu

inmK kwm suAwd kwrix koit idns duKu pwvih] GrI muhq rMg

soBwvMqw (pMnw 370) [

mwxih iPir bhuir bhuir pCuqwvih (pMnw 403)[ vrijq irSiqAW

is`KW nUM s^q qwVnw kIqI geI ik auh iesqRIAW nUM iKfwauxw jW Kyf

qoN pYdw hox vwly sMkt dI qRwsdI nUM ibAwn krdy Awp ilKdy hn ik

dI vsqU nw smJx[ AwpxI pqnI qoN ielwvw dUjIAW AOrqW nUM drjy
Aqy aumr Anuswr DIAW ByYxW jw mwvW smwn smJx[ pr iqRA rUpu n
pyKY nyqR (pMnw 274)[ ies iv`cwr nUM hor vI spSt krn ihq BweI
swihb BweI gurdws jI ilKdy hn , dyiK prweIAW cMgIAW mwvW
DIAW BYxW jwxy (vwr 29.11)[ gurU Arjn dyv jI qW pRweI iesqRI vl
mMdI ingwh nwl q`kx vwly vwly nUM mUrK q`k kihMdy hn, ikAw
gwlwieE BUC pr vyil n johy kMq qU ] nwnk Pulw sMdI vwiV iKiVAw
hBu sMswru ijau (pMnw 1095)

Aijhy irSqy dI qklI& PnIAr nwg dy fMg vrgI Gwqk huMdI hY],
jYsw sMgu ibsIAr isau hY ry qYso hI iehu pr igRhu] (pMnw 403)
5.4 ilMg Bog iqAwg (bRhmcrX)
jIvn mMfl iv`c ilMg auqpqI Aqy ivkws dw kudrqI swDn hY[ hr
jIv nUM kwm dy rUp iv`c kudrq vloN AwpxI nsl vDwaux Aqy sMpUrxqw vl
vDdy rihx dw vsIlw id`qw igAw hY[ ies dw pRXog vI qrk au~pr AwDwrq
hY[ ienswn leI pyt dI Bu`K imtwaux leI ^urwk KwxI zrUrI hYy pRMqU loV
qoN vD KwDw Bojn rog nUM jnm idMdw hY[ AYn iesy qrHW ilMg-Bu`K imtwaux leI

ivAwh dy islisly iv`c gurU jI vloN isiKAw id`qI geI ik bgYr iksy

vI iksy h`d iv`c rih ky hI ienswn Arog rih skdw hY [ bRhmcrX iksy

^ws kudrqI kwrn dy ie`k qoN v`D ivAwh krvwauxw TIk nhIN[ ies

vyly ilMg-B`uK nUM inAMqRx iv`c r`Kx dy swDn vjoN SurU hoieAw hovygw[ ieh

sMDrB iv`c BweI gurdws jI ie`k AwdrSk siQ`qI dw icqrx krdy

mn bc krm Aqy cirqR duAwrw au~cw au~Tx dw ie`k AwdrS sI jo aulwr

ilKdy hn, eykw nwrI jqI hoie pr nwrI DI BYx vKwxY ] pr Dn sUAr

ho ky puUrx ilMg-iqAwg dy rUp iv`c Drm dw ih`sw bx igAw[ is`tw auh

gwie ijau mkrUh ihMdU muslmwxY ] GrbwrI gur is`K hoie is`Kw sUqR ml

inkilAw jo mnorQ dy ivpRIq sI Aqy ijs ny CyqI hI ilMg-iqAwg dy sucwrU

mUqR ivfwxY (1.19)[ sRomxI kmytI vloN 1998 iv`c CwpI geI pMjwbI

p`K nUM pwKMf iv`c bdl id`qw[ idKwvy dy jogI, sMinAwsI, iqAwgI, is`D,

rihq mrXwdw dy pMnw 24 au~pr ies iv`cwr nUM ies qrHW iliKAw igAw

swDU, mhMq Aidk pYdw ho gey jo Drm qoN iQVk ky kukrmW iv`c Ps gey[

hY, Awm hwlqW iv`c is`K nUM ie`k iesqrI dy huMidAW dUjw ivAwh nhIN

ienHW dy kukrmW dw smwj au~pr bhuq ByYVw Asr ipAw[ ies vyly dy ie`k

krnw cwhIey[ SwdI qoN bwhrly ilMg sbMD jW pr-nwrI nwl AXog

kvI vlI rwm jI hoey hn[ auh ienHW bRhmcrX lokW dI AslIAq dsdy

irSiqAW dy is`ty vjoN AnykW rog lgdy hn, qbwhIAW vwprdIAW hn

ilKdy hn, bwhroN gurU gosweIN suAwmI, AMqr kwm kRoD ky gwmI] bwhroN

Aqy mOqW vI huMdiAw hn[ Aj pRqIq kIqw jw irhw hY ik gurU swihb

kihqy iqRSnw burI, AMqr loB lihr kI CurI] bwhroN iPrqy bnw kupIn AMqr

dI 500 swl pihlW Awpxy is`KW nUM id`qI ieh hdwieq hr smyN swriQk

pMc AgnI ADIn]

65

66

Awm lok ienHW bRhmcrX AKvwauNdy nwQW jogIAW qoN frdy sn Aqy
ienHW ivr`uD kuskx dw vI hIAw nhIN kr skdy sn[ auh smJdy sn ik ieh

D`ky dI rwjnIqI dw iSkwr ho ky BwrqI siBAwcwr Aqy sdwcwr qoN ivhUxIAW

ho geIAW[ aunHW ny Awpxy gl iv`c ZulwmI dw qwk ^uSI ^uSI pw ilAw[

bhuq cmqkwrI SkqIAW dy mwlk hn[ gurU nwnk swihb in`fr ho ky ienHW
dy fyirAW iv`c jw vVdy, bihs krdy Aqy ienHW dw pwKMf auGwVdy[ gurUu jI
ny ienHW nUM smwj Aqy Gr pirvwr dy BgOVy Aqy ByKI ikhw[ ienHW dw nkSw
iKcdy hoey gurU jI ilKdy hn, hwQ kmMflu kwpVIAw min iqRSnw aupjI
BwrI ] iesqRI qij kir kwim ivAwipAw icqu lwieAw pr nwrI (pMnw
1013)[ ieh lok Awpxy ipMfy aupr suAwh Awidk ml ky, kMifAW aupr sON
ky, Aqy hor Aijhy pwKMfW nwl lokW iv`c AwpxI pRiqSTw bxwauNdy sn,
bwhir Bsm lypn kry AMqir gubwrI ] iKMQw JolI bhu ByK kry durmiq
AhMkwrI (pMnw 1243)

qIKx dUr-idRStI r`Kx vwilAW ny AnuBv qW kIqw ik prdw nwrI dy

Awqm-bl qy ie`k kwrI cot sI pr smyN dI cwl nUM dyKidAW aunHW ny cu`p
rihxw hI munwsb smiJAw[ nwrI nUM Ablw (bl rihq, kmzor) ikhw jwx
l`gw Aqy CyqI hI nwrI ny vI Awpxy Awp nUM Ablw hoxw prvwx kr ilAw[
BwrqI nwrI dI ^uSnsIbI hI smJo ik Aijhy smyN iv`c vI sRI gurU Amr
dws jI ny loV Aqy mjbUrI dw AMqr nwrI nUM smJwieAw Aqy DIAW BYxW nUM
Ablw (powerless) qoN sblw (powerful) bxn dw aupdyS dyxw AwrMB
kr id`qw[ aunHw ny fr , sihm Aqy Gutx dw pwj auGwiVAw Aqy infr ho
ky prdy qoN ibnW iv`crn dI hdwieq id`qI[ jdoN hrIpur dI mhWrwxI SrDw

gurU swihb AOrq nUM ivAwh krvwaux Aqy pirvwrk jIvx jIx leI

vjoN gurU jI dy drSn krn leI AweI qW gurU jI ny AwdyS id`qw ik GuMf

pRyrdy sn[ Awp dy iKAwl Anuswr, iesqRI rUp cyrI kI inAweI soB nhI

dw iqAwg kIqw jwvy[103 ijnHW DIAW BYxW ny gurU jI dI is`iKAw qy Aml

ibnu Brqwry[ aunHW ny nwrIAW dy Gr iqAwgx nUM burw AwiKAw Aqy GrbwrI

kIqw aunHW bwry gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI gvwhI hYy ik auh ZulwmI dy sMgl lwh

ho ky pqI dy sMg rihx nUM AwdrS jIvn imiQAw[ pqIvrqw Drm nUM sRySTqw

ky pUrn AwzwdI mwnx l`gIAW, lwj mrMqI mir geI GUGt Koil clI ]

bKSI[ gurU jI dy AwdySW nUM BweI gurdws jI KolH ky ies qrHW ilKdy hn,

swsu idvwnI bwvrI isr qy sMk tlI (pMnw 931)

jYsy piqbRqw prpurK n dyKXo cwhY, pUrn pqIvrqw ko piq hI mY DXwn

ieiqhws gvwh hY ik ip`CoN gurU goibMd isMG jI ny is`K bIbIAW nUM SSqr

hY (kib`q)

Dwrx Aqy SSqr iv`idAw lYx dI vI qwkId kr id`qI sI[ iesqRI dw

5.5 prdw

Awqm-bl au~cw krn leI gurU jI ny au~s dy nW mgr kOr( SihzwdI,

prdw, GuMf (GUMgt) jW JuMf Bwrq iv`c muslmwnW dy Awaux nwl hI

AwieAw[ muslmwn AOrqW nUM burkw pihnx dI hdwieq muhMmd swihb qoN
QoVw icr ip`CoN hI kr id`qI geI sI [102 BwrqI nwrI nUM prdw krn dw koeI
Dwrimk jW smwijk AwdyS ikDry vI nhIN imldw[ aus leI bwhroN Awey
DwVvIAW dIAW bwz A`KW qoN Awpxy Awp nUM bcwaux leI prdw krnw ie`k
mjbUrI bx igAw sI[ ihMdU smwj leI ieh ie`k vrdwn hI sI ijs nUM ^uSI
^uSI pRvwx kr ilAw igAw Aqy ieh CyqI hI BwrqI smwj dw ie`k Atu`t
AMg bx igAw[ vydk kwl dIAW suqMqr nwrIAW hux bwhrly siBAwcwr Aqy
102

burky bwry vKo v`Kry muslmwn iPrikAW dy iv`cwr v`Ko v`Kry hn [

67

rwjkumwrI) Sbd lwaux dI prpwtI vI SurU kr id`qI[ BweI kwnH isMG nwBw
Anuswr kOr Sbd kMvr dw qdBv rUp hY ijs dw ArQ hY Sihzwdw
jW rwjkumwr[ kMvr sMkt vyly Xu`D iv`c idsdw huMdw sI[ XoDy mMUh nhIN
sn CupwauNdy[ kMvr nMgy DV infr ho ky mYdwn iv`c inqrdy sn[ mUMh F`kxw
jW isr Cupwauxw hwr jW BWj dw sUck huMdw sI[ hux is`K nwrIAW vI Awpxy
BrwvW vWg mYdwn iv`c in`qrn lgIAW[ aunHW leI Awpxy BrwvW pwsoN rwKI
leI (r`KVI Awidk) Dwgy bMnHvwauxw koeI mu`l nhIN sI rKdw [104
is`K iesqrI leI prdw jW GuMf krnw au~icq nhIN (rihq mrXwdw pMjwbI pMnw 21) rhu rhu rI bhurIAw
GUMGt ijin kwFY (pMnw 484)

103

104

rKVI jW rKSw bMDn dw rvwj iesy smyN ipAw sI [is`K Drm dw ies nwl koeI sMbMD nhIN[

68

ieslwm vWg prdw krnw ZulwmI Aqy kmzorI dI inSwnI smJI jwx

jI ilKdy hn ik jy sUqk nUM jnm nwl sbMDq mMn ilAw jwvy qW sUqk qoN

lgI ikauNik ieh ivAkqIgq AwzwdI au~pr hmlw sI[ gurU jI ny ies nUMU

iksy qrHW vI Cutkwrw nhIN pwieAw jw skdw, jy kr sUqk mMnNIAY sB qy

htwaux auprMq ieh vI suqMqrqw bKS id`qI ik k`pVy pihnx au~pr ieslwm

sUqk hoie ] gohy Aqy lkVI AMdr kIVw hoie ] jyqy dwxy AMn ky jIAw bwJ

vWg koeI pwbMdI nhIN hovygI[ AOrq ijs qrHW dy cwhy k`pVy pwvy pRMqU vsqr

n koie (pMnw 472) is`K gurU swihbwn ny ies rsm dw s^q ivroD kIqw[

swdw hox Aqy BVkIyly kwm-aukswaU vsqrW qoN sMkoc kIqw jwvy [bwbw horu

gurU jI ny dlIl nwl smJwieAw ik ApivqR`qw jnm dyx iv`c nhIN sgoN

pYnxu KusI KuAwru] ijqu pYDY qnu pIVIAY mn mih clih ivkwr (pMnw 16)[

vihmW BrmW, kurIqW Aqy kukrmW iv`c huMdI hY jo mn nUM dUSq kr idMdIAW

5.6 sqI

hn[ AKI sUqku vyKxw priqRA prDn rUp] kMnI sUqk kMin pY lwieqbwrI

is`K gurU swihbwn ny sqI dI rsm

105

dw KMfn kIqw Aqy ies dI

pwlxw nw krn dw s^q hukm id`qw [ gurU nwnk swihb dw Purmwn hY ik

pqI dI mOq auprMq ibRhoN dI mwrI s`cI ivDvw auh hY ijhVI pqI dy sdIvI
ivCoVy aupRMq s`cw su`cw jIvn ijauNdI hY[, sqIAw eyih n AwKIAin jo
miVAw lig jlMin ] nwnk sqIAW jwxIAin ij ibrhy cot mrMin ] BI so
sqIAw jwxIAin sIl sMqoiK rhMin ] syvin sweI Awpxw inq auiT
sMmwlMin] (pMnw 787) ipCoN gurU Amr dws jI ny ies iv`cwr-Dwrw nUM hor

Kwih](pMnw 472)[ gurU jI ny sUqk auqwrn bwry is`iKAw id`qI ik AsL

suUqk jo swfy mMn AMdr Aw vsdw hY aus nUM kyvl igAwn nwl hI Doqw jw
skdw hY[ nwnk sUqk eyv n auqrY igAwn auqwry Doie
is`KW leI hukm hY :- gMgwidk qIrQ nih jwvYN ] sUqk pwqk nwih
mnwvYN ] jMjU iqlk nw Cwpw DwrYN ] SrHw ihMdUAW kI nhIN pwrYN ] (pMQ pRkwS
AiDAwie 85)
5.8 Awqimk / smwijk Byd-Bwv

prP`ulq kIqw[ Awp ilKdy hn, kMqW nwl mhylIAW syqI A`g jlwih] jy

AsIN ip`Cy d`s Awey hW ik ihMdU smwj iv`c ieh iv`cwr Awm Gr kr

jwxih ipr Awpxw qW qn duK shwih] (pMnw 787)[ gurU jI ny is`KW nUM

c`uikAw sI ik smwijk idRStI qoN nwrIAW purKW nwloN GtIAw huMdIAW hn[

ivDvw ivAwh dI vI AwigAw dy id`qI[

BwvyN purS pRDwnqw Aqy ivSySqw DwVvI hmilAW qoN pihlW hI kwiem ho

AwpxI pusqk is`K ienklwb dy pMnw 150 qy srdwr jgjIq isMG

jI ilKdy hn ik sqI dy ivru`D zordwr pRcwr nUM ivAwpk rUp dyx leI
siqgurU jI ny sqI Aqy prdy (GuMf) ivru`D swry Bwrq iv`c QW QW hukmnwmy
Byjy[

cu`kI sI pRMqU muslmwnW dy Awaux nwl ies dw pRcwr hor vI qyz hoigAw
ikauNik ieslwm iv`c vI AOrq nUM mrd nwloN GtIAw smwjI drjw id`qw
igAw sI[ kurwn SRIP Anuswr AOrqW au~pr mrdW dw pUrn AiDkwr hY
ikauNik A`lHw ny mnu`K nUM nwrIAW nwloN sRySt bxwky pdwrQk vsIly isrjx
vwlw bxwieAw hY (sUrw Al insw 4.34)[ is`K gurU swihbwn ny ies pRkwr

5.7 sUqk pwqk

dy ivqkry nUM BMifAw Aqy prcwr kIqw ik swrI ^lkq hI prmwqmw dI hY[

ihMdU smwj iv`c ieh iv`cwr pRclq sI ik mwqw b`cy nUM jnm dyx aupRMq

vrx, Dn, jwiedwd, pd, kOm jW zwqI Awidk dy smwijk Byd mnu`K ny

Apiv`qR ho jWdI hY[ ies iv`cwr nUM sUqk ikhw jWdw sI[ pRsUqw nwrI nUM 30

bxwey hn[ sB ienswn hI prmwqmw dIAW bKiSSW dy brwbr h`kdwr

idn q`k cOky c`ulHy iv`c jwx dI AwigAw nhIN sI huMdI[ ies sbMD iv`c gurU

hn[ koeI bwhrlw nhIN, koeI GtIAw nhIN[ sBy swJIvwl sdwiein qMU iksY

105
1547 iv`c bwdSwh Akbr ny sqI dI rsm qy pwbMdI lw id`qI sI pr ieh bMd nw hoeI[ rwjw rwm
mohn rwey ny lOrf ivLIAm bYNitMk nUM kih ky 7 dsMbr 1829 nUM ieh rsm Pyr bMd krvweI[ pMjwb
Aqy rwjpUqwny iv`c ieh rsm 1847 iv`c bMd krvweI geI[ 20vIN sdI iv`c rwjsQwn dI rUp kMvr
(rUp kOr) Pyr vI sqI hoeI[ auh hux q`k dI AwKrI sqI hY [

69

n idsih bwhrw jIau (pMnw 97)

ihMdU Drm iv`c jnyaU pwaux dw h`k kyvl purK nUM hI sI (Aqy Ajy vI
hY) ikauNik AOrq nUM AiDAwqimk qOr qy mrd nwloN nIvW smJ ilAw igAw
70

sI[ gurU jI ny spSt rUp iv`c pRcwr kIqw ik AiDAwqimk idRStI qoN vI

gurU jI ny srl bcnW duAwrw hdwieq kIqI ik Brm-pwaU Prk qy

mrd Aqy AOrq iv`c koeI ivKyvW nhIN hY[ siB Gt Awpy BogvY ipAwrw

ivqkry iqAwg ky p`ky ivSvwS nwl pRBU dI lIlw dyKxI cwhIdI hY[ iml

ivic nwrI purK sBu soie] nwnk gupqu vrqdw ipAwrw gurmuiK prgtu

jul ky krqy dI kIrqI krnw Aqy js gwauxw hI ienswn dw mu`dw mksd

hoie] (pMnw 605)[ r`b dw koeI rUp klipAw igAw qW auh vI mrd hI

hoxw cwhIdw hY[ Aijhw krn leI iqRMjx dIAW kuVIAW vWg ie`k`Ty hox dI

klipAw igAw[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c pihlI vwr gurU jI ny ieh gl

loV hY, Awvhu BYxy gil imlh AMik shylVIAwh] imil kY krh khwxIAW

spSt kIqI ik prmwqmw purK Aqy iesqRI dovyN hI hY[ nwnk mwq ipqw

sMmRQ kMq kIAwh ]swcy swihb siB gux Aaugx siB Aswh] (pMnw 17)

hY hir pRBu hm bwirk hir pRiqpwry] (pMnw 882)[ nYiqk Aqy AiDAwqimk

5.9 ividAw iv`c ivqkrw

rUp iv`c ivkisq Aqy jwgrUk iesqRIAW (Drm-pqnIAW , mwvW) hI mhwn

sMqwn nUM jnm idMdIAW hn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI ny qW ieh vI ikhw ik AOrqW
prmwqmw dI rzw nUM CyqI kbUldIAW hn, mweIAW r`b rzweIAW[
AiDAwqimk pirpyK iv`c qW gurU jI ny Awpxy Awp nUM vI pqnI Aqy
prmwqmw nUM pqI mMinAw hY, moih AnwQ grIb inmwxI ] kMq pkir hm
kInI rwnI ](pMnw 394), hm sh kyrIAW dwsIAw swcw Ksmu hmwrw]
(pMnw 729)
mn jdoN AMdr JwqI mwrdw hY qW hr ivqkry dw Brm dUr ho jWdw hY[
ijauN ijauN mn dI Koj iv`c prp`kqw AwauNdI hY iqauN iqauN vihmW BrmW dI
DuMD imtdI jWdI hY [106 ilMg Byd qW ie`k pwsy rhy swrI mwnvqw, swrI
isRStI iv`c hI eykqw qy smwnqw nzr Awaux l`g jWdI hY[ igAwn ho jWdw
hY qW purK Aqy nwrI dw Byd hI mu`k jWdw hY, purK mih nwir nwir mih
purKw bUJhu bRhm igAwnI ]( pMnw 879)[ ies hwlq iv`c ienswn nUM
swirAW iv`c hI purK Aqy swirAW iv`c hI nwrI nzr AwauNdy hn, nwrI
purKu, purKu sB nwrI sBu eyko purK murwry[ (pMnw 983)
106

107

bMdy Koju idl hr roz nw iPru pryswnI mwih ] (pMn 727)

Twkuru eyku sbweI nwir](pMnw 933) iesu jg mih purK eyku hY hor sglI nwir sbweI] (pMnw
591)[ ihMdU Bgq gwrgI, Aqy musilm sMq bIbI rwbIAw bsrI ilMg Byd ivru`D sn[ rwbIAw ny
iliKAw hY, qwilb-aul-dunIAW muAnu`saun, qwilb-aul-aukbw muK`nsaun[ qwilb-aul-mOlw
muz`kraun (dunIAW dy su`KW dI ie`Cw r`Kx vwlw iesqRI hY, surgW dI ie`Cw r`Kx vwlw Kusrw hY[ kyvl
prmwqmw dI ie`Cw r`Kx vwlw hI mrd hY)[ rwbIAw vWg dUsry sUPI PkIr vI r`b dy ilMg bwry Aijhy
hI iv`cwr rKdy sn[ msln AlI hYdr nUM hI lvo[ Awp ilKdy hn, mYN Kyf KyfW auhdy ieSk AMdr,
Srm lwh ky bxI mlMg shIE jW hYdr mINh krm dw v`sy,qW pl iv`c gulSn QInI hW mYyN iesy qrHW
Swh husYn jI ilKdy hn, ieSk qYNfy dI nihr vgy keI qrIAW krmW vwlVIAW, keI koJIAW lMG pwr
geIAW keI rovx SklW vwlVIAW[

107

71

ieiqhws swKI hY ik sdIAW q`k AOrqW nUM iv`idAw qoN vWJw r`iKAw
igAw[ Bwrq dI qwrIK iv`c pihlI vwr gurU Amrdws jI ( 1479-1574)
ny mwnvqw dIAW puqRIAW nUM aunHW dw iv`idAw lYx dw h`k prdwn kIqw[ nw
kyvl ienHW nUM igAwnvwn hox iv`c shwieqw kIqI sgoN ienHW nUM QW pr QW
jw ky Drm pRcwr krn leI vI izMmyvwrI sONpI[ gurU jI ny 146 Drm pRcwrk
Qwpy ijnHW iv`coN 52 iesqRIAW sn[ aus vyly dy s`uqy qy Avysly smwj iv`c ieh
ie`k kRWqIkwrI kdm sI[ ie`k pRkwr nwl ieh nwrI jwgRqI dw SuB AwrMB
sI ijs iv`coN smW pw ky ADuink nwrI iv`idAw dw AMkur Pu`itAw[
dyS ivdyS iv`c gurU jI ny 22 mMjIAW dI sQwpnw kIqI ij`QoN Drm
pRcwr Aqy smwijk kMmW leI smwj syvk iqAwr kIqy jWdy sn[ ienHW
iv`coN vI cwr mMjIAW dI izMmyvwrI nwrIAW nUM sONpI geI [108 mweI Bwg BrI
nUM kSmIr iv`c inXukq krky aus nUM do mMjIAW dI syvw sMBwlI geI[ mweI
syvW nUM kwbul (APZwinsqwn) iv`c inXukq kIqw igAw[ ie`k mMMjI m`Qo
Aqy murwrI ny sWJI sWBI r`KI[ Drm prcwr dy nwl nwl ieh igAwnvwn
iesqRIAW Gr Gr jwky pwT krdIAW, ArQ smJwauNdIAW, gurbwxI kIrqn
krdIAW, Aqy igRhsq jIvn iv`c Awqimk pMD dw mwrg-drSn krdIAW
sn[ ieiqhws ieh vI dsdw hY ik pUrI qrHW ilMg Byd dw Prk imtwaux
mIrw bweI ibRMdwbx iv`c suAwmI jIvwnMd nUM imlx geI qW jIvwnMd ny znwnI nUM imlx qoN ienkwr kr
id`qw[ mIrW bweI ny ie`k kwgz au~pr iliKAw, kI ibMdRwbx iv`c ikRSn jI qoN ibnw koeI hor mrd vI
hY? ikRSn Bgq suAwmI qurq bwhr in`kl AwieAw[ qvm pUmwn AsI, qvm kumwrw auqw vw kumwrI
(qUM hI mrd hYN qUM hI AOrq, qUM hI muitAwr hYN Aqy qUM hI g`BrU)[
hs hs qYnUM q`kxw s`jxW swfy idl dI SwdI vy, ie`kw msqI dohW AMdr ik`Qy nr qy mwdI vy ? (nnUAw)
108

keI ilKwrI ilKdy hn ik bwAd iv`c ieh igxqI 8 ho geI sI [

72

leI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny mrdW Aqy AOrqW nUM ie`ko bwty iv`coN AMimRq dI

dy GrIN phuMcwieAw [109 ies hnyrgrdI dy vyly vI bwbw bMdw isMG jI ny

dwq bKSI[ kihMdy hn ik AMiMmRq dI iqAwrI iv`c vI mwqw swihb kOr jI

ienHW hdieqW dI idRVHqw nwl pwlxw kIqI[ mOlvI Zulwm muheI-au-dIn

vloN pqwsy pwky ie`k nvW kOqk kIqw igAw ikauNik aus vyly iksy vI

AwpxI pusqk Piqhnwmw-ey-smDI iv`c ilKdw hY ik bMdw bhwdr ny

Dwrimk rIqI rsm iv`c AOrq dw Swml hoxw mnHW sI[ rUVHIvwd BwrqI

AwpxI POj nUM AOrqW nwl AwdrSk ivvvwr Aqy aunHW dy puUrn siqkwr bwry

ihMdU smwj iv`c nwrI nUM id`qI geI AijhI mh`qqw, AOrqW nwl iensw&,

bhuq s^q hdwieqW id`qIAW hoeIAW sn[ ivBcwr leI aus vloN bhuq hI

ilMg-ivqkry dy ivnwS, Aqy nwrI-gOrv dy mh`qv dw ieh ie`k Ku`lHw

s^q szw r`KI geI sI[

AYlwn sI[

ieh auh smW sI jd kSt iv`c mrd AwpxIAW mwvW, DIAW, BYxW Aqy

5.10 nwrIAW nwl duSkrm/ nwrI surKSw

nwrI-pq bwry gurU goibMd isMG jI ny s^q hdwieqW id`qIAW sn[

pqnIAW nUM DwVvIAW dy rihm qy C`f jwn bcw ky dOV jWdy sn[ ies d`uKW
Bry smyN dI inSwndyhI ie`k Bu`ldw jw irhw gIq krdw hY jo ies qrHW hY:

spSt hukm sI ik Xu`D aupRMq hwrn, mrn jW B`jx vwilAW duSmxW dIAW

nxd BrjweI cInw CVdIAW POj muZlW dI cVH Aw[

DIAW BYxw dI ie`zq AwbrU dw pUrw pUrw iKAwl r`iKAw jwvy[ ieiqhws iv`c

hY vy spwhI jWidAw qyrI gorI nUM kOx Cufw[

izkr hY ik ie`k vwr lVweI iv`c k`uJ muslmwn AOrqW isMGW dy h`Q lg

bwp hmwrw if`g ipAw vIr ipAw gS Kw,

geIAW Aqy auh aunHW nUM PV ky gurU jI pws lY Awey Aqy ikhw, muslmwn

kMq hmwrw h`s ipAw mYN krsW hor ivAwh[

swfIAW DIAW BYxw nwl durivvhwr krdy hn swnUM vI ienHW nwl ausy qrHW dw

hY vy spwhI jWidAw myrI vIxI nUM Awx Cufw [

ivvhwr krn dI AwigAw id`qI jwvy[ gurU jI ny au~qr id`qw, hm ly jwnhu

ies gIq iv`c ijs ispwhI dw izkr AwieAw hY auh guris`K sn jo

pMQ aucyry[ Xwd r`Ko ik aucyry au~fx leI inrMqr Xqn qy ihMmq dI loV
huMdI hY[ kukrm swnUM vI aunHW vWg hI nIcqw vl lY jwvygw[ jy aunHW iv`c Aqy
is`KW iv`c Prk hI koeI nw irhw qW jMg Xu`D kwhdy leI? ndOx dI lVweI
iv`c Sihzwdw muAzm dI bygm is`KW dy h`Q Aw geI[ ieh bhuq hI suMdr
AOrq sI[ is`KW ny gurU jI nUM ikhw ik auh ie`k vwr prdw cu`k ky ies AOrq
dI suMdrqw qW dyK lYx Pyr BwvyN C`f hI dyx[ gurU jI ny hukm id`qw ik prdy
nUM h`Q vI nw lwieAw jwvy Aqy AOrq nUM qurq aus dy pirvwr q`k phuMcwaux
dw pRbMD kIqw jwvy[
nwrIAW dI hwlq pMjwb iv`c lMmy smyN qoN in`GrdI Aw rhI sI pr gurU
goibMd isMG jI qoN bwAd ies iv`c bhuq qyzI nwl inGwr AwieAw[ p`Cm
qoN Awaux vwly DwVvIAW ny nw isrP sony dI icVI khwauNdy Bwrq dy hI KMB
Koh su`ty blik Dn jobn dI lu`t iv`c nwrIAW nUM gznI, bl^,bsry Aqy
buKwry iljw ky tky tky nUM vyicAw igAw[ ies vyly is`K mrjIviVAW ny
DwVvIAW dy rwh roky, h`ly boly Aqy AnykW Ablw iesqRIAW nUM Cufw ky aunHW
73

110

jwn hUl ky AYsIAW AOrqW dI mdd leI pu`j jWdy sn[ ienHw nUM Aksr k`C
vwlw ikhw jWdw sI[ ie`k hor gIq iv`c ienHW dw QoVHw ijhw Jlkwrw imldw
hY : CeI CeI rMn bsry nUM geI, vy moVIN bwbw k`C vwilAw[
1764-65 iv`c kwzI nUr muhMmd Awp Kud is`KW nwl liVAw[ auh
Awpxy jMg nwmy iv`c ilKdw hY, ieh lok AOrq dw Dn mwl jW gihxy nhINN
lu`tdy BwvyN auh ZrIb nOkrwxI hovy jW SwhI AOrq[ ienHW k`uiqAW iv`c
109
14 jnvrI 1761 nUM mrh`ty Aihmd Swh AbdwlI qoN hwr gey[ Aihmd Swh lg pg 5000 mrwTI
znwnIAW lY ky vwps prq irhw sI ik pMjwb iv`c is`KW ny hmlw krky nw isrP AbdwlI nUM hI
BjwieAw sgoN 2200 lVkIAW Cufw ky Gr Gr phuMcw ky Awey [ ieh kuVIAW nUM GoiVAW au~pr ibTw ky
lY gey Aqy Awp qur ky[ AMgRyz ilKwrI kinMGm ies bwry ilKdw hY, pUrb iv`c nwrI rKSw dw v`fw
kwrnwmw (the greatest act of chivalry in the East) ienHW sUurimAW dw izkr muhMmd lqIP
AwpxI pusqk Histroy of the Sikhs (page 316-317) iv`c kridAw ilKdw hY ik ienHW ny hzwrW
hI auDwLIAW hoeIAW kYdI AOrqW nUM DwVvIAW qoN Awzwd krvw ky bcwieAw qy GrIN phuMcwieAw[

swfy ieiqhws nUM rUpmwn krn vwly Aijhy AnykW lok-gIq hn jo hux Alop ho rhy hn[ kuJ ku gIq
AsIN ies pusqk dy AMq iv`c ilK id`qy hn[

110

74

ivBcwr au~kw hI nhIN[ AOrq BwvyN jvwn hovy BwvyN bu`FI ieh mweI kih ky

dw h`k dy id`qw sI[ aunHW nUM AwpxI in`jI slwh jW rwey dyx dw pUrw pUrw h`k

bulwauNdy hn Aqy Awpxy rwh qoN pry clI jwx leI AwK idMdy hn[ (jMg

sI[ p`CmI dySW iv`c vI Aijhw h`k AOrqW nUM lMmy sMGrS bwAd hI pRwpq

nwmw kwzI nUr muhMmd pMnw 172-75)

hoieAw[ sMswr dy aunq dyS AmRIkw iv`c nwrI nUM vot dyx dw h`k 1920 iv`c

111

1763 iv`c ksUr dy bRwhmx dI pqnI nUM au~QoN dw muslmwn swSk

ausmwn Kwn c`uk ky lY igAw[ srdwr hrI isMG Aqy srdwr cVHq isMG ieh

jw ky imilAw auh vI lMmI j`do jihd qoN bwAd ijsdw nw sI eykqw leI
t`kr ( Stike for equality) [

AMqRrwStRI kOmWqRI sBw (U.N.O.) ny 1952 iv`c hyT iliKAw inXm

^br suxidAW hI AMimRqsroN kUc kr ky ksUr pu`jy Aqy lVkI nUM Cu`fvwieAw[
iesy swl nwdr Swh dy jrnYl jhwn KW dI bygm Aqy b`cy is`KW dy h`Q Aw

bxwieAw:

gey[ Kwlsw jI ienHW nUM Kud jMmU C`f ky Awey[ ie`k vwr bsI pTwxw dI bygm
is`KW dy h`Q l`g geI [ gurU goibMd isMG jI dy spu`qr AjIq isMG ny aus nUM
Awp Gr phuMcwieAw[
rihqnwimAW duAwrw vI idRVHqw Aqy suihrdqw nwl ies gux dw pRcwr
kIqw igAw jo hOLI hOLI is`K inAwey-mwxis`kqw dw Atu`t AMg bx igAw[
pr bytI ko bytI jwnY[ pr iesqRI ko mwq bKwny] AwpxI iesqRI isau
riq hoeI[ rihqvwn gur kw is`K soeI] (rihqnwmw BweI nMd lwl)[ dyKo
vrqmwn is`K rihq mrXwdw pMnw 21[
5.11 ivDvw ivAwh

112

Women are entitled to vote in all elections on equal terms

with men, without any discrimination.
prSIAn glP dy Awly duAwly dy bhuqy muslmwn dyS Ajy vI AOrqW
nUM brwbr dy h`k nhIN dy rhy[ aunHW dy rwh iv`c kurwn ie`k roVw bixAW
hoieAw hY[
5.13 kuVI-Gwq
Bwrq iv`c kuVI mwrn dw kukrm iksy nw iksy rUp iv`c kwPI icr qoN
irhw hY[ A`j klH ivigAwnk FMgW nwl grB iv`c pl rhy b`cy dy ilMg dI
pCwx ho skdI hY Aqy keI pRkwr dIAW fwktrI dvweIAW dy ivkws nwl

Bwrq iv`c ivDvwvW dI mMdI hwlq leI vDyry krky bRwhmx hI

grB-pwq dw irvwj lgBg ie`k smwijk rog hI bx igAw hY[ bdiksmqI

izMmyvwr sn[ ivDvwvW leI ic`ty kpVy pwauxy, smwijk kMmW qoN iknwrw

nwl AOrqW vI ies kukrm iv`c mu^wlPq dI QW pUrw sihXog dyx lg

kSI, Aqy ku`J hwlqW iv`c jbrI kys kql krny szwvW im`Q id`qIAW

peIAW hn ijs krky BrUx-h`iqAw Awm ho geI hY[ kwnUMn qW hY pr kwnUMn

geIAW sn[ is`K gurU swihbwn ny ivDvw AOrqW nUM dobwrw SwdI krvwaux dI

nUM qoVx leI hr sMBv Xqn kIqw jWdw hY[ DIAW jMmx qoN pihlW hI mwr

AwigAw id`qI Aqy bRwhmx v`loN lweIAW geIAW pwbMdIAW dI s^q ivroDqw

id`qIAW jWdIAW hn[ APsos nwl kihxw pYNdw hY ik bhuq swry is`K vI ies

kIqI[ vihmW-BrmW, mMdy ivhwrW Aqy gMdI soc qoN mukq hox leI dUsry

mhW pwp dy BwgI bx gey hn[

ivAwh leI v`fI pRyrxw id`qI[ iesqRIAW nUM muV Dwrimk, smwijk Aqy
rwjsI kwr ivhwr iv`c ih`sw lYx leI pryirAw[

is`K Drm dI AOrqW pRqI siqkwr vwlI Bwvnw Aqy purwqn rIqW rsmW
dw ivroD iksy mOky swrI dunIAW iv`c slwihAw jWdw sI[ SRI sI. AYc. pyn

5.12 suqMqr rwey Aqy PYsly dw h`k

gurU nwnk dyv jI ny Awpxy smyN qoN hI nwrIAW nUM hr Kyqr iv`c brwbr
111

ies sbMD iv`c hrI rwm gupqw dI pusqk History of the Sikhs dy pMny 288-290 pVHo

75

sMswr iv`c AOrq nUM brwbr dw (vot dyx dw) h`k kdoN kdoN imilAw [ inaUzIlYNf 1893, AwstRylIAw
1902, iPnlYNf 1906, nOrvy 1913, rUs 1917, knyfw 1918, jrmnI, AwstrIAw Aqy pOlYNf
1919, XU.AYs.ey 1920, PRWs 1945, Bwrq 1949. pwiksqwn 1956, ieMglYNf ny 30 swl qoN vfyrIAW
AOrqW nUM ieh h`k 1930 iv`c id`qw Aqy jwiedwd dw h`k 1875 iv`c id`qw [
112

76

ilKdy hn : bwlVIAW nUM mwrn dI mwVI iprq ie`k lMmy smyN qoN pMjwb iv`c

cldI Aw rhI sI[ is`KW ny ies dw s^q ivroD kIqw[ sqI hox dI du`K BrI
mwVI rsm nUM T`lH pweI[ Bjn-bMdgI ,pwT-kIrqn dI inXmwvlI bxweI
geI[ ivAwh SwdI, jwiedwd dI ivrwsq dy nvyN inXm bxwey gey[ ies qoN
pihlW is`KW aupr ihMdU inXm hI lwgU huMdy sn [

113

is`K rihq mrXwdw dw hyT iliKAw inXm hux iblkul by Asr ho

5.14 dyv dwsIAW

dyv dwsIAW auh lVkIAW huMdIAW sn ijnHW nUM mMdrW iv`c dyvI dyviqAW
dIAW mUrqIAW A`gy nwc krn leI r`iKAw jWdw sI[ is`K gurU swihbwn ny
Aijhy lokW nUM s^q nw-psMd kIqw hY jo AwpxIAW DIAW BYxW nUM dwsIAW bxw
ky Byjdy sn[ ieh irvwj vI sI ik bRwhmx dy kihx qy lok AwpxIAW
pqnIAW bRwhmx jW mMdr dI Bytw cVHw idMdy sn[ ies rvwj bwry izkr gurU
gRMQ swihb iv`c vI keI vwr AwieAw hY[ jy Ehu gRhn krY kulKyiq] ArpY

igAw lgdw hY[

is`K DIAW nhIN mwrngy Aqy aus pirvwr iv`c lVkIAW vI nhIN
ivAwhuxgy ijs pirvwr iv`c Aijhw kukrm huMdw hovy[

nwir sIgwr smyiq] (pMnw 875)

5.15 vrq (Feast)

ies vkq cIn qy Bwrq (sMswr dI AwbwdI dw 40%) kuVIAW mwrn

ihMdU Drm iv`c bhuq swry AYsy vrq vI hn ijhVy isrP AOrqW hI

iv`c sB qoN A`gy hn[ fylI tYlIgrwP dI 22.7.05 dI rIport Anuswr

r^dIAW hn[ i^Awl kIqw jWdw hYy ik ik Aijhy vrq r`Kx nwl pqIAW

cIn iv`c mrd Aqy iesqRI dw Anupwq 118 - 100 hY Aqy hr swl

dI aumr lMmI ho jWdI hY[ hr mhIny lg pg ie`k do vrq Aw hI jWdy hn[

20,000 lVkIAW nUM auDwilAW qy vyicAw jWdw hY[ Anumwn hY ik 2020

kdy sMGyVw, kdy nrwqy, kdy sMqoSI mwqw, kdy mhW lkSmI, kdy krvw

qk 23000000 cInI lok CVy rih jwxgy[ 1991 dI jn gxxw

cOQ,kdy ie`kwdSI, kdy cOdS Aqy kdy m`isAw puMinAw dy vrq [ keI rIqW

(Census) Anuswr Bwrq iv`c mrd-iesqRI dw Anupwq 100-88.8 sI[

rsmW ienHW vrqW qy kIqIAW jWdIAW hn ijvyN pwxI au~pr dIvy qwrny,

pwTk AMdwzw lw skdy hn ik Bwrq dw 2020 iv`c kI hwl hovygw[

miLHAW /JwVIAW a~upr Awty dy pyVy rKxy, KIr pUVy cVHwvy vjoN dyxy, sUrj

kudrq iv`c mrd iesqRI dw Anupwq 105-100 hY[ is`KW nUM nINd iv`coN

nUM jl dyxw, cMdrmw nMU ArG dyxw Aqy nwg-pUjw Awidk krn dI lMmI ilst

jwgxw cwhIdw hY[

hyY[ Bu`K qy ipAws brdwSq krky swrw idn ku`J nw Kwxw Aqy ies qrHW vrq

ieh bVI h`iqAw hY, kMinAw dw drb lYxw qy kMinAw mwrnI pr sMswr
ies hiqAw iv`c lg irhw hY (jnm swKI BweI bwlw)
guris`K kMinAw nw mwry, kuVImwr nwl nw vrqy, kMinAw dw pYsw nw
Kwey (rihqnwmw BweI cOpw isMG)
is`K mq iv`c bytI p`uqr qu`l hY[ kuVImwr nwl vrqoN krn dw hukm
nhIN hY[ (gurmq mwrqMf BweI kwnH isMG nwBw)

sMpUrx krn aupRMq hI pwxI AMn syvn krnw huMdw hY[ qurYq, AMjIL
(bweIbl) kurwn SRIP Aqy ihMdU Dwrimk gRMQ vrq (rozy) dy Prz, mrXwdw
Aqy mh`qv dsdy hn[ XhUdI 40 idn Aqy muslmwn lgwqwr 30 idn rozy
(vrq) rKdy hn[ keI rozy (vrq) znwnIAW qy mrd dovyN rKdy hn[
is`K gurU swihbwn Bu`Ky rihx nUM koeI ivSySqw nhIN idMdy[ srIr nUM kSt
dyx Aqy Bu`Ky rih ky sMkt shyVn nUM aunHW ny inrwrQk ikhw hY [AMn n
KwieAw swdu gvwieAw (pMnw 467) gurUu jI Anuswr Bu`K dw AiDAWqmvwd
nwl iksy vI prkwr dw koeI myl nhIN hY AMn nw Kwih dyhI duKu dIjY]ibnu

113

Female infanticide , a custom prevalent then and for many years after in the
Punjab,was strictly forbidden,as was also the practice of Sati; and rules and regulations
were enjoined relating to daily worship, marriage, the law of inheritance,and other matters in which the Sikhs had hitherto conformed to Hindu laws.

gurigAwn iqRpiq nhIN QIjY] (pMnw 905)[ ies nwl igAwn qW koeI pRwpq

77

78

nhIN huMdw aultw dyhI nUM kSt huMdw hY AMn qy rhqw duKu dyhI shqw] (pMnw

1348)[ keI ihMdU lok cMdrmw dw vrq rKdy hn Aqy ies nwl k`uJ kQw

peIAW[ loV pYx qy ienHW ny Xu`D iv`c ku`dx qoN vI sMkoc nw kIqw[ cOky culHy

khwxIAW vI joV r`KIAW hn[ ies bwry gurU jI dw Purmwx hY vrq krih

qoN lY ky rx-Kyqr qk hr p`K iv`c AwpxI hsqI dI pCwx krvweI[ iksy

cMdwRiexw sy ikqY n lyKM (pMnw 1099)[ vrqW bwry sUrj pRkwS dy krqw

vI Dwrimk gRMQ iv`c AOrqW dw izkr ienHy siqkwr nwl nhIN hoieAw hovygw

ilKdy hn, hmry gur ky is`K hYN jyeI, Alp Ahwr vrqI inq syeI (sUrj

ijMnw ik is`K Drm gRMQ iv`c hY[ mwqw KIvI jI leI blvMf jI gurU gRMQ

prkwS)[ is`K nUM hukm hY ik Kwxw QoVHw Kwvy (Alp AhwrI hovy)y Aqy loV

swihb jI iv`c pUrI ie`k pOVI ilKdy hn Aqy aunHW nUM Sbd nyk jn nwl

qoN ibnw nw Kwvy[ ieho is`K dw vrq hY[

invwjdy hn[ mD kwl iv`c iksy AOrq leI isPqI dy Aijhy Sbd vrqxw

5.16 ADInqw-mukq nwrI

kRWqIkwrI idRStIkox dw sUck sI[

byloVIAW Aqy PzUl rsmW irvwjW qoN mukq is`K nwrI sMswirk, AwriQk
Aqy smwijk kMmW iv`c mrd dy brwbr Swml hox lgI[ nwrIAW dw svYivSvwS Aqy Awqm-bl viDAw[ auh smJx lg peIAW ik auh iksy qrs
jW rwKI dIAW pwqr nhIN hn[ syvw, kurbwnI, iqAwg Aqy bIrqw iv`c auh
mrdW dy brwbr Aw KVoeIAW[
is`K iesqRI hux smJ geI sI ik mrd AwpxI socxI iv`c hr vyly
TIk hI nhIN huMdy auh vI ZlqI kr skdy hn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr jI jdoN
sRI AMimRqsr swihb dy drSn krn gey qW msMdW ny aunHW nUM rok id`qw sI
pRMqU mweIAW ny mrdW dy ivr`uD jw ky vI gurU jI nUM drSn krn leI mnw ilAw
Aqy siqkwr nwl drbwr swihb iv`c lY ky AweIAW[ ipCly is`K ieiqhws
ny ies nv-jwigRqI nUM hor vI auqswihq kIqw Aqy nvIAW lIhW pweIAW[
is`K nwrIAW nUM ivAkqIgq pCwx imlI Aqy aunHW ny Dwrimk smwgmW
iv`c mrd dy brwbr Bwg lYxW AwrMB kr id`qw ijs dI ik sdIAW qoN aunHW
nuMU mnwhI rhI sI[ hux auh ^ud kIrqn Aqy pUjw pwT krn lg geIAW Aqy
iksy bRwhmx iv`coly dI koeI loV hI nw rhI[

114

ies qrHW ip`CoN is`KW au~pr

Awey kStW dy simAW iv`c kIrqnkwrW, ivAwiKAwkwrW Aqy Drm-prcwrkW

dI kmI iksy h`d q`k puUrI huMdI rhI Aqy ieh iesqRIAW is`K Drm nUM jIvq
r`Kx Aqy pRPulq krn iv`c shweI hoeIAW[ is`K iesqRIAW smwijk,
siBAwcwrk, rwjnIqk Aqy ZYr-iPrkU gqIivDIAW iv`c vI Bwg lYx l`g
114
dyKo is`K rihq mrXwdw 1998 md 2.2 pMnw 27. Xwd rhy ik ihMdU AOrq nUM vyd pwT dI AwigAw nhIN Aqy
muslmwn AOrq msijd iv`c nhIN jw skdI [

79

80

p`CmI AOrqW ivAkqIvwd Aqy in`jI suqMqrqw nUM mh`qv idMdIAW

hn[ eySIAw dIAW AOrqW ies qrHW dy jIvn FMg nUM svwrQI smJdIAW
hn[ pUrbI AOrqW 18 swl dI aumr iv`c p`CmI AOrqW vWg Awzwd ho ky

kWf 6
p`Cm qy ie`k pMCIJwq
pUrb pUrb hI hY Aqy p`Cm p`Cm hI hY[ dohW dw myl AsMBv hY[
(pRis`D ivdvwn Aqy icMqk ikpilMg)
jy iksy smwj dI siBAwcwrk Aqy AiDAwqimk pRgqI nUM jwnxw hovy
qW aus smwj iv`c ieh dyKx dI loV huMdI hY ik aus smwj ny nwrI nUM ikMnW

GroN nhIN jWdIAW sgoN prspr pirvwrk moh iv`c jkVIAW smwjI gux
is`KdIAW Aqy pirvwr pRqI mrdy dm q`k v&wdwr rihMdIAW hn[ p`CmI
AOrqW ivAwh aupRMq mwipAW nwl Awpxw irSqw jy pUrI qrHW nhIN qoVdIAW
qW ies nUM ie`k dm byloVw smJx l`g pYNdIAW hn[ aunHW dw mwipAW nwl
myl jol lg pg smwpq hI ho jWdw hY[ ies dy ault BwrqI AOrqW ieh
irSqw kwiem rKdIAW hn Aqy smyN smyN mW bwp Aqy BYxW BrwvW nwl
Awaux jwx swrI aumr leI bixAw rihMdw hyY[

Awdr jW siqkwr id`qw hY[ ies Anumwn nUM hor swriQk bxwaux leI
iv`idAw, ieiqhws, Drm, lokXwn, isRSTwcwr, nYiqkqw Aqy rsmW rvwjW
dw AiDAn krnw vI zrUrI huMdw hY[

pMjwbI nwrIAW nUM Gr iv`c mu`F qoN hI ieh is`iKAw idqI jWdI hY ik
pqI qoN ibnw swry mrd vIrW jW bzurgW vWg smJxy hn Aqy CoitAW nwl
pu`qrW vwg ivvhwr krnw hY[ lVikAW nUM vI iehI is`iKAw imldI hY ik

pUrb iv`c ivAwh qoN pihlW AOrqW dI mn-pivqRqw AMg-pivqRqw qy

pqnI qoN ielwvw sB znwnIAW mwvW, BYxW, DIAW Awidk dI qrHW smJxIAW

SuD kMvwrypx nUM siqkwr id`qw igAw hY[ ieMnHW guxW dI ivSyS sMBwl ie`k

hn[ ieh nYiqk qy ivvhwirk AsUl gurU swihbwn dI AwdrSk is`iKAw

piv`qR Prz vjoN kIqI jWdI hY Aqy ies nUM nwrI-Drm dI injI nYiqkqw

vjoN hr b`cy b`cI dy kMnW iv`c inrMqr gUMjdw rihMdw hY Aqy is`K mwniskqw

Aqy smwijk sdwcwr dw ie`k zrUrI ih`sw smiJAw jWdw hY[ p`CmI smwj

dw ie`k Ain`KVvW AMg bx igAw hY [115 p`CmI nwrI leI AijhI koeI

iv`c ies p`K auu~pr iDAwn nhIN id`qw jWdw qy ies nUM lVkI dw in`jI

is`iKAw nhIN[ aus leI ipau qy Brw qoN ibnw hr mrd ilMg sbMD leI

muAwmlw smiJAw jWdw hY[ ies dw ieh mqlb nw lY ilAw jwvy ik pC`m

vriqAw jw skdw hY[ nw koeI aumr dw lyKw dyiKAw jWdw hY nW irSqy dw[

iv`c Su`D Awcrx vwlIAW iesqRIAW huMdIAW hI nhIN hn[ swfw mqlb hY

skUl AiDAwpk /AiDAwpkwvW Awpxy ividAwrQIAW nwl Awm ivAwh

ik p`Cm dw idRStIkox ies sbMD iv`c pUrb dy idRSStIkox nwloN v`Krw hY[

krvw lYNdy hn[ ijnHW dIAW l`qW kbrW iv`c huMdIAW hn 70-80 swl dy

p`CmI nwrIAW bwry ku`J q`Q bVy spSt hn[ auh pVHIAW ilKIAW, suqMqr,

bu`Fy 17-18 dI lVkI nwl ivAwh krvw lYNdy hn[ pu`qW poiqRAW vwlIAW

audmSIL, inriJ`jk Awqm-ivSvwSI Aqy Awpxy ik`qy dIAW mwhr huMdIAW

dwdIAW pVdwdIAW Awpxy leI ALUMey muMfy l`B lYNdIAW hn Aqy ienHW dy

hn[ ilMg sbMDW bwry aunHW dw igAwn pUrn huMdw hY[ ies dy ivpRIq pUrb

ivAwhW iv`c ienHW dy poqRy poqRIAW KuSI KuSI Swml huMdy hn[

dIAW nwrIAW Awm qOr qy Srmwkl, G`t pVHIAW ilKIAW, hlIm, swaU,

pMjwb iv`c nwrI nUM sMpUrxqw dyx vwlw gux AOlwd nUM mMinAW jWdw hY Aqy

BolIAW BwlIAW, pirvwr-kyNdrq, pqI-AwiSRq Aqy AwigAwkwr huMdIAW

(Kws kr ky pihlw) b`cw pYdw hox qy KuSIAW mnweIAW jWdIAW hn[ pMjwbI

hn[ BwvyN p`CmI AOrqW ieh dwAvw kr skdIAW hn ik bOiDk rUp iv`c

siBAwcwr Anuswr mwqw-pd nUM nwrIqv dy ie`k dYvI gux vjoN ilAw jWdw

auh bhuq aun`q hn pr ies iv`c koeI S`k nhIN ik sdwcwr, iqAwg,

hyY ijs kwrx pYdw hoey b`cy leI mwqw pUjxXog mMnI jwx lg jWdI hY Aqy

svY-kwbU , sMjm, Aqy AiDAwqimkqw iv`c auh pUrbI (^ws kr ky

115

pMjwbI) nwrIAW nwloN ikqy ip`Cy hn[

81

pr Dn pr qn pr kI inMdw ien isau pRIiq n lwgY] pr Dn pr dwrw isau ricE ibrQw jnmu isrwvY ](pMnw
632), pr Dn pr dwrw pr inMdw ien isau pRIiq invwir] (pMnw 379)

82

smwj iv`c mwqw nUM siqkwr dw pwqr grdwinAw jWdw hY[ ies qrHW pMjwbI

ieMgLYNf iv`c vsy pMjwbI pirvwr Ajy q`k ies rog qoN iksy h`d q`k b`cy hoey

jIvn dI rO sihj sMgIqmeI ndI vWg vihMdI rihMdI hY[ p`Cm dy cOKty

hn[ b`cy dI prvirS Aqy sMBwl dI izMmyvwrI pirvwr Aqy mwqw ipqw imlky

iv`c ijhVI qsvIr idsdI hY auh ie`k mW dI QW bIvI jW AwiSk (Boy

lYNdy hn ijs nwl sMqwn nMU Xog syD imldI hyY[

friend) jW im`qr kuVI (Girl friend) dI hY ijs nwl rogI mwxis`kqw juVI

swry mwnvI sbMD ijvyN ik romWs, pRym-ipAwr, ivAwh Awidk smwj

huMdI hyY b`cy nwloN jW pirvwr dI ^uSI nwloN AwpxI AYS dw mh`qv izAwdw

au~pr Asr pwauNdy hn[ ies leI zrUrI hY ik AwdrSk smwj dy inrmwx

huMdw hY[ ivAwh dIAW h`dW t`p ky ilMg sbMD sQwpq krn nUM vI mwVw nhIN

ihq smwj vI Aijhy sbMDW au~pr nzr Aqy inAMqRx r`Ky[ Xog muMfy

smiJAw jWdw sgoN in`jI AwzwdI vjoN ilAw jWdw hY[ ibsqry iv`c cYn nhIN

kuVIAW jy jIvn swQI l`B ky ivAwh krvwaux leI imlx qW ies iv`c

B`tkx hY[ C`f CufweI keI vwrI ivAwh vwly idn vI ho jWdI hY[ p`CmI

koeI hrz nhIN pr pSUAW fMgrW vWg KulHy ilMg sbMD Aqy pRym kRIVw

AOrq ies g`l qy n`k cVHwauNdI hY ik pUrbI AOrqW swrI aumr ie`ko mrd

smwijk inGwr nUM Ku`lHw s`dw hn[ p`CmI smwj nUM A`j nhIN qW klH

nwl k`t lYNdIAW hn[ hux qW ikDry ikDry p`CmI kuVIAW Awpxw kMvwrpuxw

pCqwauxw pvygw[ inXm Aqy kwnMUn ies g`l nUM iDAwn iv`c r`K ky bxwey

vycx dy ieSiqhwr vI dyx l`g peIAW hn [

jW soDy jwxy cwhIdy hn ik in`jI AwzwdI vI kwiem rhy Aqy nYiqk

116

p`CmI AwzwdI dw ieh nqIjw hY ik skUulW iv`c pVHdIAW kuVIAW Awpxy

izMmyvwrI iv`c vI ivGn nw pvy[ aulwr mwniskqw vwly mu`TI Br lokW dI

b`cy nUM vI nwl ku`CV c`uk ky pVHx jWdIAW hn qy Aijhy b`cy dy bwp dw vI pqw

AKwauqI AwzwdI qy ilMg ivlwsqw dI ^wqr sdIAW qoN soc smJ ky isrjy

nhIN huMdw [117 mOj msqI leI ilMg sbMDW nUM ie`k iKfwauxw smJ ilAw igAw

pirvwirk Aqy smwijk irSiqAW nUM kurbwn kr dyxw koeI isAwxp

hY [118 SurU SurU iv`c joiVAW iv`c joS huMdw hY pr CyqI hI ieh TMFW pY jWdw

nhIN[

hY Aqy khwxI ^qm ho jWdI hY[ kuVI hor muMfw l`B lYNdI hY Aqy muMfw hor kuVI

6.1 p`CmI ivAwh

l`B lYNdw hyY[ smwj iv`c hrwmI sMqwn dw vwDw idnoN idn au~pr jw irhw hY[
iek`lI mW jW iek`ly bwp vloN AxcwhI AOlwd nUM boJ smJ ky pwilAw
jWdw hY[ pirvwrk moh dI Gwt, Bwvuk QuVHW, Aqy mwqRI/ipqRI dyK ryK dI
Gwt kwrn Aijhy b`cy idSwhIxqw, mnorQ-hIxqw Aqy mwXuUsI iv`c pl ky
v`fy huMdy hn qW Awp vI rogI mwniskqw dw iSkwr hoky smwj iv`c ApRwDW dI
igxqI vDwaux dw kwrn bxdy hn[119 puils dy swDnW qy byloVw boJ pYNdw hY[
ieMglYNf iv~c kuVIAW mW bwp nUM d~sy bgYr kwnUMnI qOr qy grB-pwq krvw skdIAW hn [ A`j klH ies kwnMUn
nMU sRImqI sU AYksom ny Adwlq iv`c cxOqI id`qI hoeI hY [
116

21 PrvrI 2009 dy AKbwrW iv`c Kbr CpI hY ik AYlPI pYtn (Alfie Patten) nW dw ie`k 12 swlw muMfw
ipqw bx igAw hY [

117

mrd-AOrq irSqy ieMgLYNf dy rwStRI slybs dw ih`sw hn ijs nUuM National Curriculum ikhw jWdw hY [ ies
ivSy nUM SRE ( Sex and Relationship Education ikhw jWdw hY [ ies nUM pRwiemrI skUlW qoN pVHwauxw SuruU kr
id~qw jWdw hY [

118

119

p`Cm iv`c ivAwh dI sMsQw ArQhIx huMdI jw rhI hY [120 hyT ilKIAW
geIAW surKIAW Aksr AKbwrW iv`c lgdIAW hI rihMdIAw hn:
1. sMsQw pqnIAW nUM Awps iv`c vtwaux dw smrQx krdI
hY[ (rMn vtWdrw)

121

2. smUhk ivBcwr koeI pwp nhIN[

3. jy joVy dw AwpsI ipAwr hY qW ivAwh dI kI loV ?
4. ivAwhuqw jIvn dy JMJtW nwloN mn-mrzI dy swQI nwl AxivAwhy
rihxw cMgyrw hY[
120
dyS ivAwpI AMkVy dsdy hn ik 1971 iv`c ieMglYNf iv`c 459000 ivAwh hoey pRMqU 2001 iv`c
ivAwhW dI igxqI kyvl 286,000 rih geI [ qlwkW dI igxqI 1971 iv`c 80,000 sI 1993 iv`c
157,000 qy 2001 iv`c 180,000 [ 2001 iv`c 45 swl qoN aupr dIAW 6% AOrqW Aqy 9% mrdW
ny dubwrw ivAwh krvwey[ (nYSnl stYitsitks pMnw 31)

The Sunday Telegraph dated Dec7, 2008 states, Britain shows signs of degenerating
into a country free of morals because of its rejection of traditional values. It also states,
Atheism has become more vocal and aggressive.

121
ies nW dw ie`k progrwm tI-vI qy vI AwauNdw hY [ ijs dw sIrS hY Wife Swap[ ies qoN ielwvw
vI KulHw ilMg ivhwr tI-vI qy Awm idKwieAw jWdw hY jo jvwn ho rhy muMfy kuVIAW leI Gwqk hY [[

83

84

5. grB-pwq srkwrI izMmyvwrI hovy[

Aqy ie`k nwrI dy ivAwh bMDn nwl pqI qy pqnI iv`ckwr pRQm SRyxI- dvMd

6. ivAwh dy bMDn iv`c bMnHy jw ky ie`ko swQI nwl swrI aumr rihxw

jW ivdroh dw mu`F b`Jw[ mnu`K D`kV ho igAw Aqy nwrI ADIn ho geI[ ie`k

aumr kYd dI szw qoN G`t nhIN [

AKOqI suqMqrqw dI AwV iv`c AijhI ibAwnbwzI ivAwh dI piv`qRqw
qy krwrw vwr krdI hY[ p`Cm dI KulH i^AwlI inrsMdyh p`CmI smwj nUM

pqI Aqy ie`k pqnI dy sbMDW ny ieiqhwsk prgqI nUM jnm zrUr id`qw pRMqU
dws pRQw Aqy jwiedwd dI jkV nUM iesy ny jnm id`qw jo qR`kI krdy hoey A`j
q`k phuMc gey hn[ ienHW kwrn ienswnI prgqI ny ipCwh v`l kdm

qbwhI vl iljw rhI hY[ SwdI dy irSqy qoN bwhr mrdW Aqy iesqRIAW dw

moiVAw[ ie`k iDr ivnwS iv`c vwDw krdI rhI duUjI jrdI rhI [ ieh

hornW nwl ilMg sbMD hux suBwvk ijhw bx igAw hY[ ivAwh iv`c pRp`kqw,

Awlock ieh dlIl vI idMdy hn ik SwdI ie`k injI loV hY Aqy ivAwh dw

v&wdwrI qy irSqy dI sdIvqw vrgy nYiqk guxW dI iK`LI aufweI jw rhI hY[

Drm jW nYiqkqw nwl koeI sbMD nhIN[ lokW dI in`jI suqMqRqw nUM Drm dy bMDn

ilMg sbMD kwdr dw AduqI vrdwn hY jo mwnv zwqI dI auqpqI leI

ie`k zrUrI vsIlw hY[ ies rwhIN sMqwn auqpqI mwnv zwqI dw Prz hY Aqy
ies &rz nUM cMgy Aqy nYiqk qRIky nwl inBw ky hI ie`k AwdrSk smwj dI
isrjxw kIqI jw skdI hY jo mwnv dy srv p`KI ivkws dw zwmn hovy[ ilMg
AwDwrq bykwbU rMg qmwiSAW, hulVHbwzIAW qy kwmuk KyfW nUM kwnMUnn bMd
krnw zrUrI hY[ mwnvqw dw ihqYSI Aqy smwj dw SuBicMqk BwvyN eIsweI
hovy, XhUdI, muslmwn jW is`K aus nUM ieh iBAwnk siQ`qI nUM dyK ky cu`p nhIN
rihxw cwhIdw[ k`uJ ku isr-iPirAW dIAW Awp hudrIAW qoN mwnvqw dI
ivksq huMdI AweI ivAwh sMsQw nUM kurbwn kr dyxw mUrKqw hY[ rwjsI
AwgUAW, smwjI icMqkW,Dwrimk nyqwvW Aqy zmIr vwly socvwn ivAkqIAW
nUM isr joV ky socx dI loV hY ik ies sMkt dw smwDwn ikvyN hovy[ ^qry
dI GMtI vjdI jw rhI hY[ smW iksy leI ieMqzwr nhIN krdw[
eIsweI Drm kihMdw hY SwdI qoN bwhrly sbMD qyry leI vrijq hn
(Thou shalt not commit adultery) pr ik`fI ivfMbnw hY ik aupRokq swrw
k`uJ ho vI eIsweI sMswr iv`c irhw hY qy ie`QoN hI pUrbI dySW v`l nUM vD irhw
hY[ pwKMf kdoN q`k clygw? ivigAwn Aqy ivSyS krky dvweIAW dy Kyqr
iv`c hoeI prgqI ny sMqwn sMjm, ilMg-inrDwrn, grBppwq Awidk nUM
swDwrn ivAkqI qk phuMcw id`qw hY[ ies nwl inGrdI jWdI hwlq nUM hor

iv`c pro ky kurbwn kIqw jw irhw hY[ ies qrHW auh Drm nUM hwnIkwrk mMndy
hn[ ienHW Anuswr ivAwh SwdI iv`c ku`J vI sdwcwrk jW icr sQweI AMS
nhIN hY isrP ie`k iDr dIy dUjI iDr au~pr DONs hY[ jy pqnI ^uS nzr AwauNdI
hY qW smJ lvo ik aus ny dwsqw (ZulwmI) nwl smJOqw kr ilAw hY[ jy
pqnI nwrwz hY qW pqI khygw, hor Blw znwnIAW qoN kI Aws r`KI jw skdI
hY? ies isDWq Anuswr AOrq dUjy drjy dI nwgirk bx ky rih geI hY[
aus dI soc Aqy Aihsws nUM ies qrHW ilqwV id`qw igAw hY ik auh hIxqw
dw iSkwr ho geI hY[ mnu`K pRDwn smwj iv`c auh smwijk Xogqw Aqy bOiDk
smrQw is`D krn iv`c Jwky dw iSkwr ho geI hY[ aunHW Anuswr ies siQqI
dw ielwj ieho hY ik s^qI nwl ivroD iv`c juto Aqy kRWqI leI Xqn kro[
ie`k hor iv`cwr-Dwrw dy lok is`Dy rUp iv`c ivAwh-pRQw dw ivroD nhIN
krdy pr inrsMdyh ies pRQw dy AMqRgq ilMg-AnuSwSn dI pwbMdI vwlI soc
qy ikMqU pRMqU krdy hn [ aunHW dI Dwrnw ieh hY ik ivAwh qoN pihlW jW ies
qoN bwAd ilMg-sbMDW iv`c ivAkqI nUM pUrI pUrI KulH hoxI cwhIdI hY[ auh
ilMg-sbMD rKdy joiVAW leI grB-rokU swDnW dI KulHI vrqoN Aqy grBpwq dI kwnMUnI AwzwdI dy h`k iv`c hn[ ilMg kRIVw leI auh nMgyj kl`bW
(Nudist Clubs) sQwpq krdy hn ijnHW nUM AMgRyzI kwnMUn vloN pRvwxgI imlI
hoeI hY[
AmrIkw iv`c lusrISw mOt (Lucretia Mott) Aqy AilzwbYQ kYfI

hvw iml rhI hY[

ie`k qbkw AYsw vI hY jo SwdI nUM SryxI t`kr dw nqIjw d`sdw hY[

stYNtn (Elizabeth Cady Stanton) ny iv`idAw, jwiedwd,vot Aqy k`uJ hor

mwrksvwdI iPlwsPr AYNjlz ilKdw hY,ieiqhws dsdw hY ik ie`k purK

KyqRW iv`c AOrqW vwsqy h`k mMgx leI ie`k AMdoln clwieAw[ ieh AMdoln

85

86

sYnykw Pwlz inau Xwrk qoN AwrMB hoieAw [ ienHW dw nwhrw sI, All men

iv`c ibn c`pU vihMdy qury jWdy hn [123 AijhI AvsQw iv`c ilMg SoSn huMdw

and women are created equal. Resistance to tyranny is obedience

hY, JgVy huMdy hn Aqy ie`k dUjy qy doS lgdy hn[ ivAwh hox dI hwlq iv`c

to God. 1920 q`k solW sUibAW ny ienHW dIAW mMgW mMn leIAW [ iesy qrHW

vI Aijhy q`q BV`qy bxy irSqy CyqI hI tu`t jWdy hn [ hyTlI qwilkw iv`c

dw AMdoln imsz pwrkhrst ny ieMglYNf iv`c clwieAw Aqy 1887 q`k

gRyt ibRtyn dy rwStRI AMkVw koS (pMnw 31-32) dy AwDwr qy dyKidAW pqw

ienHW dIAW mMgW mMn leIAW geIAW qy ienHW nUM vot Aqy jwiedwd dw AiDkwr

lg jwvygw ik hwlwq dw ruK ik`Dr nUM jw irhw hY[

dy id`qw igAw[ ho skdw hY ik ienHW AMdolnW iv`c aupRokq mwrksvwdI iv`cwrW

ny ku`J shwieqw kIqI hovy pRMqU smwj-pirvwr ihqYSI Aqy mwnv kilAwx
dy icMqk ies nUM aulwr iv`cwr-Dwrw d`s ky ^qry dI GMtI smJdy hn [ ies

sn 2002 iv`c 1000 nUM sUck mMnky ieMglYNf iv`cly qlwkW dI sMiKAW
dw XUrpI dySW dy qlwkW dI sMiKAw nwl twkrw kIqw igAw hY[

ivSy qy hor jwxkwrI leI hyT ilKIAW pusqkW shwie`k ho skdIAW hn [

1. The death of the family by D. Cooper Penguin press London.
2. The politics of the family by R.D. laing Tavistock Publications London
3. The future of marriage by J. Bernard Penguin Books

dyS dw nW

SwdIAW

qlwk

bY l jIAm

3.9

3.0

fYnmwrk

6.9

2.8

XU.ky

4.8

2.7

purgwl

5.4

2.6

jrmnI

4.7

2.4

p`Cm dI vrqmwn hwlq AYsI ho geI hY jYsI Bwrq iv`c A`j qoN 2000

Harmondsworth (Middx)

swl pihlW hoeI sI jdoN vwm mwrgIAW ny AwpxI iv`cwr Dwrw dw pRcwr pRswr

6.2 p`CmI dySW iv`c qlwk

p`CmI dySW iv`c SwdI dw AwDwr ipAwr hY iesy leI p`CmI ivAwh nUM
pRym ivAwh (Love marriage) dI sMigAW id`qI geI hY[ s`cw pRym qW
prspr ivSvwS Aqy AwpsI sbMDW iv`c prp`kqw dI buinAwd au~pr AwDwrq
huMdw hY [ Asl iv`c p`CmI smwj iv`c ijs nUM ipAwr smiJAw jWdw hY auh
vwsqv iv`c Bwvuk aubwl (infatuation) huMdw hY[ muMfy kuVIAW k`cI aumr iv`c
zzbwqI ilMg-iK`c dw iSkwr ho jWdy hn[ AnHy kwm dI kwhl iv`c nW qW
auh aunHW dI hrkq iv`coN aupjx vwlI sjwijk au~Ql pu`Ql smJ skdy hn
Aqy nw hI pUrI qrHW ienswnI zzby dy zbq nUM smJ skdy hn[ AMgRyzI dI
khwvq hY muMf puxy dw ieSk Aqy Gwh PuUs nUM l`gI A`g CyqI hI TMFy ho jWdy

kIqw sI[ iesnMU hwnIkwrk mMnky BwrqIAW ny inkwr id`qw sI[ A`j ieh
prqIq ho irhw hY ik p`Cm iv`c ivAwh SwdI byloVI huMdI jw rhI hY Aqy ies
dI mOq dw Alwrm vjxw SurU ho cu`kw hY[ jy ies hwlq nUM T`lH nw peI qW hwlwq
hor vI qyzI nwl ivgVn l`gxgy[ rwStRI AMkVy ieh vI dsdy hn ik 60
swl qoN hyTlI aumr dIAW AxivAwhIAW AOrqW dy nwjwiez ilMg sbMDW dI
sMiKAW jo 1986 iv`c 13% sI vD ky 2001 iv`c 28% ho geI[ iesy kwl
iv`c Aijhy mrdW dI igxqI 12% qoN vD ky 25% ho geI[ AMkVy ieh q`q
vI auGwVdy hn ik suqMqr ilMg-sbMDW dI mwqRw AOrqW iv`c 25-29 swl dI
aumr iv`ckwr Aqy purKW iv`c 30-34 vrHy dI AwXU iv`c sB qoN v`D huMdI hY[

Love of lads and fire of chats is soon in and soon out. In this connection Dr. Krafft
Ebing writes, Love unbridled is a volcano that burns down and lays waste all around it.
It is an abyss that devours all honour, substance and health. (Psychopathia Sexnalis)

AMkiVAW Anuswr 1991-92 iv`c ieMglYNf iv`c 11% AxivAwhy mrd Aqy 13% AxivAwhIAW
znwnIAW bgYr ivAwh qoN kwm kRIVw iv`c Kcq huMdy sn [ 2003-2004 iv`c ieh igxqI 25%
AxivAwhy mrd Aqy 27% AxivAwhIAW kuVIAW q`k pu`j geI (dyKo rwStRI AMkVw koS swrxI 2.10)[
srkwr ny 286 imlIAn pONf CotI aumr (18 swl qoN Gt) dy grB rokx leI rwKvyN r`Ky sn Aqy
iKAwl sI ik 1998 Aqy 2010 iv`ckwr ieh inSwnw pUrw ho jwvygw pr ieh nhIN hoieAw [ XUQ nYt
cYirtI Anuswr 7% mMufy kuVIAW ny mMinAW ik aunHW ny 20 qoN v`D lokW nwl kwmuk sbMD bxwey hn [

87

88

hn[122 ies aumr iv`c nOjvwn muMfy kuVIAW zzibAW dI qyz vihMdI ndI
122

123

iv`c kudrqI hoey grBpwq Swml nhIN hn[

6.3 p`CmI smwj dI Awcrxk A`DogqI

124

p`CmI smwj nUM BlI BWq ies s`c dw igAwn ho irhw hY ik Axcwhy/

p`CmI dySW iv`c ieh mwVI iprq pyY geI hY ik ijhVw ApRwD jw kukrm

GroN k`Fy jw rhy jW GroN B`jy jvwn ho rhy b`cy hr pRkwr dw ^rUd krdy hn

roikAw nhIN jw skdw ausnMU kwnUMn qoN Cot dy id`qI jWdI hY[ (mswl leI

Aqy keI prkwr dy jurmW dy BwgI bxdy hn[ ikDry kql ho rhy hn, ikDry

Gwqk nSy)[ ibRtyn iv`c 5 dsMbr 2005 qoN sm ilMgI joVy (Gay couples)

fwky pY rhy hn[ corI, T`gI, KohwKohI Aqy nSy dI qskrI iv`c Awey idn

jIvn swQI vwly kwnMUnI AiDkwr dy h`kdwr ho gey hn Aqy ienHW nUM pqI

vwDw ho irhw hY[ jwiedwd, jvwnI qy mnu`KI jIvn gMBIr ^qry iv`c hn[ gRyt

pqnI mMn ilAw jWdw hY[ koeI hYrwnI vwlI g`l nhIN hovygI jy kr srkwr

ibRtyn dy rwStRI AMkVw koS 2004 dI qwilkw 2.17 dy pMnw 34 au~pr XUrp

nyV Biv`K iv`c blwqkwr jW hor ivBcwrI sbMDW nUM vI kwnMUnI mwxqw b^S

dy dySW dy ibnW SwdI kIiqAW pYdw hoey hrwm dy b`icAW dI PIsdI (%) ies

dyvy[

pRkwr hY[

grBpwq, eyfz Aqy hor Gwqk CUq dIAW bImwrIAW dy rogIAW dI

dy S

1980

1990

2000

2002

sMiKAW dy AMkVy Ajy pUrn rUp iv`c nhIN imldy[ p`CmI dySW iv`c Aw vsy

XU.ky %

12

28

40

41

is`K vI ies sB ku`C dw iSkwr ho rhy hn[ ieh do siBAwcwrW iv`c Ps

svIfn%

40

47

55

56

gey hn[ pUrbI nYiqkqw nUM ieMglYNf iv`c kwnUMnI mwxqw nhIN imldI Aqy

XUnwn(grIs)%

p`CmI nYiqkqw Bwrq qoN plwiex krky gey pMjwbIAW nUM BwauNdI nhIN pr

rwStRI AMkVw koS 2005 dI qwilkw 2.23 iv`c drj swl 2003 ieMgLYNf
iv`c nwjwiez b`icAW nUM god lYx dI sMiKAw 72% sI[ hyT id`qI qwilkw ies
bwry hor cwnxw pwauNdI hY[

aunHW dy b`cy ies iv`c ply hox krky ies nUM psMd krdy hn[ so dohW pIVHIAW
iv`c t`kr spSt hY ijs dw sdkw kuVIAW dy keI kql vI ho cu`ky hn[
jy ies msly dw koeI h`l nw l`iBAw igAw qW hwlwq hor vI ^rwb ho skdy
hn[ is`K lIfrW nUM ies bwry isr joV ky socx dI loV hY[

mwvW dI aumr

hrwm dw b`cw jixAw

grBpwq krvwieAw

14 swl qoN G`t

179

219

14 swl

729

1154

15 swl

2585

3025

16 swl

7110

5993

17 swl

11649

8323

18 swl

ies nUM sMgIn pwp smJdy hn qy kihMdy hn ik ies qrHW dy irSqy nwjiez

16065

9666

19 sl

hn Aqy mwipAw dI im`tI rol idMdy hn[ ieh pUrbI smwj iv`c pRclq

18904

10312

kMvwrI DI BYx dI ie`zq nUM sWJw smwijk gOrv smJx dy buinAwdI gux dI

qwilkw qoN spSt huMdw hY ik 20 vrHy qoN G`t aumr dIAW 57221 kuVIAW
grBvqIAW hoeIAW Aqy 38693 kuVIAW dw grBpwq hoieAw[ ieh vI zwhr

6.4 ie`zq AwbrU leI kIqy kql

ieMglYNf iv`c eySIAw dy dySW dIAW jvwn kuVIAW nUM ies leI mwr id`qw
jWdw hY ik auh iksy dUsry Drm jW zwq iv`c ivAwh krvwauNdIAW hn jW
muMifAW nwl GuMmdIAW iPrdIAW hn[ ieMglYNf dy kwnMUn Anuswr ieh koeI
jurm nhIN pRMqU pUrbI mwnis`kqw ies nUM pRvwx krn qoN AwkI hY[ pUrbI mwpy

aulMGxw hyY[ AOrq dI pwkdwmnI, su`cqw, sdwcwr, siBAwcwrk nYiqkqw qy

hY ik hr vrHy ieh sMiKAW vDdI rhI hYy Aqy vDI jw rhI hYy[ ies igxqI

2005 dy rwStRI AMkVw koS dI qwilkw 9.8 Anuswr 1981 iv`c jurm krn vwly nSeIAW dI igxqI
17.9 pRqI hzwr sI jo 2002 iv`c vD ky 113.1 pRqI hzwr ho geI [ iesy smyN dOrwn hiQAwrW nwl
kql Aidk hoey jurm 4,903 qoN vD ky 10,248 ho gey[

89

90

124

pqI vrqw Drm au~pr klMk hY[ ies dI nw koeI pUrbI Drm AwigAw idMdw

dy rhy hW jo iksy qrHW vI hOslw vDwaU nhIN khy jw skdy[ ieMglYNf iv`c qW

hY Aqy nw hI smwj jd ik p`CmI smwj ies dI pUrn AwigAw idMdw hY[

ivAwhuxXog kuVIAW qy zulm huMdw hY pr pMjwb iv`c qW kuVI nUM jMmx hI nhIN

p`Cm iv`c v`fw Drm eIsweIAq hY [ iesweI jgq iv`c bweIbl

id`qw jWdw[ pMjwb iv`c ilMg Anupwq (1000 muMifAW ip`Cy kuVIAW dI dr)

duAwrw pRsquq hoeI is`iKAw dw ku`J nw ku`J Asr zrUr hoxw cwhIdw hY[ pr
dyKx iv`c AwauNdw hY ik bweIbl iv`c ibAwn kIqIAW sofom Aqy gomorw
dIAW qbwhI dIAW kQwvW ies smwj ny kdoN dIAW Bulw C`fIAW hn [

125

hyT ilKI pRkwr hY (swl 2004)[ jy kr BrUx h`iqAw iesy qrHW huMdI rhI
qW pwTk Awp AMdwzw lw skdy hn ik Agly 50/60 virHAW iv`c swfw kI
hwl hovygw;

Axcwhy hrwmI b`icAW Aqy km aumr grBvqI kuVIAW dw hVH vih irhw

izlwH

iMlMg Anupwq

hyY[ pMdrW pMdrW swl dIAW kuVIAW Awm hI grBvqIAW ho jWdIAW hn Aqy

luiDAwxw

824

PiqhgVH

854

biTMfw

870

sMgrUr

871

pitAwlw

868

AMimRqsr

876

PrIdkot

883

PIrozpur

885

BwvyN ieMglYNf iv`c muMfy kuVIAW Awpxw vr Awp cuxdy hn pr ieh

jlMDr

887

sdwkq hY ik t`uty irSiqAW Aqy qlwkW dI igxqI ieMgLYNf dy mukwbly

mwnsw

879

pMjwb iv`c ikqy G`t hY[ ieMglYNf dIAW nwrIAW mrdW dI nkl kr rhIAW

kpUrQlw

888

hn[ nwrI l`ijAw jo kdy aus dw gihxw sI ruVHdI jw rhI hY[ is`K smwijk

gurdwspur

890

Aqy Dwrimk sMsQwvW ies AvsQw dy h`l leI gMBIrqw nwl iv`cwr nhIN

mukqsr

891

kr rhIAW[ ^qrw hY ik pRMprwgq pMjwbI smwjk su`cqw ieMgLYNf dy rwhW

huiSAwrpur

935 (Above normal)

iv`c rul jwvygI[ ku`J nw kIqw igAw qW AxgihlI iv`c CyqI hI icVIAW Kyq

Xwd rhy ik Bwrq iv`c ieh Anupwq 1000 lVikAW ip`Cy 933 lVkIAW

b`cy nUM pwlx leI srkwr qoN shwieqw iml jWdI hY[ buinAwdI nYiqk kdrW
kImqW Aqy pRMprwgq Dwrimk is`iKAw dw mh`qv Gtdw jw irhw hY[ ienHW
dI QW skUlW iv`c ilMg is`iKAw Aqy ilMg sbMDW bwry jwxkwrI dyxI izAwdw
shI smJI jw rhI hY [

126

AwgU, AiDAwpk isiKAw-SwSqRI, pwdrI Aqy

Drm pRcwrk ijhVy ik smwj leI AwdrSk mwfl hoxy cwhIdy hn Awp
bySrmI Aqy byihAweI dIAW h`dW pwr kr rhy hn Aqy Awp durwcwr Aqy
ivBcwr iv`c gRsq hn[

cug jwxgIAW[

hY[ swfI srkwr Aqy buDImwn pMjwbIAW nUM socxw cwhIdw hY ik ies ifgdI

aupRokq ibAwny q`QW dw izkr qW bwhr vsdy (Kws kry ieMglYNf vsdy)

Anupwq dy kwrn kI hn[ kI BruUx h`iqAw swfy leI nrk duAwrI qW nhIN

pMjwbIAW nwl sbMD rKdw hY pr AsIN kuJ AMkVy BwrqI pMjwb sbMDI vI

bx rhI ? hYrwnI hY ik l`uiDAwxw ijLHw BwvyN swKrqw (Literacy) iv`c sB

Sofom Aqy gomorw nW dy Sihr ies leI qbwh ho gey sn ikauNik auQy ivBcwr, muMfybwzI Aqy AwpxIAW
hI DIAW BYxW nwl blwqkwr vD igAw sI [

qoN A`gy hY pr bdiksmqI nwl ieh ilMg Anupwq iv`c sB qoN ip`Cy hY[

125

pMj swlW iv`c eyfz dy kys du`gxy ho gey sn [ srkwr ny 2006 dy bjt iv`c ies kMm leI 500
imlIAn pONf dw b`jt r`iKAw sI qW jo bicAW nUM ilMg sbMDW bwry jwxkwrI id`qI jw sky [ ieh bwlkW
nUM A`g nwl Kyfxw isKwaux vwlI g`l hY [
126

91

92

hY Aqy Drm rKSk bxIAW rhIAW hn[ sMkt smyN pirvwrk ijMmyvwrIAW,
b`icAW dI pwlpos, srkwrI jbr Aqy iv`CoVw shwridAW vI b`icAW iv`c
is`KI dw auh zzbw Br id`qw ik dunIAW A`j q`k Xwd krdI hY[ ienHW ny is`K

kWf 7
is`K nwrIAW dw Xogdwn
7.1 is`K ieiqhws iv`c nwrIAW

AsULW dI mh`qqw smJx smJwaux Aqy pwlxw krn krwaux iv`c pYr pYr
qy igAwn Aqy krm duAwrw AwpxI sMqwn dy rwhW nUM rOSnwieAw[ is`K bIbIAW
dI dyx dw ieh p`K AxgOilAw hI irhw hY[ aus vyly jd ienHW dy b`icAW
Aqy pqIAW dy isrW dy mu`l pyY rhy sn ieh zulm dy iKlw& inrMqr ftIAW

Bwrq dy ieiqhws iv`c ieh rvwieq hY ik kyvl purKW dIAW pRwpqIAW

rhIAW[ jy ie`k is`K ShId huMdw sI qW ienHW dI ikrpw nwl aus dw QW m`lx

dw hI js gwieAw jWdw hY[ aunHW dy hI swhs dy sohly lokW dI zubwn qy cVH

leI do hor iqAwr ho jWdy sn[ chwr gulzwr-ey-SujweI iv`c ies dy

jWdy hn Aqy mihPlW iv`c gwey jWdy hn[ nwrIAW dy Xogdwn nUM kdy G`t hI

muslmwn ilKwrI ny iliKAw hY ik AsIN jd ieh smJdy sW ik is`K mu`k

mwnqw imldI hY[ ies g`l qoN qW ienkwr nhIN kIqw jw skdw ik smwj

gey hn auh A`K dy Por iv`c kIVIAW Aqy Awhx vWg iksy pwisEN inkl

iv`c nwrIAW dI vI bhuq dyx hY[ sMqwn nUM pwlxw,pirvwrk Drm inBwauxw,

AwauNdy hn[ is`KW ny vI Awpxy gIqW/ AKwxW iv`c ies g`l dw izkr kIqw

b`icAW nUM smwj-syvI Aqy nyk bnwauxw koeI Coty kMm nhIN hn[ ieh vI

hY[ mMMnU AswfI dwqRI AsIN mMnU dy soey,ijauN ijauN mMnU v`Fdw AsIN dUx svwey

bhuq v`fI izMmyvwrI dy kMm hn[ BwvyN koeI vI bhwdr purS, Drm-vyqw Aqy

hoey[ Aijhy smyN is`K bIbIAW ny kI syvw kIqI, aunHW nUM iks qrHW dy kSt

rwjnIqk AwgU mW dI dyx qoN ibnW nhIN bixAW pRMqU mW dw izkr ieiqhws

sihxy pey ies dI imswl BweI qwrU isMG dy pirvwr qoN iml jWdI hY[ BweI

jW lok-kwiv iv`c G`t hI AwieAw hY[

qwrU isMG dI mwqw Aqy BYx ies Gor sMkt smyN,AwpxI jwn qy ^qrw sih

is`K ieiqhws Aqy is`K gurU swihbwn nUM gOrvmeI mwx hY ik is`K Drm

ky vI byGr hoey XoiDAW leI hr qrHW dI syvw iv`c jutIAW rhIAW[ hkUmq

iv`c AOrq nUM mukwblqn ieqnw A`KoN proKy nhIN kIqw igAw[ ienHW dI BUimkw

dy AKOqI is`K bwZIAW nUM Awsrw dyxw, lMgr Ckwauxw, gupq sUcnwvW dyxIAW,

ieiqhws iv`c auswrU Aqy Bwv-pUrq rhI hY[ iesy leI ienHW nUM kwPI h`d

k`pVy phuMcwauxy Aqy hOslw dyxw ienHW dw inXm sI[ ienHW nUM ienHW jurmW ADIn

q`k bxdw mwx siqkwr id`qw igAw hY[ ienHW dI iesqRI Xogqw dy nwl nwl

kYd krky lwhOr iljwieAw igAw[ lwhOr dy ihMdU vIrW leI ieh AxK dw

mrdW vwlI Xogqw nUM vI svIkwr kIqw igAw hY[ gurU jI ny Awpxy aupdyS,pRyrxw

svwl bx igAw[ ieiqhws dsdw hY ik lwhOr dy ihMdU pirvwrW ny 1 l`K rupey

Aqy in`jI ikrdwr rwhIN iesqRIAW iv`c auh nvIN rUh PUMkI ik is`K bIbIAW

dy ky ienHW DrmSIL nwrIAW dI bMd KlwsI krvweI ikauNik is`KW dy gupq

purKW dI zmIr bx geIAW[ mweI Bwgo dw ikrdwr imswlI hY[ ie`k swDwrx

itkwixAW bwry d`sx leI ieh iqAwr nhIN sn[

ipMf dI jMm pl ie`k cMgy pROVH jrnYl vWg hwrI jWdI jMg nUM kRWqIkwrI moV

is`KW vloN lVy gey Xu`DW iv`c vI nwrIAW Aksr ih`sw lYNdIAW rhIAW

dy ky ij`q iv`c bdl idMdI hY [ AYsI hor imswl ikDry G`t hI imldI hY[

hn[ pr is`KI bwg dI jo mihk A`j swnUM pRwpq hY ieh aunHW mwqwvW BYxW

pr ieh kih ky vI ies scweI qoN mUMh nhIN moiVAw jw skdw ik is`K

dI krVI isdk Bwvxw krky hY jo ivDvw ho ky Aqy jIvn dIAW hor AnykW

ieiqhwskwrW dw ies p`K vl loVINdw pUrw iDAwn nhIN igAw[

muSklW shwr ky vI Kwlsy dI mdd qy aus vyly ftIAW rhIAW jd auh

is`K bIbIAW purKW vWg hmySw krmSIl rhIAW hn Aqy ienHW ny suidRVHqw

jMgLW bIAwbwnW iv`c jIvn mOq dw GoL lV irhw sI[ Aijhy smyN iv`c

nwl kStW iv`c vI Afol rih ky ^wlsw pMQ dy AwdrSW dI pwlxw kIqI

isdk, Brosw Aqy gurU dw Awswrw hI ienHW dy hiQAwr bxy rhy[ ienHW dyy du`D

93

94

cMuGdy ,god-pldy mwsUm bwl ienHW dIAW JolIAW iv`c kImw kImw krky pw

hzwrW is`KW nUM kql kIqw jWdw sI Aqy ie`k eId vwly idn lokW dy

id`qy gey[ ienHW nUM Bu`Ky iqhwey s^q muS`kq krnI peI [ pr zulm dI ieh

swhmxy 1100 is`K kql kIqy gey [ is`K mwvW,pqnIAW qy BYxW ny Awpxy

hnyHrI ienHW dy mGdy isdk nUM TMFw nw kr skI[ mhwn mwvW hI mhwn kOmW

puqRW, pqIAW Aqy vIrW a~uqy huMdy AiqAwcwr nUM ikvyN vyiKAw qy shwirAw

isrjdIAW hn[ koeI nO swl dw b`cw Awpxy bwp nUM Drm leI jwn dyx leI

hovygw[ A`j vI ies lhU im`J dI khwxI nUM Ardws vyly zmIr vwlw bMdw

nhIN kih skdw ijs qrHW ik 1675 iv`c gurU goibMd isG jI ny ikhw [ ies

syjl A`KW nwl qy vlUMDry idl nwl hI sux skdw hY[

dy ip`Cy mwqw gujrI dI Ad`uqI is`iKAw qy syD hI kwrjSIl sI[ is`K AOrqW
dI AijhI kurbwnI Awpxy leI jW Awpxy pirvwr leI nhIN sgoN smu`cy
jgq dy Bly leI sI, iksy au`cy AwdrS leI sI ijs nUM A`j q`k pUurI qrHW
gOiLAw hI nhIN igAw[

ies smyN qoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy smyN q`k (1799) keI AOrqW ny
bhwdrI dy krqb idKwey hn pr aunHW dw ieiqhws swfy qk nhIN phuMc
sikAw[ ie`k is`Dw swdw pyNfU idAwl isMG clwxw kr igAw[ aus dI CotI
aumr dI ivDvw pqnI ny Awpxy ie`kloqy pu`qr nUM is`K Drm iv`c prp`k kr

1713-1719 smyN Pru^sIAr vloN is`K AOrqW au~pr by h`d zulm Fwey

id`qw[ pMQ pRkwS (rqn isMG BMgU pMnw 218) Anuswr gurbwxI iqs kMT

jw rhy sn[ iesy ny hI bwbw bMdw isMG nUM igRPqwr krvw ky Aqy Aiq dy qsIhy

GnyrI[ huqI is`KxI duie p`K kyrI] jhW Kwlsw lwey dIvwn, jwie krY Sbd

dy ky ShId krvwieAw sI[ ies vyly dw srkwrI hukm ieh sI, ienHW dIAW

cOkI gwn ] ipqw dI QwpI-ivhUxw ieh p`uqr mW dI is`iKAw kwrn j`sw

suMdr lVkIAW nUM rKyl jW nOkrwxIAW bxw lvo[ jy koeI muslmwn mr jwvy

isMG AwhlUvwlIAw kr ky pRis`D hoieAw ijs ny is`K ieiqhws au~pr ie~k

qW aus dI kbr pu`tx leI iksy is`K jW ienHW dy hmwieqI ihMdU nUM lwvo[

Aimt Cwp C`fI hY[ kI ies mW bwry kdy iksy ny ku`J iliKAw hoieAw piVHAw

bygwr leI cmwrW dI QW is`KW nUM vrqo[ 127 hr igR&qwr hoey mrd jW AOrq

jW suixAw hY? iesy qrHW hrI rwm gupqw ilKdy hn ik 1799 iv`c srdwr

leI hukm sI ik jW ieslwm kbUl kr lvo jW mOq[ Aijhy hukmW dI s^qI

imlKw isMG rwvlipMfI vwly dI pqnI ny Aihmd Swh AbdwlI dy poqRy Swh

nwl pwlxw krvwaux leI Abdus sm`d nUM lwieAw igAw sI[ ies qoN aupRMq

zmwn nMU rwey kylw dy mdwn iv`c KUub dMd K`ty krky BjwieAw sI[ pr ies

pMjwb dw sUbydwr zkrIAw Kwn (1726-1745) bixAw ijs ny rihMdI

bwry bhuq G`t lokW nUM igAwn hY[ pqw nhIN AijhIAW hor ikMnIAW ku

sihMdI sB ksr k`F id`qI[ is`KW nUM hr roz pkV ky lokW dy swhmxy kql

sUurvIr, dlyr, isdkvwn, qy au`dmI AOrqW sn ijnHW ny is`K mihl iv`c

krn iv`c ies nUM mzw AwauNdw sI[ pr sB qoN v`D zulm mIr mMnU (1748-

Awpxw lhU folH ky ie`tW lweIAW pr aunHW dw nW inSwn q`k vI ieiqhwskwr

1753) ny kIqw ijs ny ieh ksm Kw leI sI ik is`K qW kI is`K dw b`cw

(jo bhuqy mrd hI sn) sWB nw sky[

vI ijauNdw nhIN rihx dyxw[ ies dy kwl iv`c is`K AOrqW au~pr auh zulm
Fwey gey ik sux pVH ky A`j vI ihrdw qVp au~Tdw hY[ aurdU iv`c ilKI nUr
Aihmd icSqI dI pusqk qhkIk-ey-icSqI iv`c ies vloN is`K
AOrqW/mrdW qy kIqy zulm dIAW AnykW khwxIAW drj hn (1906 AYfISn
pMnw 82, 101, 648, 694 Aidk qy)[ nUr Aihmd ilKdw hY ik hr roz

guriblws pwqSwhI dsvIN iv`c izkr AwauNdw hY ik AnMdpur dy iklHy

nUM phwVI rwijAW dIAW POjW ny Gyrw pwieAW hoieAw sI[ iklHy iv`c pwxI dw
sMkt pYdw ho igAw[ is`K bIbIAW cu`p cupIqy A`DI rwq qoN srGI q`k ndIAW
Aqy KUhW qoN pwxI iklHy iv`c phuMcwaux l`g peIAW[ ies syvw dI sUucnw iksy
qrHW ivroDIAW nUM iml geI[ ibrqWq imldw hY ik bhuq swrIAW iesqRIAW

dyKo hrI rwm gupqw dI History of the Sikhs Volume 2 page 39. mIr mMnU dw gVveI qihmq Kwn
imsikn ilKdw hY ik seIAd BrwvW ny PruKsIAr nUM qsIhy dy ky Aqy AMnHw krky mwirAw[ is`K rwj vyly mhWrwjw
Syr isMG dy hukm nwl ies dI kbr pu`t ky ie`t nwl ie`t KVw id`qI geI[(dyKo lwhOr gYztIAr pMnw 28). pUrI
jwxkwrI leI pVHo KuSbKq rwey dI pusqk ikqwb -ey-qwrIK-ey pMjwb 1812 [

mwrIAW geIAW Aqy Bgq isMG dI pu`qrI nUM jo ik lIfr sI ies jurm iv`c

95

96

127

qop dy goly nwl aufwieAw igAw[ ShId hoeI DI dI mwqw nUM gurU goibMd isMG
jI ny hOslw idMidAw ikhw, bIbI vwihgurU dw Bwxw mMno[ s`cy swihb A`gy

Su`krwny dI Ardws kro[ quhwfI puqRI ShId hoeI hY[ ies mweI ny hI

iv`coN iBRStwcwr Aqy AXwSI tpkdI sI[ ienHW dw ivvhwr B`dw Aqy bol

bwAd iv`c drbwrw isMG nUM jnm idqw jo ik is`KW dw siqkwrXog AwgU

cwl bdmwSW vwlI sI[

bixAw[

128

duKI ho ky ku`J zmIr vwlIAW bIbIAW ny pujwrIAW mhMqW dIAW krqUqW

dw pwj auGwVn dw bIVw cu`k ilAw[ 14 jnvrI 1921 nUM qrnqwrn dI ie`k

7.2 rwjnIqI iv`c is`K nwrIAW

Bwrq dI suqMqrqw dy sMgRwm iv`c is`K AOrqW ny vD CVH ky ih`sw ilAw
Aqy Anyk pRkwr dy kSt shwry[ ieiqhwskwr hrI rwm gupqw ilKdy hn,
AwzwdI leI lVI lVweI iv`c is`K iesqRIAW dI ivSyS BUimkw hY[ ieh

gOrvSwlI ikrdwr vwlIAW hsqIAW sn[ ienHW ny Awpxy pqIAW Aqy pu`qRW
nUM mYdwn iv`c auqrn Aqy inqrn leI bhuq pRyrxw id`qI[ Awp vI JMfy cu`k
ky sMgRwm iv`c ku`dIAW Aqy swhs nwl ies iv`c Bwg ilAw[ ienHW iv`c iez`q
,bhwdrI qy dyS ipAwr dy gux pRq`K ids AwauNdy hn [ (History of the

bIbI ih`k ip`tdI l`gy dIvwn iv`c Aw DmkI[ aus ny d`isAw ik aus dy p`uqr
nUM pujwrI ny r`sy nwl bMnH ky srovr iv`c su`t id`qw hY ikauNik aus dI BYx nwl
pujwrIAW vloN blwqkwr kIqw igAw sI[ ies Gtnw dI ^br jMgl dI A`g
vWg PYl geI Aqy mhMqW dy i^lwP ie`k AMdoln SurU ho igAw[ bIbIAW vloN
hI jYqo dy morcy iv`c AgvweI kIqI geI Aqy ienHW ny sYNkVy hI pu`qRW Aqy
pqIAW dIAW kurbwnIAW id`qIAW[ nwrIAW dIAW AijhIAW kurbwnIAW
AxgOlIAW hI rih geIAW hn[

Sikhs Vol.2 p.276)[ APsos hY ik hrI rwm jI ny nW d`s ky ie`k`LI ie`k`lI

AOrq dy Xogdwn bwry vyrvw nhIN i`d`qw[
bhuq G`t lokW nUM pqw hovygw ik gurdvwrw

129

suDwr lihr iv`c vI

iesqRIAW dI BUuimkw mu`FlI hY[ gurdvwry pRbMDkI rUp iv`c mhMqW jW

pujwrIAW pws sn ijhVy ienHW nUM in`jI mlkIAq smJdy sn[ ieh lok
gurdvwry iv`c Awaux vwlIAW DIAW BYxW qy mwVI nzr rKdy sn Aqy pq
nMU h`Q pwaux qoN lY ky blwqkwr q`k krqUqW krdy sn[ piv`qr gurDwmW iv`c
nSw ^orI Awm sI [130 pujwrI jW mhMq gurdvwirAW iv`c btyry jW iq`qr
lVwieAw krdy sn[ kbUqr r`Kxw Aqy kbUqrW dy au~fx dy mukwbly
krvwauxy ienHW dy SOk sn[ mrXwdw koeI nhIN sI[ ieh bZYr ieSnwn
kIiqAW hI sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw pwT krdy sn[ Drm AsQwn ie`k qrHW
nwl ienHW dI kmweI dy vsIly jW dukwnW qoN G`t nhIN sn [ ienHW dI hr g`l
srdwr drbwrw isMG nUM hI nvwbI id`qI geI sI jo aunHW inmrqw sihq moV id`qI Aqy srdwr kpUr
isMG nUM id`qI geI [
128

129

aus vyly gurdvwirAW nUM Drmswl, mhMq fyrw jW mhMq duAwrw ikhw jWdw sI

gurdvwirAW iv`c nSy AMgRyz srkwr hI ienHW mhMqW rwhI phuMcwauNdI sI[ srdwr qyjw isMG AwpxI
pusqk Essays in Sikhism dy pMnw 185 qy ie`k mhMq dw Adwlq iv`c id`qw ibAwn ies qrHW ilKdy
hn, mYN SRomxI mhMq hW Aqy myry ADIn 300 gurdvwry hn[ srkwr mYnUM BMg dy bory hr swl idMdI hY
ijnHW nUM mYN dUusry gurdvwirAW iv`c qksIm krdw hW
130

97

98

geI ik nwnk dyv jI ndI iv`c fu`b gey hn qW bIbI nwnkI hI sI ijs ny
ies g`l qy iblkul ivSvwS nw kIqw Aqy kihMdI rhI ik auh zrUr vwps Aw
jwvygw[ hr is`K bIbI jI dI ieMnI ie`zq krdw hY ik Awp jI nUM byby nwnkI

kWf 8
AiDAwqmvwdI is`K iesqRIAW

kih ky Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ byby nwnkI jI 1518 iv`c surgvws ho gey[
8.2 mwqw KIvI

bcpn iv`c hr b`cy a~upr mW dw ie`k ^ws pRBwv pYNdw hY jo swrI aumr

mwqw KIvI KfUr dy nyVy ipMf sMGV dy BweI dyvI cMd dI lVkI sI ijs

leI b`cy dy ivAkiqqv dw AMg bx jWdw hYy[ gurU nwnk swihb dw ieiqhws

dw ivAwh 1519 iv`c BweI lihxy nwl hoieAw jo ik bwAd iv`c is`KW dy

vwcIey qW pqw cldw hY ik aunHW au~pr AwpxI mwqw Aqy BYx dy ipAwr dI

dUjy gurU bxy[ Awp bhuq nyk sn Aqy AiDAwqimk iv`cwrW dy DwrxI sn[

Aim`t Cwp l`gI hoeI sI[ auh ^ud Dwrimk iKAwlW dIAW sn Aqy aunHW ny

lihxw jI dy gurU bnx aupRMq mwqw KIvI jI ny lMgr dI syvw sWB leI Aqy

hI hr swh nwl bwbw jI nUM AiDAwqmvwd dI ipauNd cwVHI[ AijhIAW k`uJ

bVI inmrqw, lgn, ipAwr Aqy qnidhI nwl syvw krdI rhI[ gurU dI

is`K iesqRIAW bwry hyTW sMKyp iv`cwr id`qy jw rhy hn[

pqnI huMdy hoey vI mwx hMkwr Awp dy nyVy nw igAw[ gurU gRMQ swihb jI (rwm

8.1 bIbI nwnkI

klI kI vwr) iv`c kyvl ie`k hI AOrq dI syvw Aqy inSkwmqw dw izkr

gurU nwnk dyv jI dI BYx bIbI nwnkI dw jnm aus dy nwnky ipMf cwhl
(lhOr) iv`c 1464 iv`c hoieAw sI[ ienHW dy nwnw jI sRI rwm jI bhuq nyk
Aqy Dwrimk iKAwlW dy ivAkqI sn Aqy aunHW dw pRBwv dohW b`icAW au~pr
pRq`K sI[ bIbI nwnkI v`fI hox krky vIr nwnk nwl bhuq ipAwr krdI
sI Aqy jd gurU jI ny AwpxI iv`cwr Dwrw nUM prgt krnW AwrMB kIqw qW
bIbI nwnkI CyqI hI aunHW dy iv`cwrW nwl sihmq ho geI[ auh gurU jI dy
imSn nUM bhuq hI cMgI qrHW smJdI sI[ ieiqhwskwr qW ieh vI dsdy hn
ik gurU jI nUM rbwb vI bIbI jI ny hI ^rId ky id`qI sI[ ieh rbwb gurU
jI ny swrI aumr hI sWB ky r`KI[
bIbI nwnkI ^uS nhIN sI[ gurU jI ny BYx nUM smJwauNidAW aupdyS id`qw, byby
jI ikrq kr KweIAY qW dyhI piv`qr hovY(jnm swKI)[ vIr nUM Awpxy nyVy
r`Kx dI ie`Cw nwl Awpxy pqI jY rwm nUM pRyr ky vIr nwnk nUM nOkrI vI Awpxy
131

hY, blvMf KIvI nyk jn,ijs bhuqI CwauN pqRwlI] lMgr dauliq vMfIAY
rs AMimRq KIir iGAwlI] (pMnw 967)[ mwqw jI ny gurU ky lMgr nUM ipAwr,
siqkwr, inSkwm syvw Aqy brwbrI dw nmUMnw bxw idqw[ mwqw jI ie`k cMgy
pRbMDk vI sn[ ieMnHW ny lMgr dy kMm dIAW ifautIAW ies qrHW vMfIAW sn
ik lMgr iv`c kdy koeI qklIP nw AweI[ BweI ikdwrw Awtw kotw KrIdx
qy inXkuq sn, BweI joD ny Kwxw pkwaux dw kMm sWiBAw hoieAw sI Aqy
BweI b`uFw jI sMgq iv`c lMgr vrqwaux dI syvw inBwauNdy rhy[ mwqw KIvI
jI Awp hQIN dwl pRSwdw vrqwauNdy huMdy sn Aqy pRbMD AYsw sI ik lMgr
iv`c kdy vI qot nhIN sI AwauNdI[ qot nw AwvI KtIAih]

jd ipqw dI nsIhq mMn ky gurU jI ny nOkrI krn dw mn bxwieAw qW

hI pws sulqwnpur dvw id`qI[

AwieAw hY auh Awp jI hn[ ieh izkr s`qy blvMf ny kridAW iliKAw

jd ieh A&vwh swry Sihr iv`c PYl

8.3 bIbI Amro

bIbI Amro gurU AMgd dyv jI dI bytI sI[ ieh AwpxI mW mwqw KIvI
jI vWg hI nyk idl Aqy pwkdwmn iesqRI sI Aqy is`K Drm dI rUh nUM cMgI
qrHW smJdI sI[ aunHW is`KI Aqy is`K m`q dy isDWq dI pUrI smJ Aqy
igAwn sI[ auh au~c AiDAwqimk AvsQw vwly guris`K sn[ aunHW nUM svyry

kuJ ieqhwskwr ilKdy hn ik jY rwm dw ipqw prmwnMd ptvwrI sI Aqy auh gurU nwnk dyv jI dy
ipqw mihqw kwlU nUM jwxdw sI[

AMimRq vyly jwgx dw AiBAws sI Aqy auh gurU nwnk dyv jI dI bwxI dw

99

100

131

pRym nwl AwpxI im`TI Awvwz ivc gwien kirAw krdy sn[ ienHW dI SwdI

nwm bhuq ipAwr siqkwr nwl ilAw jWdw hY[ Awp byh`d swdw jIvn ijauNdy

bwsrky dy mwxk cMd dy pu`qR j`sU nwl hoeI[

sn[ Awp ny hmySw Gr k`qy K`dr dy kpVy pwey Aqy kdI vI koeI iSMgwr nyVy

mwxk cMd dw Brw Amr dws ie`k vYSnv Bgq sI[ auh hr qrHW dIAW
ihMdU rIqW rsmW krdw, vrq rKdw Aqy hr swl (ihMdUAW vloN piv`qR mMny
jWdy) gMgw dirAw qy ieSnwn krn jwieAw krdw sI[ auh 19 vwr gMgW qy
ieSnwn kr AwieAw sI Aqy AnykW ihMdU swDUAW dI sMgq kr c~uikAw sI
pRMqU mn dI SWqI nhIN sI imlI[ ie`k idn svyry svyry bIbI Amro nUM im`TI

nw Awaux id`qw[ AMgRyz ilKwrI mYkwilP ilKdw hY ik jd ie`k is`K bhuq

vDIAw rySmI k`pVy bxvw ky bIbI jI nUM Bytw krn ilAwieAw qW Awp jI
ny kpVy lYx qoN ienkwr kridAW ikhw, kUVu soienw kUVu rupw kUVu pYnxhwr]
kUVu kwieAw kUVu kpVu kUVu rUpu Apwru (pMnw 468)[ aus ny guris`K nUM ikhw
ik k`pVy vyc ky mwieAw lMgr iv`c Krc krn leI dy dyvy[

Awvwz iv`c gurbwxI dw pwT kridAW suixAW qW ienHW au~pr bwxI dw jwdU

18 PrvrI 1553 nUM bIbI BwnI dI SwdI BweI jyTw jI nwl kr id`qI

Asr hoieAw[ bwxI dw hr Sbd Awp jI dI Awqmw iv`c fMUGw KuBdw igAw

geI[ jyTw jI vI bVy nyk idl Aqy Ainn gurBgq sn[ dohW dI joVI bxn

Aqy Awp bys`uD ho bwxI suxdy hI cly gey[ jd bIbI jI pwsoN pqw l~igAw

nwl sony qy suhwgy dw kMm ho igAw[ dovyN hI gurU Gr dI syvw iv`c jut gey

ik ieh bwxI gurU nwnk swihb dI sI qW Awp ausy idn qoN ihMdU rsmW rIqW

Aqy keI pRkwr dI syvw krdy rhy[ gurU Amrdws jI dy joqI joq smwaux

nUM iqAwg ky puUrn qOr qy bwxI dw AiDAYn krn l`g pey Aqy gurU dy drSnW

aupRMq gur g`dI BweI jyTw jI nUM iml geI[ ies qrHW bIbI BwnI gurU dI puqRI,

dI is`k lw leI[ QoVHy icr bwAd Awp gurU nwnk dyv jI dy auqRwiDkwrI gurU

gurU dI pqnI Aqy bwAd iv`c gurU Arjn (pMjvyN gurU jI ) dI mwqw

AMgd dyv jI nUM imlx cly gey Aqy hmySw leI aunHW dI syvw Srn iv`c lIx

sdvweI[ gurU Amr dws jI Awp dI syvw BgqI, inSkwmqw Aqy is`KI

ho gey[ Awp jI ny is`KI jIvn jIivAw Aqy is`KW dy qIsry gurU bxy[ bIbI

isdk qoN eyny pRsMn sn ik Awp ny ikhw, qIno kwl ibKY qu`J jYsI] huey n

Amro ny gurbwxI dy AixAwly qIr pRq`K kr idKwey sn ijnHW ny Amrdws

hY, n hovYgI AYsI]

dy ihrdy nUM hmySw leI gurU bwxI nwl ivMNnH id`qw[ bIbI Amro ny Awip jphu
Avrh nwmu jpwvhu (pMnw 290) qy Aml krn dI rIq Awpxy krm nwl
p`kI kr idKweI[ bIbI Amro jI dw dyhWq bwsrky ipMf ivc hoieAw Aqy
au`Qy hI aunHW dw AMqm sMskwr kIqw igAw[

Bwrq dy ieiqhws iv`c pihlI vwr bIbI BwnI dy ipqw gurU Amr dws
jI ny znwnIAW nUM Drm dy prcwr leI inXukq kIqw sI[ AOrqW dy pRcwr
KyqR nUM pIVHI ikhw jWdw sI[ ies kMm iv`c bIbI BwnI dw pRBwv prq`K
nzr AwauNdw hY[

8.4 bIbI BwnI jI

bIbI BwnI dw is`KI isdk, lgn, idRVH ivSvwS, kurbwnI Aqy mwnvI

bIbI BwnI (1534-1581) gurU Amr dws jI dI CotI puqRI sI

jo 2

syvw A`gy jw ky gurU Arjn dyv jI, gurU qyZ bhwdr jI, swihbzwidAW Aqy

PrvrI 1534 nUM bwsrky pYdw hoeI[ Awp ny gurU ipqw koloN bcpn qoN hI

gurU goibMd isMG jI dIAW Ad`uqI kurbwnIAW dI AwDwr-iSlw bxy[ is`K Drm

ivrwsq iv`c is`KI pweI sI Aqy Awp SrDw, iqAwg, prymwBgqI, inmrqw

dy kyNdr sRI AMiMmRqsr dw vsxw Aqy is`KI dw kyNdr bxnw vI bIbI jI krky

Aqy inSkwm syvw dy AdBuq nmUMnw sn [

sMBv hoieAw ikauik bIbI jI dy nW qy hI gurU Amr dws jI ny AMimRqsr

133

132

is`K jgq iv`c Awp jI dw

ku`J ilKwrI ilKdy hn ik gurU jI dI ie`k hor pu`qRI bIbI dwnI vI sI] ku`J ieiqhwskwrW dw
ivcwr hY ik bIbI BwnI Aqy bIbI dwnI juVvW BYxW sn[

132

Bwau Bgiq ko qn jn BwnI] pRoPYsr pUrn isMG ilKdy hn ik bcpn iv`c bIbI BwnI ie`k`ly bYTx
Aqy pwT krn iv`c bhuq rucI rKdy sn ] (Ten masters By Prof Puran Singh P.41)
133

101

Sihr vwlI QW quMg dy izmINdwrW pwsoN ^RIdI sI[ Awp inmrqw dI AYsI
imswl sn ik gurU dI pqnI huMdy hoey vI lMgr dI syvw h`QIN krdy rhy Aqy
qrn qwrn iv`c koVHIAW dI syvw iv`c l`gy rhy[ 9 ApRYl 1598 nUM Awp jI
dI syvw Bwvnw nUM mu`K rKidAW gurU Arjn dyv jI ny ie`k bwaulI
102

KudvweI qW aus dw nW bIbI BwnI dw KUh r`iKAw[ hr is`K Awp jI nUM dYvI-

ik Awp jI ny AMimRq iv`c pqwSy pwey

mwqw dy rUp iv`c siqkwrdw hY[ isK Drm Aqy ieiqhws ivc aunHW dI Cwp

AMimRq dI dwq pRwpq kr leI[ jdoN vI AMimRq sMcwr huMdw sI mwqw jI hmySw

Aim`t hY[

hwzr rihMdy sn[ gurU jI ny Awp jI nUM Kwlsy dI mwqw hox dw i^qwb

8.5 bIbI vIro jI

id`qw[ cmkOr swihb dI jMg qoN bwAd gurU jI dmdmw swihb cly gey. mwqw

bIbI vIro jI gurU hrgoibMd jI dI puqRI sI Aqy 1605 iv`c pYdw hoeI
sI[ bIbI jI gurmq iv`c inpMun sn Aqy mLHw ipMf (PIrozpur) dy ie`k pUrn
guris`K BweI swDU nwl ivAwhy gey sn[ bIbI jI dy pMj pu`qR sn gulwb cMd,
jIq ml, gMgw rwm, sMgo Swh Aqy hrI cMd[ bIbI jI ny ienHW nUM bcpn qoN
hI nwm bwxI nwl joVI r`iKAw Aqy pUrn guris`K bxwieAw[ pMjy vIr pu`qR
gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Ainn is`K bxy rhy Aqy srkwr vloN m`lo m`lI gurU
jI dy gl pweIAW geIAW lVweIAW iv`c lV ky ShId hoey[ bIbI vIro dy
poiqrAW ny is`K Drm dw dUr dUr q`k pRcwr kIqw[
8.6 mwqw swihb kOr

134

Aqy CyqI hI pMjW ipAwirAW pwsoN

swihb kOr jI ie`Qy vI ipMfW iv`c jw ky AMimRq sMcwr krvwauNdy rhy[ BwgI
bWdr, smIr kot, c`k BweI, mOV, Bu`co, BwgU, biTMfw, mihmy, BoKVI Aqy
PrIdkot iv`c mwqw jI ny hzwrW hI pRwxIAW nUM pRyr ky AMimRqDwrI bxwieAw[
cmkOr swihb iv`c ShIdW dw sMskwr krn vwly BweI qRlok isMG Aqy BweI
rwm isMG ny vI ie`Qy Awky hI AMimRq CikAw sI[ jd gurU jI d`Kx nUM c`ly
qW mwqw jI vI nwl hI cly gey[ swihb dyvI rhy nw idhlI, clI sMg pRB
ky su`K gihlI ] ibnW drSn Bojn nih krhoN, iehW rhy ikAw kwj svrhoN]
(sUrj pRkwS)
mwqw jI hmySw SSqrDwrI rihMdy sn Aqy bwhr jwx vyly sWg (brCI)
vI nwl rKdy sn] AwigAw hovy gih qrvwrw, lrhu sMg s`qrn jr Cwrw]

bIbI swihb kOr bsI rwvW (rohqws-pwiksqwn) dy BweI rwm bwsI dI

Awies hoey sWg kr DwrI,krhu jMg Bwgy sMg kwrI ] (sUrj pRkwS) Awp

spuqRI sn[ Awp byh`d suMdr, suSIl, sinmr, SWqic`q Aqy AiDAwqimk

swihbzwidAW nwl (Kws kr ky Coty nwl) byh`d ipAwr krdy sn[ aunHW dI

ivcwrW dy sn[ Awp ie`k vwr Awpxy pirvwr nwl gurU goibMd isMG jI dy

swrI sMBwl ieho krdy sn[ Awp hI k`pVy pwky auNnHW dy isr a~upr klZI

drSnW nUM Awey Aqy syvw iv`c ju`t gey[ gurU drbwr dI SoBw ivc Awqimk

sjwauNdy Aqy dUr KVo ky dyK dyK ^uS huMdy sn[ guriblws Anuswr ie`k idn

mhOl Aqy inSkwm syvw dy rMg vyK ky eyny pRBwivq hoey ik aunHW ny Gr muVn

Awp ny bwbw Piqh isMG nUM nIlw inhMg bwxw puvwieAw, KMfy sjwey, ikrpwn

dIy QW p`ky qOr au~qy auQy hI rihx dw ierwdw bxw ilAw[ Awp ny ieh prx

pihnweI Aqy klZI lw ky gurU jI dy drbwr iv`c lY Awey[ gurU jI byh`d ^uS

kr ilAw sI ik pihlW gurU jI dy drSn krny hn Pyr hI k`uJ Kwxw pIxw

hoey[

hY[ drSn kry qW Bojn Kwvy] nq ins bwsr CuDq ibhwvy(sUrj pRkwS
ruq 5 AMSU 1) k`pVy pihnx iv`c mwqw jI byh`d swdw sn[ Awp swDwrx
ijhy kpVy dI kurqI Aqy pjwmI pihndy sn[ Awp jI dy ieh swdw bsqr
BweI f`lw dy pirvwr ny dmdmw swihb ivKy sWB ky r`Ky hoey hn[ gurU jI
Awp jI dw bhuq siqkwr krdy sn Aqy Aksr Awp jI dI rwey mMn lYNdy
sn[ Skwieq Awidk lY ky is`K Aksr pihlW mwqw gujrI jI pws jW Awp
jI pws hI hwzr huMdy sn[

Akwl ipAwny qoN pihlW gurU jI ny nwdyV qoN Awp jI nUM CyvyN gurU swihb
dy pMj SwSqr Aqy gurU drbwr dI mohr dy ky id`lI cly jwx leI hukm kr
id`qw[ Awp mwqw suMdrI jI nwl id`lI kuUcw idlvwlI iv`c rihx l`g pey Aqy
36 swl Kwlsy dI syvw iv`c juty rhy[ smwjI qy rwjsI kMmW iv`c Kwlsy dI
rihnumweI krn qoN ielwvw Awp lMgr iqAwr krvwaux Aqy vrqwaux iv`c
pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw dI pusqk mwqw swihb kOr Anuswr pqwSy mwqw jIqo jI ny pwey sn[
aunHW Anuswr mwqw swihb kOr (swihb dyvI jI) AMimRq sMcwr qoN bwd 1701 iv`c gurU jI pws Awey
sn[(pMnw 20) igAwnI igAwn isMG jI dy pMQ pRkwS iv`c vI ieho g`l ilKI imldI hY (pMnw 230)

134

30 mwrc 1699 nUM jd gurU jI ny AMimRq iqAwr kIqw qW ikhw jWdw hY

103

104

vI bhuq rucI r`Kdy sn[ Awp jI vloN rwjsI AgvweI sbMDI Kwlsw jI v`l

dI ieh bhwdrI dyK ky gurU jI ny ienHW dw nW iqAwg m`l qoN bdl ky qyZ

ilKy hux q`k 8 hukmnwmy pRwpq hoey hn[ ienHW hukmnwimAW iv`coN Awp dI

bhwdr r`K id`qw[

spSt socxI, isDWqk pROVHqw Aqy idRVHqw fu`lH fu`lH pYNdI hY[ BweI mlHw Aqy
BweI bwGw nUM ie`k hukmnwmy iv`c ilKdy hn ik gurU GroN corI hoeIy K`cr Aqy
hor swmwn l`Bx dy Xqn audoN q`k iF`ly nhIN hox dyxy jd q`k ieh vsqW
iml nhIN jWdIAW[ srkwr kI K`cr jwxI pwvY nwhIN, mujrw hos] 30
dsMbr 1734 nUM ilKy ie`k hor hukmnwmy iv`c ptn dI sMgq nUM Awm lokW
leI KUh lwaux leI ilKdy hn Aqy kihMdy hn ik mwieAw gurU dy Kzwny iv`coN
Byj id`qI jwvygI[ jdoN dunI cMd ny Awp Aqy mwqw suMdrI iv`ckwr ZlqPihmIAW
dy bI bIzy Aqy is`KW dy do DVy bxw id`qy qW Awp ny spSt Kwlsy nUM iliKAw
ik ZlqPihmI qoN bcx[ gurU drbwr ie`k hYy Aqy ie`k hI rhygw[ swfy iv`c
koeI iBMn Byd nhIN hY[ sB hukm nwimAW iv`c ieh Sbd iml jWdy hn qusIN
myry puq`R PrjMd ho] gurU pUrw quswfI pq rKygw[ gurU gurU jpxw jnm svwrxw]

dsMbr 1675 iv`c jd kSmIrI pMfqW dI iSkwieq lY ky gurU jI id`lI

nUM gey qW mwqw gujrI nUM pqw sI ik aunHW dw ijauNdy vwps Awauxw sMBv nhIN
qW vI aunHW ny ^uSI ^uSI Awpxy pqI nUM loVvMdW dI mdd krn leI qor id`qw[
aus vyly ienHW dw pu`qR goibMd rwey kyvl 9 brs dw hI sI[ Coty ijhy b`cy nUM
Aijhy hwlwq iv`c pwlxw Aqy nwl nwl rwjsI jbr sihxw koeI sihl kMm
nhIN sI[ 1675 qoN 1686 q`k mwqw jI AnMd pur rhy Aqy msMdW dIAW
T`gIAW, corIAW Aqy byeImwnIAW dw mukwblw krdy rhy [ jdoN guruU jI ny
Kwlsw swijAw Aqy AMimRq CkwieAw qW mwqw jI Awp poiqAW nUM AMimRq
Ckwx leI lY ky hwzr hoey [ Xwd rhy ik aus vyly bwbw zorwvr isMG kyvl
4 brs dy hI sn[ dy KWfy kI pwhul qyj bFwieAw] zorwvr kr isMG hukm
vrqwieAw] AnMd pur dy pihly jMg vyly mwqw jI ny gurU goibMd isMG nUM ikhw

mwqw jI nOjvwn j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM byh`d ipAwr krdy sn[ jd

ik Kwlsy dI kmWf bwbw AjIq isMG dy h`Q dy id`qI jwvy[ mwqw suMdrI ny

j`sw isMG AwpxI mwqw jI nwl bYT ky kIrqn krdw qW Awp AwnMdq ho

ies g`l qy ieqrwz kIqw ik AjIq isMG Ajy Cotw hY[ mwqw gujrI ny ikhw,

auTdy Aqy gd gd hoky ausnUM cuk lYNdy Aqy h`QW nUM cuMm lYNdy sn[ AMq smyN

aumr dI g`l nw kro[ SyrW dy b`cy Syr hI huMdy hn135

is`KW dI rwjsI hwlq kwrn mwqw jI audws rihx lg pey[ ienHW dI ^urwk
bhuq QoVHI rih geI sI Aqy Awp bhuqw smW pwT pUujw iv`c hI lMGwaux l`g
pey sn[ jp qp krky idvs ibqwvY, supq Alp, Alp hI KwvY] (sUrj
pRkwS AMSU 15) 1747 iv`c 66 swl dI AwXU Bog ky mwqw jI ies sMswr nUM
Alivdw kih gey[ Awp jI dw sskwr ij`Qy kIqw igAw au~Qy hux gurdvwrw
bwlw swihb bixAw hoieAw hY[

pRis`D mnoivigAwnI Prwief ilKdw hY, mn`uK dw Asiqqv pihly

pMjW swlW iv`c hI pRPulq ho jWdw hY[

136

mwqw gujrI jI ny Prwief dy

ies kQn nUM swbq kr id`qw[ Awp ny zorwvr isMG Aqy Piqh isMG nUM auh
pwx cwVHI ik aunHW dw nW dunIAW dy ieiqhws iv`c hmySw ijMdw rhygw[ mwqw
jI dI is`iKAw dy A`gy v`fy v`fy K`bI Kwn mOlvI qy kwzI vI hwr gey Aqy
b`icAW nUM muslmwn nw bxw sky[ dunIAW iv`c ikDry vI AYsI imswl nhIN
imldI ik 7 Aqy 9 swl dy b`icAW ny Drm dI ^wqr ^uSI ^uSI jwn kurbwn

8.7 mwqw gujrI jI

krqwr pur (jlMDr) dy BweI lwl cMd dI p`uqRI bIbI gujrI dw ivAwh
1632 iv`c gurU hrgoibMd jI dy pu`qr iqAwg m`l jI nwl hoieAw[ Awp bhuq

kr id`qI hovy (12 dsMbr 1704)[ mwqw jI nUM vI TMFy burj iv`c qsIhy
shwrny pey ijs kwrn auh vI 28 dsMbr 1704 nUM pRwx iqAwg gey[
mwqw gujrI ShId dI pqnI, ShId dI mW Aqy ShIdW dI dwdI

hI Dwrimk iv`cwrW dy DwrxI sn[ ivAwh qoN QoVHw hI icr bwAd gurU hr
goibMd jI nUM ie`k Xu`D lVnw ipAw ijs iv`c iqAwg m`l jI ny vI jOhr

AKvwauNdI hY Aqy aus dw Awpxw nW vI ShIdW iv`c hI boldw hY[

idKwey[ muhsn PwnI ilKdy hn ik ieh Xu`D mwqw jI ny AwpxIAW shylIAW

135

purwqn ieiqhwisk jIvnIAW ipRMsIpl siqbIr isMG

136

A mans entire personality is formed in the first five years of his life (Sigmund Freud)

smyq koTy au~pr cVHky dyiKAw Aqy is`KW nUM hlw SyrI idMdy rhy[ iqAwg m`l
105

106

sMprk bxwieAw Aqy mwqw jI Aqy bMdw isMG nUM jgIrW Bytw kIqIAW[ mwqw

8.8 mwqw suMdrI

lhOr dy rwmsrn kumwr dI pu`qRI dw ivAwh gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl
hoieAw[ gurU jI Awp nUM suMdrI kih ky bulwauNdy sn[ gurU jI dy AnNMdpur C`fx
aupRMq mwqw suMdrI jI mwqw swihb kOr jI nwl id`lI rhy Aqy a~uQoN hI QoVHy
smyN leI gurU jI nUM dmdmw swihb imlx leI Awey[ swihbzwidAW dI ShIdI
aupRMq ie`Qy burhwnpur dy suinAwirAW dw ie`k lVkw mwqw jI nUM Skl sUrq
iv`c bwbw AjIq isMG jI vrgw l`gw Aqy Awp ny aus nUM lY-pwlk pu`qR
(muqbMnw) bxw ilAw[ mwqw jI ny aus nUM bVy ipAwr nwl pwilAw pVHwieAw
ilKwieAw Aqy ivAwh id`qw[ pr ies lVky ny mwqw jI dy ipAwr dI koeI
kdr nw pweI[ ies ny mwqw jI dI hdwieq dy iv`ruD ie`k idn gurU jI dy
Ssqr Awpxy srIr au~pr pihn ley Aqy Awpxy Awp dy gurU hox dw AyYlwn
kr id`qw[ jd mwqw jI ny ieqrwz kIqw qW ies ny qlvwr sUq leI[ mwqw

jI ny bMdw isMG nUM rwey dyx leI il`K idqw[ pr cwl fUMGI sI ijs dw mwqw
jI ny pqw lgw ilAw sI[ Pru^isAr ny mwqw suMdrI Aqy mwqw swihb kOr
dohW nUM hI ie`k hvylI iv`c nzrbMd kr id`qw Aqy aunHW dy bwhr AMdr jwx
qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI geI[ Pru^isAr dw i^Awl sI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy
mihlW nUM Cufvwaux leI hr kImq qy is`K id`lI Awauxgy[ is`K vMfy gey Aqy
do rwvW ho geIAW[ bMdeI Kwlsw Awpxy inSwny qy kwiem irhw pr mIrI
isMG, ibnod isMG, Piqh isMG, Swm isMG Aqy kwnH isMG Awpxy Awpxy j`Qy
lY ky A`f ho gey Aqy q`q Kwlsw AKvwey[ qq Kwlsw ny nvMbr 1714 iv`c
Jbwl dy prgxy iv`c jwgIr pRwpq kr leI[ ies qrHW 15000 is`KW dy tu`t
jwx krky mwqw jI bhuq duKI hoey[ pMQ leI ieh bVw kSt dw smW sI[
mwqw jI dohW iDrW nUM smJwauNdy rhy[

jI ny mOkw sMBwlxw hI TIk smiJAw qy ikhw, nh jvwnI ko Bogn krYN ,

lwhOr dy ggvrnr Abdus smd KW vloN ksUr dy husYn KW nwl lVweI

d`uK ky Drm hwr kY mrYN ] hovY durdSw puir mih qyrI, mrih kumOq nwir nr

ho rhI sI jd bMdw isMG ny mOkw qwV ky lhOr qy hmlw krn dI nIq nwl

hyrI] (sUrj pRkwS pMnw 3110)[ Ajy QoVw hI icr bIiqAw sI ik mwqw jI

khwlI ipMf jw fyry lwey[ aus dw i^Awl sI ik q`q Kwlsw aus nwl Aw imlygw

dI Biv`K bwxI s`cI is`D hoeI[ AjIq isMG ny by-nvw nW dy ie`k muslmwn

Aqy lwhOr qy kbzw hox nwl pMjwb iv`coN Pru^isAr dw zulmI rwj hmySw

PkIr nUM kql kr id`qw Aqy aus dI lwS ie`k KUh iv`c su`t id`qI[ igRPqwrI

leI ^qm ho jwvygw[ pr hoieAw ies dy ault[ q`q Kwlsw mIrI isMG dI

dy hukm hox qy jwn bcwaux leI kys kql krvw id`qy Aqy bwdSwh

kmwx hyT ipMf GxIeykI bMdy dI POj nwl twkrw krn leI phuMc igAw[ bMdw

Pru^isAr nUM ilK ByijAw ik mYN gurU grU koeI nhI mYnUM muAwP kIqw jwvy

isMG Brw-mwrU jMg nhIN sI cwhuMdw[ aus ny lwhOr Piqh krn dw iv`cwr C`f

ikauNik ieh kql myry koloN is`KW ny D`ky nwl krvwieAw hY[ ies dIAW krqUqW

id`qw Aqy ip`Cy ht igAw[ 1716 iv`c bMdw isMG gurdws nMgl dy iklHy iv`c

kwrn mwqw swihb kOr Aqy mwqw suMdrI nUM mQrw jw ky luk iCp ky jwn bcwauxI

Gyry iv`c Aw igAw Aqy PiVAw igAw[ Pru^isAr dI cwl kwmXwb rhI[

peI[ 137 AslIAq sB lokW nUM pqw sI[ iesnMU CyqI hI igR&qwr krky 1718

qq ^wlsy qoN jgIr Koh leI geI Aqy auh CyqI hI ^qm kr id`qw igAw[139

iv`c hwQI dy pYrW nwl bMnH ky id`lI dIAW glIAW iv`c GsIitAw igAw[138

mwqw jI ny Awpxy pqI dy clwxy qoN bwAd Kwlsy dI hr qrHW AgvweI

is`KW dI vDdI SkqI nwS krn leI Pru^isAr ny nw kyvl POjI qwkq

kIqI Aqy Kwlsw isDWq nUM vI nw B`ulx id`qw[ is`KW dy ies ib`KVy smyN iv`c

hI vrqI sgoN kUt nIqI qoN vI kMm ilAw[ aus ny 1714 iv`c mwqw suMdrI nwl
ies qoN bwAwd ies dy pu`qr hwQI isMG ny is`KW dw Aglw gurU hox dw AYlwn kr id`qw Aqy ie`k
DrmSwlw au~proN gurU nwnk dyv jI dw nW htw ky au~Qy Awpxw nW ilKvw id`qw[ ieh jvwnI iv`c hI
srkwrI dihSqgrdI dw iSkwr ho ky mwirAw igAw[ ies dy cyilAW ny iesdI ie`k smwD sbzI mMfI
id`lI iv`c bxweI hoeI hY[

bMdw isMG nUM kuqb mInwr kol qsIhy idqy gey[ aus dy pu`qr AjY isMG dw idl k`F ky aus dy mUMh iv`c
Qu`inAw igAw [ aus dIAW A`KW k`F id`qIAW geIAW, pYr k`t id`qy gey, Pyr h`Q k`ty gey Aqy AMq n`k
Aqy kMn k`t ky jmUrW nwl mws noicAw igAw[ aus dw isr hQOVy nwl Pyh id`qw igAw[ ieh swrw kuJ
bMdw isMG dy swQIAW Piqh isMG, gulwb isMG Aqy AwlI isMG dy swhxy aunHW nUM frwaux leI kIqw igAw[
10 jun 1716 nUM auh swry ShId kr idqy gey (mYkwilP pMnw 239)[ mYkwilP ilKdw hYy ik mwqw suMdrI
ny irSvq dy ky kwnH isMG Aqy bwj isMG nUM Cufvw ilAw sI pr ieh g`l hor iksy ieiqhwskwr ny nhIN
ilKI[

107

108

137

mYkwilP Anuswr mwqw jI dw Gr Aqy jwiedwd zbq kr ley gey (Bwg 5 pMnw 254-257)

138

139

vI mwqw jI ny BweI mnI isMG jI nUM sRI drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dw gRMQI

iqAwg geI[ BwgBrI ny Swied jmdUqW nUM gurU jI dy Awaux qk rokI hI

Qwp ky ByijAw qW jo is`KW dw iDAwn isDWqk p`K qoN pry nw ho jwvy[ smyN

r`iKAw sI[ mweI dy Gr gurU jI ny siqsMg lgvw id`qw ij`Qy kSmIr dy is`K

smyN qy auh Kwlsw pMQ nUM syD idMdy rhy[ ikhw jWdw hY ik Awp ny sRI gurU goibMd

pirvwr ie`k`Ty ho ky mweI nUM srDWjLI idMdy rhy[

isMG jI dIAW rcnwvW nUM ie`k`Tw krn bwry vI ierwdw bxwieAw sI Aqy

8.11 bIbI rwj kOr

Xojnw bxweI sI ik AMimRqsr iv`c is`K Drm dI ie`k tkswl cwlU

141

140

kIqI jwvy jo is`K isDWqW dw pRcwr krdI rhy[ mwqw jI dw clwxw id`lI ivKy
hI hoieAw Aqy ie`Qy hI ienHW dI smwDI hY[
8.9 mweI B`tI

jMmdIAW kuVIAW nUM mwr dyx dw rvwj pMjwb iv`c Awm sI Aqy KWdy pINdy
pirvwr Aksr AwpxIAW lVkIAW nUM jnm qoN ku`J smyN bwAwd hI mwr idMdy
sn[ jINd dy rwjy gjpq dy Gr ie`k bytI pYdw hoeI qW aus nUM ie`k lkVI
dy f`by iv`c pwky zmIn iv`c d`b dyx dI skIm bxweI geI[ iksy qrHW ieh

mweI B`tI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI Ainn Bgq Aqy pUrn guris`K bIbI

^br sMq gu`dV isMG horW q`k phuMc geI[ sMq jI pUrn guris`K sn[ Awp

sI[ jdoN gUrU jI mwCIvwVy qoN rweykot v`l jw rhy sn qW Awp mweI B`tI dI

qurq bfru`KW ipMf phuMcy ij`Qy Awpxy nwnky pirvwr iv`c lVkI ny jnm ilAw

bynqI qy ipMf rwjoAwxw ivKyy ruky[ ies vyly gurU jI nUM sWBxw, Awsrw dyxw jW

sI[ sMq jI ny pirvwr nUM iPtkwr pweI Aqy lVkI nUM Awpxy nwl lY gey[

pRSwdw Ckwauxw AqI ^qrnwk kMm sI ikauNik SwhI POj mwro mwr krdI ipMfo

jd ieh lVkI jvwn ho ky ivAwhux Xog hoeI qW bVI buDImwn Aqy

ipMf gurU jI nUM l`B rhI sI Aqy Gr Gr dI qlwSI ho rhI sI[ mweI B`tI
ny ^qry dI pRvwh nw kridAW nw kyvl gurU jI nUM sWiBAw blik Awpxy dohW
puqrW nUM pwlkI cukvw ky gurU jI nUM twlHIAWxw rweykot phuMcw ky AweI[ is`K
bIbIAW dlyrI Aqy infrqw iv`c is`K mrdW nwloN iksy g`loN vI G`t nhIN sn[
8.10 mweI BwgBrI

nIqIvwn swbq hoeI[ sMq jI ny 1774 iv`c ies dI SwdI srdwr mhW isMG
nwl kr id`qI jo ip`CoN Su`krckIAw imsl dy lIfr bxy[ bIbI rwj kOr dy
pytoN hI mhWblI sUrmw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG pYdw hoieAw ijs ny pMjwb au~pr
rwj kIqw Aqy AwpxI bhwdrI dIAW DuMmW swrI dunIAW iv`c pw id`qIAW[
8.12 bIbI rUp kOr

mweI BwgBrI sRI ngr (kSmIr) dI ie`k bRwhmx AOrq sI jo ik gurU

hrgoibMd jI dI Ainn Bgq sI[ Awqimk qRMg dy pRBwv hyT mweI ny Awp
h`QIN sUq k`q ky ie`k vDIAw coLw bxwieAw Aqy mn iv`c ieh ie`Cw DwrI
ik jy gurU kSmIr Awvy qW aus nUM ieh coLW Awp Bytw krW[ pr gurU jI qW
sYNkVy mIl dUr pMjwb iv`c sn[ Acwnk ie`k idn gurU jI ny kSmIr jwx
dw pRogRwm bxw ilAw Aqy sRI ngr phuMc gey[ pRym bYrwgx mweI BwgBrI nUM
gurU jI dy kSmIr Awgmn bwry koeI jwxkwrI nhIN sI[ aus dI hYrwnI dI
h`d nw rhI jd gurU jI ny Awp Aw drvwzw KVkwieAw[ BwgBrI AwpxIAW
A`KW qy Brosw nw kr skI[ aus ny coLw gurU jI dI Bytw kIqw Aqy sMswr nUM
ieh tkswl s`qo kI glI iv`c SUrU kIqI geI sI Aqy bwAd iv`c iesdy sMcwlk ie`k is`K ivdvwn srdwr
AmIr isMG vI rhy[

140

109

bIbI rUp kOr dy mwqw ipqw bwry koeI jwxkwrI pRwpq nhIN hY[ ies nUM
gurU hir rwey swihb ny ie`k rUVI au~proN cukvw ky pwilAw sI Aqy ies dw
nW rUp kOr r`K id`qw sI[ gurU jI dy spu`qr bwbw rwm rwey Aqy hr ikRSn
Awp nwl bhuq ipAwr krdy sn Aqy gurU jI ny vI bIbI nUM hr pRkwr dI
shUlq id`qI Aqy puqRW vWg pwilAw Aqy pVHwieAw[ bIbI jI ny pMjwbI Aqy
ihMdI BwSwvW iv`c kwPI muhwrq hwsl kIqI Aqy hr pRkwr dw igAwn pRwpq
kIqw[ ies dI bu`DI bhuq qIKx sI qy suBw bhuq in`Gw sI[ v`fI hoeI qW
gurU jI ny ies dI SwdI psrUr (isAwlkot qoN 18 mIl- hux pwiksqwn)
dy BweI Kym krn nwl kr id`qI[ bIbI jI dy pRmwqmw ny ie`k pu`qR dI dwq
mweI Awpxy pu`qr syvw rwm dI pRyrnw nwl is`KI iv`c AweI sI[ Bwg BrI dI mOq 1615 iv`c hoeI d`sI
jWdI hY[

141

110

bKSI ijs dw nW Amr isMG r`iKAw igAw[ ieh pirvwr puSqW q`k gurU Gr

iesqRI is`D hoeI[ ies dI SwdI bwbw bu`Fw jI dy pirvwr iv`c AMimRqsr

nwl juiVAw irhw[

srdwr Swm isMG nwl hoeI[ iksmq ny bIbI pRDwn kOr nwl vPw nw kIqI[

142

hzrq muhMmd vloN khy Sbd lokW ny ie`k`Ty kr ley sn[ bwAd iv`c
ie`k pusqk iv`c ie`k`Ty kr id`qy gey ijs nUM hdIs kihMdy hn[ hdIs iv`c
muslmwnW leI hr ivSy qy jwxkwrI pRwpq hY Aqy smyN smyN lokW vloN pu`Cy

pihlW qW Awp dw ie`ko ie`k pu`qR clwxw kr igAw Aqy CyqI hI bwAd pqI
vI iv`CoVw dy igAw[ bIbI jI ny dobwrw SwdI nw krvweI Aqy Awpxw jIvx
smwj syvw leI Arpx kr id`qw[

pRSnw dy au~qr vI drj hn[ bIbI rUp kOr nUM vI gurU hir rwey jI dI hdIs

mhwrwjw Awlw isMG ny bIbI pRDwn kOr nUM 30,000 rupey swlwnw jwgIr

iqAwr krn dw iKAwl AwieAw[ aus ny gurU jI dy AMimRq bcn not krny

dy id`qI pr bIbI jI ny ies iv`coN ie`k pYsw vI Awpxy leI nw ^ricAw[

AwrMB kr id`qy Aqy ie`k pusqk iqAwr kr id`qI[ ies pusqk iv`c gurU

aus ny hrIky (audoN qsIl ksUr iv`c) ipMf ny is`K ivdvwn in`kw isMG nUM is`K

jI dy jIvn bwry Aqy smyN smyN khy sbdW Aqy pu`Cy pRSnW dw aulyK hY[ msln

Drm dy pRcwr leI inXukq kr id`qw[ audoN pMjwb iv`c skUl nhIN sn[ bIbI

ies iv`c d`isAw hY ik jd gurU jI nnkwxw swihb gey qW aunHW ny Awpxw

jI ny Awpxw pihlw skUl brnwly iv`c KolH id`qw ij`Qy is`K Drm dI is`KSw

ibsqrw swrw smW zmIn au~pr hI r~iKAw[ kIrq pur bIbI jI dw ie`k

dy nwl nwl pMjwbI Aqy sMsikRq vI pVHwey jWdy sn [ ies skUl dy ^rcy

rumwl vI idKwieAw jWdw hY[ ie`Qy hI aus dw jpujI swihb dw gu`tkw hY[

Aqy Bojn leI mwieAw bIbI jI AwpxI jyb iv`coN hI idMdy sn[ aus ny QW

APsos hY ik bIbI jI dI ilKq sMpUrx nhIN hY[ pRwpq kwpI iv`c

QW sdw brq AwrMB kr idqy ij`Qy koeI vI rwhI pWDIN muPq Kwxw Kw skdw

isrP 492 qoN 559 sPy hI imly hn[

sI[ ieh lMgr idny rwq KulHy rihMdy sn[

bIbI jI sMsikRq dy ivdvwn sn[ Awp ny keI sMsikRq pusqkW nUM

bIbI jI dI ilKq dw nmUnw:

jW is`K gurU kY AwvY, duAwrY jwie`kY gurU kY drsn bwJu icqu horQY rKY
nwhI[ locw AwpxI drSn iv`c rKY[ drSn AGwie dyKY Aqy aupdyS suxY
AqY prswdu pwie AqY Gir ividAw hovY qW aus is`K ky kMm sMpUrnu hovin[30]
gurU AwiKAw prdrQ nhIN ihrxw, jUAY nwhI Kylxw, pRigRh nhIN jwxw[
inMidAw nwhIN krxI, mdu nwhIN pIvxw[ ieqnIAW g`lW is`KW no muSkl
hYin]10]

pMjwbI iv`c aulQwieAw ijMnW iv`coN ie`k viSSt purwn vI hY[ ies ny ipMf
Ku`fI iv`c fyrw bwbw in`kw isMG SurU krvwieAW Aqy aus dw swrw ^rc bwbw
Awlw isMG nUM dyx leI mnw ilAw[ QoVy icr bwd bwbw rwmw isMG dw ie`k
hor fyrw vI bIbI jI ny SurU krvw id`qw[ ienHW fyirAW qoN ielwvw bIbI jI
ny brnwlw Aqy pitAwlw iv`c keI QweIN KuUh lgvwey Aqy keI Drm SwlwvW
SurU krvwky aunHw nwl lMgr cwlU krvw id`qy[
bIbI pRDwn kOr ny hI bIbI vIro dw irSqw ie`k gurmuK pirvwr iv`c

8.13 bIbI pRDwn kOr

BweI Drm isMG rMDwvw nwl krvw id`qw jo ik nvwb kpUr isMG dy swQI sn[

ieh mhwrwjw Awlw isMG Aqy mweI Piqh kOr (mweI P`qo) dI bytI sI

BweI Drm isMG mhwrwjw Awlw isMG dy swrI aumr prm im`qr bxy rhy Aqy

jo 1661 iv`c pYdw hoeI[ ikauNik pirvwr iv`c ie`klOqI sI ies leI ies

keI vwrI aunHW dy kMm Awey[ mhwrwjw Awlw isMG aunHW nUM Awzm bweI (v`fw

dI pwlxw posxw Aqy pVHweI ilKweI v`l mhwrwjy vloN ivSyS iDAwn id`qw

Brw) kih ky bulwieAw krdy sn[

igAw[ AwpxI mW vWg hI ieh vI is`K Drm dI ie`k ivdvwn Aqy dwnI

8.14 bIbI Bwn kOr CInIvwl

142

pwiksqwn bnx qoN ip`CoN BweI Amr isMG dw Grwxw bnUV dy nyVy ipMf idAwlpurw Aw ky Awbwd hoieAw[

111

bIbI Bwn kOr sMq m`Gr isMG jI dI BYx sn[ Awp dw k`d 7 P`ut sI
112

Aqy sRIr bhuq irSt puSt[ sMq jI vWg hI Awp vI dsqrw sjwauNdy sn[

is`KW nUM nhIN vVn jW rihx dyxgy[ jo vI is`K imly auh aus nUM igR&qwr kr

is`KI Drm dI lgn ienHI sI ik Awp jI ny pRcwr leI bIbIAW dw ie`k

ky nyVy dy Qwxy phuMcwauxgy[ sQwnk sUhIey r`Ky gey ijnHW dw kMm sI is`KW bwry

prcwr j`Qw iqAwr kIqw ijs iv`c sB bIbIAW kIrqn krdIAW sn[ ieh

hr CotI motI ^br nyVy dI POjI post kol jW Qwxy phuMcwauxI[ hukm AdUlI

j`Qw ipMfo ipMf jw ky bIbIAW nUM gurmq igAwn pRdwn krdw Aqy AMimRq

krn vwilAW nUM jylH dI szw id`qI jWdI sI Aqy aunHW dI swrI jwiedwd kurk

CkwauNdw sI[ bIbI jI Awp gurmq dy ivdvwn sn Aqy hr ivSy qy bVI

kr leI jWdI sI[ hukm sI ik ^UbsUrq is`K lVkIAW nUM h`QkVIAW lw

vDIAw kQw kr skdy sn[ ienHW dw swrw smW gurmq AiDAn iv`c hI

ky lwhOr phuMcwieAw jwvy[ is`K mrd (Aqy keI QweIN AOrqW vI) Gr bwr

lMGdw sI[ gurU jI ny kuJ AYsI b^iSS kIqI ik ienHW dI SwdI vI ienHW vrgy

C`f ky jMglW, bIAwbwnW Aqy phwVI K`fW iv`c jw luky[ ikDry koeI is`K nzr

hI CInIvwl dy gurUu ipAwry ivdvwn guris`K srdwr Bwn isMG nwl ho geI[

nhIN sI AwauNdw [

hux qW sony qy suhwgy vwlI g`l bx geI[ dMpqI joVw hor vI vD cVH ky pMQ
dI syvw iv`c jut igAw[ bIbI jI AMimRq Ckwaux qoN ibnw AnMd kwrj nhIN
sn krdy Aqy nw hI krn idMdy sn[ ienHW ny aunHW gRMQIAW dy ivru`D zbrdsq
muihMm clweI jo bZYr AMimRq CkwieAW AnNMd kwrj krdy sn[ Awp ny
Awpxy hQIN 90 joiVAW nUM AMimRq CkwieAw Aqy keI j`Qy bxw ky bIbIAW
nUM Drm pRcwr vl pryirAw[

144

hzwrW hI is`K AOrqW nUM ipMfW iv`coN igRPqwr krky hr roz lwhOr
ilAWdw jwx l`gw[ ienHW nUM Aksr Bu`Ky riKAw jWdw sI, b`icAW qoN inKyV
ilAw jWdw sI Aqy POj leI c`kIAW au~pr AMn pIhx qy lwieAw jWdw sI[
jo iesqRIAW kMm qoN ienkwr krdIAW, kMm G`t krdIAW jW bihs krdIAW
aunHW dy b`i`cAW dy toty krky anHW dy gLW iv`c pw id`qy jWdy sn[ ienHy
kSt shwridAW vI ie`k imswl nhIN imldI ij`Qy iksy is`K znwnI ny fr

8.15 mIr mMnU dy zulm (1748-1753)

sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Akwl clwxy qoN bwAd is`KW au~pr bVw kSt
dw smW sI[ hr pwsy ienHW dw iSkwr KyifAw jw irhw sI[ Awpxy bcw leI
is`KW pws lVn qoN ibnw hor koeI cwrw nhIN sI ies leI ij`Qy ikDry vI dwA
lgdw is`K vI G`t nw krdy [143 hr is`K id`lI dI hkUmq dIAW A`KW iv`c
rVkdw sI Aqy srkwr leI hr is`K hI AwqMkvwdI sI[ Pru^isAr dw
i^Awl sI ik is`K ipMfW iv`coN BrqI huMdy hn ies leI aus ny hukm k`F id`qw
ik ipMfW dy hr is`K nr,nwrI Aqy b`cy nUM kql kr id`qw jwvy jW muslmwn

ky ieslwm kbUl kr ilAw hovy[ mwJy dIAW ku`J is`K AOrqW iksy qrIky
nwl jylH iv`coN B`j in`klIAW Aqy kwhnUMvwn dy jMglW iv`c Cupy is`KW nUM
ipMfW iv`c vwprdIAW GtnwvW bwry jw d`isAw[ is`K bIbIAW dI huMdI by
pqI sux ky is`KW dIAW A`KW iv`c ^Un au~qr AwieAw[ 500 is`KW dw ie`k
j``Qw 1750 iv`c bu`Fw dl dy muKI srdwr kpUr isMG dI kmwx hyT Bys
bdl ky lwhOr jw dw^l hoieAw[ ies j`Qy ny mIr mMnU nUM ijMdw pkVn jW
kql krn dI skIm bxweI pr aus dI iksmq cMgI sI ik auh bc
igAw[

bxw ilAw jwvy[ 30,000 dI ie`k POj iesy kMm leI inXukq kr id`qI geI[

aupRokq Gtnw qoN ipCoN 1753 iv`c srdwr kpUr isMG ny lwhOr qy ie`k

ieh POj ipMfo ipMf jw ky is`KW dw kql-ey-Awm krn l`g peI[ hrI rwm

vwr Pyr hmlw kIqw Aqy mIr mMnMU dI jylH iv`coN hzwrW AOrqW nuMU irhw krvw

gupqw AwpxI pusqk History of the Sikhs (Vol 2) dy pMnw 40 qy ilKdy hn,

144

sivtzrlYNf dw vwsI AONtoien hYnrI polIAr aus vyly id`lI iv`c sI[ ip`CoN 1776 iv`c aus ny
iliKAw, njP KW (idlI dw pRDwn mMqRI) dy 500 jvwn 50 is`K GoV svwrW nwl lVn dw hOslw nw kr
sky (Asiatic Annual Register 1800 page 32-34)

jMmU, kWgVw, hoiSAwrpur dIAW phwVIAW, bIkwnyr Aqy l`KI jMgl is`KW dy itkwxy sn[ ie`k muslmwn
drbwrI imlikn ijs dI ifautI is`KW nUM kql krn dI sI ipMf dmodrn (p`tI) nyVy is`KW nwl hoeI ie`k JV`p
bwry ilKdw hY ik is`K ie`k mhInw lVdy rhy Aqy AMq SwhI POjW 300 spwhIAW nUM mOq dy mUMh iv`c C`f ky n`T
geIAW[ Mr. Hari Ram Gupta quotes Milkin as follows in vol.2 page 284. I was astonished
to see three Sikh horsemen were driving away the whole force.I galloped after them for
one Kos.I came across a large number of men lying dead on the way.But Mohammed Aqil
dragged me back after a great resistance .We reached our troops safely.

113

114

aunHW ny ipMfW dy srpMcW koloN ilKqI hlPnwmy ilKvwey ik auh ipMfW iv`c
143

ilAw[

145

1760 iv`c Kwlsy ny ienHW bhwdr AOrqW dIAW kurbwnIAW dw mu`l

8.16 mwlvy iv`c qsIhw kyNdr

pwauNdy hoey is`K Ardws iv`c bIbIAW dI kurbwnI nUM Swml kr ilAw[ A`j

swry pMjwb iv`c is`KW nUM PVn Aqy kql krn leI qsIhw kyNdr bxwey

vI ienHW bIbIAW dI kurbwnI hr is`K Xwd krky nqmsqk ho jWdw hY[ DMn

gey sn ij`Qy b`icAW Aqy znwnIAW nUM ilAw ky aunHW dy mrdW bwry qsIhy dy

hn swfIAW is`K bIbIAW[ ieh Kwlsy dI gOrvqw Aqy AxK dIAW sUck

ky jwxkwrI leI jWdI sI[ mwlvy iv`c momn KW dI kmwx hyT ipMf mu`lWpur

hn[

(luiDAwxw)

148

ivKy Aijhw ie`k qsIhw kyNdr KoilHAw igAw sI[ ielwky

dsMbr 1757 nUM jhwn KWn ny soFI vfBwg isMG nUM igRPqwr krn dw

dy corW, bdmwSW, fwkUuAW nUM pUrI KulH dy id`qI geI sI ik is`KW nUM lu`tx, mwrx

hukm dy id`qw[ soFI nUM ies dw pqw l`g igAw Aqy auh gupq ho ky

jW PV ky ilAwaux Aqy ienwm pRwpq krn[ ipMfW iv`coN iesqRIAW Aqy b`cy

hoiSAwrpur dy ipMf bhIrI jw luikAw[ jhwn Kwn dy kmWfr nsIr AlI

ie`Qy ie`k`Ty kr ley jWdy sn Aqy aunHW dy h`Q r`isAW nwl bMnH id`qy jWdy sn[

ny sQwnk is`K AsQwn

Fw id`qw Aqy gaUAW kql krvw ky ies iv`c

ies QW qoN 1962 iv`c ies qrHW iesqRIAW Aqy b`icAW dIAW bMNnHIAW hoeIAW

sutvw id`qIAW[ aus ny swrIAW ihMdU is`K AorqW nUM D`ky nwl ieslwm kbUl

lwSW dy ipMjr inkly sn[ audoN q`k iksy nUM pqw vI nhIN sI ik sYNkVy swlW

krvwieAw Aqy Awly duAwLy dy ipMf qbwh kr id`qy[ ie`k nojvwn is`K

qoN ies QW nUM muSikAwxw ikauN ikhw jWdw sI Aqy lok ies nUM ShIdW dI jgHw

lVkI inrBY kOr Aqy aus dI mwqw dIdwr kOr ny qlvwr cu`k leI Aqy f`t

kih ky ikauN pUijAw krdy sn[ sQwnk guris`KW ny hux ie`Qy gurdvwrw

ky mukwblw kIqw[ aunHW ny keI bIbIAW nUM ieslwm kbUl krn qoN Aqy

muSikAwxw sQwpq kr id`qw hY[ Sbd muSikAwxw PwrsI dy Sbd muSkIdn

muslmwnW dy h`Q Aw jwx qoN bcw ilAw[

qoN bixAw hY ijs dw ArQ hY l`qW bwhW nUM r`isAw nwl bMnHxw (muSkW ksxw)[

146

APsos hY ik is`K ieqihws dy ies ^UnI Xug dw pUrw ieiqhws auplbD

nhIN hY[ ie`k qW is`KW pws ivhl hI nhIN sI ik k`uJ ilK skdy dUsry ijnHW
ieiqhwskwrW ny ku`J iliKAw vI hY aunHW ny vI moty moty hwlwq hI ilKy hn
qy mrdW dw ieiqhws hI klmbMd kIqw hY[ ie`Qy AsIN pMjwb dy ku`J ipMfW
dIAW bIbIAW dw ieiqhws ilK rhy hW ijs nUM ik sMq ivswKw jI 147 ny ilK
ky guMm hox qoN bcw ilAw hY[

aupRokq kyNdr iv`c bhuqIAW bIbIAW ipMf koTwlw (mlyr kotlw) qoN
ilAWdIAW geIAW sn[ ikDry ikDry bIbIAW ny AwpxI iezq Aqy jwn bcwaux
leI lVweIAW vI kIqIAW[ ipMf is`D sr, byr, mihmUd purw, Koslw Aqy JMmt
iv`c bIbIAW ny ft ky mukwbly kIqy Aqy lV ky ShId hoeIAW[ ipMf kulwVH
iv`c cMgw Bwrw Xu`D hoieAw Aqy ie`Qy ies dI Xwd iv`c mT bxy hoey hn[ Aijhw
hI ie`k BwrI twkrw AMimRqsr izly dy ipMf nfwlI Aqy vrpwl iv`ckwr
hoieAw ijQy bIbIAW ny cVH ky Awey DwVvI drogy (Qwnydwr) nUM vI ic`q kr id`qw

iesy swl hI 7 AkqUbr 1753 nUM srdwr kpUr isMG clwxw kr gey[ mIr mMnU 3 nvMbr 1753 nUM
GoVy qoN if`g ky mr igAw[
145

ieh AsQwn (QMm swihb) Aqy ipMf gurU Arjn dyv jI ny 1598 iv`c vswey sn[ ie`Qy hI gurU gRMQ
swihb jI dI gurU Arjn dyv jI dy hQIN iqAwr krvweI pihlI bIV SIS mhl iv`c suSoBq hY [ 1833
iv`c mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies QW nUM murMmq krvw ky muV auswirAw Aqy Piqhpur nW dw ipMf ies
gurdvwry dy nW lw id`qw[

146

ieh ieiqhws (mwlvy dw ieiqhws) sMq jI ny Awpxy bzurgW qoN sux ky aunHW dIAW ilKqW pVH ky
iqAwr kIqw sI[ aunHW ny ilKx qoN pihlW ipMfW dy dOry krky swrI smgrI iek`TI kIqI sI[ ies smyN
is`K bIbIAW nwl jo bIqI aus bwry hor jwxkwrI bhwdr isMGxIAW pusqk iv`c BweI syvw isMG jI
ny vI ilKI hY[ sMq jI ny ie`k hor pusqk ies AsQwn bwry ilKI ijs dw nw hY is`K bIbIAW dw qpoDwm
qy kurbwngwh gurdvwrw muSikAwxw ShId isMGxIAW
147

115

sI[ sMq purw mhyrnw iv`Ky bIbIAW dy Xu`D dI Xwd iv`c hux gurdvwrw suSoBq
hY [ klsIAW, rweykot, b`DxI Aqy hTUr149 iv`c vI Aijhy hI twkry hoey[ mu`lWpur ie`k`TIAW kIqIAW sB is`K AOrqW nUM auQoN qor ky ipMf Zwilb klW
148

150

ieh ipMf luiDAwxy qoN 12 mIL PIrozpur jwx vwlI sVk au@~pr siQ`q hY

hTuUr iv`c sqIAW dy KUh A`j vI Xwd krvwauNdy hn ik ikvyN bIbIAW ny AwpxI iezq bcwaux
leI KUuhW iv`c CwlW mwr ky kurbwnIAW dy id`qIAW pr isdk nhIN hwirAw `[
149

ieiqhws qoN pqw cldw hY ik ie`Qy bIbIAW vloN kwPI Bwrw Xu`D kIqw igAw[ krwVI dw Qyh auh
QW hY ij`Qy bIbIAW vloN bZwvq kIqI geI Aqy keI srkwrI AiDkwrI mwr id`qy gey [ ikhw jWdw hY
ik ie`Qy Xu`D iv`c ie`k K`qRI ihMdU AOrq (krwVI?) ny bIbIAW dI AgvweI kIqI[ keI Awzwd ho geIAW
Aqy geIAW ny KUhW iv`c CwlW mwr id`qIAW[
150

116

(luiDAwxw) iljwieAw jWdw sI[ ie`Qy aunHW iv`c hTUr Aqy Awly duAwly dy hor
ipMfW iv`coN AweIAW hor kYdI AOrqW Aw imldIAW sn[ Aglw kYNp kot eIsy
KW sI ij`Qy iqhwVw, BUMdVI, is`DvW byt Aqy Drm kot dIAW AOrqW nUM ilAWdw
jWdw sI[ ie`Qy sB nUM g`ifAw ryiVHAW iv`c B`uKy Bwxy l`d ky lwhOr nUM qoirAw
jWdw sI[ kVkdI Du`p, ipAws, Bu`K, Srm, qklIP, mwrkutweI Aqy lwcwrI
iv`c AnykW rwh iv`c hI mr jWdIAW sn[ koeI Bj in`kldI sI qW Gr Gwt
qbwh hoieAw dyK Aqy Biv`Kq dI bysroswmwnI qoN duKI ho ky Awqm Gwq kr
lYNdI sI[ koeI imswl nhIN imldI iksy is`K znwnI ny ieslwm kbUl ky AwpxI
jW Awpxy b`icAW dI jwn bcweI hovy[
lwhOr phuMcx vwlIAW AOrqW nUM sB qoN pihlW mIr mMnUM dy pyS kIqw jWdw
sI ij`Qy aunHW qoN isMGW dy QW itkwixAW bwry p`uiCAW jWdw sI[ aunHW nUM ikhw
jWdw sI ik QW tkwxw d`sx vwlIAW nUM jw ieslwm kbUl krn vwlIAW nUM
C`f id`qw jwvygw[ ikhw jWdw sI ik quhwfy mrd inl`j Aqy frpok hn jo
quhwnUM d`uKW klySW iv`c C`f ky dOV gey hn[ ^UbsUrq znwnIAW nUM qrHW qrHW
dy sbz bwZ idKwey jWdy sn pr sB AOrqW n&rq nwl aunHW dIAW g`lW nUM
AxgOilAW kr C`fdIAW sn[ Awps iv`c kIqI geI QoVI ijhI g`lbwq nUM
vI B`jx dI skIm d`sky kSt id`qw jWdw sI Aqy Bojn pwxI bMd kr id`qw
jWdw sI[ mUMhoN Avw qvw bolxw qW ispwhIAW iv`c Awm hI sI[ idRVH
ivSvwSI AOrqW dI idRVHqw nUM qoVn leI aunHW dy b`icAW nMU au~pr su`t ky
nyizAW au~pr tuMg ilAw jWdw sI[ kSt nw shwr ky ShId hoeIAW AOrqW
nUM ie`k msijd dy nyVy dbw id`qw jWdw sI[ AMgRyz srkwr vyly 1935 iv`c
is`KW ny mukdmw lV ky ieh msijd vwlI QW pRwpq kr leI[ ie`Qy gurdvwrw
ayuswrn vyly hzwrW hI AOrqW Aqy b`icAW dIAW lwSW dy ipMjr inkly sn[
ku`J ku dy ipMjr msijd dIAW kMDW iv`coN vI imly[ ie`Qy hux gurdvwrw ShId
gMj isMGxIAW bixAW hoieAw hY[ ienHW ShId bIbIAW dI kurbwnI leI is`K
pMQ hmySw irxI rhygw[

kWf 9
nIqIvwn qy sUrvIr is`K iesqRIAW
is`K iesqRIAW vloN jo bhwdrI idKweI geI hY auh ieiqhws iv`c hor
ikDry G`t hI dyKx nUM imldI hY[ pMjwb dy sdIAW q`k ivgVy rhy hwlwq
kwrn pMjwbI AOrqW iv`c GtIAwpx dw Aihsws Aw jwxw kudrqI sI[ gurU
goibMd isMG jI ny ieh Aihsws hmySW leI nSt krn dw bIVw c`uikAw Aqy
AOrqW iv`c ie`k nvIN rUh PUNk id`qI[ hux AOrq nUM hukm hoieAw ik auh
AwpxI ihPwzq Awp kry[ ieh pMjwbI ieiqhws dw ie`k kRWqIkwrI moV sI
ijs ny BolI BwlI, frU Aqy Ablw pMjwbI iesqRI nUM ie`k sUrvIr ispwhI bxw
id`qw[ hrI rwm gupqw ilKdy hn, ie`k pYNfU j`t znwnI hux iksy pRkwr vI
susq, iF`lV jW kmzor nw rhI[ Ku`lI hvw,qkVI ^urwk Aqy ipMfW dI s^q
ijMdgI ny aunHW dI ishq, SkqI Aqy mzbUq fOiLAW iv`c auh aUrjw BrI
ik aunHW ny qlvwrW cu`k leIAW Aqy Kwlsy dy jMgW Xu`Dw iv`c BrpUr ih`sw lYxw
AwrMB kr id`qw[ (History of the Sikhs Vol2 p.274)
is`K AorqW dI dlyrI dI ie`k Gtnw gurU jI dy joqI joq smwaux (1708)
qoN QoVHW icr bwAd ndyV swihb iv`c vwprI[ ie`Qy kuJ muslmwn SRwrqIAW
ny gurU jI dy AMgITy nUM nSt krn dy Xqn kIqy[ sQwnk is`KW dI igxqI QoVHI
sI qy auh CyqI hI iq`qr ib`qr ho gey[ pMjwb iv`c ^br pu`jI qW mwlvy dIAW
l`g pg 200 znwnIAW ny hiQAwr cu`k ley, kysrI bwxy pwey Aqy GoV svwr
ho ky ndyV jw phuMcIAW[ ie`k CotI ijhI JV`p iv`c ienHW ny nw kyvl
SRwrqIAW nUM KdyV id`qw sgoN aunHW dw JMfw vI Koh ilAw[ gurU jI dw AMgITW
pUrI qrHW iqAwr hox q`k ieh au`Qy ftIAW rhIAW[
qwrIKy pMjwb dw krqw Aihmd Swh btwlvI sUrvIr is`K znwnIAW
dIAW bhwdrIAW bwry izkr kridAW ilKdw hY ik srdwr bGyl isMG dI
pqnI ny ijMnW icr ijauNdI rhI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM AwpxI irAwsq

117

118

vl A`K nw cu`kx id`qI [151 rwhoN vwly qwrw isMG dI ivDvw ie`k byh`d A`CI

qy qlvwr Koh leI[ pTwx, jo Awm krky bVy bhwdr huMdy hn, ny ies hwr

pRbMDk sI[ AMbwly vwly gurbKS isMG dI pqnI ie`k cMgy rwjnIqk vjoN

nUM v`fI SrimMdgI smiJAw ik iksy AOrq qoN hwr igAw hY[ aus ny bynqI

jwxI jWdI SI[ gulwb isMG BMgI dI ivDvw mweI su`KW ny Awpxy godI ley puqR

kIqI ik auh AOrq aus nUM mwr dyvy[ aus is`K AOrq ny aus nUM qlvwr

dw rwj AMimRqsr iv`c bVI isAwxp nwl sWiBAw[ pTwxkot vwly srdwr

moVidAW ikhw, mrd hYN qW iksy mrd nwl m`Qw lweIN iksy AOrq qy vwr

nOD isMG dI pqnI jONsw ie`k mMnI pRmMnI rwjnIqk sI[ jd mhwrwjw

nw krIN

rxjIq isMG ny isAwlkot vwly srdwr idAwl isMG nUM PV ky kYd kr ilAw
Aqy aus dI pqnI sihjo nUM idAwlgVH dy ikly iv`c Gyrw pw ilAw qW auh
ienI bhwdrI nwl lVI ik mhwrwjy nUM srdwr kysrw isMG rwhIN rwjInwmy
leI mjbUr hoxw ipAw[ nwBy dy srdwr hmIr isMG dI pqnI mweI dysU

keI is`K AOrqW ny rwj pRbMD rwjnIqI jW sUrmqweI iv`c iprqW

pweIAW hn[ ie`Qy AsIN kuJ ku dw vyrvw dyvWgy
9.1 mhwrwxI P`qo

bhwdrI leI swry ielwky iv`c mShUr sI[ jINd dy rwjy vloN aus dy pqI nMU

pMjwb iv`c kwPI smW ieh irvwj irhw sI ik jMmdI lVkI nUM mwr id`qw

hrw ky kYd kr ilAw igAw[ mweI dysU ny lV ky Awpxw swrw ielwkw vwps

jWdw sI[ is`K gurU swihbwn ny gurU nwnk swihb dy smyN qoN hI ies kukrm

ilAw[ 1738 iv`c jd aus dy pqI dI mOq ho geI qW auh 8 swl dy byty

iv`ruD pRcwr AwrMiBAw hoeAw sI pRqMU Ajy vI ieh rvwj pUrI qrHW hitAw

jsvMq isMG leI rwj Bwg sMBwldI rhI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw ipqw

nhIN sI[ mweI P`qo nUM jMimdAW hI mwr dyx dI g`l dw pqw BweI BgqU dI

srdwr mhW isMG kyvl 10 swl dw sI jdoN aus dI mW ny rwj Bwg dw kMm

AOlwd dy BweI idAwl isMG nUM l`g igAw[ auh qurq P`qo dy ipqw mlUkw kol

sMBwilAw Aqy gujrWvwly dw iklHw iqAwr krvwieAw ijs nUM ik Aihmd

pu`jw Aqy P`qo nUM mrn qoN bcw ilAw igAw[ aus ny lVkI dw nW Piqh kOr

Swh AbdwlI nSt kr igAw sI[

r`K id`qw Aqy pwlx leI Awpxy pws lyYy igAw[ ivAwhux Xog hoeI qW idAwl

ikDry ikDry is`K nOkrwxIAW ny vI kmwl dI bhwdrI idKweI[ jd

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy sbMD AwpxI s`s sdw kOr nwl ivgV gey qW aus
ny ie`k qkVI POj imsr dIvwn cMd dI kmwn hyT s`s au~pr hmlw krn
leI Byj id`qI[ dIvwn cMd ny btwlw, pTwxkot Aqy mukyrIAW qy kbzw kr
ilAw Aqy At`l gVH dy iklHy nUM Gyr ilAw[ mhWrwxI dI nOkrwxI ny kmwn
sMBwlI Aqy f`t ky mukwblw krnw SurU kr id`qw[ AwpxI pUrI qwkq lw ky

isMG ny aus dw ivAwh srdwr Awlw isMG nwl kr id`qw Aqy auh pitAwly
dI mhwrwxI bx geI[ mweI P`qo swrI aumr BweI BgqU dI AOlwd dI irxI
rhI[ hrI rwm gupqw

hXwq-ey-A&ZwnI iv`c ie`k is`K AOrq dI khwxI hY[ ies is`K AOrq
au~pr Acwnk iksy pTwx ny hmlw kr id`qw[ AOrq ny aus nUM Q`ly su`t ilAw

ilKdy hn ik mweI P`qo ie`k idRVH isAwsqdwn,

huiSAwr dlyr Aqy Dwrimk AOrq sI ijs nUM ieiqhws Aqy swihq bwry
byh`d vwkPIAq sI[ mhwrwjw Awlw isMG ny jo vI pRwpqIAW kIqIAW aunHW
iv`c bhuqw Xogdwn mweI P`qo dw hI sI[
mhwrwjw Awlw isMG dy Kwlsw dl nwl sbMD mhwrwxI P`qo rwhIN hI huMdy

vI dIvwn cMd iklHy iv`c nw vV sikAw[ keI idn dI K`jL KuAwrI qoN bwAd
ie`k clwkI nwl iklHy dy drvwzy KulHvwey gey[

152

sn Aqy Kwlsw dl vI mhwrwxI dw bhuq Awdr siqkwr krdw sI[

mhwrwxI pUrn SrDwvwn is`K Aqy fUMGy Dwrimk iv`cwrW dI DwrxI sI[ auh
Awp lMgr iv`c h`QIN syvw krdI Aqy ZrIbW nUM hr mhIny dwn idAw krdI
sI[ aus ny hI mhwrwjw Awlw isMG nUM pRyrxw dy ky nvwb kpUr isMG pwsoN

pMjwbI AYfISn: Anuvwd krqw gurbKS isMG pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw pMnw 20. Aihmd Swh
iksy rwijMdr kOr nW dI iesqRI dI bhwdrI bwry bVw ku`J ilKdw hY[ hrI rwm gupqw vI pMnw 81 au~pr
is`K AOrqW dI bhwdrI bwry ilKdw hY[

AMimRq Ckx leI iqAwr kr ilAw sI[ mhwrwjy ny mhwrwxI P`qo dI gl

119

120

151

152

History of the Sikhs By Hari Ram Gupta Vol 2 p.161

pRvwx kr ky ipMf TIkrIvwlw iv`c nvwb kpUr isMG hQoN AMimRq dI dwq

dvw AweI ik nwnMU m`l Awpxw vcn pUrw kr dyvygw[ pr nwnMU m`l ny bIbI

pRwpq kr leI[

dI koeI g`l nw suxI[ pYsy nw imldy dyKky rwxy KW ny nwnUM m`l, aus dy pu`qr

srihMd dw sUbydwr swidk byg mhwrwjw Awlw isMG nwl nwrwz ho igAw
ikauNik mhwrwjy ny swdk byg dy k`Fy hoey lCmI dws nUM nOkrI qy r`K ilAw
sI[ swidk byg mhwrwjy qy hmlw krn leI iqAwrI krn l`gw[ Awlw isMG
ny Aihmd Swh AbdwlI nwl lVweI iv`c juty mrh`itAW nUM kwPI swrw rwSn
Byj id`qw sI ijs kwrn Aihmd Swh AbdwlI vI mhwrwjy nwl nwrwz sI
qy pitAwly qy hmlw krn dI iqAwrI iv`c sI[ mhwrwjw burI qrHW Ps igAw

dyvI id`qw, rwijMdr kOr Aqy jgrwauN vwly rwey Aihmd nUM igRPqwr kr ky
pwxIpq v`l qor ilAw[ pwxIpq pu`jdy hI rwey Aihmd qW iksy qrHW clwkI
nwl iKsk igAw Aqy nwnUM m`l vcn pUrw krn leI mwieAw ilAwaux dy
bhwny vwps Aw igAw[ bIbI rwijMdr kOr Aqy dyvI id`qw nUM mQrw iljw ky
kYd kr id`qw igAw[ AMq nwnUM m`l mwieAw lY ky hwzr hoieAw qW ienHW dI
bMd KlwsI hoeI[

sI[ ie`k pwsy swdk byg Aqy dUjy pwsy AbdwlI[ mhwrwxI ny ie`k suGV

1791 iv`c gopwl rwE mrhtw ny mhwrwjy pitAwly nUM iliKAw ik aus

nIqIvwn vWg srdwr Bolw isMG Aqy bIrm iF`loN nUM Aihmd Swh dI qwkq

nUM qwvwn dI rkm jo keI kroV bxdI sI id`qI jwvy[ nwnMU m`l ny 8 l`K

dw AMdwzw lwaux leI idLI v`l Byj id`qw Aqy Awp mhwrwjy dI mdd leI

ruipAw dyxw kr ilAw pr CyqI hI rkm dyx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw[ bIbI

POj lY ky swdk byg dy twkry leI ipMf mUxk phuMc geI[ aus vyly mhwrwxI

rwijMdr kOr nwnMU m`l nUM nwl lY ky JgVw nij`Tx leI geI pr gopwl rwE

dw poqRw Amr isMG ies dy ku`CV c`uikAw hoieAw sI[ APZwnI POjW ny

ny dohW nUM kYd kr ilAw Aqy 10,000 POj rwvlo jI isMDIAW dI kmwx hyT

brnwlw lu`t ilAw pr mhwrwxI ny cusqI nwl pitAwly nUM bcw ilAw[ auDr

pitAwly v`l nUM Byj id`qI[ AMq bIbI rwijMdr kOr ny AMgRyzW nUM iv`colw mMn

Aihmd Swh qoN bcx leI aus nUM 5 l`K ruipAw dy ky dosqI kr leI [ ies

ky rwzInwmw kr ilAw Aqy dovyN C`f id`qy gey[

rwzInwmy qy dl Kwlsw ^uS nhIN sI pr aunHW ny mweI P`qo dw ilhwz rKidAW

mhwrwjw Awlw isMG nUM jurmwnw kr idqw jo mhwrwjy ny srdwr j`sw isMG
AhlUvwlIAw rwhIN dl Kwlsy qk phuMcw id`qw[

CyqI hI ipCoN jnrl pYrn ny pitAwly qy hmlw krn dI nIq nwl 1

jnvrI 1799 nuMU krnwl Aw fyry lwey Aqy pitAwly dy mhwrwjw swihb isMG,
jINd dy rwjw Bwg isMG, Qwnysr dy rwjw BMgw isMG Aqy kYQl dy rwjw lwl

mhwrwxI iqMn pu`qr Aqy ie`k bIbI pRDwn kOr nUM C`f ky 1830 iv`c

isMG nUM hwzr hox leI ikhw[ pr ienHW sB ny ienkwr kr id`qw Aqy lVweI

clwxw kr geI[ Aj q`k mweI P`qo rwjnIqk Aqy mhW dwnI dy qOr qy jwxI

dIAW iqAwrIAW SurU ho geIAW[ jnrl pYrn kol POj bhuqI sI Aqy aus

jWdI hY[ pitAwly dy rwj nUM aus dI dyx Adu`qI hY[

dI mdd leI kuMj qoN gulSyr KW vloN vI POj phuMc geI[ aus ny Qwnysr qy

9.2 bIbI rwijMdr kOr

h`lw bol id`qw[ BMgw isMG B`j ky pitAwly jw viVAw[ ie`k vwr Pyr mslHw

bIbI rwijMdr kOr mhwrwjw Awlw isMG dI poqRI sI ieh PgvwVy dy

cODrI iqlok cMd nwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ 1790 iv`c mrh`tw jrnYl rwxy KW
ny pitAwlw irAwsq dI mdd ies Srq qy kIqI sI ik pitAwly vloN aus
nUM 6 l`K rupieAw id`qw jwvygw[ ieh vwAdw pitAwly dy vzIr nwnMU m`l ny
kIqw sI jo bwAd iv`c pYsy dyx qoN mu`kr igAw[ rwxy KW ny pitAwlw irAwsq
dy ipMfW iv`c hulVH mcwauxw SurU kr id`qw qW bIbI rwijMdr kOr aus nUM Brosw
121

g`l bwq rwhIN bIbI rwijMdr kOr ny hI sulJwieAw[ bdiksmqI nwl nwnMU
m`l dI SRwrq kwrn ieh rwzInwmw mhwrwjw swihb isMG ny mMnx qoN ienkwr
kr id`qw Aqy bIbI nUM imlx qoN vI ienkwr kr id`qw[ CyqI hI bwAd bIbI
clwxw kr geI[
9.3 bIbI swihb kOr
bIbI swihb kOr pitAwly dy rwjw swihb isMG dI BYx sI Aqy rwjw
122

Amr isMG dI lVkI sI [153 ies dI SwdI Piqh gVH cUVIAW dy knHeIAw
imsl dy srdwr hkIkq isMG dy pu`qr jYml isMG nwl hoeI sI [

154

ieh

bIbI dyS BgqI Aqy bhwdrI dI izMdw imswl sI[ CotI aumr iv`c hI ies
ny GoV svwrI, qIr AMdwzI Aqy qlvwr clwauxw is`K ley sn[ ipCoN ieh
ie`k vDIAw pRbMDk Aqy jrnYl swbq hoeI[ ies ny Aqy ies dy Brw swihb
isMG ny pRis`D is`K lIfr srdwr bGyl isMG pwsoN AMimRq CikAw[

(ijs nUM cwlHIvW kihMdy hn)[

bIbI swihb kOr ieh ikvyN shwr skdI sI[ aus ny Awpxy pqI dI
AwigAw lY ky pitAwly Aw ky rwj Bwg dw swrw pRbMD sWB ilAw[ idnW iv`c
hI aus ny pRbMD suDwr id`qw,purwxy ikly murMmq krvwey Aqy rqn gVH dw nvW
iklHw bxvwieAw[ POj nUM ie`k isirEN nvIN qrqIb id`qI geI[ GxIAW bwjw
dy izMmIdwrW ny bZwvq krky srdwr cUhV isMG nUM kql kr id`qw sI[ bIbI

Amr isMG dI mOq vyly (1782) swihb isMG kyvl 9 virHAW dw sI[ ieh

3000 POj lY ky qurq auQy pu`jI Aqy aunHW dw sPwieAw kr id`qw[ ies

bhuq kmzor idl, ^ud grz, lweIl`g, icVicVw Aqy inkMmw sI[ ies nUM

bhwdrI dI sB ny qwrI& kIqI[ Ajy ie`DroN ivhlI nhIN sI hoeI ik ^br

dOry pY jWdy sn Aqy ieh iksy au~pr vI Brosw nhIN sI krdw[ iksy qrHW vI

imlI ik ies dy pqI jYml isMG nUM Piqh isMG ny kYd kr ilAw hY[ bIbI

ieh rwj Bwg dy lwiek nhIN sI[ ies ny swrw kMm nwnMU m`l vzIr qy C`f

ie`k dm PiqhgVH phuMcI Aqy Piqh isMG nUM hrw ky pqI nUM Awzwd krvw

id`qw hoieAw sI[ nwnUM m`l sunwm dw bwxIAW sI[ ieh inhwieq hI byeImwn,

ilAw[ Piqh isMG ny ies hwr dI ieMnI SrimMdgI mMnI ik Awqm h`iqAw

sVIAl, DoKybwz Aqy SRwrqI bMdw sI[ is`K Drm Aqy Kwlsw dl nUM n&rq

kr leI[ bIbI ny aus dw swrw ielwkw Awpxy pqI dy rwj iv`c rlw ilAw[

krdw sI Aqy lok vI iesqoN duKI sn[ ies ny mhwrwjy, aus dy pirvwr Aqy

1794 iv`c bwbw swihb isMG bydI ny mlyr kotly au~pr h`lw bol id`qw[

drbwrIAW iv`c AYsw pwtk pwieAw ik Awp hI sB ku`J bx bYTw[ CyqI hI

ies ny cMgIAW cMgIAW nOkrIAW qoN is`K htw id`qy Aqy Awpxy irSqydwr Aqy
pu`qR lw ley[ hux ies dw dbdbw ienw sI ik ieh kwnUMn dy iKlwP jw ky
vI drbwr iv`c hu`kw pIx l`g igAw Aqy ies nUM rokx vwlw koeI nhIN sI[
lokW iv`c Awm khwvq pRclq ho geI , nwnUM m`l dIvwn dIvwnI kihr dI[

swihb isMG nwdwn g`l nw TihrdI [ qwkq pUrI qrHW h`Q iv`c krn leI
ies ny mhwrwjy dy jrnYL bsMq rwey nUM rwjw swihb isMG dy rokx dy bwvjUd
igRPqwr kr ky kYd kr ilAw[ Pyr 1789 iv`c mrhitAW nUM bulw ky pitAwly
qy hmlw krn leI pRyr ilAw[ swry rwj iv`c rwm rOlw ipAw hoieAw sI jd
Acwnk ies dI mOq ho geI (1792)[ ies dI QW qy iblkul ieho ijhw hI
SRwrqI qy DoKybwz smwxy dw mIr ielwhI bKS vzIr bx igAw pr is`KW
ny CyqI hI aus nUM mhwrwjy dy swhmxy drbwr iv`c hI kql kr id`qw[ ie`k
pwsy qW irAwsq dy srdwr bwZI ho rhy sn dUjy pwsy dyS iv`c kwL pY igAw[
Amr isMG dIAW iqMn rwxIAW sn[ swihb kOr gwgyvwl dy cODrI id`qw m`l dI lVkI rwj kOr dy pytoN
pYdw hoeI sI[ swihb isMG ies qoN do swl Cotw sI[
153

ienHW dI puqRI cMd kOr hI ipCoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pu`qr KVk isMG nwl ivAwhI geI Aqy nO
inhwl isMG dI mW bxI[
154

123

ie`QoN dy nvwb Syr KW ny mwqw suMdRI dI syvkw nUM ieslwm nw kbUl krn krky
ijauNdI nUM qIr mwr mwr mrvwieAw sI[ swihb isMG Syr KW dy poqRy Aqwaulw
qoN aus lVkI dI rwK mMgdw sI qW jo aus dw pUrn is`K rIqI Anuswr sMskwr
kIqw jw sky[ Aqwaulw mMnx leI iqAwr nhIN sI[ mhwrwjy pitAwly dI
nvwb mlyrkotly nwl dosqI sI ies leI nvwb ny pitAwly nUM dKl dyx
dI bynqI kIqI[ bIbI swihb kOr qurq mlyr kotly phuMcI[ bIbI dIAW
AsQIAW dy id`qIAW geIAW Aqy lVweI dw Krcw mlyrkotly vloN bwbw bydI
nUM duAw ky ivdw kr id`qw igAw[
1795 iv`c nwnw rwE mrhty ny kYQl Piqh kr ilAw Aqy Qwnysr dy
rwjw lwl isMG qoN kwPI swry pYsy dI mMg kr id`qI jo auh dyx leI iqAwr
nhIN sI[ aus ny pitAwly qoN shwieqw mMgI[ mhwrwjw swihb isMG, j`sw isMG
klsIAW Aqy srdwr joD isMG pYsw dy ky JgVw inbyVnw cwhuMdy sn pr bIbI
ies nwl sihmq nhIN sI[ aus ny ienHW srdwrW nUM frpok ikhw Aqy mrdwvyN
kpVy pw h`Q qlvwr PV mrhty dI 3000 POj dw twkrw krn leI 2000
POj lY ky phuMc geI[ ipMf mrdwn pury kol lVweI hoeI[ swP ids irhw sI
ik is`KW dy pYr nhIN l`g skxgy Aqy auh burI qrHW nukswn krvw ky hwr
124

jwxgy[ bIbI swihb kOr ny qlvwr lihrweI Aqy A`gy ho ky bolI, gurU

rwjw swihb isMG bIbI jI nwl nwrwz hoey ik aus ny ies nUM Awp svwrI leI

goibMd isMG dy sUrimau ip`T idKwauxI is`K dw kMm nhIN[ gurU nUM lwj nw

ikauN vriqAw[

lvwieE [ jy ie`k`lI BYx nUM C`f ky n`sy qW Srm nwl c`pxI c n`k fbo ky
mr jwxw Gr nw phuMcxw[ rwxI swihb kOr dy ies BwSn nUM pRoPYsr mohx
isMG jI dI kivqw dy k`uJ bMd ies qrHW ibAwn krdy hn:-

iesy swl hrduAwr dy sMinAwsIAW ny sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI bIV mIhW
grup qoN Koh leI[ mIhW gr`up gurU hrgoibMd jI vyly qoN ie`Qy pRcwr krdw
Aw irhw sI[ ie`k KuAwjw ArjnI nW dw muslmwn gurU hrgoibMd dw is`K

q`k isMGW nUM inGrdw auh isdkI rwxI,

bixAw sI ijs ny Awpxw nW sMqoK dws r`iKAw sI[ sMqoK dws dw pu`qr mIhW

au @ ~ qrI hwQI au ~ pro N ijau N phwVo N pwxI]

hr swl hrduAwr jw ky ipqw dI Xwd iv`c dIvwn lvwieAw krdw sI[ ies

auh b`ukI SIhxI vWgrW DuUh qyZ AlwxI,

swl ihMdU sMinAwsIAW ny aus dy bMidAW koloN bIV Koh ky swV id`qI[ bIbI

qusIN isMG gurU dsmyS dy nW ig`l gvwxI]

swihb kOr sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI ieh byhurmqI shwr nw skI[ auh ie`k

qusIN bwz aufwrU gzb dy auh icVIAW FwxI,

dm POj lY ky hrduAwr phuMc geI[ lVweI hoeI ijs iv`c 400 sMinAwsI

qusIN ie`k ie`k BwrU l`KW qy ku`J ZYrq KwxI]

mwry gey Aqy bwkI dy muAwPI mMg ky C`uty [

qusIN r`j r`j pIqw sohixEN pMjwb dw pwxI,

A`j AMtw rwE mrhty qoN nw kMf lvwxI]
qusIN Awey bcwauNdy vIrno l`K BYx bgwnI ,
A`j k`ilAW C`f ky BYx nUM nw lIk lvwxI]

155

id`lI nUM Piqh krky jwrj tOoms ny 1797 iv`c pMjwb nUM Piqh krn dw
iv`cwr bxwieAw ijs iv`c v`fI rukwvt SkqISwlI irAwsq pitAwlw hI
sI [ 156 ie`k hoCw ijhw bhwnw l`B ky tOms ny jINd nUM jw Gyrw pwieAw[ ies
vyly DwVvI Swh zmwn vI p`Cm v`loN pMjwb iv`c vV cu`kw sI Aqy pitAwly

id`qI swihb kOr ny muV h`lwSyrI, A`Dw mwr iSkwr nUM ikauN FwvoN FyrI]

v`l nUM vDdw Aw irhw sI[ is`K hux bhuq ksUqy Ps gey sn[ rwjw swihb

jy pwxI pIvoN Gu`t vI r`q pIvoN myrI, jy SSqr lwhoN ipMifEN lwhoN pq myrI]

isMG frU Aqy is`Drw sI Aqy slwh dy irhw sI ik AMgRyz nwl m`Qw lwaux dI

auh nwl QkyvyN tut ky hoey ny FyrI, au~T clo aunHW qy tutIey cVH vWg hnyHrI]

QW aus dI eIn mMn leI jwvy[ AxKI bIbI Blw ieh ikvyN mMn skdI sI[ aus

auh nINd ivguqy sohixEN hux kro nw dyrI, muV muV h`Q nhIN AwvxI ieh

ny mukwblw krn dw mn bxw ilAw pRMqU Gwtw ieh sI ik ie`k qW tOms dI POj

rwq hnHyrI]

bhuqI sI dUsry aus pws dUrmwr qopW sn jo pitAwly dI POj pws nhIN sn[

bIbI swihb kOr dI vMgwr sux ky ie`k ie`k isMG l`KW qy BwrU ho igAw
Aqy mrh`ty bhuq swrw lVweI dw smwn Aqyy 50 GoVy C`f ky au~T n`Ty[ ies
lVweI iv`c mrhitAW dw kihMdw khwauNdw bhwdr jrnYL rxjIq rwE
bIbI nwl lVdw hoieAw mwirAw igAw (ies lVweI qoN pihlW rxjIq rwE
ny 12 lVweIAW ij`qIAW sn)[
1796 iv`c nwhx dI irAwsq iv`c bZwvq ho geI Aqy auQoN dy rwjy ny
bIbI pwsoN shwieqw mMgI[ bIbI qurMq auQy pu`jI Aqyy bZwvq sr kr id`qI[
DMnvwd vjoN nwhx dy rwjy ny bIbI nUM ie`k h`QxI Bytw kIqI[ ies h`QxI bwry
125

mukwblw krn leI srdwr vI AMdroN fry hoey sn ikauNik hwr XkInI sI[
pihly hI h`ly iv`c is`K POjW iQVk geIAW Aqy ip`Cy htx l`gIAW[ bIbI ny
ie`k joSIlw BwSn POj nUM id`qw, srdwrW nUM sRI gurU gRMQ swihb A`gy shuAW
cukweIAW Aqy mrdwvW Bys krky ie`k vwr Pyr is`KW nUM rx q`qy iv`c jUJx
leI lYy geI[ ies vwr hr is`K nuMU ksm KuAweI geI sI ik jW qW ij`q
155

ies GtnW bwry hor jwxkwrI leI pVHo hrI rwm gupqw dI pusqk ihstrI AwP dw is`Ks pMnw 265

156

At length having gained a capital and country bordering on the Seik territories, I
wished to put myself in a capacity, when a favourable opportunity should offer, of
attempting the conquest of the Punjab, and aspired to honour the planting of the
British standard on the banks of the Attock.

126

ky muVnw hY jW mYdwn iv`c sIs dy dyxw hY [ ies vwr isMGW ny s`c mu`c hI

iv`c clwxw kr geI[ jwrj tOms bIbI bwry ilKdy hn, A better man than

goirAW dy auh AwhU lwhy ik tOms Awpxw swrw POjI smwn C`f ky B`j igAw

her brother (aus iv`c Awpxy Brw nwloN v`D mrdaUpuxw sI)[

Aqy hWsI jw ky swh ilAw[ bIbI dI ieh dlyrI pMjwb dw ieiqhws bx geI[

jwrj tOms ny is`K znwnIAW dy h`Q vyK ley sn [ aus ny iliKAw hY,
Instances indeed have not infrequently occurred in which they
have actually taken up arms to defend their inhabitants from desultory attacks of the enemy and throughout the contest behaved
themselves with intrepidity of spirit highly praiseworthy.

swihb isMG bydI ny rweykot aupr hmlw krn dI nIq nwl du`GrI ipMf
iv`c iklHw auswrnW AwrMB kr id`qw[ rweykot ies vyly 15 swl dy muMfy rwey
ieilAws dy ADIn sI ijs dI mW ny rwjw swihb isMG pitAwlw nUM mdd leI
bynqI kIqI[

157

Ajy pitAwly vwly soc hI rhy sn ik rwey ieilAws dI

mW ny jwrj tOms nUM bulw ilAw[ bIbI swihb kOr bhuq nwrwz hoeI Aqy bwbw

9.4 mweI Bwgo (Bwg kOr)

swihb isMG bydI nwl iml geI[ ieilAws nUM qurq PV ky kYd kr ilAw

mweI Bwgo Jbwl (AMimRqsr) dy ie`k iF`loN pirvwr iv`c pYdw hoeI[ ies

igAw[ is`K POj dw jwrj tOms nwl twkrw XkInI sI[ tOms ny jgrwEN,

dw pihlw nW Bwg BrI sI[ ieh pirvwr jwgIrdwr AbulKYr dw pirvwr

bVUMdI Aqy T`krvwl qy kbzy kr ley sn qy is`K POjW Gyry iv`c sn[ Acwnk

sI Aqy ies pirvwr dy nOjvwn bwbw lMGwh Aqy pIro Swh gurU Arjn dyv

tOms dy pRis`D jrnYL hOpiknz dy clwxw kr jwx kwrn tOms ku`J TMFw ho

jI dy Ainn SrDwlU sn[ bwbw lMGwh jgIr dy mwlk sn ijs dI Awmdn

igAw[ tOms ny dIvwn audy cMd nUM Byj ky is`KW nwl ilKqI rwzInwmw kr

300,000 swlwnw sI ijs bwry BweI gurdws jI ilKdy hn ptI AMdr cODrI

ilAw Aqy Piqh kIqy ielwky moVny mMn ley[ rwjw swihb isMG ies swrI

iFloN lwlu lMgwh suhMdw(vwr 11.22)[ BweI lMgwh dI gurU jI qy ienHI srDw

Gtxw bwry bIbI nwl nwrwz sI ies leI aus ny rwzInwmw ApRvwx kr id`qw

sI ik jd gurUu jI lwhOr kYd iv`c sn ieh audoN vI srkwrI ^qrw shyV ky

qy dsqKq nw kIqy[ aus ny bIbI nMU igRPqwr kr ilAw Aqy aus dI

gurU jI nUM imlx jWdw irhw[ lMgwh pirvwr dw vI gurU Gr au~qy kwPI dyr

jgIr

zbq kr leI[ tOms ny bIbI nUM C`fx, Aqy 1,35000 rupey qwvwn

qoN byh`d Brosw sI[ gurU hrgoibMd jI dI pu`qRI bIbI vIro dy ivAwh dy mOky

Brn leI swihb isMG nUM ilK ByijAw Aqy pitAwly qy hmly dI DmkI id`qI[

vI BweI lMgwh ny hI gurU jI nUM Jbwl Awky ivAwh krn leI bynqI kIqI

frU rwjw AwKr mMn igAw Aqy bIbI nUM Awzwd kr id`qw igAw[ ies Gtxw

sI Aqy ivAwh dw swrw pRbMD Awp kIqw sI [ ies dy dUsry Brw pIro Swh

dw bIbI qy bhuq burw Asr ipAw, aus dw idl tu`t igAw Aqy auh 1801

dy pu`qr pwlU Swh Aqy mwlU Swh sn[ bIbI Bwg BrI pwlU Swh dI DI sI[

158

ikauNik swrw pirvwr gurU jI dw SrDwlU sI ies leI mu`F qoN hI bIbI Bwg
1323 iv`c ie`k rwjpUq qulsI dws jYslmyr (rwjsQwn) qoN Awky pMjwb iv`c vs igAw[ ies
dy Kwndwn iv`coN rwey kLHw ny luiDAwxw, jgrwEN, qlvMfI, jMifAwlw, b`dovwl, b`sIAW Aqy rweykot
Piqh kr ley[ aupROkq Gtxw vyly ieilAws Cotw hox krky aus dIAW ivDvw mwvW nURrW Aqy l`CmI
hI pRbMD clw rhIAW sn[

BrI nUM is`KI dI is`iKAw imlxI AwrMB ho geI sI[ pusqk Jbwl dw

swihb isMG dI mW Aws kOr Aqy aus dI pqnI rwijMdr kOr hI krqw Drqw bxIAW hoeIAW
sn [ aunHW ny cu`k cukw ky hyT ilKy doS bIbI au~pr mVH id`qy (1) aus ny jINd dy rwjy dI mdd
ikauN kIqI (2) aus ny jwrj tOms nwl rwzI nwmy qy dsqKq ikauN kIqy (3) auh bgYr AwigAw
qoN ByrIAW AwpxI jgIr qy ikauN clI geI sI (4) auh 1797 iv`c rwjkumwr krm isMG dy jnm
idn dI KuSI iv`c ikauN Swml nw hoeI (5) auh bwZI hoxw cwhuMdI sI (6) auh swihb isMG dI
pRvwh nhIN sI krdI (7) auh Awpxy Brw swihb isMG nUM mwr ky g`dI qy kbzw krnw cwhuMdI
sI[ ieh doS muULoN hI Zlq sn[ Asl iv`c rwjw hI nwlwiek sI Aqy im`tI dw mwDo bx ky
mW Aqy pqnI dy hI AwKy lgdw sI[ aus nUM keI vwr byhoSI dy dOry vI pY jWdy sn[

p`tI dy dys rwj bVYc dy pu`qr inDwn isMG nwl hoieAw[

157

158

127

ieiqhws Anuswr auh Awpxy mwqw ipqw nwl gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dy drSnW
nUM vI geI sI [

159

gurU kIAW swKIAW (pMnw 160) Anuswr ies dw ivAwh

bIbI BwgBrI nYiqkqw, SrDw ,hOsly Aqy pivqRqw dw nmUnw sI[ jdoN
aus nUM pqw l`gw ik gurU goibMd isMG jI nUM AwnMd pur C`fxw ipAw hyY Aqy dunI
qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw Anuswr mweI Bwgo gurU goibMd isMG jI dy pu`qr swihbzwdw zorwvr isMG dI nrs
sI[

159

128

cMd vrgy sUrmy keI isMG gurU jI nUM bydwvw dy Awey hn qW aus nUM bhuq du`K

gurU swihb dy AMq q`k mwqw jI gurU jI dy crnW iv`c hI ivrwjdy rhy

hoieAw[ 1705 iv`c aus dy shury dI mOq ho geI[ ies mOky APsos leI Awey

Aqy hr prkwr guris`KW dI syvw iv`c qn mn nwl juty rhy[ gurU jI dy joqI

irSqydwrW qoN aus ny suixAw ik gurU jI ikDry dIny kWgV dy nyVy mwlvy iv`c

joq smwaux aupRMq Awp ibdr cly gey Aqy ie`Qy is`KI dw ^Ub prcwr kIqw[

Awey hoey hn[ ie`Qy hI aus ny isMG ie`k`Ty krky gurU jI dI shwieqw leI jwx

ku`J icr ie`Qy rih ky Awp bwbU rwE Aqy rusqm rwE pws jnvwrw jw brwjy[

dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ aus ny mrdwvyN k`pVy pwey Aqy GoVy au~pr svwr ho ky

auQy hI Awp ie`k idn vwihgurU dy crnW iv`c jw brwjy[ ies mhwn sUurvIr

ipMf ipMf jw ky SrDwvwn guris`K mrd iesqRIAW nUM iek`Tw kIqw[ aus dIAW

isMGxI dI Xwd iv`c nwdyV swihb ivKy gurdvwrw suSoBq hY ij`Qy Awp dy

joSIlIAW qkrIrW ny lokW dy idlW nUM AYsw tuMibAw ik QoVy hI smyN iv`c 300

brCy dw &l Ajy vI sWB ky r`iKAw igAw hY [

SrDwlU jwn qlI qy Dr ky gurU jI leI kurbwn hox vwsqy iqAwr ho gey[

9.5 bIbI Srn kOr 1

mweI Bwgo nUM p`tI dy j`Qy dw j`Qydwr cux ilAw igAw[ ieh j`Qw p`tI qoN cl
ky rwimAwxw ipMf iv`c Acwnk hI gurU jI nUuM jw imilAw ij`Qy jQydwr BweI
mhW isMG vI k`uJ isMGW nwl Aw imly [160 sB ny swihbzwidAW dI ShIdI dw
APsos gurU jI pws prgt kIqw Aqy sIs Byt krn dy vcn id`qy[ gurU jI nUM
ieh ^br iml cu`kI sI ik srihMd qoN ie`k BwrI POj aunHW nUM PVn jw mwrn
leI vwho dwhI Aw rhI hY[ sQwnk is`KW dI slwh nwl gurU jI ny mweI Bwgo dy
j`Qy nUM iKdrwxy dI Fwb phuMc ky pwxI au~pr kbzw krn leI qor id`qw[ gurU
jI Awp kuJ is`KW nwl nyVy hI ie`k it`bI au~pr phuMc gey[ vzIr Kwn dI POj
ny mweI Bwgo dI POj nUM Fwb dy nyVy Aw GyirAw Aqy Gmswn dw Xu`D SurU ho igAw
dohW pwisAW qoN keI XoDy mwry gey pr pwxI dI ik`lq kwrn SwhI POj nUM
Awpxw Gyrw C`f ky ip`Cy muVnw ipAw[ jdoN guruU swihb LVweI aupRMq mOky qy
phuMcy qW pqw lgw ik bIbI dI POj dy 40 isMG ShId ho cu`ky sn [ 161 zKmIAW

1704 iv`c cmkOr swihb ivKy gurU jI dy mu`TI Br 40 isMGW ny

1000,0000 SwhI POj nUM ^Ub cxy cbwey Aqy lVdy hoey ShId ho gey[163
ies jMg iv`coN gurU jI sMq isMG (ku`J ieihwskwr sMgq isMG ilKdy hn) nUM
kmwx sMBwl ky inkl gey sn[ sMq isMG nUM hI gurU goibMd isMG smJ ky
Agly idn SwhI POj vloN jMg ij`qx dIAW ^usIAW mnweIAW, ienwm vMfy
gey, z^mIAW Awidk nUM sWiBAw igAw Aqy SwhI POjIAW dIAW lwSW dw
dwh sskwr kr id`qw igAw[ is`K lwSW nUM sVx glx leI C`f id`qw
igAw qW jo nyV pryhy dy ipMfW dy lokW nUM srkwr ivru`D au~Tx qoN pihlW
socxw pvy[ nyVy dy ipMfW iv`c fwauNfI iptvw id`qI geI ik gurU goibMd isMG
mwirAw igAw hY Aqy ie`k hPqy q`k lVweI dy mYdwn dy nyVy koeI nw jwvy[
ieh munwdI ipMf KruMf iv`c vI suxI geI[

iv`c BweI mhW isMG Aqy bIbI Bwg BrI nzr pey[ mwqw Bwg BrI dI K`bI

Aglw idn vI lMG igAw Aqy isMGW dIAW lwSW sVn lgIAW[ Asmwn

l`q bhuq burI qrHW zKmI ho cu`kI sI[ gurU jI ny qurMq mwqw jI dy ielwj dw

iv`c ielHW qy igrJW gyVy k`Fx l`gIAW[ iesy ipMf ^ruMf dI ie`k idRVH

pRbMD krvwieAw Aqy ShId hoey isMGW dw sskwr krvwieAw[

ivSvwSI bIbI Srn kOr ny Awpxy BrwvW dI Adu`qI kurbwnI nUM SrDWjlI

162

ipRMsIpl siqbIr isMG jI Anuswr BweI mhW isMG BweI mnI isMG dy pu`qr rwey isMG dy byty sn jo 45
isMG nwl lY ky Awey[

160

ipRMsIpl siqbIr isMG jI Anuswr ienHW iv`coN bhuqy isMG ipMf irAwVkI (AMimRqsr) Aqy ipMf n`ky
(izlw lhOr) dy rihx vwly sn jo ik srdwr mhW isMG dy j`Qy nwl Awey sn (dyKo swfw ieiqhws Bwg
1 pMnw 309)
161

kuJ ieiqhwskwr ilKdy hn ik ies jMg iv`c mweI BwgO dy do Brw idlbwg isMG Aqy Bwg isMG vI
ShId hoey[ kuJ hor ieiqhwskwr ieh vI ilKdy hn ik mweI Bwgo dw pqI inDwn isMG Aqy aus dy do
Brw sulqwn isMG Aqy idlbwg isMG vI iesy jMg iv`c ShId hoey sn[ (pVHo pRis`D is`K bIbIAW By
ismrn kOr pMnw 7)

dyx dw PYslw kr ilAW[ rwq pYNdy hI ipMf ^ruMf dI ies Syr b`cI Srn KOr
ny ku`J Brw nwl rlwey Aqy cupky cupky isMG sUrimAW dw sskwr krn dI
skIm bxw leI[ SwhI POjI niSAW iv`c Zrk GUk su`qy pey sn jd bIbI
jI Aqy aus dy vIr isMGW dIAW lwSW ie`k`TIAW kr rhy sn[ kwPI swrI

162

129

ienHW dI igxqI zPrnwmw iv`c 40 d`sI geI hY[ gursnh ich kwry kund ichl (40) ik dh lk
brAwied bro by^br (zPrnwmw)
163

130

lkVI srkwrI loVW leI id`lI jwxI sI ijs nUM bIbI jI Aqy is`KW ny sskwr

cwry pwisEN iGr cu`ky sn Aqy koeI cmqkwr hI aunHW nUM bcw skdw sI[ bIbI

dy kMm leI vrq ilAw[ Ardws krky ijauN hI AMgITy nUM A`g lweI geI

Srn kOr ny XUsPzeI lokW vrgy k`pVy pwey Aqy GoVy cVH ky lukdI iCpdI

SwhI POj dIAW A`KW KulHIAW[ isMGW ny B`jx dI koiSS kIqI pr bIbI jI

srdwr hrI isMG nlUAw nUM jw imlI[ srdwr hrI isMG ny qurq hI POj nUM

pkVy gey[ gu`sy iv`c Awey POjIAW ny suUrvIr bIbI nUM c`uk ky ijauNidAW hI

clx dw hukm dy id`qw Aqy hvw dI rPqwr nwl jmrOd phuMc igAw[ aus

jldy AMgITy iv`c su`t id`qw[ bIbI jI Awpxy isdkI BrwvW nwl hI ShIdI

dy phuMcx dI ^br suxidAW hI sQwnk DwVvI ie`Dr au~Dr iKMf puMf gey

pw gey[ is`K kOm sdw hI ies isdkI bIbI dIAW vwrW gwauNdI rhygI[

Aqy AnykW isMGW dI jwn bc geI[

Srn kOr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy clwxy qoN bwAd q`k izMdw rhI pr

9.6 bIbI Srn kOr 2

bIbI SrnI ipMf mqxIAW dy krm cMd dI ie`kloqI DI sI[ 17 swl dI

fogirAW dy h`QoN is`K rwj dI huMdI brbwdI brdwSq nw kr skI[ ausny

aumr iv`c ies dw ivAwh vIr Bwn dy ie`klOqy puqr vIh swl dy BIm sYn

nOkrI C`f id`qI Aqy CyqI hI bwAd sMswr qoN kUc kr geI[

nwl hoieAw[ ivAwh qoN bwAd brwq lwVy dy ipMf nUM prq rhI sI ik gVHI

9.7 bIbI dIp kOr

hbIbulw dy A`lw id`qw ivAkqI ny brwq dI byiezqI kIqI Aqy ivAwhuqw

lVkI Aqy aus dy nwl AweI dwsI nUM zbrdsqI Koh ky gVHI hbIbulw lY
igAw[ A`Lw id`qw ny hukm id`qw ik hr brwqI AwpxIAW bodIAW PV ky Aqy
mUMh iv`c GwA pw ky jwn dI BIK mMgy[ CyqI hI ieh ^br srdwr hrI isMG
nlUAw q`k phuMc geI[ hrI isMG ny qurq hI srdwr phwVw isMG nUM ds isMGW
dw j`Qw doSIAW nUM PVx Aqy kuVIAW nUM vwps ilAwaux leI Byj id`qw[ A`lw
id`qw PV ilAw igAw Aqy jwn dI muAwPI mMgx lgw[ pr isMGW ny aus dI
muAwPI pRvwx nw kIqI[

AMimRqDwrI isMGW dy j`Qy Aksr Awpxy pirvwrW nwl gurU goibMd isMG
jI dy drSnW nUM jwieAw krdy sn[ mwJy dIAW AOrqW Aqy mrdW dw ie`k j`Qw
AwnMdpur nUM jw irhw sI ijs iv`c 16 swlW dI ie`k AMimRqDwrI bIbI vI sI[
j`Qw qlvn nW dy ipMf kol rwq k`tx leI ruikAw Aqy ieh bIbI jMgl pwxI
leI jMgl iv`c clI geI[ bdiksmqI nwl j`Qy aupr jwsUsW dI nzr sI
Aqy ieh bIbI iqMn jwsUsW dy cuMgl iv`c Ps geI[ bIbI nUM aunHW dI bdnIAq
smJx iv`c dyrI nw l`gI[ aus ny A`K dy Por iv`c qlvwr k`FI Aqy do jwsUsW
nUM pwr bulwieAw Aqy qIjy nUM zKmI kr id`qw[ rOlw sux ky j`Qw vI swvDwn

dohW BIm sYn Aqy bIbI SrnI ny Gr jwxw munwsb nw smiJAw Aqy

ho igAw[ bIbI dy keI zKm Awey sn ijnHW qy p`tI bMnH ky j`Qw Agy nUM cwly

AMimRq Ck ky isMG s`j gey[ BIm sYn dw nW BIm isMG ho igAw Aqy SrnI

pw igAw[ gurU jI ny jd bIbI dIp kOr dI bhwdrI dI g`l suxI qW auh byh`d

Srn kOr bx geI[ ieh auh smW sI jd srdwr hrI isMG nUM pSwvr dw

pRsMn hoey[ aunHW ny bIbI nUM AsIs id`qI Aqy sMgq nUM pRyrnw kIqI ik hr lVkI

gvrnr QwipAw igAw sI Aqy auh jmrOd dw ikLHw auswr rhy sn[ dohW nUM

AMimRqDwrI bx jwvy[ mOky qy hI keI lVkIAW ny AMimRq pwx kr ilAw[

pSqo BwSw cMgI qrHW AwauNdI sI Aqy aunHW dw rihx sihx ilbws Awidk

9.8 bIbI Drm kOr

pTwxI sn[ ies leI srdwr mhW isMG dI isPwrS qy hrI isMG ny joVI
nUM jwsUsI dw kMm sOp id`qw[ auh dovy CyqI hI ielwky dy pTwxW iv`c Gul iml
gey qy hrI isMG nlUAw dI POj leI sUhIey dw kMm krn l`g pey[

iksy nw iksy bhwny lwhOr dy muZl SwSk is`KW qy hmly krdy hI rihMdy
sn[ aunHW dy JolI cu`k aunHW dI mdd krdy sn Aqy is`KW dIAW gqIivDIAW
bwry hr sUcnw SwSkW q`k phuMcwauNdy rihMdy sn[ keI vwrI ieh jwsUs

jdoN jmrOd dy iklHy nUM Gyrw pw ky muslmwn mulKeIAw ny iklHy nUM pwV

Awpxw au~lU is`Dw krn leI JUTIAW ^brW vI Byjdy rihMdy sn[ nOSihrw

lw ilAw qW iklHy AMdrly is`KW dw ijauNdw bcxw bhuq muSikl ho igAw[ is`K

(lwhOr) dy swihb rwey dy GoVy guAwc gey Aqy aus ny is`KW nwl ikV k`Fx

131

132

leI corI dw ielzwm ipMf iF`lvW dy qwrw isMG au~pr lw id`qw[ srkwr

ilAw igAw Aqy pu`C ig`C kIqI geI pr bwAd iv`c C`f id`qw igAw[ izlw

drbwr aus dI pu`C prqIq sI ies leI auh puls lY AwieAw Aqy qwrw

luiDAwxw iv`c bIV mwn kOr aus bIbI dI Xwd qwzw krwauNdI hY[

isMG Aqy auys dy dosqW au~pr hmlw krvw id`qw[ qwrw isMG Aqy hor is`KW

9.10 mwqw ikSn kOr

nUM ies dI iBxk lg geI sI Aqy auh vI iqAwr sn[ ie`k CotI ijhI JV`p
hoeI ijs iv`c ie`k spwhI mwirAw igAw Aqy swihb rwey z^mI ho igAw[

mwqw ikSn kOr dyS Bgq bIbIAW dI byimswl audwhrx hY[ ausdw
jnm 1870 eI: nUM izlw PIrozpur dy ipMf dODr iv`c hoieAw Aqy auh ipMf

ikhw jWdw hY ik z^mI Syr hor vI izAwdw ^qrnwk ho jwdw hY[ swihb

kwauNky klW iv`c ivAwhI geI[ isMG sBw lihr ij`Qy vI kwrvweI krdI

rwey nUM hwr cuBdI rhI Aqy auh mOkw qwV irhw sI ik ies dw bdlw ikvyN

mwqw ikSn kOr qurq au`Qy phMuc jWdI sI[ aus ny gurdvwrw byr swihb

ilAw jwvy[ 1725 eI: dIAW grmIAW iv`c aus nUM A^Ir bhwnw iml hI igAw[

isAwlkot, qrnqwrn, nnkwxw swihb Aqy gurU kw bwg moricAW iv`c

ipMf civMfw (AMimRqsr) dw srdwr bhwdr isMG Awpxy pu`qr dy ivAwh iv`c

AkwlIAW dI ft ky mdd kIqI[ jdoN ku`J swDUAW ny Akwl q^q qy kbzw

ru`Jw hoieAw sI[ swihb rwey nUM pqw sI ik qwrw isMG Aqy aus dy sihXogI

krn dw Xqn kIqw qW mwqw ikSn kOr, mwqw bsMq kOr Aqy mwqw tihl kOr

ies ivAwh iv`c zrUr Swml hoxgy[ aus ny p`tI dy jwPr byg nwl iml ky

ctwn vWg aunHW dy rwh iv`c AV KloeIAW Aqy aunHW nUM Akwl qKq dy AMdr

Acwnk aunHW au~pr hmlw krvw id`qw[ isMGW ny qurq Awpxy Awp nUM sMBwilAw

dwKl nw hox id`qw[ bwAd iv`c aus ny mukqsr dy morcy iv`c ih`sw ilAw[

Aqy lVweI SUrU ho geI[ isMGW ny bIbIAW nUM ikhw ik auh vhutI nUM lY ky in`kl

ieh mwqw ikSn kOr hI sI ijs ny pMj hor bIbIAW nUM nwl lY ky mukqsr

jwx Aqy iksy suriKAq QW phuMc jwx[ pr vhutI ny AwpxI jwn bcw ky

dy pujwrIAW nUM gurdvwry iv`coN DuUh ky bwhr k`F mwirAw sI Aqy gurdvwry

in`kl jwx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw[ AOrqW ny vI jo hiQAwr h`Q AwieAw c`uk

au~pr kbzw kr ilAw sI[

ilAw[ ^Ub lVweI hoeI[ AMq hmlwAwvr B`j in`kly[ bIbI Drm kOr qy aus
dIAW swQxW ny kwPI dUr q`k duSmx dw ip`Cw kIqw[ ies lVweI iv`c k`uJ
isMG vI ShId hoey Aqy jwPr byg dy keI ispwhI vI mwry gey pr auh jwn
bcw ky dOV igAw[ cwr bIbIAW vI gMBIr rUp iv`c z^mI ho geIAW pr ienHW
dI bhwdrI dw crcw swlW q`k ies ielwky iv`c huMdw irhw[
9.9 bIbI mwn kOr

AkwlI moricAW iv`c aus dI mu`K izMmyvwrI lMgr iqAwr krvw ky

AkwlIAW q`k phuMcwx dI huMdI sI ijs nUM auh bVI qnidhI nwl inBwauNdI
sI[ dUsrw kMm jo aus ny Awp sWiBAW hoieAw sI auh sI Bwrq dI AwzwdI
leI jUJ rhy is`K z^mIAW dI dyK Bwl krnw[ auh AkwlIAW dI gupqcr
vI sI[ keI vwr auh pkVI geI qy kYd vI hoeI pr aus dI syvw Bwvnw iv`c
koeI Prk nw AwieAw[

is`K m`udkI Aqy PIroz Swh dIAW lVweIAW AMgRyzW qoN hwr cu`ky sn Aqy

mwqw ikSn kOr nUM gMgsr jYqo dy morcy dI nwie`kw ikhw jwx l`gw[ ieh

aunHW nUM kwPI nukswn auTwauxw ipAw sI[ ies hwr dI ksk hr is`K dy ihrdy

morcw is`KW leI AxK dw svwl bx igAw sI[ 28 swl dy nOjvwn mhwrwjw

iv`c sI[ is`KW dIAW bcIAW KucIAW POjW BUMdVI sn ik AMgRyzW vloN ie`k hor

irpdumx isMG ny 24 jnvrI 1912 nUM nwBy dI rwjg`dI dw vwrs bxnw sI

hmly nwl aunHW nUM Pyr KdyV id`qw igAw[ lwrf lwrYNs, ijs nUM tuMfI lwt kihMdy

ik aus nUM dyS BgqW dI mdd krn dw doS lw ky AMgRyzW ny PV ky dyS bdr

sn, AMgRyz POjIAW nUM vDweI dyx AwieAw[ auh Ajy bolx hI l`gw sI ik ie`k

kr idqw[ ies dI QW ivlIAm jOnsn nUM pRbMDk lw ky Byj id`qw[ is`KW ny

Dmwkw hvw iv`c gUMijAw Aqy lwrMs lhU luhwx hoieAw if`g ipAw[ ies dI

ies dy iKlwP Awvwz auTweI Aqy jYqo ipMf iv`c AKMf pwTW dI lVI cwlU

CwqI iv`c golI l`gI sI ijs kwrn auh mOky qy hI dm qoV igAw[ ieh golI

kr id`qI[ AKMf pwTW dI ieh lVI audoN q`k clxI sI jdoN qk ik mhwrwjy

bIbI mwn kOr ny clweI sI jo JwVIAW iv`c luk ky bYTI sI[ aus nUM kYd kr

nUM muV g`dI qy nw ibTw id`qw jWdw[ AMgRyz srkwr ny AKMf pwT bMd krvw

133

134

id`qy Aqy jYqo jwx vwly isMGW nUM igRPqwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ swry pMjwb

sI Aqy is`KW nUM kurbwnI leI pRyrdI sI [

iv`coN (keI j`Qy bwhrly dySW qoN Awey) j`Qy ivroDqw krn leI jwx l`g pey[
ies morcy iv`c pMfq nYhrU (jo ip`CoN pRDwn mMqrI bxy), imstr pnIkwr,
fwktr ikclU Aqy dIvwn cmn lwl vrgy lIfr vI igRPqwr hox leI gey
Aqy do swl leI jylH Byjy gey[ ies morcy iv`c 40,000 is`K jylHIN gey qy 500
isMGW ny jwnW gvweIAW[ 700 is`K nOkrIEN k`Fy gey Aqy AMgRyz srkwr ny
16000 l`K rupey jurmwnw lwieAw[ srkwr j`iQAW nUM PVdI rhI qy kYd
krdI rhI[ 21 jnvrI 1921 qoN 27 ApRYl 1925 q`k inrMqr pMjwh-pMjwh
isMGW dy j`Qy hr mhIny jWdy rhy qy igRPqwr huMdy rhy[ 27 ApRYl nUM srkwr
ny hwr mMn leI Aqy isMGW ny ies ij`q dI KuSI mnwaux leI jYqo iv`c 101

164

mwqw ikSn kOr jI nwBw jylH iv`c cwr swl rhy[ irhweI aupRMq SRomxI
kmytI Aqy hzwrW is`KW ny aunHW dw AMiMmRqsr suAwgq kIqw[ vDweIAW dyx
vwilAW iv`c igAwnI Syr isMG, bwbw KVk isMG, mwstr qwrw isMG, gopwl
isMG kOmI Aqy fwktr ikclU vrgy lIfr Swml hoey Aqy sB ny mwqw jI
dIAW dyS Aqy kOm leI kIqIAW kurbwnIAW dI BrpUr SlwGw kIqI Aqy
mwqw jI nUM isropy id`qy gey[ jd mwqw jI Awpxy ipMf (kwauNky klW) nUM Awey
qW ienHW nUM jgrwEN Sihr qoN jlUs dI Skl iv`c ipMf q`k ilAWdw igAw[
SRomxI kmytI ny mwqw jI dI jIvn Br leI 10 rupey mhInw pYnSn lw id`qI[

AKMf pwT r`K id`qy[

sRomxI kmytI v`loN jwx vwly j`iQAW nUM hukm huMdw sI ik auh SWq rihx
Aqy h`Q nw cu`kx[ mwqw ikSn kOr ny BweI PyrU gurdvwry Ardws kIqI Aqy
zIry jw ky SRomxI kmytI dy ie`k j`Qy iv`c Swml ho geI[ smwlsr jw ky aus
ny Awpxy nwl bIbI qyj kOr nUM rlwieAw Aqy j`Qy qoN v`K ho ky jwsUsI krn
leI jYqoN iv`c jw dw^l hoeI[ aunHW nUM igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw pr CyqI hI
C`f id`qw igAw[ AMgRyz srkwr dI hr gqIivDI Aqy kmzorI dw pqw ieh
bIbIAW j`Qydwr nUM phuMcwauNdIAW rhIAW[ mweI ikSn kOr ie`k j`Qy dy A`gy
sI jd imstr ivlsn ny golI clwaux dw hukm dy id`qw[ iksy ny mwqw jI
nUM D`k ky pry kr id`qw ijs kwrn mwqw jI qW bc gey pr inSwn swihb
cu`kx vwlw srdwr ieMdr isMG golI dw inSwnw bx igAw[ Pyr ieh zKmIAW
dI sMBwl krn iv`c lg geI[ guridAwl isMG nW dw ie`k dyS DRohI (Traitor)
ies nUM qwV igAw Aqy aus ny mwqw jI nUM igRPqwr krvw id`qw[ mwqw jI Aqy
bIbI qyj kOr nUM BVkwaU BwSn dyx dy doS iv`c iqMn iqMn mhIny dI szw
suxweI geI[ ienHW nUM pihlW jYqo dy iklHy iv`c riKAw igAw pr bwAd iv`c
nwBw jylH Byj id`qw igAw[
Bwrq dy pihly pRDwn mMqrI SRI nihrU vI ies jylH iv`c Awey sn[ auh

SromxI kmytI vloN mwqw jI dI pYnSn sbMDI iliKAw igAw p`qr

AwpxI fwierI iv`c ilKdy hn ik auh mwqw ikSn kOr dI dlyrI Aqy dyS
BgqI qoN bhuq pRBwvq hoey[ auh hmySw infr ho ky j`iQAW dy A`gy ho qurdI
135

164

vDyry jwxkwrI leI pVHo sMKyp ieiqhws is`DU vMS lyKk igAwnI hrI iMsMG pMnw 107

136

ieh ds rupey aus vyly dy ihswb nwl A`j dy 10,000 rupey smJy jw skdy

kMf au~pr golI nw KwxI[

hn [

9.12 sdw kOr (1762-1823)

165

mwqw jI dy koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[ Awp 1955 iv`c 85 swl dI aumr

Bog ky clwxw kr gey[

9.11 bIbI mwn kOr (rwmyAwxw) Aqy bIbI blbIr kOr
bIbI mwn kOr PrIdkot izlHy dy ipMf rwmyAwxw vwsI srdwr virAwm

muZl rwj dy KyrUM KyrUM ho jwx bwAd pUry Bwrq iv`c h&Vw d&VI PYl
geI sI[ ies h&Vw d&VI iv`c is`KW ny 12 imslW kwiem kr leIAW[
Su`krckIAw imsl dw jQydwr mhW isMG gujrwq qy rwj krn l`gw Aqy kwnHw

isMG Aqy mwqw hukm kOr dI DI sI[ bIbI jI mu`F qoN hI Dwrimk iKAwlW

ipMf dw srdwr jY isMG btwly

dy sn[ jYqo iv`c is`KW dy ShId hox dIAW KbrW ny aunHW dI Awqmw nUM burI

puqr gurbKS isMG dsONDw isMG dI puqrI bIbI sdw kOr nwl ivAwihAw

qrHW JMjoV id`qw[ auh jYqo jw rhy ie`k j`Qy iv`c jw Swml hoeI Aqy mwqw

hoieAw sI[ jY isMG dy mhW isMG nwl quAlk cMgy sn pr CyqI hI iksy kwrn

ikSn kOr nUM jw imlI[ jYqo dy ielwky dI cMgI vwikP sI ies leI j`iQAW

ieh quAlkwq ivgV gey[ mhW isMG ny Acl btwly jY isMG nUM hwr id`qI

nUM rwh dsdI Aqy it`bI swihb gurdvwry iv`c lMgr Aqy zKmI isMGW dI syvw

Aqy aus dy pu`qr gurbKS isMG nUM lVweI iv`c mwr id`qw[ Awpxy pqI dI

krdI[ bwAd iv`c sMq suMdr isMG jI v`loN auswry gurdvwrw fylw swihb clI

mOq dI ^br suxidAW hI sdw kOr ny koeI roxw Doxw nw kIqw[ aus ny Awpxy

geI qy syvw iv`c lgI rhI[ ies QW gurU goibMd isMG jI ny crn pwey sn[

surgvwsI pqI dy hiQAwr sjw ley Aqy qlvwr cu`k leI[ ipCoN dy hwlwq

ie`k hor bIbI blbIr kOr vI SRomxI kmytI dy j`Qy iv`c 21 PrvrI

166

dw swSk bx igAw[ srdwr jY isMG dw

d`sdy hn ik auh ie`k bhuq bhwdr jrnYl swbq hoeI[

1924 nUM brgwVI ipMf iv`c jw ky imlI[ ieh j`Qy dIAW AglIAW sPW iv`c

s`qw sMBwlidAW hI sdw kOr ny pujwvw dy sQwn qy ie`k iklHw iqAwr

sI jd Acwnk ies dy ku`CV cuky b`cy nUM golI Aw lgI[ isdkI bIbI ny dm

krvwieAw ijs qoN pqw cldw hY ik ausnUM Xu`D nIqI dw ikMnw igAwn sI[

qoVdy b`cy nUM sVk dy ie`k pwsy iltw id`qw Aqy B`j ky Pyr j`Qy nwl jw rlI[

ie`k vwr aus ny mhwn XoDy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIey nUM ipMf imAwxI iv`c Gyr

ies dw joS J`ilAW nhIN sI jWdw jYkwry qy jYkwrw C`f rhI sI[ Ajy QoVI

ilAw Aqy do mhIny vIh idn aus nUM qkVI t`kr id`qI[ Acwnk Awey hVHW

hI dUr geI sI ik Acwnk aus nUM vI golI Awx lgI Aqy ieh bIbI Awpxy

kwrn hI rwmgVHIAw srdwr brbwdI qoN bc sikAw[ ikhw jWdw hY ik Ac`l

swQIAW nUM Piqh bulw geI[ APsos hY ik ies isdkI bIbI dy QW itkwxy

dI lVweI iv`c aus ny j`sw isMG rwmgVHIey dy pu`qr joD isMG nUM vI mwr

bwry ikDroN pqw nhIN c`l sikAw[

igrwieAw sI[ gujrwq dI lVweI iv`c sdw kOr ny Swh zmwn dy mShUr

ies vyly is`K bIbIAW iv`c ienW zzbw sI ik auh Awp Awpxy pqIAW
nUM gl iv`c hwr pwky ShId hox leI j`iQAW iv`c ByjdIAW sn[ 28 PrvrI

jrnYL Aihmd KW SrwcI nUM ic`q kr id`qw sI Aqy aus dw isr AwpxI
qlvwr au~pr tMg ky lY geI sI[

1925 nUM qurn vwly ie`k j`Qy iv`c ie`k bIbI ny Ardws krky Awpxy pqI

sdw kOr bVI qyz b`uDI vwlI, inpuMn Aqy cVHdI klw vwlI AOrq sI[ auh

dy gl iv`c Pu`lW dw hwr pwieAw Aqy ikhw, pMQ leI ShId ho jwxw pr

bhwdr, sUJvwn, au~c-AiBlwSI Aqy AswDwrx rUp iv`c au~dmI sI[ aus

mYNnUM ieh mwx pRwpq hY ik mYN ipMf kwauNky klW dw hI rihx vwlw hW Aqy mYnMU mwqw jI dy drSnW dw
suBwg vI pRwpq hoieAw[ auh icty kpVy pihndy sn Aqy ie`k dyvI hI lgdy sn[ Aqy aunHW nUM dyKidAW
hI ihrdy iv`c is`KI dg auTdI sI[ glIAW iv`cIN lMGdI sI qW mrd AOrq sB aus dy crnW qy FY pYNdy
sn[ b`icAW nUM bhuq ipAwr krdy sn[ swfy isr au~pr h`Q r`K ky QoVw plos ky kihMdy huMdy hn iFMmk
iFMmk FIrIAW[ audoN swnUM ieh kdy smJ nhI sI AweI ik swry lok mwqw jI dw ienW siqkwr ikauN
krdy sn[
165

137

ny AwpxI DI mihqwb kOr dw irSqw mhW isMG dy 5 swlw pu`qr rxjIq isMG
B`tI rwjpUq nwm dyv jd ie`k ipMf vswaux l`gw qW iksy ny ikhw ik ieh jgw TIk nhIN[ ie`Qy pRyqW
dw vwsw hY [ aus ny auh jgw C`f id`qI Aqy btwly vwlI jgw v`ty iv`c lY ky ipMf Aw vswieAw [ ies
kwrn ies dw nW vtw ilAw pY igAw jo bwAd iv`c ivgV ky btwlw bx igAw [ gurU nwnk swihb
ie`Qy hI ivAwhy gey sn[ guruU hrgoibMd jI dy pu`qr bwbw gurid`qw dy shury vI ie`Qy hI sn[
166

138

nwl p`kw kr ky Su`krckIAW nwl smJOqw kr ilAw[ 1792 eI: iv`c mhW

1739) 22 swl dI CotI aumr iv`c ivDvw ho geI[ aus dy A`T swl dy pu`qr

isMG clwxw kr igAw Aqy 12 swl dy rxjIq isMG nUM sdw kOr ny Awpxy pu`qr

mhwrwjw dlIp isMG (jo AwKrI is`K bwdSwh sI) nUM AMgRyzW ny dyS-inkwlw

vWg pwilAw[ 1796 eI: iv`c rxjIq isMG dw ivAwh ho igAw ijs nwl aus

dy idqw[ 8 mwrc 1853 nUM aus nUM eIsweI bxw ky 19 ApRYL 1854 nUM ieMglYNf

smyN dy do mhwn rwj Aqy do mhwn nIqIvwn ie`k`Ty ho gey[ sdw kOr dI dUr

Byj id`qw igAw[

idRStI Aqy suXog XojnwbMdI ny dohW SwSkW nUM mzbUq kIqw Aqy ^wlsw rwj
sQwpn hox dIAW nIhW r`KIAW geIAW[ sdw kOr dI isAwxp, rwjsI sUJ
bUJ Aqy aUrjw ny rxjIq isMG nUM mu`FlIAW m`lW mwrn iv`c mdd kIqI[ iksy
ny TIk hI ikhw hY ik sdw kOr auh pOVI sI ijs rwhIN rxjIq isMG s`qw

dI cotI qy phuMc igAw[

jdoN auh Ajy lwhOr iv`c hI sI qW AMgRyzW dI Srwrq nwl ijMd kOr nUM
zihr dyx dI koiSS kIqI geI jo sPl nw hoeI[

168

krnl ku`k Anuswr

mhwrwxI nUM ies swizS dw pqw l`g igAw sI[ AsPl hox aupRMq aus au~pr
doS l`gx l`gy ik aus ny dUjI is`K lVweI iv`c bMgwlI POj dy spwhIAW nUM
bZwvq leI aukswieAw[ ieh mhwrwxI dI hI Xojnw sI ijs ADIn

rxjIq isMG dI pRis`DI, nyknwmI Aqy Suhrq sdw kOr dI Xojnw-bMdI,

mulqwn iv`c mUlrwj, isMD pwr ielwikAW iv`c cqr isMG, lwhOr iv`c Syr

kUt nIqI Aqy POjI qjrby kwrn idno idn vDx l`gI [ jdoN Swh zmwn ny

isMG Aqy mIAW rwm isMG Awidk ny nUr pur iv`c bZwvq dw JMfw cu`ikAw[

lhOr qy kbzw kr ilAw qW bhuq swry is`K srdwr aus dw swhmxw krn

aus ny hI BweI mhwrwj isMG Aqy bwbw ib`kr isMG bydI nUM AMgRyzW dw ivroD

qoN iJjkdy sn[ sdw kOr ny ikhw ik jy auh ivdySI DwVvI dw mukwblw nhIN

krn leI mnwieAw[

krngy qw auh iek`lI hI aus dy dMd K`ty krygI[ aus ny rxjIq isMG dI
AgvweI kIqI Aqy Swh zmwn au~pr hmlw kr id`qw[ Swh zmwn bgYr
lVweI krn qoN hI frdw mwrw B`j igAw[

167

bwAd iv`c (7 julweI 1799)

sdw kOr dI slwh nwl rxjIq isMG ny BMgIAW nUM lwhOr dI g`dI qoN lwh id`qw
Aqy hzwrw, kSmIr, Aqy kWgVy dy iklHy Piqh kr ley[ 36 swl sdw kOr
ny swry pMjwb iv`c keI Xu`D lVy Aqy AwpxI bhwdrI Aqy audwrqw dI DWk
ibTw id`qI[

1846 eI: iv`c bRqwnvI srkwr ny mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM lwhOr iv`coN dys
inkwlw dy id`qw[ lwrf flhOzI

169

ilKdw hY ik ijMdW smkwlI ieiqhws

bwry bhuq fUMGI cyqnw rKdI sI ies leI aus nUM muV pMjwb dw^l hox dyxw

^qry qoN KwlI nhIN [ 18 Agsq 1847 nUM mhwrwxI nUM SyKUpurw ivKy kYd kr
id`qw igAw Aqy ie`QoN hI 14 meI 1848 nUM bnwrs Byj idqw igAw [

170

imstr jI fblXU POrYst Anuswr ieh QW hor vI ^qrnwk sI ikauNik

ieh Sihr ihMdUAW dw gVH sI[ rwxI ny mrwTw bRwhmxW nwl g`lbwq SUrU

jIvn dy AwKrI virHAW iv`c rxjIq isMG nwl aus dy sbMD ivgV gey[

kIqI Aqy aunHW rwhIN pySvw nwl rwbqw kwiem kr ilAw jo dyS inkwly qoN

rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM lhOr dy iklHy iv`c kYd kr id`qw[ 1832 iv`c auh 70

bwAd Awpxy Amly PYly nwl kwnHpur rih irhw sI[ swizS dw kyNdr pMjwb

swl dI aumr iv`c AMimRqsr Aw ky surgvws ho geI[

168

9.13 mhwrwxI ijMd kOr

ijMd kOr isAwlkot izlHy dy ipMf cwhV dy srdwr mMnw isMG AOlK dI
DI sI[ aus dw ipqw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy k`uiqAW dI dyKBwl krdw sI[
auh byh`d ^UbsUrq sI Aqy Awpxy ivAwh qoN FweI swl bwAd hI (27 jUn
167

History of the reigning family of Lahore by G.Carmichael Smyth 1847 p.127

Lwrf flhOzI ny hI mhwrwjy nUM pihlI bweIbl id`qI ijs dy pihly pMny aupr aus ny Apxy h`Q nwl iliKAw,
To his highness Maharaja Duleep Singh. This holy book in which he has been led by
Gods grace to find an inheritance richer by far than all earthly kingdoms, is presented
with sincere respect and regard, by his faithful friend.

169

Swh zmwn ny PVH mwrI sI, is`K qW myry GoiVAW dy KurW dI Awvwz sux ky hI n`s jwxgy

139

170

It may be more troublesome to keep our bird in its cage on the trans-Sutlej side than
on this but we avoid many difficulties by the milder course and the removal to a more
distant residence can be adopted or not as necessity may dictate.(Lord Hardings letter
to Henry Lawrene 16.8.1945)

140

qoN kwnHpur bnwrs Aqy pUnw qbdIl ho igAw[

ieQoN ijMdW ny 10 jnvrI

ny gulwb isMG Aqy nypwl dy pRDwn mMqrI jMg bhwdr ivru`D swizS iv`c ihsw

1849 nUM rwjw Syr isMG nUM iliKAw, qyrI bhwdrI dIAW sYNkVy vwr mubwrkW[

lYx dI pVqwl krn dw hukm dy id`qw[ kmWfr ien cIP sr nypIAr

jdoN qk svrg Aqy zmIn kwiem rihxgy lok qyrI bhwdrI dIAW g`lW

ilKdw hY, ieh sB qoN v`fw bwhrI ^qrw hY jo swnUM drpyS hY[ jy ieh sPl

krngy[ pihlI g`l qYnUM aus dr^q dI jVH nUM p`utx dI hY [ ieh g`l qUM

ho igAw qW ies dw mukwblw krn leI BwrqI POj nUM Awpxy ispwhIAW dy

PrMgI nUM szw lw ky kr skdw hYN[ ienHW mlyCW dy nwl auhI FMg qrIky vrq

pUry hyTly qbky Aqy aupr q`k dy APsrW dI pUrn inpuMnqw dI loV pvygI[

lhOr qoN k`Fx leI jo ieh swfy nwl vrqdy Awey ny[ihMdusqwnI

mhwrwxI ny kSmIr dy rxvIr isMG, ibhwr dy bwbU koier isMG, aumr isMG,

ispwhIAW nUM vI bZwvq krvwaux leI hr sMBv koiSS kr[ mYN kuJ smW

byxI mwDo, dyvI isMG, mihMdI husYn Aqy bygm AvD nUM bZwvq krn leI

pihlW do bMdy qyry v`l Byjy sn zrUr hI qYnUM iml gey hoxgy[ idn rwq myry

vI ic`TIAW ilKIAW pr bdiksmqI ieh ik bZwvq ho hI nw skI[

i^AwlW iv`c pMjwb hI rihMdw hY[

AMimRqsr dy cqr isMG Aqy mhwrwjw KVk isMG dy swLy jvwhr isMG rwhIN

171

172

6 ApRYl 1849 eI: nUM mhwrwxI nUM cunwr (izlHw imrzwpur) Byj id`qw

AMgRyzW ivru`D bZwvq dI ie`k hor koiSS vI bykwr ho geI[

igAw ij`QoN 18 ApRYl 1849 nUM PkIr dy Bys iv`c Prwr ho ky mhwrwxI

1857 eI: dy Zdr iv`c mhwrwxI dI BUuimkw audoN swhmxy AweI jdoN aus

nypwl phuMc geI[ bRqwnvI srkwr ny aus au~pr Pyr vI lgwqwr ingrwnI

dy nOkrW cyq isMG qy jvwlw isMG nUM kYd krky aunHW a~upr muk`dmw clwieAw

r`KI pr mhwrwxI ny Alwhwbwd ikLHy dy ku`J kYdIAW rwhIN pMjwb dy

igAw[ aunHW ny mMinAw ik 1857-58 iv`ckwr auh keI vwr pMjwb jWdy rhy

isrk`F dyS-BgqW nUM ic`TIAW ilKIAW[ aus kol Alwhwbwd Aqy lKnaU

sn Aqy mhwrwxI dy sunyhyN vI Alwhwbwd iv`c is`K kYdIAW nUM phuMcwauNdy rhy

iv`c qweInwq bRqwnvI rYzIfYNt dy ihMdU is`K ispwhIAW dI puUrI ilst sI

sn [174

Aqy auh aunHW nUM Aksr ic`TIAW ilKdI rihMdI sI[ auh ilKdI sI, AsIN

h`Q qy h`Q rK ky nhIN bYTy[

173

aus dI ieh idlI ie`Cw sI ik is`K

AMgRyz srkwr iv`ruD bZwvq krn Aqy Awpxw gvwicAW hoieAw rwj muV
sQwpq krn[ ies leI aus ny Awpxy ie`k ivSvwS-pwqr dosq nUM v`K
v`K QwvW qy AwpxIAW jwiedwdW vyc ky lVweI leI pYsy ie`k`Ty krn leI
AiDkwr id`qy hoey sn[ 1850 eI: iv`c aus ny jrnYl kwnH isMG dy pu`qr nUM
mwJy iv`c ieh ^br PYlwaux leI ikhw ik CyqI hI pSwvr iv`c bZwvq
hox vwlI hY Aqy ausy smyN hI aunHW nUM AMgRyzW ivr`uD hiQAwr cu`kx leI
iqAwr rihxw cwhIdw hY[

jnvrI 1861 iv`c mhwrwxI dw pu`qr dlIp isMG ieMglYNf qoN aus nUM
imlx leI klk`qy AwieAw[ mhwrwxI ny Sihzwdy dy idl iv`c AMgRyzW ivru`D
nPrq Aqy bZwvq dI Bwvnw Br id`qI Aqy ku`J hI idnW iv`c aus ny
Sihzwdy dy idl iv`coN eIseIAW dw pRBwv htw ky muV AMimRq Ck ky is`K
bxn dw bcn lY ilAw [

175

CyqI hI aus dIAW A`KW dI lo jWdI rhI Aqy

aus nUM Awpxy pu`qr nUM imlx leI ieMglYNf jwxw ipAw[ hux mhwrwxI inrwS
ho cu`kI sI Aqy aus dw idl tu`t igAw sI[ ie`k Agsq 1863 nUM 46 swl
dI aumr Bog ky aus ny lMfn dy AYibMgfn hwaUs ikMgstn ivKy pRwx iqAwg
id`qy[ brqwnvI srkwr ny aus dI lwS Bwrq ilAwaux dI AwigAw nw id`qI

1852 eI: iv`c mhwrwxI ny jMmU kSmIr dy rwjy gulwb isMG dI mdd
nwl kSmIr cly jwx dI skIm bxweI pr ieh sPl nw ho skI[ AMgRyzW
171

POrYst AMgRyz srkwr dy rIkwrf dw fwierYktr sI (Director of records of Govt. of India).

172

Secret consultation May 26. 18.49 National Archives of India New Delhi No. 114

173

National Archives of India Secret consultation October 25,1850 No. 41

141

ies leI lwS nUM lMfn dy kbrsqwn iv`c r`iKAw igAw[ bwAd iv`c
174

National Achives of India Secret consultation June 1859 No.17 It was on their statement that Charat Singh and Ram Singh were also punished for conspiracy.
25 meI 1886 nUM dlIp isMG ny BweI rUV isMG, BweI jvMd isMG, BweI Twkr isMG Aid is`KW rwhIN
AMimRq Ck ilAw[ AMimRq Ckx aupRMq aus ny Awpxy ie`k AMgRyz im`qr krnl bUAwielo nUM iliKAw, hux
do do h`Q mYdwn iv`c hoxgy
175

142

iejwzq imlx qy vI lwS nUM pMjwb ilAwaux dI AwigAw nw imlI[ lgBg

In the struggle for independence the Sikh women played

ie`k swl bwAd 1864 iv`c bMbeI nyVy nwisk iv`c nrbdw ndI iknwry

no small part. They urged their men folk to go ahead in their

mhwrwxI dw AMqm sskwr kr id`qw igAw[

fight for freedom. They themselves took a great part in the

176

20 nvMbr 1863 nUM lwrf AYlnbro ny ifaUk AwP vYilMgtn nUM ilKy ie`k

struggle. They possessed well-built bodies, firm determination,

pqr iv`c iliKAw ik ijMd kOr AOrq dy srIr iv`c mrd sI Aqy lwhOr

heroism, spirit of liberty and patriotism. George Thomas, a

drbwr iv`c ie`ko ie`k bhwdr ivAkqI sI[ iesy qrHW hrbrt vyfwrf ny

contemporary Irish adventurer who had set himself as Raja of

iliKAw, rwxI iv`c AwpxI kOm dy hor iksy mrd nwloN izAwdw hOslw Aqy

Hansi in Haryana, fought many battles against the Sikhs.He

isAwxp sI[

paid a great tribute to Sikh women (Hari Ram Gupta History of

177

the Sikhs Vol. 2 page 257)

9.14 AwzwdI leI sMGrS

gurduAwrw suDwr lihr, kUkw lihr Aqy AwzwdI leI sMGrS iv`c is`K
AOrqW ny bhuq mh`qv puUrx swrQk BUimkw inBweI[ mweI ieMd kOr Aqy
mweI Kym kOr aunHW dlyr kUkw AOrqW iv`coN hn ijnHW ny 1872 eI: iv`c
mlyrkotlw qy hmlw kIqw[ Bwrq dI AwzwdI dI lVweI iv`c hI rwjkumwrI
AMimRq kOr nUM do vwrI igRPqwr kr ky jylH ByijAw igAw[ 1933 eI: dy
sMprdwiek kwnUMn dy ivr`uD auh ctwn vWg ftI rhI Aqy iSmly iv`c
lwTIAW vI KwDIAW[ AwzwdI qoN bwAd auh Bwrq dI pihlI ishq mMqrI
bxI[ gurdwspur dI Amr kOr vI ie`k inDVk AwzwdI GulwtIAw sI[ aus
ny AkqUbr 1942 nUM sQwnk jylH qy BwrqI JMfw lihrwieAw Aqy 16 mhIny
dI kYd k`tI[ 1946 iv`c hIrw isMG B`Tl dI pqnI bIbI hrnwm kOr ny nwBw
siqAwgRih dI isvl nwPurmwnI lihr iv`c ih`sw ilAw Aqy Awpxy b`icAW
qy pqI smyq igR&qwrI id`qI[ jilHAW vwlw bwZ dy kqly Awm iv`c
joSIlIAW qkrIrW krn vwlIAW iesqRI nyqwvW lopoky dI bIbI hr kOr,
bIbI lCmx kOr Aqy sulqwnivMf dI bIbI iv`so AwpxIAW swQxw smyq
ShId vI hoeIAW[ bhuq swrIAW bIbIAW ny bwAd iv`c pMjwbI sUbw lihr
iv`c vI Bwg ilAw[ hrI rwm gupqw ilKdy hn
dlIp isMG dI lVkI ims bMbw mhwrwxI dIAW AsQIAW nwsk qoN lY AweI Aqy 27 mwrc 1924 nUM
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI smwD iv`c (lwhOr) dPnw id`qIAW[brsoN rhw ijn ky sr pr Cqry z`rIN,
qurbq py n aunkI SwimAwnw dyKw
176

177

The Rani had more wit and daring than any man o7f her nation

143

144

muslmwn vI ies dI cot qoN nw bc sky [178 ies vyly iek`ly bMgwl iv`c
hI (seId, mugl, SyK, pTwx Aidk) G`to G`t 12 muslmwn zwqW hn[

kWf 10
ivAwh Aqy qlwk

AijhI zwq brwdrI dI vMf dw smwijk irSiqAW Aqy ivAwhW

SwdIAW au~pr pRBwv pYxw kudrqI sI[ ies vKryvyN ny pihlW pihl AnuUlomw
Aqy pRqIlomw ivAwhW dw vrgIkrx kIqw[ AnUulomw ie`ko zwqI jW vrx iv`c
Su`D ivAwh huMdw sI jd ik pRqIlomw au~cI zwq (bRwhmx Awidk) v`loN iksy

10.1 is`K gurU swihbwn dw smW

ivAwh ie`k smwijk Aqy SrIrk loV hY jo jIvn Br AwpsI siqkwr,
v&wdwrI Aqy ie`k dUujy leI inSTw au~pr AwDwrq hY[ mn`uKqw dy AwrMB qoN
hI ieh rIq iksy nw iksy Skl iv`c inBweI jWdI rhI hY[ mn`uK dw ivSvwS
hY ik ivAwh swfy du`KW nUM A`Dw kr idMdw hY Aqy swfIAW ^uSIAW nUM du`gxw[
ies leI s`iBAqw dy SurU qoN hI smwj mnu`KI irSiqAW iv`c ie`kswrqw
ilAwaux leI ivAwh sbMDI inXm/kwnMUn GVdw AwieAw hY[
Bwrq iv`c AwrIAw lokW dy Awaux nwl smwjk sMGTn iv`c pRIvrqn
vDyry qIbr hoieAw[ aus smyN BwrqI smwj ny pihlI vwrI AwrIAw Aqy
AxAwrIAw dI vMf dw du`K shwirAw[ bwAd iv`c ieh vMf hor pIfI huMdI
geI Aqy nwl hI smwj iv`c AnykW hor vMfIAW pYNdIAW geIAW[ ienHW vMfIAW
nUM zwq jW vrx ikhw igAw jo bhuqw krky rMg au~pr AwDwrq sn[ AwrIAW
gory sn Aqy Bwrq dy AslI vsnIk gihry kxk vMny rMg dy sn[ zwq jW
vrx dw vrnx pihlI vwr irg vyd dy purSw sUukqw kWf iv`c Aqy pwrsIAW
dI pusqk Avysqw iv`c imldw hY[ ie`Qy bRwhmx, kSqrI, vYS iqMnW dw hI

nIvIN zwq dI AOrq nwl ivAwh krn dI izd krky huMdw sI[ hOlI hOlI
pRqIlomw ivAwh vI vDdy gey Aqy smwj dy Tykydwr bRwhmx ny pRvwxgI dy
id`qI ik koeI bRwhmx (ivAwh krvwaux qoN ibnW vI) Cy v`Ko v`KrIAW zwqW
dIAW znwnIAW nwl sbMD bxw ky AOlwd pYdw kr skdw hY[ (mnUM ismrqI
kWf 3 Slok 9,13,14 qy 156)[ ies qrHW bRwhmxW dIAW iksmW vI vDdIAW
geIAw ijvyN ik Asur, kYqrj, d`q, ikRqrm, gRoqpn, ApivD, knIn,
shOr, kRIq pnOrBv, sYdyvq Aqy sOdr Awidk[ ienHW iv`c vI au~cI jwq Aqy
nIvIN zwq dy vKryvyN pY gey ijs nwl ivAwh SwdIAW iv`c hor vI gVbV
hoxI kudrqI sI[ ies qrHW siBAwcwrW dy ByV ny hOlI hOlI BwrqI smwj nUM
pUrI qrHW bdl id`qw Aqy mnMU vrgy ivdvwnW ny inXm GVky ieh vMfIAW
hor vI p`kIAW kr id`qIAW[ gurU jI dy vyly q`k iksy nw iksy rUp iv`c Aqy
iksy nw iksy ielwky iv`c hyT ilKI prkwr dy ivAwh pRclq sn jo mnUM
ismrqI Anuswr smwj iv`c pRvwx huMdy Awey sn[
1. bRhm ivAwh: mwpy iksy pVHy ilKy Aqy sdwcwrI nOjvwn nUM AwpxI bytI
k`piVAW Aqy gihixAW smyq sONp idMdy sn[

izkr hY ikauNik AwrIAw lokW ny Awpxy smwj nUM ienHW iqMnW BwgW iv`c hI
vMifAw hoieAW sI[ SUdr Sbd AwrIAw lokW ny BwrqIAW leI bwAd iv`c

2. dyv ivAwh: mwpy koeI X`g jW rsm r`Kdy sn Aqy dKSxw dy qOr qy
X`g krn vwly nUM AwpxI lVkI dwn kr idMdy sn[

vriqAw jdoN aunHW ny ienHW nUM ij`q ky gulwm jW dws bxw ilAw igAw sI[ ieh
vMf Bwrq iv`c hI nhIN eIrwn iv`c vI cwlU kIqI geI ij`Qy AQrvw,
rwQystw, vsqrIAw Aqy SUAMtw cwr zwqW hoNd ivc Aw geIAW[ boDI lokW
ny pihlI vwr ies vrx-vMf dI ft ky ivroDqw kIqI pr auh ies nUM jVoN
nw pu`t sky[ vDdI vDdI ieh vrx-vMf dI bImwrI A`gy hr zwqI iv`c hor

3. ArS ivAwh: ivAwhuqw lVkI dw ipqw iksy nOjvwn qoN pSUAW dw joVw
lYky AwpxI lVkI sONp idMdw sI[
4. pRjwpq ivAwh: duSmx nwl SkqISwlI g`TjoV krn leI pirvwr dI
mrzI dy mrd nUM lVkI ivAwh id`qI jWdI sI[

vKyivAW dw kwrn bxI[ A`j bRwhmx vI keI qrHW dy hn (ijvyN dws, jwqk,
kLONq Awidk)[ ieslwm AijhI vMf nUM svIkwr nhIN sI krdw pr
145

178

ie`k dsqrs sy qyrI hwlI bcw hUAw Qw, aus ky BI idl py qUM ny crkw lgw ky CoVw[

146

5. Asur ivAwh: irSqydwr mnzUr kIqw hoieAw pYsw lwVy qoN lY ky AwpxI

dovyN ie`k dUjy iv`c pUrn ivSvwS r`Kdy hox Aqy ZlqI hox qy aunHW iv`c ie`k
dUjy nUM muAw& krn dw gux hovy[

DI vyc idMdy sn[

6. gMDrv ivAwh: ieh ivAwh kuVI Aqy muMfy dI mrzI nwl huMdw sI[ mwqw

ieh srbpRvwxq scweI hY ik mrdW Aqy AOrqW iv`ckwr SrIrk

ipqw dI ies iv`c koeI BUuimkw nhIN sI[ A`j k`l ies nUM lv mYirj

iBMnqw hox kwrn SrIrW iv`c v`Ko v`KrI prkwr dy hwrmon auqpn hMudy hn[

kihMdy hn[

ies kudrqI scweI kwrn AOrqW qulnwqimk rUp iv`c v`D swaU, sihnSIl,

7. rwKSS ivAwh: AOrq nUM D`ky nwl auDwl ilAw jWdw sI Aqy bwAd iv`c
bRwhmx qoN ivAwh dI rIq krvw leI jWdI sI[ hmlw krn vwly
DwVvIAW nUM duSmx dIAW DIAW BYxW Aqy pqnIAW cu`k iljwx Aqy
rwKSS ivAwh krn dw h`k huMdw sI[
8. pYSwc ivAwh: su`qI hoeI AOrq nwl jW aus dy vsoN bwhr hwlwq iv`c
aus nwl blwqkwr kr ky bwAd iv`c aus blwqkwr nUM smwijk mwxqw
dy ky SwdI mMn ilAw jWdw sI[

sinmr, imlxswr, idAwlU Aqy suMdr huMdIAW sn jd ik mrd roAbdwb

vwly, qwkqvr, AVIAl, ihMmqI Aqy hukm clwx vwly huMdy hn[ mnu`KI
sMpUrxqw leI hr ivAkqI nUM (cwhy mrd hovy jW AOrq) ienHW swryy guxW dw
DwrxI hoxw zrUrI hY[ iehI vjHw hY ik AOrq nUM ArDWgxI jW ArDsrIrI
ikhw jWdw hY [ BweI gurdws jI Anuswr, lok vyd gux igAwn iv`c ArD
sRIrI moK duAwrI[ sMpUrxqw leI pqI pqnI dovyN ie`k dUjy dy pUrk hn[
brwbrI dy AwDwr qy ie`k dUjy qoN is`Kx Aqy sMpUrxqw q`k puhMcx iv`c mdd
imldI rihMdI hY[

10.2 gurU swihbwn qoN ipCoN

mwqw, BYx, Brw Aqy p`uqr Awidk irSqy kudrqI sbMD hn[ ies dy

is`KI iv`c ivAwh nUM duinAwvI Aqy AiDAwqimk AwnMd leI ie`k

ault dMpqI sbMD Arjq irSqw (acquired relationship) hY jo ivAwh dI

piv`qr bMDn mMinAw jWdw hY[ is`K Drm Anuswr hr mn`uK ie`k AsIm

sMsQw kwrn bxdw hY[ pUrbI Drm ivAwh nUM duinAwvI Aqy AiDAwqimk

pRiqBw dw mwilk hY prMqU aus nUM AwpxIAW XogqwvW dw pUrn igAwn nhIN

dovyN ArQ idMdy hn[ auh mMndy hn ik siBAk mnu`KI smwj leI zrUrI hY

huMdw[ jdoN koeI dUsrw ivAkqI swfIAW ienHW gupq XogqwvW bwry igAwn

ik srIrk Bu`K dUr krn leI koeI inXm jW kwnMUn hox[ AiDAwqimk jIvn

krvw idMdw hY qW AsIN ienHW dI vrqoN kr ky sMpUrxqw vl v`Dxw SurU kr

dy AsUlW Anuswr ivAwh sImq ilMgk jIvn dw ie`k piv`qr rsqw hY[

idMdy hW[ AYsw ivAkqI koeI auh ho skdw hY jo swfy AYnw nyVy hovy ik swfy

pwrgwmI jIvn (Transcendental life) leI igRhsQI ivAkqI AwpxI

smu`cy Awpy dI jwxkwrI r`Kdw hovy Aqy swfI smr`Qw nUM swkwr krn iv`c

inrAMkuS (Ku`lI) ivAwpk iqRpqI dI kurbwnI dy idMdw hY[ ies leI is`KI

shwiek hovy[ sPl ivAwh ies loV dI puUrqI krdw hY[

iv`c AwdrS ivAwh auh hY ijs iv`c pqI pqnI ie`k dUjy dy suBw, AkWiKAw

jdoN koeI pRiqBw lBdI hyY (jo pihlW swfy iDAwn iv`c nhIN sI AweI

(ambitions) Aqy idRStIkox smJ ky Awpxy Awp nUM aus Anuswr Fwl lYNdy

huMdI) qW ies nUM pRPulq krn dI loV huMdI hY[ ies sMDrB iv`c jIvn swQI

hn qW ik dovyN duinAwvI Aqy AiDAwqimk gOrv pRwpq kr skx[ auh swrI

AwpxI sMvydnw, Xogqw Aqy idlcspI smyq AwpsI mdd leI qqpr huMdw

aumr pqIvrqw Aqy iesqRIvrqw ho ky iv`crdy hn [179 dUjy pwsy p`CmI lok

hY[ ku`J Aijhy sMDrB iv`c hI gurU swihb ivAwhuqw joVI nUM mn`uKI pRiq`Bw

ivAwh nUM ie`k qrHW dw smwijk ie`krwrnwmw mMndy hn ijs nUM dohW iDrW

dIAW duinAwvI Aqy AiDAwqimk aucwxW pRwpq kridAW klpdy hn[ ieh

iv`coN koeI vI iDr jdoN cwhy qoV ky irSqy nUM smwpq kr skdI hY[

zrUrI hY ik dovyN swQI mwnisk Aqy Bwvuk p`Dr qy ieh mihsUs krn ik
ie`k nUM dUsry dI loV hY Aqy aunHW dy kIqy kMm jW mdd dI pRSMSw ho rhI hY[
147

179

jYsy piqvrqw prpurKY n dyKXo cwhY, puUrn pqIvrqw ko piq hI mY DXwn hY (kibq BweI gurdws)

148

10.3 ivvsiQq ivAwh (Arranged marriages)

ieMglYNf iv`c muMfy kuVIAW AwpxI mrzI dw vr Awp cuxdy hn qy
Aksr skuUlW kwljW iv`c pVHx dy smyN hI ie`k dUjy nwl imlx julx l`g
jWdy hn[ eySIAn siBAwcwr ies g`l qoN iGrxw krdw hY[ au~Qyy mwpy AwpxI
lVkI leI Xog vr cux ky ivAwh krdy hn Aqy lVkIAW ivAwh dy idn

mMuifAW dy muMifAW nwL Aqy kuVIAW dy kuVIAW nwl ivAwh (Same sex
marriages) jW ivAwh qoN bwhrly ilMg sbMD, jo p`Cm iv`c swDwrx mMny jWdy
hn, is`K Drm iv`c ivvrijq hn[ ij`QoN qk AMqR-Dwrimk SwdIAW dw
sbMD hY is`K rihq mrXwdw AijhIAW SwdIAW dI mnwhI krdI hY ikauNik
ienHW rwhIN AiDAwqimk Aqy sMsikRqk p`Dr qy aulJy hoey duibDw gRsq b`cy

q`k iksy nwl ilMg sbMD nhINN bxwauNdIAW[ hux ikauNik bhuq swry eySIAn

pYdw huMdy dyKy gey hn[

lok (ijnHW iv`c is`K vI hn) ieMglYNf iv`c Aw ky vs gey hn eySIAn qrIky

10.4 is`K Drm Aqy ihMsw

dy ivAwhW nUM ieMgLYNf dy lok psMd nhIN krdy[ aunHW dI s`iBAqw Anuswr
Aijhy ivAwh krn vwly mwpy muMfy kuVIAW dI AwzwdI au~pr byloVI rok
lwauNdy hn Aqy kwnUMn dI aulMGxw krdy hn[ auh Aijhy ivAwhW nUM
ivvsiQq ivAwh (arranged marriages) AwKdy hn[

inrwsqw, h`T, AXog mMgW, kRoD qy eIrKw GrogI ihMsw nUM jnm idMdy hn[
SrIrk qOr qy qwkqvr hox kwrn Aksr vDIkI mrd hI krdw hY[ ho
skdw hY ik ieh hmySw TIk nw vI hovy pr Gr dw muKIAw hox krky SWqI
kwiem r`Kx pRqI mrd dI ijMmyvwrI qoN munkr vI nhIN hoieAw jw skdw[

is`K mwqw ipqw dI rwey iv`c ivAwh kyvl AnurUp (compatible)

is`K Drm iv`c iksy vI pRkwr dI ihMsw dI mnwhI hY Aqy AwpsI smJdwrI

joiVAW iv`c hI hoxy cwhIdy hn[ Aijhy joiVAW leI cox Aksr mwpy krdy

Aqy g`lbwq rwhIN h`l l`Bx dI is`iKAw id`qI jWdI hY[ hir nwmyY ky hovhu

hn[ aunHW dw ivSvwS hY ik mnu`KI irSiqAW iv`c pRp`kqw hOlI hOlI AwauNdI

joVI gurmuiK bYshu sPw ivCwie] (pMnw 1185) is`K is`KxI iml bhYN

hY Aqy pRp`kqw hIx irSqy bhuqw icr kwiem nhIN rihMdy[ inAMqrx,

crcw krYN Apwr] Bjn is`KwvYN puqr ko inq Bj bwrMbwr (sUrj pRkwS

Bwvwqimk siQrqw Aqy AnuuSwSn Awaux qoN bwAd hI b`icAW nUM ivAwh

ruq 5 A:24)

vrgy mh`qv-pUrx PYsly qy pu`jxw cwhIdw hY[ p`CmI smwj iv`c b`cy Aijhy
guxW dy jVH PV lYx q`k ieMqzwr nhIN krdy[ ivvsiQq ivAwh is`KW iv`c
vI huMdy hn Aqy ies vyly ieMglYNf dy is`K smwj leI svwl ieh hY ik auh
p`CmI FMg qrIky Apxwaux jW Awpxy purwqn FMg qrIky vrqky Awpxy
b`icAW nwl D`kw vrqx Aqy sQwink kwnUMn hyT szw Bugqx[

pMjwb iv`c pqIAW Aqy s`sW vloN nv-ivAwhIAW vhutIAW dy swVy jwx
dy kys vD rhy hn[ jdoN stov Ptdw hY qW hmySw pqnI hI mrdI hY, muMfy
dI mW jW ByYx nhIN mrdIAW[ sp`St hY ik Aijhw p`K-pwq dwj dy lwlc
Aqy AswvyN rveIey v`l ieSwrw krdw hY[ AwDuink soc Aijhy iGnwauNxy
Byd-Bwv nUM mwnqw nhIN dy skdI[ inAW dI mMg hY ik AOrqW nUM brwbr dy

k`uJ pVHy ilKy is`K mwipAw dy iv`cwr ivvsiQq ivAwhW pRqI bdl rhy

h`k imlx[ is`K drSn AijhI iksy vI ihMsw dI AwigAw nhIN dy skdw[

hn[ auh b`icAW a~upr AwpxI rwey Tosx dI bjwey aunHW nUM swQI l`Bx iv`c

ies dw AYlwn hY hMsu hyqu loBu kopu cwry ndIAW Aig] pvih dJih nwnkw

mdd krn l`g pey hn[ mnoivigAwnk mwxqw hY ik mwpy kudrqI qOr qy

qrIAY krmI lig] (pMnw 147)[ ijsu mnu mwnY AiBmwn n qw kau ihMsw loB

jwxdy huMdy hn ik aunHW dy b`icAw dI BlweI iks g`l iv`c hY[ jy mwipAw

ivswry[ (pMnw 1198)

dy ies suBwvk Aihsws dy nwl b`icAW dI rzwmMdI vI juV jwvy qW AwdrS

10.5 AwdrS ivAwh

Aqy lMmy smyN leI c`lx vwlIAW SwdIAW sMBv hn[ AnurUpqw (Compatibility) dy ivru`D hox vwly ipAwr ivAwh (Love Marriages) dyr pw nhIN
huMdy (dyKo 6.2 dI qwilkw)
149

AwdrS ivAwh bwry gurU swihb PurmwauNdy hn: Dn ipru eyih n

AwKIAin bhin ie`kTy hoie] eyk joiq duie mUrqI Dn ipru khIAY soie]
150

lgBg hr iPlwsPr AijhI hI is`KSw idMdw hY ik pqI

zrUrI smiJAw jWdw hY[ keI g`LW iv`c is`K ivAwh AwdrS kYQoilk

pqnI dw Awqimk qOr qy ie`k hoxw hI AslI AwnMd Aqy AslI pirvwrk

ivAwh dy sMklp Aqy piv`qrqw dy nyVy hY pRMqU kuJ nw-smJ lokW ny

KuSI pRdwn kr skdw hY[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy mhwn ivAwiKAwkwr BweI

eIsweIAW dI ieh qu`k vrqxI vI SurU kr id`qI hY Marriages are

gurdws jI Anuswr iesqRI igAwn BMfwr Aqy mukqI dwqI is`D ho skdI hY[

arranged in heaven and solemnized on earth ieh inrI byvkUPI hI hY[

lok vyd gux igAwn iv`c ArD srIrI moK duAwrI] gurmuK su`KPl inhcau

ies nUM is`D krn leI igAwnI gRMQI Aksr kih idMdy hn, nwnk siqguru

nwrI]

iqnw imlwieAw ijnw Dury pieAw sMjogu (pMnw 957)[ ieh ArQ iksy vI

(pMnw 788)[

180

ivAwh pqI Aqy pqnI iv`ckwr ipAwr Aqy sWJ dI brwbr dI

qrHW nhIN ley jw skdy[ ieh swrw Sbd siqgurU bwry hY ivAwh bwry

BweIvwlI hY[ jy pqI pirvwr dw isr hY qW pqnI pirvwr dw idl hY[

nhIN[ AsIN swrw Sbd hyT ilK rhy hW qW jo pwTk Awp inrxw kr skx[

nYiqk, Dwrimk Aqy bOiDk aucwxW pRwpq krn leI dohW dw sucyq Aqy

slok m 5] jYsw siqguru suxIdw qYso hI mY fITu] iv`CuiVAw myly pRBU

sihXogI hoxw zrUrI hY[

hir drgh kw bsITu] hir nwmo mMqR idRVwiedw kty haumY rogu] nwnk

haumy dI mwrI bdnwm AOrq bwry siqgurU jI PurmwauNdy hn, mnmuK

siqguru iqnw imlwieAw ijnw Dury pieAw sMjogu] (pMnw 957)

mYlI kwmxI kulKxI kunwir] ipru CoifAw Gir Awpxw pr purKY nwil

aupRokq ivcwr gurbwxI dy nhIN eIsweIAW dy hn ijnHW dI bweIbl iv`c

ipAwru] iqRSnw kdy n cukeI jldI kry pukwr (pMnw 89) Aqy cir`qr-hIx

Aijhy iv`cwr drj hn [181 is`K Drm mMndw hY ik ivAwh mnu`KW v`loN hI

pqI nUM gurU jI kihMdy hn, inmK kwm suAwd kwrix koit idns duKu

qY kIqy jWdy hn Aqy iksy vI mnu`KI kMm vWg ienHW iv`c vI ivGn pY skdw

pwvih] GrI muhq rMg mwxih iPir bhuir bhuir pCuqwvih] AMDy cyiq hir

hY Aqy ieh AsPl ho skdy hn[ ivAwh dy vwAdy pqI pqnI nUM joVn leI

hir rwieAw] qyrw so idnu nyVY AwieAw ] rhwau] plk idRsit dyiK BUlo Awk

sIimMt hn Aqy is`K koiSS krdw hY ik Awpxy gurU dy swhmxy kIqy

nIm ko qUMmr] jYsw sMgu ibsIAr isau hY ry qYso hI iehu pr igRhu (pMnw

vwAidAW nMU auh XQw Skq inBwvy[ is`K dw gurU jI leI ipAwr qW isr

403) {AwpxI iesqRI nUM C`f ky prweI nwl sOxw ies qrHW hY ijvyN koeI

mMgdw hY vwAdw inBwauxw qW sOKw hI hY, ijsu ipAwry isau nyhu iqsu AwgY

zihrI s`p nwl sOvy}[ ivAwh qoN bwhrly ilMg-sbMDW nUM mrd jW iesqRI

mir clIAY ] iDRgu jIvxu sMswir qw kY pwCY jIvxw(pMnw 83)

dI mnu`KI kmzorI smJ ky muAw& nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ pqI pqnI dI ie`k
dUjy pRqI v&wdwrI smwj pRqI aunHW dI izMmyvwrI hY[ Aqy ies dI aulMGxw
is`K Drm iv`c iblku`l pRvwx nhIN hY[ bwl ivAwh nUM is`K Drm iv`c
pRvwxgI nhIN id`qI geI (dyKo rihq mrXwdw 2.4 pMjwbI AYfISn)

qlwk vDI hoeI haumYN dw nqIjw huMdy hn[ gurU jI PurmwauNdy hn,
jig haumY mYlu duKu pwieAw mlu lwgI dUjY Bwie] mlu haumY DoqI ikvY n
auqrY jy sau qIrQ nwie (pMnw 39)[ pqI pqnI nUM sucyq ho ky haumY qy kwbU
r`Kxw cwhIdw hY Aqy iml jul ky ies nUM isrjnwqimk pRikirAw vl moVnw
cwhIdw hY[

10.6 qlwk
qlwk Sbd sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c ikDry vI nhIN imldw[ ij`QoN

p`CmI smwj iv`c haumYN ieqnI vDI hoeI hY ik ie`k vwrI vKryvyN jVH

q`k ho sky is`K Drm iv`c ivAwh dI pwkIzgI Aqy AKMfqw nUM kwiem r`Kxw

PV jwx qW siqkwrXog smJOqw hoxw lg pg AsMBv ho jWdw hY[ lok vwr

vwr ivAwh krvwauNdy hn[ aunHW dI sMsikRqI dw ieh ie`k Ain`KVvW AMg

mn qU Sudm qU mn SudI mn qn Sudm qU jW SudI[ qw ks nw goied bwAd AzIN mn dIgrm qU dIgrI

(qUM mYN hovW qy mYN qUM hovy, mYN srIr hovW qUM jwn hovyN[ koeI ieh n kih sky ik qUM hor hYN qy mYN hor)[

180

151

181

dyKo bweIbl mwrk 10-9

152

bx igAw hY ijs bwry ivcwr krn dI koeI loV nhIN smJI jWdI Aqy nW

A`j k`lH skUlW iv`c sYks iv`idAw SurU kr id`qI geI hY Aqy i^Awl

hI qlwk-Sudw mrd jW AOrq nUM iksy g`loN GtIAw smiJAw jWdw hY[ is`K

kIqw jWdw hY ik ies nwl hwlq suuDr jwvygI prMqU AMkVy d`sdy hn ik ies

Drm ivAwh nwl nYiqk kdrW joVdw hY[ ies Anuswr, jy lK iesqrIAW

dw Asr sgoN ault ho irhw hY[ Coty b`cy sYks nUM Kyfxw smJ ky hI vrqx

Bog krih nv KMf rwju kmwih] ibnu siqgur su`Ku n pwveI iPir iPir jonI

l`g pey hn Aqy pMdrW swl qoN G`t au~mr dIAW mwvW dI igxqI hr swl

pwih](pnw 26)[

vD rhI hY[ loV hY qW ies g`l dI hY ik ivAkqIgq ivAwhuqw irSiqAW

mwnisk sMquStI svY-AnuSwSn, eImwndwr bcn-v`Dqw Aqy AwpsI

siqkwr dw kudrqI Pl hY[ rzwmMdI, syvw Aqy ie`k dUjy dIAW loVW dI puUrqI
mn`uKI sbMDW nUM mDur Aqy mwnXog bxw idMdy hn[
is`K Drm ivAwh nUM kyvl do ivAkqIAW dw duinAwvI sbMD nw mMn ky
do AwqmwvW Aqy do pirvwrW dw sbMD mMndw hY[ ies piv`qr sbMD iv`c iksy
pRkwr dw zihr Golxw jW ies nUM ingUxI ijhI g`l qy qoVn B`jxw munwsb
nhIN smiJAw jWdw[ qlwk bhuq duKdweI Aqy kStdwiek qjrbw hY jo

bwry is`iKAw id`qI jwvy ijs iv`c AwDuink smwijk Aqy mwnisk pRBwvW dw
iDAwn r`iKAw jwvy[ mwqw ipqw, pirvwr, smwj Aqy Dwrimk Adwry ies
iv`c bVw cMgw rol inBw skdy hn [ ies pwsy pihl kdmI is`KW nUM hI krnI
cwhIdI hY[
t`uty irSqy haumY, AVbweI, Awp hudrwpx Aqy eIrKw iqAwg ky hI
suuDwry skdy jn ijnHW iv`c muV im`Ty bol Aqy AwpsI ipAwr prq Awaux[
Drm iehI is`KSw idMdw hY[ kYhw kMcnu qutY swru] AgnI gMFu pwey lohwru]

pqI pqnI nUM AmwnvI (de-humanize) bxw idMdw hY[ iksy nUM vI qlwk qoN

kwlw gMF ndIAw mIh Jol[ gMF prIqI imTy bol (pMnw 143)

^uSI nhIN imldI[ ieh do ivAkqIAW iv`c hI nhIN sgoN do pirvwrW iv`c

10.7 grBpwq

vI smisAwvW pYdw krdw hY Aqy b`icAW dy jIvn au~pr by-h`d BYVw Asr
pwauNdw hY[ b`icAW dI BlweI mwipAW dy AwpsI irSqy dI siQrqw au~qy
inrBr huMdI hY[ qlwk hox auprMq auh iksmq dy bMDk bx jWdy hn Aqy
jIvx dy mh`qv-pUrx p`KW qy aunHW dw inAMqrx nhIN rihMdw[ hor iksy
kwrn nw vI socIey, b`icAW dy Bly leI hI shI, ivAwh nUM sPl bxwauxw
dMpqI dI pihlI izMmyvwrI hY[

A`jklH AxjMmy b`cy dw ilMg inrDwrx krn Aqy grBpwq krvwaux dw

irvwj Awm ijhI g`l bx geI hY[ is`K Drm iv`c ivAwh nUM Drm nwl
joiVAw igAw hY[ b`cy pYdw krnw Aqy mnu`KI nsl nUM A`gy qornW ivAwh dw
m`uK audyS hY[ ies audyS nUM CuitAwaux dI koeI vI koiSS ivAwh smyN gurU
gRMQ jI swihb A`gy kIqy vwAdy dI i^lw&vrzI hY[ grBpwq Aqy BrUx
h`iqAw ie`k qrHW nwl kql hI hn jo is`K Drm iv`c pRvwx nhIN ho skdy[

mwipAW dIAW AxQ`k koiSSW dy vwbjUd vI keI vwr ivAwh t`ut hI

cMgI g`l hY ik pMjwb srkwr ny ilMg inrDwrx Aqy BrUx h`iqAw nUM kwnMUnI

jWdy hn[ prMprw Anuswr pMjwb iv`c tu`ty hoey ivAwh smwj iv`c Srm,

jurm krwr dy id`qw hY Aqy SRomxI kmytI ny vI ies dy ivru`D hukmnwmw jwrI

ApRwD jW loklwj nwl joV id`qy jWdy hn Aqy Aksr JgVw krn dw doS

kr id`qw hY [182

AOrqW isr mVH id`qw jWdw hY[ AijhI ivvsQw iv`c irSqydwrW Aqy dosqW
im`qrW dw sihXog keI vwr cMgy nqIjy pYdw krdw hY[ p`Cm iv`c irSqydwrW
Awidk dI idlcspI ArQhIx hY ikauNik b`cy iksy dI rwey nwl nhIN sgoN
AwpxI mrzI nwl ivAwh krvwauNdy hn ijs iv`c iksy dw koeI d^l hI
nhIN huMdw[ tu`ty irSqy nUM vI dohW ny Awp hI suDwrxw huMdw hY[
153

ku`J hwlqW iv`c grBpwq zrUrI ho jWdw hY ijvyN ik blwqkwr, AxjMmy

b`cy dI ApMgqw jW mW dI jwn nUM ^qrw hox dI sUrq iv`c[ Aijhy hwlwq
iv`c PYslw sbMDq mW dI mrzI qy hoxw cwhIdw hY[ srogyt mW vrgy msilAW
182
1991 iv`c 1000 muMifAW ip`Cy 888 (SihrW iv`c 875) kuVIAW sn[ 2001 iv`c ieh igxqI Gt
ky 850 rih geI [ is`KW iv`c ieh Anupwq hor vI nIvW hY 1000 muMifAW mgr 786 kuVIAW[ jy iehI
hwl irhw qW pMjwb iv`c fwky, auDwly, blwqkwr Aqy kqlW dI igxqI vD jwvygI[

154

au~pr is`K nyqwvW nUM soc smJ ky koeI PYslw krnw cwhIdw hY[ p`CmI crc

is`K Drm iv`c dwj dy ivru`D s^q hdwieqW hn[ is`K Drm lwVy dy

ies iv`c pUrI pUrI idlcspI lY rhy hn pr SRomxI kmytI ny cu`p swDI hoeI

pirvwr vloN pYsy Aqy hor quh&y zbrdsqI mMgx dw ivroD krdw hY[

hY[

gurbwxI iv`c kyvl vwihgurU nwm dw dwj hI pRvwx hY, hir pRB myry bwbulw

10.8 dwj dhyz

hor dyvhu dwnu mY dwjo ] hir kpVo hir soBw dyvhu ijqu svrY myrw kwjo ]

pMjwb iv`c ivAwh dy smyN ivdw ho rhI lVkI nUM qohPy dyx dw irvwj
hY[ Awp qOr qy ieh qohPy sony, pYsy, BWfy, ibsqry, Aqy isrhwxy Awidk huMdy
hn jo Aksr lVkI ny Awp iqAwr kIqy huMdy hn[ mwipAW Aqy irSqydwrW
vloN id`qy gey Aijhy quhPy nvIN joVI nUM nvW Gr bnwaux iv`c m`dd idMdy
hn[ ipqw dI Ac`l sMpqI iv`coN ih`sw nw imlx dy ievzwny vjoN vI dwj nUM
mhwnqw id`qI jWdI rhI hY[ dwj nwl lVkI dI nvyN pirvwr iv`c iez`q
vDdI sI[ au~p Bogqwvwd (Consumerism) dy pswr nwl dwj dw rUp Aqy
q`q bdl gey hn[ lwVy dy pirvwr ny dwj nUM ie`k zrUrI rIq iv`c bdl
id`qw hY Aqy lok ADuink mihMgIAW mSInW (kwr, tIvI, Pirj Awidk) dI
mMg krn l`g pey hn[ Aijhy ivvhwr nwl keI prkwr dIAW sm`isAwvW
KVHIAW ho geIAW hn ijnHW iv`c vhutIAW dI mwnsk pRySwnI Aqy ihMsw vI

(pMnw 78-79)[ jnm swKIAW vI SwhdI BrdIAW hn ik mu`F qoN hI gurU jI

ny dwj dhyj lYxw mnHw kr id`qw sI, gurU jI kihAw BweI bwlw v`fI BwrI
h`iqAw hY kMinAW kw krz lYxw kMinAw mwrnI[ is`K rihq mrXwdw iv`c
vI ieho ku`J iliKAw igAw hY, koeI is`K Awpxy byty jW bytI dw ivAwh pYsw
dy ky nw kry (is`K rihq mrXwdw 2.12 pMjwbI sMskrx 1998)[ hor
mnmuK dwju ij riK idKwlih su kUV AhMkwr kc pwjo (pMnw 79)
ieh vI ie`k ivfMbnw hY ik dwj dw smrQx vI AOrqW hI krdIAW
hn[ jy kr AorqW dwj lYx dyx qoN ienkwrI ho jwx qW AnykW AjweIN
jWdIAW jwnW bc skdIAW hn[ ie`k pVHI ilKI kmwaU AOrq ny swrI a~umr
Awpxy shuirAW nUM kmw ky hI dyxw huMdw hY[ kI iksy Drm gRMQ ny dwj lYx
dw h`k kyvl lwVy nUM hI bKiSAw hY[ lwVI dwj ikauN nhIN mMg skdI ?183

Swml hn[ jy iksy kwrn BwrqI ivAwh AsPl ho jwvy qW Aksr AOrq
nUM hI doS id`qw jWdw hY[ jy hor ku`J nw hovy qW dwj G`t ilAwaux dw imhxw
lw ky lVkIAW nUM swVn q`k dI szw dy BwgI bxw id`qw jWdw hY[ ies BYVI
pRQw nUM rokx leI BwrqI pwrlImYNt ny 1961 iv`c dwj mnwhI kwnUMn pws kr
id`qw sI[ cOdW swl bwAd 1975 iv`c pMjwb srkwr ny vI ie`k hor kwnUMn
pws kIqw ijs ADIn ivAwh qoN s`q swl dy AMdr mrn vwlI lVkI dw
AMqm sMskwr aunIN dyr nhIN kIqw jw skdw ijMNnI dyr q`k ik mrn vwlI
dy mwipAW v`loN koeI S`k nhIN dw pRmwx p`qr nw iml jwvy[ bdiksmqI
nwl nW srkwr Aqy nW hI Dwrimk qy rwjsI sMsQwvW ny ies kwnMUn nUM s^qI
nwl lwgU krn iv`c koeI idlcspI idKweI hY[ 1995 iv`c dwj dI blI
cVHx vwlIAW lVkIAW dI igxqI pMjwb iv`c 2.6% sI pr 1996 iv`c ieh
3.3% ho geI jd ik iesy smyN iv`c dyS ivAwpI dwj dhyj dIAW mOqW dI
igxqI 2.4% sI[ (See National Crime records Bureau 1998 p.289)[
kI ies nUM pMjwb dI qr`kI mMinAw jwvy?
155

ieslwm iv`c lwVw jW aus dw pirvwr sB dy swhmxy imQI hoeI rkm lwVI nUM dyxI mMndy hn ies nUM
imhr ikhw jWdw hY [ ieh swrI aumr leI lVkI dI jwiedwd bx jWdI hY ijs qy aus dw kwnMUnI h`k
huMdw hY[ imhr muA`jl mOMky qy hI qwrnI pYNdI hY[

183

156

suDwrx dI koeI koiSS nhIN krdIAW sgoN ies pRsiQ`qI nUM cwlU r`Kx iv`c
shweI huMdIAW hn[ SwdI qoN bwAd lVkIAW dI hwlq Awm qOr qy hor vI
mwVI ho jWdI hyY[

kWf 11

aupRokq ivvhwr is`KI dy AwSy nwl myl nhIN KWdw[ is`K iesqRIAW bwry

AigAwnqw

gurU swihb dy ivcwr AsIN ip`Cy dy Awey hW[ gurU jI ny is`K iesqRI nUM mrd

BwvyN kudrq ny iesqRIAW nUM mrd nwloN v`KrI SrIrk kwrj pRnwlI dy ky

dy brwbr dw smwjk drjw id`qw hY[ bdiksmqI ieh hY ik gurU jI dI

vKirAwieAw hY pr iesqRI dI smwjk drjw bMdI iv`c p`K-pwq kyvl bx

cu`kI pRMprw kwrn hI hY[ ies aupyiKAw dw srb-ivAwpk kwrx mrd v`loN
iesqRI nUM AwzwdI dyx qoN sMkoc krn iv`c luikAw hoieAw hY[ AOrqW dI AKOqI

is`iKAw qoN AsIN kohW dUr cly gey hW[ ies dy do prmu`K kwrn hn[ ie`k
hY ihMdU Drm ijs ny Bwrq dy swry DrmW Aqy smwijk rsmW irvwjW nUM
pRBwvq kIqw hY[ dUsrw hY iv`idAw dI Gwt[ AsIN ienHW dohW prmuK kwrnW

hIxqw bwry Koj Awm qOr qy ies nqIjy qy phuMcdI hY ik ieh hIxqw mrd dy

bwry sMKyp iv`cwr krWgy[

srIrk jbr Aqy kmwaU hox kwrx im`Q leI geI hY[ mrd BwvyN AOrq dI

11.1 ihMdU Drm dw pRBwv

ikMnI vI pRsMsw kry ies scweI qoN ienkwr nhIN kIqw jw skdw ik auh Awpxy
idl iv`c znwnI nUM nIvIN smJdw hY Aqy AwzwdI dyx qoN sMkoc krdw hY[

fwktr trMp ilKdy hn, ihMdU Drm ny is`K Drm nUM Awpxy klwvy iv`c
jkV ilAw hY[ ieh mukwblqn nvW Drm jwx bcwaux leI qrly lY irhw

A`j klH pMjwb iv`c muMfy dy jnm qy miTAweIAW vMfxw, Fol vjwauxw

hY[ XkIn nwl ikhw jw skdw hY ik srkwrI shwieqw nw imlx dI suUrq

Aqy gwauxw bjwauxw Awm irvwj hY[ lohVI dw iqauyhwr qW kyvl hY hI

iv`c AMq nUM is`K Drm dw ingilAw jwxw inSicq hY[ ieho ijhw ivcwr

mMuifAW nUM smrpq[ muMifAW nUM rwjkumwrW vWg smiJAw qy pwilAw jWdw hY

hI fwktr inhwr rMjn idMdy hn, gurU goibMd isMG nMU XkInn durgw jW cMfI

Aqy auh ij`Qy cwhux jw skdy hn[ ies dy ault lVkI dy pYdw hox qy jSn

dI pUjw iv`c jW bRhmvwdI krm kWf iv`c koeI idlcspI nhIN sI[ aunHW

dI koeI loV mihsUs nhIN kIqI jWdI sgoN swrw pirvwr (ivSyS krky

ny ihMdU Drm dIAW im`QW Aqy gwQwvW nUM pRqIk leI vriqAw[ pr ieh

AOrqW) d`uK Aqy APsos prgt krdIAW hn [ nv-jnmI kuVI nUM Aksr

scweI hY ik sqwrHvIN sdI qoN hI bRwhmxI dyvI dyviqAw dI pUjw Aqy

`p`Qr ikhw jWdw hY[ kuVI nUM prwieAw Dn Aqy muMfy nUM cMgI cIz ikhw jWdw

smwjk krm kWf is`K smwjk jIvn iv`c hOlI hOlI sUKm qrIky nwl

hY[ sp`St hY ik jy muMfw cMgI cIz hY qW kuVI bgYr ikhW hI mMdI cIz184

ip`Cly drvwzy rwhIN pRvyS hoxy SurU ho gey sn[ Anyk jpujI tIikAw iv`c

dy ^wny pY jWdI hY[ bcpn qoN hI lVkI mn iv`c hIxqw dI ^O&nwk Bwvnw

SwsqRI ivigAwn dIAW DwrnwvW qUV qUV ky BrIAW peIAW hn[ CupI

lY ky v`fI huMdI hY[ ieh Bwvnw swrI aumr leI aus vwsqy duKdweI ho

hoeI Bwvnw ieh sI ik ivdvwn ihMdUAW nUM ieh XkIn Awvy ik gurmuKI dy

in`bVdI hY [185 ieh vI bdiksmqI hY ik AOrqW Awp vI ieh hwlq

gRMQ ihMdU SwsqrW Aqy ismrqIAW dy AnukUL hn (inrukq sRI gurU gRMQ

184

so ikauN mMdw AwKIAY ijqu jMmih rwjwn ](pMnw 473)

swihb -fwktr blbIr isMG pMjwbI XUnIvristI 1972 pMnw 8) keI

The Socialization of girls within the family is in keeping with the life long role of subservience and self-efacement that women are expected to play They are looked upon
as transitory members of the family and learn to appreciate the fact that they are a
liability and do not have the same rights as their brothers to the family resources greater
limits and prohibitions are put on the female childs freedom of association, communication and contacts.(Silver Shackles by Mukhopadhyay Aitrayee Oxford 1984)

ivdvwn qW hux q`k iehI prcwrdy Awey hn ik gurmq qy vydWq isDWqk

157

158

185

rUp iv`c ie`k hI hn[ Kws krky inrmly ivdvwn ies p`K dy vDyry prswrI
hn[ (gurmq ivcwr Dwrw-Bgq hIrw isMG nYSnl buk Swp pMnw 58)
ies hwlq dy kwrn l`Bx leI dUur nhIN jwxw pYNdw[ ATwrvIN sdI

dOrwn pMjwb iv`c hPVw dPVI dw mwhOl sI[ is`K gurU swihbwn v`loN SurU

ivDvw ivAwh krny SurU kr id`qy Aqy sqI au~pr rok lw id`qI qW ihMdU

kIqy suDwr Aqy AsUl pUrI qrHW jVH nhIN pkV sky ikauNik is`KW dy isrW

pujwrIAW ny bVI hwey qObw mcweI [188 bdiksmqI nwl is`K sMklpW nUM nw

dy mu`l pY rhy sn Aqy auh Awpxy bcw leI j`do jihd kr rhy sn[ aunHW

qW cMgI qrHW smiJAw igAw Aqy nw hI ieMnHW qy pUrI qrHW Aml hI hoieAw[

nUM Awpxy Gr bwr iqAwg ky jMglW qy rygsqwnW iv`c Srn lYxI peI[ aunHW

nqIjy dy qOr qy is`K smwj Awpxy smwijk Aqy Dwrimk smwgmW iv`c

dIAW Dwrimk sMsQwvW dI dyK Bwl ihMdU hI kr rhy sn qy auh ihMdU rsmW

izAwdw qr ihMdU smwijk rsmW rvwjW qoN hI syD lYNdw irhw[ gurU rwm dws

irvwjW Aqy pUujw pwT bwry hI is`KSw idMdy rhy[

jI v`loN ihMdU irvwjW qoN v`Krw is`K ivAwh (AwnMd kwrj) SurU kIqw igAw

1799 eI: iv`c is`KW ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI kmwn hyT is`K rwj
dI sQwpnw kIqI Aqy lgBg 50 swl s`qw iv`c rhy[ ies smyN is`KI dIAW
jVHW mzbUq ho jwxIAW cwhIdIAW sn[ pr bdiksmqI nwl ies dOrwn vI
mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny hor hor ielwky ij`qx v`l hI Awpxw iDAwn
kyNdrq krI r`iKAw Aqy Dwrimk jW smwijk suDwrW v`l koeI iDAwn nw
id`qw[

186

auh Kud AnpVH sI Aqy Awpxy ihMdU slwhkwrW dy aupdyS mMn ky

hr mhIny 50 bRwhmxW nUM Bojn krwauNdw sI,187 qy hr swl gMgw ieSnwn

krn jWdw sI[ 1806 iv`c auh ihMdUAW dy sB qoN v`D piv`qr AsQwn ktws
rwj qy ieSnwn krn igAw[ auh juAwlw muKI vrgy qIrQW qy vI igAw[ ie`QoN
q`k ik aus dI mOq vyly vI goibMd rwm bRwhmx dy kihx qy aus ny AMqly swhW
nwl rwm rwm ikhw jd ik aus dy m`Qy au~pr gIqw r`KI hoeI sI [ aus
vyly aus dy kihx qy 250 mx iGau jvwlw muKI ByijAw igAw[
is`K Drm ij`Qy Awqimk aunMqI dw rwh ivKwauNdw hY au~Qy smwijk
burweIAW dy ivru`D vI Gol krdw hY[ ieiqhws gvwh hY ik jdoN is`KW ny
186

Ranjit Singh used Sikhism for tactical purposes. His commitment to the faith of
his birth was only skin deep. (The Sikhs in History by Dr.Sangat Singh). On his birth
and death both Hindu and Sikh ceremonies were performed. Even the heartless ceremony of Sati, so strictly forbidden by the Gurus, was performed at his death. A
pathetic description of the burning of his living queens has been given by a French
eyewitness John Martin Honigbeger ( Philosophy of Sikhism By Dr. Sher Singh)

sI[ 1604 qoN bwAd is`K ivAwh is`K rsmW Anuswr hoxw cwhIdw sI ijs
bwry BweI mnI isMG jI ny Bgq rqnwvlI iv`c spSt iliKAw sI, AnMd

ibnw ibAwh nw kry[ 1883 iv`c Kwlsw dIvwn dy pRDwn bwbw Kym isMG bydI
ny sgoN ivAwh Aqy mrg dIAW rsmW ihMdU rIqIAW Anuswr krdy rihx dy
AwdyS id`qy[ 13 mwrc 1855 nUM bwbw idAwl inrMkwrI dy cyly drbwrw isMG
ny AnMd kwrj krvwauxy AwrMB kIqy Aqy pihlw ivAwh BweI Bolw isMG Aqy
bIbI inhwlI dw AnMd kwrj rwhIN kIqw igAw[ is`K pujwrIAW ny bwbw
drbwrw isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW nUM nwsqk Aqy piqq kih ky pMQ iv`coN
k`F idqw[ drbwrw isMG horW ny gurbwxI dIAW AnykW imswlW id`qIAW pr
pujwrIAW dy kMnW qy jUM q`k nw ih`lI[ drbwrw isMG ny hyT iliKAw qRIkw cwlU
kIqw[ (Aijhy ivAwhW leI 1856 iv`c hukmnwmw sRI AkwlpurK jI kw ilK
ky vMifAw igAw sI)
1. jM\ gurU gRMQ swihb dI bIV mgr Sbd pVHdI hoeI lwVI dy Gr pujdI
sI[
2. nwc, gwaux Srwb pIx Aqy gMdIAW rsmW dI mnwhI sI[
3. AOrqW is`TxIAW jW gMdy gwixAW dI QW Sbd gwauNdIAW sn[
4. koeI hor rsm mnHW sI[ dwj dhyj lYx qy pwbMdI sI[
15 ApRYl 1861 nUM drbwr swihb AMimRqsr Aqy Akwl qKq v`loN
Aijhw ivAwh AMimRqsr ivKy krn dI ivroDqw kIqI geI Aqy ivAWdVH

prm mMMfl iv`c 100 bRhmxw nUM Bojn CkwieAw jWdw sI [ mhwrwjy dy mrn auprMq vI ieh rsm cwlU
rhI[ mhwrwxI ijMdW ieh swrw kuJ krdI rhI[ jdoN AMgRyz rYzIfYNt ny ieh rsmW bMd krvweIAW qW
mhwrwxI ny ie`k s^q ic`TI 9.6.1847 nUM rYzIfYNt nUM ilKI[ seIAd vhId-au-dIn AwpxI pusqk
Real Ranjit Singh iv`c ilKdw hY ik mhwrwjy ny koh-ey-nUr hIrw jgn nwQ purI dy mMdr nUM Bytw
krn dw mn bxw ilAw sI pr kuJ isAwixAW ny aus nuM rok id`qw[ (See Centenary celebrations
committee report Cawnpore Page 136-137)

rxjIq isMG dI icqw qy 4 rwxIAW Aqy pMj dwsIAW sqI hoeIAW [ rwxI eISr kOr nUM bRwhmxW v`loN
mjbUr kr ky sqI krvwieAw igAw[ ip`CoN KVk isMG dI mOq vyly vI aus dIAW rwxIAW sqI hoeIAW[
nOinhwl isMG dIAW vI do rwxIAW sqI hoeIAW [ 1843 iv`c mhwrwjw Syr isMG dI mOq vyly Pyr sqI dI
rsm pUurI kIqI geI[ sqI is`K Drm iv`c mnHW hY[

159

160

187

joVy (BweI bUtw isMG Aqy bIbI mIrW dyvI) nUM drbwr swihb iv`c Awaux qoN
188

mnwhI kIqI geI[ ieh ivAwh Twkr idAwl isMG dy fyry iv`c krnw ipAw[

JolI vIr iKfw mMnqW mMgdI AW[ ie`k qrHW nwl lVkIAW dw jMmxw ie`k

sB gurdvwirAW dy pujwrIAW Aqy ihMdU mhMqW Awidk vloN swry pMjwb iv`c

boJ Aqy Srm ijhI vwlI g`l bx geI sI[ puUrbI pMjwb iv`c ksIr Aqy

hwhwkwr mcw id`qI geI[ Aijhy ivAwhW iv`coN pYdw hoey b`icAW nUM hrwmI

A`k dw du`D Aidk sMG iv`c pwky jMmdI lVkI nUM mwr id`qw jWdw sI[ ku`J

grdwinAw igAw[ nwBy iv`c AijhI ie`k brwq nUM ipMf dy ihMdU Aqy is`KW ny

ipMfW iv`c rsm sI ik guV ctw ky ieh gIq gwauxw qy sMGI Gu`t dyxI,

ipMf iv`c nw vVn id`qw Aqy ku`t ky Bjw id`qy[ 1909 iv`c Anand Marriage

guV KweIN qy pUxI G`qIN , Awp nw AweIN vIrW nUM G`qIN[ AxpVHqw kwrn gurU

Act pws hox q`k vI ihMdU Pyry krky hI is`K ivAwh huMdy rhy[ Aijhy ivroD

swihbwn dI is`iKAw ipMfW q`k nw puhMuc skI Aqy jd kwnUMn bxn aupRMq

dy vwbjUd vI mhwrwjw irpdumx isMG ny ieMpIrIAl lYijslyitv kONsl

SihrW iv`c ieh kukrm iF`lw pY igAw qW vI ieh ipMfW iv`c kwPI dyr q`k

iv`c Anand Marriage Bill pyS kr id`qw Aqy imMto mwrly rIPwrm ADIn

sRINd jw luk iCp ky cwlU irhw[

ieh ibl 30 AkqUbr 1908 nUM pws ho ky 22 AkqUbr 1909 nUM AYkt
bixAw[

189

jdoN bwbw rwm isMG ny bIbIAW nUM brwbr dw drjw dy ky AMimRq

Ckwauxw SurU kIqw qW drbwr swihb AMimRqsr vloN ies dI ft ky vroDqw

lVkIAW nUM jMmidAw hI mwrn dw rvwj swry Bwrq iv`c hI sI pRMqU gurU

kIqI geI Aqy n&rq nwl bwbw rwm isMG nMU znwnIAW dw k`Cw ikhw

jI ny ies dI Awpxy is`KW nUM s^q mnwhI kr id`qI sI[ ies dy bwvjUd vI

jwx l`g ipAw[ AijhI mu^wlPq dy bwvjUd bwbU qyjw isMG ny 1902 iv`c

ieh rvwj is`KW iv`c cwlU irhw[ hor qW hor mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ijs ny

cIP Kwlsw dIvwn Aqy 1907 iv`c pMc Kwlsw dIvwn bxw ky lVkIAW nUM

ies rsm nUM kwnUMn bMd krnw sI Awp ies rog dw iSkwr irhw[ mhwrwjy

KMfy dw AMimRq Ckw ky isMGxIAW bxwauxw AwrMB kr id`qw[ lVkIAW leI

dw Awpxw pu`qr dlIp isMG SwhdI Brdw hY ik aus ny AwpxIAW jMmdIAW

skUL KolHy gey Aqy byAMq swihq gurmq dI ivAwiKAw leI iqAwr kIqw

BYxW nUM bory iv`c pwky dirAw iv`c s`uitAw jWdw Awp dyiKAw sI [

igbsn

igAw[ keI muslmwn mrd Aqy AOrqW vI AMimRq Ck ky isMG sjy pr

AwpxI pusqk Lawrences of the Punjab dy pMnw 124 qy ilKdw hY ik bydI

SRomxI kmytI ny bwbU qyjw isMG nUM k`uJ iviSAW qy isDWqk ivroD kwrn

kuVIAW mwrn iv`c sB qoN A`gy sn[ jOn lwrYNs ny bydIAW dy AwgU nUM bulw ky

is`KI iv`coN Kwrj kr id`qw[

190

ikhw ik jW qW lVkIAW mwrn dy ivru`D is`KW nUM hukm jwrI kry nhIN qW aus
dI jwiedwd zbq kr leI jwvygI[ aus ny jwiedwd zbq krvw leI pr
lVkIAW mwrn ivru`D hdwieqW nw id`qIAW[ 1849 dI AYfminstrySn
rIport Anuswr kuVIAW ies leI mwrIAW jWdIAW sn ikauNik ienHW leI
dwj iqAwr krnw pYNdw sI[ mulqwn Aqy JMg iv`c nOjvwn kuVIAW jMf dy
dr^q kol jwky mMgdIAW huMdIAW sn, jMfI dy drbwr joqW jgdIAW, myrI
ies dy Sbd ieh sn: All marriages which may be, or may have been duly solemnized according to the Sikh marriage ceremony called Anand shall be deemed to
have been ,with effect from date of solemnization of each respectively,good and valid
in law (Anand Marriage Act 1909 Article 2)
189

190

isMG sBw lihr dy AwrMB hox qoN bwAd Aqy BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dI
pusqk hm ihMdU nhIN (1897) Cpx auprMq hwlwq iv`c suDwr Awauxw
SurU hoieAw[ BweI vIr isMG dIAW pusqkW suMdrI, sqvMq kOr ibjY isMG
Aqy bwbw nOD isMG ny kwPI suDwr ilAWdw[ isMG sBw ny sB gurdvwirAW
iv`coN mUrqIAW cukvw id`qIAW Aqy byeImwn, lcr Aqy duSt ihMdU pujwrIAW
h`QoN gurdvwry Awzwd krvw ley Aqy pRbMD SRomxI kmytI nUM sMBwilAw[ pr
ies iv`c S`k nhIN ik hux q`k vI keI hwlqW iv`c is`K jgq ihMdU Drm
dy ADIn hI rsmW rIqW krI jw irhw hY[ is`K iesqRIAW, Kws kr ky
AnpVH is`K iesqRIAW, Ajy vI ihMdU irvwjW qoN vDyry pRyrq hn Aqy BwrqI

Maharaja Dalip Singh, the son of Ranjit Singh,said that he had actually seen when
he was a child at Lahore,his sisters put into a sack and thrown into the river.(Main
currents of Indian History By Majumdar and P.N. Chopra p.224)

tI- vI hr roz ienHW rsmW, vihmW, pwKMfW nMU idRVH krvwaux iv`c puUrw

161

162

rol inBw irhw hyY[

cMgw nhIN[ iv`idAw qW pMjwb iv`c auNJ hI bVI dyr bwAd AweI sI pr ies

11.2 iv`idAw dI Gwt

iv`idAw kyvl ividAwrQI dw idmwZ hI rOSn nhIN krdI, ieh aus
AMdr ivSvwS, AwrQk AwzwdI, igAwn Aqy AkWiKAw (Ambition) nUM vI
pRPulq krdI hY[ ienHW qoN ielwvw ieh rwjsI sUJ, sihnSIlqw Aqy smwj
syvw bwry cyqMnqw ilAwauNdI hY[ piVHAw iliKAw ivAkqI smwj syvk bnx
dw vI Xqn krdw hY[ (ividAw vIcwrI qW praupkwrI] (pMnw 356)[
lVkIAW dI iv`idAw bwry qW hux ieh AKwx hI bx igAw hY ik, qusIN ie`k
lVkI nUM pVHwauNdy ho qW swry pirvwr nUM hI pVHw idMdy ho[
Sbd is`K dw AKrI ArQ hY is`Kxw jW is`Kx vwlw(ividAwrQI)[
ies leI ikhw jw skdw hY ik is`K hmySw leI iv`idAwrQI hY Aqy ies
nUM hmySw Awpxy igAwn iv`c vwDw krdy rihxw cwhIdw hY[ is`K gurU swihbwn
ny aupdyS id`qw ik igAwn suqMqrqw ilAwauNdw hY Aqy suqMqrqw ivkws dw
rwh p`Drw krdI hY[ ies leI is`K vwsqy mwnis`k Su`Dqw, suhjvwd, bOiDkqw
Aqy jIvn AwdRS dI sp`Stqw leI iv`idAw pRwpqI AiqAMq zrUrI hY[ gurUu
jI kihMdy hn, mn smJwvn kwrny kCUAk pVIAY igAwn (pMnw 340)[ is`K
leI A`Kr boD pRwpq krnw ie`k v`fw Prz hY ikauNik AKrI nwmu AKrI
swlwh, AKrI igAwnu gIq gux gwh ] (pMnw4)[ A`Kr boD ibnW duinAwvI
Aqy AiDAwqimk igAwn dI pRwpqI AsMBv hY[ kysr isMG iC`br qW ilKdy
hn ik jy Sbd nwl nw juVy qW bMdw is`KI nwloN tu`t jWdw hY[ SbdoN muVy is`KIEN
muVy, ByK is`KI dw Dry (bMswvlI nwmw)[ so sMswrk mu`FlI iv`idAw dy nwl
nwl is`K nUM piv`qR Sbd v`l iDAwn dyx pRqI vI gurU jI dw sp`St hukm
hY , is`KI isiKAw gur vIcwr] (pMnw 465)[ BweI gurdws jI iesy vIcwr
nUM hor spSt krdy ilKdy hn, gurmuK Sbd vIcwr s`c kmwieAw] (vwr
19.12) bdiksmqI nwl is`KI dy ies p`K v`l lOVINdw iDAwn nhIN id`qw
igAw[ is`K Awpxy b`icAW, Kws krky lVkIAW nUM kwPI Arsw iv`idAw nhIN
dy sky Aqy is`KI prcwr nUM vI kwPI icr AxgOilAw krI r`iKAw[ b`cy Drm
bwry loVINdI jwxkwrI qoN vWJy rihMdy rhy[
lMmy smyN q`k iv`idAw kyvl mrdW dI hI AzwrydwrI (Monopoly) rhI
hY[ Awm Dwrxw ieh rhI hY (keI QweIN Ajy vI hY) ik kuVIAW nUM pVHwauxw
163

rucI ny lVkIAW dI iv`idAw hor vI lyt kr id`qI[ Bwrq dI AMgRyzI srkwr

dI nIqI pihlW BwrqIAW nUM AnpVH r`Kx dI sI[ BwrqIAW iv`c vI iv`idAw
pRwpqI dI rucI G`t hI sI[ iehI kwrn hY ik jd 1849 iv`c mYiQaUn nW dw
kwlj KoilHAw igAw qW ies iv`c kyvl 60 iv`idAwrQI hI dw^l hoey Aqy
auh vI mu`FlI pVHweI leI[
1850 iv`c mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pu`qr dlIp isMG nUM eIsweI bxw
ilAw igAw Aqy pMjwb dI AMgRyzI srkwr ny ivcwr bxwieAw ik is`KW nUM
pMjwbI pVHweI rwhIN eIsweI bxwauxw sOKw hY[ ies mqlb leI aunHW nUM
nwdwn mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dw sihXog iml igAw[ lOrf Aqy lyfI logn
(ijnHW koL dlIp isMG rihMdw sI) ny dlIp isMG qoN ie`k vsIAq au~pr
dsq^q krvw ley[ ies vsIAq rwhIN pMjwb iv`clI jwiedwd dw qIjw
ihsw mhwrwjy dy irSqydwr iSvdyv isMG nUM id`qw igAw Aqy bwkI dw swrw
pYsw Aqy jwiedwd pMjwb iv`c eIsweI Drm dy prcwr au~pr Krc krn
leI id`qw igAw[ (Read: Lady Logans recollection,camp and court
life 1916)[ ies qrHW is`KW dIAW j`uqIAW is`KW dy hI isr mwrn dI skIm
bxw leI geI[ dlIp isMG imSnrI kMmW leI Aqy eIsweI skUlW leI KulHy
idl nwl gRWtW dyx l`g ipAw[ ausy smyN kpUrQly dw mhwrwjw eIsweI ho
igAw Aqy ieh kMm aus ny vI AwrMB kr id`qw [ aus ny kpuUrQly iv`c ie`k
eIsweI imSn vI cwlU kr id`qw Aqy aus dw BqIjw kMvr hwkm isMG eIsweI
bx ky ies pwsy qnidhI nwl prcwr iv`c jut igAw[ AMimRqsr,
lhOr,pSwvr, kSmIr, fyrw ZwzI KW, hYdrwbwd Aqy krwcI iv`c eIsweI
imSn skUl KolHy gey[ ie`k eIsweI imSn idAwl isMG mjITIAw ny Awp
jgw ^RId ky SurU krvw id`qw [ AMimRqsr dy imSnrI skUL ny jd AwieAw
isMG, Aqr isMG swDU isMG Aqy sMqoK isMG Awidk iv`idAwrQIAW nUM eIsweI
bxwieAw qW is`KW dIAW kuMB krnI A`KW vI KulHIAW[ is`K prcwr iv`c juty
Aqy CyqI hI ienHW cOhW iv`idAwrQIAW nUM muV is`K sjw ilAw igAw[
ifptI kimSnr imstr sWfrz vloN 1851 iv`c AMimRqsr iv`c
gurmuKI pVHwaux leI ie`k skUl KoilHAw igAw[ ieh skUl drbwr swihb
164

dy nyVy is`K rwj vyly dy ie`k Qwxy dI iemwrq iv`c KoilHAw igAw[ ies dw

hoieAw Aqy pMjwb dw pihlw gurmuKI skUL 1880 eI: nUM lwhOr iv`c KoilHAw

hYfmwstr ie`k AMgRyz sI[ ies skUl iv`c dwKl hox vwly 65% iv`idAwrQI

igAw[ ies vyly jrmn ivdvwn fwktr trMp ie`ko ie`k p`CmI ivdvwn sI

ZYr-is`K sn ijnHW nUM eIsweI prcwr leI iqAwr kIqw jwxw sI[ ies

ijs ny pMjwbI dI pVHweI krvwaux leI qwx lwieAw BwvyN ik is`K Drm nUM

skUL bwry is`KW iv`c bhuq crcw iCVI Aqy AMq 1859 iv`c is`KW ny ies

glq ivAwiKAw dy rwh pwaux vwlw vI ieho hI sI[ hux pMjwbI dI pVHweI

nUM bMd krvw ky dm ilAw[ ies qoN ip`CoN 1877 iv`c imstr lweItnr ny

SurU ho geI Aqy QoVHy icr bwAd pMjwb iv`idAw ivBwg ny vI pMjwbI dy ivSy

ErIAYNtl kwlj lhOr SurU kIqw qy ies iv`c ie`k klws SurU kIqI geI ijs

dI pVHweI pRvwx kr leI[

dw nW r`iKAw igAw BweI klws[ ies iv`c srkwr dy JolI-cu`k pujwrIAW

Aqy mhMqW dy 17 lVky dw^l kIqy gey[ inSwnw pMjwbI pVHwauxw nhIN sI[
ies iv`c gurU gRMQ swihb dI pVHweI SurU krvweI geI[ inSwnw ieh sI ik
Awpxy FMg nwl gurbwxI ivgwV ky pujwrI iqAwr krky eIsweI rMg nwl
rMigAW is`K Drm pujwrIAW rwhIN hI pRcwirAw jwvy[ is`KW v`loN fyirAw iv`c
gurmuKI dI pVHweI dy pRbMD kIqy gey pr srkwr ny Drm-ArQ gRWtW jo
fyirAW nUM rxjIq isMG vyly qoN imldIAW sn bMd kr id`qIAW ijs kwrn
ieh skUL vI bMd ho gey[ keI QwvW qy fyry vI sQwnk lokW qoN Koh ley gey[
ies smyN dI ie`ko ie`k au~c p`DrI sMsQw isMG sBw sI jo 1873 eI: iv`c
SurU hoeI sI[ ies dy sMcwlk bwbw Kym isMG bydI sn[ BwvyN auh Awpxy Awp
nUM gurU nwnk swihb dw auqrwiDkwrI khwauNdw sI pr jnyaU pihndw sI Aqy
ihMdU sBw soswietIAW dI pRDwngI vI krdw sI[ pVHy ilKy is`K aus nUM n&rq
krdy sn pr Awm qbkw, ijs dI igxqI vDyry sI ,aus dy mgr sI[ jd
KuSiksmqI nwl ipRMs cwrls ny Kwlsw kwlj AMimRqsr nUM ^wlsw XuUnIvristI
bxwaux iv`c rucI idKweI qW bwby dy cyilAW ny soty c`uk ley[ gvrnr nUM ipRMs
dw AMimRqsr dw dOrw kYNsl krnw ipAw[ is`KW dy ies byvkUP rveIey ivru`D
^wlsw kwlj dy ipRMsIpl imstr vwdn ny vI ros vjoN AsqIPw dy id`qw[
ipRMs ny pMjwb iv`c dwL nw gldI dyK ky AlIgVH musilm kwlj nUM AlIgVH
musilm XUnIvristI bxw id`qw[ (pUrI jwxkwrI leI pVHo Drm dy nW qy
pMnw 59 ieMdr isMG G`Gw)[ CyqI hI isMG sBw dw vI Bog pY igAw[ ies dy
do tukVy ho gey isMG sBw lhOr Aqy isMG sBw AMimRqsr [ ieh ie`k dUjy nwl
hI JgiVAW iv`c ru`J gey[

is`K lVkIAW leI pihlw skUl kMinAw mhWividAwlw sI jo srdwr

qKq isMG Aqy aus dI pqnI bIbI hrnwm kOr ny 1892 iv`c &Irozpur SurU
kIqw[ ies qoN bwAd 1909 iv`c bwbU qyjw isMG BsOV ny iv`idAw BMfwr
AwSrm SurU kIqw[ CyqI hI bwAd 1914 iv`c srdwr inhwl isMG (prqwp
isMG kYroN dy ipqw jI) ny Awpxy ipMf iv`c BujMgx AwSRm SurU kr id`qw[ ies
qoN bwAd bwbw ^ym isMG bydI ny lgBg 50 skUl v`Ko v`Kry QwvW qy SurU
krvwey[ 5 mwrc 1892 nUM ^wlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dI nINh r`K id`qI geI
ijs iv`c 1896 qoN klwsW l`gx l`g peIAW[
hux bIbIAW vI pMjwbI pVHx is`Kx l`g geIAW Aqy aunHW ny 1924 iv`c
pihlI kwnPRMs (Sikh Ladies Conference) kIqI Aqy keI rswly pMjwbI
iv`c SurU kr id`qy[ ienHW iv`coN ku`J ieh sn. iesqRI siqsMg (1904), pMjwbI
BYx (1907), iesqrI suDwr p`qrkw (1914), BujMgx (1917) Aqy iesqrI
jIvx (1923) [ ies qrHW is`K AOrqW dy suDwr iv`c ie`k lihr hI cl peI[
igAwnI hIrw isMG drd Aqy bIbI ieMdrjIq kOr vloN clwey PulvwVI
prcy ny AOrqW dI jwgRqI leI byh`d syvw kIqI[ ieh AOrqW dy h`k iv`c ft
ky ilKdy rhy[ ie`k vwr ienHW iliKAw, lwhxq hY aunHW lokW au`pr ijhVHy
ies sugMDq PulvwVI nUM nrk-duAwrI AwK ky inMddy hn[ auh ik`fy inrdeI
qy AikRqGx hn ijhVy eys PulvwVI qoN hI jMmdy hn, ies dI im`TI pRymsugMDI Aqy TMFI CW iv`c pldy hn pr Pyr v`fy hoky iesy nUM ju`qI brwbr jwnx
lg pYNdy hn[ 1929 iv`c jw ky hI pihlI bIbI ( divMdr kOr gryvwl) ny
pMjwb XUnIvristI qoN mnoivigAwn iv`c AYm-ey dI ifgrI pRwpq kIqI[ lMmw
smW AxgOly jwx kr ky Ajy vI kyvl 20% lVkIAW hI hweI skUL q`k

isMG sBw lhOr dy XqnW nwl 1877 iv`c ErIAYNtl kwlj lwhOr SurU
165

phuMcdIAW hn Aqy aus qoN vI G`t XUnIvristI pu`jdIAW hn[

166

1917 iv`c pMc ^wlsw dIvwn dy bwbU qyjw isMG ny pMjwb srkwr kol

ie`k gwL huMdI sI pr A`j klH muMnI Ku`QI PYSn bx igAw hY[ kdI kdweIN

mMg r`KI ik pMjwbI BwSw nUM srkwrI boLI GoSq kIqw jwvy Aqy ies dI vrqoN

hI kuVIAW Awpxw isr FkdIAW hn Aqy cuuMnI kyvl gulUbMd dy qOr qy vrqI

AdwlqW iv`c SurU kIqI jwvy[ ies mMg dI proVHqw is`KW vloN nw hox kr ky

jWdI hY[ kpVy AYsy pihny jWdy hn ijnHW iv`cIN srIr dw hr AMg idsdw

ies bwry srkwr cu`p rhI[

rhy[ jIn, tOplYs,imfI,bYklYs Aqy ibnW bwhvW vwlIAW sYksI frYsW ny

11.3 kwnMUn iv`c brwbrI

swaU slvwr kmIz nUM D`ky mwr ky bwhr k`F C`ifAw hY[ slvwr kmIz pwaux

Bwrq srkwr ny 1991 dw swl bwlkw vrHy vjoN mnwaux dw AYlwn

kIqw pr ies nwl lVkIAW dI hwlq iv`c koeI Prk ipAw nzr nhIN
AwieAw[ sMsd iv`c AOrqW leI rwKvIAW sItW dI g`l c`lI qW vI sMsd
dy mYNbrW ny bwr bwr AsPl kr id`qI[ ieh g`l zrUr mwx vwlI hY ik
SRomxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI ny AOrqW leI 30% syvwvW rwKvIAW kr
id`qIAW hn Aqy ilMg AwDwrq nwbrwbrI dI zordwr inKyDI vI kIqI hY[
bIbI jgIr kOr nUM SRomxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw prDwn bxw ky SRomxI
kmytI ny hor vI nwmxw K`itAw hY[
kwnUMn Anuswr iesqRIAW nMU kwnUMn iv`c brwbrI Aqy kMm kwr iv`c

brwbrI dy AiDkwr pRwpq hn pRMqU smwj dI mwniskqw iv`c AOrqW pRqI

p`Kpwq smwpq krn leI Ajy hor bhuq ku`J krn dI loV hY[ iv`idAk
mwihr, pRSwSk Aqy Dwrimk nyqwvW dy rUp iv`c swnUM G`to G`t 50%
iesqRIAW vyKx nUM imlxIAW cwhIdIAW hn[ is`K gurU swihbwn vloN
idRStIgocr Swndwr AwdrS iesqRIAW dy sunihrI Biv`K iv`c pRdrSq
hoxw cwhIdw hY[
11.4

vwlIAW nUM pCVIAW hoeIAW smiJAw jWdw hY[ is`K iesqRIAW ZyYr-is`KW
nwl ivAwh krvwaux qoN vI sMkoc nhIN krdIAW[ ifsko Aqy niSAW dy
syvn ny is`K Drm dy pRMprwgq ivhwr dI QW lY leI hY[
iksy smyN cirqR-hIx SwSk suhxIAW kuVIAW nUM Awpxy swhmxy ncw ky
AwpxIAW kwmuk pRivrqIAW auBwrdy sn[ hux iezqdwr pirvwrW dIAW
kuVIAW Awp bMbeI jw ky jMqw nUM ^uS krn leI A`D-nMgIAW ho ky n`cdIAW
hn[ hr swl AOrq dy srIr dI numwieS krvwaux dy cwhvwn DnwF suMdrqw
mukwbly krvwauNdy hn[ pYsy vwlIAW AMqRrwStRI kMpnIAW ims vrlf
mukwbilAW dy prdy iv`c iesqRIAW dw SoSn krdIAW hn[ hux ieh mukwbly
ipMf p`Dr Aqy skUlW kwljW iv`c vI pu`j gey hn[ mwfilMg ie`k hor nvW
ik`qw SurU ho igAw hY jo bhuqIAW kuVIAW nUM AwkriSq krdw hY[ iPlmI
DnwF vI ip`Cy nhIN[ auh kuVIAW dy gLYmr dw SoSn krky kroVW rupeIAW
iv`c Kyf rhy hn[ gwaux qy n`cx vwly AdwirAW ny ilMgk Ku`lW nUM crm sImw
q`k phuMcw id`qw hY[ bhuq G`t kuVIAW nUM Gr dy pRMprwgq kMmW bwry jW
shuirAW dy Gr Apxwey jwx vwly inXmW bwry jwxkwrI hY[ isgrtnoSI Aqy
bilaU iPlmW dyKxw kuVIAW dw SuZl bxdw jw irhw hy[

vrqmwn ruJwn

ku`J iesqRIAW sUrj gRihx Awidk vrgIAW kudrqI KyfW nUM bhuq v`fw

ieh g`l APsosnwk hY ik Ajy vI bhuq swrIAW AnpVH is`K znwnIAW

Bwr jW ^qrw smJdIAW hn[ AnykW Ajy vI bRwhmxw nUM jW aunHW rwhIN Awpxy

Awpxy Drm dy AsUlW pRqI jwgrUk nhIN hn[ ie`k Akwl purK dI pUjw krn

pUrvjW nUM Bojn ByjdIAW hn[ eykwdSI, pUrnmwsI Awidk qy pUjw qW bhuqy

dI bjwey auh AnykW dyvI dyviqAW dI pUjw krdIAW hn Aqy AKwauqI sMqW

sMqW ny hlvw mWfw clwaux leI p`kI qrHW hI cwlU kr id`qI hoeI hY[ keI

nUM m`Qy tykx B`jdIAW hn[ is`K bIbIAW nUM gurdvwry iv`c mMjI swihb

iesqRIAW iksy dy inN`C mwrn jW ib`lI dy AigEN lMG jwx qy GroN bwhr nhIN

dy pwvy G`utidAW qW Awm hI vyiKAw igAw hY[ AnykW ny Awpxy n`k Aqy kMn

in`kldIAW[ keI hPqy dy ku`J idnW nUM cMgw jW mwVw smJdIAW hn[ jd q`k

ivMnHy hoey hn Aqy vrq r`KdIAW hn ijnHW dI is`K Drm iv`c mnwhI hY[

is`KW iv`c aupRokq sB ku`J huMdw rhygw is`KI pRPulq nhIN ho sky gI[

keIAW ny Awpxy isr hI munw C`fy hn[ iksy smyN iksy nUM mMunI Ku`QI kihxw
167

168

inAwsirAw nUM Awsrw dyx iv`c bIbI AmrjIq kOr (ShId srdwr

11.5 pirvrqn dI hvw

isMG sBw, BweI kwnH isMG, BweI vIr isMG Aqy pRo: gurmuK isMG vrgy
guris`KW vloN pYdw kIqw igAw sMvyg (Momentum) pUrI qrHW TMFw nhIN
hoieAw[ ies ny A`j vI keI AswDwrn bIbIAW pYdw kr id`qIAW hn ijnHW
ny is`K iesqRIAW dy au~Qwn leI bhuq cMgw kMm kIqw hY[ jdoN is`DvW Kurd
dI bIbI hrpRkwS kOr (1903-1965) dy pqI dI 1922 eI: iv`c mOq ho geI
qW aus ny Awpxw swrw iDAwn iv`idAw v`l lw id`qw[ ie`k Coty ijhy skUl
qoN SurU krky aus ny lVkIAW leI ie`k Awrts kwlj Aqy AiDAwpk
tryinMg kwlj q`k auswr id`qy[ 1957 qoN 1962 q`k auh pMjwb ivDwn sBw

POjw isMG dI pqnI) ny msIhw bx ky kMm kIqw hY[ AMqRrwStRI kudrqI

kRopIAW dy pIVqW dI syvw brimMGm dI bIbI blvMq kOr ny pUry idl nwl
kIqI hY[ Bgq puUrn isMG dI mOq qoN bwAd AMimRqsr dy ipMglvwVy dI sMBwl
bIbI fw: ieMdrjIq kOr kr rhI hY[ iesy qrHW BweI GneIAw lihr dI
bIbI pRkwS kOr inSkwm syvw iv`c m`lW mwr rhI hY[ jMmdIAW hI su`tIAW
hoeIAW b`cIAW nUM rUVIAW toiBAW Awidk qoN bcw ky pwlxw posxw krn dw
Ad`uqI kMm jlMDr dI bIbI pRkwS kOr kr rhy hn ijnHW ny AijhIAW b`cIAW
leI Unique Home nW dI sMsQw swQpq kIqI hoeI hY[

leI ivDwie`k rhy[ iesy smyN aunHW ny soSl vYlPyAr borf Aqy iesqRI

mweI Bwgo bRIgyf dy muKI fw: kulvMq kOr mweI Bwgo dI smrpx dI

mMqRImMfl iv`c AwpxI in`GI QW bxw leI[ 1958 iv`c auh rUs iv`c hoeI

Bwvnw Aqy is`KI nUM muV jwigRq krn iv`c srgrmI nwl r`uJy hoey hn[ fw:

SWqI kwnPRMs leI Bwrq dy pRqIinDI bx ky gey [ pdm SRI dw pRiqStq

bIbI muihMdr kOr dI is`K Drm SwSqr nUM dyx dI ijMnI pRSMSw kIqI jwvy

pdk lYx vwLI auh pihlI iesqRI sI[

QoVHI hY[ fw: auipMdrjIq kOr ny is`KI Aqy AwriQk ivkws bwry nvIn Aqy

ieh auqswh BrpUr g`l hY ik hux hor bhuq swrIAw bIbIAW aunHW dy
pd- icMnHW qy c`l ky nwmxw K`t rhIAW hn Aqy v`K v`K KyqrW iv`c kMm kr
rhIAw hn[ auh kvI, rwjsI nyqw, pyNtr, iv`idAk mwhr, pRSwSk,
fwktr, vkIl AiDAwpk Aqy p`qRkwr dy qOr qy Awpxw QW bxw rhIAW hn[
AMimRqw Syrigl ny AwpxIAW klw-ikrqW iv`c gUVHy rMg Bry ijnHW nUM hux
PUlW rwxI hor inKwr rhI hY[ kivqw iv`c Aqy aupinAws dy Kyqr iv`c
AMimRqw pRIqm ny nwmxw K`itAw hY[ aus ny 24 aupinAws, 15 khwxIAW dIAW
pusqkW Aqy 23 kivqw dIAW pusqkW ilK ky swihqk jgq nUM mwlw mwl
kr id`qw hY[ aunHW dy clwxy qy Bwrq dy rwStrpqI ny vI APsos zwhr
kIqw [191 auh rwj sBw dI mYNbr vI rhI Aqy aus ny pdm SRI dw pdk vI
pRwpq kIqw[ aus dw nwvl ipMjr PRWsIsI BwSw iv`c Anuvwd hoieAw qW
bhuq psMd kIqw igAw[ CyqI hI ausdI iPLm vI bxw leI geI[
191

AnUTy iv`cwr prgt kIqy hn[ gurmq iv`idAw dI mhwnqw nUM pRcwrn leI
bIbI mdnjIq kOr Aqy mohwlI dI fw: kuldIp kOr dw Xogdwn byh`d
mh`qvpUrx hY[ ieMgLYNf iv`c is`KI dw prcwr krn iv`c is`K nwrI mMc dI
muKI bIbI gurdyv kOr dw koeI swnI nhIN [ mnoivigAwn dy Kyqr iv`c bIbI
kYlwS purI jI ny ieMglYNf iv`c m`lW mwrIAW hn[
is`K lVkIAW KyfW iv`c vI pUrI idlcspI lY rhIAW hn[ bIbI bcn
kOr ig`l AwierlYNf dy nYSnl AwrcrI borf dI mYNbr hY Aqy sMswr p`Dr
dy mukwbilAW iv`c Bwg lYNdI hY[ is`K bIbIAW dIAW pRwpqIAW Aqy pyS
Awaux vwlIAW muSklW qy rOSnI pwaux leI trMto qoN bIbI romw kOr, dljIq
kOr Aqy ieSnwn kOr ny rl ky ie`k do BwSI mYgzIn kOr SurU kIqw hY[ ies
qoN ielwvw keI hor bIbIAW hor KyqrW iv`c srgrmI nwl kMm kr rhIAW
hn[ iPr vI is`K bIbIAW dI igxqI Anuswr bhuqIAW sMsQwvW nhIN hn[
BwvyN k`uJ bIbIAW Awpxy Awp bVI imhnq kr rhIAW hn pr in`gr pRwpqI

In her passing away, we have lost a visionary who could see future societal trends
reflected in her writings and poetry. Her writings often reflected her views on womens
emancipation and gender discrimination. In her writings and poetry we find seeds of
stable society in which women are empowered as equal partners in society.(Dr. Abdul
Kalam 31.10.2005)

leI srgrm sMsQwvW dI sQwpqI bhuq zrUrI hY[ auqswh dI Gwt, frU

169

170

suBw Aqy GOl ny is`K AOrqW nUM pCiVAW r`iKAw hY[ Aws kIqI jw skdI hY
ik is`K AOrqW nwbrwbrIAW au`pr ij`q pRwpq krngIAW, Awpxy Awp nUM

sMgTq krngIAW Aqy gurU swihbwn vloN b^Sy h`kW dI f`t ky mMg
krngIAW[ isrP AwpxI ihMmq nwl pRwpq kIqw mwx snmwn hI aunHW leI
Kwlsy dI AiDAwqimk, bhwdr Aqy AklmMd mYNbr bxn iv`c shwiek

Appendix

ho skdw hY[ smu`cI is`K kOm nUM vI Awpxy AMdr ie`k AMqrJwq mwr ky
inSicq kr lYxw cwhIdw hY ik kI AsIN kOmI p`Dr qy is`K AsUlW Anuswr
AwpxIAW DIAW BYxw nUM puUrx AiDkwr dy id`qy hoey hn[ ikDry ipdrm
sulqwn (myrw bwpU bwdSwh huMdw sI) vwlI g`l qW nhIN ?

iksy dyS dy lok gIq aus dyS dw AxiliKAw ieiqhws huMdy hn [ hyT
ilKy ku`J lok gIq gurU jI dy smyN qoN 19vIN sdI qk dy pMjwb dw ieiqhws
dsdy hn[ pwTk ienHW gIqW qoN AMdwzw lw skxgy ik swfIAW DIAW BYxW ny
ikMny Aqy ikho ijhy d`uK shwry jd ik aunHW dy pu`qr Aqy pqI jMglW bIAwbwnW
iv`c s`pW dIAW isrIAW im`Ddy jwnW vwr rhy sn Aqy mhIinAW b`DI Gr
nhIN sn AwauNdy [ A&sos hY ik ieh Aqy ieho ijhy hor gIq swfI byiDAwnI dw iSkwr ho ky ivsrdy jw rhy hn [ (dyKo pusqk dI m`d 5.10)
1

ik`Qy qUM GoVw bIiVAw isMG jI, ik`Qy dI Aw geI vy muihMm?

au`cy nUM GoVw bIiVAw nIN nwzo,mnW dIAW mn vy rhIAW ]
AMdroN qW k`F dy myry k`pVy nI nwzo gorIey,
ik`ilEN qW lwh dy nI ikrpwn, mnW dIAW mn vy rhIAW]
AMdroN nW dyvW qyry k`pVy vy isMGw vYrIAw
ik`ilEN nw lwhWgI ikrpwn, mnW dIAW mn vy rhIAW ]
dy dy nI dy dy myry k`pVy nwzo gorIey,
ieho hY swfw dsqUr mnW dIAW mn vy rhIAW ]

kIhny BYxy suixAW qy kIhny Awx suxwieAw

kIhdw qW rWJw isMG p`qxW qy AwieAw ] by hy
Bwbo dw rWJw isMG p`qxW qy AwieAw
cWdI dI byVI sony vMJ gfwieAw ] by hy
p`t dIAW lwsW ny isMG lMGwieAw
byVI qoN c`l isMG bwgy iv`c AwieAw ] by hy
mMigAw sI inMbU AsW AMb cupwieAw
mMigAw jW pwxI AsW du`D iplwieAw ] by hy
bwgy qoN quirAw mwhI mihlW nUM AwieAw
mMigAw sI muuUVHw AsW plMg iv`CwieAw, sIny nwl lwieAw ] by hy

171

172

Awp qW c`ilAW mwhI swnUM lw Jorw vy

ikq ivD ktUM mYN bwl vrys ] by hy
in`kw in`kw k`qxw im`Tw im`Tw bolxw
ro ro k`txI mYN bwl vrys ] by hy
s`s nUM mW qy shury nUM py smJIN nIN nwzo gorIey

gurU nwnk cYrItybl tr`st (riz.)

mu ` l Wpu r dwKw mM f I, izlH w lu i DAwxw, pM j wb
ieM f IAw v` l o N pR k wiSq pu s qkW dI sU c I

h`s h`s k`tI qUM bwl vrys ] by hy

s`s bxy mW nW, shurw bxy ipauy nW vy isMGw vYrIAw
ro ro k`txI mY bwl vrys ] by hy
nxd nUM BYx smJIN dyvr nUM vIr nI nwzo gorIey,
Xwd kr kr mYnMU k`tIN qUM bwl vrys ] by hy
nxdW nW BYxW bxn dyvr nW vIr bxdy vy isMGw vyrIAw
gurUu gurUu kr k`tMU mYN bwl vrys ] by hy
4

AwieAw sI rwqIN cVH sON igAw sbwqIN vy

sWJIAW nw kIqIAW cMnw idl dIAW bwqIN vy ] by hy
AwieAW mUMh hnyrHy qur c`ilAW svyry
kI hn AOgx myry isMGw d`s ky qW jweIN ] by hy
AOgx qW iv`c qyry gorIey bQyry nI
myry mgroN surmw ikauN pwieAw nIN nwzo gorIey ] by hy
s`q slweIAW qyrI BYx ny pweIAW vy
s`q slweIAW qyrI Bwbo ny vy vihmI FoilAw] by hy

1.

A brief Introduction to Sikhism

2.

Sikh Religion and Christianity

3.

Sikh Religion and Science

4.

Sikh Religion and Women

5.

Sikh Religion and Islam

6.

Panjab and Panjabi

7.

Concepts of Sikh Religion

8.

Sikh Marriage Ceremony

9.

Sikh Greetings

10.

A Challenge to Sikhism

11.

Sikh Religion and Hair

12.

is`K Drm qy eIsweI Drm

13.

pMcm pwqSwh dI ShIdI

ie`ko slweI doNh nYxI mYN pweI isMG jI

ieMglYNf iv`c ies pqy qy

jI. AYs. is`DU
116 vwlQm kloz,
AYby pwrk, vYst birzPorf,
noitMGm NG2 6LE
gssidhu30@yahoo.co.uk
tYlIPon: 01159819902

qYQoN qW frdI ny hMJUAW DuAweI vy ] by hy

5

jy qUM ciVHAW jMg nUM by nIly GoVy vwilAw

kdI supny `c Pyrw pw
myry hQoN nw l~QI mihMdVI vy nIly GoVy vwilAw
myry mno nw l`QVy vy cwA
bUhy qy inq aufIkdI vy nIly GoVy vwilAw
kdI Bu`l BulyKy Aw
AwausIAW pwauNdI Q~k geI AW vy nIly GoVy vwilAw
kdI bwgIN Pyrw pw [
173

174

175

176

177

178

hY ik PIs auh dy nhIN skdy Eqy dv`eI qoN EsmrQ hn |

s`fy bzurg :

gurU n`nk cYrItybl tr@st, (gurmiq Bvn)

mu@l~pur-d`K` mMfI (izlH` luiDE`x`)
syv` krq hoie inhk`mI, iqs kau hoq pr`piq suE`mI
(suKmnI s`ihb 1]18]) pMn` 286
jy s`ry sMs`r qy ie@k nzr m`rIey q~ bhuq syv`v~ dI ivl@Kx FMg
n`l loV hY | b@icE~ qoN lYky bzurg~ q@k Eijhy lok~ dI igxqI bySum`r hY
ijnH~ s`fI m@dd dI loV hY | s`fy n`loN G@t KuSiksmq lok~ dy duK~qklIP~ l~By krn dI bj`ie, E`A E`p~ Eijhy mOikE~ jI E`ieE~
E`KIey |
ijnH~ dI bdOlq prm`qm` ny s` aunH~ leI kuJ krn Eqy mihsUs
krn dI pRiqB` id@qI hY |
j` kY msqik B`g is syv` l`ieE` || (E`s` mhl` 5) pMn` 457
b@cy :- b@cy s`fI kOm d` Biv@K hn | auh k@l dy SihrI hn Eqy s`fIE~
pIVHIE~ E@gy lY j`x v`ly hn, jdoN EsIN nhIN rh~gy | so ieh s`f`
Prz hY ik aunH~ d` p`lx-poSx vDIE` FMg n`l krIey, aunH~ E@C` Bojn
dyeIey Eqy aunH~ pVH`eIey q~ ik auh pUrn mnu@K bx skx |
s`fy dyS iv@c s`Dn~ dI kmI krky sYNkVy b@cy bdiksmqI n`l mu@FlI
iv@idE` qoN v~Jy rih j~dy hn | ies qoN vI du@K dI g@l ieh hY ik bhuq
s`ry bu@DIm`n b@cy shI Egv`eI Eqy shUlq~ dy G`ty vjoN ip@Cy rih j~dy
hn | aunH~ isKl`eI shUlq~ dyx dy n`l n`l auhn~ Eijh` v`q`vrx
dyx` c`hId` hY, ijhV` ik auhn~ dy ivk`s iv@c sh`eI hovy q~ ik auh
v@D qoN v@D l`B pR`pq kr skx |
ie@Qy Eijhy lok vI hn jo do vkq d` K`x` K` ky j~ iPr ie@k v`rI K`
ky vI E`pxy E`p iksmq v`ly mMndy hn | Bojn dy n`l n`l auh ibm`rI
j~ jKmIN h`lq iv@c f`ktrI sh`ieq` j~ cikqs` auplBd nhIN krv`
skdy | E`pxy m~-b`p j~ b@icE~ ies h`lq iv@c q@kx~ ikn~ qrswog
179

s`fy bzurg auh lok hn ijMn~ ny jo s`fy leI bx`ieE`, EsIN aus d`
EnMd m`x rhy h~ | E`pxI ipClyrI aumr iv@c auh s`fy m`x siqk`r Eqy
sh`ieq` dy p`qr hn | pr ieh kihx iv@c koeI EiqkQnI nhIN ik aunH~
ExgOilE~ kIq` j~d` hY Eqy aunH~ dy hI nzdIkI irSqyd`r~ duE`r` aunH~
ie@k boJ smiJE` j~d` hY | ikauNik hr ie@k ny ie@k idn bu@Fy hox` hI
hY, ie@k n` ie@k idn ieh EvsQ` s`fy qy vI E`auxI hI hY, so loV hY ieh
mihsUs krn dI ik s`fy v@fy-vfyirE~ s`fy iDE`n Eqy syv` sMB`l dI
jrUrq hY Eqy s` aunH~ dIE~ muSikl~ smJx` c`hId` hY |
nS`KorI :nS`KorI ie@k sMs`r p@Dr dI cunoqI hY, Eqy loV hY ik EsIN Eijhy
lo k ~ qo N ErM B krIey ijhVy s`fI phu M c iv@ c hn | pM j `b iv@ c ieh
s@misE` ipMf~ iv@c bhuq hI gMBIr hY, K`s qor qy mzdUr~ Eqy ividE`rQIE~
iv@c | B`vyN koeI vI nS` hovy aus dI E`dq bhuq s`rIE~ ijMdgIE~,
pirv`r Eqy vMS~ d` n`S kr skdI hY | nS` Cf`aux` q~ hI pUrn mMinE`
j`vyg` jykr punr inv`s vI kIq` j`vy |
nOjv`n vrg d` niSE~ dy iv@c gulq`n hox` bhuq hI mMdB`g` hY,
ijhVy ik ie@k kOm dI qr@kI Eqy KuSh`lI d` kImqI srm`ieE` hn |
aunH~ dI EQ`h SkqI aus`rU kMm~ Eqy audyS~ dI pUrqI leI vriqE`
j`x` c`hId` hY | ies d` E`drSk qrIk` hY ik aunH~ ishqmMd SrIr
Eqy ishqmMd mn dy joV b`ry igE`n id@q` j`vy |
srIrk Eqy m`nisk EpMgq` :
srIrk Eqy m`nisk EpMgq` ie@k hor p@K hY ij@Qy s`fIE~ syv`v~ dI
bhuq loV hY | m`nisk qOr qy kmzor b@cy K`s qOr qy s`fy iDE`n Eqy
smJ dI mMg krdy hn |
mSInrI j~ sVk durGtn`v~ keI v`rI l@q-b~h qoN E`rI kr idMdIE~
hn, j~ iPr iksy dI rozI-rotI j~ Biv@K dy supny Koh lYNdIE~ hn | polIA
Eqy EDrMg qoN pRB`ivq b@cy j~ srIrk qOr qy EpMg b@cy sm`j Eqy
pirv`r qy boJ smJy j~dy hn | iehn~ mrIj~ leI K`s qrIky dI mdd
180

dI loV huMdI hY, ijvyN ik EprySn, nklI l@q~-b`h~, tr`eI s`eIkl,

vIl cyEr j~ kilprz E`id |

do-mMjlI hY, ijs dy E`ly-duE`ly suMdr hirE`ly bgIcy hn | C@iqE`

hoieE` rkb` 5000 vrg Pu@t qoN v@D hY |

keI v`r Eijh` huMd` hY ik grIb lok s`fy Exmnu@KI ivh`r k`rn
ilq`Vy j~dy hn j~ ExdyKy kIqy j~dy hn ijvyN ik sVk ikn`ry mr irh`
ivEkqI, ie@k ExgoilE` bzurg, grIbI k`rn skUl C@fx leI mzbUr
b@c` | EsIN keI v`rI E`pxy E`ly-duE`ly dI hoCI dunIE~d`rI iv@c ienH~
guE`c j~dy h~ Eqy s`fIE~ E`pxIE~ sm@isE`v~ s` bhuq boJl l@gx
l@g j~dIE~ hn | EsIN E`pxI EMdrlI rihmidlI ExsuixE` kr idMdy
h~ | EsIN qkdIr doS dy Cfdy h~ Eqy mMn ky bYT j~dy h~ ik s`ry duKsu@K DuroN hI B`g~ iv@c ilKky E`auNdy hn | EsIN E`pxI E`qm` dI JUTI
qs@lI leI j~ E`pxy inm`xy mnorQ dI pUrqI leI Drm dy n~ qy d`n puMn
krdy h~, ijs dy nqIjy v@joN Drm dy EslI sMsk`r ip@Cy rih j~dy hn
Eqy mnu@Kq` dI syv` ikqy idK`eI nhIN idMdI |

tr@st iv@c c@l rhy mu@K sm`j-Bl`eI dy k`rj hyT hn :-

ikauN n` E`p~ EMqr E`qm` dI E`v`z suxIey, ieh EnuBv krIey ik

EsIN n`Sv`n h~, s` ie@k hI mnu@K` jIvn imld` hY ku@J cMg` krn leI
Eqy prm`qm` dIE~ E@K~ iv@c eykq` idK`aux leI jnqk PMf~ d` m`nvq`
dI syv` leI aupwog ikauN nhIN krdy ?
"ivic dunIE` syv km`ieEY | q` drgh bYsxu p`eIEY ||
(isrI r`g mhl` 1) pMn` 26
EslI d`n ieh nhIN ik qusIN ikMn~ pYs` d`n krdy ho, pr ies iv@c
hY ik quh`fy mn iv@c syv`-B`v ikMn` ku hY ..... c`hy ieh ie@k ru: hovy j~
do, S`ied E`pxy E`p smrpn krky j~ ikMn~ sm~ qy pYs` qusIN syv`
leI dy skdy ho ? EslI Eqy sdIvI KuSI dUijE~ dI syv` krky Eqy
juE`b iv@c aunH~ qoN iksy snm`n j~ ipE`r dI E`s n` krky imldI hY |

1. glIE~ iv@c GuMmdy b@icE~ dI Bl`eI :ieh ivl@Kx sYNtr 1997 qoN ExgOly glIE~ iv@c B`auNdy b@icE~
aup@r cuk@x leI c@l irh` hY | m~ b`p dy ipE`r qoN v~Jy ieh bdiksmq
b@cy glIE~ iv@c BIK mMgx, ilP`Py qy lIr~ cu@kx, F`ibE~ qy B~fy m~jx
j~ ieho ijhy hor Coty moty k`rj krn leI mjbUr sn |auh skUl nhIN
j` skdy Eqy n~ hI vDIE` izMdgI d` supn` lY skdy hn| ieho ijhy 250
mMdB`gy b@cy ies sYNtr iv@c d`Kl hn | hr ie@k b@cy dI sMpUrn f`ktrI
j~c kIqI j~dI hY Eqy zrUrI f`ktrI sh`ieq` muh@eIE` krv`eI j~dI
hY | hr ie@k d`Kl b@cy grmI Eqy srdI dy bsqr Eqy sMquilq Bojn
id@q` j~d` hY | gurmiq Bvn dy EYlImYNtrI skUl 'Pu@lv`VI' ivKy k@cI qoN
pMjvIN q@k skUlI ivid@E` id@qI j~dI hY | skUl dIE~ ikq`b~, k`pIE~
Eqy s`rI stySnrI mu&q aupl@bd krv`eI j~dI hY | sm`j iv@c svYrozg`r muhieE` krn leI aunH~ rUcI Enus`r ik@q` isKl`eI id@qI
j~dI hY | ijvyN ik momb@qIE~ bn`aux`, kursIE~ bunx`, drjIpux~, isl`eI,
kF`eI Eqy bux`eI, Bojn-su@riKE`, t`eIp krn`, S`rt hYf, kMipaUtr
s`ieMs E`id | aunH~ dI ishq, srIrk bsqr in@jI ishq Eqy K`d-Kur`k
v@l K`s iDE`n id@q` j~d` hY |
2. E`lHx` :grIb wqIm b@cy jo ik irSqyd`r~ v@loN iDrk`ry gey hn, ie@Qy bVy
ipE`ry, GrylU mhOl iv@c K`s ingr`nI hyT r@Ky j~dy hn |
3. s. mihMg` isMG sr`P PrI ifspYNsrI :-

ie@ko ijhI soc v`ly pUrn qOr qy syv` smripq ivEkqIE~ dI

s~JI koiSS sdk` ieh tr@st 1987 iv@c sQ`ipq kIq` igE` Eqy
sus`eItIz rijstRySn EYkt XXI dy 1980 (pMj`b srk`r dy EYkt 1957
dI qrsIm) r`hIN rijstr kIq` igE` | mOjUd` tr@st dI id@Kx v`lI
iem`rq d` n~ "gurmiq Bvn" r@iKE` igE` | ies d` rijstRySn nMbr
493-1987-88 imqI 22-12-1987 hY | 'gurmiq Bvn' iqMn eykV
jmIn iv@c bx`ieE` igE` hY | ies dI EslI iem`rq bhuq pRB`vS`lI

grIb mrIj~ dy iel`j leI ieh ifspYNsrI s`r` idn Ku@lI rihMdI
hY | ie@k qjrbyk`r f`ktr Eqy ifspYNsr p@ky qOr qy r@Ky hoey hn | hr
roz EOsqn 40-50 mrIz iel`j krv`auNdy hn |

181

182

4. EpMg` leI sh`ieq` :ieh pRojYkt is@K EYjUkySn EYNf vYLPyEr eyf (syv`) wU.ky. duE`r`
1998 iv@c ErMB kIq` igE` sI, ijs iv@c mu@K rol s. gurbcn isMG is@DU

Eqy ieMglYNf dy hor d`nIE~ Eqy hor sihwogk~ duE`r` kIq` j~d` hY |
ipCly 11 s`l~ iv@c 6263 qoN v@D ivEkqI l`B pR`pq kr cu@ky hn | s`ry
iksm~ dI srIrk Ewogq` d` iel`j EpRySn r`hIN kIq` j~d` hY |

iksy vI pR`eIvyt hspq`l iv@c 10,000 ru: Krc` E`auNd` hY | pr ies

sYNtr iv@c iblkul (PrI) mu&q kIq` j~d` hY |

jm~drU EpMgq` Eqy polIA EpMgq` d` iel`j EpRySn r`hIN kIq`

j~d` hY |

f`. mnjIq isM G Bo g l (is@ K ey f ieM t rnY S nl wU . ky . rij: nM :

1086307) SRImqI suirMdr kOr Eqy s. Evq`r isMG SyKUpur` (Dhata
Foundation, Canada), s. sMpUrn isMG BnohV (wU.ky.) s. surjIq isMG
is@DU (mnIl` v`ly) ipMf pMforI Eijhy kYNp~ lg`q`r sp~sr krdy hn |

sh`iek sm@grI :-

7. 'nvIN svyr' nS` Cf`A Eqy pUnr inv`s kyNdr :-

ijhVy ivEkqI EprySn duE`r` TIk nhIN ho skdy, aunH~ tR`eI

s`eIkl, vIl cyEr kYlIprz Eqy krc@z (P`huVIE~) apl@BD krv`eIE~
j~dIE~ hn |

niSE~ d` ruJ`n ies h@d q@k vD igE` hY ieh ie@k gMBIr bIm`rI
Eqy sm@isE` d` rUp D`r igE` hY | nOjv`n~ iv@c nS` krn` ie@k E`m
ijhI g@l bx geI hY | E`m qOr qy vrqy j~dy nSy hn :- Sr`b, qMb`kU,
EPIm, Bu@kI, smYk, BMg, hYroien E`id | niSE~ dy bury ruJ`n krky smu@cy
sm`j dI ishq, Dn Eqy sd`c`r d` ivn`S ho irh` hY |

EpRySn r`hI iel`j :-

bn`autI EMg (l@q~-b`h~) :tu@tI/k@tI b~h~ j~ l@q~ v`ly ivEkqIE~ dy sMpUrn mSInIkrn Eqy
ibjleI FMg n`l iqE`r kIqy mnsueI EMg (l@q~-b`h~) lg`eIE~ j~dIE~
hn |
suxn v`lI mSIn :auc@` suxn v`ly ivEkqIE~ shI suxn v`ly tYst auprMq suxn
v`lI mSIn lg`eI j~dI hY |
5. ividE`rQIE~ dI m@dd :ieh pRogr`m vI is@K EYjUkySn Eqy vYlPyEr eyf wU.ky. (syv`) s.
jI.EY s .is@ D U Eqy sihwo j k~ v@ l o N grIb ividE`rQIE~ dI mdd leI
cl`ieE` j` irh` hY, ijvyN ik vzIP`, ikq`b~-k`pIE~ Eqy stySnrI d`
sm`n E`id dyx` | pVH`eI Eqy Kyf~ iv@c m@l~ m`rn v`ly ividE`rQIE~
ien`m vI id@qy j~dy hn |
6. E@K~ dy PrI EpRySn kYNp :hr s`l E@K~ dy iqMn PrI kYNp lg`ey j~dy hn ijn~ iv@c E@K~ n`l
sbMiDq bIm`rIE~ d` iel`j Eqy EpRySn kIqy j~dy hn | EpRySn v`ly
mrIz~ mu&q irh`ieS, K`x`, dv`eIE~ Eqy EYnk~ id@qIE~ j~dIE~ hn|
ipCly 25 s`l~ iv@c ieho ijhy 60 kYNp lg`ey gey hn | ijnH~ iv@c 6000
qoN v@D ivEkqIE~ dy EpRySn kIqy gey hn | keI brIkI v`ly kys~ iv@c
tMk` rihq EpRySn (I.O.L) r`hIN lYnz p`ey j~dy hn | ies EpRySn d`
183

ieh nS` Cf`aU Eqy punr inv`s kyNdr lok~ niSE~ dy bury pRB`v~
qoN is@iKEq krn leI Eqy aunH~ dy iel`j Eqy punr inv`s leI 1992
iv@c KoilHE` igE` | ies kyNdr iv@c kMm krn v`ly K`s ivEkqIE~ dI
tIm iel`ky dy skUl~, k`lj~ Eqy gurduE`irE~ iv@c j` ky niSE~ sbMDI
B`Sn~ r`hIN lok~ sucyq krdI hY Eqy j`grukq` ilE~audIN hY | ies
Ed`ry dy E`pxy s`Dn~ r`hIN Eijhy kys~ dI pihc`x krky ie@Qy iel`j
leI ilE`d` j~d` hY | aunH~ imE`d (nSy dI) dy ED`r qy O.P.D. r`hIN
j~ d`Kl krky iel`j kr`ieE` j~d` hY | auh do qoN c`r hPqy leI r@Ky
j~dy hn Eqy aunH~ d` mu&q iel`j Eqy rihx sihx d` pRbMD kIq` j~d`
hY, ijMnI dyr q@k auh sMpUrn qOr qy nS` rihq nhIN ho j~dy | aunH~ dy
pRv`rk mYNbr~ vI aunH~ dI irh`ieS smyN Eqy ivc`r vt~dry smyN S`ml
kIq` j~d` hY |
ijhVy nSeI nS` C@f j~dy hn auhn~ Cy-mhIny j~ iPr s`l q@k
r@iKE` j~d` hY q~ ik sMpUrn qOr qy nS`-mukq ho j`x | ies smyN dOr`n
sm`j iv@c aunH~ dy punr inv`s d` pRbMD kIq` j~d` hY Eqy sm`j dI mu@K
D`r` iv@c S`ml kIq` j~d` hY | ipCly 16 s`l~ iv@c 19672 qoN v@D
ivEkqIE~ iel`j krky TIk kIq` igE` hY |
8. UNODC (United Nation Office on Drugs & Crime) :d@KxI eySIE` bVI iBE`nk j`nlyv` ibm`rI n`l jUJ irh` hY ijs d`
184

n`m hY Hiv/Aids. UNODC ny ie@ k mu i hM m ErM B kIqI hY ijhVI

Hiv/Aids qoN bcx leI prhyj Eqy ies PYlx qoN rokx leI aupr`ly
krdI hY | Hiv/Aids dy sMB`ivq Kqry qoN cyqMn krdI hY | v@K-v@K qrH~
dI Eb`dI dy gru@p ijvyN ik glIE~ iv@c GuMmdy b@cy E`id Eijhy b@cy n~
kyvl EijhIE~ bIm`rIE~ dy iSk`r hI huMdy hn, sgoN ilMg rucIE~ sdk`
STI/HIV dy iBEMkr is@ty Bugqdy hn | tr@st sm`jk inE~ Eqy EKiqE`rI
mMqr`ly r`hI UNODC dI eyjMsI dy qOr qy kMm kr irh` hY |
9. Bgq pUrn isMG inv`s bjurg~ leI dYink Bl`eI kyNdr :vfyrI aumr dy 50 qoN v@D bjurg ies sYNtr iv@c rijstr ho cu@ky
hn| jo vI sm~ anH~ leI wog hY, auh E` skdy hn | aunH~ do v`rI c`h
n`l n`Sq` id@q` j~d` hY | smyN smyN aunH~ d` f`ktrI inrIKx kIq` j~d`
hY Eqy loVvd~ mu&q f`ktrI sh`ieq` id@qI j~dI hY | auh l`eIbRyrI d`
pUr` P`ied` auT`auNdy hn | aunH~ tYlIivzn, fI.vI.fI. typ irk`rfr
E`id n`l mnorMjn Eqy Kyf~ dIE~ shUlq~ pRd`n kIqIE~ j~dIE~ hn |
aunH~ ipkink Eqy D`rimk sQ`n~ dI w`qr` leI inwmq qOr qy
ilj`ieE` j~d` hY |

13. gurb`xI sMgIq kyNdr :ividE`rQIE~ Sbd kIrqn, gurb`xI d` Su@D auc`rx Eqy p`T dI
isKl`eI id@qI j~dI hY |
14. D`rimk sm`gm :hr vIrv`r siqsMg huMd` hY | ijs iv@c auc@ kotI dy r`gI qy
kQ`k`r smyN smyN bul`ey j~dy hn | hr mhIny dy pihly Sin@crv`r
iesqRI siqsMg v@loN sRI suKmnI s`ihb dy p`T Eqy kIrqn kIq` j~d` hY |
16. kimaUntI h`l :gurmiq Bvn ivKy bhuq vDIE` Ku@lHy-fu@ly do h`l hn gurmiq h`l
(50'x60') b`b` gursyvk isMG h`l (30'x50') ieh hr vrg dy lok~ leI
(j`q-p`q dy ivqkry qoN rihq) Ku@lyH hn | bSrqy ik gYr r`jnIqk
sm`gm Eqy sm`ijk rsm~ hI kIqIE~ j`x |
17. loVvMd~ dI sh`ieq` :sVk durGtn`v~ dy pIVHq, kudrqI E`Pq~ dI m`r hyT E`ey ivEkqIE~
Bojn, k@pV`, dv`eIE~ E`id dI hr sMBv sh`ieq` id@qI j~dI hY |

10. igE`nI id@q isMG pbilk l`iebryrI :-

18. k@pV` bYNk :-

ieh Ku@lHy hv`d`r kmry iv@c 5000 qoN v@D ikq`b~, EKb`r~ rs`ly,
mYgzIn Eqy hor pVHx sm@grI pMj`bI, EMgryzI, ihMdI Eqy aurdU iv@c
auplbd hY | hr ie@k ies l`eIbRyrI iv@c E`aux d` KulH` s@d` hY |

lok~ duE`r` d`n kIqy nvyN Eqy pur`xy k@pVy stor krky v@K-2 aumr,
vrg dy loVvMd~ iv@c smyN smyN vMfy j~dy hn |

11. isl`eI - kF`eI isKl`eI kyNdr :lVkIE~ leI Cy mhIny d` kors hY ijs iv@c aunH~ isl`eI, kF`eI
bux`eI, pyNitMg, sj`vt E`id dI kl` dI isKl`eI id@qI j~dI hY | ieh
islisl` inwmq rU p iv@ c c@ l d` hY | isiKE`rQIE~ bk`ied`
srtI&Ikyt id@qy j~dy hn |
12. kMipaUtr isKl`eI kyNdr :ividE`rQIE~ t`eIp isKl`eI, byisk kMipaUtr isKl`eI ijvyN
ik EYm.EYs. E`i&s, ifz`ien, lyK`-joK`, ieMtrnYt@ pRogr`imMg E`id
isK`ey j~dy hn | bhuq E@CI ey.sI. lYb iv@c isD~qk Eqy pRYktIkl leI
v@Kry-v@Kry kmry mOjUd hn | kMipaUtr vI nvInqm tYknolojI v`ly hn |
185

19. B`eI Gn@eIE` KUn d`n sus`ietI :KUn d`n krn v`ilE~ dI ie@k ilst hr smyN pRbMDk~ kol mOjUd huMdI
hY Eqy iksy vI ivEkqI sMkt smyN KUn id@q` j~d` hY |
20. ik@q` isKl`eI kyNdr :byrozg`r nOjv`n~ isKl`eI dyx leI ik@q` isKl`eI kyNdr d`
E`wojn kIq` igE` hY | lVky/lVkIE~ ibjlI/ibjlI wMqr~ dI murMmq
Eqy s~B sMB`l b`ry isKl`eI id@qI j~dI hY | svYtr buxn v`lI mSIn dI
isKl`eI vI id@qI j~dI hY |
21. E`fItorIEm (sB` Bvn) :Egl` pRogr`m jo ik E`rMB kIq` igE` hY, E`Duink shUlq~ pRd`n
krd` vDIE` PrnIcr-wukq E`fItorIEm (sB` Bvn) hY | ij@Qy ik smyN
186

smyN sYmIn`r Eqy B`Sx, bihs E`id ho skdy hn |

auprokq sB syv`v~ iblkul m&q muh@eIE` krv`eIE~ j~dIE~ hn,
auh vI ibn~ iksy Byd B`v dy | s@cmu@c ieh ie@k bV` v@f` aupr`l` hY
ijhV` ik sImq s`Dn~ r`hIN c@l irh` hY | ijs iv@c bYNk d` ivE`j,
(iPks ifp`izt qy) Eqy idE`lU Eqy d`nI s@jx~ duE`r` ik@q` igE` d`n
ku@J ku pRojkt~ leI PMf vI imldy hn jo srk`r idMdI hY | tr@st id@qy
gey d`n B`rq srk`r v@loN 80G 1961 dI ienkm tYks D`r` EDIn
ienkm tYks qoN Cot hY |
tr@st d` lyK`-joK` bk`ied` sMB`ilE` hoieE` hY ijs hr s`l
c`rtrf Ek`aUtYNt~ r`hIN E`ift kIq` j~d` hY | 10,000 ru: d`n krn
v`l` ivEkqI ies sMsQ` d` aumr Br leI mYNbr bx j~d` hY | hr ie@k
CotI qoN CotI r`SI dy d`n dI rkm hyT ilKy pqy qy ByjI j` skdI hY |
bYNk E`& ieMifE` A/c No. 651110100010199, pMj`b nYSnl bYNk S.P.
A/c No. 21171, ArIEYNtl bYNk E`& k`mrs A/c No. 8088, styt bYNk
E`P pitE`l` A/c No. 55078058952 hv`l` gurU n`nk cYrItybl tr@st
(rij:) |

2. En`Q, byloVy Eqy bysh`r` b@icE~ vjIPy pVH`eI leI hr sMBv

sh`ieq` dyx` |
3. bysh`r` bzurg~ Bojn Eqy E`sr` dyx` |
4. ivDv`v~ Eqy auhn~ dy prv`r~ sh`ieq`, ijMn~ d` hor koeI km`eI
krn v`l` n` hovy | dsMbr 2008 q@k 655 iv@Dv` Eqy E`riQk p@KoN
kmzor EOrq~ isl`eI mSIn~ id@qIE~ j` cu@kIE~ hn |
5. pIVHq~ POrI sh`ieq` ijvyN ik EYksIfYNt, hVH, E@g, Buc`l j~
koeI hor kudrqI E`Pq krky |
ies tr@st dy SuB-ie@Ck Eqy idE`lU dosq~ KulHy idl n`l d`n
krn d` s@d` id@q` j~d` hY | 10,000 ru: d`n krky qusIN ies sMsQ` dy
p@ky mYNbr bx skdy ho |
------------ DMnv`d ------------

pRm`qm` s`fy sB qy E`px` imhr BirE` h@Q r@Ky |

iv@idEk Bl`eI sMsQ` (wU.ky.) :s. gurbcn isMG is@DU ny is@K EYjUkySn Eqy vYlPyEr eyf (Sewa
U.K.) dy n~ hyT gurU n`nk cYrItybl tr@st iv@c skIm cl`eI hY ijhVI
dIn duKIE~ dI syv` krdI hY | ies iv@c iksy dI izMdgI bc`aux`, vDIE`
ishq suivD`v~ pRd`n krn`, imq@rq` BrpUr sbMD bn`aux` Eqy E`psI
q`l myl vD`aux` S`ml hn | Sewa (U.K.) kOm, j`q-p`q, Drm j~
r`jnIqk smJ dy ED`r qy koeI ivqkr` nhIN r@Kd` | ieh isrP suc@jI
Egv`eI dy ED`r qy bhuq loVvMd Eqy zrUrI ivEkqIE~ dI pihl dy
ED`r qy sh`ieq` krd` hY |
ies kMm leI ie@k K`s r`SI Eqy PMf r`Kv~ r@iKE` igE` hY | hyT
ilKIE~ syv`v~ leI bYNk d` ivE`j vriqE` j~d` hY |
1. EpMg sh`ieq` ijvyN ik EpRySn, bn`vtI EMg, suxn mSIn~, dMd~ dy
sYt (bn`vtI) E`id |
187

188

nS` Cf`aU kyNdr ivKy nS@ieE~ dy iel`z d` vyrv` 31/03/2009 q@k

gurU n`nk cYrItybl tr@st (riz:) mMfI mu@l~pur (luiDE`x`)
ku@l ipMf

EPIm, fofy
Bu@kI E`id

hYroien qy
hor nSy

isgryt,
bIVI, hu@k`

jrd`, gutK`
qMb`kU E`id

1910

8880

251

2182

2162

tIky qy
dv`eIE~

kYpsol
golIE~

kokIn
smYk

ku@l joV

1164

1397

798

19672

Sr`b

288
189

928

E@K~ d` PrI EpRySn kYNp~ d` E`wojn 31/10/2009 q@k

gurU n`nk cYrItybl tr@st (riz:) mMfI mu@l~pur (luiDE`x`)
PrI E@K~ dy kYNp l`ey

62

EpRySn

190

123
bn`vtI b`h~

521

cYk@Ep

EYnk d` nMbr

EpRySn kIqy

41569

11338

6279

kMn~ dIE~
mSIn~

tr`eI
s`eIkl

vIl cyEr

bn`vtI dMd

nklI l@q~

2159

1129

79

52

1038

kYlIpr

POVIE~

srjIkl bUt

hor
vsqUE~

ku@l joV

103

59

6675

1113

299