Notes: Old Stone Age/ Paleolithic Period (50,000-10,000 B.C.

)- era of crude stone tools and weapons that started in Cagayan Valley tools- sharped edged stones: ~core tools- remaining core itself is used as the tool ~pebble tools- rounded stones like those found in riverbeds ~cobble tools- larger rounded stones ~flake tools- skillfully edged & shaped hunting tree barks- used for clothing many methods of preparing foods due to the abundance of fishes ~Kinilaw- earliest method where vinegar/ limejuice enhances the taste of the fish *Tabon-tabon (hydrophytune orbiculatum)- green fruit that is added to remove the fishy smell in Mindanao *Coconut Milk- used in Leyte and Cebu Tabon Cave Complex- in Lipuun Point, Quezon, Palawan(30,000 yrs. Ago) example of prehistoric planning for adaptation ~about 41 meters long main entrance ~habitat of the Tabon Bird (Philippine mound builder) New Stone Age/ Neolithic Period (10,000- 500 B.C.)- known as the Agricultural Revolution agriculture: upland rise farming, pot- making root crop : taro (gabi), yam (ubi) popular fire- by striking stones ; used for grilling/ boiling of food stone tools- by rubbing against another stone ~ax- and adz-like forms- for forest clearing and boat making Kilning- process of using fire to manufacture pots Slash and Burn Agriculture- practiced by the earlier settlers that caused them to search for new land Burial Traditions ~bones of the departed were enclosed in jars (as burial coffins) after being buried underground for a period of time ~bone washing and bone painting/ dipping w/ materials like sappan wood/ red dyewood (Caesalpinia Sappan) and hematite( iron ore) for protection from decay ~El Nido Cave, Palawan- painted bones where placed in small niches inside the cave ~corpses were interred directly into the ground in reclining or bent positions ~Pabaon/ funeral offerings( clothes, food and weapons) included in burial ~others cover the faces of the dead w/ thin sheaths of gold- prevents bad spirits entering the body Manuggul jar- a funerary vessel that is now considered a National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines ~upper portion- has curvilinear incised scroll designs, painted with red hematite( Iron Oxide) ~lid cover- form of boat with two human figures *at the back- boatman steering the ship of the dead *in front- passenger( soul of the man in jar) whose hand are folded over his chest Philippine Pottery-shows a variety of shapes & decorative techniques by rope and mat ~incision ~applique' ~stippling ~impression designs are usually geometric became more functional

*palayok- cooking *banga & tapayan- storing liquids