In general, the company is defined as an organization That uses production and coordinate the use of economic resources to satisfy

needs in a profitable manner. Based on the above definition, it can be seen that there are five important elements in a company, namely the organization, production, economic resources, needs and profitable manner. Based on the above definition, it cans be seen That there are five Important elements in a company, namely the organization, production, economic resources, needs and profitable manner. As for the types of firms: As for the types of companies: 1. 1. Individual Business, Individual Business, 2. 2. Firm (Fa), Firm (Fa), 3. 3. Company Commanditaire (CV), Company Commanditaire (CV), 4. 4. Limited Liability Company (PT), Limited Liability Company (PT), 5. 5. Limited Liability Company (Persero), Limited Liability Company (Persero), 6. 6. Local Company (PD), Local Company (PD), 7. 7. General State Company (PERUM), General State Enterprise (PERUM) 8. 8. State Enterprise Service Agency (PERJAN), State Enterprise Service Agency (perjan) 9. 9. Cooperatives, and Cooperatives, and 10. 10. Foundation. Foundation. In this paper the author will examine more deeply about the meaning and the advantages and disadvantages of Business owned by Individual and Firm (Fa). In this paper the author will from Examine more deeply about the meaning and the advantages and disadvantages of Business Owned by Individual and Firm (Fa). Based on the description of the background above, the general formulation of the problem is as follows: Based on the description of the background above, the general formulation of the problem is as follows: A. A. Company Individual Individual Company 1. 1. Understanding Individual Company. Understanding Individual Company. 2. 2. Individual Company kindness. Individual Company Kindness. 3. 3. Individual Company ugliness. Individual Company ugliness. B. B. FIRM (Fa) FIRM (Fa) 1. 1. Understanding FIRM (Fa). Understanding FIRM (Fa). 2. 2. The characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). The characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). 3. 3. Goodness FIRM (Fa). Goodness FIRM (Fa). 4. 4. Badness FIRM (Fa). Badness FIRM (Fa). Based on the above problems, the goal is to find out: Based on the above problems, the goal is to find out: 1. 1. Understanding Individual Company and FIRM (Fa). Understanding Individual Company and FIRM (Fa). 2. 2. Goodness and ugliness that is owned by the Company Individual and FIRM (Fa) and the characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). Goodness and ugliness That is owned by the Company Individual and FIRM (Fa) and the characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). A. A. Private company Private company 1. 1. Definition Definition Individual company is one form of business owned by someone and he is fully responsible for all risk and

corporate activities (Basswasta: 2002). Private company is one form of business Owned by someone and he is fully Responsible for all risk and corporate activities (Basswasta: 2002). Individual company is a business that was founded by an entrepreneur (Hatta:) Individual is a Business That company was Founded by an entrepreneur (Hatta:) Individual company is a company that is owned, managed and led by someone who is fully responsible for all risk and corporate activity (Murti Sumarai, Jhon Suprianto: 2003). Private company is a company That is owned, managed and led by someone Who is fully Responsible for all risk and corporate activity (Murti Sumarai, Jhon Suprianto: 2003). From some sense it can be concluded that the company is a form of business that was founded, owned and managed by someone. From Some sense it cans be concluded That the company is a form of business That was Founded, Owned and managed by someone. Individual company a lot of wear in Indonesia. Private company a lot of wear in Indonesia. Corporate form is usually used for small business activities, or at the time of onset conduct business activities, for example in the form of shops, restaurants, garages, etc.. Corporate form is usually Used for small business activities, or at the time of onset conduct business activities, for example in the form of shops, restaurants, garages, etc .. Although the number of companies that have relatively many, but the sales volume of each is relatively small when compared to other companies. Although the number of companies have Relatively That many, but the sales volume of EACH is Relatively small compared to other companies Pls. For the establishment of private enterprise, which imposed a license can be said relatively lighter and simpler requirements than other types of companies. For the establishment of private enterprise, the which imposed a license said Relatively few cans lighter and Simpler Than requirements other types of companies. So far, the government did not specify a particular category of this business form, so there is no legal separation between corporate and personal interests. So far, the government did not specify a particular category of this business form, so there is no legal separation Between corporate and personal interests. All the affairs of the company into one with the personal affairs of the owner of the company. All the affairs of the company into one with the personal affairs of the owner of the company. If someone wants to establish a company, with a choice of the type of business risk is not so big companies, capital of the company established itself does not require too much and if employers do want to manage and lead their own and want to bear the legal consequences that may occur without help from others is the choice the right if you want to establish individual business entities. If someone wants to establish the company, with a choice of business types That companies are not very big risk, capital of the company established Itself does not require too much and if do Employers Want To manage and lead Their Own and Want To bear the legal Consequences That May occur without help from others is the choice the right if You Want to establish individual business entities. At the present time the government pay more attention to balancing efforts of small firms as one of the development strategy. At the present time the government pay more attention to balancing Efforts of small firms as one of the development strategy. Development of small companies involve a large number of natural resources. Development of small companies Involve a large number of natural resources. In the short term to overcome the problems that cripple the income distribution and unemployment problems. In the short term to overcome the problems That cripple the income distribution and unemployment problems.

Enhancing the productive capacity of human resources, because they learn at their place of work. Enhancing the productive capacity of human resources, Because They learn at Their place of work. Increase the speed of change in economic structures in all regions, as well as geographical spread of economic activity. Increase the speed of change in economic structures in all regions, as well as geographical spread of economic activity. 2. 2. Goodness Goodness Company Individual Individual Company a) Freedom of movement a) The freedom to move Individual owners have the freedom that is fully in every action. Individual owners have the freedom That is fully in every action. All decisions are absolute must be implemented according to the decision. All decisions are absolute must be implemented According to the decision. b) Receive all the benefits b) Receive all the benefits Only a private company that allows all the benefits meant for someone. Only a private company That allows all the benefits meant for someone. c) low tax c) Low Taxes For an individual company to the present government does not collect taxes from the company itself. For an individual company to the present government does not collect taxes from the company Itself. Withholding tax is only done at the owner, the income tax. Withholding tax is only done at the owner, the income tax. d) The secret of the company guaranteed d) The secret of the company guaranteed Individual company is a type of company where secrets can be guaranteed not to leak, the more so if the owner of the company itself that runs all necessary tasks. Individual company is a type of company secrets Nowhere cans be guaranteed not to leak, the more so if the owner of the company Itself That runs all Necessary tasks. In some companies, the big advantage lies on the ground dipunyainya a secret process or formula is not known other companies. In Some companies, the big advantage lies on the ground dipunyainya a secret process or formula is not known other companies. e) Organization of a cheap and simple e) Organization of a cheap and simple On an individual company are not many parts like the PT therefore fees required for that is relatively low. On an individual company's parts are not much like the PT therefore fees required for that is Relatively low. f) Regulation of the minimal f) minimal regulation If the alliance with the firm, partnership, PT, there are many government regulations that must be obeyed, the individual companies are subject to few regulations. If the alliance with the firm, partnership, PT, there are many Government Regulations That must be obeyed, the individual companies are subject to Few Regulations. g) The company's drive g) Encouragement company Employers private companies always try my best for the company to benefit regardless of the length of time worked in the company. Employers private companies always try my best for the company to benefit regardless of the length of time worked in the company. h) The decision can be quickly retrieved h) The decision cans be retrieved Quickly Decision-making in individual companies will be able to quickly taken because the owner can manage the company according to his will that if the best and most effective, also because there is no disagreement that resulted in protracted negotiations which of course hurt especially in the business

world. Decision-making in individual companies will from be Able to Quickly taken Because the owner cans manage the company According to his will from That if the best and most effective, Also Because 'there is no disagreement That resulted in protracted negotiations the which of course hurt especially in the business world. i) It is easier to obtain credit i) It is Easier to obtain credit Individual company much easier to get credit because of responsibility or guarantee is not limited to the capital itself, but also a personal wealth of the owner of the credit risk is smaller. Individual company much Easier to get credit Because of responsibility or guarantee is not limited to the capital itself, but Also a personal wealth of the owner of the credit risk is Smaller. 3. 3. Individual Individual Company Company ugliness ugliness a. a. The responsibility is not limited to the responsibility is not limited In a company, corporate responsibility lies in the hands of company owners, so that the entire risk of firms is borne by the owner of the company. In a company, corporate responsibility lies in the hands of company owners, so That the entire risk of firms is borne by the owner of the company. If the company is unable to repay its loan, the personal wealth to be guaranteed. If the company is Unable to repay its loan, the personal wealth to be guaranteed. b. b. The amount of The amount of a limited company limited company Investments that are run by private companies is limited, although the owner trying to expand the company, which diperolehpun limited credit as well. Investments That are run by private companies is limited, although the owner Trying to expand the company, the which diperolehpun limited credit as well. c. c. Continuity Continuity company unsecured company is not guaranteed The death of the leader or jailing the owner of the company or other reasons that can not manage the company led to the cessation of activity of the company. The death of the leader or jailing the owner of the company or other cans Reasons That not manage the company led to the Cessation of activity of the company. d. d. Limited financial resources limited financial resources Because the owner is only one person, then the efforts made to obtain funding source depends only on the ability of the company owner. Because the owner is only one person, then the Efforts made to obtain funding source Depends only on the ability of the company owner. e. e. Difficulties in the management of Difficulties in management In the company of all activities such as buying, selling, spending, credit searches, setting up employees, etc., held by a leader. In the company of all activities Such as buying, selling, spending, credit searches, setting up employees, etc., Held by a leader. This is more difficult than when management held several people. This is more Difficult Than Pls people management held installments. f. f. Lack of opportunity to the employees Lack of opportunities our employees Employees who work on these individual companies will continue to occupy its position in a relatively long period of time. Employees WHO's work on these individual companies will of continue to occupy its position in a Relatively long period of time. B. B. FIRM (FA) FIRM (FA) 1. 1. Definition Definition The firm is a partnership to carry on business between two or more persons with common names, in

which the responsibility of each member of the firm (called firmant) is not limited, while the profits to be gained from these efforts will be shared together. The firm is a partnership to carry on business Between two or more persons with common names, in the which the responsibility of EACH member of the firm (Called firmant) is not limited, while the profits to be gained from these Efforts will from be shared together. Similarly, if you suffer a loss, all of whom bear (Basu Swastha, 1988:55). Similarly, if you suffer a loss, all of whom bear (Basu Swastha, 1988:55). According Manulang (1975) alliance with the firm is a partnership to run the company with the name together. According Manulang (1975) alliance with the firm is a partnership to run the company with the name together. So there are some people who are allied to run a company. So there are people Who Are Some allied to run a company. Company name as generally is the name of one of his allies. Company name as Generally is the name of one of his allies. The provisions of this firm provided for in article 16 of the Book of the Law of Commercial Law (Wetboek van Koophandel) that says "Company under the firm is a partnership to run the company under the name together." The provisions of this firm provided for in article 16 of the Book of the Law of Commercial Law (Wetboek van Koophandel) That says "Company under the firm is a partnership to run the company under the name together." In addition, article 18 of the Book of the Law of Commercial Law mentions the core of the firm is that each bear one another's members and to all responsible for the firm agreement. In Addition, article 18 of the Book of the Law of Commercial Law mentions the core of the firm Is That EACH bear one another's members and to all Responsible for the firm agreement. For clarity, the rule is reinforced by Articles 16 and 18 of the draft Civil Code (Bulgerlijk Wetboek) stating that the alliance is an agreement, in which two or more people agreed to jointly put together something with the intention that the profits derived than that shared between them. For clarity, the rule is reinforced by Articles 16 and 18 of the draft Civil Code (Bulgerlijk Wetboek) stating That the alliance is an agreement, in the which two or more people Agreed to jointly put together something with the intention That the profits derived Than That shared Between Them. Although the members have in running their business entity name and the company has its own property separate from the wealth of each member, but generally firm is not a legal entity, but as a designation of the members together. Although the members have in running Their business entity name and the company has its own property separate from the wealth of EACH member, but Generally Firm is not a legal entity, but as a designation of the members together. This is because each member with all his personal property liable for all debts of the company. This is Because EACH member with all his personal property liable for all debts of the company. While the legal entity has the understanding that the responsibility of the members of the company's debt was only limited to the wealth of legal entity concerned. While the legal entity has the understanding That the responsibility of the members of the company's debt was only limited to the wealth of legal entity Concerned. To establish partnership with the firm, then they are allied to establish by making an official certificate. To establish a partnership with the firm, then They are allied to establish by making an official certificate. Certificate contains about what already approved them together, as they established the company's name, amount of capital each partner, etc.. Certificate contains about what already approved Them together, as They established the company's name, amount of capital EACH partner, etc .. Furthermore, these certificates must be registered with the District Court and announced on the BNRI.

Furthermore, these certificates must be registered with the District Court and Announced on the BNRI. What is the deed must be registered establishment or an official summary of that certificate. What is the deed must be registered establishment or an official summary of That certificate. Official summary of the load it as follows: Official summary of the load it as follows: 1. 1. Name, first name, occupation and place of residence of the firmant (allies) Name, first name, occupation and place of residence of the firmant (allies) 2. 2. The appointment of the firm which is the name together with information whether it is a general partnership or limited company to run a branch. The appointment of the firm the which is the name together with information whether it is a general partnership or limited company to run a branch. 3. 3. Appointment of firmant that are not authorized to sign for the fellowship. Appointment of firmant That are not authorized to sign for the fellowship. 4. 4. At the start and will end the fellowship. Earnest at the start and end the fellowship. Official Summary of the deed of establishment that, as already said should be announced in the BNRI. Official Summary of the deed of establishment that, as already said Should Be Announced in the BNRI. If both are ignored (do not register and announce), then this means that the alliance works in any field, a partnership established for an unlimited time, and each partner is entitled to sign and do a legal action for his fellowship. If both are ignored (do not register and announce), then this means That the alliance works in any field, a partnership established for an unlimited time, and EACH partner is entitled to sign and do a legal action for his fellowship. Another interesting description is a matter concerning distribution of profits within a firm. Another interesting description is a matter Concerning the distribution of profits Within a firm. This description is based on the rule of law is still valid today. This description is based on the rule of law is still valid today. The way the division is as follows: The way the division is as follows: Example: Example: Persero which consists of host x, y lord and lady z has established a firm which they named xyz & CO. firm. S the which consists of host x, y z lord and lady has established a firm the which They named xyz & CO.. firm. Preview some of the firm's balance sheet as follows: Preview of Some of the firm's balance sheet as follows: Mr. X enter the capital of Rp. Mr. X enter the capital of Rp. 400.000, - 400.000, Sir y enter the capital of Rp. Sir y enter the capital of Rp. 200.000, - 200.000, Ms. z incorporate energy and skills Ms. z incorporate labor and skills In closing, the firm successfully obtained a profit of 1.6 million, -. In closing the book, the firm successfully obtained a profit of 1.6 million, -. The division of profits according to the laws 2:1:1. The division of profits According to the laws of 2:1:1. to heed the rules that the division of profits lord x, y, and z lady, for the fiscal year are as follows: to Heed The Rules That the division of profits lord x, y, and z lady, for the fiscal year are as follows: Mr. X receives of the USD. Mr. X receives of the USD. 1.6 million, - = Rp. 1.6 million, - = Rp. 800.000, - 800.000, Mr Y received of Rp. Mr Y received of Rp. 1.6 million, - = Rp. 1.6 million, - = Rp. 400.000, - 400.000, Miss Z receives of the USD. Miss Z receives of the USD. 1.6 million, - = Rp. 1.6 million, - = Rp. 400.000, - + 400.000, - + The total profit = USD. The total profit = USD. 1.6 million, - 1.6 million, -

2. 2. The characteristics of business enterprise firm The characteristics of business enterprise firm a. a. Member firms are usually already know each other and trust each other. Member firms are usually already know and trust other EACH EACH other. b. b. Firm agreement can be made before a notary public and under arms. Firm cans agreement be made before a Notary Public and under arms. c. c. Using a common name in the business. Using a common name in the business. d. d. The existence of the responsibility and risk of loss is unlimited. The existence of the responsibility and risk of loss is unlimited. 3. 3. Merits Merits Firm Firm a. a. Capital is relatively large amount of effort an individual making it easier to expand his business. Capital is Relatively large amount of effort an individual making it Easier to expand his business. b. b. It is easier to obtain credit because they have greater financial capabilities. It is Easier to obtain credit Because They have Greater financial capabilities. c. c. Greater management capabilities because of the division of labor among the members. Greater management capabilities Because of the division of labor Among the members. In addition, all decisions are taken together. In Addition, all decisions are taken together. d. d. Incorporated rational reasons. Reasons rational Incorporated. e. e. Attention ally earnest in Earnest Attention firm ally in the company 4. 4. Firm Firm ugliness Ugliness a. a. Owner's responsibility is not limited to all corporate debt. Owner's responsibility is not limited to all corporate debt. For example, it can be seen form the following: For example, it cans be seen form the Following: Member Investment in Member Investment In Store Retailers Retailer Store of Wealth Wealth Personal Personal A Rp. A Rp. 400.000 400.000 B USD. B USD. 200.000 200.000 C Rp. C Rp. 100.000 100.000 With a variety of reasons, the store owes Rp. With a variety of Reasons, the store owes Rp. 800,000. 800.000. capital invested by members of only Rp. capital invested by members of only Rp. 700,000 used to pay off the debt. 700.000 Used to pay off the debt. Remaining debt of Rp. Remaining debt of Rp. 100,000 to be paid from personal property. 100.000 to be paid from personal property. Since A and B do not have personal wealth, then the remaining debt should be paid by C. Since A and B do not have personal wealth, then the remaining debt by C. Should Be Paid b. b. Leaders held by more than one person. More Than Leaders held by one person. This allows the emergence of such a disagreement among the allies. This allows the Emergence of Such a disagreement Among the allies. c. c. Error a firmant must be shared. Error a firmant must be shared. In general, the company is defined as an organization That uses production and coordinate the use of economic resources to satisfy needs in a profitable manner. Based on the above definition, it can be seen that there are five important elements in a company, namely the organization, production, economic resources, needs and profitable manner. Based on the above definition, it cans be seen That

there are five Important elements in a company, namely the organization, production, economic resources, needs and profitable manner. As for the types of firms: As for the types of companies: 1. 1. Individual Business, Individual Business, 2. 2. Firm (Fa), Firm (Fa), 3. 3. Company Commanditaire (CV), Company Commanditaire (CV), 4. 4. Limited Liability Company (PT), Limited Liability Company (PT), 5. 5. Limited Liability Company (Persero), Limited Liability Company (Persero), 6. 6. Local Company (PD), Local Company (PD), 7. 7. General State Company (PERUM), General State Enterprise (PERUM) 8. 8. State Enterprise Service Agency (PERJAN), State Enterprise Service Agency (perjan) 9. 9. Cooperatives, and Cooperatives, and 10. 10. Foundation. Foundation. In this paper the author will examine more deeply about the meaning and the advantages and disadvantages of Business owned by Individual and Firm (Fa). In this paper the author will from Examine more deeply about the meaning and the advantages and disadvantages of Business Owned by Individual and Firm (Fa). Based on the description of the background above, the general formulation of the problem is as follows: Based on the description of the background above, the general formulation of the problem is as follows: A. A. Company Individual Individual Company 1. 1. Understanding Individual Company. Understanding Individual Company. 2. 2. Individual Company kindness. Individual Company Kindness. 3. 3. Individual Company ugliness. Individual Company ugliness. B. B. FIRM (Fa) FIRM (Fa) 1. 1. Understanding FIRM (Fa). Understanding FIRM (Fa). 2. 2. The characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). The characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). 3. 3. Goodness FIRM (Fa). Goodness FIRM (Fa). 4. 4. Badness FIRM (Fa). Badness FIRM (Fa). Based on the above problems, the goal is to find out: Based on the above problems, the goal is to find out: 1. 1. Understanding Individual Company and FIRM (Fa). Understanding Individual Company and FIRM (Fa). 2. 2. Goodness and ugliness that is owned by the Company Individual and FIRM (Fa) and the characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). Goodness and ugliness That is owned by the Company Individual and FIRM (Fa) and the characteristics of business entities FIRM (Fa). A. A. Private company Private company 1. 1. Definition Definition Individual company is one form of business owned by someone and he is fully responsible for all risk and corporate activities (Basswasta: 2002). Private company is one form of business Owned by someone and he is fully Responsible for all risk and corporate activities (Basswasta: 2002). Individual company is a business that was founded by an entrepreneur (Hatta:) Individual is a Business That company was Founded by an entrepreneur (Hatta:)

Individual company is a company that is owned, managed and led by someone who is fully responsible for all risk and corporate activity (Murti Sumarai, Jhon Suprianto: 2003). Private company is a company That is owned, managed and led by someone Who is fully Responsible for all risk and corporate activity (Murti Sumarai, Jhon Suprianto: 2003). From some sense it can be concluded that the company is a form of business that was founded, owned and managed by someone. From Some sense it cans be concluded That the company is a form of business That was Founded, Owned and managed by someone. Individual company a lot of wear in Indonesia. Private company a lot of wear in Indonesia. Corporate form is usually used for small business activities, or at the time of onset conduct business activities, for example in the form of shops, restaurants, garages, etc.. Corporate form is usually Used for small business activities, or at the time of onset conduct business activities, for example in the form of shops, restaurants, garages, etc .. Although the number of companies that have relatively many, but the sales volume of each is relatively small when compared to other companies. Although the number of companies have Relatively That many, but the sales volume of EACH is Relatively small compared to other companies Pls. For the establishment of private enterprise, which imposed a license can be said relatively lighter and simpler requirements than other types of companies. For the establishment of private enterprise, the which imposed a license said Relatively few cans lighter and Simpler Than requirements other types of companies. So far, the government did not specify a particular category of this business form, so there is no legal separation between corporate and personal interests. So far, the government did not specify a particular category of this business form, so there is no legal separation Between corporate and personal interests. All the affairs of the company into one with the personal affairs of the owner of the company. All the affairs of the company into one with the personal affairs of the owner of the company. If someone wants to establish a company, with a choice of the type of business risk is not so big companies, capital of the company established itself does not require too much and if employers do want to manage and lead their own and want to bear the legal consequences that may occur without help from others is the choice the right if you want to establish individual business entities. If someone wants to establish the company, with a choice of business types That companies are not very big risk, capital of the company established Itself does not require too much and if do Employers Want To manage and lead Their Own and Want To bear the legal Consequences That May occur without help from others is the choice the right if You Want to establish individual business entities. At the present time the government pay more attention to balancing efforts of small firms as one of the development strategy. At the present time the government pay more attention to balancing Efforts of small firms as one of the development strategy. Development of small companies involve a large number of natural resources. Development of small companies Involve a large number of natural resources. In the short term to overcome the problems that cripple the income distribution and unemployment problems. In the short term to overcome the problems That cripple the income distribution and unemployment problems. Enhancing the productive capacity of human resources, because they learn at their place of work. Enhancing the productive capacity of human resources, Because They learn at Their place of work. Increase the speed of change in economic structures in all regions, as well as geographical spread of economic activity. Increase the speed of change in economic structures in all regions, as well as

geographical spread of economic activity. 2. 2. Goodness Goodness Company Individual Individual Company a) Freedom of movement a) The freedom to move Individual owners have the freedom that is fully in every action. Individual owners have the freedom That is fully in every action. All decisions are absolute must be implemented according to the decision. All decisions are absolute must be implemented According to the decision. b) Receive all the benefits b) Receive all the benefits Only a private company that allows all the benefits meant for someone. Only a private company That allows all the benefits meant for someone. c) low tax c) Low Taxes For an individual company to the present government does not collect taxes from the company itself. For an individual company to the present government does not collect taxes from the company Itself. Withholding tax is only done at the owner, the income tax. Withholding tax is only done at the owner, the income tax. d) The secret of the company guaranteed d) The secret of the company guaranteed Individual company is a type of company where secrets can be guaranteed not to leak, the more so if the owner of the company that runs itself