INER?A EN PER?

/ MINING IN PERU

10

MINISTERIO DE ENERG?A Y MINAS DEL PER? / MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MIN

ANUARIO MINERO 2009

MINING ANNUAL REPORT2009

M E I RA N E N E L PR E
M I I N N

G IN P R EU

MINISTERIO DE ENERG?A Y MINAS DEL PER? / MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF PERU

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MN R I E A EN PR E
M I G I N N PR EU

EL
I N

La minera es una de las principales actividades econmicas del Per y su desarrollo est ligado a diversos aspectos de nuestra historia: social, poltica, religiosa, cultural y econmica, resaltando por la orfe- brera preincaica, inca y colonial hasta la actualidad en la que predo- mina la minera moderna a gran escala.

LA A C T I V I D AM I N E A se ha constituido en uno D R de los pilares fundamentales de la economa nacional, concentrando diversos procesos donde convergen di- ferentes reas del conocimiento y mbito profesional. En la poca preincaica se alcanz avances notables en muchos procesos de transformacin de metales. Em- plearon el oro, la plata y el cobre; conocieron aleacio- nes como el bronce y utilizaro el hierro por n sus pro- piedades colorantes en cermica y textilera. Durante los tres siglos de Colonia, la minera se con- cret a la explotacin del oro, la plata y el azogue; y en menor escala el cobre, el estao y el plomo. Durante la poca Republicana precisamente en , 1840, el Per ingresa al mercado internacionalcon la expor- tacin del guano, y posteriormente con la explotacin del salitre. A principios del siglo X X , un sindicato finan- ciero de Nueva Y o r compra el k 80% de la minas de Cerro de Pasco, formando la Cerro de Pasco Cooper Corporation. En los ltimos aos debido a la gran riqueza de recur- sos naturales de nuestro pas acompaados de una le- gislacin promotora de la inversin en minera, se han desarrollado importantes inversiones en grandes yaci- mientos mineros en todo el pas. En el Per, el cateo, la prospeccin y la comercializa- cin del mineral no requiere para su ejercicio, el otor- gamiento de una concesin por parte del Estado, sin embargo, si es necesario para la exploracin, explota- cin, beneficio, labor

general, transporte y cierre de minas. La minera moderna significa la presencia de empresas rentables y eficientes que explotan los recursos mine- rales en relacin armoniosa y de mutuo beneficio con

diversos actores, porque respetan el ambiente y traba- jan con seguridad, higiene industrial y responsabilidad social.

EST R A TO S E D L A M IN E R A
Actualmente los titulares de la , minera peruana estn agrupados en tres principales categoras o estratos . E l rgimen general que agrupa a la gran y mediana mine- ra, la pequea minera y la minera artesanal. La gran minera moderna opera en forma integrada; abar- ca las operaciones de: cateo, prospeccin, extraccin, concentracin, fundici n, refinacin y embarque. Se caracteriza por ser altamente mecanizada y explotar yaci- mientos de clase mundial a cielo abierto. La mediana minera agrupa alrededor de 100 empresas que operan unidades mineras principalment e subterr- neas. Este sector, si bien se caracteriza por contar con un considerable grado de mecanizaci n y adecuada in- fraestructura, limita sus operaciones a la extraccin y concentracin de mineral, por lo que la fundici n y refi- nacin bsicamente estn a cargo de

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MINISTERIO DE ENERG?A Y MINAS DEL PER? / MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF PER

empresas de la gran minera. A dicionalm ent a la mediana y gran minera se ene cuentran pequeas empresas mineras dedicadas prin- cipalmente a la actividad aurfera subterrnea, aluvialy la extraccin y procesamiento de minerales no me- tlicos. La minera informal es una actividad que predomina en yacimientos aurferos de tipo veta y aluvial. E l Ministe- rio de Energa y Minas esta apoyando a los Gobiernos regionales a formalizaresta actividad minera con el apo- yo de la cooperacin internacional.

...La minera moderna significa la presencia de empresas rentables y eficientes que explotan los recursos minerales en relacin armoniosa y de mutuo beneficio con diversos actores,

porque respetan el ambiente y trabajan con seguridad, higiene industrial y responsabilidad social...

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MINISTERIO DE ENERG?A Y MINAS DEL PER? / MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF PER

La formalizacin implica el desarrollo de diversas actividades entre las cules destacan: la elabora- cin de una lnea de base que permite proporcio- nar informacin de los lugares y personas ubica- das en un determinada jurisdicci que se dedi- can a la actividad n minera sin tener una concesin minera, concesin de beneficio o que contando con los ttulos de concesin no ha tramitado permisos ambientales requeridos para el ejercicio de la actividad minera formal. Hasta diciembre de 2009, el M IN E M ha registra- do un total de 9,008 titulares mineros, de los cua- les 3,365 pertenecen a la pequea minera, 1,830 a la minera artesanal y 3,813 al rgimen general de la gran y mediana minera.

MINING INDUSTRY IN PERU The mining industry is one of the principal economic activities of Peru and its development is tied to diverse aspects of our history: social, political, religious, cultural and economic, standing out for the craftsmanship in precious metals in the pre Inca, Inca and colony epoch and the importance of the modern mining industry in a large scale nowadays.

THE MINING ACTIVITY has been constituted in one of the fundamental pillars of the national economy, concentrating diverse processes where different areas of the knowledge and professional area converge. In the pre Inca epoch, we reached notable advances in many processes of metal transformation. They used the gold, the silver and the copper; they knew alloys as the bronze and they used the iron for its coloring properties in ceramics and textile. During three centuries of Colony, the mining industry concreted the exploitation of the gold, the silver and the metallic mercury; and in minor scale the copper, the tin and the lead. During the Republican epoch, precisely in 1840, Peru enters to the international market with the exportation of the guano, and later the exploitation of the saltpeter. At the beginning of the 20th century, a financial union of New York acquired the 80 % of Cerro de Pasco's mines conforming Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation. In the last years due to the great wealth of natural resources of our country accompanied of a legislation promoter of the investment in mining industry, big investments have developed in big mining deposits in the whole country. In Peru, the exploration, the prospection and the commercialization of the mineral does not require for its exercise the granting of a concession per part of the State, nevertheless, it is necessary for the exploration, exploitation, benefit, general work, transport and closing mine.

PEQUEO PRODUCTOR MINERO 3,365 Titulares 37%

PRODUCTOR MINERO ARTESANAL 1,830 Titulares 20%

CATEGORIES OF THE MINING INDUSTRY

REGIMEN GENERAL DE LA GRAN Y MEDIANA MINERIA 3,813 titulares 43%

Nowadays, the holders of the Peruvian mining industry are grouped in three principal categories. The general system groups from the great and medium mining industry, the small mining industry to the handcrafted mining industry.

MINISTERIO DE ENERGA Y MINAS DEL PER / MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF PERU

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MINERA EN PER / MINING IN PERU

DESCRIPCI?N DERECHOS MINEROS TITULADOS

CANTIDAD 33,482 7,081

EXTENSI?N (HAS.) 14,546,629.96 2,793,113.68

E l Per posee una extensin territorialde 128 millones de hectreas, las que se reducen a 64 millones si excluimos la regin natural de la selva donde no hay actividad minera. Durante el 2009, se han solicitado 5,235 petitorios mi- neros, evidenciand una contraccin del 46% o respecto al ao 2008, segn se puede apreciar en los cuadros adjuntos. Esta disminucinse debe a que gran parte del territorio nacional solicitado que no ha sido investigado, no ha revertido al Estado sino que se mantiene en manos de inversionistas que buscan establecer contratos de ries- go compartido con inversionistas mineros extranjeros para su exploracin.

DERECHOS MINEROS EN TRAMITE PLANTAS DE BENEFICIO Y OTROS PETITONARY MINERS TOTAL

DERECHOS MINEROS EXTINGUIDOS PETITORIOS 4,855 2009: SOLICITUDES DE 434 45,852

2,378,782.72 MINEROS / REQUESTS OF 71,041.64 19,789,568.01

2009

5,235

2008

9,793

2007

8,159

2006 -500 1,000 2,500

6,748
4,000 5,500 7,000 8,500 10,000

ACREDITACIONES PPM Y PMA VIGENTES/ ACCREDITATIONS PPM AND IN FORCE PMA

PPM A NIVEL NACIONAL / Around the whole regions 3,365 PPM 17 473 130 468 268 178 170 251 174 249 338 295 59 529 9 32 394 49 88 142 314 5 37 6 12 PMA 1,830 PMA 16 114 24 270 72 31 89 45 34 24 83 93 3 61 4 12 498 64 32 34 172 38 37 1 1

C A L IF IC A C I E L A P E Q U E M IN E R A DN A Y LA M IN E R A R T E S A N A L A
A diciembre de 2009, existen en el Per 3,365 titulares de derechos mineros acreditados como Pequeo Pro- ductor M iner - PPM y 1,830 titulares o calificado como Productor Minero Artesanal - PM A s . Estas constancias tienen una validez de 2 aos y pueden renovarse indefi- nidamente mientra se cumpla con las condiciones y re- quisitos que establece la ley. nicament si se cuenta con dicha constancia, los Pee queos Productores Mineros y Productores Mineros A r- tesanales pueden acceder a los beneficios que otorga la Ley de Formalizaciny Promocin de la Pequea Mine- ra y la Minera Artesanal.

REGION AMAZONAS ANCASH APURIMAC AREQUIPA AYACUCHO CAJAMARCA CUSCO HUANCAVELICA HUANUCO ICA JUNIN LA LIBERTAD LAMBAYEQUE LIMA CALLAO LORETO MADRE DE DIOS MOQUEGUA PASCO PIURA PUNO SAN MARTIN TACNA TUMBES UCAYALI

C A T A S T RM IN E R O O
En el Per la entidad encargada de otorgar los ttulos de concesin minera, administrar el catastro minero na- cional y el derecho de vigencia y penalidad es el Institu- to Geolgic Minero y Metalrgic o o IN G E M M E,T - enti- dad pblica autnoma y transparente que garantiza una adecuada administraci y concesin de los derechos mineros n basada en la rigurosa aplicacin de las normas y los requisitos tcnicos vigentes. En el Per, las concesiones mineras otorgan a su titular el derecho de exploracin y explotacin de minerales que se encuentren a una profundida d indefinida La con- cesin minera constituye un . derecho distinto, separado e independient de los e derechos sobre el predio donde se encuentre ubicada, es decir, no otorga derechos so- bre la superficie. Por tanto, para realizar cualquier tipo de actividad minera, se requiere previamentecontar con

2009: DERECHOS MINEROS VIGENTES/ MINING RIGHTS IN FORCE

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AND MINES OF PERU

MINISTERIO DE ENERGA Y MINAS DEL PER / MINISTRY OF ENERGY

ANUARIO MINERO 2009 REPORT2009

MINING ANNUAL

The modern mining industry operates in integrated form; it includes the operations of exploration, prospect, extraction, concentration, smelting, refining and boarding. It is characterized for being highly mechanized and exploiting deposits of world class to open pit. The medium mining industry groups around 100 companies that operate mining units mainly underground. This sector is characterized for rely on a considerable degree of mechanization and suitable infrastructure and limits its operations to the extraction and concentration of mineral, for that reason the smelting and refining basically are in charge of companies of the great mining industry. Additional to the medium and great mining industry we can find mining small enterprises dedicated principally to the activity auriferous underground, alluvial and the extraction and processing of not metallic minerals. The informal mining industry is an activity that predominates in auriferous deposits of type vetoes and alluvial. The Ministry of Energy and Mines is supporting the regional Governments to formalize this mining activity with the support of international cooperation. The formalization implies the development of diverse activities among them stand out: the elaboration of a base line that allows to provide information of the places and persons located in certain jurisdiction that are dedicated to the mining activity without having a mining concession, concession of benefit or that counting on the concession titles has not been transacted required environmental permissions for the exercise of the formal mining activity Until December, 2009, the Ministry of Energy and Mines has registered a whole of 9008 mining holders whom 3,365 belong to the small mining industry, 1,830 to the handcrafted mining industry and 3,813 to the general regime of the great and medium mining industry. Peru possesses a territorial extension of 128 million hectares, which diminish to 64 millions if we exclude the natural region of the jungle where there is no mining activity. During 2009, it has been requested 5,235 mining petitioners demonstrating a contraction of 46 % according to the year 2008, as it is possible to estimate in the attached charts. This decrease owes to the great part of the national requested territory that has not been investigated and has not reverted to the State but it is supported in investors' hands that seek to establish contracts of shared risk with mining foreign investors for its exploration. QUALIFICATION OF THE SMALL MINING INDUSTRY AND THE HANDCRAFTED MINING INDUSTRY Until December, 2009, there is in Peru 3,365 holders of mining rights credited as Small Mining Producer - SMM and 1,830 holders qualified as Mining Handcrafted Producer - MHP. These docu-

MAPA CATASTRAL MINERO DEL PER / CADASTRAL MINING MAP OF PERU

MINISTERIO DE ENERGA Y MINAS DEL PER / MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF PERU

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MINERA EN PER / MINING IN PERU

12686 398 467 515 120 32 10

T E R R I T O O D EL P E R RI ? U N ID A D ES IN A C T IV I DD M I N E A S A R U N I D A DSEEN P R O D U C C I ?M I N E A N R U N I D A DSEEN E X P L O R A C I M I N E A N? R U N ID A D EP A R A L IZ A D A S S U N I D A D EEN C A T O Y P R O S P E C N I ? M I N E A S E C R U2009:EN C I E R R D E F I N I T OV N I D A D E UNIDADES IEN S E

1 2 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 HA 0 7,712,568.754 HA 6.025 % 778,763.603 HA 0.608 % 402,534.458 HA 236,558.299 HA 47,276.383 HA 0.314 % 0.185 % 0.037 % 0.018 % 0.012 %

100.00%

autorizaci por el uso del terreno superficia va un n l justo acuerdo entre las partes involucradas. En cuanto a las exigencia que hoy se plantean en el s Per para hacer minera, no es suficiente obtener el ttulo de concesin minera, sino que adicionalmente es , necesario aprobar estudios ambientales para las actividades de ex- ploracin explotacino beneficio de minerales. Actualment existen 33,482 concesiones mineras e vigen- tes que abarcan una superficie de 14,546,629 hect- reas, equivalentes al 11.36% del territorio nacional.

PRODUCCIN Y HA 23,017.012 EN EXPLORACIN U N I D A DSEEN C O N S T R U C C I O UNITS IN 15,511.167 HA N PRODUCTION AND IN EXPLORATION

U N ID A D EE N P R O D U C C I N S Y E N E X P L O R A C I N
Segn estadsticas internacionales, de cada m il lugares con potencial minero se exploran 100 y de este cente- nar solo uno se convierte en mina. A diciembre de 2009, 467 unidades mineras se han reportado en situacin de exploraci minera. Asimismo, n las reas en exploracin alcanzan solamente el 0.314% del territorio nacional, es decir 402,534.458 hectreas. Es decir, existe un 10% del territorio nacional apto para la exploraci que ha sido n concesionado pero que toda- va no ha sido explorado. Si los resultados de la exploracin son positivos, recin se pueden iniciar los trmites para la etapa de construc- cin y operacin de un proyecto minero. Actualmente existen 398 unidades mineras en produccin que ocu- pan el 0.608%, equivalente a 778,763 hectreas. En conclusin, solamente el 1% del territori o nacional del Per ha sido investigado para el ejercicio de la activi- dad minera existiendo un 10% del rea solicitada con concesin minera que falta explorarpara poner en ope- racin nuevas unidades mineras.

P L A N TS DE B E N E F IC IO A Y P L A N S DE M IN A D O E
En el Per actualmente operan 124 plantas de beneficio (*), de las cuales 45 realizan procesos de lixiviacin, 66 procesos de flotacin y 35 refinacin de minerales. Al realiza un balance de la tramitaci de expedientes r n mi- neros de concesiones de benefici en la Direcci o n General de Minera se observa que de un total de 74 , solicitudes, 46 han sido aprobadas, mientras que 28 han sido desapro- badas, declaradas en abandono o improcedentes

T aj Cochavara o
(*) Una planta puede estar autorizad a utiliza uno o ms sistemas de a r tratamiento.

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AND MINES OF PERU

MINISTERIO DE ENERGA Y MINAS DEL PER / MINISTRY OF ENERGY

ANUARIO MINERO 2009 REPORT2009

MINING ANNUAL

2009: SOLICITUDES DE PLANTAS DE BENEFICIO Y PLANES DE MINADO / REQUESTS OF BENEFIT PLANTS AND MINING PLANTS APPR OVED
A PR O B ADA S Plan de Minado Concesione de benefici s o M odifica ci de concesiones de beneficio n TOTAAPROBADO L S NO A P R O B A D A S Plan de M inado declarado en abandono s Plan de M in ado declarad o improcedentes s Con cesione de benefic i declarad o en abandono s o s Con cesione de benefici declarado improcedentes s o s Con cesione de benefici desaprobado s o s T O T A NO A P R O B A D A L S S O L IC IT U D E R O C E S A D A SP S N 3 2 41 46 N 4 1 12 9 2 28 74 % 4% 3% 55% 62% % 5% 1% 16% 12% 3% 38% 100%

mentary proves have a validity of 2 years and can be renewed indefinitely while they fulfilled the conditions and requirements that the law establishes. Only if one possesses the documentary proof, the Small Mining Producers and Producing Handcrafted Miners can accede to the benefits that the Law of Formalization and Promotion of the Small Mining industry and the Handcrafted Mining industry grants. MINING CADASTRY In Peru, the entity in charge of give mining concession, administer the mining national cadaster and the right of validity and penalty is the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Institute - GMMI-, public autonomous and transparent entity that guarantees a suitable administration and grant of the mining rights based on the rigorous application of the procedure and the technical requirements at present. In Peru, the mining concession covenant to its holder the right of exploration and exploitation of minerals that are found in an indefinite depth. The mining concession constitutes a different, separated and independent right from the rights on the land where it is located so it does not covenant rights on the surface. Therefore, to realize any type of mining activity, it is required an authorization for the use of the superficial area by an agreement between the involved parts. Referring to the requirements that today in Peru are stated in order to do mining industry, it is not enough to obtain the title of mining concession, additional to this, it is necessary to approve environmental studies for the activities of exploration, exploitation or benefit of minerals. Nowadays there are 33,482 mining concessions validly that include a surface of 14,546,629 hectares, equivalent to 11.36 % of the national territory. UNITS IN PRODUCTION AND EXPLORATION According to international statistics of every thousand places with mining potential only are explored 100 and from this hundred only one turns into mine. To December, 2009, 467 mining units have reported in situation of mining exploration, likewise, the areas in exploration reach only 0.314 % of the national territory, it means 402,534.458 hectares. It is only a 10 % of the national suitable territory for the exploration that has been concessionaired but it has not been explore yet. If the results of the exploration are positive, newly they can initiate the steps for the stage of construction and operation of a mining project. Nowadays 398 mining units are in production that occupy 0.608% equivalent to 778,763 hectares. In conclusion only 1 % of the national territory of Peru has been investigated for the mining activity existing 10 % of the area requested with mining concession that is lacked to explore to put in operation new mining units. PLANTS OF BENEFIT AND PLANS OF MINED Nowadays, In Peru deal 124 plants of benefit of which 45 realize processes of leaching, 66 processes of flotation and 35 refining mineral. On having realized a balance of the processing of mining expedients in the General Headquarter of Mining industry is observed that a total of 74 requests only 46 have been approved, whereas 28 have been dismissed, declared in retire or inadmissible.

Sistema de Tratam ient (**) o

Plantas(*)

Has

Cap. Inst. A u to riz aad T M D

Proceso de L ix iv ia c i n P. de L i x i v i a c in Au P. de L i x i v i a c in Cu Proceso de Flotacin Proceso de Refinacin T O T A G E N E RLA L

45 44 1 66 35 146

9,371 8,911 460 10,655 6,423 26,449

553,865 533,028 20,837 465,816 172,482 1,192,163

T aj Yanacocha o

MINISTERIO DE ENERGA Y MINAS DEL PER / MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF PERU

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