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(C)= 0
(xn)=nxn-1
Derivative of the Natural Exponential Function: d/dx(e The Product Rule: if f and g are both differentiable
)= ex
d/dx[f(x)g(x)] = f(x)d/dx[g(x)]+g(x)d/dx[f(x)]
The Quotient Rule: if f and g are both differentiable
d/dx[f(x)/g(x)] = {g(x)d/dx[f(x)]-f(x)d/dx[g(x)]}/[g(x)]2
d/dx(sin x)=cos x
d/dx(cos x)=-sin x
The Derivative of the Tangent Function
d/dx(tan x)=sec2 x
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES Sin-1x = y Siny = x and (-pi/2) y (pi/2)
Sin-1(sinx) = x for (-pi/2) x (pi/2) Sin(Sin-1x) = x for -1 x 1 d/dx(Sin-1x) = 1/(1-x2) for -1 < x < 1 Cos1x = y Cosy = x and 0 y pi d/dx(Cos-1x) = -1/(1-x2) for -1 < x < 1 Tan-1x = y Tany = x and (-pi/2) < y < (pi/2) limx-> Tan-1x = (pi/2) and limx->- Tan-1x = (-pi/2) d/dx (Tan-1x) = 1/(1+x2)
DERIVATIVES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS d/dx(logax) = 1/x*ln*a d/dx(ln x) = 1/x d/dx(ln u) = 1/u du/dx d/dx[ln g(x)] = g'(x)/g(x) d/dx ln x = 1/x
STEPS IN LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION Take natural logarithms of both sides of an equation y=f(x) and use the Laws of Logarithms to simplify. Differentiate implicitly with respect to x. Solve the resulting equation for y' If n is any real number and f(x)=xn, then f'(x)=nxn-1 *distinguish carefully between the Power Rule [(xn)'= nxn-1], where the base is variable and the exponent is constant, and the rule for differentiating exponential functions [(ax)'=axln a], where the base is constant and the exponent is variable. e = limx->0(1+x)1/x e = limn->(1+1/n)n
Finding a Seond Derivative Implicitly find y'' if x4 + y4 = 16 differentiating the equation implicitly with respect to x, we get 4x3 +4y3y' = 0 solving for y' gives y' = -(x3/y3) To find y'' we differentiate this expression for y' using the Quotient Rule and that y is a function of x: y''=d/dx(-x3/y3) = - [y3(d/dx)(x3) x3(d/dx)(y3)]/[(y3)2] = -[y3*3x2 x3(3y2y') / y6] If we now substitute equation 3 into this expression, we get y''=-[3x2y3 3x3y2(-x3/y3) / y6] = -[3(x2y4+x6) /y7] = -[3x2(y4+x4) /y7] But the values of x and y must satisfy the original equation x4+y4=16. remembering