DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL/CIVIL ENGG QUESTION BANK YEAR CODE/SUBJECT SUBJECT NO NAME OF STAFF : : : : I YEAR GE1101/ENGG GRAPHICS S6 N.Syed aleem/P.Jayaraman/Senthil/G.Venkat/D.

Nathan

UNIT I PLANE CURVES AND FREE HAND SKETCHING

1. Draw an ellipse given the following: (i) Distance of the focus from the directrix = 60 mm (ii) Eccentricity = 2. Draw an ellipse with major diameter of 100 mm and minor diameter of 60 mm by using arcs of circles method. 3. Draw an ellipse with major diameter of 100 mm and minor diameter of 60 mm by using concentric circle method. 4.Draw a parabola given the distance of the focus from the directrix as 60 mm 5.The head lamp reflector of a motor car has a maximum rim diameter of 130 mm and maximum depth of 100 mm. Draw the profile of the reflector and name it. 6.A parabolic arch has a span of 5.5 m. Draw the shape of the arch by offset method. 7. Draw a hyperbola given the distance of the focus from the directrix as 55 mm and eccentricity as 1.5. 8. Draw a cycloid given the diameter of the generating circle as 40 mm. 9. A circle of diameter 50 mm rolls on the outside of another circle of diameter 180 mm without sliding. Draw the path traced by a point on the smaller circle. 10. A circle of diameter 50 mm rolls along the inside of another circle of diameter 200 mm without slipping. Draw the path traced by a point on the smaller circle. 11. Draw the involute of a circle of diameter 40 mm. 12. Draw the involute of a pentagon of side 40 mm. 13. Draw the involute of a square of side 40 mm. 14. Draw the isometric view of the object shown in the fig. 15. Make free-hand sketches of front, top and right side views of the pictorial view shown in fig. 16.Make free hand sketch of object, the orthographic views of which are shown in fig.

UNIT II PROJECTION OF POINTS, LINES AND PLANES

PROBLEM 1: Point A is 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP.Draw its front view and top view. PROBLEM 2: A point A is 35 mm above HP and lying on VP. Draw its projections. PROBLEM 3: Draw the projections of point A lying on HP and 30 mm in front of VP. PROBLEM 4: Draw the projections of point F lying in HP and VP. PROBLEM 5: Mark the projections of the following points on a common reference line: PROBLEM 6: Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line. Take 30 mm distance between the projectors. A, 35 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. B, 40 mm below HP and 15 mm behind VP. C, 50 mm above HP and 25 mm behind VP. D, 45 mm below HP and 20 mm in front of VP. E, 30 mm behind VP and on HP. F, 35 mm below HP and on VP. G, on both HP and VP. H, 25 mm below HP and 25 mm in front of VP. PROBLEM 7: A point E is 20 mm above HP and in VP. Draw its projections.

PROBLEMS 8: A point A is 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections. PROJECTION OF STRAIGHT LINES PROBLEM 1 A line PQ, 50 mm long is perpendicular to the HP and 15 mm in front of the VP. The end P, nearer to the HP is 20 mm above it. Draw the projections of the line. PROBLEM 2 A line PF, 65 mm long has its end P, 15 mm above the HP and 15 mm infront of the VP. It is inclined at 55 deg to the HP and 35 deg to the VP. Draw its projections. PROBLEM 3 The end P of a line PQ, 70 mm long is 15 mm above the HP and 20 mm in front of the VP. Q is 40 mm above the HP. Its top view is inclined at 45 deg to the VP. Draw the projections of thye line and find its true inclinations with the VP and the HP. PROBLEM 4 A line EF, 85 mm long has its end E, 25 mm above the HP and 20 mm infront of the VP. The top and front views of the line have lengths of 55 mm and 70 mm respectively. Draw the projections of the line and find its true inclinations with the VP and the HP. PROBLEM 5 A line PQ, 70 mm long is parallel to the HP and inclined at 30 deg to the VP.The end P is 25 mm above the HP and 40 mm in front of the VP.Draw the projections of the straight line. PROBLEM 6 A line MN 70 mm long lies in the VP and has the end M in both the HP and the VP. It is inclined at 35 deg to the HP.Draw the projections of the line. PROBLEM 7 A line PQ, 60 mm long has one end P,20 mm above HP and 35 mm in front of the VP.The line is parallel to the HP.The front view has a length of 50 mm. Find its true inclination with the VP.

PROBLEM 8 One end P of a line PQ, 55 mm long is 35 mm in front of the VP and 25 mm above the HP.The line is inclined at 40 deg to the HP and 30 deg to the VP. Draw the projections of PQ. PROBLEM 9 One end S of a line SR, 70 mm long is in both the HP and the VP. Then line is inclined at 40 deg to the HP and at 35 deg to the VP.Draw its projection. PROBLEM 10 A line NS, 80 mm long has its end N, 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP.The other end S is 65 mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP.Draw the projections of the line and find its true inclinations with HP and VP. PROBLEM 11 A line PQ has its end P, 10 mm above the HP and 20 mm in front of the VP. The end Q is 35 mm in front of the VP. The front view of the line measures 75 mm.The distance between the end projectors is 50 mm. Draw the projections of the line and find its true length and its true inclinations with the VP and the HP. Also find its traces. PROBLEM 12 A line PQ has its end P, 10 mm above the HP and 20 mm in front of the VP. The end Q is 35 mm in front of the VP. The front view of the line measures 75 mm.The distance between the end projectors is 50 mm. Draw the projections of the line and find its true length and its true inclinations with the VP and the HP ( by using rotating trapezoidal plane method) Assignment problems 1. A line AB 60 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. The line is kept perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. 2. A line AB 50 mm long has its end A 40 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The line is kept perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP. Draw its projections. Also mark the traces. 3. A line MN 60 mm long has its end M 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. The line is kept parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its projections.

4. A line PQ 50 mm long has its end P 40 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The line is kept inclined at 40 deg to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. Also mark the traces. 5. A line AB 50 mm long has its end A 40 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The line is kept inclined at 40 deg to VP and parallel to HP. Draw its projections. 6. A line CD 65 mm long has its end C 20 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. Its front view has a length of 35 mm. Draw its projections and find the inclination of the line with VP. PROJECTIONS OF PLANES PROBLEM 1 A square lamina ABCD of side 26 mm is perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. PROBLEM 2 A square lamina of side 35 mm is parallel to the HP with one of its sides inclined at 30 deg to the VP. The lamina is 20 mm above HP. Draw its top and front views. PROBLEM 3 A hexagonal plate of side 35 mm rests on the HP on one of its sides perpendicular to the VP. Draw its projections when its surface is inclined at 50 deg to the HP. Also find its traces. PROBLEM 4 A circular lamina of dia 60 mm is held vertical with its surface inclined at 45 deg to VP. Its centre is 40 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of the VP. Draw its top and front views. PROBLEM 5 A pentagon of side 30 mm rests on the ground on one of its corners with the sides containing the corner being equally inclined to the ground. The side opposite to the corner on which it rests is inclined at 30 deg tio the VP and is parallel to the HP. The surface of the pentagon makes 50 deg with the ground. Draw the top and front views of the pentagon.

PROBLEM 6 A hexagonal plate of side 20 mm rests on the HP on one of its sides inclined at 45 to the VP. The surface of the plate makes an angle of 30 with the HP. Draw the front and top views of the plate.

PROBLEMS 6 A square lamina of side 40 mm has its surface parallel to VP and perpendicular to HP. Draw its projections when one of the sides is inclined at 30 deg to HP. PROBLEM 7 A circular plate of diameter 50 mm has its surface parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP. Its centre is 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections. Assignment problems 1. A square plate of side 40 mm has its surface perpendicular to both HP and VP. One of the sides of the plate is inclined at 30 deg to HP. Draw its projections. 2. A pentagonal plate of side 30 mm is placed with one side on HP and the surface inclined at 50 deg to HP perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections. 3. A square lamina of side 35 mm has its surface perpendicular to both HP and VP. One of the sides of the plate is inclined at 30 deg to VP. Draw its projections. 4. A pentagonal plate of side 30 mm is placed with one side on VP and the surface inclined at 50 deg to VP perpendicular to HP. Draw its projections. 5. A hexagonal plate of size 40 mm is placed with a side on VP and the surface inclined at 50 deg to VP perpendicular to HP. Draw its projections. 6. A circular lamina of diameter 60 mm has its surface parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP. Its centre is 40 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections

UNIT III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS & SECTION OF SOLIDS PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Problem.1. Draw the top, front and left side views of a cone base diameter 40mm and altitude 45mm when its base is kept parallel to the VP. Problem.2. Draw the projection of a cylinder of diameter 50mm and axis 80mm when it is lying on the ground with its axis inclined at 450 to the VP and parallel to the ground. Problem.3. A cylinder of diameter 30mm and axis length 50mm is resting on the hp on a point so that its axis is inclined at 450 to the HP and parallel to the VP. Draw its top and front views. Problem.4. A cone of base diameter 40 mm and altitude 80mm rests on the HP with its axis inclined at 300 to the HP and parallel to the VP. Draw its front and top views. Problem.5. A hexagonal prism of base side 30mm, axis length 60mm rests on the hp on one of its base edges with its axis inclined at 600 to the HP and parallel to the VP. Draw its top and front view. Problem.6. Draw the projection of a hexagonal prism of base side 20mm and axis length 50mm when it is lying on the ground on one of its rectangular faces and the axis is inclined at 350 to the VP. Problem.7. A triangular pyramid of base edge 40mm and altitude 60mm is resting on the HP on one of its base edges with its axis parallel to both the HP and VP. Draw its top and front views. Problem 8: Draw the top, front, right side and left side views of a square pyramid of base of side 30 mm and altitude 40 mm when it is resting on the ground on its base with one of the edges of base inclined at 60 deg to the VP.

Problem 9: Draw the top, front and left side views of a hexagonal pyramid of base of side 30 mm and altitude 60 mm when it is resting on its base on the HP with an edge of the base inclined at 30 deg to the VP. Problem 10: A square prism of base edge 50 mm and axis length 80 mm is lying on the HP on one of its longer edges with its faces equally inclined to the HP. Draw its top and front views when the axis is perpendicular to the VP. Problem 11: A pentagonal pyramid of base of side 30 mm and axis 60 mm rests on the HP on one corner of the base, one of the base edges containing which makes 40 deg with the HP. Draw its projections when the axis is perpendicular to the VP and the base is touching the VP. Problem 12: A pentagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 55 mm is lying on the ground on one of its rectangular faces. Draw its top, front and left side views when its axis is perpendicular to the VP and the end nearer to the VP is 15 mm from it. Problem: 13 Draw the projections of a square pyramid of base of side 30 mm and axis 50 mm when it is resting ion the HP on one of its base corners with a base side containing the corner making 35 deg with the HP. The axis is inclinmed at 30 deg to the VP and ois parallel to the HP and the vertex is away from the VP. Problem 14: A square pyramid of base side 30 mm, axis length 50 mm has one of its triangular faces in the VP and the Axis parallel to and 25 mm above the HP. Draw its projections. Problem 15: Draw the projection of a hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and axis length 50 mm when it rests on the ground on one of the edges of the base and the axis inclined at 35 deg to the ground and parallel to the VP. Problem 16: A hexagonal pyramid of base edge 40 mm and altitude 80 mm rests on one of its base edges on the HP with its axis inclined at 30 deg to the HP and parallel to the VP. Draw its top and front views. Problem 17: Draw the projections of a cone of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 70 mm when it lies on the ground on one of its generators with the axis parallel to the VP.

SECTION OF SOLIDS

Example 1: A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 40 mm rests on the HP on one of its ends with two rectangular faces parallel to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the HP and inclined at 60 deg to the VP at a distance of 5 mm from the axis. Draw the top view, sectional front view and an auxiliary elevation on an AVP parallel to the cutting plane. Example 2: A pentagonal pyramid of base side 20 mm and altitude 55 mm rests on its base on the HP with one of the base edges perpendicular to the VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 50 deg to the base. The cutting plane meets the axis at 15 mm above the base. Draw the front view, sectional top view and the true shape of the section. Example 3: A cone of base diameter 50 mm and altitude 60 mm rests on its base on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and parallel to one of the extreme generators, 10 mm away from it. Draw the sectional plan and the true shape of the section. Example: 4. A hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 70 mm rests on one of its ends on the HP with two base sides parallel to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 deg to the HP. The cutting plane meets the axis at 30 mm from the top. Draw the front view, sectional top view and the true shape of the section. Example: 5 A cube of side 25 mm rests on the HP on one of its faces with a vertical face inclined at 35 degt to the VP. A plane perpendicular to the HP and parallel to the VP cuts the cube 10 mm away from the axis and farther away from the VP. Draw the top view and the sectional front view. Example: 6 A cube of side 25 mm rests on the HP on one of its faces with a vertical face inclined at 35 deg to the VP. A plane perpendicular to the HP and inclined at 50 deg to the VP cuts the cube, 3 mm away from the axis. Draw the top view and the sectional front view. Also draw the true shape of the section. Example: 7 A hexagonal pyramid of base of side 20 mm and altitude 50 mm rests on its base on the HP with two edges of the base perpendicular to the VP. A cutting plane parallel to then HP cuts the pyramid at a height of 20 mm above the base. Draw the front view and the sectional top view. Example 8: A square pyramid of base side 25 mm and altitude 40 mm rests on the HP on its base with the base edges equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 deg to the HP meeting the axis at 21 mm above the HP. Draw the sectional top view and the true shape of the section.

Example 9: A hexagonal pyramid of base side 25 mm and axis 55 mm rests on its base on the HP with two base edges perpendicular to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 deg to the HP meeting the axis at 20 mm from the vertex. Draw the front view, sectional top view and the true shape of the section. Example: 10: A cylinder of diameter 40 mm and height 50 mm rests on its base on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 50 deg to the HP. The cutting plane meets the axis at a distance of 15 mm from the top. Draw the front view, sectional top view and the true shape of the section. Example 11: A cone of base diameter 40 mm and altitude 50 mm rests on its base on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 60 deg to the HP. The cutting plane meets the axis at 27 mm from the vertex. Draw the sectional top view and the true shape of the section. Example: 12 A sphere of diameter 80 mm is cut by a vertical plane inclined at 40 deg to the VP. The cutting plane is located at a minimum distance of 20 mm from the centre of the sphere. Draw the top view, sectional front view and the true shape of the section. UNIT IV DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES Example 1: A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 45 mm is resting on one of its ends on the HP with two of its lateral faces parallel to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 deg to the HP. The plane meets the axis at a distance of 20 mm above the base. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the lower portion of the prism. Example 2: A cone of base diameter 60 mm and height 70 mm is resting on its base on the ground. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and parallel to the HP at a distance 20 mm from the vertex. It is also cut by a plane inclined at 40 deg to the base and meeting the axis at a point 20 mm above the base. Draw the development of lateral surface of the cut cone. Example 3: A Hexagonal pyramid of base of side 25 mm and altitude 50 mm is resting vertically on its base on the ground with two of the sides of the base perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 40 deg to the HP. The plane bisects the axis of the pyramid. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the pyramid. Example 4: A cone of base diameter 60 mm and altitude 70 mm rests on its base on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to both the HP and the VP and passing through the cone 10 mm to the left of the axis of the cone. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the right portion of the cut cone.

Example 5: A Pentagonal prism of base side 25 mm and height 50 mm is cut by a plane such that the cutting plane bisects the axis with inclination of 30 to the HP. Draw the development of all surfaces of the lower portion of the prism. Example 6: A Pentagonal prism of base side 25mm and height 60 mm stands on one of its ends on the HP with a rectangular face parallel to the VP. A hole of diameter 30mm is drilled centrally through the prism in such a way that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the prism at right angles. The axis of the hole is perpendicular to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the prism. Example 7: A cylinder of diameter 40 mm and height 50 mm is resting vertically on one of its ends on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 to the HP. The plane meets the axis at appoint 30 mm from the base. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the lower portion of the truncated cylinder. Example 8: A circular hole of diameter 30 mm is drilled through a vertical cylinder of diameter 50 mm and height 65mm. The axis of the hole is perpendicular to the VP and meets the axis of the cylinder at right angles at a height of 30 mm above the base. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder. Example 9: A pentagonal pyramid of base of side 25mm and height 60 mm is resting vertically on its base on the ground with one of the sides of the base parallel to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and parallel to the HP at a distance of 25 mm above the base. Draw the development of lateral surface of the frustum of the pyramid. Also show the top view of the cut surface. Example 10: Draw the development of a square pyramid of base side 40 mm and altitude 60 mm when it is resting on the HP on its base with two base edges parallel to the VP. Example 11: A square pyramid of base side 25 mm and altitude 50 mm rests on its base on the HP with two sides of the base parallel to the VP. It is cut by plane bisecting the axis and inclined at 30 to the base. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the lower part of the cut pyramid. Example 12: A right circular cone of base diameter 60 mm and height 70 mm is resting on its base on the ground. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 to the HP. The cutting plane bisects the axis of the cone. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the truncated cone. Example 13: A hexagonal prism of base edge 20 mm and height 50 mm rests on its base on the HP with a vertical face parallel to the VP. A square slot of side 30 mm is centrally cut right through the prism with its axis perpendicular to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the prism with the square cut-out. Example 14: A hexagonal prism of base edge 25 mm and height 60 mm rests on one of its ends on the HP with a vertical face parallel to the VP. A horizontal hole of diameter

36 mm is drilled centrally right through the prism with its axis perpendicular to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the prism with the hole. Example 15: A pentagonal prism of base edge 20 mm and axis length 50 mm stands on one of its ends on the HP with a vertical face parallel to the VP and farther away from it. A square slot of diagonals 26 mm is drilled centrally right through the prism in such a way that one diagonal coincides with the axis of the prism. The axis of the square slot is perpendicular to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the prism with the square cut-out. Example 16: A hexagonal pyramid of base side 20 mm and altitude 55 mm stands on its base on the HP with a base edge parallel to the VP. A circular hole of diameter 20 mm is drilled right through the pyramid with the axis of the hole perpendicular to the VP and meeting the axis of the pyramid at 20 mm above the base. Draw the development of the pyramid with the hole. Example 17: A pentagonal pyramid of base side 20 mm and axis length 50 mm rests on its base on the HP with a base edge parallel to the VP and farther away from the VP. A square slot of diagonal 16mm is drilled right through the pyramid such that one diagonal coincides with the axis of the pyramid. The centre of the slot lies on the axis of the pyramid 20 mm above the base of the pyramid. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the pyramid with the cut-out when the axis of the slot is perpendicular to the VP. Example 18: A cone of base diameter 40 mm and height 50 mm stands on its base on the HP. A cylindrical hole of diameter 20 mm is drilled right through the cone. The axis of the cone is perpendicular to the VP and meets the axis of the cone at 15 mm above the base of the cone. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cone with the hole. Example 19: A cone of base diameter 30 mm and axis length 50 mm rests on its base on the HP. A square slot of diagonal 16 mm is drilled right through the cone with one diagonal coinciding with the axis of the cone. The axis of the slot is perpendicular to the VP and meets the axis of the cone at 15 mm above the base of the cone. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cone with the square cut-out. Example 20: A horizontal cylinder of diameter 40 mm and axis length 100 mm penetrates into a vertical cylinder of 60 mm diameter and axis length 80 mm. The axes of cylinders intersect at right angles. The axis of the horizontal cylinder is parallel to VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the two intersecting cylinders. Example 21: A T pipe connection consists of an vertical cylinder if diameter 40 mm and height 60 mm and a horizontal cylinder of diameter 40 mm and short arm 25 mm. The axes of the cylinders meet at right angles. The axis of the horizontal cylinders is parallel to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the two intersecting cylinders.

Example 22: A square prism of base edge 20 mm and axis length 90 mm penetrates into a vertical cylinder of diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm. The axes of the solids bisect each other at right angles. The faces of the square prism are equally inclined to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the two intersecting solids. Example 23: A hexagonal prism of base edge 20 mm and height 60 mm rest on one of its ends on the HP with two rectangular faces parallel to the VP. It is penetrated by a cylinder of diameter 24 mm and axis length 70 mm. The axes of the solids bisect each other at right angles. The axis of the cylinder is parallel to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the two intersecting solids.

UNIT V ISOMETRIC AND PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION ISOMETRIC PROJECTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Draw the isometric view of given circle of diameter 80 mm. Draw the isometric view of a square prism of base side 20 mm and height 30 mm. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal prism of base side 15 mm and height 35 mm when it rests on one of its ends on the HP with two of its base sides parallel to the VP. Draw the isometric view of a cylinder resting on one of its ends on the HP. Draw the isometric view of a cylinder of diameter 46 mm and height 60 mm when it is resting on one of its ends on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 45 to the HP. The plane passes through a point on the axis located at 15 mm from the top. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal pyramid of base of side 15 mm and height 55 mm resting on its base on the HP with two sides of the base parallel to the VP. Draw the isometric view of a pentagonal pyramid cut by a cutting plane passes through 33 mm from its apex with an inclination of 45 to the HP. Draw the isometric view of a right circular cone of base diameter 34 mm and height 60 mm when it is resting on its base on the HP. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 55mm is resting on its base on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30 to the HP. The plane meets the axis at a distance of 25 mm from the apex. Draw the isometric view of the truncated cone. Draw the isometric view of a frustum of a cone of height 30 mm, base diameter 34 mm, top diameter 20 mm when it is centrally placed over a square slab of side 50 mm and thickness 10 mm. Draw the isometric projection of a sphere of diameter 16 mm kept centrally over a frustum of a square pyramid of height 25 mm. The frustum has a base of side 35 mm and top of side 20 mm.

6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11.

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A cylinder of base diameter 30 mm and axis 50 mm is placed on its base centrally on the top of a square slab of side 50 mm and thickness 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of the solids.

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION 1. A regular hexagonal pyramid of base edge 20 mm and height 35 mm rests on its base on the ground plane with one of its base edges touching the picture plane. The station point is 30mm above the ground plane 40 mm in front of the PP. The central plane is 30 mm to the right of the axis. Draw the perspective projection of the pyramid by visual ray method. Use the top view and the front view. A square prism of base 25 x 25 mm and height 40 mm rests on the GP on one of its ends with a rectangular face receding away from the PP towards right making 60 with PP. The corner nearest to the PP is 40 mm to the left of the station point and 20 mm behind the PP. The station point is 60 mm above the GP and 50 mm in front of the PP. Draw the perspective view of the prism by visual ray method. Use the top view and the front view. A cylinder of diameter 40 mm and height 40 mm rests on the GP on one of its ends with its axis 35 mm behind the picture plane. The station point is 45 mm to the right of the axis. The station point is 65 mm above the GP and 40 mm in front of the PP. Draw the perspective view of the cylinder by visual ray method. A square prism of base 25 x 25 mm and height 40 mm rests on the GP with the edges of the base making 45 with PP. The corner nearest to the PP is 25 mm to the right of the station point and 25 mm behind the PP. The station point is 55 mm above the GP and 70 mm in front of the PP. Draw the perspective view of the square prism. A cube of side 25 mm rests on one of its faces on the ground, the nearest vertical edge being 20 mm behind the picture plane and 40 mm to the left of the station point. A face containing the nearest vertical edge is inclined at 60 to the PP. Draw the perspective view of the cube. A rectangular prism 40 x 30 x 15 mm rests on the ground on one of its ends with one of the longest edges touching the PP and the shortest edges receding to the left at an angle of 40 to the PP. The nearest vertical edge is 15 mm to the left of the station point which is at a distance of 55 mm in front of the PP and 30 mm above the ground. Draw the perspective view of the prism. Draw the perspective of a square prism of base side 20 mm and height 35 mm resting on an end on the ground with a rectangular face parallel to the picture plane. The axis of the prism is 25 mm behind the PP and 25 mm to the right of the eye. The eye is 50 mm in front of the PP and 50 mm above the ground.

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A cube of side 45 mm rests on the ground on its base with all the vertical faces equally inclined to PP. One vertical edge is touching the picture plane and is 15 mm to the left of the station point which is 70 mm above ground and 55 mm in front of the picture plane. Draw the perspective of the cube. A square pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 55 mm rests on its base on the ground with a base corner touching the picture plane and the base edges equally inclined to the PP and behind it. The station point is 50 mm in front of the PP and 60 mm above the ground. The central plane is 15 mm to the left of the axis of the solid. Draw the perspective projection of the pyramid. A triangular prism having an equilateral triangular base of sides 30 mm and height 40 mm rests on its base on the ground with one of its vertical edges 10 mm behind the PP. One of the rectangular faces containing that edge is inclined at 40 to the PP and is behind the PP. The station point is 50 mm in front of the PP and 50 mm above the ground. The station point is 15 mm to the right of the edge nearest to the PP. Draw the perspective projection of the prism.

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