General Psychology Course # 830:101:14 Professor Tami Musumeci

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December 13, 2005 -- TUESDAY ____________________________________________________________________________________ Treatment - Who goes for treatment? Why do they go? o Approximately 15% of the US population uses mental health services each year Hallucinations: perceptual experience in the absence of stimulus Delusions: beliefs in the absence of facts Broke the Law Neglecting self (e.g. Hygiene) Bizarre or unsafe behavior Phobia blocking life Problems with relationship E.g. divorce, maintaining/making friends Generally dont feel well E.g. depressed, anxious, cant concentrate, unexplained physical symptoms Traumatic life event E.g. death of loved one Failure (unexplained) E.g. work, school, etc. o Who can provide help? Type of Therapist Background/Training Clinical Psychologist Ph.D.: 4-5 years of graduate school [psychology]+2 year internship Research, therapeutic techniques Psychological testing Tend to be in the cognitive and behavioral camp M.A., Ph.D., Ed.D., or PsyD [counseling] Less emphasis on research Tend to be in the humanistic and behavioral camps M.D. with internship 1

Counseling Psychologist

Psychiatrist

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General Psychology Course # 830:101:14 Professor Tami Musumeci

2005 FIRST CLASS NOTES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ANY ATTEMPT TO REPRODUCE THESE NOTES IS

PUNISHABLE BY LAW

December 13, 2005 -- TUESDAY ____________________________________________________________________________________ [Diagnosis of psychological disorders] Drugs, biomedical Tx, psychotherapy Unique position of administering drugs M.S.W

Psychiatric Social Worker

Interviewing and therapy Psychoanalyst M.D. (Ph.D. or M.S.W.) Several years of training and undergo Psychoanalysis Tx Pts under supervision of a training analyst Influenced by view of disordered behavior Depends on how we view the behavior o Demonic possession Exorcism Trephination Mental illness was caused by a build up of bad thoughts and drill a hole in the individuals head it will come out We do not do this anymore o Imbalance of fluids (Hippocrates) restore balance E.g. Depression caused by too much black bile Rx: tranquil life; abstinence from excess; veggie diet; celibacy o Mental defective Lock them up in asylums o Mental Illness Human treatment Humanitarian reform Phillipe Pinel late 1700s in France Should treat the people with gentleness, kindness, and not be violent Emphasize physical hygiene, exercise, and give them purposeful work. Dorothea Dix late 1800s in US o Having a mental illness is a crime 2

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General Psychology Course # 830:101:14 Professor Tami Musumeci

2005 FIRST CLASS NOTES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ANY ATTEMPT TO REPRODUCE THESE NOTES IS

PUNISHABLE BY LAW

December 13, 2005 -- TUESDAY ____________________________________________________________________________________ o And put to jail because they have a mental illness o Only had 13 mental illness clinics before Dorothea and grow to 133 after 40 years. Modern Treatments - psychoanalysis Freud o free association o Derived from modern views of personality - Insight Therapy o Talk therapies o 2 goals 1. Help the patient recognize what the problem is 2. To find solutions to that problem o Psychoanalysis Need to recover that unconscious conflict o Free Association Let the individual speak and let them say whatever word comes to mind o Dream analysis o Client-Centered Rogers Unconditional positive regard VERY IMPORTANT Must accept the clients as they are and must invite them with warmth despite what you believe. The therapist can not judge. Problem lies in how you see yourself and how you truly are Who you wish to be versus who you are Who you afraid of being versus who you are o Treatments based on Cognitive Theories Focus on maladaptive thinking Use classical conditioning to attack this type of behavior Assumption of behavioral therapy is that all behavior is learned If you learned a bad behavior you can unlearn it Cognitive behavior therapy You are going to pair the cognitive part with the behavioral Reason for this type of behavior is due to maladaptive thinking ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3
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First Class Notes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Under New Jersey legislation any attempt to reproduce proprietary material is subject to punishment with
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General Psychology Course # 830:101:14 Professor Tami Musumeci

2005 FIRST CLASS NOTES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ANY ATTEMPT TO REPRODUCE THESE NOTES IS

PUNISHABLE BY LAW

December 13, 2005 -- TUESDAY ____________________________________________________________________________________ Rational Emotive Therapy Ellis Premise of both is that disorders are caused by errors in thinking. If you can correct this error you can be cured 2 things need to be done 1. change negative thoughts 2. need to detect self defeating statements o Therapist helps you with this Homework Once you leave the session you are told to practice the new behavior and try and see how it works out - Medical Treatments o Origin of mental disorder can be organic or psychogenic o 3 types of drugs o Psychoactive drugs 1. Antipsychotic alleviates or reduce psychotic symptoms most effective treatment for schizophrenia Problems: Tardive Dyskinesia o Involuntary movements of the tongue, face, trunk, or extremities Newer drugs (clozapineClozaril) more effective o Reduce negative symptoms and less involuntary movements 2. Mood regulating drugs anti-depressants o reduce symptoms of depression o also used to treat OCD lithium o reduces extremes of mood used to treat bipolar disorder o Downside Highly toxic: complication of kidney and thyroid Compliance is a big issue with mood regulating drugs o Within short order of time of not taking the medication you can get back to the down mood. 3. Anti-anxiety drugs
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First Class Notes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Under New Jersey legislation any attempt to reproduce proprietary material is subject to punishment with

General Psychology Course # 830:101:14 Professor Tami Musumeci

2005 FIRST CLASS NOTES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ANY ATTEMPT TO REPRODUCE THESE NOTES IS

PUNISHABLE BY LAW

December 13, 2005 -- TUESDAY ____________________________________________________________________________________ Reduce anxiety Most commonly prescribed psychoactive drugs o Valium o Tranquilizers Newer anti-anxiety drugs (Buspar) have fewer side effects Too much of these drugs and you can become sleepy and lethargic Before Drugs - Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) o inducing a seizure o Early use strong electric current through brain Problems Muscle spasms Amnesia Distortion Disorientation o Today much safer; fewer side effects Much lower voltage One hemisphere only Muscle relaxers used to reduce seizer affects Current is applied for a second Triggers of 5 to 20 seconds on seizures and patient wakes up in 1 or 2 hours later Mainly used in the 1940s and 1950s (pre-drugs) Declined in the 1960s due to finding newer drugs 100,000 people still receive this treatment each year Why? the treatment will work faster. One to two days as apposed to drugs which would take 1 to 2 weeks Some people who have severe drug intolerable and that this is the only treatment that works Psychosurgery - scientific treatment of mental disorders by means of brain surgery
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First Class Notes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Under New Jersey legislation any attempt to reproduce proprietary material is subject to punishment with

General Psychology Course # 830:101:14 Professor Tami Musumeci

2005 FIRST CLASS NOTES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ANY ATTEMPT TO REPRODUCE THESE NOTES IS

PUNISHABLE BY LAW

December 13, 2005 -- TUESDAY ____________________________________________________________________________________ - 1847 Phineas Gage o A rod goes through his skull by accident and after it has been removed his personality changes completely. o First indication that the brain impacts behavior - 1935 Egaz Moniz/Almeide Lima start performing lobotomies o Literally disconnecting fibers from the various parts of the brain - 1936 Walter Freeman o Modifies this procedure and performs the trans-orbital lobotomy With the help of Watson - 1950 Freeman changes the procedure o Walter Freeman becomes lobotomy king of the US Ice Pick Surgery lobotomobile - 1936-1955 o 40,000 lobotomies done worldwide 20,000 done in US - Problems of lobotomy: o Irreversible brain damage o Side effects (variable) Loss of ability to plan and initiate Loss of social inhibitions Memory loss (less common) Disturbed affect

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First Class Notes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Under New Jersey legislation any attempt to reproduce proprietary material is subject to punishment with