INTRODUCTION

Disaster Management in Indian Civil Aviation Sector: A Bangalore Greenfield Airport Model [A Pioneering Effort]

Dr. K.J DEVASIA

Senior Manager Emergency & Business Continuity Management Bangalore International Airport Ltd

Opening of Indian Sky to private players and Indian Airports to Corporate Promoters have initiated a revolutionary change in approaches to aviation safety and disaster management. The most advanced technologies and approaches in aviation emergency management, which was the sole product of the Western World once, has been brought to India by the first Greenfield Private Airport of the country, Bangalore International Airport.

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FUNDAMENTALS

AIRPORT BASICS & CONCEPT

1. Functioning of every airport /airline across the World is based on ICAO & IATA regulations 2. Even a small air incident at any one corner of the World is counted with international importance 3. Any single disturbance in any one airport affects uptime performance of many inter-linked airports 4. A very minor reason is sufficient enough to trigger as a major aviation disaster, and which takes fractions of seconds 5. Most major air disasters are resulted by petty snags 6. Attack on civil aviation gets attention of international community 7. The golden time to save lives of a crashed aircraft is less than 7 minutes 8. Every Airport in the World is assigned with an ICAO 4 letter code
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Deboarding

Terminal airside Transfer

Immigration

Bag Terminal Landside Customs Claim landside departure Meeters

Boarding

Gate

Terminal airside

Emigration

Check In/ Security

Terminal landside

Arrival landside

AIRPORT CORE PROCESSES

ONE IN 600 RULE- FOR SAFETY

On block

Off block Boarding Load Cargo load Check in Operational airport management

aircraft guidance
De-boarding Unload Cargo unload Baggage claim

1
10

Fatal Accident

aircraft handling baggage handling passenger handling cargo handling

Serious Accidents

Control over bottom 600 will control the top 1

30

Accidents

Incidents 600

Determine an Acceptable Level of Risk for any system and work towards keeping risks As Low as Reasonably Practical (ALARP)

TYPES OF AVIATION EMERGENCIES

AIRCRAFT FIRE ON GROUND

1.TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES
SAFETY RELATED EMERGENCIES SECURITY RELATED EMERGENCIES

2.NON-TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES
NATURAL DISASTERS STRUCTURAL DISASTERS PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES

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AIRCRAFT HIJACK

TERRORIST ACTIVITIES-HIJACK

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BIRDS ATTACK

CRASH

HEAD ON COLLISION

LIGHTNING

EMERGENCY LANDING

CRASH LANDING

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CRASH DUE TO BAD WEATHER

1.TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES
SAFETY RELATED EMERGENCIES SECURITY RELATED EMERGENCIES

2.NON-TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES
NATURAL DISASTERS STRUCTURAL DISASTERS PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES

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TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES- SAFETY RELATED

REGULATIONS SAFETY RELATED DISASTER

1. Aircraft Accident on the Airport 2. Aircraft Accident off the Airport (Within Vicinity) 3. Malfunction of Aircraft in Flight (Full Emergency & Local Stand By) 4. Fires on the Ground (Aircraft Related) 5. Medical Emergencies & In-Flight Mass Casualty 6. Incidents on the Airport (Collisions, Fuel Spill) 7. Dangerous Goods Incidents
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1. DGCA Civil Aviation Requirements, Series B, Part I, Dated 31 July 2006 2. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): Annex 14 of the Convention on International Civil AviationAerodromes, Volume I (Chapter 9, Attachment A-17. Rescue and fire fighting services) Airport Services Manual; Doc 9137-AN/898; Part 1, Rescue and fire fighting Airport Services Manual; Doc 9137-AN/898; Part 5, Removal of disabled aircraft Airport Services Manual; Doc 9137-AN/898; Part 7, Airport emergency planning

TECHNICAL DISASTER SECURITY RELATED

REGULATIONS SECURITY RELATED DISASTER

Annex 14 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation-Civil Aviation Security and the security manual(Document 8973). Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board of an Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963 (Doc 8364); Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at Hague on 16 December 1970 (Doc 8920); Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 23 September1971 (Doc 8966);

Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Montreal Convention, signed at Montreal on 24 February1988 (Doc 9518) Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection, signed at Montreal on 1 March 1991 (Doc 9571)

1. Tokyo Convention Act 1975 2. Anti-Hijacking Act 1982 and Anti-Hijacking (Amendment) Act, 1994 3. Suppression of Unlawful Acts against Safety of Civil Aviation Act, 1982
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4. Suppression of unlawful Acts against Safety of Civil Aviation (Amendment) Act, 1994.

REGULATIONS NON-TECHNICAL DISASTER

1.TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES
SAFETY RELATED EMERGENCIES SECURITY RELATED EMERGENCIES

1. DGCA Civil Aviation Requirements, Series B, Part I, Dated 31 July 2006 2. The National Disaster Management Act 2005, Government of India, New Delhi

2.NON-TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES
NATURAL DISASTERS STRUCTURAL DISASTERS PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES

3. The National Building Codes (NBC) 2005 Edition, Bureau of Indian Standards 4. Airport Services Manual; Doc 9137-AN/898; Part 7, Airport emergency planning

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FORCED LANDING

AERODROME EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AT BIAL

The Aerodrome Emergency Management at Bengaluru International Airport revolves around the following concepts. 1.Aerodrome Emergency Plan 2.Aerodrome Emergency Operations Centre 3.Aerodrome Emergency Management Committees 4.Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Services (ARFF) 5.Airport Security Services 6.Emergency Alert & Communications System 7.Business Continuity Management

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Aerodrome Emergency Management

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ON-SITE VS. OFF-SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCY MANAGING SYSTEM

The philosophy on which disaster management system has been established at Bangalore International Airport is about providing optimum care and concern to the affected and their relatives up to the level of satisfaction without bothering about the inputs. The same philosophy governs most European and US airports. Strict adherence to international strategies with a customized humane face gives satisfaction and encouragement to the airport organization to introduce some of the First-in-India models for faster, better and effective response systems at the airport.

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AEOC & ITS SUPPORT FUNCTIONS

AEOC & ITS SATELLITE FUNCTIONS

MEETERS & GREETERS SERVICE

ATC

ON SCENE COMMAND POST

Full image AIRPORT SECURITY

CARE CENTRE

CREW RECEPTION CENTRE

ARFF
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EMERGENCY CALL CENTRE

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AEOC & ITS SUPPORT SERVICES

BEST PRACTICES IN CIVIL AVIATION BANGALORE MODEL

Medical Service

1. Emergency Group Alert System Ekonfer 2. SMS Blast for Mass Alert 3. Incident Group for primary Responders

Data Manageme nt

4. Single Point of Contact for Medical Service

Media Manageme nt Clergy / Priests

5. Dedicated Emergency Call Centre with Software 6. Dedicated Emergency Toll Free Number 7. Initiative in Business Continuity Management

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BCM-Definition

BCM is defined as a holistic management process that identifies potential impacts that threaten an organization, and provides a framework for building resilience and the capability for an effective response that safeguards the interest of its key stakeholders, reputation, brand and value creating activities*. BCM
airport emergency management - redefined
* BCM Good Practice Guidelines 2008, Version 2008.1, The Business Continuity Institute, London, UK, Section 1, Page 5

BCM Organization
EMC

WG

BCM
SC

UMC
WG

WG

MOCK EXERCISES

Mandatory Mock Exercises DGCA-ICAO Recommended Mock Exercises

PLANNING MOCK EXERCISE

UPDATING EMERGENCY PLAN

Table

Top Exercise: is organized as a coordination exercise prior to the full scale exercise, or it may be held at intervening times in order to reconfirm procedures, policy, telephone numbers, radio frequencies, and/or changes in key personnel
is conducted with some of the participating units in order to train new personnel, evaluate new equipment/techniques, and/or to comply with mandatory recurrent training requirements.

At least once each six months, except during that six months period when a full scale exercise takes place

EMERGENCY PLAN REVIEWED

Partial Exercise:

At least once each year during which a full scale exercise is not held unless required to maintain proficiency

Full Scale Exercise:

ANALYSING MOCK EXERCISE IMPLEMENTING MOCK EXERCISE

is the replication of the entire actions and procedures specified in Chapter 04 of this Manual, but against an artificial scenario of aircraft accident/incident on the airport.

At least once every two years

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SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSIONS

Emergency management system across Indian Civil Aviation airports may be integrated and a common standard based on the ICAO guidelines and prevailing Indian regulations may be adopted for World class management of aviation emergencies. Various Indian civil aviation Acts and the National Disaster Management Act needs to be synchronized, so that conflicts in managing civil aviation emergencies could be avoided So far emergency response and management was the only focus area in Indian airports. Appropriate regulations should be made to ensure Business Continuity Management in civil aviation sector, a mandatory requirement.

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Thank You