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Thermal design of plate HE syrup cooling water (counter flow)

Calculation procedure
Material for courses DPE and PRO III (remember part 3). Prepared by: Pavel Hoffman

1. Given data
Cooled solution (syrup):
Amount of incoming solution Temperature of incoming solution Required (or calculated) temperature of outgoing syrup Incoming solution concentration MS (kg/s) tS0 (C) tS1 (C) xS0 (%)

Cooling liquid (cooling water):


Amount of incoming water Temperature of incoming water Given (or calculated) temperature of outgoing water MW (kg/s) tW0 (C) tW1 (C)

Next parameters needed for calculations:


Gap between plates Thickness of plates Length of interplate channel With of interplate channel Equivalent diameter of channel Flow clear area of channel Heat transfer area of plate Thermal conductivity of plates
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s (mm) sp (mm) L (mm) b (mm) de (m) fp (m2) AP (m2)


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p

(W/mK)

Print date: 8 / 2007 P. Hoffman

Fouling thickness (incrustation) on side of cooling water Thermal conductivity of fouling on side of cooling water Fouling thickness (incrustation) on side of cooled syrup Thermal conductivity of fouling on side of cooled syrup Max. allowable pressure loss on side of cooling water Max. allowable pressure loss on side of cooled syrup Max. allowable pressure in plates Minimal economical temperature difference in HE

sWi (mm)
Wi

(W/mK)

sSi (mm)
Si

(W/mK)

pWmax (kPa) pSmax (kPa) pmax (kPa) tHEmin (C)

2. Specification of physical parameters needed for calculations


Density of cooling water Dynamic viscosity of cooling water Kinematic viscosity of cooling water Specific heat of cooling water Thermal conductivity of cooling water Prandtl number of cooling water Density of cooled syrup Dynamic viscosity of cooled syrup Kinematic viscosity of cooled syrup Specific heat of cooled syrup Thermal conductivity of cooled syrup Prandtl number of cooled syrup
W W W

(kg/m3) (Pa*s) (m2/s) (W/mK)

cW (J/kgK)
W

PrW (-) (kg/m3) (Pa*s) (m2/s) (W/mK)

S S S

cS (J/kgK)
S

PrS (-)

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(all parameters are found from tables etc. for average temperatures) Fig. 1.: Example of chart of plate HE with 2 sections 1.section cooling water 2.section cooling water

syrup

syrup

cooling water

Fig.2.: Temperature profile on heat transfer surface in cooler


fouling plate fouling

tS
tS twfS twS twW twfW

cooling water (boundary layer)

cooled syrup (boundary layer)

tW

tW
sSi ;
S i

S cooling of syrup

sw;
w

sW ; i

W i

W heating of cooling water

Fig.3.: Temperature profile in 1 section of cooler tS0

MS - syrup tS1 = ? MW - water tW 0


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tW 1

tHEm in

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Fig. 4. Examples of plate HE design

a) Inter plate channels arrangement flow pattern

b) Plate HE with connecting plate (with necks) between two sections


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c) Plate HE (cooler) with press plate closed and open

d) Two types of plates with various profiles


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3. Basic thermal balance of cooler


Heat transferred from syrup to cooling water (it is heated)

QHW = MW * cW * (tW1 tW0) = k * ATreal * tL


(W; kg/s, J/kgC, C; W/m2K, m2, K) Heat that is taken from cooled syrup without heat loss it is (principle of energy conservation in HE)

QHW = QCS QCS = MS * cS * (tS0 tS1)


If we take into account heat loss in HE QL (W) where QL is determined from a calculation or estimated on the basis of our previous experiments or knowledge as a part of total transferred heat (in % transferred heat easier calculation) (W)

QL = QCS * z / 100 QHW = QCS QL = MS * cS * (tS0 tS1) QL


or (W) (W)

QHW = MS * cS * (tS0 tS1) * (1 z / 100)

Specification of outgoing temperature of heated cooling water (if we have given the outgoing temperature of cooled syrup) For heat loss QL= 0

tW1 = tW0 + (MS*cS*(tS0 tS1)) / (MW*cW)


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(C)
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If we take into account heat loss in HE QL (W) or z (in % of transferred heat) owing to heat loss we have to transfer less heat from the hot syrup to the cooling water (it is that tW1 will be lower than for the case without heat loss)

tW1 = tW0 + (MS*cS*(tS0 tS1) QL) / (MW*cW)


or

(C) (C)

tW1 = tW0 + (MS*cS*(tS0 tS1)*(1-z / 100)) / (MW*cW)

Specification of outgoing temperature of cooled syrup (if we have given outgoing temperature of cooling water) For heat loss Qz = 0

tS1 = tS0 - (MW*cW*(tW1 tW0)) / (MS*cS)

(C)

If we take into account heat loss in HE QL (W) or z (in % of transferred heat) owing to heat loss the hot syrup will be cooler for needed outgoing temperature we will transfer less heat to the cooling water

tS1 = tS0 - (MW*cW*(tW1 tW0) + QL) / (MS*cS)


or

(C)
(C)

tS1 = tS0 - (MW*cW*(tW1 tW0)*(1+z / 100)) / (MS*cS)

These outgoing temperatures we have to compare with a reality of heat transfer (depending on given data). It is that for example we compare the calculated temperature of cooled syrup with the given temperature of cooling water. If it is

tS1 tW0 < tHEmin

(C)

given data are unreal (see fig. 2 and 3) and it is necessary to design the cooler for this new outgoing temperature of cooled syrup
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tS1 = tW0 + tHEmin

(C)

Otherwise, with regard of temperature drops on the cooling water side, in the fouling layer, in plate material and on the syrup side (again with fouling layer), it would not be economical or real to transfer the needed amount of heat (or the heat transfer area would be too large). Then we can specify the mean logarithmic temperature difference in the HE (counter flow) see fig.3
(tS0 tW1) (tS1 tW0 ) (t t ) ln S0 W1 (tS1 tW0 )

tL =

(K)

4. Thermal calculation of cooler


As values of heat transfer coefficients for heating of the cooling water and cooled syrup in HE channels depend on (among others) speeds in these channels (an as we do not know a total heat transfer area of the HE we do not know these speeds too) it is impossible to calculate these coefficients directly. Therefore we must use an iterative method.

Big iteration loop


We estimate a value of coefficient of heat passage k (overall heat transfer coefficient) in the HE and on the base we can calculate the heat transfer area, number of plates and liquids flow rates in one channel. If is the liquid speed too high we design a HE with several channels connected in parallel (their number we can estimate according our practical knowledge with optimal speeds for

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various liquids from points of views of heat passage coefficient heat transfer area capital cost and pressure loss pump consumption running costs). Then we calculate new values of heat transfer coefficients and a new value of the coefficient of heat passage. If there is a difference we repeat the procedure. Simultaneously we must check pressure losses in the HE. If they are too high we must use a solution with lower losses (it is to increase a number of parallel connected channels for a liquid in question). On the contrary if are the pressure losses too low it is good to reduce number of parallel connected channels and so increase speed. Thus increase coefficient of heat passage and decrease needed heat transfer area (cheaper HE). More see example about effect of speeds on a HE size.

4.1. Estimation of coefficient of heat passage and preliminary calculation of cooler (coolers)
Estimation of coefficient of heat passage

kest = ? (W/m2K)

compare with calculated and event. change estimation

Heat transfer area of cooler (coolers) needed for syrup cooling


ATC = QHW kest * tL

(m2)

Number of plates in cooler (coolers) theoretical estimation

nPT = ATC / AP

choose whole number

(-)

Note 1: Exact equation for calculation valid for all types of HE is


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Q = k * A * tL * F
where F is a factor with values usually in range from 0.8 to 1.0. A HE with factor F < 0.8 is not acceptable as it is not stable in operation. For our case of a pure counter flow is the F = 1.0. Similarly it is for pure parallel flow, evaporators and condensers. Fig. 5.: Examples of temperature profiles and their F factors:

F=1

Pure parallel flow in 1 or 2 passes

Pure counter flow in 1 or 2 passes

Steam condensation and liquid heating in 2 passes (= as in 1)

Coolant boiling and liquid cooling in 2 passes (= as in 1)

HE with pure counter flow and 2 passes for both fluids

Evaporator

F<1

Combination of counter and parallel flows or cross flow F

F factor values dependence on parameters P and R


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P = (tC1 tC0) / (tH0 tC0) = heating of cool liquid / max. possible heating R = (tH0 tH1) / (tC1 tC0) = cooling of hot liquid / heating of cool liquid Note 2: Another variant very often used for plate HE design. According experiences speeds of both liquids in interplate channels are in the 1st iteration estimated. On the basis of these speeds we can specify a flow pattern. It is numbers of parallel channels in 1 pass. From it we can specify exact speeds of both liquids wi and for this iteration Rei, Nui and ki. Then we can specify the heat transfer area A and from it number of passes connected in series. Next procedure is analogous to the previous case. This procedure is used in the examples prepared in Excel. Choice of HE arrangement Number of parallel channels in 1 pass and number of passes in HE we choose from a point of view of optimal speeds of liquid in channels it is that coefficient of heat passage and pressure losses must be optimal. Criterion of a proper choice (design) is a HE size (mass, total heat transfer area) of the cooler and total pressure losses on both liquids economic appraisal.

Choice of a number of parallel interplate channels in the cooler syrup side (with regard to the recommended speed)

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npcScalc = MS / ( npcS = ?

* fP *wSrec)

(-; kg/s, kg/m3, m2, m/s)

choose a whole number

(-)

Choice of a number of parallel interplate channels in the cooler cooling water side (with regard to the recommended speed)

npcWcalc = MW / ( npcW = ?

* fP *wWrec)

(-; kg/s, kg/m3, m2, m/s)

choose a whole number

(-)

Choice of a number of passes connected in series in HE (section) syrup side (one half of channels is for cooled syrup, the second one is for cooling water)

npsS = nPT / (2 * npcS) npsS = ?


choose a whole number

(-) (-)

Choice of a number of passes connected in series in HE (section) cooling water side

npsW = nPT / (2 * npvW) npsW = ?


choose a whole number

(-)

(-)

A maximal difference between products npcS*npsS and npcW*npsW can be +/- 1 (ev. max. 2) else it is impossible to set plates together according calculated values of numbers. (for = 2 in 1 pass is not the same number of parallel channels as in others for one liquid) see fig. 6b.

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Total number of plates in the cooler (section) again it must be a whole number

nPTreal = npsS * npcS + npsW * npcw + 1


(one end plate must close a last channel see fig. 6a) Real heat transfer area of one cooler (section) is

(-)

AHEreal = Ap * nPHT = Ap * (nPTreal 2)

(m2)

Both end plates close interplate channels and they do not participate on heat transfer (see fig. 6.).

Fig.6.: Example of a flow pattern in a plate HE (plates arrangement) a) Flow pattern: syrup 1 x 4; cooling water 2 x 2 Flow pattern on this example:
cooling water

cooling water npcW = 2; npsW = 2 syrup npcS = 4; npsS = 1 = npcS*npsS npcW*npsW =4*1 2*2 = 0 O.K. nPTreal = 1 * 4 + 2 * 2 + 1 = 9

syrup 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

f1pW = 2 * fP

f1pS = 4 * fP

nPTHEreal = nPTreal 2 = 9 2 = 7 Cross section clear areas in 1 pass: cooling water f1pW = 2 * fp (m2) syrup f1pS = 4 * fp (m2)

b) Flow pattern: syrup 1 x 5; cooling water 2 x 2: Flow pattern on this example:


syrup 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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cooling water

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f1pW = 2 * fp

f1pS = 5 * fp

cooling water npcW = 2; npsW = 2 syrup npcS = 5; npsS = 1 = npcS*npsS npcW*npsW =5*1 2*2 = 1 O.K. nPTreal = 1 * 5 + 2 * 2 + 1 = 10 nPTHEreal = nPTreal 2 = 10 2 = 8

Specific heat flux in the HE (cooler) through plates = heat transfer area

qHE = QHE / AHEreal

QHE = QCW

(W/m2)

4.2. Heat transfer for forced convection in interplate channel


Cross section clear area in one pass of the HE (section) cooling water side

f1pW = npcW * fp
Cooling water speed in cannels

(m2)

wW = MW / (

* f1pW)

(m/s)

The speed we compare with a recommended one and ev. change a number of parallel channels or parallel HE. Cross section clear area in one pass of the HE (section) cooled syrup side

f1pS = npcS * fp
Cooled syrup speed in channels

(m2)

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wS = MS / (

* f1pS)

(m/s)

The speed we compare with a recommended one and ev. change a number of parallel channels or parallel HE. For next calculations we will use equations from literature, e.g. criteria equations that are valid for the type of plates. Cooling liquid side Determination of Reynolds criterion

ReW = wW * de /

(-)

Determination of Nusselt criterion for turbulent flow Analogous to tubular HE is for the Nusselt criterion following equation used

Nu = a * Reb * Prc * (w / )0,14 = * de /


Sieder-Tate correction (w / )0,14 is in practice usually neglected as it has very small effect especially with regard to vague effect of fouling. Value of heat transfer coefficient or Nu depends on a character of corrugation of plates (see fig. 4d). It follows from it that for various types of plates are in the criteria equation various constants. For this example we will use following equation that was derived from our experiments that were done in VPCHT Praha on designed plates (producer CHS Chotbo, now Tenez Chotbo).

NuW = 0,0303 * ReW0,809 * PrW0,43


Determination of heat transfer coefficient

(-)

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= NuW *

/ de

(W/m2K)

Cooled syrup side Determination of Reynolds criterion

ReS = wS * de /

(-)

Again as in previous we use the criteria equation designed for the used type of plates

NuS = 0,0303 * ReS0,809 * PrS0,43


Determination of heat transfer coefficient

(-)

= NuR *

/ de

(W/m2K)

4.3. Heat passage coefficient including fouling


kcalc = 1 1 sWi sP sSi 1 + + + + W Wi P Si S

(W/m2K)

This value we compare with the estimated one (see chap. 4.1.) and if there is a difference we repeat these calculations till

kcalc kest

4.4. Determination of pressure loss in the HE (cooler)

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Pressure loss in plate HE depends among others on speed, character of corrugation of plates and their arrangement. Analogous to the heat transfer we use criteria equation derived from our experiments for used type of plates.

Cooling water side

EuW = 460 * ReW-0,264

Eu =

pL * w2

(-)

Note: This equation is valid for common working conditions, it is with common fouling layer and directions changes, inlet and outlet necks etc. Pressure loss in one interplate channel

pW1 = EuW *

*wW2

(Pa; -, kg/m3, m/s)

Total pressure loss in the HE (or one section)

pWT = pW1 * npsW


Cooled syrup side

(Pa; Pa, -)

EuS = 460 * ReS-0,264

(-)

Note: Like for previous the equation is valid for working conditions, it is with common fouling on plates. Pressure loss in one interplate channel

pS1 = EuS *
m/s)

*wS2

(Pa; -, kg/m3,

Total pressure loss in the HE (or one section)

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pST = pS1 * npsS

(Pa; Pa, -)

These pressure losses we compare with given maximal allowable and according situation (for corresponding liquid) repeat this calculation with a new number of parallel channels npci and from it calculated number of passes connected in series npsi. Too low pressure loss in HE results in low value of heat passage coefficient and consequently too large heat transfer area = too expensive HE. Therefore it is important to optimize capital and running costs of a designed HE.

Note: Calculation for tubular HE Specification of roughness of tubes kT = ? Coefficient of friction losses for turbulent flow in tubes
k = 0,169 T * dTi
0,319

(-)

(-)

Friction loss in tubes (syrup side)


pLTS
2 LT * nPS * nHES wST =* * * S dTi 2

(Pa; -, m, -, m, m/s, kg/m3)

Where

nPS = number of passes on the syrup side in a HE nHES = number of HE connected in series LT = tubes lenght dTi = internal tubes diameter wST = syrup speed in tubes

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Pressure loss owing to sudden enlargement (from tubes to chamber)


pLSE =
2 wST * S * n 2

(Pa; m/s, kg/m3, -)

where n is number of sudden enlargements. Pressure loss owing to sudden contraction (from chamber to tubes) For the case it is possible to use following equation

pLSC 0,6 * pLSE


Pressure loss in valves (approximately) Coefficient of pressure loss in valves
D D valve = 2,6 0,8* valve + 0,14* valve Z Z valve valve
2

(-; m, m)

where Dvalve is diameter of seat of valve and Zvalve is valve stroke above the seat.
pLvalve = valve* w2 valve * S 2

(Pa; -, m/s, kg/m3)


4* M S 2 * Dvalve* S

where speed in valve is

wvalve=

Note: For valves, flap valves (butterfly valves), spherical valves, slide valves etc. it is better to calculate pressure losses according characteristics given by a manufacturer. Total pressure loss on the syrup side

pLS = pLTS + pLSES + pLSCS + pLvalvesS


(Pa)

4.5. Specification of necks diameters

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For the neck diameters specification we can use following equations


w= V 4* M = f * * D2

D=

4* M * * wrec * n

where is

M (kg/s) n (-) wrec (m/s)

mass flow of a fluid (steam, vapour, inerts, solution, condensate ...) number of necks for the fluid reccomended speed for the fluid

(kg/m3) density of the fluid

Reccomended speeds (according my practical experiences) These speeds are valid for common cases of evaporators and heat exchangers in food and chemical industries. Steam (vapour) in inlet necks Condensate in outlet necks (tubes) 10 - 25 m/s 0,2 - 0,5 m/s

(condensate is on boundary line vapour/water) if pressure decreases owing to pressure losses condensate starts superheated and vapour forms (in valves, steam traps, pipelines etc.,) two-phases flow in pipeline >> volume)

Solution inlet or outlet for HEs Solution outlet for evaporators Inerts outlet
5.

1 - 3 m/s 1 - 2 m/s 10 - 15 m/s

(boiling liquid is on boundary line vapour/liquid)

Specification of maximal performance of designed HE syrup cooler

As the real number of plates and their configuration are little different from calculated values we want to know what is the real maximal performance of this HE. Analogical is a calculation if we want to use an existing HE for other application etc. In our case we want to know what the lowest attainable

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temperature of cooled syrup is or what the maximal attainable temperature of cooling water is. Select number of parallel channels on side of cooled syrup

npcS = ?
Select number of parallel channels on side of cooling water

(-)

npcW = ?
Speed in channels side of syrup

(-)

wS = MS / (

* fP * npcS)

(m/s)

Speed in channels side of water

wW = MW / (

* fP * npcW)

(m/s)

Select number of passes connected in series side of syrup

npsS = ?
Select number of passes connected in series side of water

(-)

npsW = ?
Total number of plates in the cooler (section)

(-)

nPTreal = npsS * npcS + npsW * npcw + 1


Total real heat transfer area of one cooler (section) is

(-)

AHE = Ap * nPHT = Ap * (nPTreal 2)

(m2)

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Heat transfer for forced convention in channels On the basis of our previous results we estimate outlet temperatures of syrup and cooling water - (i iteration) and from them physical properties. The next procedure is similar to the previous.

tS1i = ?
- Side of cooled syrup

and

tW1i = ?

Remember that physical parameters depends (among others) on temperature iteration

Specification of Reynolds and Nusselt critera

ReSi = wSi * de /

Si

(-) (-)

NuSi = 0,0303 * ReSi0,809 * PrSi0,43


Specification of heat transfer coefficient

Si

= NuSi *

Si

/ de

(W/m2K)

- Side of cooling water Specification of Reynolds and Nusselt critera

ReWi = wWi * de /

Wi

(-) (-)

NuWi = 0,0303 * ReWi0,809 * PrWi0,43


Specification of heat transfer coefficient

Wi

= NuWi *

Wi

/ de

(W/m2K)

Heat passage coefficient including fouling

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kcalci =

1 1 sWi sP sSi 1 + + + + Wi Wi P Si Si

(W/m2K)

Mean logarithmic temperature difference in the HE (counter flow)


(tS0 tW1i ) (tS1i tW 0) (t t ) ln S0 W1i (tS1i tW0)

tLi =

(K)

Maximal value of heat transfered from cooled syrup in cooling water (without heat loss)

QHWi = kcalci * ATreal * tLi

(W)

New temperature of outgoing cooled syrup is (i + 1 iteration)

tS1i+1 = tS0 QHWi / (MW * cW)

(C)

New temperature of outgoing heated cooling water is (i + 1 iteration)

tW1i+1 = tW0 + QHWi / (MW * cW)

(C)

Now we compare these temperatures with previous i iteration. If there is a difference we repeat these calculations till are temperatures the same. In supplement are results of several variants calculated in Excel file. Here you can see for example an effect of a variant with 2 sections or higher pressure loss on heat transfer area of HE.

Generalization of the procedure on other types of HE

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In a case of HE where is a phase change (condensation, boiling) is the procedure similar, it is that we firstly estimate heat passage coefficient = big iteration loop (1st iteration level). Because for condensation heat transfer coefficient depends on a temperature difference between condensing steam and wall (that is unknown), we must estimate it too = small iteration loop in the big one (2nd iteration level). When is the calculated wall temperature on the condensing steam side equal to the estimated one we can continue in calculations in the big iteration loop. Therefore is this procedure more complicated. Our calculations (temperatures specification) go from this standpoint: Specific heat flux through all interfaces must be the same (from condensing steam to incrustation, through incrustation, through wall, through incrustation and from incrustation to boiling liquid). In this way we can specify temperatures on single interfaces (see fig. 2 there are other indices).

q = s * (ts tis) = =
ib

is

/ sis *(tis tws) =


b

/ sw * (tws twb) =

/ sib * (twb tib) =

* (tib tb)

In the equation is: s steam; is incrustation on steam side; ws wall on steam side; wb wall on boiling side; ib incrustation on boiling side; b boiling liquid

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1.section water syrup

t21

M2 - syrup

syrup

water

t12
M1 - water Temperatures in 1 section

t22 t11

Syrup and cooling water flow in 1 section

Two variants of the plate cooler design


1st section water 2nd section water (50%)

t21 t122

M2 - syrup

syrup

syrup

t112
M1 - water

t221 t121

t222 t111

water (50 %) Connection of 2 HE sections (cooling water in parallel, syrup in series)


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Temperatures in 2 sections

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Comparison of results of 3 variants of the syrup cooler design


Msyrob = 6705 kg/h Mcooling water = 15000 kg/h Variant 1 section > p 190,3 385

Parameter

1 section < p

2 sections > p 205,0 485 302

Q (kW) k (W/m2K)

191,0 257

AHET (m2) number of plates mass of cooler (kg) temperatures (C) - syrup - cooling water

47,4 111 599

30,9 73 394

42,7 102 551

80,0 40,6 35,0 46,0

80,0 40,9 35,0 45,9

80,0 38,4 35,0 56,0 35,0 37,6

pressure loss (kPa) - syrup - cooling water 77 15 203 50 184,6 12,3 14,1

Approximate economical appreciation of 3 variants with 1 and 2 sections (both for higher pL)
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Cooler with 2 sections tSyrOut = 38,4 C AHE = 42,7 m2 Q = 205,0 kW

Cooler with 1 section tSyrOut = 40,9 C AHE = 30,9 m2 Q = 190,3 kW

Data for economical appreciation


Cost of stainless steel heat transfer area (plates) Cost of cool CA = 8000 K/m2 CCOOL = 250 K/GJ

Costs for salaries will be the same for both variants. Costs of maintaining, depreciation etc. will be supposed as some percent of capital costs. Therefore we can neglect them and we can calculate only with these two costs. Syrup pre-cooled in the HE must be after-cooled in another cooler with refrigerant to a needed temperature 10 C with ice water from a cooling circuit e.g. with an ammonia compressor.

Additional costs for heat transfer area for variant with 2 sections CCA = A * CA = (42,7 30,9) * 8000 = 94 400,- K
This value represents higher capital cost.

Additional costs for maintaining and depreciation

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We assume a depreciation time 12 years. Corresponding depreciation rate is c. 8 %. Cost for maintaining we assume as c. 4 % of acquisition cost. Then these additional costs for maintaining and depreciation are

CMD = CCA * (D + M) = 94 000 * (8 + 4) / 100 = 11 330,- K/year Amount of energy saved for 2nd step of syrup cooling QCOOL = Q2 Q1 = 205,0 190,3 = 14,7 kW Amount of saved energy (cool) per year
Line working time

= 200 days / year = 200 * 24 = 4 800 h/y

QCOOLY = QCOOL * QCOOLY = 14,7 * 4800 * 3600 / 1 000 000 = 254,0 GJ / year Cost of saved cool per year CCCOOLY = QCOOLY * CCOOL = 254,0 * 250 = 63 500,- K/year

Annual profit from the variant with 2 sections

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AP = CCCOOLY - CMD = 63 500 11 330 = 52 170,- K/year Simple rate of return of the investment SRR = CCA / AP = 94 400 / 52 170 = 1,81 years

Example of centrifugal pump flow control by throttling

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Design o
Given data: Specify:
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Note: Order: Made by: Date


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HE CALCUL

1. Specificati

- Medium 1: - mean tempe


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3. Liquids (m

calculated speed w1c = M1/(360 w2c = M2/(360


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calculated numb
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calculated total ATC = Q1*1000

calculated numb nPT = ATC/A1


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Medium 2

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Eu2 = 418,6*(R (equation is val ( x=correction) pressure loss in p21 = Eu2*2


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Note: Maxim c

total number o np = nps1*npc


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Pressure lo
Medium 1

Eu1 = 418,6*(R
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pressure loss in
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GIVEN DAT

Type of HE: Section: P

Medium 1 - he
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38 / 59

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CALCULAT
Medium 1

61025539.doc

Number of para Number of pass Liquid speed


39 / 59
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Design o
Given data: Specify:
61025539.doc

40 / 59

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Note:

Order:

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Made by:
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HE CALCUL

1. Specificati
- Medium 1:
61025539.doc

42 / 59

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3. Liquids (m

calculated spee w1c = M1/(360 w2c = M2/(360

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calculated num
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calculated total ATC = Q1*1000

calculated num nPT = ATC/A1


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calculated num
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maximal allowa

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Medium 2 Eu2 = 418,6*(R (equation is val ( x=correction) pressure loss in


45 / 59
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Note: Maxi c

61025539.doc

total number o np = nps1*npc


46 / 59
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Max. amount o Q=k*AHE*tlo

Temperature o Temperature o
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Pressure lo
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Print of results

GIVEN DAT

Type of HE: Section: P


61025539.doc

48 / 59

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CALCULAT
Medium 1

61025539.doc

Number of para Number of pass Liquid speed


49 / 59
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Design o
Given data: Specify:
61025539.doc

50 / 59

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Connection (pa Note: Order: Made by:


51 / 59

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HE CALCUL

1. Specificati

- Medium 1: - mean tempe - specific heat


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3. Liquids (m

calculated speed w1c = M1/(360 w2c = M2/(360


61025539.doc

calculated numb
53 / 59
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5. Specificati

tlog = abs((t22

61025539.doc

calculated total ATC = Q1*1000


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maximal allowa Medium 2

61025539.doc

Eu2 = 418,6*(R (equation is val ( x=correction)


55 / 59
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Note: Maxim c

total number o np = nps1*npc


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56 / 59

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Temperature o Temperature o

Pressure lo
Medium 1
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57 / 59

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If results are OK Print of results

GIVEN DAT

Type of HE: Section: P


61025539.doc

58 / 59

Print date: 8 / 2007 P. Hoffman

CALCULAT
Medium 1

61025539.doc

Number of para Number of pass Liquid speed


59 / 59
Print date: 8 / 2007 P. Hoffman

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