Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Strategies to develop the nation as a brand with the United Arab Emirates as the target market
Brand
Management
Term Paper
Submitted to:
Submitted by:
Group 4
Omaer Ahmad ZR 09 Shaik Mahmood ZR 18 Kawsar Ahmad ZR 50 Rafaat Wasik Ahmed ZR 53 Rashed Al Ahmad Tarique ZR 61 BBA 16th Batch, IBA, DU. 15th June, 2011
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Table of Contents
Brief introduction of the UAE......................................................................................5 Brief introduction of Bangladesh................................................................................7 Branding Potentials of Bangladesh.............................................................................8 3.1 Tourism.............................................................................................................8 3.2 Investment and Export......................................................................................9 3.3.1 EPZs..........................................................................................................11 3.4 Agro-based Industry........................................................................................11 3.5 Frozen Foods................................................................................................... 11 3.6 Leather............................................................................................................ 11 3.7 Labor Pool........................................................................................................12 Justification for choosing the UAE as a target market for Bangladesh......................13 Symbiotic relationship between Bangladesh and UAE..............................................14 5.1 Benefits for Bangladesh..................................................................................14 5.2 Benefits for UAE.............................................................................................. 14 Branding strategies..................................................................................................15 6.1 Exports............................................................................................................15 6.2 Governance ....................................................................................................15 6.3 Culture and Heritage ......................................................................................15 6.4 People .............................................................................................................16 6.5 Tourism...........................................................................................................16 6.6 Investment and immigration...........................................................................16
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6.8 Positioning.......................................................................................................16 Branding Bangladesh Campaign..............................................................................17 7.1 Primary stage changing the exposure of Bangladesh in media....................17 7.1.1 Internet..................................................................................................... 17 7.1.2 Electronic and print media .......................................................................18 7.2 Secondary stage designing interactive touch points....................................19 7.3 Tertiary stage Branding Bangladesh in UAE.................................................20 7.4 Estimated cost of Branding Bangladesh campaign.........................................21 Annex.......................................................................................................................23 PEST Analysis........................................................................................................... 24 A1.1 Bangladesh: Political Factors.........................................................................24 A1.1.1 Tax Policy................................................................................................24 A1.1.2 Employment Laws...................................................................................25 A1.1.3 Environmental Regulations.....................................................................25 A1.1.4 Trade Restrictions and Tariffs.................................................................26 A1.1.5 Political Stability......................................................................................28 A1.2 Bangladesh: Economic Factors......................................................................28 A1.2.1 Economic Growth....................................................................................28 A1.2.2 Interest Rates, Inflation & Exchange Rates.............................................29 A1.3 Bangladesh: Social Factors............................................................................30 A1.4 Bangladesh: Technological Factors...............................................................31 A2.1 UAE: Political Forces......................................................................................36 A2.1.1 Tax Policy................................................................................................36
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A2.1.2 Employment Laws...................................................................................36 A2.1.3 Environmental Regulation.......................................................................37 A2.1.4 Trade Restrictions and Tariffs.................................................................39 A2.1.5 Political Stability......................................................................................41 A2.2 UAE: Economic Factors..................................................................................42 A2.3 UAE: Social Factors........................................................................................43 A2.4 UAE: Technological Factors...........................................................................44 A3 List of Sources.....................................................................................................46
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1 2
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https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html Country Report United Arab Emirates - Economic Research Department, Country Risk Research October 2007
As a result of adverse climatic conditions (nutrient-poor soil, extreme aridity, and high summer temperatures) in the UAE, agriculture represents a relatively small portion (an estimated 3 percent) of the countrys gross domestic product. Dates remain the UAEs major crop in terms of area cultivated, but the production of vegetables has increased dramatically, particularly in Abu Dhabi, and currently generates the most revenue. Other major products are eggs, dairy products, and poultry.3
Country Profile: United Arab Emirates (UAE), Library of Congress Federal Research Division
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4 5
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3.1.7 Mainamati An isolated low, dimpled range of hills, dotted -with more than 50 ancient Buddhist settlements of the 8th to 12th century A.D. known as Mainamati-Laimai range are extended through the centre of the district of Comilla. 3.1.8 Mahasthangarh Located at a distance of 18 km. to the north of Bogra town, Mahasthangarh is the oldest archaeological site of Bangladesh on the western bank of river Karotoa. 3.1.9 Paharpur In Paharpur, a small village 5 km. west of Jamalganj railway station in the greater Rajshahi district, the remains of the most important and the largest known monastery south of the Himalayas has been excavated. 3.1.10 Kuakata Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea), is a rare scenic beauty spot on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. It is one of the rarest sea beaches on earth, which offers the unique beauty of the full view of Rising and Setting of the crimson Sun in the waters of Bay of Bengal. 3.1.11 Sundarbans Located at about 320km. West of Dhaka. Here in the south, spread over anarea of about 6000 sq. km. of delta swamps along the coastal belt of Khulna is the largest mangrove forest in the world, the home of the Royal Bengal Tiger Sundarbans. 3.1.12 Dhaka - The Capital Dhaka is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. Today's Dhaka has a long story of evolution. It was founded during the 10th century. The rich history, ancient establishments, arts and cultural heritage, combined with the natural beauty of Bangladesh, along with the unique lifestyles, practices and hospitality of its ever smiling friendly people, makes visiting Dhaka an Unique Experience for the travelers markets.
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proposed concept of a "Bay of Bengal Growth Triangle" with its apex Chittagong port extending south-west to Calcutta, Madras and Colombo and the south-eastern arm extends through Yangon, to Thailand, to Penang with the third arm to Colombo, this region should have growing attention of the investment world. The following facts deserve attention in relation to assessment of Bangladesh as an investment destination: 1. Bangladesh has never defaulted in its debt-service liabilities to multi-lateral and bilateral donors. 2. Bangladesh grow over 21 million metric tons of food grains, basically rice and some wheat and potatoes which is enough to feed the population of the country, and for building reserve stocks. 3. Bangladesh never experienced negative growth during last 27 years of its independence. 4. Bangladesh exports readymade garments, knitwear, brand name wind cheaters, walking shoes, leather goods, shoes and other products, urea fertilizer, pharmaceutical, shrimps and prawn, vegetables, jute and jute products etc. to sophisticated markets of EU, USA, Japan and many other countries. Garments and related export account for more than US $4 billion. 5. The frequency and intensity of natural disasters are far less in Bangladesh than those in the Philippines, Japan and even the USA; Bangladesh is located outside the major earthquake zones.
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industry has grown as the biggest export earner (76% of total exports), employing more than 2.5 million workforce.6 3.3.1 EPZs In order to stimulate rapid economic growth of the country, particularly through industrialization, the government has adopted an Open Door Policy to attract foreign investment to Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (BEPZA) is the official organ of the government to promote, attract and facilitate foreign investment in the Export Processing Zones. The primary objective of an EPZ is to provide special areas where potential investors would find a congenial investment climate, free from cumbersome procedures. Two EPZs, one in Chittagong and the other near Dhaka are now operational.7
3.6 Leather
Bangladesh produces between 2 and 3 percent of the worlds leather market. Foreign direct investment in this sector along with the production of tanning
6 7 8 9
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chemicals appears to be highly rewarding. Having the basic raw materials for leather goods as well as for the production of leather shoe, a large pool of low cost but trainable labor force together with tariff concession facility to major importing countries under GSP coverage, Bangladesh can be a potential off shore location for leather and leather products.10
of
amount
of
foreign
currency,
should
be
further
encouraged.
10 11
http://www.bizbangladesh.com/potential_sectors_investment.php http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=117470
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CIA World Fact book, June 2010. http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/bangladesh/statistics/ BRAC EPL Macro Economy Series, 28th Feb, 2011 http://www.uaeinteract.com/news/ http://www.austrade.gov.au/Food-to-the-United-Arab-Emirates/default.aspx http://faostat.fao.org/site/342/default.aspx
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Bangladesh
represents
huge
market
for
their
products,
services
and
investments.18 The types of food products that UAE has to import grow extremely well in Bangladesh. These are the reasons on investment. which made us believe that UAE is the suitable target
market in which a branding campaign will come out with better results and return
http://www.priyo.com/business/2011/06/06/uae-entrepreneurs-keen-invest-28105.html
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Agriculturally UAE is nowhere near self sufficient and they need to import tea, vegetables, wheat and others which are the second largest import segment of their economy. With a food processing zone established in Bangladesh they will have easy access to vegetables, tea, wheat and other necessary which are quality products. Also Bangladesh has a low price range for those agro products other than countries like SRILANKA. So for a long term trade deal with Bangladesh will definitely be on the plus side for them.
Branding strategies
Branding a nation is always a daunting one as the audience is vast and difficult to select and reach the targeted audience through usage of varieties of media. Branding Bangladesh also covers the same parameters. The six nation branding paradigms for Bangladesh are discussed below.
6.1 Exports
Bangladesh is a known name for its export items like garment products, leather, Jute, tea and agro products like vegetables, and fruits. While branding Bangladesh in UAE export items like tea, vegetables, wheat and other agro products will be one of the two key issues.
6.2 Governance
Stable governance system of Bangladesh is a key factor when it comes to building a long term strong trade relationship with UAE. But poor management of resources and corruption is a vital issue that hurts our image and perception about Bangladesh.
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6.4 People
Bangladeshis are usually known for their hospitable attitude and openness though the literacy rate is still below 40%. They are deemed as hard working people and strivers and fighters in the course of their lives.
6.5 Tourism
Bangladesh is a land of unique natural beauty. On the south it has the longest sea beach in the world and the largest mangrove forest with varieties of wild animals including tiger. Lack of infrastructure development has stalled tourism of Bangladesh from its advancements.
6.7 Targeting
As we have mentioned earlier, Bangladesh has potentially competitive advantage in two factors of nation branding when it comes to branding itself in UAE and they are export items and investment opportunities. So given the two factors the target segment will be the potential buyers and GCC which operates hiring from Bangladesh in UAE.
6.8 Positioning
The objectives of the whole branding campaign are to position Bangladesh as a reliable supplier of human resource and highly suitable for investments in agro food business. Positioning statement will be:
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Bangladesh is the country, which is not only a reliable source of skilled and semiskilled labor force but also it is the perfect country for investments with great potentials right between Chindia.
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Workshops for journalists and news publishers and bloggers on creating strong positive national image through emphasizing success stories.
Developing information web portals for Bangladesh which will provide comprehensive information about different sectors like tourism, agricultural product and research, garments industry etc.
Restructuring the existing government websites and updating them. Applying search engine optimization to put emphasis on success stories of Bangladesh in major sites like Google search, you tube etc.
7.1.2 Electronic and print media Although it might seem that branding a nation is all about making the foreigners believe in our strengths through positioning our unique selling points, it is also about how the people of the nation itself thinks about them. Nation branding is only viable when the promised goods meets the reality or in other words the people themselves believe in those promises and delivers them. This is why changing the perception of Bangladesh starts from its own media.
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This perception building/ changing process starts from our own media
It is apparent that Bangladeshis have in general a negative perception about Bangladesh itself. As we know media plays the second biggest role in perception building right after words of mouth it is the electronic and print media that is responsible for the negative perception that prevails among us. To prevent this a few steps will be taken and they are given below: Celebrating the success stories from different corners of the country and encouraging people to do believe in that. Reduce publication of negative news which impacts in negative perception and using positive words. Publishing news not to terrorize people but to warn them and act as a watchdog. Round table discussion sessions will be organized with the TV channel directors and leading newspaper editors to illustrate them these issues using examples from countries like Britain and Russia which has successfully implanted these theories in practice.
information
center,
trade
information
center,
Bangladesh
Parjatan
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Restructuring
government
information
centers
like
Bangladesh
public
information center, Agricultural information centers, Disaster management information center etc and making sure that they are updated and anyone can have easy access to them. Designing one stop basic information outlets and websites which will be able to guide foreigners to the desired location. Important touch points like airport, bus terminal and other modes of transport will be monitored closely so that they are hassle free and safe for the foreigners.
19
http://bangladesheconomy.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/bangladesh-uae-sign-agreementon-avoidance-of-double-taxation/ 20 http://www.agramiddleeast.com/
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To encourage UAE government to take in labor force from Bangladesh attempts will be taken to convince our Labor Force Ministry to build a liaison with UAEs Labor Force Ministry.
Seminars will be held focusing on Bangladeshs immense labor force potentials and the training facilities available to convert this labor force into semi-skilled and skilled workers.
Presenting Bangladesh in yearly International film festival through short films about Bangladesh.
Establishing special wing in UAE Bangladeshi embassy for labor force supply and potential investors.
Stage two Event Restructuring govt. info centers One stop info. centers Training facilities development Cost $35000 $ 15000 $ 60000
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Seminar to attract potential investors Seminar on labor force Yearly film festival Special wing in Bangladesh Embassy Audio visual
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Annex
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The following is a detailed PEST analysis of the Bangladesh and the United Arab Emirates.
PEST Analysis
A scan of the macro-environment of the country can be expressed in terms of the following factors:
A1.1.1 Tax Policy According to the latest regulations, the following rates of taxation are applicable for companies: Publicly Traded Company 27.5%
37.5%
Bank, Company
Insurance
&
Financial 42.5%
45%
Publicly
Traded
Mobile
Operator 35%
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Company
According the latest National Board of Revenue, the rate of rebates are the amount of allowable investment is either actual investment in a year or up to 25% of total income or Tk.10,00,000 whichever is less. Tax rebate amounts to 10% of allowable investment.
A1.1.2 Employment Laws The People's Republic of Bangladesh has many laws governing the relationship between workers and employers, including the 1965 Employment of Labour Act and the 1969 Industrial Relations Ordinance. Specific laws practically apply to several industries, but enforcement is lax or virtually nonexistent. A permanent employee at a company must give his employer 14 days notice if he wishes to quit, or one month notice if the employee is paid on a monthly basis.If the employer doesn't provide satisfactory redress, the fired employee can take the case to the Labor Court within 30 days of the termination. The Labor Court may order the payment of redress or even the reinstatement of the worker. An employee terminated on grounds not specifically defined as discharge, dismissal or retrenchment generally can only file grievances if his employer violated requisite notice period for termination or the termination was committed on grounds of union activity. With millions of children employed in industries ranging from cigarette production to fish processing, child labor is pervasive throughout all sectors of unskilled labor in Bangladesh. The garment industry employs the most children. The law on child labor is vague, with various interpretations placing the minimum age of employment at 12 to 13. In practice, the laws are often not enforced and children as young as 8 have been reported working in factories.
A1.1.3 Environmental Regulations Environmental Laws legal measures for the conservation and protection of the environment and ecology. These laws lay down the rights and duties of citizens and public agencies in consonance with the global call for a healthy environment. In 1989, the Ministry of Environment and Forest was established to address environment-related issues. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act was enacted
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in 1995. The Department of Environment was also restructured. The national environment management action plan (NEMAP) has also been finalized and is being implemented.
Advertisement Control Act of 1952 13.Transportation and Safety(Motor Vehicles Ordinance of 1983) A1.1.4 Trade Restrictions and Tariffs Tariff Policy regulates tax on imported and, more rarely, exported goods. It refers to deliberate imposition or withdrawal of tax or changing the existing rate of tax on international trade in pursuit of the government's development objectives. Till 199293, there was also 'export tariff' in the Second Schedule of the Customs Act, which was repealed by the Finance Act 1993.
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The items currently exempted from customs duties include: a) Capital machinery; b) Raw materials of Medicine; c) Poultry Medicine, Feed & machinery; d) Defence stores; e) Chemicals of leather and leather goods; f) Private power generation unit; g) Textile raw materials and machinery; h) Solar power equipment; i) Relief goods; j) Goods for blind and physically retarded people; and k) Import by Embassy and UN.
Free Float
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Top Rate, 2010 Average Protective Rate 2010 Tariff slabs (customs duty) Para-tariffs Existence of high level of NTBs Trade Openness (trade-GDP ratio) 25 20.1 3, 7, 12, 25 Supplementary Duties
No
43
A1.1.5 Political Stability Political conflict in Bangladesh has led to corruption, poverty and severe problems in the educational system. The country is facing increasing instability. A political power vacuum is being filled by radical Islamists, posing a threat to the seculardemocratic system. Since the restoration of democracy in 1991, Bangladesh has gone through several unstable coalitions, parliamentary gridlock, and a 2-year suspension of civil liberties in the middle of this decade by a caretaker government to restore law and order and to tackle corruption. However, these events have not impacted overall policy management or macroeconomic stability. While they may have turned policy attention from more pressing reforms, they have not impaired the governments ability to service its debt obligations. Hence the outlook remains positive for the future.
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Resurgence in private investment, which grew at an annual average rate of 10% and increased its share in GDP from 16% to 18.5%. The share of public investment fell from 7% to 6% during the same period. Growth has been fairly broad-based, although it has benefited from strong exports, mainly in the garment exports. Large remittance inflows fueled growth in construction and services sectors. In agriculture, growth has been rather anemic, averaging just 2% over the same period. On the policy side, a good record on growth seems to have benefited from impressive macro stability. Inflation hasnt touched double digits for almost two decades, while public and external debt situation is fairly comfortable. Saving and investment rates, currently at about 24%, are relatively high compared with other countries at similar income levels. The pace of human development, which is a key contributor to growth and includes progress in health, education and social protection, has surpassed that of most low income countries (LDCs). A1.2.2 Interest Rates, Inflation & Exchange Rates The interest rates spreads in the country have remained adamantly between 5-6% over the last five years. The regulatory authority for banks, the Bangladesh Bank has proved itself more willing to keep the inflation in check rather than let the interest rates fall. As a result, despite the massive shifts in the global food markets, the inflation has not gotten out of hand, which might have resulted in a national uprising. The exchange rate position of the economy has seen a relative devaluation of the BDT in comparison with the USD. Although this has fueled an inflation in prices, the exports sector has benefitted from this devaluation of the BDT. Yea r Real GDP Growth Rate Inflation Rate Exchange Rate Bank Lending Rate
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6.40 %
7.00 %
69.031
14.00
6.60 %
7.20 %
69.893
15.33
6.30 %
9.10 %
68.554
16.00
4.90 %
8.90 %
69.039
16.38
5.70 %
5.40 %
70.59
14.60
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201 0 201 1
1.55
160,000,100. 00
72.86
36.3
56.10
69.50
1.57
162,220,800. 00
72.38
41
56.00
70.33
Website barc.gov.bd
bari.gov.bd
fri.gov.bd
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bfri.gov.bd
bids.org.bd
bina.gov.bd
blri.gov.bd
bmrcbd.org
brri.gov.bd
bsri.gov.bd
bracresearch. org
Research
icddrb.org
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gsb.gov.bd
saarcsmrc.org
srdi.gov.bd
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The following is a list of organizations conducting Renewable Engergy Research & Development in Bangladesh.
Involved Organization Solar Grameen Shakti, Photovoltaic/ CMES, IFRD, Balance of system BUET Solar Water RERC, Dhaka Heaters University, IFRD, CMES Improved Stoves IFRD
Technology
Remarks It is possible to manufacture all the balance of system components (like Charge controller, Cable, Inverter, Converter etc.) locally It is possible to manufacture with local design and fabrication facilities.
Solar CookerParabolic Solar Cooker-Box Type Solar Dryer Solar Wood Seasoning Plant
Solar Passive Architecture Briquette Machine Biogas Water Current Turbine Wind Turbines Solar Photovoltaic / Balance of system Solar Water Heaters
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Number of designs have been development at IFRD with three basic categories- (I) improved stove without chimney (II) improved stove with chimney and (III) improved stove with waste heat utilization. IFRD, ANANDO IFRD has successfully field-tested its design which can quickly raise water to boiling point under clear sunny days. ANANDO is also manufacturing and marketing its products with imported materials and design. IFRD, CMES IFRDs design is made of locally available raw materials. The manufacturing cost of such a cooker is about Tk. 800.00 excluding the cost of utensils. The cookers are now being sold at IFRD. IFRD, BRRI, BAU Different types have been designed and tested with locally available materials. BFRI A simple, inexpensive and effective solar kiln has been developed for seasoning timber using solar radiation. The kiln can be constructed conveniently with locally available materials. Timbers of different species and dimensions can be seasoned throughout the year in the solar kiln. BCSIR A solar house has been designed and built in the BCSIR campus, the purpose is to keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer. BIT Khulna, BRRI Under the RET in Asia program, BIT Khulna is developing better machines with longer screw life. IFRD, LGED, Fixed-Dome type plants are indigenously designed and BAU constructed. Department of DME, BUET is studying a model water current turbine for Mechanical harnessing energy from river current and in the process of Engineering developing a prototype. (DME), BUET BUET Computational models are developed for simulation of Horizontal and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines. Grameen Shakti, It is possible to manufacture all the balance of system CMES, IFRD, components (like Charge controller, Cable, Inverter, BUET Converter etc.) locally. RERC, Dhaka It is possible to manufacture with local design and fabrication University, IFRD, facilities. CMES
Improved Stoves
IFRD
Solar Cooker- IFRD, ANANDO Parabolic Solar Cooker-Box IFRD, CMES, Type ShineHardy Solar Dryer IFRD, BRRI, BAU, ShineHardy Solar Wood BFRI Seasoning Plant
Solar Passive BCSIR Architecture Briquette Machine Biogas BIT Khulna, BRRI
IFRD, LGED, BAU Water Current Department of Turbine Mechanical Engineering (DME), BUET Wind Turbines BUET Computational models are developed for simulation of Horizontal and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines.
Number of designs have been development at IFRD with three basic categories- (I) improved stove without chimney (II) improved stove with chimney and (III) improved stove with waste heat utilization. IFRD has successfully field-tested its design which can quickly raise water to boiling point under clear sunny days. ANANDO is also manufacturing and marketing its products with imported materials and design. IFRDs design is made of locally available raw materials. The manufacturing cost of such a cooker is about Tk. 800.00 excluding the cost of utensils. The cookers are now being sold at IFRD. Different types have been designed and tested with locally available materials. A simple, inexpensive and effective solar kiln has been developed for seasoning timber using solar radiation. The kiln can be constructed conveniently with locally available materials. Timbers of different species and dimensions can be seasoned throughout the year in the solar kiln. A solar house has been designed and built in the BCSIR campus, the purpose is to keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer. Under the RET in Asia program, BIT Khulna is developing better machines with longer screw life. Fixed-Dome type plants are indigenously designed and constructed. DME, BUET is studying a model water current turbine for harnessing energy from river current and in the process of developing a prototype.
The PEST analysis for the UAE is conducted in the following section.
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A2.1.3 Environmental Regulation The UAE Federal Environment Agency was formed in 1993 to manage the environment of the Emirates and to implement national environmental laws. In addition, each Emirate has the ability to formulate additional laws to protect the interests of its individual interests as long as they do not impede on the Federal Laws of the Union. The following is a brief description of the environmental protection laws applicable in the UAE. Year Subject of the Law
Federal Laws 1999 Concerning Exploitation, Conservation, and Development of Living Aquatic Resources in the United Arab Emirates and its Executive Order issued by Ministerial Decree No. (302) of 2001. 1999 Concerning Protection and Development of the Environment as amended, and its Executive Order issued by council of Ministers Decree No. (37) of 2001 which includes: Click here for more information Regulation concerning Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects. Regulation concerning Handling of Hazardous Substances, Hazardous Wastes and Medical Wastes. Regulation concerning Protection of the Marine Environment. Regulation concerning Agricultural Pesticides and Fertilizers. And Council of Ministers Decree No. (12) of 2006 which includes: Regulation concerning Protection of Air from Pollution.
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2002
Protection against its Hazards as amended. 2002 Concerning the Regulation and Control of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and its Executive Order issued by Council of Ministers Decree No. (22) of 2003. Regional Conventions 1979 Kuwait Regional Convention for cooperation on the protection of the marine environment from pollution, 1990 Protocol concerning Marine Pollution resulting from Exploration and
Exploitation of the Continental Shelf, 2003 Convention on Conservation of Wildlife and its Natural Habitats in the GCC countries 2005 Protocol on the Control of Marine Transboundary Movements and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes and Other Wastes. International Conventions 1974 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (LDC),1972 1983 1983 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954 and its amendments. 1983 International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualities (INTERVENTION), 1969. 1983 1989 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), 1969. Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer of 1985 and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of 1987. 1990 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 1973.
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1990
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their disposal, 1989.
1995 1997
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for the year 1992. 1992 Protocol Concerning Amendments on International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), 1969 and International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1971.
Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC), 1976. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification for the year 1994. Convention on Biological Diversity for the year 1992. Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS), 2001. Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (PIC Convention),1998.
2005
Montreal Amendments (London 1990, Copenhagen 1992, Montreal 1997, Bijing 1999).
2005
A2.1.4 Trade Restrictions and Tariffs Import/export prohibitions exist in the United Arab Emirates for several reasons ranging from environmental, health and safety, religious and even moral reasons. The prohibitions are regulated by the GCC and include all kinds of items ranging from drugs, counterfeit money, certain toys and even several types of waste . All imports from Israel are prohibited. The UAE also restricts any oil export due to its membership with the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The UAE restricts any export of goods that may be used as weapons of mass destruction or conventional weapons. They regulate exports by complying with international
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laws.
Most goods in the United Arab Emirates have a 5% tariff rate. There are not any tariff quotas, nuisance rates or duties and taxes on imports. The tariff is based on The Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) and is duty free within other GCC countries. Many imperative items are duty free such as agricultural raw materials, food products, pharmaceutical products and others. The exceptions to the 5% tariff are for alcohol at a 50% tariff and tobacco products at 100% tariff. Duty-free imports are also allowed for, inter alia, international organizations, diplomatic missions, the armed forces, police, and charity institutions.21 There is currently no duty-drawback scheme, although this is permissible under Article 16 of the Executive Supplementary Notes to the GCC Common Customs Law.
The following table shows the tariff rates applicable under the Most Favored Nations(MFN) category:
Bound tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) Duty-free tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) Non-ad valorem tariffs (% of all tariff lines) Tariff quotas (% of all tariff lines) Non-ad valorem tariffs with no AVEs (% of all tariff lines)a Simple average tariff rate Agricultural products (WTO definition) Non-agricultural definition) Agriculture, hunting, forestry and
21
100 5.8
0.4
0.0 0.4
products
(WTO
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logging (ISIC 1) Mining and quarrying (ISIC 2) Manufacturing (ISIC 3) Domestic tariff "spikes" (% of all tariff lines)d International tariff "peaks" (% of all tariff lines) e Overall standard deviation of applied rates "Nuisance" applied rates (% of all tariff lines) f 0.0 5.6 0.5 0.5 5.2
A2.1.5 Political Stability Since its formation in 1971 the UAE has enjoyed a political stability. The existing political structures appear to suit the tribal society of the UAE, and the distribution of huge oil revenues in the form of social and economic infrastructure, high salaries, a high standard of social services, such as health and education, has raised the standard of living for UAE citizens and considerably reduced the likelihood of internal political and social unrest. The UAE government has maintained a relatively good record on human rights since the formation of the state. This in turn has promoted political and social stability. The UAE is an active member of many regional and international associations such as the Arab League, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Relations with many countries of the world, particularly the Western democratic countries, have been traditionally warm. Political and social stability has gone hand in hand with liberal trade policies and has paved the way for investment (domestic and international) in the industrial sector.
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the country on track of high growth rates for the forseeable future, barring external shocks.
Yea r
Populatio n
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sector will only grow further in the future. This sizeable investment will only help
The UAE has also been forging strategic partnerships with hefty organizations such as the Department of Energy of the United States of America in the development of renewable energy sources. Despite the roots of its wealth being forged in oil, a headstart in the sector of renewable energy could give the UAE the kick it needs when the oil eventually runs out.
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A3 List of Sources
1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html 2. Country Report United Arab Emirates - Economic Research Department, Country Risk Research October 2007 3. Country Profile: United Arab Emirates (UAE), Library of Congress Federal Research Division 4. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html 5. Bangladesh Economic Growth Assessment - USAID 6. http://www.cherryfieldsesby.com/docs/pdf/Bangladesh.pdf 7. http://www.dailyneeds.com.bd/epz.html 8. http://www.banglaembassy.com.bh/Investment%20Sectors.htm 9. Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh (1971-2010) 10.http://www.bizbangladesh.com/potential_sectors_investment.php 11.http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=117470 12.CIA World Fact book, June 2010. 13.http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/bangladesh/statistics/ 14.BRAC EPL Macro Economy Series, 28th Feb, 2011 15.http://www.uaeinteract.com/news/ 16.http://www.austrade.gov.au/Food-to-the-United-Arab-Emirates/default.aspx 17.http://faostat.fao.org/site/342/default.aspx
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18.http://www.priyo.com/business/2011/06/06/uae-entrepreneurs-keen-invest-
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