Department of Building and Construction BC6622 Intelligent Building Assessment

Department of Building and Construction

MSc in Building Engineering BC6622 Intelligent Building Assessment

School of Communication and the School of Creative/Visual Arts (Baptist University)

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Department of Building and Construction BC6622 Intelligent Building Assessment

Prepared by

CHENG Hellen Ng Wai Kwong, Alvin Chan Yat Yung Lui Kwok Leung, Chris Lo Yiu Kwok : : C.F. Wong 23rd July 2009

(50358800) (51287370) (51366520) (95246728) (51376906)

Supervised by Submission Date

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Table of Contents Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Executive Summary Introduction Building Description Methodology of Assessment Assumption of Intelligent Building Assessment Finding and Summary of Calculation Special Features Recommendations and Improvements Conclusions References Appendices Page

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Executive Summary

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Introduction

Intelligent buildings (IBs) are the future of building industry in the world. IBs relate to buildings that contain high-speed local area networks, protocols, fiber optics, multimedia environments and even satellite conferencing. It is generally believed that all modern IBs in the world possess advanced information technologies (ITs). The trend is for most building service systems to be integrated into an IT environment, which is an essential tool for an IB. IBs utilize advanced information, control and mechatronic technologies as well as employ smart structure and modern management theories. Asian Institute of Intelligent Buildings (AIIB) was published the Intelligent Building Index (IBI) Manual version 3.0 in 2005. The IBI model is classified into ten indices for intelligent building assessment.

In the past, many commercial buildings (e.g. Two International Finance Centre, Cyberport, Science Park, etc) were obtained the IB Award in Hong Kong. Other types of building have not awarded therefore education institution was chosen for intelligent building assessment. Many difficulties and constraints were occurred during the assessment. Some problems were found out through the assessment; moreover, recommendation will be provided for improvement of building performance to achieve the better intelligent building purposes.

In this report, an educational Institution construction project - School of Communication and the School of Creative/Visual Arts (Baptist University) - is selected as our case study to investigate and evaluate the application for Intelligent Building Assessment Audit by attempting to review the building design and other building provisions to comply with the competency and fulfillment formulated in the
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IBI manual published by Asian Institute of Intelligent Building. 3 Building Description

3.1 Site Location

The School of Communication-cum-School of Creative/Visual Arts Building located at the Southern edge of the Baptist University main campus, though separated from the campus physically by the existing Hong Kong Institution of vocational Education (Lee Wai Lee) and the Fire Station at the North. Renfrew Road, The site is bounded by Road and Baptist Hereford

University Road and is elevated above Hereford Road by approx. 2.5 m with a magnificent view toward the Western Kowloon across the low rise residential development. Site Location

Fig. 1 Site Location

3.2 Building Description and Usage The School of Communication-cum-School of Creative/Visual Arts Building development is a new purpose-built academic building implemented by the Hong Kong Baptist University. The new building will include offices, lecture theatres, classrooms, studios, laboratories (digital graphic communication laboratory), workshops (young director workshop and student workshop), gallery, library, media and resources rooms and storage area for the faculty and the departments. Details of the room data information is shown in Appendix A.
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Fig. 2 Model of the School of Communication-cum-School of Creative/Visual Arts Building

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Fig 3. Construction Site 3.3 Air-conditioning system

Central air-conditioning system was adopted for school of communication-cumschool of creative / visual arts building. Central chiller plant should consist of aircooled type chillers, chilled pumps, hot water pumps, motor control centre, central control and monitoring system (CCMS), and other accessories. For purpose of energy efficiency, the air-cooled chillers should be heat recovery type so that the waste heat rejected by chillers can be used for reheating and humidity control of air-conditioning system.

Large spaces such as the studios, lecture theature, etc., will be served by variable air volume (VAV) system. Air handling units (AHUs) supplied with pre-treated fresh air by primary air units (PAUs) to provide air-conditioning to these areas. Control of PAU and AHU will be through CCMS. Classrooms ad office areas will be served by fan coil unit (FCUs) and PAUs to have localized control and to suit the various operational profiles. Dehumidifier will be provided for studios where require high humidity control and 24 hours air-conditioning for the special equipment housed inside. Variable refrigerant volume (VRV) split type air-conditioners shall be provided to server rooms and studio control room on 5/F and 8/F respectively.

Air handling equipment, central chiller plants, chilled water circulation pumps and ventilation systems should be monitored and controlled via DDC controllers. All alarm, status, feedback, filters, clogged status, etc., should be displayed on the CCMS system.

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3.4 Electrical Installation Active harmonic filter is provided for electrical distribution system to improve the power quality such as total harmonic distortion (THD). Uninterrupted power supply system (UPS) and emergency generator is utilized to maintain the power supply for computer server network system during power interruption. Photo-electric sensor is provided for controlling of landscape lighting. Security, public address, closed circuit television (CCTV), information technology (IT) and computer, telephone and TV system should be provided.

3.5 Lift and Escalator 4 numbers of disabled / passenger lifts and 1 number of cargo / firemen lift served for G/F to 10/F of this building. Disabled / passenger lifts should be machine roomless type and cargo / firemen lift should be machine room type. The capacity of machine roomless type lift is 1600 kg (21 persons) and of machine room type lift is 3000 kg (24persons). The contract speed of machine roomless type lift is 1.75 m/s and of machine room type lift is 1.6 m/s. Two parallel escalators utilized for G/F to 1/F within the building especially for heavy traffic area like gallery where will be public visit.

The summarized information of School of Communication-cum-School of Creative / Visual Arts Building:

Site Area Construction Floor Area Gross Floor Area Total Number of Storeys

: : : :

4300 m2 17,759 m2 14,104 m2 11 Storeys + 1 Basement

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Year of Completion Owner / Management Company Management Office

: :

2011 Hong Kong Baptist University / Facility

The summarized features of this school of communication-cum-school of creative / visual arts building:

Located at Kowloon Tong where is quiet and beautiful environment near low density residential building

Far away from MTR station and bus routes Green roofs as habitat and extra layer of insulation Low emission glass as curtain wall system to limit the solar heat gain Linoleum floor finish used in lobby, corridor, offices, classrooms and studios is an environmental friendly product which is made from natural and raw materials. Life span of linoleum floor can last for 40 years or more.

1860 m2 garden for exhibition space for sculpture and as an informal tutorial area for art students.

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Methodology of Assessment

In this assessment, five members formed an audit team to carry out an audit based on the IBI manual in third edition 2005. Division of modules assessment for handling this audit would be shown:

Name Lo Yiu Kwok Lui Kwok Leung, Chris Ng Wai Kwong, Alvin Chan Yat Yung Cheng Hellen

Modules Audited M1 : Green, M2 : Space M3 : Comfort, M4 : Working Efficiency M5 : Culture, M6 : High-tech Image M7: Safety & Structure, M8 : Management Practice & Security M9 : Cost Effectiveness, M10 : Health Sanitation

The measured data from this building was taken into consideration and our team made judgment after discussion for conclusion. Some technical and detailed information found out on the drawings and design specification from consultant and architect.

To assess the state of this building, the audit process was followed as below:

Collection of building information and technical data

We made an elaborate study of the IBI manual for understand the content of 10 Quality Environment Modules so as to set the required information throughout auditing process. After that, the team would proceed by: To collect background information of building To make a request of information and technical data such as design criteria & features, design specification of equipment & building material, schematic

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diagrams, layout plan provided by architect and consultant.

Assessment of building performance based collected information

We studied the collected information and technical data to assess the building performance based on ten quality environment modules of IBI manual. According to the collected information and technical data, we prepared the audit report by:

To describe the features and deign criteria of building in the report To conduct an interview with architect and consultant to obtain supplementary information.

To analyze the collected information & technical data and complete the assessment in accordance with all element of intelligent building index of IBI modules.

To calculate the overall IBI score in compliance with the weighting for education institution.

Intelligent Building Index (IBI)

Asia Institute of Intelligent Building (AIIB) is able to develop the quantitative and comprehensive assessment method for an intelligent building, call The Intelligent Building Index (The IBI). All buildings, existing or under construction, can be assigned the IBI which is a score within the range from 1 to 100. Referring to Table B of IBI manual, the building rankings by IBI score was shown on the following table:

IBI score 80-100

Ranking A
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Description Distinction Building

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60-79.9 50-59.9 1-49.9

B C D Table B, Building Rankings

Credit Building Fair Building To be improved

The IBI is further categorized into ten indices based on the ten Quality Environment Modules:

M1 : Green M2 : Space M3 : Comfort M4 : Working efficiency M5 : Culture

M6 : High-tech Image M7 : Safety & Structure M8 : Management Practice & Security M9 : Cost Effectiveness M10 : Health & Sanitation

As it is the greatest concern about intelligent building assessment is that the positive impact on the building performance or gain in productivity of building occupants. The attributes of intelligent building are significant and has been taken into account in the design phrase of building.

The ratable degrees of the ten quality environment modules of Intelligent Building Index (IBI) constructed by the Asian Institute of Intelligent Buildings (AIIB) in order to obtain the prevalent and objective views of the building in terms of Intelligent Building;

Relationship between the degree of the ten quality environment modules expressed by our group and the corresponding aspects and comparison of this with the prevalent standards; and

The most significant factors of the building attributed to the intelligent building.

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Assumption of Intelligent Building Assessment

Owing to under construction of school building, on-site measurement should not be carried out throughout site investigation and some photos were taken only. These results of assessment were only reflected the building performance based on the design information and data such as design criteria, technical specification and drawing.

As above mentioned, testing and commissioning of building services system by using instruments and equipments should not be performed in the system operation. The accuracy of results of such parameters for building performance audit is slightly effect.

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Finding and Summary of Calculation

Referring to weighting in the Table 2 of IBI manual, it is classified five type of building for assessment. That is Commercial (Office) Buildings, Hospitals,

Residential Buildings, Hotels and Educational Institutions and the weighting of modules shall be adopted for different type of buildings as shown as below:

Type of Building Commercial (Office) Buildings Hospitals Residential Buildings Hotels Educational Institutions

M1 7 7 6.5 4 7

M2 M3 M4 M5 8.5 7.5 9 6 5 7 6 2 2 9 4 7 6 9 5 4 8.5 6.5 9 8 Table 2 Weighting (Y)

M6 8.5 4 2 7 5

M7 6.5 8 7 6.5 6.5

M8 7 7.5 8 8 6

M9 6 1 3 3 4

M10 8 9 94 8 8

From the site assessment, it was found that the environmental parameters of the building in general lie within standards. In order to analyze the variation in

prevalence of the building in terms of the IBI Model, the results of the various modules were summarized in the following table.

Audit Findings in School of Communication-cum-School of Creative / Visual Arts Building based on IBI Manual Version 3.0 Mi Weighting Factor M1 Green 7 M2 Space 8.5 M3 Comfort 6.5 M4 Working Efficiency 9 M5 Culture 8 M6 High-tech Image 5 M7 Safety & Structure 6.5 M8 Management Practice & Security 6 M9 Cost Effectiveness 4 M10 Health & Sanitation 8 IBI: Building Ranking B (Credit Building)

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As shown from the above table, the highest score index is M4 (Working Efficiency Index) and the lowest score index is M5 (Culture Index). The major reason of the highest score of M4 is simply because the assessed building is a relative new building. The most of the parameters of this index are covered in the design stage of the building construction. Only some minor areas such as the provision of carpark space or factors greatly dependent on the provision of tenants are not fully covered. Whereas the Culture Index scores a lowest mark as the design of the building is mainly put in the fully utilization of the space of the building and hence limited effort had been put on this field.

Module 1 Green Index Many green features are provided for school of communication-cum-school of creative / visual arts building. i) Podium garden and sculpture garden Podium garden is provided at level 3 of the building to serve as an outdoor studio to cope with various requirements in art training. Sculpture garden created through a combination of these feature elements will be a series of outdoor rooms containing seating and spaces for exhibition.

ii)

Air cooled heat recovery chillers

Waste heat of air cooled heat recovery chillers is rejected for using reheating and humidity control of air-conditioning system to achieve the energy efficiency. Module 2 Space Index

i)

Natural Ventilation of Carpark

32 numbers of carpark is located at open space of ground floor. Mechanical

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ventilation is not provided to obtain the energy efficiency because of adequate natural ventilation.

ii)

Sunlight of Carkpark

Electricity power for lighting of carpark can be minimized. There is located at open space of ground floor so sunlight always provides the illumination.

Module 3 Comfort Index Based on the original design, the provisions of lavatory fittings are in-sufficiently provided (refer to 3.11 Lavatory and provision of appliances: Number) especially in 1/F Classroom and Male Toilet at 1-10/F. The following table showing the required and provided number of sanitary fittings inside School of Communication & Creative/ Arts Building:

Use 1/F 2/F Typical at 3-10/F

GFA (sq.m.) 835 920 1,078

Male 180P 90P 100P 6 4 4

W.C. Pan Required Provided 3 3 3 6 4 4

Basin Required Provided 3 3 3 4 2 2

Urinal Required Provided 3 3 3

Use 1/F 2/F Typical at 3-10/F

U.F.S. (s.m.) 835 920 1,078

Female Required 180P 90P 100P 9 5 5

W.C. Pan Provided 6 6 6 Required 6 4 4

Basin Provided 4 4 4

On the other hand, the lift design such as the speed is fast and efficient which using 4

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nos. of 1.75m/s speed of lift, travel time form G/F-10/F can be calculated to use 25.7s is efficient.

The entrance width is found not enough while the peak hour such as morning, lunch & after school period. About a thousand population fall will happen which the improvement work to be considered.

No entertainment facilities should be provided inside the building area which is not suitable for University Campus. Further review planning of room usage and purpose to be recommended, aim to provide a lot bit facilities into building may be better.

Not available to review the condition such as the MVAC, lavatory accessories & Lighting performance etc because the building is still in construction and not yet in operation. Those items is reflected the performance index in future facilities management and to be improved on our assessment after building in operation.

Module 4 Working Efficiency Index Based on the original design, the proper car park provision is provided which have a better convenience for those University Professor, lecturer and outside guest.

The appreciated of the high tech facilities provision such as the ELV, IT & optic fibre trunking and clean earth are provided into the design drawings. Further outside broadband services provider can easily to set up their network inside the building and convenience to further University Facility Management.

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Not available to review the condition such as the MVAC, high tech & Lighting performance etc because the building is still in construction and not yet in operation. Those items is reflected the performance index in future facilities management and to be improved on our assessment after building in operation. Module 5 Culture Index

Since the building is a purpose-built academic building, it focuses more on the interior design for teaching rooms, lecture theatres, workshops, studios, galleries etc. No food and beverage supply is available inside the building. One of the special features is that a 1860 m2 garden for exhibition space for sculpture and as an informal tutorial area for art students which can be treated as a entertainment facility within the building. The landscape immediately adjacent to the building is provided with small garden, walkways and greenery inside the building as a mean to reduce green island effect. The building is sited near other educational institution like HKIVE (Lee Wai Lee), some secondary schools and low density residential buildings. Therefore, the

harmonization is quite good for this building. As it is surrounded by low rise residential building, the external view is acceptable because it is not blocked by any building towards Western Kowloon.

Module 6 High-tech Image Index

In general, this building has a good provision of electrical supply and broadband internet according to its design. Smart card access control system and CCTV system are employed for security control in the building. Raise floor is adopted in server rooms which provides space for trucking, pipe duct etc. It is convenient for facility
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management team to carry out maintenance works with ease. Building automation system (BAS) is included in design to control and monitor the ACMV system, electrical power, lighting, fire services and lift system which greatly reduces the manpower in daily operation and maintenance. Extensive use of robots is still not applicable in the building as the teaching facilities can control easily by occupants and building services equipments are connected with BAS for remote control and monitoring. No horizontal people mover is applied in the building since the site area is only 4300m2. It is not economical to install a system in a small area and the system will occupy more space inside the building. Some items cannot be assessed as the building is still under construction. Module 7 Safety and Structure Index

Since lift supervisory system comprise LCD CCTV monitor and intercom in each lift car. Therefore, IBA scheme item 7.16 (Time to identify trapped passengers without a mobile phone), building management can identify the trapped passenger very fast. As the building is being construction stage, we assume that IBA scheme item 7.23 (Water leakage during raining seasons) and 7.24 (Cracks on finishes or spalling) are not consist of this moment.

Under the IBA scheme item 7.20 (Essential electric power), it backed up by emergency generator. For this building, the percentage of total essential electric power inside a building is more than 20% of the whole power supply. The emergency generator will provide power to emergency, FS system, lifts homing, Firemans lift system, PA system and server computers, and security systems in emergency. Meanwhile, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) will be provided for the computer
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server rooms. It will provide the power to the sever in emergency.

Moreover, under the IBA scheme item 7.30 (Water cooling tower for non-residential buildings), the rating of this element is to count and comment the water treatment and sampling testing of legionella bacteria and total bacteria content. This element is also linked to 8.37 and 10.31.

To be classified as good maintained water cooling tower, there shall be a regular and periodic water treatment and sampling testing scheme to be implemented. In

addition, the self-monitoring cleaning system and 1 no. of chemical tanks is installed so that the quality of chiller water circulates within cooling tower can be maintained. We would comment that design is the strength and score high rating in the element. Also, the proposed weighting of this element is opined to be reasonable since it is contribute one of the critical factor in the hygienic issue and affect the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). M8 Management Practice and Security Index

Under the IBA scheme item 8.19 (Number of unmonitored exits and entrances), the rating of this element is to count the percentage of free exits and entrances under monitoring no matter the points are monitored by CCTV, human keepers or locked. It is opined that the exits and entrances are the connections between the building and the outside world. Hence, the illegal intruders can easily get into and escape from the building through unmonitored exits and entrances. As such, this kind of points shall be eliminated as many as possible.

To get a high score in this element, all the entrances and exits shall be fulfill the
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aforesaid criteria. In addition, the frequent patrol by the security guard also is the strength and score high rating in the element. Also, the proposed weighting of this element is opined to be reasonable since it is contribute one of the critical factors in the security issue and prevent of crime. Module 10 Health & Sanitation Index

Under the IBA scheme item 10.14 (Drainage bonus points), there are three criteria fulfilled by the BU drainage design i.e.:

i.)

Two-pipe system drainage design separating the WC discharge and all others

For the hygiene reason, there is two pipe drainage system design (that means one soil stack and one waste stack) adopted for BU. It can be reduce the distribution of virus through the drainage pipework.

ii.)

Proper access facilities from common areas for regular inspection and maintenance of drainage pipes/fittings

Accordance with the PNAP 218, revised issued in February 2004, all pipe duct should be located in public access area such that all the drainage pipe should be proper accessed.

iii.)

Durable pipe- Epoxy coated

The epoxy coated drainage pipe which is more durable than general used cast iron or uPVC pipe is adopted.

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Special Features

From the assessment of the School, there are some special features and discussed in the following:-

7.1 Rain Water Recycling System Rain Water Recycling system is adopted in the School Institution.

Fig7.1 Rain Water Recycling System The Rain water is collected by the rain water recycling tanks and it shall be pumped into irrigation water tank by passing through the Activated Carbon Filter (Shown on Fig. 7.3) and UV light (Shown on Fig. 7.2) sterilization System. The Activated Carbon Filter is used for remove particle and odor smell and the UV light sterilization is used for kill the bacteria. The details arrangement is shown in Fig. 7.1. The overflow rain water tank shall be collected by the drain with pit so that the flooding of rain water recycling tank can be prevented.

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Fig 7.2 - UV light

Fig. 7.3 Activated Carbon Filter

7.2 Air-cooled Heat Recovery Chiller For purpose of energy efficiency, the air-cooled chillers should be heat recovery type so that the waste heat rejected by chillers can be used for reheating and humidity control of air-conditioning system.

7.3 Green Roof Green roof is used to reduce the heating by adding and thermal resistance value moreover; it can filter pollutants and heavy metals out of rainwater and increase life span of roof. 7.4 Active Harmonic Filter System Active harmonic filter is provided for electrical distribution system to improve the power quality such as total harmonic distortion (THD). Performance of harmonic filter can be achieved total harmonic distortion not greater than 5% of fundamental current to resolve the overheating distribution transformers, overloading neutral conductors, distorted supply voltage waveform and inefficient distribution of electrical power.

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Recommendations and Improvements

Module 2 Space Index

Location of school is far away from main public transport terminals. The routine shuttle bus which is charge fee should be arranged to allocate the location (e.g. MTR station and bus terminal) for busy time.

Module 3 Comfort Index

Review modification of in-sufficient lavatories facilities quantities are essential at 1/F Male & Female Toilet and 2-10/F Male Toilet by E&M consultant. Population fall during peak hour should be reviewed for consideration another entrance assess to avoid the risk of overcrowding happened. Recommendation of provide a entertainment facilities to students are essential for benefit of studying environment. Further performance review is recommended after buildings in operation which will be provided a full picture and accurate result of IB assessment.

Module 4 Working Efficiency Index

The number of carpark area is too limited to satisfy the need of existing users and visitors. In order to increase the efficiency of the building, the number of carpark spaces must be raised to meet the standard/ requirements. Public conference and meeting facilities is provided at building for highly convenience for both student & lecturer. Further performance review is recommended especially in high tech facilities after
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building in operation which will be provided a full picture and accurate result of IB assessment.

Module 7 The Safety and Structure Index

Due to the assessment building is under construction stage, the safety management system, settlement monitoring plan, building risk management plan & security & crowd control management plan are not available to take the assessment. However, these are most important factors for the good management. The scale and scope of these managements are recommended in the future. As the good risk management can reduce the negative consequence occur..

Module 8 - The Management Practice and Security Index

Due to the assessment building is under construction stage, the potable water tanks cleaning frequency, flushing water tanks cleaning frequency, potable & flushing water - management practice & pest and mosquitoes control - management practice are not available to take the assessment. Although the recent outbreaks of avian influenza in a number of countries and areas, including Hong Kong. Therefore we recommended frequency and regular cleaning to maintain tidiness and hygiene is very essential.

Module 9 - Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness ratio calculated is derived from many uncertainty factors and can be suitable for reference only. It is difficult to find and cannot be adopted for new development. It is recommended to develop a coefficient that can simplify the
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formula and can derive a table of benchmarking for different kinds of properties.

Module 10 Health & Sanitation

According to the architectural plan, there is no any refuse collection room. It is inconvenience for the property management operation. Although, there are mostly classroom, lecture hall and office, it is also recommend to provide a refuse collection room and placed the recycling bins in the educational institutions.

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Conclusions

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10

References

The Intelligent Building Index Manual Third Edition, Asia Institute of Intelligent Buildings, January, 2005.

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11

Appendices

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