KNITTING

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 Introduction
Knitting Introduction Weaving vs Knitting Basics of Knitting
Parts of Loop Type of Loop Wales and Courses Technical Face/Back and Upright

Types of Knitted Fabrics

Types of machines Type of Knitted Fabrics Weft Knitting vs Warp Knitting

Needles and Loops Weft Knitted Fabrics Warp Knitted Fabrics

Loops/Stitch Density
Gauge of Machine

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 Knitting is a method of constructing fabric by intermeshing series of loops of one or more yarns. In 1589, first knitting frame was developed by William lee There are two main categories of machine knitting :
Warp knitting and Weft knitting.

Fabrics in both these categories consist essentially of a series of interlinked loops of yarn.

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 A diversity of constructions, and the variety of fibres and finishes available. Generally soft and light weight. Good drapability.
Knitted fabrics conform to the figure without constricting the wearer.

A high order of wrinkle resistance.

Creases in knitted fabric brush right out.

Comfort.
The knitted structure is porous. It allows the skin to breathe freely. Its elasticity permits greater freedom of body movements

Ease of care.
Knitted apparel launders without difficulty.

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Sportswear(conformity, flexibility) Casual wear (comfort) Dresswear (styling) Technical textiles application (medical textile such as hernia mesh, vascular grafts, composite structures, such as nose cones for supersonic aircrafts)

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1. Woven fabrics are constructed by the interlacing of two or more sets of yarns, which does not allow the fabric to stretch to any marked degree unless it is specially stretch-woven. If a certain amount of stretching is necessary, woven fabric must be cut on the biasthat is, in a diagonal direction. Even then the fabric can be stretched only in the direction of the diagonal cutting. The advantage of stretch ability in knitted fabrics is an important consideration where fit and comfort are concerned they fit the figure but do not bind it.

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2. Knitted fabrics also give warmth because of the insulative air pockets contained in this type of construction. Yet they are porous and provide breathing comfort because body movements cause the loops to expand and contract, thus pushing air through close-fitting garments. However, unless the fabric is heavily napped or foam laminated, it is not windproof.

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3. Knitted fabrics are very absorbent, light in weight, and wrinkle-resistant. 4. It is usually unnecessary to iron them after packing and laundering. 5. However they may shrink considerably more than woven cloth unless special techniques and shrinkproofing processes, such as Pak-nit or permasized are used.

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4. Certain kinds of knitted fabric have one serious disadvantage: if one of the loops breaks, a hole is made, which starts a run. This disadvantage can be eliminated by variation in the stitch, which protects the fabric from raveling if any single stitch is broken.

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5. Some knitted fabrics tend to lose their shape and sag. This tendency can be avoided by using a more closely constructed knit, giving the yarn a tighter twist, and using such special techniques as the double knit.

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6. Designs can be changed very rapidly in various types of weft knitting. Therefore, responses to changes in fashion demands can be made much more quickly than is possible with weaving.

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Basic Definitions and Understandings

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 basic unit of knitted structure.

consists of a head (H) and two side limbs or legs (L).

At the base of each leg is a foot (F), which meshes through the head of the loop formed at the previous knitting cycle

The yarn passes from the foot of one loop into the foot and leg of the next loop formed by it
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 When one loop is drawn through another, loop stitch is formed. The loop is the fundamental element of all knitted fabrics. It is a basic unit consisting of a loop of yarn meshed at its base with previously formed basic units (stitches) The stitch is the smallest dimensionally stable unit of all knitted fabrics. It consists of a yarn loop, which is held together by being intermeshed with another stitch or other loops Stitch density is the number of stitches per unit area of a knitted fabric (loops / cm 2) Stitch length is the length of yarn in a knitted loop
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 A needle loop is one which has been drawn through a previous loop
The upper part of the loop produced by the needle drawing the yarn

A sinker loop is one which connects adjacent needle loops.

The lower part of the knitted loop is technically referred as sinker loop connection of two legs belonging to the neighboring stitches lying laterally.

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 Face Loop: During loop formation, when the new loop emerges through the old loop from back to the face (or front) side Back Loop: If the new loop passes from the face side to the back side of old loop, it is called as back loop or weft purl loop Open Loop: loop forming yarns does not cross at the bottom of the loop. Closed Loop: the legs of the loop cross so that the loop closing takes place.

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 The series of loops that intermesh in a vertical direction are known as 'Wale'. i.e. head to feet direction.

The loops that are interconnected widthwise are known as 'Course. i.e. feet to feet direction.

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 Technically Face

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 Technically Back

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 Technically upright
A knitted fabric is technically upright when its courses run horizontally and its wales run vertically, with the heads of the needle loops facing towards the top of the fabric and the course knitted rst situated at the bottom of the fabric.

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 Gauge is the term used to describe the needle spacing It can be defined as the number of needles per unit length. Three chief systems for representing the machine gauge:
Needles/inch Needles/1.5 inch Needles/2 inch.

The gauge is the major factor in determining the fabric density and appearance.
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