Introduction:

A control system is a device or set of devices to manage, command, direct or regulate the behavior of other devices or systems. So now-a-days every system is automated in order to face new challenges.In the present days automated systems have less manual operations, flexibility, reliability and are accurate. Due to this demand every field prefers automated control systems especially in the field of electronics automated systems are giving good performance. This project is about controlling a street light with out human interference using a Microcontroller, RTC and Relays. The street light automatically switches on/off according to the users need.

Aim of the Project:

To design and develop user friendly firmware for auto on/off switching without any human interference. We know that Automation plays an important role in the field of industrial electronics. In the bandwagon of automation the consumption of energy can be reduced to a high degree. As, energy conservation is picked up paramount importance, our effort to conserve energy in Energy Conservation involves avoiding wastage of energy and adopting methods to save energy without sacrificing our comforts and needs. Show accuracy and flexibility of lighting control that will enable the elimination of waste and the 'fine tuning' of burning hours, leading to energy cost savings. Methodology: The working of STREETLIGHT AUTOMATION SYSTEM is as follows: Initially the 230V ac supply is sent to the step down transformer and the voltage level gets reduced to the order of 19V.This is then regulated by using a series of voltage regulators to obtain 5V DC voltage. This voltage is sufficient for the microcontroller to get activated. RTC and LCD are interfaced to microcontroller by using some pull up resistors. The timing data is entered into the micro controller through a series of

switches, S2, S3, S4 and S5. This is sent to the RTC and LCD using the same multiplexed address data bus. The RTC and LCD are enabled using the control pins of the microcontroller. When the set time of the microcontroller matches with that of the RTC, the microcontroller sends a signal and activates one of its pin which is in turn connected to a relay, through a series of buffers. This relay is further connected to a contactor, in the power saver, which controls the power supply to the street lights. In this way the street light automation system works based on the timings set by the user.

Street light controller features:

Micro controller based Two line LCD display Power consumption less than 1 watt Protected from spikes and surges Protected from wide voltage fluctuation Overload protection Short circuit protection High accurate timer Applicable for any load Unmanned accurate on-off operations, avoiding the human errors thus power savings in all factories, stockyards, ports, public lighting systems

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

MICROCONTROLLER
Description:

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful

microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, onchip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. Features:
Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer Power-off Flag

Pin Configurations

Block Diagram

16*2 LCD BLOCK DIAGRAM

REAL TIME CLOCK R.T.C means Real Time Clock. There are many RTCs such as the 12885 series. The devices provide a real-time clock/calendar, one timeof-day alarm, three maskable interrupts with a common interrupt output a programmable square wave, and 114 bytes of battery backed static RAM (113 bytes in the DS12C887 and DS12C887A). The DS12887 integrates a quartz crystal and lithium energy source into a 24-pin encapsulated DIP package. The DS12C887 adds a century byte at address 32h. For all devices, the date at the end of the month is automatically

adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including correction for leap years. The devices also operate in either 24hour or 12-hour format with an AM/PM indicator. A precision temperaturecompensated circuit monitors the status of VCC. If a primary power failure is detected, the device automatically switches to a backup supply. A lithium coin-cell battery can be connected to the VBAT input pin on the DS12885 to maintain time and date operation when primary power is absent. The device is accessed through a multiplexed byte-wide interface, which supports both Intel and Motorola modes. The DS12885 family of RTCs provide 14 bytes of real-time clock/ calendar, alarm, and control/status registers and 114 bytes (113 bytes for DS12C887 and DS12C887A) of nonvolatile, battery-backed static RAM. A time-of-day alarm, three maskable interrupts with a common interrupt output and a programmable square wave output are available. The devices also operate in either 24-hour or 12-hour format with an AM/ PM indicator. A precision temperature-compensated circuit monitors the status of VCC. If a primary power-supply failure is detected, the devices automatically switch to a backup supply. The backup supply input supports a primary battery, such as lithium coin cell. The devices are accessed through a multiplexed address/data bus that supports Intel and Motorola modes. RELAYS: A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be considered to be, in a broad sense, a form of an electrical amplifier. Operation: When a current flows through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts an armature that is mechanically linked to a moving contact. The movement either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact. When the current to the coil is switched off, the armature is returned by a force approximately half as strong as the magnetic force to its relaxed position.

Usually this is a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low voltage application, this is to reduce noise. In a high voltage or high current application, this is to reduce arcing.