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PDC NEWS COMMENTARY

June 2011
Compiled and commented by the Political Defiance Committee (PDC) National Council of the Union of Burma (NCUB)
T H E A C T I V I T I E S O F NLD A N D D O M E S T I C O P P O S I T I O N F O R C E S T HE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NLD AND THE MILITARY JUNTA
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Writer Wai Hmu Thwin was arrested by Special Branch and local police on May 7th for his active role in the NLD's free political prisoner petition campaign. Military Affairs Security Unit and Township Police Force instructed persons in charge of the Wards administration on May 10 to prevent the children going to the school named "Bayda" which was recently moved to Thingangyun Township by a youth network. House owner of "Mother's House Free English Language Course" in North Okkalapa Township in Rangoon run by the NLD's Social Support Group was threatened to dislodge the school on May 22nd. Members of Intelligent Unit photographed free political prisoner campaign of the Tuesday Prayer Group held in Aung Bawga Pagoda on May 22nd. Members of NLD (Youth) in Kawthoung, Tanintharyi Division was denied to make blood donation at the Military Hospital No. 13 with 100 beds capacity by the authorities on May 24th. Former army Capt. Nay Myo Zin who was arrested in April for his active involvement

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Burma's National Police Force has issued monthly instructions to its subunits to watch the movements of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and her party, National League for Democracy. USDP Secretary U Aung Thaung said in the first week of May in Lashio, northern part of Shan States that although current activities of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi were not undermining the government, the activities of former NLD members including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi should be watched over closely. Directives of Chief of Police (Office), issued on May 20th, cited that activities of former NLD members, monks, students and civilians across the country should be closed observed and reported accordingly.

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Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said on May 19th that she did not consider the government amnesty program singed by the President himself on May 16th as an amnesty but rather as commute. NLD spokesperson U Nyan Win and NLD legal advisor lawyer U Aung Thein said on May 16th and 17th that the government's recent amnesty program wasn't aimed for the releases of over 2,000 political prisoners who are still behind bars. Naw Ohn Hla who was released on May 17th and a member of Tuesday Prayer Group, had almost completed her prison terms.

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The USDP led government has gradually increased restrictions upon the National League for Democracy (NLD) while the demands of the NLD have been neglected. On May 6, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi called for active participation in petition campaign for unconditional release of political prisoners launched by Network for Democracy. Only 50 political prisoners out of the freed 14,600 prisoners under the government's amnesty program were released from the prisons on May 16.

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in NLD (Youth)'s Blood Donation Group, was charged under Electronic Act (33). Blood donation, supports for the children of the poor and other social activities led by former independent MP U Win Ko Ko in Thanlwin Township, Rangoon Region was prevented by the authorities. Likewise, Social activities of former independent MP Dr Saw Naing and youth networks in South Okkalapa Township were also questioned by the authorities. Documentary videos and CDs about activities of Free Funeral Association (Rangoon) led by movie actor U Kyaw Thu, who is also close with NLD, were not permitted to distribute without permission from Press Scrutiny and Registration Division. National League for Democracy (NLD), issued a statement on May 20th, condemning tourism, saying it damages the environment and stressing lack of government's attention to preserve it. Pro-democracy leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said on May 22nd that even though new administration has been emerged in Burma, no meaningful change has been realized yet. She also cited that ignoring the result of the general election in 1990 was disrespectful to the will of the Burmese people and calling it "a historically inappropriate policy that damaged the image of the country". Dr Nay Zin Latt, a member of Political Advisory Team to President Thein Sein, said on May 26th that both sides - the incumbent government and NLD led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi should try to reach national reconciliation for the benefits for all. NLD's Vice Chairperson Thura U Tin Oo cautioned that it was important not to trick on people of Burma and the world by conducting workshops with academics, forming the implementing committees for the ministries. On May 27th, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi responded on Burma's Foreign Minister's call to the US government to accept the country's legal name "Myanmar" in a bid to promote bilateral relationships, that the NLD has not accepted the name Myanmar because the change to that name was made only at the wish of the ruling regime.
T HE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHNIC GROUPS AND THE NEW REGIME

The civil war in Burma is very likely to recur due to the USDP led government's ongoing offensives in the ethnic areas. The intensified fighting broke out in northern and southern Shan States during May. Shan States Army (South) stated on May 11th that the fighting, occurred near Tonelaw village, Mongkaung Township, Southern Shan States, resulted 11 deaths including Lt-Col Than Htike Wai who was a battalion commander of Light Infantry Battalion # 422 under Military Operation Command # 7 , 15 wounded and it captured 15 weapons. While Shan States Army (North) was continuing its military activities, tactical strategic commander Col. Khing Zaw of Tangyan strategic command ordered militias in Mongpan and Lawma for attachment on May 10th. Northeast Military Command Gen. Aung Kyaw Zaw held a meeting with militia leaders from Tangyan and Mongyan on May 17th in response to SSA (North)'s attack the check point at the east of Tangyan on May 14th. Militia leaders of Loipha, Kalo sub-Township Meinkhe, Hsipaw Township were asked to persuade SSA(North) in Wanhai to agree to take border guard force plan. Local people in Tangyan Twonship were forced to flee into southern Shan States due to the regime's fierce attacks against SSA (North) with over 20 battalions. On May 21th, Gen Sao Htin of SSA (North), who is currently serving 106 years imprisonments, was taken back to Sittwe prison after undergoing surgery on his right eye at Sittwe Monk Hospital.
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May 21st marked the 53rd anniversary of the Shan States Day and the ceremony was held at headquarters of SSA (South) to which leaders of SSA (North) attended. Their joint statement stressed to unite two groups as one and to cooperate political and military affairs under one flag. Shan people and other ethnic armed groups welcomed their reunification. The regime made an accusation against SSA(South) that it was their responsible for the missing of 4 Chinese engineers working at the Tarsan Dam construction site on Salween river on May 17th. Tension between Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) and USDP led government were high. Battalion # 25 under Brigade # 5 of Kachin Independence Army (KIA) based at the west bank of Tarpai river (aka) Tarkhawkha was fired three rounds of 75 MM rocket by LIB # 320 on May 18th. The fighting broke out when a column of LIB # 121 approached to a KIA military post which was located 20 miles west of Myitkyina in the night of May 19th. U La Nan, joint general secretary of KIO, said on May 20th that KIO had already sent its official letter to the government to withdraw their troops operating in the areas the KIA Battalion # 5 controlled and all KIA troops were put in alert. The government troops were reportedly retreated on May 16th, he said. However, the first military confrontation was occurred between IB # 105 and KIA Battalion # 27 in the KIA controlled area in Manse. At the end of May, two more battalions were deployed near KIA Battalion # 9 in northern Shan States. KIO Chairperson U Lanwaw Zawng Hra sent an open letter to the Chinese President Hu Jintao on May 16, citing to stop the planned dam construction in confluence area that could lead to civil war. Although the tension were high between KIA and the government troops, the civilian government hired 50 Chinese engineers for the road construction from Tharyakone village, Shweku Township, Kachin State to Namkham Township, northern Shan States. KIO asked Chinese nationals working at the gold mining around Namsam Yan areas to return home on May 24th. The civilian government set ultimatum to UWSA to withdraw its troops operating outside of the agreed territories on April 30 as the last date. But UWSA withdrew only some troops belong to Brigade # 468 in Mongyai, eastern part of Shan States. An UWSA official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said on May 18th that President Thein Sein led government's call for national reconciliation was just spurious. United Nationalities Federal Council (Union of Burma), consists of 12 ethnic armed groups; Cease Fired Groups and Non Cease Fired Groups; was formed on February 17th but it was reorganized with core 6 member organizations such as KIO, SSPP, KNU, KNPP, NMSP and CN, said the group spokesperson Nai Han Thar on May 17th. While joint forces of KNU and DKBA continued fighting against USDP led government's troops, there were mutinies and desertions among the DKBA troops (Border Guard Force). On May 11th (afternoon) fighting broke out between KNLA Battalion # 201 and IB #372 which resulted in 6 deaths and 7 wounded from the government side and 2 wounded from the KNLA. Joint force of troops under command of Lt.Col Kalo Htoo of Battalion # 18, Brigade # 6, KNLA and troops under command of Lt.Col Kyaw Thet of DKBA Brigade # 5, attacked LIB # 230 and LIB # 97 under command of Military Operation Command # 12 including 8 check points in west of Kawkayaik Township. An army lieutenant from the government side was killed in these attacks.

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On May 15th, the government military stations based in Tamilegone and Chaungtaw, Kawkayaik Township were attacked by the Karen joint forces. On May 28th, the Karen joint forces engaged in fighting with the government troops which resulted death of one warrant officer including 4 wounded. On May 4th, one sergeant and one private soldier of IB # 231 under MOC # 12 along with 4 weapons and one radio surrendered to KNLA Battalion # 201. A total of 359 clashes have taken place between the Karen joint force and the government troops from January to April 2011, said KNLA Brigade commander Maj-Gen Saw Jonny on May 18th. On May 15th, LIB # 349/ 451 and 376 under command of MOC # 9 and Southern Military Command destroyed houses, paddy seed stocks in Yaethowgyi area, Thandaung Township, Taungngu District, and sentry huts in paddy fields in 20 Karen villages in Kyaukgyi Township, Pegu Division, as part of their scorched earth policy operating in KNLA controlled areas in eastern Pegu. The New Light of Myanmar reported on May 24th that KNU opened fire at 5 passenger buses en route from Ye on Ye-Thanbyuzayat Road in Mon State on May 23rd. But Maj-Saw Hla Ngwe, a spokesperson of KNU, denied it. KNU appealed to UN and International community on May 17th to form a commission of inquiry to investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Burma Army in their military operations in the ethnic areas. On May 24th troops from Border Guard Force # 1012 of DKBA under command of Commander Bi came to join with DKBA Brigade # 5 led by Maj-Gen Saw Lar Bwe and made a fresh attack the troops under command of Commander Ba Thein based in Htoolo area, Hlaing Bwe Township. On the same day, the breakaway DKBA troops captured DKBA Headquarters in Myaing Gyi Nyu, Hlaing Bwe Towship and removed BGF badges from their uniforms and replaced them with their old DKBA insignia. Former Commander in Chief General Kyaw Than escaped from the attack, the news reported. On May 19th, New Mon State Party (NMSP) declined the report that Mon State Prime Minister U Ohn Myint had offered to hold a peace talk between New Mon State Party and USDP led government. Nai Aie Con, a Mon National Education Department (MNED) committee member, said on May 2nd that the newly appointed Burmese government continued to allow Mon students, from the ninth and tenth grades, the opportunity to take exams at the government schools during the 2011 academic year despite the end to the ceasefire agreement with the New Mon State Party (NMSP). Serious of bomb blasts occurred in Burma during May. IMNA news agency reported on May 20th quoting an account of a passenger light truck, which was taken hostage by an armed group in Mudon Township that at 6 am on May 14th, those unidentified armed groups who exploded Telecommunications Office in Mudon and exchanged fire with security forces which resulted one death of security police were members of Mon Peoples' Liberation Army (MPLA) according to their spoken language and their uniforms. 2 passengers were killed and 9 were wounded due to the bomb explosion on Car No. 3 of the No.3 Rangoon-Mandalay express train between Shwemyo, Takgone Township, Naypyidaw Province and Sinthae train station at 4 pm on May 18th. A bomb was blasted at the phone booth in the compound of Post and Communication Department near Myawaddy Police Station at about 8:30 am on May 19th. KIO General Secretary U Lan Na denied on May 24 that U Zaw Aung who was arrested
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with explosive materials in hands on May 21st by Northern Military Command, was not belonged to KIO. Naypyidaw government strengthened the security across the country including capital Naypyidaw while Office of Chief of Police instructed to investigate the "destructive elements." Because of the USDP's pressure, the governor of Thailands Tak Province Governor Nai Samajlaipha warned in the press conference held in Mae Sod Municipal Office on May 23rd that non- governmental organizations based in Mae Sot not to get involved with Burmese opposition groups operating along the Thai-Burmese border and local Thai authorities put more restrictions on ethnic armed groups and political organization. 31 Arakan and Karen freedom fighters out of 34 in total who were imprisoned over 12 years in Kolkata Presidential Prison in India were released on May 19th.
T HE ACTIVITIES OF NLD AND DOMESTIC OPPOSITION FORCES

The NLD released the Statement on May Day on May 1st, expressing its commitment to formation of Trade Union Congress in order to protect workers' rights. Media law training for journalists, lawyers and other concerned businesspeople, 105 attendees in total, was held in NLD Headquarters Office from May 1st to May 19th in a bid to help journalists in avoiding breaching laws when they cover the news. NLD (Taunggo township) opened a Free Class for high school students of the poor families on May 2nd. NLD Information Department In-charge U Ohn Kyaing said on May 4th that the SubCommittee for Protection and Preservation of Environment was formed. U Ohn Kyaing said on May 5th that issues about farm lands confiscation and violation of rights protected by laws were broadly discussed in the training for the peasant facilitated by legal assistance team of NLD. Monthly meeting of CRPP was held in the NLD's GHQ office on May 6th. CRPP General Secretary U Aye Thar Aung said on the same day that it would organize an Academic Paper Discussion on the 21st Century Panglong Conference. On May 7th, Health Care Network organized by NLD in Pegu Township provided free medical check-ups and medicines to about 100 villagers at Sayadaw U Katti's Buddhist monastery in Pegu. The 10th Ceremony for Scholarship Program was held in the NLD GHQ office on May 10th. NLD leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi mentioned in her speech for the ceremony that having believed that education for the children bears future of the country, children should be raised to be politically conscious and mindful persons to take the country's affairs. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi donated 1 million Kyat to a monastic school, which had no outside help, in Kyawekan Inntaw village, Kyaut Padaung Township, Mandalay. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said on May 13 that she would begin tour across the country soon. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi stressed importance of the non-partisan role of media in the first
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Although political activists including members of National League for Democracy (NLD) received more restrictions from the USPD led government, grassroots networks organized by the NLD were escalating their political, social, diplomatic activities month after month.

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batch of Journalism Training held in the NLD GHQ office in Rangoon on May 15th. 36 members of NLD (Youth) and 15 youth members of NLD Information Department attended the training and it completed on May 23rd. About 30 people consisting members of Tuesday Prayer Group, Youth Networks, Blood Donation Group and NLD (Khayan Thonegwa Township) held prayer services at Shwedagone Pagoda and Dagonmyothit for the releases of political prisoners. Naw Ohn Hla, who was recently released from the prison and a member of Tuesday Prayer Group, said on May 25th that prayer services for the releases of political prisoners would be extended to hold on Sundays. NLD Vice Chairperson U Tin Oo said on May 18th that NLD was planning to provide medical assistance to those former political prisoners who are in poor health condition. NLD's legal assistance team has been providing legal assistance for those who were arbitrarily arrested for their political convictions including former Capt. Nay Myo Zin. On May 19th, Daw Aung Suu Kyi and U Win Tin criticized the civilian government's amnesty program under which a few political prisoners were released out of over 15,000 freed prisoners and reiterated their commitments to free unconditional releases of all political prisoners and to achieve national reconciliation. On May 23rd, the Photo Exhibits called "Paintings created by light" was organized in NLD's Shwegonedine GHQ office in a bid to expend network with the photographers. CRPP General Secretary U Aye Thar Aung reaffirmed on May 27th that they would continue to uphold the result of the 1990 general elections. Law Training was held on May 28th joinly organized by members of the NLD's social support group and social support group of Thonegwa Township, Rangoon Division. The 8th anniversary of the Depayin massacre was organized by members of NLD from Mandalay and Sagaing at Khinmakan Monastery in Mandalay on May 30th. About 150 NLD members including NLD Mandalay Division Chairperson U Thein Tan and NLD Sagaing Division Chairperson U Baba attended the event and offered donations to the 18 monks. Ko Min Thein, one of the survivors of the Depayin massacre, called for investigation of the perpetrators and the government's official apology for those who were killed, wounded and lost their loved ones. NLD continued to increase engagement with international community. Members of NLD along with members of NDF, Democratic Party (Myanmar) and NUP attended dinner party on commemoration of European Day held in Rangoon's Chatrium Hotel on May 13th. On May 4th, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi gave her videotaped speech to opening of ASEAN Civil Society Forum and ASEAN People Forum, urging to give helps for the Burma's democracy struggle. During second week of May, in a phone interview with German broadcaster DWTV, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said that she hasnt seen any meaningful change in Burma since the November 2010 elections as majority of cabinet members of the current government are merely same people of its predecessor. She also responded that pro-democracy struggle in Burma couldn't hope to get supports from ASEAN and India and stressed that self-reliance was important. Mr. Larry M. Dinger who is Charg dAffaires of the Embassy of the United

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States of America in Rangoon, Burma, met members of NDF members in Magwe Division on May 9th during his visit to Magwe Division. In that meeting, Vice Chairperson Daw Khin Saw Htay of NLD Yaenangchaung Township briefed how Burma was facing political instabilities even though it gained the independence for 64 years. NLD leader U Win Tin said on May 9th that he found it very disturbing that the Austrian ambassador to Burma and Thailand, Dr Johannes Peterlik accompanied representatives of an Austrian defense firm as part of a recent trade and investment delegation visit to Rangoon. On May 12th, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and NLD leaders met Special Adviser to the Secretary-General Mr. Vijay Nambiar and she urged that Burmese government should put more effort in national political changes rather than taking ASEAN Chairmanship. On May 13th, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi met Norwegian Deputy Foreign Minister Mr. Espen Barth Eide. He reiterated the Norwegian government's support to Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Burmese people's struggle for democracy and human rights. On May 18th, members of Central Committee of NLD and CRPP including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi met Mr. Joseph Yun, Deputy Assistant Secretary Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs U.S. Department of State. Mr. Yun affirmed that US government would attempt to achieve national reconciliation and freedom of political prisoners. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi sent her videotaped speech to the conference of sexual violence against women in conflict zones, citing "Rape is used in my country as a weapon against those who only want to live in peace, who only want to assert their basic human rights." The conference was held in Montebello resort, Quebec in Canada on May 24th. On May 30th, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi held cyber discussion with university students from Hong Kong University about situations in Burma and political prisoners. Prison protests were occurred in the light of the USPD led government's amnesty program, prison conditions and poor health cares. AAPP released a statement on May 20th that female political prisoners staged on hunger strike in Insein Prison on May 17th. A family member of political prisoner said that political prisoners in Insein Prison U Withautda, U Yawada, U Witharla, Ko Zaw Tun Naing, Ko Ko Aung, Ko Aung Naing, Ko Saw Naing, Saw Eh Htoo and Saw Noel began the protest at 9:00 am on May 21st. On May 27th, political prisoners in Kalay Prison led by U Gambira and U Nyipu, a MP of the 1990 general elections, staged a protest due to disrespectful to their six demands regarding prisoner rights which were submitted to President of Burma, UNSC, ASEAN and Asia Human Rights Commission on May 11th. Ko Soe Min Thein, who was recently released from Kani Prison, Sagaing Division, said on May 31 that political prisoners in Kani Prison had already planned to stage on hunger strike on May 30th. Political organizations and activists condemned the USDP led government's amnesty program. On May 17th, U Chit Khin, U Chit Phae, U Aung Phae, Ko Zaw Min Tun and Ko Aung Soe Wai, who were former political prisoners in Twintay Township, held prayer service for the releases of political prisoners and poured water the Sacred Banyan Tree. United Nationalities Alliance highlighted on May 22nd that the President's amnesty program was contrary to his inauguration speech to the nation. The ad hoc Group of Democratic Party Friends (GDPF), an alliance of 11 Burmese political parties which took part in the 2010

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general elections, sent an open letter, urging to unconditionally release political prisoners who remain behind bars. If the government didn't release them before June 5th, 4 party candidates to the 2010 general election would stage a protest, warned Independent candidate U Win Cho on May 30th. The recently released political prisoners and families of political prisoners who remain behind bars appealed USDP led government to review its amnesty program. Hip Hop singer Zeya Thaw who was released on May 17th said that he would thrive at his best to release of political prisoners on the day he released. He also said on May 25th that young generation in Burma should stand with the righteous and fight against the unjust things. Myanmar National Trade Union called for the formation of labor unions which can guarantee the rights of workers in Burma to the USDP led government on the occasion of the 121st May Day. About 80 workers of a garment factory which was located on No. 6 Sattma Street, Shwepyithar Industrial Zone # 1 on Shwepyithar Township, protested against the factory owner's decision that two supervisors were fired without paying compensation. Labor Department of northern region ruled out that factor owners provide compensation for the two employees who lost their jobs. On May 3rd, the press community requested the government to revoke restrictions on printings and censorship imposed by the previous regime. On May 1st, 48 farmers whose farm lands were seized in Palin Myogyi village, Myothit Township, Magwe region sent a petition to the president, appealing to return their confiscated lands. U Maung Maung Oo, a resident of Ward # 8, said that the residents around Trading Center Project in Mandalay who lost their lands to the government also sent a complaint letter to the president on May 14th.
T H E M I L I TA RY J U N TA A N D D O M E S T I C S I T U AT I O N

USDP led government reinstated National Intelligence Branch (NIB) to tackle problems in national politics, economics and security. The Irrawaddy reported on May 3rd that General Min Aung Hlaing, a newly appointed Commander in Chief, would head the NIB and over 200 officers from the rank of Captain to Colonel from different parts of the country were reportedly appointed by Min Aung Hlaing to work for the new intelligence unit. The reshuffle among commanders of Military Operation Command as the first thing since General Min Aung Hlaing took the office. MOC # 1 Commander Col Aung Ye Win was reassigned as MOC# 18 commander, MOC#18 commander Col Min Zaw as Headmaster of Defense Service Medical Academy, MOC#9 commander Maj-Gen Tin Swe Win as Headmaster of Defense Service Academy, commander of Light Infantry Division # 55 as MOC # 9 commander, MOC # 16 commander Col Win Thein to the office of Command in Chief in Naypyidaw.

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USDP led government has been trying to stabilize its mechanisms at all levels and to gain more recognition from the super power countries at the same time. On the other hand, the government has continued its military offensives against some ethnic cease-fired groups and oppressions on the opposition groups inside Burma.

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T HE SITUATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE MILITARY JUNTA

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In May, the 44 implementation committees were formed consisting of executive directors of each ministry, ministers and secretaries of region and divisions under patronage of the president and vice presidents. Myanmar Investment Commission that was established in SLOCR/SPDC was reformed with the new leadership. Former Maj Gen Tin Naing Thien, who is Minister of National Planning and Economic Development Ministry and Minister of Livestock Breeding and Fisheries, was named as Chairperson and other 16 high ranking officers were also appointed. Minister of Commerce U Win Myint said on May 9th that although existence of Subcommittee on Commodity Price which had been formed by the previous regime came to cease under the new constitution, the subcommittee would be reformed on ad hoc basis. The Xinhua news agency reported on May 1st that Burmese government formed a working group on satellite which consists of 5 members of Central Committee and 7 working team members and signed an MOU with Thai government. Myanmar Writers and Journalists Association appointed 6 writers to fill the Central Committee positions. U Khin Shwe, an owner of Zaykabar Company, said on May 10th that the previous 3 private associations such as Myanmar Hotel Association, Myanmar Tourism Association, Market Promoting Committee would be extended to 10 associations under the Myanmar Transportation Board. The government began appointments of chief of local administration in the nationwide including 8 townships in Naypyidaw in early May but members of USDP and army retired personnel were mostly appointed. In a bid to organize supports of members of parliament, the USDP led government issued license to purchase of 5.5 million kyat worth- automobiles joint manufactured by Burma's industrial department and Chinese company, and the 300,000 Kyat worth-cellphones to the members of parliament. 9 USDP MPs, 1 female Arakanese MP and Thingangwin MP U Thein Nyunt and Lathar MP U Kyi Myint were awarded the automobile purchase incenses as rewards for their supports to the USDP government, said U Kyi Myitnt on May 3rd. Changes in the administrations at all levels of the government were mainly discussed at the meeting of speakers of three houses and members of parliamentary standing committees held on May 23rd. There were some problems arisen regarding power distribution between federal and regional governments, and between civil entities and military entities. According to the constitution, region and state governments are entitled to collect 19 categories of taxes including local national resources, but members of the region and state governments said that region and state governments were not yet able to fully operate the function of a government including taxation. A gold mining business owner said on May 20th that the relationship between Maj-Gen Soe Lwin, the commander of the Northwestern Regional Command, and Sagaing Region Chief Minister Thar Aye was soured in recent months over control of lucrative concessions. According to the local residents, army and police and government servants in the Arakan State were more abusive to the people as the Arakan State Government led by U Hla Maung Tin was merely a puppet one. Also, Region and State Governments were being manipulated by the ruling party, USDP. On May 3rd, Immigration Minister U Hla Han, had been appointed

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by the Arakan Region Government, was ousted and his position was replaced with an army delegate. Chin Ethnic Affairs Minister Puno Htan Kap, a cabinet member of Sagain Region Government, said on May 26th that he felt he had no mandate that a minister should be bestowed and spent his own money for the government affairs. The USDP led government continued to gain supports from ASEAN member countries, China, India, US and other super power countries. On May 5th, President Thein Sein briefed Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono about political developments in Burma. On May 7th, he attended the 18th ASEAN Summit held in Jakarta, Indonesia. On May 26th, President Thein Sein paid a state visit to Beijing, Chian. On May 17th, he met with President Hu Jintao and other Chinese leaders and signed the 9 bilateral agreements. Chinese Development Bank agreed, during his visit, to give out a loan package (Euro 540 millions or USD 765 millions) to the USDP led government. President Thein Sein's visit to China was coincident with North Korean Communist Leader Kim Jong Il's visit. Newly appointed Commander in Chief Gen. Min Aung Hlaig was also planning to make a visit to China. Cabinet members of the USDP led government met with Dr. Ajay Chhiber, UN Assistant Secretary-General and Assistant Administrator, and discussed about the programs of the United Nations' millennium development goals in Burma (2012 2015). Foreign Minister U Wunna Maung Lwin, Interior Minister Lft-Gen Ko Ko met Special Adviser to the SecretaryGeneral Mr. Vijay Nambiar in Naypyidaw on May 11th. Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China's Central Military Commission Gen Xu Chihou was cordially welcomed by the USDP led government and Burmese military top brasses in Naypyidaw on May 12th. On the same day, the government officials received a visit of Norwegian Deputy Foreign Minister Mr. Eepen Barth Eide. On May 18th, Forieng Affairs Minister U Wunna Maung Lwin, Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw U Nanda Kyaw Swar met Mr. Joseph Yun, Deputy Assistant Secretary Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs U.S. Department of State, in Naypyidaw.

There were also changes in Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP). Central Committee members were reformed with 17 committee members from 27 members previously under the leadership of Acting Party's Chairperson Thura Shwe Mann, General Secretary U Htayt Oo, Secretary (1) U Aung Thaung, Secretary (2) U Thein Zaw and U Maung Oo. The new party administration took effect on May 2nd. A party official said on May 27th that GHQ Office administrator Thura Myint Oo and Person In charge of Management Department U Ohn Han resigned after the USDP (GHQ Office) had moved from Rangoon to Naypyidaw. In early May, Secretary (1) U Aung Thaung made a tour in northern and eastern Shan States to inspect the party's branch offices.

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A workshop on rural development and poverty alleviation in Burma under guidance of President and Vice President, was held in Naypyidaw on May 20th. During the three day long workshop, 26 papers, written by the academics including President Advisory Members Dr. U Myint, Dr Sat Aung and U Sein Hla Bo, were discussed.

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USDP General Secretary U Htay Oo said in the last week of May that Snr-Gen Than Shwe really retired from the positions of SPDC Chairperson and Commander in Chief of the armed forces. According to sources close to the USDP led government and Naypyidaw, Snr-Gen Than Shwe was believed to remain control the government led by U Thein Sein and the armed forces led by Gen Min Aung Hlaing. The photo of Snr-Gen Than Shwe was still seen on the wall of some offices under Interior Minister. In early May, Snr-Gen Than Shwe invited some retired generals Maj-Gen Tint Swe, Gen Hla Oo, Mar-Gen Than Tin, Gen Khin Maung Kyaw and Lft-Gen Chit Swe to his residence in Naypyidaw.
T HE SOCIO - ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE PEOPLE

The total investment volume in Burma for the 2010 2011 fiscal year was USD 20 billion which was doubled than last year. Although poverty in Burma dropped 6 % in last 5 years, 26.5 % of Burmese citizens earned less than 1 USD per day, according to the USESCAP report released on May 11th. The Poverty Line set by United Nations is population living on less than 1.25 $ per day.
I N T E R N AT I O N A L P R E S S U R E

While the western countries including the US government continued to impose pressure on the USDP led government, some countries that had business interests in Burma showed soften policy towards Burma. On May 3rd, more than 30 US lawmakers singed an appeal to President Obama urging him to redouble his administration's efforts to establish the

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Farm lands confiscations by the USDP led government, the army and their business associates were continued. Kayan New Generation Youth said on May 31st that about 8,000 people from 23 villages in the Paunglong region are being forced by Burmese military authorities to relocate to make way for the Upper Paungloung hydro-electric dam project on the Paunglong River in southwestern Shan State. Burmese people are still in great danger of child soldiers and forcible recruits as Burmese Defense Department (Army) has instructed to enlist more soldiers as part of their plan to build a modern army. The report of UN's Children and Armed Conflict released on May 11th pointed out the continual use of child soldiers in Burma and urged that Burmese government should tackle it as a national planning.

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Over 1,000 Burmese refugees who had fled into Paikhalan village, Umphang District, Tak Province, Thailand, because of armed fighting were forced to return to their homes by the Thai authorities. Burmese refugees along the border were concerned over the comment of Thai government's spokesperson Panitan Wattanayagorn about Thai government's plan to repatriate the Burmese refugees. Karen Human Rights Group said on May 12 that due to the Burma's civil war and natural disasters, almost 90,000 villagers of 118 villages in Luthaw Township, Phapon District, Karen State were facing acute food shortage.

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Due to the ongoing military tensions in Karen, Shan and Kachin states, local residents have been fleeing into the neighboring countries, or into urban areas or hiding into jungle. The Burmese army and BGF's killings, portages, forcibly recruits, human mine shields, military sentry and forced labor against the civilians were seen increasing.

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Commission of Inquiry led by UN to investigate Burmese government's war crimes. President Obama said on the same day that countries like Burma, Cuba and North Korea continue to be notoriously repressive of press freedom. Mr. Joseph Yun, Deputy Assistant Secretary Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs U.S. Department of State, expressed the US government's concern over relationship between Burmese government and North Korean government. President Obama announced on May 16th that the US government has extended the economic sanction on Burma for another year. On May 26th, US Republican Senator Mitch McConnell and Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein along with other two senators submitted a request to extend Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003. Kurt Campbell, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affair, said on May 31st that the US government waited patiently hoping and waiting for progress which has not come to pass. John McCain, a veteran Republican senator of Arizona, US, met with Thai based pro-democracy forces on May 31st and announced his planned visit to Burma from June 1st to June 3 to discuss with concerned parties about democracy and rights of the ethnic in Burma. If the status quo remains in Burma, there will be no possibility of discussing about free trade between Europe and Burma, said EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht to the Jakarta Post on May 8th. A member of the central committee of Myanmar Trade and Business Owners Associtaion said on May 8th that in ASEAN EU Economic Summit held in Jakarta EU delegates showed no interest in Burmese business owners' brief about Tavoy deep-sea port project. On May 3rd, Friedrich Naumann Foundation held a seminar on whether or not EU's sanction on Burma was effective in Berlin, Germany. European Parliamentary Caucus on Burma (EPCB) released on a statement on May 23rd, calling on EU leaders to publicly condemn human rights violations in the ethnic areas including Shan States. On May 26th, UK government also expressed its concern over the Burmese army's attacks in northern Shan States by dishonoring the cease-fire agreements and urged the Burmese government to discuss with all concerned parties to reach national reconciliation which can solve political stalemates and regional security. According to the news report of The Nation, Singapore reportedly objected the Myanmar's bid to chair ASEAN in 2014 during the 18th ASEAN Summit meeting held in Jarkata, Indonesia, began on May 7th. The ASEAN summit agreed on principle the formal request of the Burmese government to take over Chairmanship, but the final decision will be made in later 2011 as Burma is required to make some democratic changes. Burma's civil society delegation led by Sitt Aye, a former Police Colonel and member of Advisory Team to the President, was granted to attend the Interface Dialogue with ASEAN Leaders. ASEAN Interparliamentary Myanmar Caucus (AIPMC) urged that ASEAN leaders should reject the application by Burmese government to chair ASEAN 2014 unless real democratic and human rights reforms are made by the Burmese government. Australian Foreign Affairs Minister Kevin Rudd and Thai Foreign Affairs Minister Kasit Piromya said on May 15th that the USDP led government should work to improve human rights conditions and to release political prisoners. The Reuters reported on May 15th that according to a secret report, UNSC reportedly decided to closely observe relationships between Burmese government and Northern Korean

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government, especially for military assistance. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on human rights in Burma, Toms Ojea Quintana held a press conference in Bangkok on May 23rd, saying he was disappointed about the USDP led government's amnesty program and its failure to deter forced labor, arbitrary killings and human rights violation. Special Adviser to the Secretary-General Mr. Vijay Nambiar reported to the UNSC on May 20th about Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's wish to have a fulltime UN envoy for Burma. //End of Report /Sunday, June 8, 2011// //End of Translation/Friday, June 23, 2011//

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