Basic Steel Selection Based on BS 970 Typical selection of steels and useful notes

STEEL Carbon Steel BS 970 230M07 (EN1A)

Notes

A low carbon, free cutting, mild steel suitable for machining using automatic and CNC machines. Available as rolled or normalised in round, flat or hexagon form A mild steel used for general purposes. Suitable for lightly stressed fasteners ,shafts etc. Can be easily

BS 970 070M20 (EN3A)

machined and welded. Available hot rolled, normalised, cold drawn or turned. Supplied in Black round or square , bright round square, flat and hexagon.

BS 970 080M30 (EN5/EN6)

A medium strength steel. Used to make, shafts, racks, pinions, studs, bolts, nuts, rollers, etc. Supplied as square bar, or round bar or flat. A medium strength steel. Suitable for stressed pins, shafts studs, keys etc. Available as rolled or normalised. Supplied as square bar, or round bar or flat. A hard wearing medium carbon steel which can be hardened. Available as hot rolled, normalised, Cold drawn or turned. Sections available black round, black square, bright round and black flat. A case hardening mild steel suitable for general engineering applications. When case hardened results in a

BS 970 080M40 (EN8)

BS 970 070M55 (EN9)

BS 970 080M15 (EN32)

hard surface with a tough core. Used for making gears cams and rollers etc. Supplied as black round bar and sections

Alloy Steel BS 970 605M36 (EN16) A manganese molydenum steel with good ductily and mechanical strength. Available in heat treated condition e.g (R,S,T).Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and hexagons. A 1% typical chromium molybdenum steel with higher molybdenum. Can be induction hardened. Used for BS 970 709M40 (EN19) gears, and high strength shafts etc. Suitable for higher strength applications when resistance to shock is required. Available annealed. Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and

hexagons. A nickel chromium molybdenum steel with high strength and toughness. Used for gears axles and high BS 970 817M40 (EN24) strength studs. Supplied as rolled, annealed and hardened and tempered. Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and hexagons A high quality nickel chromium case hardening steel. Can be hardened to provide hard surface with a strong BS 970 655M13 (EN36) tough core. Used for high duty gears and shafts. Supplied in as-rolled condition in black square and round bar and bright round. A 3% chromium molybdenum nitriding steel. Provide good tough core strength with a hard nitrided surface BS 970 722M24 (EN40B) for wear resistance. Supplied in as-rolled, annealed and hardened and tempered condition in black square and round bar. Stainless Steel BS970 416S21 (EN56) Martensitic (Magnetic), can be hardened and tempered to give improved tensile strength. FM** grade. Typical applications include cutlery, surgical instruments, fasteners, valves, spindles and shafts. Martensitic (Magnetic). Supplied heat treated with a high tensile strength. Typical applications include cutlery, surgical instruments, fasteners, valves, spindles and shafts. Ferritic. Low Strength but good ductility. Used food processing and catering equipment and automotive trim,car exhaust systems etc. Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. Readily formed and welded,used mainly in domestic, dairy and decorative appliances general purpose grade for corrosion resistant applications. This BS 970 Grade 304S15 (EN58-) grade is the most widely used of all stainless steels. Its chemical composition,provide the best all-round performance S.S. at relatively low cost. It has excellent low temperature properties. Lower Carbon grades (S15 and less) have improved weldability. Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. It offers high resistance to corrosion. BS 970 Grade 316S16 (EN58J) Generally machined components and pipe fittings. This grade is almost as popular as the 304 grade the increased Mo content makes the steel more suitable for resisting pitting and crevice then 304 Grade. Lower Carbon grades (S15 and less) have improved weldability.

BS 970 431S29 (EN57)

BS 970 430S15 typ (EN60)

BS 970 Grade 321S12 (EN58B-C)

Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. Titanium stabilized, which offers improved welding properties. Austenitic (Non-Magnetic). Pocesses good resistance to scaling at high temperatures. For continuous high

BS 970 Grade 310S31 temperature service in the range 850 - 1000oC.

Sample Steels Specifications Typical steels with general specifications notes Important Note: The values below are not comprehensive and must be used with extreme care. The strength values e.g. the proof stress and yield stress, reduce as the section increases. In the tables below the relevant sections are often thin and so the strength values are maximum values. Please refer to the relevant standards for important work..

Type Of Steel

BS Spec BS 970 230M07 230M07 070M20 070M20 080M40 080M40 150M28 503M40

Composition % Condition C-Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo 0,15C% 1,1%Mn 0,15C% 1,1%Mn 0,2C% 0,7%Mn 0,2C% 0,7%Mn 0,4%C 0,8%Mn 0,4%C 0,8%Mn 0,28%C 1,5%Mn 0,4%C -0,9%Mn 1,0%Cr Hot rolled HR -> CD (thin) Normalised HR->CD (thin) Normalised HR -> CD (thin) Heat Treat(P) Heat Treat(R)

Yield Stress x 10 Pa 215 340 215 440 280 530 355 525

Tensile Stress MPa 360 480 430 560 550 660 587 700 min

Elongation %

Low Carbon Steel Low Carbon Steel Low Carbon Steel Low Carbon Steel Constructural Steel Constructural Steel Low Manganese Nickel Manganese

21 6 21 10 16 7 20 17

Manganese Molybdenum

608M38

0,38%C 1,5%Mn 0,5%Mo 0,31%C 0,60%Mn 3,0%Ni

Heat Treat

1000

1130

19

Nickel Chromium

633M31 1,0%Cr 0,4%C 0,55%Mn 1,2%Cr

Heat Treat(U)

755

927

23

Nickel-Chrom-Mo

817M40 0,3%Mo 0,3%C 0,55%Mn 4,25%Ni

Heat Treat (W)

940

1075

11

Nickel-Chrom-Mo

835M30 1,25%Cr 0,3%Mo 0,38%C 1,4%Mn 0,75%Ni

Hard'n +Temp

1470

1700

14

Mang-Ni-Chr-Mo

945M38 0,5%Cr 0,20%Mo 0,08%C 1,0%Mn 13%Cr

Heat Treat (V)

850

1040

Steel Ferritic

403S17 0,5%Ni

Softened

280

420

20

Stainless Martensitic

420S45

0,3%C 0,5%Mn 13,0%Cr 0,12%C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni

Heat Treat (R)

525

700

15

18/8 Stainless Austenitic

302S25 18,0%Cr 0,12%C 0,8%MN 8,5%Ni

Softened

278

618

50

18/8 Stainless Austenitic

302S25 18,0%Cr 0,05%C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni

Cold work

803

896

30

18/8 St. (No Weld Decay)

321S20 18,0%Cr 1,6Ti 0,05C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni

Softened

278

649

45

18/8 St. (No Weld Decay)

321S20 18,0%Cr 1,6Ti

Cold Worked

402

803

30

BS970 Numbering system explained The BS970 code number is constructed as follows;

a) The first three symbols are a number code indicating the type of steel:

000 to 199 Carbon and carbon-manganese steels. The number represents the manganese content x 100

200 to 240 Free cutting steels. The second and third number indicate the sulphur content x 100

250 Silicon Manganese valve steels

300 to 499 Stainless and heat resisting steels

500 to 999 Alloy Steels

b) The fourth symbol is a letter code .

A The steel is supplied to a chemical compostion determine by analysis of the batch sample.

H The steel is supplied to a hardenability specification

M The steel is supplied to a Mechanical Property specification.

S The steel is a stainless steel

c) The fifth and sixth symbol is a number is the actual mean carbon content x 100

In addition to the above coding a condition coding may be applied. indicating the tensile strength range after heat treatment. This is used in conjunction with a limiting section designation. (See table below)

Condition Code Letter Min P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 550 620 700 770 850 930 1000 1080 1150 1240 1540

Tensile Strength (Mpa) Max 700 770 850 930 1000 1080 1150 1240 1300 1400 -

Table of BS 970: 1955 EN equivalents * Steel No Relate to European Numbering system BS EN 10027-2 - I will add numbers as I locate them BS970 1955 EN steel Equivalent EN No BS 970 Name 1A 1B 3A 5 5A 5B 8 8A 8B 230M07 240M07 070M20 080M30 080A27 080A30 080M40 080A35 080A37 Note. Low Carbon Free Cutting C Low Carbon Free Cutting C '20' C '30' C '30' C '30' C '40'C '35'C '37'C 1.0528 * Steel No 1.0715 1.0402 EN No BS 970 Name 39A 34 35A 35B 361 363 353 1.0503/1.0511 362 659M15 665M17 665A22 665M23 665A24 805M17 805M20 805M25 815M27 1.5% Ni/Mo 1.5% Ni/Mo 1.5% Ni/Mo 0.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 0.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 0.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 1.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 4.0% Ni/Cr BS970 1955 EN steel Equivalent Note. *Steel No

1.1178/1.1179 35

8C 8D 9 43A 43B 43C 43D 43E 1A 1B 8M 8BM 8DM 8M 12 12B 12C 11 18 18A 18B 18C 18D 31 31 16D 16 16B 16C 16M 111 111A 23 19A 19B 19C

080A40 080A42 070M55 080A50 080A47 080A52 080A62 080A67 220M07 240M07 212M36 212A37 212M44 212M44 503M40 503A37 503A42 526M60 530M40 530A30 530A32 530A36 530A40 534A99 535A99 605M30 605M36 605A32 605A37 605A32 640M40 640M40 653M31 708M40 708A37 708A42

'40'C '42'C '50'C '50'C '47'C '52'C '62'C '67'C Low Carbon FC** Low Carbon FC** '36' C FC** '36' C' FC** '37' C FC** '42' C FC** '44' C FC** 1% Ni 1% Ni 1% Ni 1% Cr 1% Cr 1% Cr 1% Cr 1% Cr 1% Cr 1.5% Cr 1.5% Cr 1.5% Mn/Mo (Water Hardening) 1.0% Mn/Mo 1.0% Mn/Mo 1.0% Mn/Mo 1.5% Mn/Mo(FC**) 1.25% Ni/Cr 1.25% Ni/Cr 3.0% Ni/Cr 1.0% Cr/Mo 1.0% Cr/Mo 1.0% Cr/Mo

1.1186

354 355

820M27 822M17 832M13 635M15 637M17 655M13 659M15 665M17 665M23 805M17 805M20 805M25 815M17 820M17 822M17 832M13 835M15 080A22 080A67 070A72 060A96 250A53 250A58 250A61 735A50 527A60

1.75% Ni/Cr/Mo 2.0% Ni/Cr/Mo 3.0% Ni/Cr/Mo 0.75% Ni/Cr 1% Ni/Cr 3.25% Ni/Cr 4.0% Ni/Cr 1.75% Ni/Mo 1.75% Ni/Mo 0.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 0.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 0.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 1.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 1.75% Ni/Cr/Mo 2.0% Ni/Cr/Mo 3.5% Ni/Cr/Mo 4.0% Ni/Cr/Mo '52'Carbon '67'Carbon '52'Carbon '96'Carbon Silico-Manganese '53'Carbon '58'Carbon '61'Carbon 1.0% Cr 0.75% Cr/Va Stainless Steels 1.8159 1.1274 1.0904 1.6657 1.6522'3 1.6657

1.1209/1.0535 36C 1,1206 351 352 36A 1.1221 39A 34 35 361 1.0726 362 363 353 ?1.0727 354 355 36C 39B 43 43E 1.7035 1.8401 1.7033 1.7035 42 44 45 45A 45A 47 48 1.7006 58A 1.5432 58M 58E 58H 58J 58J 1.7223 1.7220

15AM 216M36

302S25 303S41 304S15 315S16 316S16 316S17

CrNi 18/9 C 0,12 ..Aust CrNi 18/9 S bearing FM**..Aust CrNi 18/19 C 0,06 ..Aust CrNiMo 17/10/1,5 C 0,07 ..Aust CrNiMo 17/11/2,5 C 0,07 ..Aust CrNiMo 17/12/2,5 +Ti C 0,08 ..Aust CrNi 18/9 +Ti C 0,08 ..Aust CrNi 18/9 +Ti C 0,12 ..Aust CrNi 18/9 +Ti +S FM** ..Aust NiCrW 14/14/2,5..Valve

1.4828 1.4301 1.4401 1.4401 1.4541 1.4305

58B/58C 321S12 58B/58C 321S20 58M 54 325S21 331S40

19 40B 13 110 24 25 26 27 30B 40C 41A 41B 100 351 352 36A 36A

709M40 722M24 785M19 816M40 817M40 826M31 826M40 830M31 835M30 897M39 905M31 905M39 945M38 635M15 637M14 655M13 655M13

1.0% Cr/Mo (Higher Mo) 3.0% Cr/Mo (Nitriding) 1.5% Mn/Ni/Mo 1.0% Ni/Cr/Mo (Low Mo) 1.0% Ni/Cr/Mo 2.5% Ni/Cr/Mo (Medium C) 2.5% Ni/Cr/Mo (High C) 3.0% Ni/Cr/Mo 4.0% Ni/Cr/Mo 3.25% Ni/Cr/Mo/Va (Nitriding) 1.5% Cr/Al/Mo (Nitriding)(Medium C) 1.5% Cr/Al/Mo (Nitriding)(High C) 1.5% Mn/Ni/Cr/Al/Mo 1.5% Mn/Ni/Cr/Al/Mo 0.75% Ni/Cr 1.0% Ni/Cr 3.25% Ni/Cr 3.25% Ni/Cr

1.7225 1.7361 1.6582

54A 52 56A 56AM

331S42 401S45 410S21 416S21 416S41 416S29 416S37 420S29 420S37 420S45 430S15 431S29 443S65

NiCrW 14/14/2,5 + Mo ..Valve Cr/Ni 18/9/Nb/C 0,08 ..Aus Si/Cr 3/8 ..Valve 13CrC0,12 Mart 13Cr C 0,12 S FM** ..Mart 13Cr C 0,12 Se FM** ..Mart 13Cr C 0,17 S FM** ..Mart 13Cr C 0,24 S bearing FM** ..Mart 13Cr C 0,17..Mart 13Cr C 0,24 ..Mart 13Cr C 0,32..Mart 17Cr C 0,10....Fer 17Cr 2,5NI C 0,10....Mart CrNiSi 20,1.5,2..Valve 1.4024 1.4021 1.4028 1.4016</TD< tr> 1.4057 1.4006 1.4005 1.4550

58F/58G 347S17

1.6582/1.6565 56AM 1,6746 1.6747 1.8509 56BM 56C 56B 56C 56D 60 1.6546 57 59

100C 945A40

1.5752 1.5752

Stainless Steels ...Aus = Austenitic, Mart = Martensitic, Fe = Ferritic. FC** = Free Cutting.. FM** = Free machining