temperature control for electrical switchboards

The miniaturisation of components, the growth of electronics, the appearance of new electronically-based power products mean that product temperature control management becomes a necessity that must be taken into account in the design of electrical and/or electronic switchboards to the same extent as for the Degree of Protection. Reliability and the search for minimum breakdown rates are two determining factors in process industries where hourly costs are extremely high. The smallest breakdown immediately results in significant losses. The service life of the components themselves is a function of the temperature and humidity conditions in the enclosure. Ideal values are from + 10C to + 45C for temperature and from 30 to 90 % relative humidity (RH). Solutions to these problems are varied, and their selection is a function of environmental conditions, the type of components in the electrical switchboard, and of course cost. In certain cases it is sufficient to overdimension the enclosure or to use fans. In other cases, where temperatures are higher, air/ water type exchangers or air coolers operating on the refrigeration principle (cooling units) must be used. Sarel offers you a wide range of solutions adapted to suit all requirements: from the enclosure itself, to ventilation systems, resistances or exchangers, to cooling units.

ventilation
natural dissipation
through the enclosure walls
Using a larger enclosure can, in some cases, solve your switchboard heating problem.

circulation
circulation fans
Using a fan to circulate air within the enclosure can even out the temperature and prevent hot spots which could be harmful to certain components.

cooling
air-air exchangers
Sarel air-air exchangers combine efficiency and simplicity. Flow is generated in warm air from within the enclosure and cool air from the surrounding environment by means of two fans circulating on either side of sealed separation walls which prevent ingress of dust and humidity. Warm air from the switchboard heats these walls which are cooled by the colder external air. Transfer always takes place from the warmer to the cooler side, and for this reason these devices can only be used if the ambient temperature is lower by at least 5C than the enclosure internal temperature required. The aluminium exchange cassette is at the heart of the system. This element is easily removed and cleaned. In addition, continuous operation of an internal fan prevents formation of hot spots in the switchboard. The temperature regulation system integrated in the unit turns the external circuit fan on and off.

natural ventilation
A supply of cool external air through ventilation louvres can improve heat dissipation by natural convection. However, this solution can only be used when powers to be dissipated are low and when the environment is not polluted by dust.

forced ventilation
Sarel fans are designed to move large quantities of heat generated by electrical switchboard components. This significantly increases component longevity, ensuring durability and correct operation of the installation. Fans can only be used if external ambient temperature is lower by at least 5 C than the enclosure internal temperature required. Fans provide an effective solution to the problem of overheating in electrical switchboards, easy to install and to maintain and in addition, cost-effective. Due to their IP rating, they can be used in both industrial environments and tertiary sectors.

266

Ambient temperature is lower than the temperature required in the enclosure.

Ambient temperature is higher than the temperature required in the enclosure.

CLIMA calculation software, available on CD-ROM, is an indispensable tool for selection of a temperature control system (see page 268).

heating
air/water exchangers
The operating principle of Sarel air/water exchangers is similar to that of air/air exchangers, the external cool air being replaced by cold water provided by a circuit installed on the industrial site. Due to this change of fluid, much larger quantities of heat can be removed, and the temperature within the enclosure can be lowered to below that of the ambient air. Temperature within the enclosure is regulated by modulating the water flow. The water circuit is protected by a supply shut-off device ensuring the safety of your electrical installation.

cooling units
Sarel cooling units can be used in the most severe environments in which temperatures may be as high as 55 C. These units are particularly suitable when the required temperature in the enclosure is below the ambient temperature, or when large quantities of heat must be removed. As in the case of exchangers, they do not affect the switchboard IP rating. Due to the filter located at the inlet of the external air circuit, they can operate even when the ambient air is impregnated with dust or oil particles. The filter is easy to replace and inexpensive, and it ensures that efficiency is maintained during the entire service life of the device. The units have an enclosure temperature control system and an alarm function which is triggered in the event of malfunction.

resistance heaters
There are two reasons for using resistance heaters: - to heat the electrical switchboard when the ambient temperature is too low for correct operation of components, - to prevent the formation of condensation. The second phenomenon can cause shortcircuits, premature oxidation of contacts, corrosion of metal parts, particularly of the enclosure, and it can significantly reduce the service life of electrical and electronic components. Condensation occurs when the temperature drops quickly below the dew point. It can be prevented by simply maintaining the temperature within the enclosure at a few degrees above the ambient temperature of the environment. The design of Sarel heaters assists natural convection, guarantees accuracy and ensures both uniform and rapid heating of the enclosure.

267

calculation and selection software

CLIMA software
I Software

reference 17538

description pack qty. CLIMA software Version 3.0 1

for calculation and selection of temperature control auxiliaries necessary for enclosures containing electronic or electronic equipment. I Performs the calculations presented on pages 302 and 303 as well as the corrected surface areas, a function of the dimensions of the enclosure and its position with respect to walls. I Available on CD-ROM, in three languages: French, English and German. I Minimum configuration required: PC, IBM PC 486 SX compatible, 33 MHz, with 8 MB RAM, 10 MB free hard drive, CD-ROM drive, monitor and VGA graphics card (640 x 480 points). I Recommended configuration: PC, IBM PC Pentium 90 MHz, 16 MB RAM, 10 MB free hard drive, CD-ROM drive, monitor and SVGA graphics card (800 x 600 points). I Operating system: Microsoft DOS version 5.0 or later, Microsoft Windows version 3.1 or later, Microsoft Windows NT version 3.51.944 or later.

project stages using CLIMA software

I Project

general data Customer, technical manager, project title, site and date. I Enclosure selection Family, dimensions, location. I Temperature data: - probable minimum and maximum temperatures around the enclosure, - required minimum and maximum temperatures within the enclosure, - altitude, - relative humidity. I Determination of dissipated power The power dissipated by the electrical equipment is either known, or determined using a database: - by entering known values, - and/or selecting the electrical or electronic components of the switchboard for calculation of an approximate value. Temperature control assessment consists of comparing the energy given off by components in the installation and that spontaneously dissipated by the walls of the enclosure. I Temperature control auxiliary A screen proposes selection of the equipment: the fan, exchanger, cooling unit or resistance heater determined by the software. Following calculation, a screen specifies the power, characteristics and reference of the equipment as well as asssociated accessories. Finally, the software proposes a summary of the project which can be printed out.

268

To select your SAREL

your details

temperature control equipment

distributor or sales office details
Company name ............................................................................. Name Address ............................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................. Telephone ..................................... Fax ................................

Company name ............................................................................ Name/first name ............................................................................ Address ............................................................................ ............................................................................ Telephone .................................. Fax ..................................

> data to be supplied

I temperature maximum ................ C minimum ................ C T1 Ambient temperature T2 Permissible internal temperature maximum ................ C minimum ................ C or of most sensitive component: ........................................................................ T2 maximum T1 maximum +5C T2 maximum T1maximum +5C T1 minimum < T2 minimum or risk of condensation

air conditioner

I power dissipated in enclosure Pd .................. W I enclosure SAREL reference ............................. or list of components separate sheet or dimensions : H ........................ W ........................ D ........................ or temperatures measured without temp. control accessories: ambient ................ C in enclosure .................. C and material: painted steel polyester other

I position of the enclosure accessible on all sides placed against a wall at one end of a row at one end of a row, placed against a wall intermediate in a row intermdiate in a row, placed against a wall intermdiate in a row, placed against a wall with top part covered I frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz other ..................... I minimum degree of protection IP 20 IP 43 IP 54 other .....................

I voltage ................. V single-phase three-phase

> additional information

I relative humidity I altitude I standards .................. % RH .................. m ...................................................... I atmosphere I enclosure located interior exterior in restricted closed premises dust oil chemical products ........................... other ...........................

I diagram showing component installation, hot spots (separate sheet) I any other information ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................

air/water exchanger

fan

air/air exchanger

natural overdimension circulation enclosure

resistance heater

stainless steel aluminium

IP 55

269

natural and forced ventilation

Benefits of the Sarel range of fans: grille design flush grille I quick clip-on assembly
I I

270

forced ventilation
CLIMA calculation software page 268 Calculation aid pages 302 to 308

Benefits of the Sarel range of fans: - grille design, - flush grille, - quick clip-on assembly, - polyurethane gasket as standard. These innovations improve the appearance of your switchboard, significantly reducing assembly time while ensuring effective sealing.

accessories
We recommend the use of a thermostat ref. 17562 or 17558 to control on/off switching of the fan depending on temperature and/or humidity within the enclosure.

airflow calculation
Flow required to remove the heat, determined by temperature control calculation, see page 303. D= P syst x 3.1 m3/h Ts (max) Te (max.

general characteristics
Sarel fans comprise an axial motor, protective casings on front and rear, and a filter designed to retain dust particles. The filter can be removed during operation without risk of contact with the rotating element. As an option, the equipment can be fitted with an additional fine filter for even greater protection of your dust-sensitive installations. The drilling template supplied with the unit avoids marking and protects the surface of the enclosure during the machining operation.

This flow corresponds to the flow required from the fan unit (motor + filter + inlet grille) + outlet grille and filter. See also the graph below. Follow example shown on page 302. D= 690 x 3.1 430 m3/h 40 35

Use a fan ref. 17905 and an outlet grille ref. 17913.

fan usage conditions

External temperature Te must be 5 C below the temperature Ts required within the enclosure. I Filters used with the fans must be regularly cleaned or replaced. I The surrounding environment must be relatively "clean" in order to avoid pollution inside the enclosure and to avoid overfrequent replacement of the filters. I Take into account load losses caused by the outlet component (grille and filter, ventilation louvre or plain opening) when calculalting fan airflow.
I

outlet fan/grille determination graph

T (C) = Ts (max) - Te (max) 0 10 5

Surface area of enclosure (m 2) 12 10 8 6 4 2

0

installation recommendations
It is recommended that the fan be installed in the lower part of the enclosure and that fresh air be drawn from the exterior. This method of installation can significantly increase life of the fan motor, creating slight overpressure in the enclosure, thus preventing entry of dust through any openings (improved IP). It is essential that an outlet be formed in the enclosure, preferably near the top, to allow escape of warm air. We recommend the use of Sarel outlet grilles which guarantee the IP and satisfactory operation of your installation.
15

20 25 30

(W) 2000 1500

800W 1000 500

100

200

300

425 m3 /h 400 (m3/h)

Power dissipated by equipment

Fan airflow

271

forced ventilation
fan and accessories selection table

free flow (m3/h) with 1 (1) outlet grille IP 20 fans 65 IP 43 fans 24 IP 54 fans 56 42 15

with 2 outlet grilles

voltage (V) 50/60 Hz (2) 230 115 230 24 (4) 230 230 115 24 (4) 230 230 24 (4) 230 24 (4) 230 230 230 400/440 (5)

EMC (3)

fan reference

pack qty.

outlet grille reference

pack qty.

standard filter reference

pack qty.

21300 21301 17900 17892

G

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

21303 21303 17910 17910 17911 17996 17911 17911 17912 17997 17912 17912 17912 17913 17998 17913 17913

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

21308 21308 17916 17916 17917 17917 17917 17917 17918 17918 17918 17918 17918 17919 17919 17919 17919 17924 17924 17925 17925 17926 17926 17926

10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

130 250 460 625 IP 55 fans 36 88 148 334 364

95 210 210 350 450 25 55 125 267 288

106 240 240 515

17901 17990 17908 17893 17902 17991 17894 17903 17895 17904 17992 17905 17909

(1) Flow of fan and filter, without back pressure. (2) For other voltages, consult our local sales office.

230 17933 1 115 17938 1 230 17934 1 230 17935 1 230 17936 1 230 17937 1 400/440 (5) 17939 1 (3) EMC: Electromagnetic compatibility. (4) Direct current (DC).

17927 1 17927 1 17928 1 17928 1 17929 1 17929 1 17929 1 (5) Three-phase

technical characteristics
fan flow (1) IP voltage EMC reversible reference (m3/h) (V) (3) 17892 24 54 24 (4) G 17893 56 54 24 (4) G 17894 130 54 24 (4) G 17895 250 54 24 (4) G 17900 24 43 230 G 17901 56 54 230 G 17902 130 54 230 G 17903 250 54 230 G 17904 460 54 230 (2) 17905 625 54 230 (2) 17908 56 54 115 G 17909 625 54 400/440 (5) (2) 17933 36 55 230 G 17934 88 55 230 G 17935 148 55 230 G 17936 334 55 230 (2) 17937 364 55 230 (2) 17938 36 55 115 G 17939 364 55 400/440 (5) (2) 17990 56 54 230 G G 17991 130 54 230 G G 17992 460 54 230 G (2) 21300 65 20 230 G 21301 65 20 115 G (1) Free flow, without oulet grille. For flows with 1 or 2 outlet grilles, see next page. (2) On request. (3) EMC: Electromagnetic compatibility. current (mA) 100 208 196 500 70 120 120 250 345 600 245 210 120 120 250 345 600 250 210 115 120 345 90 230 power sound level (W) db (A) 2.4 39 18 49 4.7 53 12 55 11 39 19 49 18 53 46 55 70 69 155 71 20 49 155 71 19 49 18 53 46 55 70 69 155 71 19 49 155 71 18 49 18 55 70 69 17 38 17 38 (4) Direct current (DC). (5) Three-phase. weight (kg) 0.600 0.735 1.750 1.750 0.600 0.735 1.750 1.750 3.000 3.000 0.735 3.000 0.735 1.750 1.750 3.000 3.000 0.735 3.000 0.735 1.750 3.000 0.690 0.690

272

forced ventilation
fans, IP 20
I Airflow without outlet grille: 65 m /h. I Two models available depending on supply
3

reference 21300 21301

voltage (V) 230 115

pack qty. 1 1

voltage 230 V and 115 V, 50-60 Hz.

fans, IP 43
I Airflow without outlet grille: 24 m3/h. I Airflow with outlet grille : 15 m3/h. I Supply voltage, 230 V 50-60 Hz. I Material: ABS plastic conforming to I

reference 17900

voltage (V) 230

pack qty. 1

UL94V0. UL approval.

fans, IP 54
I Airflows

indicated in the reference table opposite are obtained without outlet grille. I Airflow values obtained with 1 or 2 outlet grilles are indicated in the selection table opposite. I Material: ABS plastic conforming to UL94V0. I UL approval.

reference 17892 17901 17908 17893 17902 17908 17894 17903 17895 17904 17905 17909 reference 17990 17991 17992

flow (m3/h) 24 56 56 56 130 130 130 250 250 460 625 625 flow (m3/h) 56 130 460

voltage (V) pack qty. 24 1 230 1 115 1 24 1 230 1 115 1 24 1 230 1 24 1 230 1 230 1 400/440 1 voltage (V) pack qty. 230 1 230 1 230 1

EMC fans, IP 54
I

EMC fans have the same characteristics as standard fans regarding airflows, conditions of use, etc. To efficiently protect equipment from electromagnetic interference, EMC fans are fitted with: - a steel frame covering the plastics components (ABS conforming to UL94V0), - a metal grille integral with the frame, - a beryllium sealing gasket ensuring a conductive path between the perimeter of the fan block and the enclosure.

fans, IP 55
I Airflows

indicated in the reference table opposite are obtained without outlet grille. I Airflow values obtained with 1 or 2 outlet grilles are indicated in the selection table opposite.

reference 17933 17938 17934 17935 17936 17937 17939 reference 21303 17910 17911 17912 17913 17927 17828 17929 reference 17996 17997 17998

flow (m3/h) 36 36 88 148 334 364 364 for fan dimensions 124 x 124 100 x 100 150 x 150 250 x 250 325 x 325 150 x 150 250 x 250 325 x 325

voltage (V) pack qty. 230 1 115 1 230 1 230 1 230 1 230 1 400/440 1 pack qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 pack qty. 1 1 1

outlet grilles
I

Material: self-extinguishing ABS plastic conforming to standard UL 94 V0. I Colour grey RAL 7032, except ref. 21303 (black).

EMC outlet grilles

I

Grille fitted with: - a steel frame covering the plastics components (ABS conforming to UL94V0), - a metal grille integral with the frame, - a beryllium sealing gasket ensuring a conductive path between the perimeter of the fan block and the enclosure.

IP 20 54 54 54 54 55 55 55

for EMC fans reference 17990 17991 17992

When ordering please add the prefix ENN to the reference number.

273

forced ventilation
standard filters
I

reference 21308 17916 17917 17918 17919

Synthetic filters, except ref. 21308 (black polyurethane foam), washable. I Characteristics: filter absorption flitration (1) reference capacity capacity 17916 150 g/m2 G3 17917 to 919 350 g/m2 G3 (1) Conforming to standard EN 779.

for fan dimensions 124 x 124 100 x 100 150 x 150 250 x 250 325 x 325

pack qty. 10 5 5 5 5

fine and IP 55 filters

I Synthetic filters, washable. I Absorption capacity: 500 g/m2 (350 + 150). I Filtration capacity: G4 conforming to

fine filter reference 17924 17925 17926

for fan dimensions 150 x 150 250 x 250 325 x 325

pack qty. 5 5 5

standard EN 779.

dimensions 17892/17900
105 14

17893/17901/17908/17990/17933/17938
150 28

92 x 92* 100 (1) 4

145 (1) 4

119

125 x 125*

(1) 45 mm Version DC, 52 mm Version AC

(1) 63 mm DC version, 69 mm AC version

17894/17902/17991/17934
250 35,8

17895/17903/17935
250 35,8

100

221 223 x 223*

117,5

223 x 223* 245 121 6

245

118

17904/17992/17936
325 36

17905/17909/17937/17939
325 36

202

258

289

289

291 x 291* 318 158 6 318 158 6

291 x 291*

21300/21301
124
Electrical connection External cover

4,3

Protection grille

Filter

104,8

108*

117

44

Wall

* Tolerances : X 0 on enclosure wall thickness 1.2 to 2 mm

104,8

+1 +3

11

X +2 on enclosure wall thickness > 2 mm When ordering please add the prefix ENN to the reference number.

274

forced ventilation and circulation

19 2U tangential fan
I Air is drawn in at the front, filtered and forced vertically through the equipment. I Voltage: 230 V/50-60 Hz. I Electrical power: 37 W. I Connection lead not supplied.

flow* sound pack qty. (m3/h) level (dB A) 21330 300 53 1 * Airflow measured without back pressure.

reference

top ventilation fan

I Fan with hood, IP 54, for floor standing enclosures and racks. I Fixing accessories and connection terminal block supplied. I Voltage: 230 V/50-60 Hz. I Electrical power: 85 W. I Airflow of 350 m3/h is obtained with grille ref. 17913. I Assembled and dismantled from exterior.

flow* weight pack qty. (m3/h) (kg) 21305 400 5,8 1 * Airflow measured without back pressure.

reference

accessories
reference 21309 replacement filter for ref. 21305 pack qty. 5

top ventilation fan installation

dimensions ref. 21305

cut-out and fixing centres dimensions
7

290,5

270

270 340

190 228 68 90 270 340

Internal air circulation fans and systems avoid the formation of localised hot spots. These can arise even if the average temperature within the enclosure is acceptable.

fan reference 21302

flow (m3/h) 150

weight (kg) 0.82

circulation fan
User protection conforming to DIN 31001. Voltage: 230 V/50-60 Hz, power: 17 W. Dimensions: - fan: 124 x 124 x 43 mm, - sub-base: length 140 mm, fixing centres: 130 mm. I Ball bearing mounting.
I I I

19 1U circulation system
Three models available with 3, 6 or 9 fans. Voltage: 230 V/50-60 Hz. Electrical power: 36, 72 and 108 W, respectively. I Sound level: 50, 52 and 55 dB(A) respectively. I Depth: 180, 310 and 445 mm respectively. I Connection lead not supplied.
I I I

no. of flow* weight pack fans (m3/h) kg qty. 21313 3 400 3 1 21316 6 800 6 1 21319 9 1200 9 1 * Airflow measured without back pressure.

reference

When ordering please add the prefix ENN to the reference number.

228 240

pack qty. 1

275

natural ventilation
To complement the range of fans, the offer includes natural ventilation by means of an enclosure top hood with ventilation louvres

natural ventilation through the top of enclosures and racks

Natural ventilation assures the circulation of air within the enclosure. It avoids hotspots and therefore ensures longevity of components. In cases where the enclosure is exposed to rapid variations in external temperature, condensation on the internal walls of the enclosure is also eliminated. Natural ventilation is achieved in 2 ways: - by enclosure top stand-offs (Spacial 6000), - by cut-out in the top of the enclosure and installation of a hood. These 2 solutions can be combined with installation of ventilation louvres.

top stand-offs
I Set of 4 top stand-offs, height 14 mm, for Spacial 6000 racks only (weight: 1 kg).

reference 21307

description Top stand-offs

IP pack qty. 23 1

enclosure top hood

I Sheet steel hood, protection: textured polyester coating, colour gray RAL 7032 (weight: 4 kg).

reference 21306

description Hood

IP pack qty. 54 1

accessories
reference 21309 replacement filter For ref. 21306 pack qty. 5

dimensions ref. 21306

cut-out and fixing centres dimensions

7

290,5

270

270

340

228
190 228

68 90

270 340

276

When ordering please add the prefix ENN to the reference number.

240

natural ventilation
metal ventilation louvres
I Protection : textured polyester base coating, colour grey RAL 7032. I Available in 3 sizes. I Degree of protection: IP 23.

21407

21410

21418

A C

reference 21407 21410 21418

dimensions 120 x 120 mm 160 x 160 mm 220 x 220 mm

louvre length 70 mm 100 mm 180 mm

A 80 110 190

B 104 130 190

C 104.8 140 200

B C

pack qty. 1 1 1

plastic ventilation louvres

I

4 models available depending on degree of protection. I Supplied in sets of 2.

louvre ref. 21411 21412 21413 04684

drilling 45.5 mm 35 mm 38 mm 33 mm

IP 32 44 45 45

pack qty. 1 1 1 1

21411

21412

04684

21413

When ordering please add the prefix ENN to the reference number.

277