BUREAU OF

1
INFORMATRNV BULL Er/U
.

MARCH 1943

NUMBER 312

REARADMIRALRANDALLJACOBS,USN The Chief of Naval Personnel WAR ADMIRALE. L.DENPELD, USN The Assistant Chiefof Naval Personnel

Table of Contents
Page

The Value of Our Solomons Bases. . . . . . . . Conquest of Guadalcanal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Navy Adopts SelectiveService. . . . . . . Lifesaving Fishing Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . Wahoo Running, Japanese Gunning.. . . . . . . The Navy College Training Program. . . . . . Marines Open Ranks t o Women. . . . . . . . . . Chronomap for Month. . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . FunkholePhilosophers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roosevelt, Churchill Outiine 43 Strategy. . Waves Get Slacks, White Uniforms. . . . . . . Three Coast Guard Incidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . The Problems of Supplying Halsey . . . . . . . Our Largest Prison Camp for Japs. . . . . . . . A New U. S. Battleship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It Happened on Guadalcanal. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navy Sets up Education Centers. . .-. . . . . . . Summary of Decorations and Medals. . ._. . . The Presidential Unit Citation. . . . . . . . . . . Casualty Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decorations and Citations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BuPers Bulletin Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 3 6 8 12 14 15 16 15 19 20 21

23 25
26 29

34
35 52 53 54 72 76

This magazine is published monthly Washington, in D. C., by the Public Relations Division of the Bureau of Naval Personnel for the information and interest of the Naval Service as a whole. Because copies cannot be furnished all personnel individually at present, it isrequested that eachcopybegivenaswidea circulation as possible. It issuggested that readers passalongtheircopieswhenthey are finished. To further publicize the contents, ship and station papers maydesire to reprint pertinentmaterialfrom the Bulletin.activities keep All should the Bureau informed of howmanycopies are required.While the Bulletin published is for the guidance of the Service, the authority for all informationcontained s herein i the particular order or directive on which the information is based. Articles of general interest may be forwarded to the Editor via official channels.

The Value of Our Solomons Bases

HENDERSON FIELD MAY HELP SHAPE FUTURE STRATEGY
Henderson Field in the battleof Guadalcanal and as a base for future operations in that area is indicated in Japanese losses credited to United States flyers based there. Notonly is HendersonFielddestined to play a vital in our Southrole western Pacific operations,butthe many lessons learned there by our marines, naval forces, and other branches of the service will be highly valuable.in future operations. A construction face played an important part in the conquest of Guadalcanal. While the Japanese were hurrying their own airfield on Guadalcanal toward completion, a marine complement was feverishly hacking out an airfield on a strategic point in the New Hebrides. This field, constructed under hundreds handicaps of never before encountered by American fighting forces, was completed in time for the attack on Guadalcanal. Many were the lessons learned in airport construction under seemingly endless handicaps. During thebitter fighting on the tiny Southwestern Pacific outpost, American fighting forces learned that sweat now will save blood later, and that rigid training programs are necessary prior to jungle combat. on Guadalcanal American troops learned the aonts of fighting the Japanese: Dont get chummywith strangers in darkplaces just because they speak English (lots of Japs went to American schools). Dont run out to pick up leaflets a Jap drops from his plane. The English is terrible and, besides, hes probably coming back to shoot the place.
UP.

HE HIGHLY strategic value of

Official U. S. Sarg Photograph.

.The Japanese lost up to 75,000 men i m the campaign.

--Official

U. S. Sa\ y hotonraph.

Pyres of shot-down Japanese planes burned almost,daily. Page 2

I ,

Dont try to start a hock-shop in the jungle by picking up Jap watches, fountain pens, flashlights, and other trinkets that may mines have or booby traps attached. During fighting on Guadalcanal the Americans learned many tricks from their Japanese opponents, but above all they found that the Jap jungle soldier has proved himself to be a (Continued om page 47)

. .

In 25 Days: 6,066 Japanese Killed, 127 Prisoners-and Complete Victory

Actual end to the battle for Guadal-lington, Vt., commander of the eastcanal came whentwo United States ern.Army unit, said simply,Boy, am I glad to see you! Army officers walked toward each Maj. H. Wirt Butler, of Springfield. ot,her through the jungle and shook Ill., leader of the advance force from hands while soldiers around them cheered and yelled. Such was the the west, grasped his hand. The weary troops sprawled on the meeting at Tenamba of the two forces that advanced either from side to ground, and swapped yarns. pinch off the Japanese. Its sure swell to be onihe winning Lt. Col. James A. Dalton, of Bur- side, said a soldier.

HE FINAL, decisive American drive on Guadalcanal began January 15. The map aboveshows how it developed. The headline above tells some of the byproducts of the campaign that left United States forces in complete control of the island. All the climacticbattles took place in the northwest corner of the island covered by the map.

CONQUEST OF GUADALCANAL

aneseresistance-onGuadalcanal Island has been crushed; andAmerican forces, accomplishing theirinitialobjectiveintheirfirst major offensive of World War 11, are in complete poSsession of thetiny South.Pacific outpost. The end of hostilities, together with the almostcompleteannihilation of the enemy upon the island,came February 10-3 days more than 6 months after United States marines first landed on the island, August 7, 1942. On November 14 and 15 one of the greatest naval battles of the war to date was fought off Guadalcanal, with the enemy suffering the loss of one battleship, eight cruisers, six destroyers, eight transports, and four cargo transports,inadditiontoa second

HE last bit of organized Jap-

battleship or cruiser._ heavy Two other enemy battleships, one cruiser, and seven destroyers were damaged. American losseswere comparatively light. . After 5 monthsthemarines were relieved by Army replacements. ComA. manded by Maj.Gen.Alexander Vandegrift, the veteran jungle fighters were replaced by Army units commanded by Maj. Gen. Alexander M. Patch on January 21. The Army, with the remaining Marine Corps units on the island, completed the elimination of Japanese forces.

The Early Fightilzg

In a surprise landing operation, protected by Navy guns andflyers, the marines charged ashore on several is-

lands in the southeast Solomons early in August 1942. On the smaller islands, including Tulagi, Gavutu, and Tanambogo, strong opposition was encountered, but once this had been overcome conquest of these islands proved complete and permanent. Guadalcanal, 90 miles long by 30 miles wide, and bearing the invaluable prize of a large airfield built by the Japanese, became a major battleground. The marines immediately seized the airfield and began an heroic defense as the Japanese lashed out again and it. again in furious attempts to retake Day after day, night after night, the enemybombed and shelled the marines from air, the land, and sea, ringed the field with snipers, and smashed at American lines with waves of veteran troops.

Page 3

The enemy, in preponderant numbers, soughttobatterthrough the Tenaru River under line cover of darkness, but withdrew the next day leaving 800 dead; stormed Marine POsitions on. Lunga Ridge, again by night,fell by the scores in bloody hand-to-hand struggle, and fled in disorder; tried to drive across the Matanikau River and were repulsed; and finally unleashed an all-out assaultin whichtheyattackedfrom varied points by land while blasting at American lines fromplanes and offshore ships. a After week they withdrew, again staggered by heavy losses. With hardly a breather, the marines crossed the Matanikau andtook the offensive. From that timethey slashed at the Japanese without letup. Army Flying Fortresses and Marine planes bombed and strafed enemy troops while marines chopped them down group by group,pocket by pocket, in savageland fighting. Sharp skirmishes and patrol clashes deep in the jungle were almost daily fare. In their main bivouac area many marines lived under tiny pup tents, some in caves, and a few in shamble tin-roofed houses. All had fox holes

SUPPLY LlNE t o Guadalcanal. A UmitedStates tramport unloads men alzd material. into which they burrowed while plane one fine day in late January. They waited eagerlyfor the returns bombs and shells poured down. At each day as Maj. John L. Smith ran the front they lived in slit trenches. By day, when it wasnt raining, the his total to 19 Jap planes before resun was so hot that themarines swel- turning to the States and Capt. Matered they as drew beads on the rion Carls score mounted to 17. enemy. By night seepy,# tropical T h e First Phase rains chilled the men and left them lying in water and mud. Mosquitoes The marines landed Guadalon were inescapable. The men slept canal ona strip of beach lying befully clothed, rifles at hand. tween the Tenaru Ilu and Rivers, Mess kitchens were housed by scrap some distance east of the nearly comtimber, had kerosenestoves emplaced pleted airfield which was their objecin the ground. Menus a t first con- tive. To cover the operation, guns sisted of littlemore than captured and planes of the fleet concentrated rice, some captured canned foods, fire on Japanese positions in the reand coconuts. - But later the men ate gion of Lunga Point and thebeach. meat, beans, canned fruit, bread and So complete was the surprise and butter, and coffee. Men on patrol so effective the marines fire that the carried their own canned rations. Japs fled precipitately, abandoning Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners supplies, equipment, and installations featured roast turkey with the trimvirtually intact. landing The was without opposition, and the advance mings. Chaplainsconductedregular reli- o n the airfield encountered little. By gious services. With slung rifles, the sundown August 8 the immediate obmen sang hymns and knelt for prayer jective hadbeenaccomplished. Tuand Tanambogo had on cleared fields within range of lagi, Gavutu, fallen. The Japs had withdrawn into enemy fire. The men, followed the records of the rugged terrain of impenetrable their air aces with lively interest. jungle and ridges and 8,000-foot They cheered Capt. Joe Foss as if he mountains. Meanwhile, Japaneseaircraftatwere a college athletic idol when he shot down his twenty-sixth enemy tacked our transports savagely onthe

Page 4

afternoon of August 7 and again the next day. On the night of August 8-9 a strong enemy surface force caught our intercepting forceof heavy cruisers in the lee of Savo Island, off the northwest point of Guadalcanal. The U. S. S. Astoria, Quincy, and Vincennes, and Australian the cruiser Canberra were sunk, but the Japanese withdrew without attacking the main convoy, which continued the unloading of supplies and sailed away the evening of August 9. On shore the marines, becauseof their limited numbers and the nature of the terrain,did not attempt to take over any large area, merely enough to protect the airfield. The defense area extended about6 miles alongthe coast and, roughly, 4 miles inland. Theeast flanklayalong the left bank of the Tenaru River. Southern defenses were anchored Lunga on Ridge, a crooked stretch of high ground that dominated the airfield. The western flank was covered by a system of outposts and strong points MARINE keeps necessities of life close at hamd im Guadalcanal foxhole. Hand grenades are right by girl friend's picture. Bottom: Quarters of extending toward, but not to, the Matanikau River. Major General Vandegrift, Marine commander on the island, comtaiaed Japanese resistance soon stiffened. about the same mecessities as tents of his mem. There was sniping by day, sharp attacks outposts on by night. Occasional small partiesof the enemy were cornered and liquidated, but systematic mopping up proved impossible. Until sea and air support could be consolidated, the marines were powerless to prevent the landing of .fresh Jap troops. Waves of bombers blasted the airfield the Americans were laboring day and night to complete, and enemy subs stole up at night to shell the position from the sea. During the second week of occupation, enemy activity made it evident that a major effort to recapture the airfield was in the ofling. It was known that strong forces had landed to the east, atTasimboki Bay. The first American planes had arrived by this time. On the morning of August 21, a t 2:30, the Japs struck in force along the lower Tenaru. In the Battle of the Tenaru it appears probable 'that Jap plans went awry. While one force feinted at Marine positions near the mouth of the Tenaru, a second column was to swing inland, ford the river, and come down on the defenders' right flank. In the darkness, hcwever, this flanking column seems to have mistaken the nearby Iluthe forTenaru, (Continued on page45)

his eligibility for the various services

from a medical standpoint but do not attemptto decidewhich branch of the service he goes to.

A Joint Committee Decides

The prospective inductee next appears before a preliminary classification committee consisting of Army and Navy technicians. They question each registrant as to his education, trade, skills, age, previous military service, etc. On the basis of thisinformation a man is theyrecommendwhether bestsuitedforthe Army ornaval service-without regard as to whether that service be in the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard. Final decision on separating the registrants into the two groups is made by an assignment committee composed of one Army and one naval officer. They not only take into accountestablishedquotasand the relative proportion of various skills and capabilities going tothe two services, but they also consult the registrants own preference and follow it insofar as possible. At this point the two groups separate. The naval quota is transported to the local recruiting station for completion of their induction and for distribution of individuals to the three branches of the naval service-Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. (In some cases this distribution is made at theinduction center.)

FR O

All able bodied men and boys

Will b~ enlistefi into the RTAVAL SERVICE
up3n application at the Naval Rendezvous.

Come forward and serve your Country

WT O T CONSCRIPTION! IH U
Roanoke Island, Dee. 8 h 1863. t
~

Three Choices are Opee

Naval Records and Library.

Mr. Registrantis

now a genuine

A recrhiting poster of Civil War days.

changes to apprentice seamen, USN-SV. The sv stands for selective volunteer. Or, finally, hecanvolunteer for theNaval Reserve, under clasthe sification apprentice seaman, class
V-6
USNRSV.

Navy inductee, with the classification

of apprentice seaman, USN-I. The I stands for inductee. A t this point he is confronted with three choices. He can remain an inductee if he wishes, but in that case he is automatically transferred to Naval Rethe serve when released from service at the end of the war and remains liable for service for a period of 10 years, or until he reaches age 45. He can volunteer for the Regular Navy to serve the usual period of 6 years, but must pass the Regular Navy physical standards (which are slightly higher) and be between the ages of 18 to 31. If he qualifies, his classification then

up to but not including C. P.0.

Volunteerieg for Zeduction

Under the terms of the manpower order, menwho are 17 years old or between the ages of 38 to 50%, inclusive, are still free to enlist in the Navy as before. Furthermore, men who are within the proscribed limits of 18 to 37 may volunteer for inductionahead of time. However, this does notmeanthey can make sure of getting the service of their c h o i c e a man simplyvolunteers to be in(Continued on page28)

Whatever his choice, he may have to settle his affairs and then is sent to a training station as apprentice an seaman. A t the end of the training period he is eligible for further technical schooling or a rating, if qualified. At this point, if he has had previous active naval service, he will receive at least the rating held at time of discharge,
7 days in which

Page 7

LIFESAVING FISHING INSTRUCTION:

EAD these instructions with care. Follow them.Theymay spare you much needless suffering, or even saveyour life. Keep cool, and use your head. Steadiness and good temper have got many a man out of the same fix you are in. Never give up. The fishing tackle in this kit has caught fishfor othersall over the world. It should catch fishfor you. Be careful of it. Your life may depend on how you protect it and use it.

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT INSTALLED

Fish is Food am! Drink

If you can catch fish, you will not die of hunger or thirst. The flesh of fish caught in the open sea is good to eat, cooked or raw. It is healthy and nourishing. Many tribes and some nations commonly eat fish raw and like it. If and when you have caught more fish than you can eat, squeeze out or chew out the juice of the fiesh and drink it. Fish juice tastes much like the juice of.raw oysters or clams. It has been tested and found safe. To squeeze it out, take a piece of the flesh without bones or skin. Cut it up flne. Wrap it in some kind of cloth, leaving long ends, and let two mentwist the ends hard. The juice will drip out. To chew it out, puta piece.of fish in Suck your mouth. Chew it small. out the juice and swallow it, then spit out what is left. Keep it up so long as you are thirsty and have fish.

, A V Y lifeboats, life rafts, andother lifesaving vessels are being equipped with modernized fishing kits, tocopy getherwith a waterproof of fishing instructions which may mean life instead of death to men forced down at sea or marooned. The kits were modernized as a result of recommendations made by a Navy boardtoinvestigate the subject of special clothing and equipment. experts Four wrote the fishing instructions especially for inclusion in the kits. In order that information regarding the subject may be given

the widest circulation possible among Navypersonnel, particularly among aviation and armed guard crews, the complete list of instructions is printed herewith. Meanwhile, the objective data section,intelligencecenter, Pacific Ocean areas, has prepared a Castaways Baedeker to the South for Seas distribution to naval personnel in that area. This pamphlet guidecovers fish and plantlife of the area;advises on shelter, firebuilding, first aid. The illustrations withthe fishing instructionshere are, from the Castaways Baedeker.

Twelve General Rules

1. Never make your lines fast to

your finger, hand, or foot, or to your boat. A big fish might cut you, or breakyourlineandcarry off your tackle. 2. Let another man hold the end of your line while you are fishing. That givesyoutwo chancestosave your tackle and catchyour fish. 3. D o not lean over or rush to the side of the boat when a fishis hooked, or let othersdo it. If that happens, a boat in a seaway may be upset. 4. Try to catchsmallfish rather than large ones. Big fish, such as large sharks, may break lines, carry off baits, cut your hands, and make other trouble, or even upset your boat. 5. Keep your bait moving to make

itlook alive. A moving bait is better than a still bait. 6. Be sure to keep a part of any bird or fish you catch to use for bait. Freshbait is betterthanthe pork rind in your fishing kit. 7. After using, clean your hooks and lines of fish and fish slime. Wind them up again as they were in the kit, see that hooks are not sticking return. into lines, dry them in the sun, them to the cloth pockets, and keep them dry if you can. Whiledrying, always slide your feather jig up the wire to keep the feathers from rusting against the hook. 8. Keep your fishingtackle in a safe place, orlash it in, when not in use, so that it cannot be lost overboard, even if your boat should turn over. 9. Be very careful not to get your linestangledor tolet hooked fish tanglethem. Two men, one at side, one atstern,can fish at the same time,they watch but must out. Never leave your line where it can be stepped on, and keep it from wearing itself out by cutting into or rubbing against the gunwale. 10. In a rubberboat,watchout, above all, that your knife, harpoon, or fishhooksnever getachance to prick, stab, or make a hole in your boat,and so let the air out or the water in. See that your line does not wear or cut into the rubber side. Be

very careful where you lay your tackle down, especially after catching a fish. 11. Be sure every man in your company gets his fair share of whatever you catch. 12. Keep on fishing and watching for fish. You never know when a fish may bite.

Fishing Tackle and How T o Use I t

Put one man charge in of this tackle. Let him wear the cloth case as a n apron when in use. When not in use, keep it all togetherin thecase. Never let it get scattered about.
RIG No. 1 Hook and line: Length of line, 100 feet. Bait this hook with a smallpiece of pork rind (in the kit), as wide as across the bend of the hook and a little longer. If fish are very small, make the bait small, too. If you have nobaitleft, slip ortie a white or pearlbutton off your shirt on the hook and keep it moving, sometimes slow, sometimes faster. RIG No. 2 Mackerel jig: Length of line, 100 feet. Before fishing,scrapelead of jig until it is bright. Troll (drag) this jig behind your boatwhen in motion. It is intendedtoimitate a fish. Keep it moving.
1To save weight, rigs Nos. 4 and 6 are omitted from kits carried on planes..

Page 8

FOR CASTAWAYS IN THE SOUTH SEAS

Use the jig first without bait. Let out 25 or 50 feet of line. But if fish do not bite, hook through one end a 2-inch piece of pork rind or a narrow strip of white or light-colored cloth or canvas, or make it fast to the eye of the hook. A narrow strip cut from the white belly of a fish is excellent. A small live fish may be best of all. Hook it through the back and let it run. When you have caught a fish or a bird, a small piece of fish or meat is usually betterthanpork-rindbait. If you have no other bait, cut from yourshoe a small,narrow strip of leather or canvas, an inch long for small longer fish, for bigger fish. Hook it through one end and keep it moving. is not traveling Whenyourboat through the water fast enough to keep the jig near the top, let it sink to different depths and keep pulling the line in, either steadily or with jerks. Try both. When the boat is moving too slow to keep jig near surface, take hold of the lineabout 4 feetfrom the jig, whirl the jig around your headon the short line, andcast it far out. Then pull in as fast as can, either you steadily o r in jerks. But first see that the end of the line is firmly held by another man and that noone will be hit by your whirling jig. The jig can also be used for deep fishing with pork-rind bait or a piece of fish or bird. Try different depths.
RIG No. 3

deeper. I f the lead now on the line will not sink it, use extra lead also.
RIG No. 5 Grapple snagging for Ash: Very useful if you have no bait, or if fish. will not bite. When fish are around or close to the boat, throw this grapple beyond or among them, or drop it near them, and jerk it sharply to hook them. RIGNo. 6

Feather jig: Sameinstructionsas

for rig No. 2.
RIGNo. 7

Feather jig: Sameinstructions as for rig No. 2.

Small harpoon or spear: Very useRIG No. 4 f u l for taking small sharks, turtles, Hook, line, and sinker: For bait and fish that will not bite. Also for fishing near the boat or deep down, birds that light on the boat or swim bait with pork rind, fish, or meat. If nearby. Let mothe? manhold the end of the you let this line down full length and get no fish, tie another line of about line tied in the eye at the end of the the same size to it securely and try shaft. Hook the offset in the middle

These Are Food Fishes of the South Seas

T h e C A V A L L A prominent eyes, has a greenish-blue body, a d grows from 1 t o 3 or 4 feet in length. I t will take a hookand frequents coral reefs.

T h e MILKFISH, silver blue, reaches T h e G R O U P E R m a y have spots or about 2 feet in length. They run bands.Considered a goodfood in schools andfrequentshores, fish, the grouper may be taken by where they feed on bottom mahook and line. I t frequents reefs, terial. T h e y can best be obtained as does the snapper.Length: 1 by trapping or netting. t o 2 or more feet.

The GOATFISH i s recognizedby t w o lortg whiskers attachedt o the chirt. I t is reddish or dark purple,mostly less. than I f o o t in length, and will take a hook.

The SNAPPER frequents reefs, may be colored brown, yellow, violet, or red. I t ranges f r o m 1 t o 2 or more feet in length. the Like grouper, it may spots have or bands and will tdke a hook.

THEBARRACUDA,whichmay attackswimmers,maybetaken by hook and line, the hook secured by a wire leader, as it someti&es cuts the line. An excellent food fish, the barracuda reaches a lertgth o f 4 or 5 feet. Page 9

of the shaft over the end of an oar blade. Hold the line tight in one hand to keep theharpoon in place. Jab with this harpoon. D o not throw it. With a knife you can shape either end of an oar or paddle, or a boathook, or stick of wood, to fit this harpoon. When you have struck and a fish is fast, bevery sure to throw the oar, boathook, or other handle back into the boat. Otherwise you might lose it. Then fight your fish with the line. I a big hooked fish is fighting the f line near the boat, harpoon quickly. it You will have a double chance to save it. Be very careful not to harpoon sharks or other fish too big to handle.

Gloves: To protect your hands from being cut by the line or when handling fish in the water or in the boat. Otherwise the line may hurt your hands badly. Many fish have sharp fins. The safest place to hold a fish is just behind the head or just above the tail. Gloves omittedfrom U s cn planer;.

your flashlight on it. Flying fish will often jump at it and fall into theboat. But be careful not to use up your . flashlight unless you have several. Often the bright moon shining on the white cloth will draw the fish. A light thrown on the water at night will sometimes bring flying fish and other small Catch fish. them with your net. They are good to eat.

About Fishing
1. Do not forget that as a rule fish bitebetter at a moving bait. If the

Dried Fish
To dry fish, cut it in thin, narrow strips and hang it in the sun. If well dried and kept dry, it will often stay good several days. You may like it better when dried. To dry small fish, foot long or less, a clean, take out thebackbone, cut slits across the inside about a quarter inch apart, and hang in the sun. Important:Fishnot cleaned may spoil 'in half a day. Clean your Ash and eat it or dry it without delay.

boat is movingslowly, one man can fish deep andanother troll atthe same time. 2. Fish do not bite well at a hook it. Watch your with seaweed on Other Articles in the K i t hooks and keep them baited and clear. Pork-rind bait: Very important. It 3 . If you hook a fish too big to hanwill turn white in the water. Do not dle, give him as little line as possible. waste or lose this bait. Use it as diThat way you will have more line left rected. Dip net: Very useful to catch small after he breaks it. 4. Watchfor schoois of fish. You fish for bait orfood. Unfold and open may see them breaking water. Large out. Move net slowly under the fish, and then lift. Do not untie either line. fish will probably be near schools of up to such schools Hold line at front of net in left hand small fish. Get ifyou can. and use it to pull net through water 5. If you have some fish to spare, while holding handle in right hand. you can often catch more by chumIf it falls overboard, this net will not ming. Cut pieces of fish very fine float. Do noteatsmallcrabsand and scatter them in the water. Chum shrimpsthat YOU may catch, with thisnet,unless you haveplenty of only if the boat is moving slowly or Chumming may bring fresh water. They are salty and will not a t all. birds also within reachof baited hook, increase thirst. net, or spear. Knife: Keep lanyard fast to knife. Tie other end when in use. If it falls Fishing W i t h a Light overboard, this knife float. will Whetstone: Keepyour hooks sharp. Fish often come to a light a t night. Dull hookscatch less fish. If you see flying fish, at night hoist Spare hooks ready to tie on line, and your sail or hang upyour shirt or any extra lead. other white cloth. Shine the light of

Skmks, Skates, and Rays

Do noteatthe liver or meat of sharks, skates, or rays unless you have plenty of water. They are salty and will make you thirsty. Skates and rays, like thesharks, do not have scales, and their skeletons are of cartilage, not bone. Sharks have killed many men. Stay out of the sea and in the boat when fish are around. sharks or other large Many a man has lost hand or foot by letting it hang overboard. Splashing withan oar or striking at it will usually drive ashark away. The tenderest spot in a shark is the end of his nose. His gills come next. D o not fish when sharks are around.

These Pacific Fishes Are Poisonous

The T R I G G E R F ISH,seldom longer than 1 foot, may be fantast;ca~~ycolored with broad, sweeping bands; others are dark brown. ,

The PUFFER is scaleless, but wears weak and movable spines and prickles. I t ranges from 2 or 3 inches to a footin letzgth. I t s belly usually pugs when up the fish is removed from gether. water.

The PARROT FISH, gaudilycolored, in greens and blues, has flesh that i s soft a d pasty. I t will be f o u d about reefs atzd is characterized by teeth fused to-

Page 10

They may cut your lines. Let sharks alone if you can get other fish. Never harpoon a big shark. The best place to harpoon a small shark is just behind the fin on its back. Harpooned sharks often roll over on the line and try to bite it. Fight them hard and A bitten line keep the taut. line means a lost harpoon.

These Plants Mav Be Eaten

Turtles
The whole meat, blood, and juice of a turtle are good to eat. There isgood meat against the shell under thebackbone. Cut through the ribs to get it. Afteraturtle'sheadis cut off, the headmay bite andthe claws may scratch.Watch out. If a turtle comes near your boat, try to snagit by throwing your grapple or a fishhook across it where the hook will catch in leg or neck, or in the The TARO plant has a leaf in the edge of the shell. Better still, use your shape of a long heart. The roots harpoonandstrikethe shell hard. contain irritating crystals which Swimmers have caught turtles in the roasting or boiling will extract. sea by turning them on their backs The boiled tops are edible. and towing them to a boat. Hot sun brings aclear oil out of turtle fat. Dip your food in it.

\
PIG WEED

The PORTULACA, or PIGWEED, has, when cooked, a food value as high as that of spinach. Young shoots may be eaten raw.

Birds
All birds are good to eat, cooked or raw. Their blood and livers are eatable. Birds will sometimeslighton the boat or on your back or head. Catch every bird you can. Save the feathers. Use themtomake fishing jigs. Stuff them inside your shirt to keep you warm.Orskin the whole bird, take the meat and bones out of the wings, and leave the wings attached to the skin. Dry the skinwith the feathers on it in the sun and use it towraparound yourneck or cover your back. The meat guts and of birds, and even the toe, make good bait. Birds follow schools of fish and show you where they When are. feeding on a school, birds sometimes get so excited that you can get right up to and them harpoon them. Watch for fish also. You can sometimes catch small birds with your dip net. Larger birds will oftentake a bait of Ash on a hook trolled or dragged on top of the f they will OfteR water. I nearby, come after chum or a piece of fish tossed into the air.

Head

Male Flower Head

The fruit of the PANDANUS tree maybechewed upon, or steam cooked k an earth oven. The edible paste, which is scraped from the fibers of a baked pandanus, is fragrant and tastes something like mashed potatoes.

The BREADFRUIT may grow wild in Polynesia. The fruit is oval, about 5 to 8 inches in diameter, rough skin, yellow green. It must be cooked. The trees average 20 t o 40 feet high, with leaves 1 '/2 to 2 feet long, shaped like fig leaves.

Fish in Seaweed
Certain kinds of seaweed are good

to eat, but not unless you have plenty of water. . No seaweed is poisonous. Chew it up fine and swallow it. A bunch of seaweed often holds small fish which you caneat. Lift it out slowly and carefully, and shake it over the boat. Pickoutall little jellyfish and crabs that might be among them. Jellyfish are often poisonous. Crabs are too to salty eat unless you have plenty of water.

Eels 4 d Srtakes
Eels are fish and good to eat. But be careful not to mistake sea snakes for eels. Seasnakes are foundonly inthe Pacific and Indian Oceans. Theyhave scales. Eelsdo not. Eels swim under water, snakes mostly on top. Sea snakes are poisonous. Let them alone. (Continued on page 49)

Page 1 1

Wahoo Runnin Japanese Gunning. . .

U. S. SUB ESCAPES TO TELL HER TALE
Wahoo runningand a destroyer gunning, accordingto theUnited States submarines commander. But the only reason she wasfleeing was because she was naked, her commander, Lt. Comdr. Dudley W. Morton, USN, of Miami, said. She had spent all her torpedoes sinking two freighters, a tanker, a transport, anda new-type Japanese destroyer in an extensive patrol in the South Pacific. After sinking a destroyer January 24 and acomplete convoyof four ships the during 14 hours 2 days later, Wahoo was heading for more peaceful waters January 27, when a group of vessels was sighted. Although he knew he had no torpedoes, Lieutenant CommanderMortondecided toattack a straggler with guns from the surface.Aftermaneuveringforthe attack, he saw a destroyer steaming toward him. I turned tail and tried toopen the range while the destroyer was firing everything it hadand wasdriving down on us, he said. The Wahoo was running, and the destroyer was gunning. Lieutenant Commander Mortons crew bagged its firstprize in a fingerlike bay on MushuIsland, off the northeast coast of New Guinea. We were told to look out for shipping headed for Wewak, which was supposed to be a small port on the coast of New Guinea. We didnt know definitely where it was, but we found it on a 25-cent map an enlisted man had bought, the Wahoos skipper related. We figured the location as best we could from that. However, we found an enemy destroyer, and we destroyed him. The commander of the sub said he fired several torpedoes and missed all except the last, which hit the enemy ship between the stacks and broke it in two. We wenton anotherpatroland convoy 2 days later, THE WAHOO COMES HOME: Every flag on her conning tower stands ran into another for a enemy ship s m k . Another exploit of the now famous U . S. sub- he continued. It wasearlymornm and marine: to sink an entire Japanese conuoy. Notice the clean-sweep ing. We destroyed two ships Fourteen hours damaged a third. broom atop conning tower.
Page 12

OR ONE whole tlay it was The

--Off1ficinl

1.. S. Nary lhotograph.

Mortally wounded by an Americas submarine, this enemy ship, probably a transport, i s afireamidin the ships riding and low water.

--PI.F.ss Association.

Back f r o m a successful South Pacific patrol job, this United States underseas razder (not t h e Wahoo) came into an unnamed port for overhauling. Members of t h e crew test a deck g u n t h a thas a coat of rust. Her score: two Jap warships, two merchant vessels.
later we were able to sink the one we had crippled and a new arrival. Two men were wounded during the surface engagement. One had two toes ainputated by L. J. Linde, of Wisconsin, a pharmacists The mate. amputation was performed a with pair of wire clippers, as there were no surgical instruments available. It was the first voyage in the Pacific for the Wahoos commander, and he said it took a week after thecruise for him to get the nerves in the back of his neck untangled. And -thats the sign of being scared,gentlemen,headdedsmilingly. thetic given Platter began to wear
off. Platter remarked that he could

Has Appendix Removed In Underseas Operation

Chief Pharmacists Mate Thomas A. Moore, of Chino Valley, Ariz., had never performed an appendectomy before, but when Fireman George W. Platter, of Buffalo, N. Y., became ill withacute appendicitis aboard the United Statessubmarine Silversides far out in the Pacific, Moore felt confident he could do the operation. An hour and 3 5 minutes after the operation started, spinal the anes-

move his toes and that he was begin- ning to feel pain. Then he said, Hit me on the head with something. againstthe A can and a half of ether was used Hersternsilhouettedvessel makes her sky, a Japanese to finish up the operation. death plunge into a choppy sea. After 5 hours work the badly inA photographer aboard t h e atflamed appendix was finally removed. tacking United States submarine Platter quickly recovered and was madethispicturethroughthe back on duty withina short time. PeriscoDe, The appendectomy was the second knownsuchoperation to havebeen a United States performed aboard submarine. Previously, Pharmacists Mate Wheller E. Lipes, of Newcastle, Va., extracted the appendix of Dean Rector, Chautauqua, Kans., while their submarine was submerged in Pacific waters. (INFORMATION BULLETIN, January 1943, p. 10.) I n another operation at sea, Lawof renceWright, S ~ C , Chattanooga, Tenn., his had appendix removed whileaboard a Coast Guardcutter in the North Atlantic. A terrific storm was raging, and thedoctor, Ed- .An American submarine, operating ward B. Gall, Galveston, Tex., his asin the Pacific, chalked up another sistants, andWright, had to be lashed victim in i t s war of attrition to the operating table because of the against Japanese shipping whew pitching of theship.Theoperation it set this small enemy ship afire was successful. by shellimg.

Page 13

The Navy College Training Program

Qualified Enlisted Men May Apply Through Commanding Officers
N L I S T E Dmen of the United States Navy and the United States Naval Reserve who are able to qualify may apply for assignment tothe NavyCollege Training Program tobe inaugurated about July 1. Designed to produce officers for the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, the Navy College Training Program is open to students and recentgraduates of high schools and preparatory schools and present college students in addition to enlisted men of the Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps. The new program designated as the Navys V-12 program will also absorb most students now in collegewho enlisted in the Navy and Marine Corps Reserves, who enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve Corps with Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard preference, or who hold student probationary commissions in the United States Naval Reserve. Students to be trained under the Navys College Training Program for generalduties willreceive 1% years of study at colleges and universities under contract the to Navy. This period of training will consist of four terms of college work of weeks 16 duration each. The length of courses for students who are in training for specialized service, including chaplain, medical, dental, and engineering ,officer candidates, will varyfrom 6 to 12 terms. At the conclusion of their college work students will take specialized naval training leading to commissions. Enlisted personnel of the United States Navy andthe United States Naval Reserveon active duty may apply totheir commanding officers forassignmenttothe NavyCollege Training Program. Commanding officers will consider all applicants under their command and select the best qualified men on the basis of the following requirements which must be fulfilled by every applicantenlisted in the Navy or the Naval Reserve: 1. Be on active duty. 2. Be a male citizen of the United States. 3. Be morally and physically qualified for commissioned rank including a minimum visual acuity of 18/20 in ,each eye.

4. Have aminimumeducation of graduation from high school with a creditablescholarship ratinganda maximum educationof not more than 3 years of college completed. (Men having 2 or more years of college are eligible for the Reserve Midshipman Program.) 5. Be between seventeenth and twenty-third birthday on the day the application is submitted. 6. Be unmarried, and agree to remain unmarried until commissioned by the Navy unlesssoonerreleased Department. 7. Be recommended by their commanding officer for this training. 8. Have passed a general classification test with a gradeof 85 or higher. Those who have not taken classification tests or for whom a classification testmark is not available will take the General Classification Test. Men at sea o r overseas whose applications have been forwarded to the Bureau of Naval Personnel will take the test uponarrival at navaltrainingstations designated as assembly points. Men on duty within the continental limits of the UnitedStates will be given the test by their commanding officers as soon aspracticableand prior to forwarding theapplication to the Bureau of Naval Personnel. 9. Sign a statement that he iswilling to accept a change in rating to apprentice seaman immediately prior to enrollment at the college to which assigned, if selected for,this training. Personnel dropped from this training will be restored to their previous ratingexceptin disciplinary cases. HE recommendation of the commanding officer will be the most important single factorin selecting candidates training. for All statements and qualifications including age, education and physical condition, will be verified by the commanding officer as far as practicable under existing circumstances. Applications of candidates selected by commanding officers should be forwarded through regular channels so that they reach the Bureau of Naval Personnel byMay 1, 1943. The first group of students selected will be ordered to report for college classes to begin about July 1. Additional as-

signments will be made later for classes to start about November 1 and March 1, 1944. Successful candidates willbe permitted to indicatetheirpreference for assignment to colleges on the Navy list. The Navy will respect the preference of the student as far as possible. No guarantee, however, can be made that a students requestfora given college will be granted. Students may also expressapreliminary~ choice of courses of study, such as medicine, engineering, etc. Assignment and continuance in those courses will be based on the needs of the service and demonstrated competence in the particular field. The Navy is entering into contracts with selected colleges and universities for the training, housing, feeding andmedical service of its students. Colleges are selected by a joint committee consisting of representatives of the armed forces and the War Manpower Commission. The colleges may or may not, at their own discretion, give regular academic for credit by the Navy courses prescribed Department.

HE Bureau of Naval Personnel will prescribe the curricula necesof offisaryinsure to production cer material for the various branches of the Naval service, including aviation cadets, engineer and deck officers, engineer specialists, medical and dental officers, supply corps officers, and chaplains. Curricula will vary in length according to t r a i n i n g requirements. The length of course for chaplains, medical, anddental officers be will twelve 16-week terms; engineering specialists, eight 16-week terms; engineering general for duty, six 16week terms; deck and Marine lineafficers, four 16-week terms; and aviators, two16-week terms. Courses for the initial two terms will be similar for all students,except premedical and predental, and will emphasize fundamental college work in mathematics, science, English, history, engineering drawing, and physical training. Premedical andpredentalstudents will substitute chemistry and foreign lan(Continued om page 50)

Page 14

I
f
Official U. S. Marine Corps Photograph.

be between 20 and 50 years of age and must have a college degree or 2 years of college and at least 2 years of business experience or special qualifications in a particular field. Enlisted women must bebetween 20 and 36 years and must have a t ieast 2 years of high school, business school, o r special qualifications. Uniforms will be cut from the same materials as those of the male Marines. The womens green cap will have a red cord, knotted front, surin mounted withthe Marine insignia. Pay and rankwill be identical to those of the men, but the highest commissioned rank below the directors will be that of captain. donor The new director is joint (with mother) her of the Cheney Award to members of the Army Air Corps. Before the war she was interested principally in health and welfare work. She learned to fly in 1940 and received her commercial pilots certificate in April 1942. SinceMay 1941 she has been the lonewoman member of the committee on aviation of the New Jersey defense council. A graduate of Bryn Mawr, Major Streeter married was in 1917 to Thomas W. Streeter, lawyer and banker, now retired. They have four children, two sons in the Navy, one in the Army, and a daughter. More than 500 Navy recruiting stations located throughout the country are being utilized to speed upinduction of volunteers forservice in the WomensReserve of both the Navy and Coast Guard. Screening tests and other preliminary phases of the applicationsreceived fromvolunteersforduty as enlisted women are to be handled a t the recruiting stations, while the stations also issue forms on which officer-candidates apply forcommissions. Other steps necessary to complete the enlistment of enlisted women and the enrollment of women officers will -be carriedout at the 37 main and branch officesof NavalOfficer Procurement. The new set-up will permit acceleration of efforts to bring into thenaval service womenwho can relieve men for duty in combat zones. At the same time, it will lighten the heavy work load of the offices of Naval Officer Procurement. During 1943 the Navy will seek 4,500 women officers and 31,000 enlisted women.

Mrs. Ruth Chemey Streeter is director of wornem irc the Marine Corps.

Marines Open Ranks to Women

Mrs. Ruth Cheney Streeter Appointed Director and Given Rank of Major

HE United States Marine Corps has opened its ranks to women. Recruiting of officer and enlisted personnel is under way. The Marine Corps was the first branch of the service ever to admit women-during the first World War. It was the last to do so during the present war. Director 6f the new organization is Mrs. Ruth Cheney Streeter, of Morristown, N. J., former State defense council member, who hold will the rank of major. The women reserves will be trained in schools already established for

WAVES a t womens colleges throughout the country. upon completion of training they will be assigned to Marine Corps training centers, posts,and stationsto release menforcombat duty. By law, members of the Marine Reserve can serve onlywithin the continental United States, just asdo the WAVES and SPARS. Both married and unmarriedwomen areeligible, but no married woman with children under 18 years of age will be accepted and no woman married to a member of the MarineCorps can serve. Applicants for commissions must

Page 15

INFORMATION N BULLETI
January 22,1943

CHRONOMAP

-February 20,1943
AXIS and Occupied Territory

Allies and Occupied Territory

Chicago

Y
~

Relations Neutral

Broken With Axis

QUOTES OF THEMONTH
RESIDENT Roosevelt: Imporand unrelenting . . . The enedy from tant actions will be taken in the must be hit and hit hard so many skies over China-and over Japan directions that he never knows which is his bow and which is his stern . . . itself . . . Our prime purpose in this Battle of Tunisia is to drive our ene. . . The pressure miessea the into on Germany and Italy will be constant Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox:

The long, long roadtothebattle front is paved, well paved, and the endless wagon train is moving out of the distant frontiers of freedom. The jungles and the palm groves are sprouting the dragons teeth the Japanese have sowed. The going is hard and it willbe harder, but there are steady, strong hands on the controls and there are legions of heroes, Ameriicans, Australians, and New Zealand-

Page 16

ers out there, ashore, afloat, and in the air.

A. V. Alexander, First Lord of the Admiralty:TheUnitedStatesand the British Commonwealth have one fundamental strategical task in common, namely, to maintain at all costs the seacommunications of the United Nations against the threat of surface and U-boats. For our sea communi-

cations are essential to enable us to carry the war to the enemy, as we. must and intend to do. the United States Army Air, Corps, in commenting on the equipment taken to North Africa: There were 390 items of clothing, 10,000 different Signal Corps items, 65,000 items of medical supplies and drugs, 100,000EngiLt. Col. Walter

a E. Richards, of

neer Corps items and bulldozers, welldigging equipment andstorage tanks, including tanks, guns, ammunition, and parts. spare Every man set ashore carried three pairs of shoes.

Capt. Edward J. Moran, commanding officer of the U. s. s. Boise, upon entering battle: Pick out the biggest one and fire.

Page 17

Official U. S. Marine Corps Photographs.

ANOTHER VIEW of the commumications center: From this point messages were relayed to fi&g lines and strategy was directed.

Funkhole Philosophers of Guadalcanal

Rooseveilt, Churchill Outline

ALLIES TO DEMAND WNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER

3Strategy 4

a t Casablanca, PresidentRoosevelt, Prime MinisterWinstonChurchill,and the military and naval commanders of the United States and Great Britain completed plans foroffensive campaigns\in 1943. Premier Josef Stalin of Russia and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of China were kept informed of developments. Said the official communique: The entire field of war wassur: veyed theater by theater throughout the world and all resourceswere marshaled for a more intense prosecution by sea, land, air. and of the war Nothing like this prolonged discussion between two allies has ever taken place before. Complete agreement . . uponwarplans was reached. and enterprises to be undertaken during campaigns the of 1943 against Official I S. Army Photograph. ! . with a The Casablanca conference: A t the Presidents villa for the meeting with Germany,Italy,andJapan view to drawing the utmost advantage the British-left to right, seated: Gem. George C . Marshall, Chief of from the markedly favorable turn of Stafi of the United States Army; the President; Admiral E. J. King, events at theclose of 1942. Commander in Chief of the United States Navy. Rear: Harry Hopkins; Gen. Henri Honor6 Giraud, French Lt. Gem H . H . Arnold, Commanding United States Army Air Forces; .African High Commissioner, and Gen. Lt. Gen. Brehon Somervell, Commading General, Services of Supply, Charles de Gaulle,FightingFrench United States Army; and Averell Harriman, United States defense commander, also met and conferred. expedition in Great Britain. After their meeting they announced: We have met. We have talked. We have registered our entire agreement on the end to be achieved, which is the liberation of France and the triumph of human liberties by the total defeat of the enemy. This end will be of all attained- by aunioninwar Frenchmen fighting side by side with all their allies. The President flew across the Atlantic by clipper, then continued to Casablanca in a four-enginedbomber for his fourth and most dramatic conference with Churchill. During the10 days he spent in French Morocco, the President inspected American troops nearCasablancaina jeep, lunched fromaregular mess kit, visited an American military cemetery a t Port Lyautey, anddined with Sidi Mohammed, the Sultanof Morocco. A t a Press conference January 24 U. S. Mr. Roosevelt said the United Nations The Britishdelegation-PrimeMinisterChurchill, OfficialseatedNavy Photograph. center,poses (Continued on page 51 ) with his group.

N a historicconference

Page 19

WAVES Get Slacks, White Ur 'f AI orms

Summer Work Uniform . To Be Navy Blue
AVY blue for work. Whitefor dress. These are the latest and final changes in summer uniforms of the Women's Reserve of the Navy established in circular letter 5555-3, dated February 4, 1943.' The service dress white was approved for enlisted personnel as well . as officers after it was decided to change thecolor of the summer working uniform from reserve to navy blue, which resulted in keeping the WAVES in navy blue the year around. White will be optional for enlisted WAVES but required for officers. A white, short-sleeved, cotton gabardineshirtwaist will be the shirt worn with the summer blue uniform. Enlisted women will wear their rating marks on the sleeves of these shirts. Officerswill wear collar insignia. Removal of the suit jackets while working will be permissible. Black shoes willbe worn with working uniform and white shoes with the service dress uniform. It is now permissible for women to wear buckle type shoes with dress uniform, both winter and summer. The working uniform will be a cotton gabardine suit instead the preof viously announced reserve blue suit of the same material, and will be o f the same design as thewoolen winter uniform. The change was made because the reserve blue color, now used for winter work shirtsandfor officers' sleeve stripes, was found to be unsatisfactory for the entire suit. When wearing the white uniform, women will not use the black leather shoulder strap attached to the uniform pocket. The pocketbook will be carried in hand. New articles of uniform for WAVES include tailored wool or cotton slacks. The slacks are to be worn with the wool or cottonuniformjacket,dependingon the season, and willbe used only where the work actually demands that the women wear trousers and thecommanding officer so orders. A lightweight summer raincoat and rain hat are being designedfor women reservists. SUMMERDRESS: (Comtiwed om page 50)

Suit is of white palm beach cloth with Navy stripes o the sleeves. m

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

blue

Page 20

I
H

Three Coast Guard Incidents

In the North Atlantic, at Guadalcanal, Africa, saw they action and off
then another clipped him on the jaw and knocked him out. The story of the battle against NorthAtlanticstorms was told by Norman Thomas, coxswain, USCG, of Portland, Maine. Thomas also told how the cutter carried supplies to a stranded Eskimo community and saved the population from possible death. He described, too, how LawrenceWright, S ~ Cof , Chattanooga, Tenn., survived an appendectomy while the cutter was battling a fierce gale. Our cutter waslocked in an ice

GUADALCANAL
AVING survived 112 bombings

30 and being under shellfire times in the 90 days he was on Guadalcanal, Warrant Oficer James D. Fox, Uniontown, Pa., has returned to the United Statesto summarize the part the Coast Guard played in the bitter fighting. Fox, in recounting his experiences, said one night he left a Jap blanket on his bunk while taking cover in a fox hole. After a barrage, the blanket had a large shrapnel hole through four layers. Foxs tent was filled with 72 holes. Anothernighthereturnedtohis tent for cigarettes. A Jap sniper in a nearbytree fired at him, the bullet cutting through the tent and lodging in the dirt floor. The Japs are lousy shots, Fox commented. The Coast Guard did not confine itself to the transportation of troops and supplies, Fox recounted.When the goingwas tough the guardsmen dug their own machine-gun nests, which they set up in defensive spots. Others joined artillerymen manning guns. Still others pitched in with the Infantry.The job a t hand was to shoot the up Japs, the and Coast Guard men proved they were as qualified for that job as theywere for landing boats on the beach, Fox said. Telling of the rescue of a Japanese pilot who had been shot down by American forces, Fox said: As the Coast Guard man brought his boat near, the Nip flier drew his pistol,aimed at the Americanpilot (who shotthe Japanese down and who was later shot down himself and then rescued), and pulled the trigger. Nothing happened. Then he put the revolver to his temple and pulled the trigger twice, butagainnothinghappened:Then, rather than get picked up, he tried to dive for the propellers, but as he did one of the Coast Guard men in the crew hooked him under the chin with a boathook and pulled himaboard. As he again started to fight his rescuers one of the crew hit him in the stomach with a 5-gallon water can,

NORTH ATLANTIC
ITTERweather was responsible for locking a United States Coast Guard cutter and its crew in an ice pack in the North Atlantic for a month, and bitter weather also freed the ship. Still another storm enabled the cutter to escape attack by a submarine pack.

By

Larry OToole, Sc 2/c. USCG.

1want him in the

Coast Gmr&I think its the safest branch of the seraice.

Page 21

Air raid and black-out regulations for vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities have been outlined by Vice Admiral Russell R. Waesche, commandant of the United States Coast Guard. The regulations are for the Eastern Defense Command, comprising all east coast States from Maine to Florida. The regulations include blacking out of all vessels, the securing of all watertight bulkheads, manning of fire-fighting stations and equipment, rigging of lifeboats, donning of lifeOfficial U. S. Coast Guard Photograph. belts, and the movement of vessels. Vessels are not required to black-out Coast Guardsmarc James D. Fox or stop loading upon the sounding of shows what Japamese shell fire the black-out (blue) signal, provided did to his blarcket. that such lightingcomplies with dimpack after a storm which lasted aday out regulations, or, in the absence of SHIP NAMES ASSIGNED and a half, Thomas said. There such regulations, thatthey do not sky was nothing but ice as far as theeye materially contribute to glow, and provided that such lighting can exbe could see. We were there a full month Eleven combat vesselsnow under tinguished 1 minute of the within and were reconciled to remaining indefinitely when a second storm blew construction have been assigned the sounding of the air-raid (red) signal. names of similarcraft whichwere This will prevent unnecessary delays up-the samekind of storm as the one which trapped us-and broke up sunk in the South Pacific. They in- in theloading of war cargoes. clude one aircraft three carrier, the ice.We pushed our way out to Special rules are included for vescruisers, and seven destroyers. open sea. sels under way, at anchor, moored to A new carrier will be named the On another occasion the cutterwas piers and docks, and for ferries and completelysurrounded by a U-boat U. S. S. Hornet, a name which is one tugs. Vessels moored to piers and pack, and the pack was closing in to of the oldest in the Navy. The new docks are required to take designated make a kill when a storm blew up. Hornet is the eighth ship to carry this precautions, with the ships crew, the name. Thesubmarineswereforcedtothe longshoremen, and the pier personnel Three cruisers sunk Guadalcanal off bottom to escape the storm. The each assigned specific duties to perwill have their names perpetuated in cutter escaped. form. Provision is also made for discruisers now building. They tress signals in case of air-raid damWhen a distress call was received three from a far northern Eskimo. village are theU. S. S.Northampton, Atlanta, age. and Juneau. which was completely cutoff,with Operators of piers and docks are reDuring the same engagement seven fuel and supplies exhausted, the enquired by the regulations to appoint the tire population was threatened with destroyers were sunk: U. S. S. Bar- an air-raid warden organization, ton, Benham, Cushing, Laffey, Monsdeath. which shall be coordinated with the and Walke. These Preston, Thecutter, loadedwith supplies, sen, local air-raid warden system and fought a bad storm en route t o the names will- be carried by seven new trained pursuant its to procedure. Eskimo town. All hands, plus natives, destroyers now building. Originally other names had been as- The longshoremen and stevedoring worked hoursunloading supplies so organizations are similarly required to that theship would not be trapped by signed to the11 vessels, and theselec- set up an air-raid warden system. tion of the names of the sunk craft ice in the harbor. was a reassignment. A United States destroyer, now NORTH AFRICA building, will be named the U. S. S. SIMILARITY inthe names of The Sullivans, in honor of the five W h y He Wanted to Join two beaches took a small United sons of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Sul- the Navy Iowa, all listed as States Coast Guard patrol to an livan, Waterloo, Great grandfather N was unspecified beach position and led to missing fromthe U. S. S. Juneau, he the rescue of themajority of crew cruiser sunk in action near the Solo- with Commodore Ferry when opened up Japan, a candidate wrote members and some of the soldiers mons. Aboard the Juneau when she was on his application f o r enrollment in fromthe torpedoed trooptransport U. S. S. Leedstown during landing op- sunk were George Thomas,\Francis the NavalReserveOfficers Training erations in North Africa. Henry, Joseph Eugene,Madison-Aber, Corps at the University of Virginia, and I want to help close it down. After landing in the vicinity of Al- and Albert Leo Sullivan.

giers, a detail of men under Hunter Wood, chief boatswains mate of the United States Coast Guard, was instructed to meet a senior officer and theremainder of the division at a nearby beach. There were two beaches in that vicinity with names virtually identical. Fortunately the detail went tothe wrong beach. The Germans, Wood reported, a short time later attacked the Leedstown, anchored offshore. The vessel wasbombed, hit by atorpedo, and ordered abandoned. .Wood and manyof his men stripped by off their clothes and, aided friendly Arabs and native French, succeeded in rescuing the majority of crew members and some of the soldiers from the Leedstown in spiteof a poundingsurf, a strong undertow, and a cold wind.

Blackout Regulations Issued For East Coast

Page 22

-~__ . .

Official U.S. Marine Corps Photograph.

Udoadimg time at Guadalcalzal: Facilities are crude.

The Problems of Supplying Halsey

They Include Hurricanes, Tropical Heat, Lack of Docks, Worlds Longest Distances
the South Pacific area is an enormous and complex problem, but one that is being met resourcefully. Thisis thereport of Vice Admiral William L. Calhoun, USN, Commander of the Pacific Service Force, who has just returned from thefighting front. war of disHelping to fight a tances in the Pacific, by keeping up the flowof oil, gasoline, ammunition, and food to the Navys fighting ships bases, Vice Admiral and advanced Calhoun reports that ships carrying supplies to thePacific battle zones are being used economically and emciently and are well protected.

UPPLYING the American forces in

One of the greatest needs of United States forces battling the Japanese is aviation gasoline for the fighting planes, so one ofVice Admiral Calhouns major aims is to put gasothat line where it can always be found in sufficient quantities wherever and whenever there is a chance to destroy or damage a Japanese plane, ship, or base. This task is made doubly difficult a t present by the necessity for shipping gasoline in drumsbecause of thelack of adequate receiving and storage facilities in the South Pacific battle areas. All manner of stores for Admiral Halseys fighting men now have to be

handled, on the receiving end, by methods as crude as those Robinson Crusoe had to use, said Vice Admiral Calhoun. There were no storehouses on thoseislands,no magazines, no oil tanks, no refrigeration facilities. Our engineers are building them now, but all materialand alllaborfor new storage facilities must come from the mainland-and that means delay. Ships are scarce. We have very low gradeand insufficient terminaland pier facilities for unloading-sometimes we have to carry things right up the beach. Hurricane weather is frequent and that delays us, too, and

Page 23

the tropical climate is very destructive to stores if unloaded without proper protection to safeguard them until they are used. The man who must solve the supply and shipping problem in the vast distances of the Pacific, analyzed it as two opposing necessities, both of which must be met. On the one side, the fighting forces must have material on hand, as much as they want, whenever and wherever they want to use it. On the other side is the shortage of ships, thelack of storage space, and the uncertainties of tropical climate. Whatever the handicaps, however, they cannot be permitted to interfere with giving the fleet all kinds of stores, in all kinds of quantity. Because of the great distances over which we must work, it is vital for the fighting force to have at hand everything they need for their efforts, he stated. It isnt enough for them to -Official C. S. Xavg Photograph. know its on the way and comingT H E JUNEAU FIGHTS BACK:Throughoutthe6-monthbattlefor it has to be there! The only answer Guadalcanal, the surrounding ocean areas have been the scene of conis to retain supplies in the ships until tinuous naval warfare.Thisphotograph,made in theBattle of the warehouse and refrigeration facilities Santa Cruz Islands, shows the Juneau concentrating fire on a Japanese are ready. Storage on the beaches in , bomber starting its dive, at the left. Another Japanese plane, at right, open weather simply invites destrucheads for cloud protection after having dropped its bomb. The Juneau tion and total loss of our storesby the later was sunk in theBattle of Guadalcanal, November 13-15. The elements. Navy recently announced that the heavy cruiser Chicago and an unICE ADMIRAL CALHOUNS comlzamed destroyer had been sunk south of Guadalcanal. ments were based upon38 months then he goes into the from here to there in all directions of first-hand experience in serv- stove-and kitchen, gets the stove lids, and since our war began, the more do I icing the United States Fleet in the realize that every effort is necessary Pacific, as Commander of the Service throws them, too. ROM his trip of 27,300 miles, by on the part of us all to sink .those Force. air, Vice AdmiralCalhoun re- Japs. He spent more than 2 months in a Transportation and storageof supturned with some deep impresrecentpersonalinspection of every plies is improving swiftly andhas base and every facility, viewing them sions. First, he said, Iwas struck with been bettered by 25 to 30 percent in from air, water, land, and where the morale, ability, and theclaim and recent months in the area where AdAmerican troops are quartered or miral Halseys forces are operating. where they are tobe quartered in the intelligent courage of our men. Well begun by Admiral Halseys predNext, almost more than the marSouth and Southwestern Pacific. velous fighting job the Marines have ecessor, the improvements have been For 35 days,including thebattle I done on Guadalcanal, was impressed advanced speedily by the men now in periods of October 25-26 and Novem- with the way theyhavedug them- charge of operations. Pacific selves a place to live in that jungle, ber 11-15, he was in the South If these remarks are ever released I. with Admiral William? Halsey, Jr. to thepublic, was Admiral Calhouns how they made have themselves Admiral Halsey, declared, has homes as white men, while they con- final word, I want to close them this he with himthe elect of the fighting men, tinue to whang the enemy 24 hours way : and the working men, of the Army, every day. TOBilly Halsey and his fighting Navy, and Marines, and he keeps the Another indelible impression isthe forces in the South Pacific-God bless first team in there fighting 24 hours complete gratitude of the people of you and guide you and give you a day. New Zealand who look upon the strength. May you continueto kill Whenever Billy Halsey andhis Americans as friends inneed and say those Japs, and then kill some more. gang of fighting men need anything, to us: Maybeyou are fighting your Our hearts, and especially my no matter where, no matter whos got own war, but as far were concerned heart,arewith you. Although now, as it, and no matter how much it costs, you are fighting ours, too! from these great distances, we send it is up to me, and to Mr. and Mrs. I am still amazed at the vast disyou the sinews of war, we are with and Miss America, to get it out to tances of this war and am still learn- youevery instant. We work at your them just as quick as God wills. ing how big the world is, for I have side. We sit in your conferences. WhenAdmiral Halsey goes into seen how long it takes togo from here We are filled with pride in your work action, he throws everything hes got to there, even with the fastest means and the results. Godyou bless at the enemy including the kitchen of travel ever known. Having been again.

Page 24

Press Association.

A t a South Pacific base: American troops look oyer Japanese prisoners brought from Guadalcanal.

Our Largest Prison Camp for Japs

Behind barbed-wire entanglements at this Marine Corps base is the largest concentration of Japanese war prisoners theworld. in To the visitor this prison camp provides a liberal education in the upsetting of firmly-held beliefs about the Nipponese. Jap officers, enlisted men, and laborerscaptured a t Guadalcanal by Marines areanythingbut resigned and sullen prisoners of war, who brood about the misery of their lot, as they are pictured in many reports. Once over his astonishment that he is being treated like a human being, and given more food thanhehas probably had for some time, the Jap undergoes a rapid readjustment. Often he becomes a happy-go-lucky prisoner with a passion for horseplay, cigarettes, American slang and swing tunes. Imagine Tojos discomfort if he knew that his warriors were calling

Guests Call Each Other %-Ball, Sing Chores (MY Blue Heaven Between
OMEWHERE IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC.-

in which the Japs have been kept. Eight-man tents, which they keep scrupulously clean, house the prisoners. Reveille is at 6 a. m., roll call, at 6:30, breakfast at 7, lunch a t noon, supper at 5:30 p. m., another roll call ball. at 6, and taps at 8. A prisoner, who possessed a smatThe work day begins at 8 a. m., is tering of English,asked what, that interrupted at 11:30, resumed at 1, meant. When it was laboriously ex- and closes at 3:30. plained, a smile wreathed h i s puckMost of the prisoners are enlargered features.Hachi He said: ing the camp to handlemore of their maru. Within an hour, these words brethren, expected at all times. Othwere on the tongue of every prisoner. ers work on nearby farms. The Jap Nor would Tojo appreciate the sen- isoftenseeninthe classic shoveltiments displayed by anotherprisleaning position. oner, when someone mentioned GerWherever possible, prisoners are manyinhis presence.With thumb permitted self-government. The and forefinger of his left handhe camp commandant has arranged gripped his nose firmly, while the right councils among them-10 tents to a Hitlerian a council. The councillor appointed hand forward shot in salute. by the men acts as liaison officer beThe Japsoldier or sailor knows far tween the prisoners andthe comless about the war than any man in mandant. These councillors allot the the uniform of the United Nations. work and are in charge of entertainOfficers areastounded by thestate (Continued on page 47) of general ignorance of world events

eachotherHachimaru, whichis Japanese for 8-ball. This started recently. when two marines visited the camp to polish up the Japanese they had studied. One leatherneck called the other an 8-

Page 25

A New U. S Battleship a
I

This set of photographs was made durimg the recent cruise of one of the mewest, mightiest units of the line.

The twoforward 1G-ilzch gun turrets.

The steerilzg wheel.

The bloomers of the big guns. Page 26

The breech of ome of the big gums.

INDUCTION
(Colztilzued from page 7 ) ducted and may end up in either the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard. W h o Is Respolzsible for What?
The new system of Army-Navy induction is headed by a joint two-man Army and Navy control, centered in Washington, and consisting of the . Director of Navy Recruitingand a corresponding Army officer. Their job is to decidepolicies andadjust any problems that arise-subject to the over-all prescribed authority of the Joint Army and Naval Personnel Board. The Director of Navy Recruiting, of course, is a part of the Bureau of Naval Personnel.He has under him in the field nine inspectors of Navy recruiting and induction,who are responsible for all Navy recruiting and induction intheir areas-corresponding to the Armys nine service commands. Each inspector, in addition, has coordinating duties with the commandinggeneral of the Armys corresponding service command. Under the inspectors are theofficers in charge of the Navys main recruiting stations and substations. They supervise for their area the induction of naval inductees and the jobof disstatributing them to the training tions, in addition to carrying on the normal recruiting activities in connection with liyear-olds, men 38 to 50, and enlisted WAVES. . The minimum naval force assigned to eachjoint inductioncenterconsists of one line officer, one medical officer,twochief petty officers (line and engineering), two Hospital Corpsmen, and threeyeomen. I n additionthere are present at least two noncommissioned officers of the Marine Marine Corps responsible to their Corps recruiting districts, one and petty officer of the Coast Guard.

Official U. S. Kavy Ihotogralh.

Daughter of AdmiralHalseyLaunches

New Carrier

The Ulzited States Nauys newest, aircraft carrier, The Cowpelzs, i s ready to slidedowlztheways as Mrs. Prestolz LeaSprualzce, daughter of Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., breaks a bottle of champagwe against the bow. The ceremolzy took place Jalzuary 17 at Camdelz, N . J .

The New TraDiv Letter

structor is thus enabled to emphasize points in his lecture by using colored chalk. In addition, there is a saving of the time requiredto draw diagrams by hand. Two articles, one entitled Improper Use of Hand Tools, stresstheimportance of conserving vital war metals. The second illustrates the method employed by the Naval Training School (Machinists Mates), Wahpeton, N. Dak., in using one piece of steel for as many training operations as possible, finishing withauseful product. The Motor Torpedo Boat Training Centerin Rhode Island finds that visual aids areof a great help to them qualify in accordance estabwith training PT boat officers, even lished Navy requirements, the Navy in gives the applicanta letter to the joint though the boats and equipment used induction center, stating thathe isso inPT boatoperation are available qualified. If the candidate is not ina for training purposes, another article Eflect om Procuremelzt of Oficers deferred classification as an essential relates. Other training articles of interest While it is beyond the scope of this war worker, the local Selective Service go article to into details about the pro- board thereupon sends himto the in- include such diverse subjects as marine parachutist training, visual aids duction center, where he is inducted summary curement of officers, this new methods for would not be complete withouta word into the Navy and transferred to the forradio schools, by the Coast film uses developed as to howofficer candidates are af- nearest recruiting station for further assignment in theprogram for which Guard, the new oil burning school at fected by the new induction system. Philadelphia. I n general, the officer program is af- selected. As for the commissioning of Anyofficer ornaval activity may officers directfrom civilian life, refected very little. Applicants for V-5, V-7, and certain specialist classifica- gardless of age, that continues as beobtain copies of the TraDiv Letter by tions to be announced may apply di- fore, unchanged by the new induction writing to the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, D. C. rectly to the Navy as before. If they system.

RAINING officers who have been wondering whether are there others in the naval service with theirparticularproblems will learn from the February 15, 1943, issue of the TraLXv Letter that they have plenty of company. Stressing the solution of training problems by the use of training aids, the magazine contains an article on an aid used by the radiomaterial school at Treasure Island which obviates the use of diagrammatic chartsthe in classroom. Negative lantern slides which can be projected onablackboard are used. Thein-

Page 28

~~~

IT HAPPENED ONGUADALCANAL
Jap Soldier Answers
Marine in English
A Marinebasein the SouthPacific.-Capt. John Erskine, USMC, Uhrichsville, Ohio, an interpreterwho was born in Japan, spent 10 minutes inrecentfightinginthe Solomons, using his best Japanese inan effort to talk a group of trapped Japanese soldiers into surrendering. CaptainErskines Japanesearguments apparently were not persuasive because one of the Japs finally spoke up-in equally goodEnglish-shouting, Go to hell, Marine.

The marines threw hand grenades ourlanding, recalls CaptainSperinto thecave in which these Japs were ling, and we were advancing through trapped, but the Japs threw them out the bushes near shore. I passed as fast as the grenades were thrown within 3 yards of a Jap sniper conit was necessary to .cealed in the bush. I must have been in. Ultimately seal thecave with dirt to prevent their looking right at him without seeing escape. him when I heard three pistol shots. This was one of the stories of ma- Flannigan yelled, I missed him with rine action told by Capt. William E. my first shot. Sperling, 1 1 USMC, New Brunswick, 1, Another Tulagi hero was Gunncry N. J., who spent 55 days fighting on Sgt. John E. Kennedy, USMC, PittsTulagi and Guadalcanal. burgh,Pa. Sergeant Kennedy, over I n recalling the fighting, Captain 40 years of age, charged a cave hiding Sperling related how Sgt. John Flan- Japanese delaying the advance of the nigan, USMC, Springfield, Ill., probably company. He foundthesprint too saved his life. much for his age and toppled on the We had not been fired upon during return trip, rolling head over heels as

-Press

Association.

Three Naval leaders: Left to right, Admiral William F. Halsey, Commader, Southwest Pacific Area and South Pacific Force; Secretary of the Nauy Frank Kvzox; Admiral Chester W . Nimitz, Commader in Chief, Pacific Fleet. They were photographed ort Secretary Knoxs recent inspectiort trip t o the Pacific. Page 29

a volley of Jap fire passed over him. The fallprobably saved his life. The captainalso recallsthe heroism of Gunnery Sgt. Angus Goss, Tampa, Fla., who subsequently was wounded. Sergeant Goss got sorewhen an enemy group could not be dislodged and walked into a Japanese dugout, killed seven Japs with his automatic riflle, and walked out without a scratch.

Native of Solomon Islands Is Decorated

formerly a member of a savage tribe, has been awarded the Silver Star Medal for steadfastly refusing to disclose the disposition of United States Marine Corps units, by Japanese despite bayoneting soldiers. He is Vouza, a sergeant major in theBritishConstabularyinthe islands. Vouza, previously given the, British award for valor by King George V I for the same incident, was awarded the Silver Star Medal by the Secretary of the Navy, acting in behalf of President Roosevelt. Vouza, a 6-footer who speaks pidgin English, was captured behind Japanese lines while on a mission for the Marines. Japanese soldiers questioned about him the location of Americanforces, but he declined-to answer. His captors then tied him to a tree and jabbed about arms, him the shoulders, and face with bayonets. Still the native remained mute. Finally Vouza lapsed intounconsciousness and slumped across the ropes which bound him. He was left for dead. Regaining consciousness hours later, Vouza crawled back to the Marines lines and told his story, d d i n g valuable information about Japanese troops. Hewas treated by aUnited States Army surgeon. In the Presidents citation, the native policeman was further commended for rescuing a United States naval dogfight over officer downed in a enemy territory in Guadalcanal. He led the aviator through Jap-held positionsto safety behind theMarine lines.

NATIVE of the Solomon Islands,

Japanese officers sword which has become the envy of the entire company. Johnson tells this story of the capture of this prize: Today I had some time off, so I decided to look up a pal whos up in thefront lines. I crossed the Matanikau andhiked west, asking for my friend on the way. Nobody knew exactlp where he was, so I continued walking. When Id gone about a half mile I saw three guys come out of the jungle, but I didnt pay much attention them. to Pretty soon we got closer. I stopped. They stopped. At the same time we caught on that we werent friends. They jabbered a few words, and the two smaller ones, probably enlisted men,dropped the cocoanuts theydbeen carrying and ran. The big one did not move. He just stood and stared at me. I knew he was an officer,because he wore their littlecap, carried the sword, and had a pistol. I dropped to one knee, unslung my good rifle, and fired. The Jap pitched forward on his face, the sword falling in front of him. I fired two shots at the soldiers, but they reached cover before I could get them. Firstthing I thought of was t o get that sword. I grabbed it and ran asfastas I could. Guess I didnt slowdown until Idgone a quarter mile. I thought that the soldiers had gone to get help, thinking I was the I hurried point of a Marine patrol. back to be in timefor chow, and some of our officers looked over the sword and asked how I got it. Butwhen the colonelsaw it, he said it was one of the finest he had seen.

had buried 348 of the enemy and had taken 2 prisoners. When we hit the beach, Lieutenant Turner said, it was every man for himself. In front of us was a pill box at the base of a hill. We had to clean up that pill box and take that hilltocontrol the situation. As we moved forward they were shooting US from front in and behind. I was fianked by two sergeants as I moved toward the hill. One of them shouted, You cant live forever, boys. He was shot through the head5 minutes later, dying instantly. In another minute the other sergeant was shot through the back. I put my Browning automatic rifie against my chest and started rolling on the ground until I fell into a shell hole 10 yards away. I was joined there by another sergeant. At this point I made up my mind that Id be killed in another few minutes anyway, so the two of us left the hill and got shell hole and ran up the behind the pill box, swarming with Japs. The sergeant and I opened fire with our rifles. Thatswhere I was credited with getting 27 of them. They fired at us with pistols; and when their ammunitiongave out, they threw rocks at us. Occasionally the Japs would rush out of their trenches with their knives and swords waving wildly and charge suicidally into marine bayonets. Three months Lieutenant later Turner was wounded by shrapnel in another engagement on Guadalcanal.

Marine Takes Enemy Machine Gun Nest

RMED with a rifle, bayonet, and

Premonition-So Killed 27 Japs

He

Fighting Marine Takes Postmans Holiday

VT. CHARLES A. JOHNSON, USMC, of Seattle, Wash., spent his

day off to stroll up front and came back the proud possessor of a

that he wasgoing to be killed, but he tricked fate by emergingunscratchedafter killing 27 Japanese soldiers single-handed. That is the story of Second Lt. Samuel Corder Turner, USMC, Murtaugh, Idaho,andabattle on Tanambogo Island. The lieutenant was among 90 men and officers ordered to take the tiny island. The Japs were believed to there. Actually, have only 60 men there were 350. A week later the marines, who suffered only 25 casualties,

E HAD apremonition

one hand grenade, a lone Marine Corps private silenced an enemy machine and gun killed its crew in a hand-to-hand struggle west of the Matanikau River, on Guadalcanal. Pvt. John T. Yaksich, Detroit, Mich., emerged from the fray without injury. His only worry, he admitted, concerned the reprimand he expected fromhisplatoonleader because he failed t o obtain permission before undertaking the job. , The young leatherneck describes his experience in this fashion: We were advancing along a knoll when we ran into five or six Jap machine guns. It was late, so we dug in for the night. TheJaps were in a wooded spot where their guns commanded a clearing through which we

Page 30

 P r e s s Association.

UNITED STATES BOMBERS BLAST JAP SHIPS: Riding at anchor in the japanese harbor base of Rabaul, N e w Britain, this concentration of nearly 100 enemy ships was attacked by American airmen. White circles in the water show bomb hits. Smoke from some of the ships indicates that the craft are getting up steam x. for a dash to safety.
hadto pass. Somebody hadtoget em out of there. Seven men volunteered to go, but we were disappointed when permission was refused. Ihad anidea I could do some good, so just before the suncame up I went out alone. I wasnt trying to .pull a fast one. I guess I shouldnt have done it, but I knew if I asked to go, they wouldnt let me: So I told my buddy to give the word I was out there, but not until I.was far to be too called back. Creeping and crawling, with rifle, fixed bayonet, and two grenades, I moved out. A couple of our mortar shells struck close by me. I hit the imagine how deck fast. You can funny I felt a few moments later when I raised up andlooked into the face of a J a p about 10 feet from me. He was sitting in a dugout off to one sideof a a log machinegun,hiddenbehind emplacement. I flred, andhe went down, shot through the head. Then the racket started. The gun opened up on me. It must have fired three,quarters of a clip. I was flat on my face. It was lucky for me that I was off to one side of the gun or Id have been hit. Icrept closer, shoved my rifle into the dugout and pumped five shots in. The machine gun never fired again. I had armor-piercing ammunition, and a couple of shots hit the bolt of the gun. The riflewasempty, so I reached for my grenades. I had only one. I guess I lost the other on the way. I tossed the grenade and then charged in on em. The grenade hadnt knocked em out.Therewas a wounded Japon the ground and three others were around the gun. I tore in andgot the first with one the bayonet. They were plenty scared, yelling and screaming like anything. I bayoneted the secondone, and he held on to the rifle so I couldnt pull it out. Then the third one grabbed the rifle. We struggled and I spit in his face. I musthave been sd mad I didnt know what I was doing. Twice I hit him in the face with my fist. He fell down, got up again, and went for the corner of the dugout, maybe to get a weapon. I wanted to get out of there before moreJaps came. I grabbed the machine gun and tried to dragit, but it was too heavy, and I was in a hurry. I stood up and ran for our lines. A couple of snipers took pot shots at me, but I made it. The boyswere glad to see me. I told the lieutenantwhathappened and asked permission to go and get the gun. He let 3 volunteers go with me. I borrowed a tommy gun and led the way. I had somegoodboys with me. There was Pvt. Billy J. Van Orden, Oklahoma City, Okla.; Pvt.

Page 31

(1st cl.) Glenn McA. Ole Young, Corpus Christi, Tex.; and Pvt. Richard I. Dowden, Gage, Okla. When we got close enough I blasted the hole withthe tommyand then threwina grenade. The Japs were dead when we got there. Dowden shot andkilled a sniper who was aimbehind a tree. ing at Young from Then Van Orden and Young grabbed the gun andstarted back. Dowden and I remained behind awhile to cover em. When we got back I was worried about getting read off because I had gone out there the f i r s t time without asking. However, Second Lt. Warren Morse,Tulsa, Okla., told us it was good work. A little later, went out andcapwe tured another machine which gun

Van Orden spotted. This time there were seven or eight of us. Van Orden shot the gunner, and we picked up the gun and ran. Snipers tried to get us, but we were lucky.

23 Hours in Water

Off Guadalcanal
HERE were seven of us grouped together the in water when one of the Jap cruisers came by. It picked usup with its searchlight and peppered us with machine guns. Four of the men were killed and one was wounded. A Navy lieutenant and I were the only ones unharmed. I n those wordsChiefBoatswains Mate Vernon A. Suydam, USCG, Sayville, N. Y., told of the sinking of his

ship, theU.S. S. Little. Suydam himself spent 23 hours in shark-infested waters off Guadalcanal. Suydam was oneof 12 Coast Guard men assigned to the Little and$ was handling small boats during landing operations off Guadalcanal. I was at my gun post when two Jap cruisers destroyers and three came upon us, related Suydam. The Little and the Gregory were on patrol around Guadalcanal that night. The Japs let loose with all they had. They blasted out our stern gear and bridge and knocked out our controls. When the abandon ship orderwas given, the Little waszigzagging all over the place at full steam ahead. After being machine-gunned by the Japs, Suydam.continued: I took one of the wounded men, also a Navy lieu-

Official U. 6 . Army Photograph.

Air war im New Guimea: Near Lae, an A-20, flyimg 100 feet above the groumd, strafes Japamese planes below it. Left center, a disabled Japamese bomber; lower right, umder tree, remaims of a Zero; extreme right, in background, amother wrecked e.nemy craft. Page 32

Corp. Barney Ross, USMC, former world boxing champion in three divisions and recently chosen to receive the Neil memorial trophy as the man who did most for boxing in 1942, is recovering at a naval hospital in the South Pacific from his fourth attack of malaria. Ross, who fought on Guadalcanal from November 4 to January 3 , killed 22 Japs during the November 19 action which caused his selection as the 1942 winner of the Neil trophy. The doughty corporal fired 280 rounds of ammunition and threw 20 Americans Borrow hand grenades November 19 while Jap Overalls standingguard over three wounded buddies at an advanced position. HE JAPS, in their hasty retreats Before help reached thequartet, on Guadalcanal, unwittingly aided American troops and Ross said, 33 enemy bullets ricocheted them. Some helped make life for the Yanks in that off a log protecting At the time South Pacific battle zone a little more struck his steel helmet. comfortable. Coast Guard Commander Dwight Dexter, in charge of naval operations ashore there, related upon his return to the United States how the Japs in theirhasteto fleebeforeAmerican troops, left large quantities of stores behind. Had the Japs had time to pack a few of their belongings, explained Commander Dexter,wewould have found the going even tougher than it was. And it WAS tough!When we gained a foothold behind their lines, we gatheredfor ourselves complete changes of clothing all for hands. Jap uniforms and laborers work clothes were in abundance in the clothing lockers, all new. The change did alot torefresh our men, gave This is another in the series of cartoon posters beingpreparedin them a chanceto get their own soiled National connection with the clothes washed and brightened their spirits no end. You can imagine the ServiceLife Insurance program.

tenant, in tow, picking out the right direction to swim by the position of the great dipper. It was the darkest night Ive ever seen. Suydam then told how he swam for 6 hours with the officer in tow before discovering that the officer had died. It was dawn by this time, .he continued. I couldsee land ahead, but it was still a good distance off. Twice during the day American Planes flew I fired over, but missedseeingme. a pistol I had taken withme, but they couldnt hear it, and I threw it awayit was too heavy. All that day and well intothe next night Suydam managed to keep afloat. Finally, 23 hours after leaping from his ship, he staggered ashore, his body a mass of blisters from third-degree sunburn. Crawling upon the beach he slept till dawn. Said he: I was awakened by the sun and figured my location to be the northwest tip of Guadalcanal. I started to walk east along the beach,but the coral was too rough on my bare feet and I made my way through the jungle. It was about 20 miles to the American lines, but I made it by dusk. Although I was in enemy territory y during most of m walk, I didnt see a single Jap.

way the wisecracks wereflying around when the boys climbed into enemy clothing. The Japs not only favored us with new clothing, but left behind an abundance of rice which was ours for the taking, Commander Dexter continued. When our land batteries had been established, our supply ships shoved off to more get materials. Theyweregone for 2 weeks,longer than was expected and we found ourselves in a tight spot as far as was food

concerned. So, when we took over the Jap territory and found the large stores of rice, we made that our regular food-threemeals of rice a day. Though it kept the men nourished, it did become monotonous after a while so it was quite a relief when the sup~ l ship poked its nose around the cove y to drop anchor. It was a thrill while it lasted, but when the landing boats brought the supplies ashore, we found the main food supply consisted ofRICE!

Barney Ross Wins Fight of His Life

Ex-boxing champ gets gray hair, 22 Jap scalps, malaria on Guadalcanal
he was suffering his first attack of malaria. In good spirits, Corporal Ross reported his condition as pretty fair. This is paradise, he declared. We evenhave sheetshere. Out there we went 15 days without a bath and without having our socks off. Fingeringsmall, patches of hair above hisears,hesaid: See that gray in my hair? I got that overnight. For 10 days I had a complete loss of memory from the pounding of the mortars. I couldnt even remembermy name. I imagine it was like being knocked out. Barney had to say imagine, for he never was knocked out during 79 professional bouts.

Loneliest Watch in the Pacific?

With the United States Marine
Corps, Somewhere in the Southwest

Pacific.-Atop the jagged steeps of a pin-point island jutting solitarily from the depths of the Pacific, five young marines alertly stand from sun to sun onwhat is perhapsone of the loneliest duties of the war. Their home is a shallow cave, the work of nature, just a hop and a skip from the sea, andtheir mostconsistent communication withthe world is a blinker signal. On this island, which can be measured-inyardsandnot miles, they have themselves as their only companions. With only the barest essentials of civilization and warfare, the marines maintain an alert watchextending far out over the glassy surface of the Pacific.

Page 33

Navy Sets Up .Education Centers

These and Correspondence Courses Offer. WorkatCollegeLevel

N their spare time, naval personnel

can now continue their cducation and prepare for post-war jobs. Educational service centers, providing voluntary instruction in highschool and college subjectsformen and women of the Navy, are being established a t all outlying stations and bases andat alltrainingstations, medical centers,. and naval districts within the continental limits, following the success of an experimental center set up several months ago a t an outlying base. The program is an outgrowth of a study made during the early part of 1942 of the possibility of additional in-service training in certain outlying stations and bases. The study was made by a group of officers appointed by the Chief of Naval Personnel. Following this the experimental center was established with an experienced teacher in charge and materials which included library a of a -library of language recordings, training Alms, text books on mathematics, physics, English, history, geography, and newsmaps, booklets, and other orientation aids. Although no extensive efforts were made topublicize the program locally, it was an immediate success. The instructor opened classes in the base schoolhouse, formerly used for the children of Navy families, and officers and men from the base aided as teachers. Men from the artificer branches flocked to the more liberal studies while personnel of the seamen branches asked for mathematics,blue print. reading, and slide-rule instruction. At the end of the flrst 6 months more than 500 men were enrolled and were attending the voluntary classes. URPOSE of the program is fourfold: To make available an opportunityfor moreuseful expenditure of spare or thinking time,; to prepare men and women for a better place in civil life after the war is won; to provide additional exercise which will sharpen minds for better performance of the immediate task-that of win-

ments have been made to provide ning the war, and to carry out the desire expressed by President Roose- some 70 courses at high-school level extension velt when he announced the 18- and and about 700 college 19-year draft law. At that time, the courses. A catalog of these courses has been made available to all PerPresident stated: sonnel of the armed forces. I am causing to be made a study This phase of the program is being by a committee of educatorsunder widely accepted and is particularly auspices of the Warand Navy De- popular with men on shipboard. Anpartments, for the taking of steps to swers to questions on these correenable the young men whose educaspondence courses are being handled tion has been interrupted to resume by V-mail for men overseas. A t many their schooling andto afford equal stations orientation courses are being opportunity for the training and edu- conducted with the Weekly Newscation of other young men of ability map and other available materials as after their services in armed the a guide. OR those men. and women who forces .has come to an end. wish to return to formal educaOn stations where it is not feasible tion, tests are being prepared to establish voluntary educational service centers because of the small to enable educational institutions to number of men involved for the type evaluate the total educational expeof courses desired, correspondence or rience received during theterm of self-teaching courses are being made military service. This includes work available. accomplished as well as all phases of Appropriate records will The United States Army Forces In- education. stitute,established by the War De- be made available to interested partment at Madison, Wis., adminis- parties. this education ters this phase the program (INFOR- The tests to measure of MATION BULLETIN, February 1943, p. growth will be administered upon re41). Through the institute, arrange(Contimued om page 48)

Page 34

ECORATIONS,MEDALS AND RIBBONS'

A summaryoftheregulationsgoverningtheissuanceandwearingofawards nowdesignatedfornavalpersonnel
intrepidity at the risk of his life above the past months of the Legion and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to of Merit, the Silver Star Medal, the Navy andMarine Corps m it s sei o n . h Medal, the Air Medal, the Purple Awarded for combat or noncombat Heart Medal, thePresidential Unit action. Citation, three the area campaign medals, and the Medal for Merit (for TIMELIMITSfor civilians), the Navy Department has recommendations "_ W completed the series of decorations or awards: Must be and medals believed required for the MEDAL OF issued within 5 duracion of the war, andit is not conyears of date of templated thatthere will be other [Width of a c t u a 1 distinguished act, Medal: 2 inches1 or recommended awards of this type established until the end of that period. within 3 years of act orservice. Three of the new-awards represent GRATUITY:, per month from date $2 departuresfrompastprocedurereof distinguished a c t t o enlisted men garding types and usage. The Legion only. of Merit is awarded in four different AUTHORIZED Act of December 21, BY: degrees; the medals for the four de- 1861; act of March 3, 1901; act Of grees are not altogether the same and March 3,1915; act of February 4,1919; are worn in different ways, depending and act of August 7, 1942, which suupon the degree. The Presidential persedes previous acts. Unit Citation is awarded to units of (NOTE: UnderPublic Act NO. 56, the Navy, and a ribbon is to be worn approved April 27, 1916, there was by members of those units. The three area campaign medals are designed to indicate active duty in all of the theaters of global war, with bronze stars to beworn to indicate specific engagements, thusmaking unnecesT h e Commander in Chief, sary different ribbons for each sepUnited States Fleet; the Comarate campaign. mander in Chief, Pacific Fleet; The summary on the following the Commander in Chief, Atpages has been preparedto give in lantic and Fleet; the Combrief the specific regulations regardmander, SouthwestPacific Force ing the decorations and medals have beendelegated authority awarded to naval personnel, and inby the Secretary of the Navy cludes the new awards as well as the to awardthe Navy Cross, the Legion of Merit in the degrees old. , Duringtime of war,according to of Officer and Legionnaire, SilUniform Regulations, only the ribbon ver Star, Distinguished Flying Cross,Navy and Marine Corps bars of the decorations and medals Medal, Air Medal, and Purple are to be worn, even for full-dress occasion. For that reason the color Heart. plate on pages 38 and 39 shows only Commanders in Chief of fleets may delegate their authority to the ribbons. make these awardsto task force MEDAL O HONOR F commanders for designated limAWARDED Any person who, while TO: ited periods, when lack of adeinthe naval service of the United quate communications may preStates, shall, in action involving acvent awards being made within tual combat with the enemy, or in the a reasonable time. line of his profession, distinguish himself, conspicuously by gallantryand
I H the establishment during T

established a "Medal of Honor Roll," which provides, upon proper certification, a special pension of $10, per month forlife to holders of the Medal of Honor who have attained the age of 65.)

No longer issued AWARDED Any person who, while TO:

inthenaval service of the United States, shall, in action involving actual conflict with the enemy distinguish himselfconspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without. detriment to the mission.Awarded for combat action
TIME LIMITS for recommendations or awards:Must beissued within 5 years from date of distinguished act, or recommended within 3 years of act or service. GRATUITY: per month from date $2 of distinguished act-to enlisted men only. AUTHORIZED BY: Act of February 4,

MEDAL O HONOR (1917-18) F

only.

DELEGATED AUTHORITY FOR AWARDS

1919.

NAVYCROSS

AWARDED Any person TO: serving in any capacity with the naval service of the United States who distinguishes h i m s e l f by extraordinary heroism in connection with m i l i t a r y operations against an armed enemy. Awarded for combat action only.

TIME LIMITS for recommendations or awards:

within 5 y e a r s [Width of a c t u a 1 fromdate of dis- Medal: 1% inches1 tinguished act, or recommended within 3 years of act or service. GRATUITY: per month from date $2 of distinguished act-to enlisted men only. AUTHORIZED Act of February 4, BY: 1919,and actof August 7,1942.

Puge 35
I

justify the award of Medal of Honor or Navy Cross. Also cases of persons, AWARDED Any person who, while previously submitted, recommended TO: serving in anycapacity with the Navy for Medal of Honor or Navy Cross or of the UnitedStates, since April 6, Distinguished Service Medal, and who 1917, has distinwere turned down, may be reconsidguished himself by ered,all cases to be considered on exceptionally merrecords now in Navy Department. itorious service to only. Awarded for combat action the Government in TIME LIMITS forrecommendations a duty of great reorawards:Must be issued within 5 sponsibility. Years from date of Awarded for comdistinguished act bat or noncombat of service, or be action. recommended T I M EL I M I T S within 3 years of :for: recommendaact or service, extions or awards: cept when awarded Must be i s s u e d in casespreviously within 5 y e a r s s u b m i t t e d and fromdate of dis- DISTINGUISHED turned down for SILVERSTAR tinguished service, SERVICE MEDAL MEDAL award of Medal of or recommended [Width of a c t u a 1 H 0 n 0 r, Distin[Width of a c t u a 1 within 3 years of Medal: 1% inches] guished S e r v i c e Medal : 1% inches] service. Medal, or Navy Cross. GRATUITY: per month from date $2 GRATUITY: per month from date $2 of distinguished act, for enlisted men of distinguished act, for enlisted men only. Retroonly; since December 6, 1941. AUTHORIZED BY: Act of February 4, active cases to be decided later. 1919, and act of August 7, 1942. AUTHORIZED BY: Act of August 7,

DISTINGUISHEDSERVICEMEDAL

NAVY AND MARINE CORPS MEDAL

AWARDED Any person who, while TO: serving in capacity any with the United States Navy or MBrine Corps, DESIGN OB including Reserves, shall have, since MEDAL NOT December 6, 1941, YET APPROVED distinguished himself or herself by heroism not involving actual conflict with an enemy, or to any person to whom the Secretary of the Navy has formerly awarded a letter of commendation for heroism, regardless of date, subjectto approval of the Board of Decorations and Medals. Awarded for noncombataction
only.

LEGION O MERIT F
AWARDED Personnel of the armed TO:

1942.

TIME LIMITS forrecommendations or awards: Must be issued within 5 years from date of distinguished act or service, or be recommended within 3 years of act or service, except when awarded in lieu of a letter of commendation previously awarded for heroism. GRATUITY: pay far services prior No to December 7, 1941. $2 per month from date of distinguished act, after December 7, 1941. AUTHORIZED BY: Act Of August 7.
1942.

DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS

AIR MEDAL

forces of the United States and the PMlippines; and personnel of the armed forces of friendly f o r e i g n nations who, since September 8, 1939, shall distinhave guished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conLEGION OF duct in the perMERIT formance of outDEGREE OR CRIEIi standing services. COMMANDER Awarded in four [Width of a a differen$ degreesMedal : 2 % inches ] Chief Commander, Commander, Omcer, and Legionnaire. Awarded for combat or noncombat action. TIME LIMITS forrecommendations or awards: No time limit. GRATUITY: gratuity provided. No AUTHORIZED Act Of July 20, 1942, BY: and Executive Order No. 9260 of October 29, 1942.

SILVER MEDAL STAR

AWARDED Any person who, while TO: serving in anycapacity with the Navy of the United States, since December 6, 1941, has distinguished himself conspicuously by gallantry andintrepidityinaction,not smcient to

AWARDED Any Person who, while TO: Navy, Marine serving. with Army, serving in any capacity with the Air Corps, Coast or Corps of the Army, National Guard, G u a r d of t h e and Organized ReUnited States, in serves, with or any capacity, subUnited St a t e s sequent to SepNavy, Marine tember 8,1939,disCorps, or Coast tinguishes himself Guard, subsequent by meritorious to April 6, 1917, has achievement while distinguished himparticipating in an self by heroismor AIR MEDAL a e r i a f l i g h t . l DISTINGUISHED e xt r a o r d i n ary Awarded for comachievement while [Width Of a C t U a 1 bat or nmmbat [Width of a c t u a 1 participating Medal : 146 inches] in action. Medal : I+& inches] aerial flight. TIMELIMITS forrecommendations naval, or air or awards: No time limit. Members of military, forces of foreign Governments while GRATUITY: pay authorized. No also serving with the United States are AUTHORIZED BY: Executive Order eligible. Awarded for combat or non- No. 9158 of May 11, 1942,and General combat action. Order No. 175 of June 27, 1942. TIME LIMITS forrecommendations or awards:Must be issued within 3 SPECIALLY MERITORIOUS MEDAL years from date of distinguished act WAR WITH SPAIN or service, or recommended within 2 No longerissued years from date of act or service. GRATUITY: per month from date $2 A W A R D E DTO: of distinguished act or service, for enOfficers and menof listed men only. AUTHORIZED BY: Act of July 2, 1926, the Navy and MarExecutive Order No. 4576 of January ine Corps who ren28,1927,and Executive Order No. 7786 dered s p e c i a l l y [Width of a c t u a 1 of January 8, 1938. meritorious service Medal: l& inches]
~~

AWARDED Any person who, while TO:

Page 36

other than in battle, during the War with Spain. Awarded for noncombat action only. TIME LIMITS forrecommendations or awards: No time limit. GRATUITY: gratuity provided. No AUTHORIZEDBY: Act of March 3,
1901.

RELATIVE STANDING O DIFFERENT AWARDS F

showing order i n which their ribbons are to be worn
DE'CORATIONS
1. Medal o f Honor. 2. Medal of Honor(l917-18)(by law no longer
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. authorized for award). Marine Corps Brevet Medal. Navy Cross. DistinguishedService Medal. S i l v e r S t a r Medal. DistinguishedFlyingCross. Navy and MarineCorps Medal. Air Medal. S p e c i a l l yM e r i t o r i o u s Medal (no longer awarded. Purple Heart Medal. Presidential Unit Citation. l e g i o no fM e r i t (relative standing of different degreeswith otherdecorations pending). Thefourdegrees are: (1) Degree of chief commander. (2) Degree o f commander. (3) Degree of officer. (4) Degree o f legionnaire.

PURPLE HEART MEDAL

AWARDED Persons wounded in TO:

enemy of the States, whileserving with the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast G u a r d of the United States, or asa result of act of such enemy, if wound necessitated treatment by medPURPLE HEART ical officer.AwardIKidth of a c t u a 1 ed for combat acMedal: 1% inches] tion TIMELIMITS forrecommendations or awards: No time limit. GRATUITY: gratuity provided. No AUTHORIZED Executive BY: Order No. 9277 of December 3 , 1 9 4 2 , and General Order No. 186 of January 2 1 ,
Un ite d
1943.

action against the

8. 9. 10.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9, 10. 11. 12.

11. 12.

Spanish campaign. Philippine campaign. China ReliefExpedition. Cuban Pacification. Nicaraguan campaign, 1 9 1 2 . Mexican service. Haitian campaign, 1915. Dominican campaign. Victory Medal. Army of Occupation o f Germany Medal (1918-23). 13. Haitian campaign, 1919-20. 14. Second Nicaraguan campaign. 15.Yangtzeservice. 16. China service. 17. American defenseservice. 1 8 . Area Campaign Medals(worninorder as earned, but in their seniority as regards other medals and ribbons). (a) AmericanArea. (b) European-Africa-Middle E a s t Area. (c) Asiatic-Pacific Area.

LIFESAVINGMEDALS
1. Gold lifesaving medal (Awarded by
the Treasury Department). 2. Silverlifesaving medal (Awarded by the Treasury Department).

MISCELLANEOUS MEDALS
1. Good-Conduct Medal (Navy, Marine Corps,
or Coast Guard). 2. Bailey Medal. 3. Naval Reserve Medal (or Marine Corps Reserve). 4. Medal for Merit (for civilians only).

PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION

AWARDED TO: Any ship, aircraft or naval units, any Marine aircraft detachment or higher for unit, outstanding performance in action on or after October 1 6 , 1941. Any Person attached to a unit on one of the two or more occasions in connection with which a Presidential Citation Unit was awarded shall wear the citation ribbon with one %-inchblue star permanently, regardless of stationassignment. Personnel attached to the unit on two or more of the occasions in connection with which the citation was awarded shall wear the citation ribbon with two such blue starsto denote two citations and an additional star up to a total of five stars to denote additional each citation, such insignia to wornpermanently, be regardless of station assignment. Personnel who subsequently join a unit which has been cited on two or moreoccasions shall wear the plain citation ribbon without star and only while attached to that unit. Awarded for combat action only. WHEREWORN: When medals are worn on the uniform,thisinsignia willbeworn on the right breast of the uniform. citation The ribbon shall be worn on the left breast be-

COMMEMORATIVE MEDALS
1. Medal commemorating B a t t l e o f ManilaBay

GUNNERY MEDALS
1. A d m i r a lT r e n c h a r ds e c t i o n
Medal. 2.KnoxGun-Pointer Medal.
I

2.
3.

4.

5.

(Dewey Medal). Medal commemorating engagements naval in the West lndies (Sampson Medal). NC-4 Medal commemorating the first transatlantic flight of the U. S. flying boat in May, 1919. Medal commemorating theByrdAntarctic Expedition of 1928-30. Medal commemorating the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition o f 1 9 3 3 - 3 5 .

Navy league

SMALL-ARMS MEDALS AND BADGES

1. Navy Distinguished Marksman's Gold Badge,
o r Navy Distinguished Pistol Shot's Gold Badge. 2. Navy Expert Rifleman's Medal (or Coast Guard). 3. Navy Expert Pistol Shot's Medal (orCoast Guard). (Note.-No other small-arms medals or badges are represented by ribbons.) ,.

SERVICE MEDALS
1. CivilWar. 2. E x p e d i t i o n a r yM e d a l
(Navy and Marine Corpg initial award,1874).

tween personal decoration ribbons and service medal ribbons. TIME LIMITS forrecommendations or awards: No time limit. GRATUITY: gratuity provided. No AUTHORIZED BY: Executive Order 9 0 5 0 , of February 6 ,1 9 4 2 , and GeneralOrder No. 1 8 7 , of February 3,
1943.

LIFE SAVING MEDALS

Awardedby the Treasury Department

GOLDLIFE-SAVING MEDALS may be awarded to those persons who, by ex-

treme and heroic daring, have endangered their lives in saving or endeavoring to save lives frorq the perils of the sea in waters overwhich the United States has jurisdiction, or upon American vessels. SILVER LIFE-SAVING MEDALS may be awarded to those persons who,in cases not sufficiently distinguished to deserve the gold medal, have endangered their lives in saving or endeavoring to save lives from the perils of the sea in waters over which the

Page 37

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United States has jurisdiction, o r upon American vessels. SERVICE REQUIRED: The saving of life or giving of succor does not in itself entitle a person to a medal. The medals can be given in only those instances in which exceptional bravery has beendisplayed or in which unusual effort or some great personal sacrifice has been made. The saving of persons from drowning in waters wholly within a State and not forming a part of the navigable waters of the United States or in small inland streams, ponds,pools, etc., does not entitle rescuer to medals. EVIDENCE REQUIRED: Satisfactory evidence of the services performed must be filed in each case. This evidence should be intheform of affidavits made by eyewitnesses ofgood repute and standing, testifying of their own knowledge. The opinion of witnesses that theperson for whom an award is sought imperiled his life or made signal exertions is not sufficient, but the affidavits must set forth in detail all facts andoccurrences tending to show clearly in what manner and to what extent life was risked or signal exertions made, so that the Department may judge for itself as to the degree of merit involved. The precise locality, whether withinthe waters over which the United States has jurisdiction or upon an American vessel, the date, time of day, nature of the weather, condition of the sea, the names of allpersonspresentwhen practicable, the names of all persons rendering assistance, and every pertinent circumstance should be stated.
TO
WHOM
RECOMMENDATIONS

are listed in change 13 of part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925. (Act of June 3, 1898.)
MEDAL COMMEMORATING NAVAL ENGAGEMENTSIN THE WEST INDIES (SAMPSON MEDAL)

CIVIL MEDAL WAR

This medal is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy who served in the Navy during the Civil War, between April 15, 1861, April 9, 1865. and
EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL (Navy and Marine Corps, initial award 1874)

AD-

DRESSED:

Recommendations for lifesaving medals to be awardedunder the provisions of these regulationswill be addressed to the Secretary of the Navy,will who take appropriate measures to cause their transmission to the Secretary of the Treasury. Recommendations and affidavits to be submitted induplicate; the original to be forwarded by the Navy Department to the Secretary of the Treasury, and copy to be retained for the Navy Department files.

The medal will be awarded to the officers and enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps who shall have actually landed on foreign territory and engaged in operations against armed opposition, or operated under circumstanceswhich,after fullconsideration, shall be deemed to merit special 3, 1901.) recognition and for which service no MEDAL COMMEMORATING THE FIRSTTRANS- campaign medal has been awarded. ATLANTIC FLIGHT IN THE U. S. NAVAL No person in the Navy or Marine FLYING BOAT "NC-4" IN MAY 1919 Corps service is entitled to more than one Expeditionary Medal (either This medal is issued to members of Corps). ParticipaNavy or Marine the NC-4 for the extraordinary tion in more than one expedition will achievement in making the first sucbe recognized by the issue of bronze cessful transatlantic flight in the stars (one star for each expedition in United States naval flying boat NC-4 excess of one), tobe worn on the ribin May 1919. (Act of Feb. 9, 1929.) bon of the Expeditionary Medal. A l l officers and men of the Navy and MEDAL COMMEMORATING THE BYRD Marine Corps who, under the aboveANTARCTIC EXPEDITION OF 1928-30 mentioned conditions took part in the This medal is issued to the officers operations listed in change 13,part A, and men of the Byrd Antarctic expe- chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Perdition to express the high admiration sonnelManual of 1925, between the in which the Congress and theAmeri- dates designated, maysubmit to the can people hold their heroic and un- Chief of Naval Personnel or the Comdaunted services in connection with mandant, United States Marine Corps, the scientific investigations and ex- respectively, through official channels, traordinary aerial explorations of the applications for the above medal. Antarctic Continent. (Act of May 23, The applicationsshouldinclude the 1930.) names and dates of the expeditions and a statement to the effect that the MEDALCOMMEMORATINGTHE SECOND BYRD applicant actually served ashore as a ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION OF 1933-1935 member of a landing party during the This medal is issued to the deserv- period for which the medalis claimed. ing personnelof the Second Byrd AntThe medal may be awarded to arctic Expedition that spent the win- officers and enlisted men whohave ternight a t Little America or who become separated from the service commanded either one of the expedi- under honorable conditions. tion ships throughout the expedition, to express the high admiration in SPANISH CAMPAIGN MEDAL which the Congress and theAmerican This medal is issued to all persons people hold their heroic and unservice between daunted accomplishments for science, who werein the naval April 20. 1898, December 10, 1898. and unequaled in the history of polar exploration. (Act of June 2, 1936.)
PHILIPPINE CAMPAIGN MEDAL

This medal is issued to officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who participatedin the navaland otherengagements in the waters of the West Indies and on the shores of Cuba during the War with Spain, deemed by the Secretary of the Navy to be of sufficient importance to deserve commemoration. (Act of March

COMMEMORATIVEMEDALS
MEDAL COMMEMORATING THEBATrLE MANILA BAY (DEWEY MEDAL)

O F

SERVICE MEDALS
NOTE: Even though change 13,part A, chapter 1,of the Bureau of Navigation Manual of 1925 (now the Bureau

This medal is issued to the officers and men of the ships of the Asiatic Squadron of the United States under the command of Commodore George Dewey on May 1, 1898. These ships

of Naval Personnel Manual) referred to below, is being revised, there will be little or no change the names the in of vessels and dates listed.

This medal is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy who served in the Navy in Philippine waters and were attachedto one of the vessels listed in change 13,part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925, between the dates designated.

Page 40

~~

CHINA RELIEF EXPEDITION (1900-1901)

VICTORY MEDAL (WorldWar

ARMY

OF OCCUPATION OF GERMANYMEDAL
(1916-23)

This medal is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy who served in the Navy in Chinese waters and were attached to one of the vessels listed in change 13,part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925, between the dates designated.
CUBAN ~ACIFICATION MEDAL

Service Medal)

This medal is issued to all officers nnd enlisted men of the Navy or who have been in the Navy and who served ashore in Cubabetween the and dates of September 12, 1906, April 1, 1909,or who were attached to any one of the vessels listed in change 13, part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925, between the dates designated.
NICARAGUAN CAMPAIGN
MEDAL (1912)

This medal is issued to officers and enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps who served in Nicaragua or on board any o f the vessels listed in change 13, part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925, between thedates of July 29, 1912,and November 14,1912.
MEXICAN SERVICE MEDAL

This medal is issued to all officers and enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps who served on shore a t Vera Cruz fromApril 21, 1914,April to 23, 1914, inclusive, or on board any of the vessels listed in change 13, part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925,between the dates designated.
HAITIAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL (1915)

This medal is issued to any officer or enlisted man of the Navy or Marine Corps who served in Haiti during the period of July 9 to December 6, 1915, or any part of such period; also officers and enlisted men who were attached to vessels listed in change 13, part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925, between the datesdesignated.
DOMINICAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL

This medal is issued to commemorate the services performed by the personnel of the Navy and Marine Corps during the operations in Santo Doming0 from May 5 to December 4, 1916; also the officers and enlisted men who were attached to thevessels listed in change 13,part A, chapter l,, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925, between the dates designated.

The act of November 21, 1941, proThis medal is issued to all persons in the naval service. whoserved on vides: That the Secretary of War is to active duty between April 6, 1917,and hereby authorized and directed proor November 11,1918, who entered the cure andissue an Army of Occupation naval service on or after November of Germany Medal of appropriate deappurte12, 1918, prior to March 30, 19208, sign, including suitable and and served not less than 10 days on nances, tobe issued to each officer and shore in northernRussia or Siberia or enlisted man of the armed forces, or who were attached to one of the fol- to the nearestof kin surviving of those lowing vessels: Albany, Brooklyn, Des deceased, who served in Germany or Moines, Eagle No. , Eagle No.2, Eagle Austria-Hungary during the period of 1 occupation a t any t i h e during the inNo. 3: New Orleans, Sacramento, clusive period from November 12,1918, South Dakota, or Yankton. to July 11, 1923: Provided, That such A service clasp with the duty inscribed thereon,to be worn on the medalsandappurtenancesshallnot ribbon of the medal, will be author- beissued in caseswhere the person during or subsequent to such ized for each person who performed has, any of the dutiesdesignated in change service, been dismissed or discharged other than honorably from the serv13,part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of ice, or deserted. Naval Personnel Manual of 1925. Qualification for the Army of OcPersonnel of the Navy and Marine cupation of Germany Medal is service Corps who sailed from the United States prior to November 11, 1918, en ashore in Germany or Austria-Hunand route to France, England, or Italy, re- gary between November 12, 1918, gardless of the date of arrival in that July 11,1923. A member of the naval on country, orthe fact that they returnedservice attached to and serving to the United States without disem- boarda vessel of the United States barking, are eligible for the service Navy in a portof Germany or AustriaHungary is not entitled to this medal clasp of that country. unless he was detached from the ship A bronze star,three-sixteenths of by an inch in diameter, will be placed on for temporary duty ashore competent authority. the service ribbon in lieu of clasp auThismedal will not be issued for thorized. When any person has been the duration. commended as the result of the recommendation of the board of awards HAITIAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL (1919-20) by the Secretary of the Navy for perThis medal be will issued tothe formance of duty not justifying the officers and men of the Navy and award of a Medal of Honor, a Distin- Marine Corps who participated in the guished Service Medal, or a Navy operations in Haiti fromApril 1, 1919, Cross, he shall wear a silver star for toJune 15, 1920, any officer or and each such citation. enlisted man of the Navy or Marine A bronzeMaltese cross, three-six- Corps who served in Haiti during this teenths of an inch in diameter, will be period, or part of such period, is enplaced on the service ribbon for those titled to this medal, as are also the officers and men of the Marine Corps officers and enlisted menwho were and Medical Corps, United States attached to the vessels listed in Navy, who wereattached to the Amer- change 13, part A, chapter 1, of the ican Expeditionary Forces in France Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of dates designated. and 1925, between the any time betweenApril 6, 1917, and who are not November 11, 1918, SECOND NICARAGUAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL entitled to any battle clasp provided for by General Order No. 83,War DeThis medal is issued to commemopartment, June30, 1919. ratethe services performed by the The clasps forthe VictoryMedal personnel of the Navy and Marine designated in the second paragraph Corps during the operations in Nicafor service on ships will be awarded as ragua betweenAugust 27, 1926; and shown in list of vessels givenin change January 2, 1933. 13,part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of The award will be made to the offiNaval Personnel Manual of 1925. cers and enlisted men of the Navy and Service onanyship listed, between Marine Corps who served on shore in thelimitingdates given, will entitle Nicaragua between thedatesmentioned, and to the officers and enlisted a person to the clasp designated.

Page 41

men who wereattached to and serving on board the vessels mentioned in change 13, part A, chapter 1, of. the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925, between the dates designated.
YANGTZE SERVICE MEDAL

MAP OF AREA CAMPAIGN MEDAL

THEATERS

This medal is issued to commemoratethe services performed by the personnel of the Navy andMarine Corps who served on shore a t Shanghai or in the valley of the Yangtze River in alanding force during the periods, or part of such periods, between September 3, 1926, and October 21, 1927; and from March 1, 1930, to December 31,1932; and also by .the officers and enlisted men whowere attached to the vessels listed in change 13, part A, chapter 1, of the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual of 1925,between the dates designated.

Naval Reserve personnel on training under duty orders have must This medal is issued to commemo- served a t least 10 days in such duty. ratethe services performed by the Persons ordered to active for duty personnel of the Navy and Marine physical examination and subseCorps during operations China from quently disqualified are not entitled in July 7, 1937,to September 7,1939. The to this award. Reserve officers oraward will be made to the officers and dered to ships of the fleet for trainenlisted menwho participated in these ing duty (cruise) and officers serving operations and tothe officers and en- on board shipsfortemporaryaddilisted menserving on board the vessels tionaldutyfromshorestations are mentioned in General Order No.176, not considered regularly attached dated July 1, 1942. and are not entitled to the fleet clasp. Duty in Alaska is considered outAMERICAN DEFENSE SERVICE MEDAL side the continental limits of the The AmericanDefense S e r v i c e United States. Except as set forth in the above, no Medal will be awarded to all persons in the naval service whoserved on length of active duty performed duractive duty between September 8, ing the period September 8, 1939, and 1939, and December 7,1941, both dates December 7, 1941, has been stipulated to qualify anyperson inthe naval inclusive. service for this award. A service clasp, Fleet orBase, Themedal is providedbyExecuis authorized to be worn on the ribbon of the medal by each person who per- tive Order No. 9908, of June 28, 1941, formed duties as set forth below. No and General Order No. 172, of April person is. entitled to more than one 20, 1942. This medal will not be issued for such clasp. the duration. (a) Fleet.-For service on the high seas while regularly attached to any AREA CAMPAIGN MEDALS vessel or aircraft squadron of the AtAmerican, European-African-Middle Eastern, and lantic, Pacific, or Asiatic Fleets;to Asiatic-Pacificcampaign medals include vessels of the Naval TransporAwarded to members of the land tation Service and vessels operating directly under the Chief of Naval and naval forces of the United States, including the Womens * Reserve of Operations. (b) Base.-For service on shore at the United States Naval Reserve, and Army bases and naval stations outside the to members of the Womens continental limits of the United Auxiliary Corps who, during any Pe7, 1941, inriod between December States. clusive, and a date 6 months subseA bronze star,three-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, will be worn on quent to the termination of the preshave served outside the the service ribbon in lieu of any ent war, shall continental limits of the United clasp authorized.
CHINA SERVICE MEDAL

States in any of the respective areas name of the as indicated by the medals. For the purposes of this order, the Territory of Alaska shall be considered as outside the continental limits of the United States. The geographical definitions of the respective areasare defined as follows :
AmericanArea

EAST BOUNDARY: From North the Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitudeto the 77th parallel north thence latitude, southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude andthe 35th meridian west longitude, thence south along that meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thencesoutheasttotheintersection of the Equator and the20th meridian west longitude, thence along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole. WEST BOUNDARY: FromtheNorth Pole, south along the 141st meridian west longitude to the east boundary of Alaska, thencesouthandsoutheast along the Alaska boundary to the Pacific Ocean, thence south along the 130th meridian toits intersection with the 30th parallel north latitude, thence southwest to the intersection of the Equator and the 100th meridian west longitude, thence south along the 100th meridian west longitude to the South Pole.
European-African-MiddleEasternArea

..

EAST BOUNDARY: From the North Pole, south along the 60th meridian
I

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entered in service record), and with a shall not become eligible for award of final average of 3.5 in proficiency in a Naval Reserve Medal until they report for active duty. rating,are eligible to receivegoodApplication for the medal shall be conduct awards for service terminating onor after July1, 1931,as follows: submitted via the applicant's com( a ) For first enlistment or minority manding officer. The application,in enlistment, and if extended for 2 letter form, must state the period or which the years, the last 4 years in lieu thereof, periods of service upon first application forthe medal andthe may be considered, provided authority to wear the bronze star (if period of service would have termi: entitled) is based. nated with an honorable discharge. Asiatic-Pacific Area The commanding officer shall state (b) For second orsubsequentenEAST BOUNDARY: CQincident with listment or extensions of 3 or 4 years. in his f o r w a r d i n g endorsement the west boundary of the American ( c ) For a total of 4 years served whether or not the applicant's service has been honorable in his present asarea. in extensions of an enlistment. ( d ) In a 6-year enlistment, for first signment. WEST BOUNDARY: Coincident with Present holdersof the Naval Reserve the east boundary of the European- 3 years and also for remaining period of the enlistment, provided enlistment Medal are authorized to wear bronze African-Middle Eastern area. which entitled, without speciNo person who is en route ina pas- terminates with an honorable dis- stars, to charge. Service in extensions of 1 fic authorization. senger status or on a tour of inspec(BuPers. Manual Circular Letter No. or 2 years (except as indicated in ( a ) tion shall be eligible by such status 19-42, dated September 26, 1942) and ( e ) above) or for enlistments alone for a n appropriatecampaign medal unless while in either status he terminated prior to expiration (except MEDAL FOR MERIT or she is involved in combat with the whendischarged for convenience of This medal maybe awarded to such enemy which is later designated as a the Government within 3 months of expiration of enlistment) will not be civilians of the nations prosecuting recognized campaign or engagement. Appropriate clasps will be author- considered for good-conduct awards. the war underthe joint declaration of Good-conduct pins will be worn on the United Nations and of other ized from time to time indicating friendly foreign nationsas have, since actual combat service in the several the ribbon of the medal. the proclamation of an emergency by ' Bronze stars will be worn on the ribcampaigns or engagements the war. of Campaigns engagements or consid- bon for each additional good-conduct the President on September 8, 1939, distinguished themselves by excepered to be worthy of such commem- bar. For service terminating prior to tionallymeritoriousconduct inthe oration will be designated by the comgood-conduct awards will performance of outstanding services: mander in chief, United States Fleet, July 1,1931, be made in accordance with the re- Provided, That awards to civilians of and the Chief of Naval Operations. Pending issue of the medals, the quirements as to marks and recom- foreign nations shall be only for the mendations in effect at the time of performance of an exceptionally merservice ribbons are authorizedtobe the period of service under consider- itorious or courageous act or acts in worn in lieuthereof.Forparticipation in each campaign or engagement ation and in accordance with service furtherance of the war efforts of the requirements as shown in the Bureau United Nations. This medal may be a for which a clasp is authorized, awarded by the President under such bronze star will be worn. For five or of NavalPersonnel Manual, Art. Arules and regulations as he shall pre1035. more campaignsorengagements,a scribe (act of July 20, 1942). BAILEY MEDAL silver star shallbe worn on the' ribbon in lieu of each five bronze stars. This medalwas instituted by the GUNNERY MEDALS The medal is provided for by Ekec- late Rear Admiral Theodorus Bailey (Discontinued for the duration) utive Order No. 9265, dated November for the purpose of inciting the appren6, 1942. tices of the United States Navy to EDWARD T R E ~ C H A R D MEDAL No medal will be issued for the greater effort in acquiring proficiency The medal is awarded annually on duration. in their duties. set of three turret July 1 to the pointers attaining the highest merit NAVAL RESERVE MEDAL MISCELLANEOUS MEDALS for turret guns a t short-range battle The NavalReserveMedal may be practice. GOOD-CONDUCT MEDALS awarded by the Chief of Naval PerKNOX GUN-POINTER MEDAL Good-conduct medals and pins will sonnel to any officer or enlisted man be issued by the Bureau of Naval Per- of the Naval Reserve who completes, The Knox gun-pointer medals are sonnel. A medal will be issued as the or has completed, 10 years' honorable awarded annually the Knox Trophy by first award to an individual and a pin service inthe NavalReserve,Naval Foundation to the setof gun pointers for eachsubsequentaward. An en- Reserve Force, National Naval Volun- making the highest merit for guns a t listed man shall not be deprived of a teers, or federally recognizedNaval short-range battle practice. good-conduct medal or pin except by Militia in an active-duty or inactiveconviction for an offense committed duty status; and for each additional SMALL ARMS MEDALS AND BADGES which a good- 10 years of such honorable service, a in a prior enlistment in NAVY DISTINGUISHED MARKSMAN'S bronze star may be worn on the conduct medal or pin had been prevGOLD BADGE ribbon. iously held to have been earned but Awarded to individuals who have In time of waror national emernot bestowed. Meri with clear records (no offense or qualifyingremarks gency, members of the Naval Reserve won three medals in either or both of east longitude to its intersection with theeastern border of Iran, thence south along that border to the Gulf of Oman and the intersection of the 60th meridian east longitude, thence southalong the 60th meridianeast longitude to theSouth Pole. WEST BOUNDARY: Coincident with of the American theeastboundary area.

Page 43

thenational rifle matches, or who have won two medals in the national rifle matches and a placemedal in either force or fleet rifle match.
NAVY DISTINGUISHED PISTOL SHOTS GOLD BADGE
(

Awarded for similar accomplishmentsas above in equivalent pistol matches.

NAVY EXPERT RIFLEMANS MEDAL

Awarded for attaining qualification as expert with either the rifle or carbine in prescribed courses.
NAVY EXPERT PISTOL SHOTS MEDAL

and is recommended therefor by his commanding officer, he may be awarded a good-conduct medal, or a good-conduct bar if he is in possession of a medal. An enlisted man discharged withabove markings, after not less than 2 years service in his enlistment, to accept an appointment inthe navalormilitary service is eligible for a good-conduct award. (The medal was inaugurated by Navy Department Special Order No. 49, dated July20, 1896.)

N a v y Classifying

Skills of Officers

Awarded for attaining qualification as expert with either the .45 caliber pistol or .38 caliber revolver in prescribed courses. (Nom.-Detailed regulations for the above four awards will be found in ch. 19 of the Landing Force Manual, as will regulations for the Fleet Rifllemans and Fleet Pistol Shots Badges, which do not have equivalent ribbons.)

MARINE CORPS AWARDS

(In Addition t o Navy Awards)

U. S. MARINE CORPS BREVET MEDAL

Awarded to the holder of a commissionissued by the President and for disconferred by the Senate tinguished service in the presence of the enemy. It was prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy on June 7,1921, and ranksimmediately after theCongressional Medal of Honor. Brevet commissions were conferred upon 23 Marine Corps officers in the Mexican War, Civil War, Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, and the Boxer hostilities of ,1900.
MARINE CORPS GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL

The manpower shortage and developing needs,for highly specialized personnel have resulted in the adoption by the Navy Department of an expanded system of classifying its officers. Thethousands of reserve officers who have been called to active duty have brought with them qualifications and skills representing almost every MARINE CORPS RESERVE SERVICE MEDAL known industry and profession. In To be eligible, one must attend with order that this talent may be utilized by the Navy to the fullest extent, the an organized unit of the reserve for Department is indexing detailed in14 days annual field training period formation concerning every qualifica4 consecutive years; eachyearfor must attend at least 38 drills yearly tion of officers. All officers of and for 4 consecutive years, and in the under the rank of commander have case of officers, must have received no been asked to list all special skills. unsatisfactoryfitnessreports,or,in With theadoption of this classificathe case of enlisted men,must be tion system, which is expected to be awarded a final average service record in full operation within 60 days, the marking of 4.5 or over upondischarge. Navy will be able to spot almost im(The medal was authorized by the mediately the best qualified officer for Secretary of the Navy onFebruary any specialized duty. Not will only 19, 1939.) the talentsof naval personnel be used to best advantage in this manner, but COAST GUARD AWARDS the demands of the Navy on civilian (In Addition t o Navy Awards) specialists willbe eased to someextent. The three medals worn only by Coast Guard personnel-the goodconduct, rifle shotand pistol shot medals-areawarded on exactly the What To Do? same basis to Coast Guard personnel as their equivalent m e d a l s are I am just an humble sailor, awarded to personnel of the United Round begirt by rocks and States Navy and Naval Reserve. shoals,

FOREIGN DECORATIONS
The Act of July 20, 1942, provides: That officers and enlisted men of the armedforces of the United States be, and they are hereby,authorized during the present war and fora year thereafterto accept from the governments of cobelligerent nations or the .other American republics such decorations, orders, medals, and emblems, as may be tendered them, and which are conferred by such governments upon members of their own military forces, hereby expressly granting the consent of Congress required for this purpose by clause 8 of section 9, article I, of the Constisuch tution: Provided, That any officer ur enlisted man is hereby authorizedto accept and wear any decoration, order, medal, or emblem heretofore bestowed upon such person by the government of a cobelligerent nation or of any American republic.

Bound by rules and regulations, Duty lists and muster rolls.

When Im stuck by any problem, I have onlygotto look, And I know Ill find the answer In that little blue-bound book.
It tells me what I ought to do

When a man is discharged upon the expiration of his first enlistment with a final average marking of 4.6 or over in obedience and sobriety, and a final average markingof 4.0 or overin military efficiency, neatness and military bearing, and intelligence, and is recommended therefor by his commanding officer, he may be awarded a good-conduct medal. When a man is discharged, transferred to Fleet Marrine Corps Reserve, or retired, upon the expiration of a subsequent enlistment with a Anal average marking of 4.8 or over in obedience and sobriety, and a final average marking of 4.0 or over inmilitary efficiency; neatness and militarybearing, and intelligence,

In any circumstance, From the heat of bloodybattle To a casual romance. But I need another rule book now. I am bafled and bemused. I am up against a question That has got me all confused. What to d o - a n d .I cant find out Though Ive searched from near to farWhen a WAVE begins towaver O r a SPAR forgets to spar?

A. Baker, CSp., E.

in Chili News.

Page 44

down by night from the northern Solomons. The Japswere stepping up the pace. Bombers roared over Henderson Field (Colztilzued from page 5 ) in groups of 30, 40, 50, escorted by Zeros.American fightersshotthem changed direction too soon, and endown innumbers,but always more countered the flank of its own force came. Subs shelled nightly from the on the right bank. sea. There was little sleep. Obviously this was a softening up preThe attack thereupon developed paratory to another assault in force. into apowerful frontal assault against A few reinforcements had come, and the marines prepared line. The The Secolzd Phase all the men who could be spared from spearhead of the attack came across the occupied islands were drawn in. a-low sand spit on the extreme flank TheBattle of theTenaru River Heavy patrol clashes during the of the lines. Machine guns and rifles eliminated one Jap threat and proved night of September 12-13 indicated piled up their dead, but with fanatical the strength of the marines eastern tenacity the Japs kept coming. The flank, but if it did anything to dis- the enemy was moving into position for the next major bid. On the folfew who did get across ran up against couragethe enemy there were few lowing night it came-a powerful barbed wire, where marines finished signs tothat effect. TheJapanese thrust against the marines southern them off with grenades and bayonets. simply shifted their landings to the Daylight, after hours of bitter more inaccessible regions to the west. flank. The key position here was Lunga struggle, found the assault broken. Army planes arrived on August 22, Ridge. With this in Jap hands, all of The enemy had dug in on their side heralding further reinforcement from the airfield would become untenable. of the river and commenced to lob all threebranches of the serviceCol. Merritt Edson, commander in this over mortar shells and rifle grenades. bombers, torpedo planes, and fighters. sector, established his troops in posiWhile Marine artillery blasted On August 23 a large Jap convoy tion along the perimeterof a knoll bedown palm trees about their heads, a was reported driven off with damage, yond where a saddlecrossed the ridge. fast-movingcolumnmadeacircuibut probably not before a sizable body There he let the enemy come to him. tous marchinland to box them in of troops Come they did-along the ridge and supplies had been from the rear if possible. When this landed.Otherattempts, some suc- itself and boiling up out of the jungle column began to close in, four tanks cessful, were made on September 3 that flanks it. They came in waves, rolled across the spit sand and and 5. Smaller contingents drifted in masses, and in columns, shooting

Guadalcanal

wrought havoc in the Jap emplacement. The few Japs who attemptedto escape by plunging into the sea were picked off. How many actuallydid escape probably never willbeknown. First reports said 670 men in the detachment were killed. A subsequent survey raised the figure to more than800.

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

T H E PRICE WE PAID FOR GUADALCANAL: A view of the cemetery om the islalzd. Photo was made during a memorial service a Navy colzstructiolz worker. for

Page 45

Roman candles, setting off firecrackers, yammering in unison,Marine, you die! Marine, you die! There was bloodywork with grenade, knife, and bayonet wave after as wave surged into the marines Positions. So closewas the fighting the marines were unable to use their artillery for fear of hitting their own troops. The next day the Tokyo radio announced the Japanese thrown had 6,000 men against the ridge and had captured the airfield. But what dawn actually revealed was an utterly demoralized army in full flight. Artillery was poundingthe Japs and Planes from the airfield were swarming over them like angry hornets, bombing and strafing. Those 6,000, or whatever they really numbered, had ceased to exist as a fighting unit.

large convoy off Savo Island on the night of October 11-12 and in a hot 30-minute engagement sank a heavy cruiser, four destroyers, and a large transport.Theair forces, following up the next day, accounted as probables another cruiser and destroyer. The convoy was turned back with the loss on ourpart of one destroyer. An American convoy put in on October 13 with the flrst contingent of Army troops toreachGuadalcanal. These were promptly welcomed by the enemy with two aerial bombings and a stiff shelling from Jap ships offshore. The explosion of large shells was so violent and continuous the ground shook like an. earthquake. Still another large Jap convoy put troops and supplies ashore onOctober 15 under heavy air attack that damaged an enemy battleship and three transports. For the next few days The ThirdPhase our planes concentrated on the Jap The disastera t Lunga Ridge seemed shore installations and newly landed to have taught the Japs a lesson at supplies. Such surface craft as were available aided, and large fires were last. Apparently they set about to official U. S. Navy Photograph. The Jap surface force, in amass a force so overwhelming as to started. turn, resumed its shellings, and wave AMERICAN SOLDZER ON GUAcrush the beachhead by sheer weight DALCANAL: One of those to of numbers, meanwhile wearingdown after wave of bombers sought to criparrive at the Southwestern Pacific the defenders by ceaseless air and sea ple the airfield. outpost t o relieve Marines, a The land offensive began on Octoattacks. United States trooper totes equipFrom the outsetAmerican flyers ber 20 with light attacks intended to memt to his mew quarters. had displayed general superiority in feel out our positions along the Matacombat, whichhad resulted in heavier nikau.Thesecontinuedthroughout and strafing enemy grohnd forces, enemy losses. Now the proportionate the next 2 days, rising t o a climax of taking a heavy toll in enemy killed. losses began to mount to fantastic ex- full power against the marines westTwo additional attacks major tremes. In the period of September ern flankon thenight of October failed to gain headway, and October 25-28, 42 J a p planes were shot down 23-24, when four successive assaults 28 found the Japs badly in need of withouta single United States loss. were repulsed. Aircraft and artillery abreathing spell. They had lost 12 fol- tanks and approximately 2,000 men DuringOctober 369 of their planes squelched a fifth assault early the lowing morning. were destroyed. by count of bodies on the scene in that Still more Japs came. A convoy week. Doubtless their losses from Even thoughthe Americans now controlled the air over the island, en- that had been attacked from the air artillery and aircraft fire behind the lines were equally disastrous. emy landingscould not be checked al- the previous night landed a contin25, while those on But Guadalcanal dld not fall. The together. These increased in size and gentOctober sceneuncapped the Jap still hadstrong forces on the number as September turned intoOc- alreadyonthe coordinated land-sea-air island,butafter his successive detober.OnOctober 4 alarge enemy heaviest feats he could not keep the offensive convoy withstood almost constant at- attack yet seen. from passing to the Americans. The tackwithoutturning back. Further Besides assaulting again along the was exposed to severe landings were effected on nightof Matanikau, the Japanese lashed into enemy now the October 7-8. Jap troops died by the our southern flank, while their planes punishment from Army and Marine thousands the in sea and on the ranged over the field and their ships ground troops, while Army, Navy, atid beaches, but many got ashore. lay off Lunga Point and blasted away. Marineplanes bombed andstrafed him and helped Navy warships cut off Location of the landings indicated That night theJaps piercedour the bulk of hisreinforcementsand theJaps were preparingtoattack, southern lines but were promptly supplies. this time from the west. To counter thrown back by counterattack. a the threat the marines determined to Following a day and night of smaller The Fourth Phase push their western flank forward to scale thrusts, they again overran our OnNovember 1 the United States theMatanikau River. This was ac- advance positions, againto be re- forces suddenly took the offensive. complished in 2 days of intensive pulsed by prompt counterattack. Supported by Army Flying Fortresses, fighting, in which Army planes helped Having gained full control of the air, a column crossed the Matanikau and blaze the way. Ama%xn Planes were now aiding advanced some 2 miles. The Japanese A surface task force intercepted a Strongly in the defense by bombing fell back slowly. he next day the

Page 46

marinescaptured 20 machine guns and 2 artillery pieces. I n heavier actionon November 3 they killed 350 Japs added and 3 field Pieces, 12 thirty-seven mm. guns, and 30 machine guns to the captured list. Enemy counterattacks on the2 following nights were beaten off, after which the Americans advance continued. Apparently seeking to relieve pressureinthe west, theJaps landed troops a t Tetere, to the east of the American position, and a second contingent a t nearby Koli Point. Total strength of this force was estimated at some 1,500 soldiers. United of the States marines troops and UnitedStates Army promptlywent after the new arrivals. By November 6 they had driven the Japs beyond the MalimbiuRiver; and, stronglysupported from the air, they continued across the Metapono. By November 7 they were meeting only slight resistance. Thelanding force seemed to have vanished, leading to theconclusion that about half had been killed, while the remainder had fled into the bush. Few Jap prisoners were takenin this or any American offensive. While the slow advance continued on both flanks,a sizable United States surface force began bombarding Tassafaronga, silencingthe batteries and starting extensive fires. Thirty of seventy-five landing barges were destroyed and others damaged. It was clear by now that the Jap forces on Guadalcanal were incapable of resuming the offensive without reinforcements, and equally evident that they were determined to these get in. Aerial reconnaissance reported a growing concentration of transports in the northern Solomons-New Brit10 it was ain area. On November reported that alarge convoy was proceeding toward the scene of action under a strong navalescort. The spearheadof the enemy formation, includingtwo battleships, reach1ng the Guadalcanal area shortly after midnight on the morningNovember of 13,where it was furiously attacked by the United States task force on the scene. Our inflicted force severe damageandthrewthe enemy into confusion. our Throughout the day planes carried out incessant attacks against the damaged Jap ships. Late in the afternoon a columnof a t least 12 transPorts was reported approaching, and the flyers turnedtheirattentionto

thoroughly competent and effective enemy. His tactics and eduipment are designed for use in that most difficult of terrain, the jungle. He knows the jungle and knows how to use it to the best advantage. He is a ruthless andoftenfanatic foe. He gives noquarterandexpects none. He would rather die thansurrender . . but he can be beaten and has been beaten by men determined to win. But above all, there is the strategic value of Guadalcanalasa base for future operations. As an illustration of the effective30. ness of Henderson Field as base in On January 22, six important elethatarea,a compilation of enemy vations tothe west were captured. losses there between August 25, 1942, On January 25, two United States and January 1, 1943, showed that forces joined a t Kokumbona to effect Douglas Dauntless dive bombers incapture of that one-time Jap strong- flicted the following damage: hold. Day by day the advance conTwo destroyers sunk, 5 possibly 1 our forces tinued. February On sunk, 20 damaged. crossed the Bonegi River and proceedOne heavy cruiser sunk, one posed to close in,on Tassafaronga. And sibly sunk, three damaged. then, by February 6, a strong position One battleship of the Kongo class had been established at Titi, on the possibly sunk by four hits. northwest coastof Guadalcanal. Two troop - carrying destroyers Remaining enemy forces thus were sunk. cut into isolated groups-organized Eight cargo ships sunk, one possiresistance was shattered. bly sunk. Six transports sunk, three left burning and possibly sunk. Although not regarded as a match for fighter (United planes States fighters often escort and protect dive bombers), the dive bombers also destroyed 20 Zeros, 8 in the air and 12 (Continued from page25) on the ground. ment, furnished every evening after Most of the strategy employed in supper. the fighting on Guadalcanal was inPrisoners sit on the ground around congruous to known military facts and a raised platform, where they watch propositions. As a young Marine lieuwrestling exhibitions or listen to long tenant in charge of amachine-gun narrative songs by their own vocal- battery told a correspondent, war ists. You can throw away the whole book Eachprisonerisallotted five na- of regulations and start learning, all tive cigarettes daily but they would over again.

these the following morning with such good effect that 8 were sunk. The surviving ships, however, continued their course towardGuadalcanal, where reinforced surface units were shelling the American shore positions to cover the landing. .Duringthenightwhat developed into the greatest naval battle of the war to date was fought, with American forces finally routing the enemy. It has been estimated that the Japanese could not have lost fewer than 25,000men in these actions. The loss in shipswas equally serious. What few men and supplies may have been salvaged from the beached transports proved insufficient for the launching of any further attacks. This naval defeat, coupled with theirretreat before American land forces, left the Japs on Guadalcanal in desperate straits. From this point on, the fighting was a matter of patrols and mopping up, with occasional assaults on suchenemy strong points as were discovered. The Japs made one more serious attempt to land troops. Air reconnaissance detected the move, and a naval task force drove off the convoy with heavy losses on the nightof November

gladly trade them all for an American cigarette. Their taste things for American doesnt stopthere.Their K., and favorite expression is 0. their favorite tunes, American swing. Most popular number a t present is My Blue Heaven, usually sung in amannerwhich would torturethe composer if he could hear it.

t.

Solomons
(Continued from page 2)

Page 47

Disabled Navy Men To Get Jobs

Plan to facilitate employment is adopted by Bureau
PLAN to facilitate the employment of officers and men of the United States Navy may who be discharged from the service for physical disabilitiesincurredintheline of duty hasbeen adopted by the Bureau of Naval Personnel following negotiations various with manufacturing and industrial employers, and the United States Employment Service. Under the plan, responsibility for finding jobs or disabled Naval personnel will be assumed by the veteransemploymentrepresentatives of the United States Employment Service. Whenever possible, disabled personnel naval are afforded theopportunity of continuing in the service on shore duty where the duty will not aggravate their disability. However, the Navy will release disabled individuals for employment inprivateindustry if theindividual desires to terminatehis naval service. Prospective employers of disabled naval personnel may direct inquiries concerning, the hiringof registered and classified disabled officers and men of the Navy to the field representatives of the United States Employment Service. Commandants of naval districts have been directed to assist the United States Employment Service and its veterans employment representatives in making

Merchant Sailors Deliver The Goods

MERICAS 70,000 merchant sailors, suffering a casualty toll of nearly 4 percent of their number in the first year of war, have delivered the goods and shown patriotism, courage, and devotion to duty. Elmer Davis, director of the Office of WarInformation,madepublica report by Rear Admiral Emory S. Land, war shipping administrator.

(Continued from page 34) quest and results placed upon record. The tests for use at high-school level will consist of comprehensive objective examinations in each of five major fields of educational development: correctness and effectiveness of expression, ability to interpret reading materials in the social studies or in the natural sciences or in literature and generalmathematical ability. Similar but more difficult range of tests will be provided for the college level. For those returning to jobs in the civil life a n effort is being made to make available not only evaluation of work accomplished but of converting that work into corresponding work in civilian life. Thecentersbeingestablishedare Admiral Lands report shows that American seamen are loyal and effi- underdirection of the Educational cient, Davis said. Services Section of the Bureau of High points of Rear Admiral Lands Naval Personnels Training Division, report included: under which comes all voluntary, ex1 Merchant marine casualties tracurricular . training within the (dead and missing only) have totaled Navy not designed directly to reflect more than 3,200-3.8 percent of their in the war effort. Requests for matotal number in 1 year of war. Cas- terial and information should be adualties of the armed services in the dressed to thissection.

disabled naval personnel available for interviews. Veterans employment representatives, who maintain offices ineachState, have astheirprimaryfunction the supervision of the employment of veterans of the armed services. The plan for the employment of disabled Naval personnel origJ. inated through a letter from CadenJenkins,personnelmanager of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation,Burbank, Calif., in which he suggestedthat his company could use the services of disabled officers and men of the Navy. The Bureau of Naval Personnel wrote other aircraft manufacturersand received unanimous approval of the project. Since that time pledges of cooperation have been received from other industries. In addition.to assisting in the rehabilitation of disabled oficers andmen, the employmentplan gives them an important part to play in the war effort. The education and training of naval officers qualifies them tofill positions of responsibility. Enlisted personnel usually have had training a tradeand andexperiencein have attained ratings in such branches of the service as aviation metalsmith, radioman, quartermaster, signalman, carpenter, patternmaker, machinist, and many others.

same period amounted to less than 1 percent of their total number. 2 About three-fourths of the off. shore merchant seamen are always a t sea-in the front line. 3. Willingness of sailors tobrave bombs and torpedoes was shown recently when 100,000 persons responded to WSAs call for experienced seamen.. 4. Actual pay for the average able seaman or fireman, figuring inhis food and room averages around $57 a week-about what a second-class rigger earns ina shipyard. 5 . WSAs laborrelations division, which investigates all reports of infraction of discipline, found p:actically all such incidents occurred in port, and where the result of the continued strain underwhich seamenwork. 6. Despite an expected increase in enemy attacks on our merchant shipping, a greater percentage of survivals is expected in 1943 because of (1) more escort vessels, (2) better-armed ships, (3) more and improved safety devices, and (4) more experienced crews. More and better-equipped lifeboats are required undernew regulations just issued.

Education

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Fishing
(Contimued from paFe 1 1 ) Poisonous. Fish
When you catch fish near the shore, or when fishing from the land, watch outforthreekindswhich are poi6onous. One is aparrot fish, with large teeth like a parrot's beak. The others, porcupine fish and puffer fish willswell up like a balloon if you scratch them on the belly.You can use them for a bait, but be very sure not to eat them.

Whales Do not worry aboutwhales. The chances are millions to one they will do you no harm. Metal struck against metal under water will often scare them away.

If you land om islamds without people, follow these instructioms:

Water Dig a hole at low tide just below high-watermark.Thewaterwhich runs in may be salty and discolored, but it canbe used. Drink moderately the first day, or may make you sick. it If there is a salt marshor pond behind the beach, dig near the foot of the slope which runs to it. You may find fresh water from 3 to 5 feet down. Since fresh water is lighter than salt, go nodeeper than where you first find it. On jungle islands, watermay be found at the base of the leaves of air plants growing inthe trees. Strain out bugs and wigglers. The water is good to drink. Standing fresh water anywhere in the Tropicsmay be dangerous. Boil it, if you can, before drinking. You can boil water in a section of bamboo Or before the fire burns through. heat stones in the fire, pick them up withbranchesbent like tongs, ahd throwthem in. ,Begin with a little water and then add more water and more stones. Where there are no people, running water is usually safe. Turtles Turtles come ashore, mostly at night, to lay their eggs. Turtle eggs are good. Find them by following the trail the turtlemakes across the sand to where the eggs are buried. . Dig them up. When cooked, turtle eggs do

water. The flesh of other fish in fresh waterisnever poisonouswhencooked. Fish are sometimes .found out of wateronrocksor trees. They are good to eat. In parts of New Guinea there are greatspiders whosewebs mayhelp you. Make a flatnet by bending a Plants branch and passing it back and forth Most tropical fruits, but not all, are through a number of the webs. Then good to eat. Some are unsafe. A t the bait it with a bug and set it where very top of many palm trees is a largd small fish' can see it. Their teeth will tender bud or cabbage. Cut it out and get tangled in theweb. By dragging several of thegreat eat it raw or cooked. The trunks of leaves of coconut palms throughshalsome palms, if cut into, will drip good low water, fastened together, may fish water. be driven ashore. Rattans, long slender vines with sha,rp curved thorns, also have cabShellfish top. Good drinking bages at the Shellfish and their juices are good to water will often flow from thecut eat and drink, whether cooked or raw. stem of a rattan. Manyburythemselves in the sand, The thick stem of a growing bamleaving small holes. Dig for them. boo, like rattansand palms, holds You may find shellfish also among the drinkable water. Cut off the stem and of rocks, hangingtothebranches catch the water as it drips. Bamboo trees that dip in the water, or crawla sprouts up to foot high can be eaten ing on the bottom at low tide. hand 'So can young leaf crabs, raw or boiled. carrying sea shells on their sheaths of bamboo andthe young backs, are often very common. curled overshoots of ferns. Only- two kinds of sea shells are Coconuts contain delicious, cool, dangerous. Each is in a single piece. nutritious water (called coconut milk) One is shaped like a sharp spindle. and valuablewhitemeat. Strip off The other thicker, rounder, open is the the husk and break in. length of the shell, and shaped like a Breadfruit is oval, about 6 inches short flat cone at one end. They are across, with a wartysurface. To roast found in tropical parts of the Pacific it, put it a hole in theground, cover and Indian O'ceans. The animals inin it with leaves, lay hot stones around side the shells have poison teeth and it, and cover the whale with dirt. are dangerous. Let them alone. The durian, a large fruit with great Birds and Animals spines, smells horribly but tastes like custard. Eat it raw. All animals are safe to eab-monkeys, bats, lizards, land turtles, frogs, Food From Fresh Water and even snakes, including poisonous fiesh-water fish.of any kind, fresh- snakes, if they have not bitten themwater snails, shells, crabs, shrimps, selves. Snakes like taste frog legs and crawfish are all unsafeto eat un- or the white meat of chicken. Grubs less thoroughly cooked. Cook fish found in theground orin rottenwood like breadfruit. and The snails make good food. So do grasshoppers, others, drop alive into boiling water. toasted on a stick. Pick off legs and Use your dip net to catch fresh-water wings before cooking. But do not eat shrimps. They often hang to any caterpillars. Many are poisonous. branches that dip in the water and People can be lifted out. Or make a dam in a stream out of mud, sand, or whatNearly all native peoples are friendever you have, and look for shrimps ly. ,Show them that you are friendly, when the water drains out below it. too. Ekceptalong the coast and in Eat the shrimp meat but spitout the the northern mountains New of shells. Guinea, you can almost always go to them safely for help. Food Alolzg Shore Fimally Fish are found in pools on reefs, in These instructions do not and canshallow water, or among rocks at high or low tide. Use your harpoon or not cover all cases. The best advice using your head, block the opening of a pool at high of allisto,keep Many other men before you have tide so the fish cannot get out. Poisonous puffers sometimes go into fresh saved their lives by doing just that.

not get hard like hen's eggs. Eat them cooked orraw.Biteaholein the shell and squeeze. To turn a sea turtle on land, catch it by the shell near a hind leg, and lift quartering forward. Once turned i t cannot get away.-

Page 47

WAVES
(Colztilzued from page 20)
Cost andquantities, required and optional, of uniforms and equipment for members of Women's Reserve: (NoTE.-AII prices are maximum retall.)

College Plan

(Continued from page 14) guagefor English and history. Al l Other new articles include an aviastudents inducted into the V-12 protion coverall and working smocks, to gram will receive instruction in naval Quantity _ " be worn by women performing duties organizationandgeneralnavaloriOfthat, if handled by malepersonnel, Enentation. isted ficer would call for dungarees. Students who are able tocarry elective courses in addition to their Navy Garrison caps are not regulation for 2 2 _.__..... . ...~ . ..-.11.00 2 2 Cotton suit curriculummay do so provided the the WAVES. 2 White suit _____._._. ... . ~ . . @ . ~. 15. 'I 1 extra work does notinterfere with ___ . ____ . . . 1 35.65 The following stores have been se- Raincoat raincmt--._.....~.. . _ . 11 '1 Summer . . . . . * 6.00 ' ..their proper performance of assigned '1 . . '1 lected by the Board of Review to dis- Summer havelock-. ~.... 2 1.00 '1 Overcoat __________...._...... 39.75 '1 duties. If the college is satisfied that tributeuniformsand accessories to Shirts. white ravon........_.. 4.65 2 thestudenthasadequately covered Shirts; white cotton, short members of the Women's Reserve: 4 4 sleeved. _______ .._..._.2.50 .. .. any of the subjects included in the Shirts, navy rayon ..____..... 3 4.35 2 CALIFORNIA: Diego, to be elect- Shirts, blue cotton._....___... 2 Sun 3 3.50 the studcurriculum, it may authorize 2 .45 Francisco, .The Emporium. Ties, black....__.__._.__..... 2 ent to substitute courses for ed; Sun those .45 Ties, reserve blue ._______..... 2 2 DISTRICTOF COLUMBIA: Washington, Hat, officer,complete_ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . 1 covered. 17.45 " " . blue 3.00 1 ~"". Julius Garfinckel and Co., The Hecht Hat enlisted blue.__......... Hat: enlisted: andwhite. 3.00 2 During their college training, Navy 1 ...... Hat rain cover.-.. . . . . . 1.75 Co., Frank R. Jelleff, Inc. F'LORIDA: students may take part in all college 1 1 Handb 8.00 Jacksonville, Cohen Brothers, Ship's Hose- - __......~. ...-. .80 4 4 . . ~. . . . athletics and other campusactivities, Service Department (U. Naval Air Shoes. black: S. Servi 2 8.00 2 2 provided such activities do not inter11 '1 Dress.". . -. ~..... . 2 8.00 . .. . Station) ; Miami, Burdine's, Inc.; ferewiththeir prescribed hours o r 1 11 Shoes, whlte . . ~. ~... . 2 8.00 . -. . . . Pensacola, to be selected. 1 . 1 Qloves, black.__. ~ - 2 3.00 ... . . .~ _ . _ courses of study. Any student who is Qloves, white .____........_.. 2 1.25 2 2 GEORGIA: Atlanta, Rich's Inc.; Mil- Sleeve braid .____._........._. ( 3 ) able to meet the requirements of the 4.00 (3) (pin-on device). .- -. . 7 5 . ledgeville, Union Dry Goods (Macon). Insigniabadges...._____.... ( 3 ) curriculum, which include compulRating . . 3.00 . '3 Aviation cover-all. - _ _ _ . 5. 00 . .. . .. '3 ILLINOIS: Chicago, CarsonPirieand Working smock.. . .~ ~. 3.50 __ ~... 2 1.00 1 2 ' 2 sory physical drills,swimming, and Scott, Marshall Field and Company. Aviation cover-all hat. ~. 11 .. . setting-up exercises, and is ableto 1 . ~. . ~. . ~~. INDIANA: Bloomington, L. S.Ayres and Slacks, wool -.......~ . ~ .10.00~ . .2. "1 devote additionaltime to participa2 6.00 2 Slacks, cotton "..... ~ 1 1 . . ~. .. . CeCompany (Indianapolis). IOWA: Muftler" __ -... ~. ~. . 2 2.50 tion in college athletics or other exd a r Falls, Hughes Dry Goods (Accestracurricular activities, will be per1 Optional. sories only),TheJames Black Dry mitted to do so. Navy students may 2 Estimated cast. Goods (Coats and suits only) (Water- 8 Required m sufficient quantity. also all join previously established loo, Iowa). college organizations and fraternities YORK: New York City, Abraham and LOUISIANA: New Orleans, Maison whichare available to all students Boston, Straw, B. Altman and Co., Blooming- on the same terms but at the perBlanche Co. MASSACHUSETTS: William Filene's Sons Co.; Northamp- dale's, Frederick Loeser and Co.. Lord sonal expense of thestudent.Stuton, WilliamFilene's Sons Co. NEW and Taylor, R. H. Macy and Co., Saks dents under theV-12 program will be Fifth Avenue, John Wanamaker. required to maintain the Navy's OHIO: Cleveland, The Halle Brothstandard of discipline, although milers Co. OKLAHOMA: Norman, Ship's itary activities will be kept a t a minService Dept. (Naval Training imum and subordinated to academic School), Rothschild's B andM;Still- training. water, Rothschild's B and M. PENNwith Detailedproceduretogether SYLVANIA: Philadelphia, Strawbridge the properapplicationform, copies ISLAND: Quonset of-which may reproduced from the and Clothier. RHODE be. Point, Gladding's (Providence). original, are in Bureau of Naval PerTENNESSEE: Memphis, 0.Lowenstein 1443, dated sonnelCircularLetter Corpus Christi, Per- February 9, 1943.Circular Letter 1Qand Co. TEXAS: Pasco, 43. is included in the Navy Departkins BrothersCo. WASHINGTON: Ship's Service Dept. (Naval Air Stament Semimonthly Bulletin (restricttion) ; Seattle, Frederick and Nelson. ed), Vol. 11, No. 4, dated February 15, Madison, Harry S. Man- 1943, pages R 3 4 7 through R354. WISCONSIN: chester, Inc.
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Li. S. S : ~ r x I'hotograph.

COVERALLS:Utilitarialz garmelzt designed for WAVES who will serve as aviation machinists' mates i s now regzclatiolz. The WAVE is s t a d i n g i n front of a photograph of a carrier, Hot on olze. Page 50

A letter received by some sailor's sweetheart which had passed through Navy War Bond Sales the usual censor routine in California. January 1943 sales-" $14,547,843.75 Heart all aflutter, the poor gal opens Navy allotments_____ 857,981.25 the letter to slip o f findanarrow Previous, sales (inpaper which on these words were cluding allotments) 107,274,976.50 written: "Yourboy friend still loves you but hetalks too much./s/Censor." Total to Jan. 31- 122,680,80'1.50 -The Blast.
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ficers, and transport officers to check onthe progress of the actionand ensure that the needs of the men at the front were met. At such timesthe phones were busiest and it was an unhappy operator who failed to put through a call from the colonel in very short order. It gave the colonel considerablesatisfaction to give the handle of the field telephone five or six vigorous turns, although tenwould make no more impression on the telephoneoperator than one. A wrongconnection was sure tobringforth blistering language. I am trying to get X. You have given me the field hospital, the quartermaster, and the scout bomber repair section inthat order. Will you please pull yourself together and try to get me X! At busy times he was also likely to be impatient with telephone addicts who thought it urgently important to notify the section that there was a Omcia1 U. S. Navy Photograph. blinking light off Kokumbona or a The stop i m Brazil-Presideat Getulio Vargas of Brazil i s at Mr. Roose- flare over Cape Esperance. Foolish ueltJs right; Jeflersorn Caflery, UrnitedStates Ambassador to Brazil, i s questions were likely to get short anat his left. swers. On one occasion a shore observer called the section with a piece (1) Maintenance and extension of of hot dope. The colonel happened the initiative won late in 1942, ( 2 ) to answer the phone. The voice at sending of all possible aid to Russia, the other end informed him that Jap (Comtiaued from page19) for the Chinese and (3) assistance warships appeared to be standing in armies. would demand unconditional surtowardKokumbonaunder cover of render from theAxis and asked that En route home, Mr. Roosevelt con- night, and went on to ask What do the African meeting be called the ferred with President Vargas,of BraUnconditional Surrender Conference. zil. The two American Presidentsdis- you suppose it is? I think it is a strength through joy The Allies seek the total destruction cussed the continuing submarine trip, was the reply. of the Axis nations power to wage war danger in the Atlantic, and reached When a pocket of enemy resisfance andaredeterminedto destroy the complete agreement that it must be was wiped out, the colonel, with a philosophy of hate and remove other permanently and definitely assured flourish of the dampcloth, would wipe peoples fear of subjugation, he said. that the coasts of West Africa and off the red spot that marked the Jap However, the Allies have no inten- Dakar never again under any circum- position on the map. The easiest tion of harming thepeople of the Axis stances be allowed to become a blockway I know to wipe out a parcel of two countries, Mr. Roosevelt said. He out- ade or invasion threat against the Nips, was his comment. Americas. lined three objectives for 1943: IEUTENANT Colonel Twining had little respect for Japanese tactics in a Flying Fortress. The big plane which won the enemy success in the shot downtwo or three Zero float- past.Their senseless banzaicharges planes which rose from Gavutu Har- against strong positions, their preferA ence for night attack when they were bortoattack it. Right there,he (Corntirnued from page 18) would say, pointing to a patch of sky not organized or equipped to carry through such difficult operation, and a listed men completed the personnel of near Henderson Field. their disorder and helplessness after a the section. They were Sgt. (now HEN a new operationagainst second lieutenant) Brant, Robert the Japs was being planned or defeat supported the colonels convicUSMC, Washington, D. C.; Sgt. Richard when a battle was on, the operations tion that the marines could continue Kuhn, USMC, of Fostoria,Ohio; and officer became one of the busiest men to lick the Nips. After a patrol encounter, in which Pvt. (1st cl.) Dennis J. Helixon, USMC, onthe island. He carefullystudied of Marshfield, Wis. marines wiped out a group of Japs the big map of the theater of operaafter stalking them through the Lieutenant Colonel Twining was tions, reckoned where the line of our jungle, he said: The Nips cant stand said to have been the first marine to advance was likely to be easiest and draw blood in the Solomons campaign. where parcelsof Nips (he invariably thatsort of pushingaround.They men He was one of two marine officers who referred to them as Nips) were likely have run up against who can live called in the jungle and get around as fast flew over Guadalcanal and Tulagi on to be found,andconstantly as they can. a reconnaissance mission late in July commanders at the front, supply of-

Casablanca

Philosophers

Page 51

: !

The Presidential Unit Citation

General order No. 187 provides regulations governingnew award
HE PRESIDENTIAL Unit Citation, authorized by Executive Order No. 9050, dated February 6, 1942, provided with specific regis ulations in GeneralOrder No. 187, dated February 3, 1943.The general order for calls a burgee pennant, plaques, and battle streamers, in addition to ribbons to beworn by individual personnel assigned tothe cited units. By the executive order, the Secretary of the Navy is authorized and directed to issuecitation a inthe name of the President of the United States, as public evidence of deserved honor and distinction, toany ship, aircraft, or other naval unit and to anyMarine Corps aircraft,detachment, or higher unit, for outstanding performance in action on or after October 16, 1941, After any Naval or Marine Corps unit is so cited on two or more separate occasions for outstanding performance in actionoccurring on or after October 16, 1941, such insignia shall become a part of the uniform of such unit, and shall be issued to omcers and men who may thereafter become members of such unit; and such insignia may be worn a t all times by individuals who were attached to the unit so cited on one of the two or more occasions in connection with which the citation was issued, whether theythereafter serve with such unit or with a different unit.

HE UNIFORM insignia of the unit citation shall be as follows: A ribbon bar similar to those worn for service medals except thatthe ribbon shall be 1% by '/z inches. The ribbon shall consist of threehoriTHE BURGEE PENNANT zontal stripes, the top stripe blue, the center stripegold, and the lower stripe SufIicient data forming the basis of scarlet, the blue and scarletstripes width and the the recommendation toenable the 'io be one-eighth inch in Navy Department Board of Decora- gold stripe to be one-fourth inch in tions and Medals adequately to con- width. Citation stars one-fourth inch in diameter willbeplacedupon the sider the case. gold stripe and willbeblue. The ciThe insignia of theunitcitation be worn on the authorized by the above ExecutiveOr- tationribbonshall left breast between personal decorader shall be in thefollowing form and tionribbons and service medal ribdesign: A Burgee pennant design of blue, nons. When medals are worn on the unigold, and scarlet of 27 units on the form, the Presidential Unit Citation hoist by 57 units on the fly, with the be on the right gold measuring 13 units on the hoist insignia will worn breast of the uniform. When so worn, and 48 units on the fly centered between the blue above and the scarlet the size of the ribbonshall be 1% inches in length, 1/2 inch inwidth, the below. For ships, aircraft units, tank units, blue and scarlet bars one-eighth inch etc., a bronze plaque is authorized to in width, the gold bar one-fourth inch be displayed, such plaque to be of ap- in width, and the blue citation stars propriate size and to have the Unit indicative of additional awards shall Citation Insignia centered in the up- be one-fourth inchin diameter. No ribbon or other uniform insignia per part and the citationengraved planes, tanks, will be worn at any time for the first below it. Individual etc., of a cited unit are authorized to citation of a unit. After the second Paint the design of appropriate size or subsequent citations personnel are in a suitable placeupon the plane, authorized to wear the ribbon of the citation -as follows: tank, etc. (1) Personnel attached to the unit For companies, battalions, regiCita- on one of the two or more occasions ments, etc., awarded the Unit HE RJEGULATIONS, as provided *ion, a battle streamer of appropriate in connection with which the citation was awarded shall wear the citation in General OrderNo.187,include size with the citation engraved upon these : ribbon with one star permanently, re'the standard is authorized. Commanders of forcesafloat will Should a unit be cited more than gardless of station assignment. make recommendations to the Secre- once, for each citation in addition to (2) Personnel attached to the unit tary of the Navy via official channels the first for which the insignia is on two or more of the occasions in for the Presidential Unit Citation for authorized, there shall be added one connection withwhich the citation such unitsof their commands as from blue star up to a total of five stars. was awarded shall wear the citation time totimethey deem worthy of Stars will be displayed upon the gold ribbon with two stars to denote two such distinction. Recommendations part of the insignia. The additional citations, and an additional star up will be confined to cases wherein the citation for each star is authorized t.0 to a total of five stars to denote each unit Performs services in action above be engraved upon the plaque. additionalcitation,suchinsignia to and beyond the high standard exIn time of peace ships shall carry be worn permanentlyregardless of pected of our forces and is considered a n additional display of pennant of station assignment. outstanding as compared to services the insignia design to be displayed a t (3) Personnel who subsequentlyjoin of other comparable units engaged in some place on the top hamper to be a unit which has been cited on two actions, Each the same or similar visible to other units. or more occasions shall wear the plain recommendation will be submitted Should a cited ship be lost, provision citation ribbon without star and only separately and will be accompaniedby willbe made for the display of the while attached tothat unit.

plaque by the namesake, if appropriate, with a notation of when and in the where the ship waslost;or event t.hat no new ship is named for the one cited and lost, the plaque will be sent to the United States Naval Academy for appropriatedisplay.

Page 52

~~

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

Casualties of United States Naval Forces-dead, wounded# and missing-reported to next of kin from January 1, 1943,to February 23, 1943, inclusive, totaled 2,118,of which 301 are dead, 633 wounded, and 1,184 missing. The preponderantshare of these casualties resulted from direct action with the enemy, but included in the total arenames of those who were lost in accidents at sea and in the air on duty directly connected with wartime operations. The Navy, Marine Corps; and Coast Guard casualties reported to next of kin from January 1,1943,to February 23, 1943,inclusive, bring thegrand total t o 23,615.
Navy______---- 5,110 2,095 Marine Corps------ 1,484 2,356 Coast Guard __--.-_ 51 19 6,645 4,470

TheNavfsNewest

ScoutBomber-the"Helldiver"

:__

Dead Wounded Missing 10,330

1, 996 174
12,500

Oficially known as the SB2C by Curtiss, the plane combines speed, range, and armament.Details of construction amd performance,mturally, are restricted.

~ Total - _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _

Rear Admiral Wilson Brown, Jr., been named by the President to become his naval aide. He will be succeeded as commandantof the First Naval District by Rear Admiral Robert Alfred Theobald, USN., I n naming Rear Admiral Brown as his naval aide, the President released Capt. John Livingston McCrea, USN, from duty at the White House to assume command of a capital ship now fitting out in preparation for joining the fleet. Captain McCrea has been the President's Naval aide since January 1942.
USN, has

Rear Admiral James L. Kauffman, commandant of theSeventh Naval District and Commander of the Gulf Sea Frontier, has been sent to a new post, nature of whichwas not disclosed. "he present chief of staff, Capt. H. H. J. Benson, has assumed the post of Acting Commanderof the Gulf Sea Frontier. Rear Admiral Kauffman is credited with driving Axis submarines out of the Atlantic-Gulf-Caribbean area.

-Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

Ice Breaker Smashes Way to Aid of Crashed Navy Plane

Imprisoned f o r 2 days by a sudden ouermight freeze-up of a New Englamd coastal bay, this United States Nauy utility plane is near rescue. A n ice breaker sloully smashes its way through the deep toward the aircraft. ice The pilot and radioman escaped in near freezing sea water. Page 53

DECORATIONS and CITATIONS

Pearl Harbor Hospital Wins Unit Citation
A citation' for distinguished service at the timeof the Japanese attackon PearlHarborhas been awarded to UnitedStates Mobile HospitalUnit No. 2 by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, USN, Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet. Commanding officer of the unit when the raid occurred was Capt. John Howard Chambers (MC), USN, of Philadelphia, Pa. The executive officer was Capt. John Marion McCants (MC), USN, of Fernandina, Fla. This citation is the second awarded a naval hospital. Admiral Nimitz had previously issued an identical citation to the United States Naval Hospital at Pearl Harbor for service a t t h e time of the raid. Mobile Hospital UnitNo.2 had been shipped to Hawaii shortly before the Japs struck. Despite the difficulties caused by the fact that construction work hadnot been completed, the staff of the unit promptly began to care for those wounded in the raid. Operating skillfully foraperiod of many hours, doctors, nurses, and hospital corpsmen attached to the hospital rendered full medical care to the casualties. Admiral Nimitz' citation stated that at the time of the attack and afterwards this unit displayed conspicuous devotion in the line of duty. Its ability to cope with this 'disaster was responsible for the successful care of all casualties and the saving of many lives. Mobile Hospital Unit No. 2 is bne of a number of prefabricated hospitals developed by the Navy in the past few years to permit the establishment of units whichcouldgive full medical care to the wounded a t points close to the battlefront. Prominent in thedesign and planning of the mobile hospitals has been Capt. Chambers, who received enthusiastic support from Rear Admiral Ross T. McIntire, Surgeon General of the Navy. The mobile units are completely staffed and equipped hospitalswith facilities forthe care of large numbers of patients."heirconstructionpermits rapid dismantling and equally rapid installation. The units may

"Harris and Em%%.

Maj. Gen. Vandegrift Is Decorated

President Roosevelt decorates Maj. Gem. Alexander A , Vamdegrift of the Ulzited States Marine Corps w i t h the Comgressioml Medal of Holzor. Major General Vandegrift commamded America? forces on Guadalcanal from August 7 t o December 9. Major General Vandegrift thus became the first Marilze of the present war to receive both the Navy Cross and the Congressional Medal of Homor. Mrs. Vandegriftalzd their SO^, Maj. Alexander A . Vandegrift, Jr., witness the ceremony.
thus be transportedfrom Place to place, wherever the shifting fronts of global warfare make location a maof jor medical installation desirable. Combined with the use of ambulance planes, also developed in this war, the mobile hospital units make it possible for the NavyMedicalCorps to give promptly full medical care stricken to members of the naval service, and have contributed greatly to the saving of many lives.

Sgt. Clyde Thomason, USMC, of Atlanta, Ga., posthumously, for leading The above six for their "daring and the advanceelement of the assault determination which contributed ma-, echelon during the Marine raider expedition against the Japanese-held terially to the victory over a superior island of Makin onAugust 17-18,1942. enemy force." The enemy wasenHe gave his life while leading an as- gaged at close quarters andprevented from accomplishing his purpose. sault on an enemy position.

Capt. Laurance T. DuBois, USN, of Washington, D. C. Commander William M. Cole, OSN. of Media, Pa. Commander Jesse G. Coward, USN, of Richmond Hill, Long Island, N. Y . Commander Edwin R. Wilkinson, USN, of North Miami, Fla. Lt. Comdr. WilliamE. Hank, usw, of Norfolk, Va., missing in action. Lt. Comdr. Emmet O'Beirne, USN, of Martins Ferry, Ohio.

Page 54

Commander William Hollingsworth, of Coronado, Calif., who led his bombing squadron in action against Japanese forces inKwajalein Atoll, 1, 1942. Marshall Islands, February He dove his plane through withering antiaircraft fire and scored a direct bomb hit on an enemy cruiser. Later in the day he led his squadron in a successful attackagainst an enemy air base onTaroaIsland, Maloelap Atoll, destroying seven Japanese planes.
USN,

Iowa, fordelivering a well-direct& and gallant attack by gun and torpedo fire against a vastlysuperior force of enemy vessels in Badoeng Straits off the Island of Bali, Netherlands E:ast Indies, on a night in February 1942. Although the ship which by he commanded was illuminated the enemy and under heavy fire, its fire scored several hits whichdamaged the enemy ships and silenced their fire.

tiaircraft barrage,heavy lighter opposition, and the fact that he flying was at a distancefromhis o w n forces, whichrenderedreturn unlikely because of probable fuel exhaustion.

*
Lt. William S. Guest, USN, of Rome, Ga., for piloting a bomber in attacks on Japanese forces in Tulagi Harbor onMay 4, and in an attack on an enemy aircraft carrier in the Battle of the Coral Sea, resultingin the sinking or damaging of the carrier and eight other enemy vessels.

Ensign Francis R. Sanborn, USNR, of Traverse City, Mich., for contributing to the sinking of one enemy caror Capt. William D. Stevenson, USMC, rier and the sinking severe damagof Titusville, Pa., for action during theing of another carrier and a t least defense of Henderson Field on Gua- eight other vessels as pilot of a tordalcanal on September 13-14, when he pedo plane in attacks a t Tulagi HarCommander Orville F. Gregor, USN, daringly led a reconnaissance patrol of bor on May 4, and in the Battle the of La Jolla, Calif.; Lt. Comdr. Damon toward enemy lines on the battalion's Coral Sea. M. Cummings, USN, of La Jolla, Calif., left flank, despite severe rifle and posthumously; Lt. Comdr. Douglas H. machine-gun fire. Later he remained Ensign Albert K. Earnest, USNR, of Fox. USN, of SanFrancisco, Calif., a t his communications after post Richmond, Va., for pressing home an missing in action, and Lt. Comdr. othercolamandpostpersonnelhad attackonan enemy carrierduring Louis M.LeHardy, USN, of Coronado, been displaced, continuing contact the first attack against the invading Calif., posthumously, for daring and with marine forces. Japanese forces in the Battle of Middetermination which contributed maway. He also received a Gold Star in terially to a victory that prevented ~, lieu of a second Navy Cross for action the enemy from accomplishing their Lt. Edward P. McLarney (MC),USN, in the same battle. He completed an purposes. The force to whicheach of Cross City, ma., and Washington, unsupported torpedo attack, in which was attached, engaged at close quarD.C., for coolly disregarding hostile he was wounded and his gunner was ters and defeated a superior enemy firefrom frontand flankduringa killed, and made a return flight some force. night action in the Solomons on Sep- 200 miles to Midway, althoughhis tember 13-14, and, assisted by a plane was riddled by machine-gun Lt. Comdr. John M. Bermingham, greatly reduced number of Hospital bullets andcannonshell;hiscomCorps men, rendered aid to approxi- pass and bomb bey door were inopUSN, of New York City, posthumously, mately 200 casualties during the enerative; onewheel of his landing gear for preparing the U. S. S. Pearg, of was unable to be extended, and his which he was commanding officer, for gagement. elevator control was shot away. Upon the performance further important of reaching hisbase he negotiated a safe missions following the bombing atLt. (jg) Floyd E. Moan, us^, one-wheel landing. tack on the Cavite. Navy Yard; for of Toledo, Ohio, for assisting greatly maneuvering the ship skilfully, in the sinking or damaging of a carthough subjected to numerous intense rier and eight other vessels as pilot attacks by 'enemy bombers and torEnsign Harold White, uSNR, Of her to of a divebomber in attacks against pedo planes, so astobring Florence, S. C., for obtaining a sucher destination with a minimum of Japanese forces in Tulagi Harbor on cessful hit on one of the enemy cruison damage. While moored a t Darwin, May 4, and in an attack an enemy ers, as pilot of a plane of a scouting the aircraft carrier in the Coral Sea on squadron in the Battle of Midway. Australia, on February 19, 1942, May 8, 1942. Peary foughtvaliantly against proA longed enemydivebombing attacks until finally, after sustaining five Chief Machinist Stephen B. Smith, Lt. (jg) Tony I. Schneider, USNR, ? bomb hits, she sank stern first. of Hillsboro, Mo., for participating USN, of Mason City, Iowa, and Maintheinitial dive-bombing attacks chinist Albert w. Winchell, USN, of against Japanese forces in the Battle San Diego, Calif., forparticipating Lt. John N. Hughes, USN, of Ames, of Midway, despite a concentrated an- as pilots of torpedo Flanes, in action

Lt. Col. Samuel B. Griffith, 2d, USMC, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for action in the Matanikao River sector of the Solomons on September when, severely 27, wounded after the other field officer in his battalion had been killed, he refused to leave the action until ordered by hissuperior to relinquish command,therebymaintaininghis troops' morale and enabling them to fight effectively throughout the day.

Lt. (jg) Kenneth H. Muir, USNR, of Pelham, N. Y., commanding officer of an armedguard crew aboarda merchant ship which was torpedoed' and sunk by an enemy submarine, for disregarding his own severe injuries and great suffering, and ordering three men near him to leap clear of theship; forrushing back tohelp more of his men escape. He was still urging the gunners the side when over the ship went down.

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against the Japaneseinvasion fleet in the Battle of Midway, and pressing home theirattacks in theface of terrific antiaircraft fire. Theircitations stated that the unprecedented conditions under which their squadrons launched their offensives were so exceptional that it is highly improbable the occasionmay ever recur where other pilots of the service will be called upon to demonstrate an equal degree of gallantry and fortitude.

under heavy hostile artillery, machine-gun and sniper fire to render aid to a comrade, saving the latters life, on September 8, 1942, in the Solomons. Again,onSeptember 13, as a company corpsman attached to a front-line company, he exposed himself constantly to enemy fire fromall directions tocareforand evacuate the wounded, thus saving many lives a t disregard of his own.

responsible for avoiding two of the enemystorpedoes.He also assumed the duties of executive officer when the latter was injured and directed salvage operations.

a
Commander Murr E. Arnold, USN, of Norfolk, Va., for keeping the flight deck and aircraft on board fully operative by his expert coordination and efficient supervision of theair department activities, as air officer on the U. S. S. Yorktown during the Battle of Midway.

For exposing themselves constantly to enemy fire from all directions to care for and evacuate the wounded, thus saving many lives at disregard of their own, during hostile attacks on the night of September 13,1942, as c o m p a n y corpsmen attached in the front-line to companies Solomons: Wilbur L. Marsh,PhMlc, USN, of Painesville, Ohio. Lloyd T. Mathis, PhM2c, USN, Spartanberg, s. C. Delbert D. Eilers, PhMac, USN, of Chandlerville, Ill. Albern M. Potter, PhMlc, USN, of Springfield, Mass. Gerald E. Roebuck, PhM3c, USN, of Philadelphia, Pa. ThaddeusParker, PhM3c, USN, of Cross City, Fla. William D. Kincanon, PhMSc, USN, of Riverside, Calif.

Pvt. Nicholas A. Willox, USMC, of Hempstead,Long Island, N. Y., for maintaining continuous, accurate mortar fire against theenemy despite severe handicaps, on Lunga Ridge, in the Solomons, on the night Septemof ber 13,1942. Later hehelped evacuate wounded and returned with ammunition to the front lines until hewas injured by an enemy hand grenade.

Pvt. John W. Mielke, USMC, of Ferndale, Mich., for personally accounting for a t least six of the over-running enemy, preventingloss of his weapon, and by his heroism being largely responsible for halting the enemy advance,when he wasattackedfrom three directions during the night of September 12-13 in theSolomons.

Lt. Comdr. Clare B. Smiley, USN, of Birmingham, Ala., for carrying on as executive officer of the b. S. S. Stewart during action against Japanese forces in Badoeng Strait on the night of February 19-20, 1942, despite the fact that his right leg was broken and he was bleeding profusely from wounds inflicted when the Stewart was subjected to vigorous shelling by a Japanese cruiser and a destroyer. During a slight lull between two phases of the nights action, Lieutenant Commander Smileys commanding ofRcer overrode his protests ordered him and carried below.

Lt. Comdr. William W. Fitts, USN, of Seattle, Wash., for directing the fire DISTINGUISHED of guns under his control which reSERVICEMEDAL sulted in thedestruction of an enemy bomber while he was serving as execuPlatoon Sergeant Lawrence HarA. tive officer of a ship in action against rison, USMC, of Benton, Kans.,for takRear Admiral Thomas Cassin Kinthe Aleutian ing charge of a unit during the Solo- kaid, USN,of Philadelphia, Pa., a Gold Japanese forces in Islands campaign. mons night action of September 12Star inlieu of a second Distinguished 13, when his section was isolated by Service Medal, for exceptionally attacking enemy forces, and directing meritorious service while commandLt. Comdr. John F. Delaney, USN, Japmachine-gun firethat halted the ing a task force in the Solomon Isof Bradford, Mass., foraccelerating anese advance. - A t daybreak he and lands. He was awardedfirst his his men broke through surrounding DSM forthemannerin which he the speed of hisengineering plant enemy lines and made contact with directed his task force in the Coral from 6 knots, the maximum speed of the damaged plant, to23 knots in apfriendly forces. His men his and Sea Battle. proximately an hours time, through weapons came through intact. the efEcient organization of hisdepartment andhis competent direction Sgt. Roy M. Gay, USMC, of Enigma, of repair engineering and damage Ga., for, with one other man, instalcontrol, after an enemy bomb exthe night ling a vital telephone line on ploded and extinguished the fires in Commander Irving D. Wiltsie, USN, all but one of the U.S. S. Yorktowns of September 13,1942,during action in as the Solomons, despite constant enemy of Riverdale, N. Y., navigator of boilers during the Battle of Midway. mortar, machine-gun and rifle fire. the U.S. S. Yorktown during the Bat- Lieutenant Commander Delaney was The line, between the command post tle of Midway, supplied air plot with engineer officer of the carrier. such complete and accurate navigaandfront lines, enabled continued tional informationthat the Yorktown contact with defendingforces. air group units achieved complete Lt. James C. Legg, USN, of Vallejo, success in making contact with their Calif., who served as commanding Karl B. Coleman, PhMSc, USN, of objectives; his expert control of the officer of a ship during operations folMcAndrews, Ky., for moving forward ship underthe captains direction was lowing theattack on the U. S. S.

1
7
*

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560 miles from his base in the Battle

of Midway, and, closing therange, boldly attacking the enemy with torpedo fire.

Ensign Hunter Marshall, 3d, USNR, of Charlotte, N. C., who is listed as missing in action. Immediately following the torpedoing of a United States naval vessel on which he was commanding officer of the armed guard, Marshalls crew promptly manned their guns and, despite the hazards of further imminent torpedo attacks, remained at their battle stations until the forward part of the ship was awash and theorder Abandon ship was given. Ensign Marshall was one of the last to leave the ship.

Ensign Regis J. Schaefer, USNR, of Pittsburgh, Pa., commanding officer of the armed guard aboard a United -Harris and E\vilrg. States merchantman, for the action of the crew underhis direction in Royal Air Force Honors United States Coast Guard opening fire on a low-flyingbomber and helping drive it down to the sea WhileUnited States Coast Guard Commandant Vice Admiral R . R . when on, Waesche, left, looks Air ViceMarshal iMacNeece Foster, deputy head in flames. Later, another of the Royal Air Force delegation ilz .the United States, right, presents a bomber peeled off in a forward dive silver platter to Commander Francis C . Pollard, USCG, as a tokelz of along the axis of his ship, they blazed appreciatiolz f o r the rescue by a Coast Guard flyer of three members of away until exploding bombs blew out a square of the hull plating, crashed the Royal Canadian Air Force after a crash in Greenlalzd. Commander Pollard was the skipper of the cutter from which Lt. John A . PritchaPd, her mainmast to port, and -swamped USCG,took 08 t o effect the rescue of the RCAF flyers, Lieutenant starboard lifeboats which had been Pritchard lost his life the lzext day when he attempted t o rescue two lowered to water level. Remaining aboard to supervise abandonment of American flyers in the same locality. the rapidly sinking vessel, Ensign Schaefer was one of the lastmen to go Yorktown. Lieutenant Legg displayed next day, after 28 hours at quarters, remarkableseamanshipunder dan- his crew set one enemyplane afire and over the side. gerous and difficult circumstances. sent another crashing ablaze into the sea. Placinghismenaboard theabanEnsign Floyd M. Symons, USN, of doned Yorktown to run the tow line, New Orleans, La., for assisting in the he endeavored to tow the vessel for work of towing a submarine to safety 24 hours despite enemy Japanese subLt. (jP) Francis G. Blasdel, USN, and in clearing the docks of the Cavite marine attacks. His action in cutting of. Kansas City, Mo., assistant dam- Navy Yard-of naval vessels and yard control officer during atthe the tow line tothe Yorktown and age craft during a Japanese aerial attack picking up U. S. S. Hammann survi- tack on the U. S. S. Marblehend by on December 10, 1941,while attached vorswhen that ship was torpedoed enemy Japanesebombers February 10, to the U. S. S. Pigeon. one and sunk savedmany additionallives. 1942,for proceeding from affected a bomLater he expertly maneuvered his ship area to the next throughout the alongside the Yorktown and removed bardment and continuously from then Ensign Clarence S. Lagerlof, USNR, personnel and the commanding on until the ship was docked, maintaining communications with the re- of Beverly Hills, Calif., commanding officer. officer ofan armed guard crew aboard pair parties andcoordinating their efa United States merchantman during forts, remainingat each postuntil the Lt. (jg) Morton E.WolfSon, USNR, Lhe aerial torpedoing and sinking of of Chicago, Ill., foractionas com- hazardous conditions of rising water that vessel by enemy forces. The and smoke forced evacuation. manding officer of the United States gun crew opened up on a low-flying armed guard crew aboardmera Plane whichhad been crippledby prechant vessel during attacks by enemy vious fire and drove it down to sea. In Ensign Allan Rothenburg, USNR, of the second raid a torpedo, released by German forces in alien waters. During a mass attack, his crew shot Washington, D.C., for the success of a float bomber, left the ship shaken down one attacking plane in flames the planewhich he commandedin lo- by violent explosions and enveloped in cating enemy Japanese fcrces some raging flames. When two of the lifeand seriously damaged another. The

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boats capsized, Ensign Lagerlof, along with others,dived over the side of the listing ship and remainedafloat until picked up by another vessel.

72
Ensign Frederick S. Fink, USNR, Of Kenton, Ohio, for his direction of the armed guard crew aboard. a United States merchantship, of which he was officer in charge, during attacks on the vessel by enemy forces in alien waters. The crew maintained timely and effective fireagainstPersistent raidsupon the convoy by German aircraft.surface units, andsubmarines; shot down one plane, and aided greatly in thedisruption of enemy attacks.

Lt. Ray Davis, USN, of Great Neck, Long Island, N. Y., for participating in persistent bombing and straflng attacks against fleeing enemy forces in the Battle of Midway, obtaininga near-misson a light cruiser in the face of tremendous antiaircraft fire as pilot of a plane in a scouting squadron.

Chaser

Have you artyememyplartes feport, Mitsui?

~~ ~

to

USMC,

Private(1st cl.) David P. Taber. of Oneida, N. Y. Private (1st cl.) Hubert D. Milanowski, USMC, of Grand Rapids, Mich.

Gunner Ralph W. Cook, USN, of Jamestown, Tenn., assisting for in the work of towing a submarine to safety and in clearing the docksof the Cavite Navy Yard of naval vessels and yard craft while attached to the u. S. S. Pigeon duringaJapanese aerial attack on December 10, 1941.

Machinist Paul R. Seifert, uSN, Of Bay City, Mich., for his conductwhile in charge of engineering aboard the U.s. S. Stewart during action against enemy Japanese forces in Badoeng Strait on the night February 19-20, of 1942. When fire shell pierced the steam line from ships steering enthe gine and feed water was being lost at a heavy rate, Machinist Seiferts skillf u l handling of the distillers, and fresh and feed water pumping, enabled the vessel to keep her station, although herbottomswerenearlydrywhen port was reached. Again, when shell explosion renderedthe steering engine room open to the sea, he directed the shifting of oil forward and maintained drainage of that compartment so that the stern was kept up and the steering engine was not further damaged by sea water.

For proceeding to the frontlines on their own initiative and engaging the enemy in close combat after they were separated from their communication platoons, duringahostileattackin the Solomons on September 13-14, each being wounded in action: Sgt. James Smith, USMC, of Cleveland, Ohio. Corp. Morris E. Snyder, USMC, of Norwalk, Ky.

Lt. Lawrence C. French. USN, of Norfolk, Va., for participating in persistent bombing and strafing attacks A against fleeing enemy forces and pressing hame his attack to within Herman S. Johnson, Slc, USN, of perilously short rangeof his objective, Idaho Falls, Idaho, for performing all despite tremendous antiaircraft barof his duties aboard the U. S. S. Ham- rage in the Battle Midway. of mann with abilityand efficiency, after the vessel had been struck by enemy torpedoes and was sinking rapidly; he Lt. Frank A. Patriarca, USN, of Imlaunchedlife a raft, provided life jackets, and assisted his shipmates perial Beach, Calif., for delivering redevastating attacks against over the side until the ship was com- peated theJapaneseinvasion fleet inthe pletely submerged. Battle of Midway, tenaciously holding to his purpose in the face of violent enemy fighter opposition and against tremendous antiaircraft fire, DISTINGUISHED thereby contributing decisively to the FLYING CROSS success of our forces in the battle. LieutenantPatriarca previously reLt. Comdr. Robert R. Johnson,USN, ceived the Air Medal. of Mill Valley, Calif., for leading his bombing squadron through a continuous barrage of antiaircraft f i e in Lt. Laurens A. Whitney, u s h , , of persistent bombing and straflng atProvidence, R. I., for piloting a scouttacks against fleeing enemy forces in ing plane in action in the Battle of the Battle of Midway, obtaininga Midway, maintaining calm and counear-miss astern which damaged the rageousconduct while persisting in steering gear of one of the enemy bombing and strafing attacks in the ships. fire. face of tremendous antiaircraft

For exposing themselves to hostile machine-gun, rifle, and grenade fire while caring for and evacuating the wounded to the rear during the attack on the Guadalcanal Airport on September 13-14: Alfred W. Cleveland, PhM2c. USN, of Portsmouth, Mass. Jay A. Brown, PhMlC, USN,of Cleveland, Ohio. GriffinH. Kerper, PhMlc, USN, of Philadelphia, Pa. John W. Fechter, CPhM, USN, of Lima, Ohio.

The following pilots of fighter planes in the Battle of Midway for participating in persistent bombing ,and strafing attacksagainst fleeing enemy forces in the face of tremendous antiaircraft fire, which contributed greatly to the destxuctipn of the enemy: Lt. James E. Vose, Jr., USN, of Long Beach, Calif. Lt. (jg) Frank E. Christofferson. USNR, of White Bear Lake, Minn.

Lt. William H. Gibbs, USN,of Marysvale, Utah, for flying all-night aerial patrols in the Aleutian Islands campaignandfacingtremendousantiaircraft fire in participating in bombingattacksonJapanese vessels in Kiska Harbor.

Page 58

Lt. Harvey P. Lanham, USN, of Temple City, Calif., section leader of a bombing squadron intheBattle of Midway, for pressing home his attacksagainstJapanesenavalunits in the face of an intense barrage of antiaircraft fire and while flying a t a distance from his own forces which rendered his return unlikely because of probable fuel exhaustion.

a
Lt. (jg) Thomas C. Provost, 3d, Caldwell, N. J., for making adetermined attackagainst enemy U. S. S. aircraft approaching the Yorktown and assisting inthe destruction of at least one enemyplane, while engaged in combat patrolin the Battle of Midway. Later he delivered an effective strafing attack against two enemy heavycruisers and two destroyers, inflicting heavy damage.
USNR, of

a
Lt. (jg) George Formanek, USNR, of Chicago, Ill., forpressinghomehis bombing and strafing attack against fleeing enemy forces in the Battle of Midway to within a perilously short range of his objective, contributing materially to the success of our forces, as pilot of a fighter plane.
Cubs Tale.

squadron in the Battleof Midway, in the face of tremendous antiaircraft fire.

Lt. (jg) James P. 0.Lyle, USNR, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for braving hostile antiaircraft fire and superior fighter opposition in order to locate, report, and successfully trace important naval units of the Japanese Fleet when it was certain that the enemy was attempting tot withdraw fromaction during the Battleof Midway. He was a patrol-plane commander.

Ensign Don T Griswold, USNR, of . Clarinda, Ia., posthumously, for pressing home attack as his pilot of a scouting planeagainst fleeing enemyforces in the Battle of Midway until shot down by a flerce barrage of antiaircraft fire.

torpedo plane approaching U.S. S. the Yorktown and assisted in daring pursuit and eventual destruction of the enemy plane, whichwas shot down in flames.

EnsignClarence E. Vammen, Jr., Aberdeen, Wash., whois listed as missing in action, for delivering repeated devastating attacks against theJapanese invasion fleet inthe Ensign Richard M..Howell, USNR, ofBattle of Midway, tenaciously holding Sonoma, Calif., received a Gold Star a to his purpose in the face of violent in lieu of a second DFC. He is listed Ensign James C. Boyden, USNR, of enemy fighter opposition and against as missing in action. During the tremendous antiaircraft fire as pilot Colorado Springs, Colo., for successCoral Battle, Sea while piloting a of a scouting squadron. fully locating the Japanese invasion fighter plane, he zealously engaged fleet at a distance of 560 miles from enemy aircraft, contributing thus the base, thereby contributing matematerially to the defense of our Ensign Wayne C. Presley, USNR, of rially to the success of our forces, as Corning, Calif., pilot of a fighting forces. pilot of a patrol plane during the Batsquadron inthe Battle of Midway. tle of Midway. As one of an escort grbup assigned to Ensign AugustusDevoe, Jr., USNR,. .c. h cover the approach of our dive of Spotswood, N. J., for participating bombers, Ensign Presley maintained in persistent bombing and strafingatEnsign Philip F. Grant, USNR, of continuous flght for an hour over the tacks against fleeing enemy forces in Cherry Field, Maine, who is listed Japaneseinvasion fleet, thereby intheBattle of Midway, obtaining a as missing in action,taking for suring an unopposed approach for damaging near-miss ona light cruiser part in persistentbombing and straf- ourattacking planes. Later,during in the face of tremendous antiaircraft ing attacks against fleeing enemy this battle, while participating in fire, as he piloted a plane of a scoutforces as pilot of a plane of a bombing combat patrol, he sighted an enemy ing squadron.
USNR, of

Ensign Everleigh D. Willems, USNR,. of Rockville, Mo., for his courageoous, skillful, and persistent reconnaissance flghts as pilot of a scouting plane in action in the Coral Sea Battle, which contributed materially to the successful tracking of enemy forces and the maintenance of effective combat paof. trols by our forces intheface heavy enemy opposition.

Page 5 9

AS pilots of scouting planes in the Battle of Midway, for participating in persistent bombing and strafing attacks against fieeing enemy forces, maintaining calm and courageous conduct while carrying on in the face of tremendous antiaircraft fire: Ensign Philip J. Rusk, USNR, of Cold Spring, N. Y . Ensign Paul E. Tepas, USNR, of Portsmouth, Ohio. Ensign Benjamin Tappan, USNR, of Baltimore, Md.

machinegun, after asafepull-out from his dive, thereby aiding the Dilot to escape.

For disregarding the extreme danger from intense antiaircraft fire and assisting in repelling overwhelming fighter forces with vigorous and heroic determination, thereby aiding their squadrons in pressing home the attack: John Ralph Cole, ARMlc,USN, of La Grange, Ga., missing in action. Harold C. Lundy, Jr., ARMlc, USN, Thomas E. Merritt, ACRM, USN, of of Lincoln, Nebr., missing in action. Detroit, Mich., whoparticipated in the Troy C. Barkley, ARM2c, USN, of Battle of Midway as gunner of a plane Falkner, Miss., missing in action. of a scouting squadron, for rendering Raymond Joseph Darce, ARM~c, valuable assistance to his pilotby de- USNR, ofNew Orleans, La., missing in tailing continuous specific and com- action. prehensive information concerning Joseph EmileMandeville, ARM~c, the disposition and movements of USN, of Manchester, N. H., missing in enemy Japanese units, in the face of action. furious and repeated enemy attacks. USN, of Charles Lee Moore, ARM~c, Amherst, Tex., missing in action. William Albert Phillips, ARM3c, Leo E.Perry, ACRM, USN, of Wolsey, USNR, of Olympia, Wash., missing in S. Dak., and Benjamin R. Dodson, Jr., action. ARM3c, USN., of Durham, N. C., both reported missing in action, for assisting in repelling overwhelming fighter Jay D. Manning, AMM3c, of Marysforces, thereby aidingtheir squadrons ville, Wash., posthumously, for effecin pressinghome attacks, as aerial tively manninghismachinegun in gunners of topedo planes in the Bat- the face of a tremendous barrage of tle of Midway. fire from numerous Japanese fighter planes and antiaircraft batteries, in the initial attack upon an enemy airWilliam Burr Steinman, A " l c , craft carrier in the Battle Midway. of USN, of Oakland, Calif., for successwhile serving as free machine gunner his plane against fully defending of a torpedo plane. fierce assaults by the skillful and timely firing of his free machine gun 72 during an attack against a Japanese Douglas M. Cossitt, ARM3c, USNR, ship during the Battle of Midway. of Oakland, Calif., who was wounded while pressinghome an attack against 72 concentrated antiaircraft fire and Clifton R. Bassett, AOM2c, USN, of violent fighter opposition in the BatSan Diego, Calif., for disregarding tle of aidway as gunner of a plane. the extreme danger from intense antiaircraft fire and enemy fighter opf7 Position, and, despite his wounded Lloyd F. Childers, ARM3c, USN, of condition, continuing machinehis Oklahoma City, Okla., who particigun fire in defense of his plane durpated in the Battle Midway as gunof ing the Battle of Midway. ner of atorpedosquadron,for disregarding theextremedangerfrom intense antiaircraft fire and overEugene K. Braun, ARM2c, USN,'of whelming fighter opposition as he North Platte, Nebr., gunner of a vigorously repelled enemy air attacks bombing squadron plane in the Batuntil seriously wounded. Although tle of Midway, for succeeding in de- no longer able to man his free mafending his planeagainstfierce as- chinegun, he continued to fireon saults of Japanese fighters by the attackingJapaneseplanes with his skillful and timely fire of hisfree .45-caliber pistol.

I
NAVY AND MARINE CORPS MEDAL
Robert H. Bennett, ACMM, USN,of East Ocean View, Va., for performing exceptional feats in the leadership of his men and in the maintenance of facilities which, if impaired or suspended, would have seriously restricted the operations of aircraft during the Battle of Midway.

Virgil L. Weeks, PhMlc, USN, of Athens, W. Va., posthumously, for distinguished heroism as Flight Deck First Aid Corpsman aboardthe U.S. S. Lexington during the Coral Sea Battle. In the face of violent explosions, he remained a t his battle station, renderingfirstaid to the wounded, assisting in removal of the injured to safety and helping exhausted men reach life rafts over the side. One of the last to abandon the stricken aircraft carrier, he, by his professional skill and tireless endurance, undoubtedly saved the lives of many who might otherwise have perished.

72
Edward J. Stewart, SMSC, USN, of Waterloo, Iowa, for his action during the Battle of Midway. When an officer of the Marine Corps bailed out of his burning plane and parachuted to a lagoon, Stewart swam from his boat to a coral reef and, despite the breaking of high surf on its jagged peaks, succeeded in removing the burned and shocked man to a point of safety.

Douglas M. Moore, Sk2c, USN, of Gantt, Ala., was who rendered unconscious by the blast of a tremendous internal explosion aboard the U.S. S.Lexington during the Battle of the CoralSea,for returningtohis station in the ammunition train and, despite dense smoke and stifiing fumes, rescuing seven men who had been disabled by the same detonation.

Walter S. Cochran, Jr., PhMSC, USN, of St. James, Mo., for faithfully and tirelessly administering to the wounded in an area frequented by violent explosions and fire aboard the U. S. S. Lexington during the Battle of the Coral Sea. When the area

Page 60

became untenable, Cochran transferred the injuredto a pointof safety, then returned to make surethat all of the men had been evacuated. He undoubtedly saved the lives of many of hisshipmates who mightotherwise have perished.
fi,

I
AIR
Lt. (jg) Albert K. Earnest, USNR, of Richmond, Va., previously who had been awarded the Navy Cross and a Gold Star-equivalent to two Navy Crosses-for heroism .in the Battle of Midway, for participating in an assault against a hostile task force and contributing to the aggressive his fighting spirit which enabled groupto score one certain hit and two estimated hits on a Japanese aircraft carrier. Japanese aircraft, at the same time keeping his pilot continuously informed, despite the distraction of MEDAL antiaircraft and barrage enemy fighter opposition.
Q

Paul Meuleveld, Sk3c, USN, of Sioux City, Iowa, forhis action while aboard the U.S. S. Lexington during the Battle of the Coral Sea. Although suffering from severeshock as the result of a violent explosion which occurred in his compartment, Meuleveld rescued five disabled men who otherwise would have been trapped there.

+
Lt. (jg) Norman F. Vandivier, USNR, of Franklin, Ind., who is listed as missing in action, for participating in theMarshall Islands attack February 1,1942,and attackingenemy ships and shore installations in the face of heavy antiaircraft fire, scoring a near miss on a cargo vessel and a direct hit on a small barracks.
fi,

Elvin Bell, MA3c, USNR, of Jamaica, N. Y., who served aboard the U. S. S. Ledngton during the Battle of Coral Sea, for voluntarily joining a repair party fighting Are inanareafrequented by violent explosions of gasoline vapor and ammunition and, although emerging in an exhausted condition, unhesitatingly entered the most dangerous section of the stricken carrier and assisted in removing injured personnelwho had been trapped belowdecks.

>
PROMOTIONS
With Commertdatiolzs
Maj. Gen. A. A. Vandegrift, USMC, commended the following marines and promoted them to thenext highest rank for their action in the Solomons fighting: Master Gunnery Sgt. Marion R. LeNoir, USMC, of Sumter, S. C.,who constantly and voluntarily e.xposed himself to enemy fire in directing the fire of his troops. Gunnery Sgt. Chester C. Simning, USMC, of Bridge, Oreg., who displayed extraordinary leadership in the calm and decisive reorganization of his platoon under fire and in maneuvering it to the most strategic position, thereby overcoming several enemy positions.

Milo L. 'Kimberlin, AMM3c, USN, Spokane, Wash., for meritorious achievement while. participating.in a n aerial flight as gunner of an airplane in a bombing squadron in action againstenemy Japanese forces in the Battle of Midway.

Lt. (jg) August A. Barthes, USNR, of Biloxi, Miss., for skillfully effectlanding of his ing . a precarious heavily loaded PBY plane during rescue operations aftertheBattle of Midway,following his rescue of two flyers who had been adrift ina rubber life raft for 5 days.Again, on June 12, he repeated this hazardous performance, picking up two other survivors and taking off from the surface of the seaunder perilously difficult conditions.

Walter L. Stacy, Slc, USN, of Cherry Valley, Ark. While aboard the U.S. S. Lexington during the Battle of the Coral Sea, Stacy labored tirelessly to extinguish and prevent the spread of fires in an area frequented by violent explosions and to assist in the rescue of many men who .had been trapped below deck.

-The

Anchor.

Platoon Sgt. Carlo Tosches, USMC, of Milford, Mass., who distinguished himself by crawling, while under fire, to the aid of a wounded platoon mate forethought in the Kenneth C. Bunch,' ARMlc, USN, of and exercising Hamilton, Iowa, posthumously, for stopping of the flow of blood from his meritorious achievement as radioman body until the arrival of a Hospital Corps man. and free machine gunner in an airPlatoon Sgt. Wilfred V. Michaud, plane of a scouting squadron in the Battle of Midway. He participated USMC, of Portland, Maine; Corp. Robert G. Fuller, USMC, of Newburyport, in. persistent bombing andstrafing Mass., and Corp. Irving Cleveland, attacks against fleeing enemy forces USMC, of Frankford, N.Y., who charged and pressed home his attackwith calm courage and vigorous determi- an enemy emplacement and killed the occupants thereof by fire or nation,untilshot downby a fierce eight bayonet. barrage of antiaircraft fire. Platoon Sgt. Joseph Sciarra, USMC, of Providence, R. I., who,while enthe Milton W. Clark, A " % , USN, of gaged in active operations against that Plainview, Tex., listed as missing in enemy, hastilyorganizedunits from action, for his achievement as gunner , had become separated their of a scouting squadron plane in the command inthe darknessand led Battle ofMidway.He took part in them with vigor and determination in the repulse of the hostile force. persistentattacksagainstharassing

Page 61

Syracuse, N. Y . , who drove an ambulancein an advancedcombat area, twice entering the main lines of hostile fire and assisting in thesuccessful evacuation of the wounded, thereby saving the lives of many of his comrades.

I
PROMOTIONS
Vardie Taylor, of Los Angeles, Calif., to the warrant rank gunner, forhis of cool and studied actionin getting ammunition out of magazines to forward gun groups, floodingthe forward magazine group when thetemperature approached the danger mark, and leading the magazine and handling crews to safety while a fire raged in the compartment above, during action with the Pacific Fleet. Another factor in his advancement was his conduct under fire during the Battle of Midway.

3 2
William Henry Newman, USN, Of Carbondale, Ill., to CGM, following a battle on May 8, 1942, while he was serving on the U. S. S. Yorktown. After ashot,ashell became seated in the gun of Newmans gun group. Newman trained and elevated the munle of thegunuptothe edge of the flight deck and by means of a section handle was able to unseat and remove the projectile. He thereafter supervised the loading and remanning by hand of this gun, keeping it in operation. He also served in the Battle of Midway.

Navy Photographer Is Cited for Outstanding Work

Commended for gallant and cool performame of duty under fire in the Solomon Islands campaigm in August 1942, Ralph E. Baker, Sun Pedro, Calif., was advanced from Photographers Mate FirstClass to Chief Photographers Mate ami given a letter of commendation by Capt.0.B. Hardison. T h e excellent battle action films taken by Baker are of great tactical and historical value.
Sgt. Ralph W. Fordyce, USMC, of Conneaut Lake, Pa., who disarmed an enemyvictim and used his weapon successfully in shooting and killing twomoreenemy. Afterward, he entered an enemy dugout alone and succeeded in killing five of the enemy within. field through severe shell fire to a place of safety, thereby removing many men from an area which was subsequently devastated.
fi Corp. Ralph L. Tullock, USMCR, of Maryville, Tenn., who drove his ammunition truck over a mud-clad trail in the darkness and successfully delivered ammunition to defending forces, thereby averting a critical situation.

A
Oliver James Cameron, usN, of Eatonville, Wash., to CEM, for his excellent leadership, outstanding professional emciency, loyalty, and fine spi.rit demonstrated during the first war patrol of the ship to which he was attached.

Corp. Mack Powell, USMC, of Myakka City, ma., who, during an enemy shelling of Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, drove his truck, heavily loaded with personnel, in the darkness, across the

A
Corp. Paul J. Bielec, Jr.,
USMC,

of

Obed Loyal Davis, USN, of Decatur, Ill., to CPhM, following outstanding performance of duty action in against the enemy during which, while under heavy gunfire, he administered valuable medical treatment to wounded and dying men and continued treatment all until wounded and dead had been removed from the field of battle.

Page 62

Russell Lumby, CMM, USN, of Archibald Ira Koester, USN, of Renton, Wash., CRM, following the first Clear Lake, Iowa. to war patrol of the ship to which hewas Howard Franklin Magee, Jr., EMlc, attached.The successful evasion of USN, of Claremont, Va. enemy antisubmarine vessels during WilliamBryan Moore,Cox, uSNR, depth-charge attacks againsthis ship of Fort Myers, Fla. ~, was due largely to his coolness and John Bernard OConnor, F2c, USN, efficiency. of Detroit, Mich. Carl Edward Rowe, cox, USNR, -of Q Waukegan, Ill. Raymond GeorgeWeitzel, USN, of George Henry Sheley, CBM, USNR, Alta Vista, Iowa, to ACOM, forhis of Peoria, Ill. actionsduringJapaneseairattacks William Jess Stanfield, BM2c, USNR, onDutch Harbor, during which he of Dallas, Tex. continually armed and rearmed airCharles Vincent Wilkinson, MMlc, craft and manned an exposed ma- USNR, O f Norfolk, Va. , chine gun. GeorgeWarren Wade, Jr., WTlc, USN, of Boone Mill, Va. Frank L. Randall, Jr., Flc,USNR, of For the fearlessness and high Sioux City, Iowa. sense of duty demonstrated during the attempted salvage of a self52 scuttled German blockade runner, Edmund KennethTryba, USN, of St. the following men totheir present Cloud, Minn., who served as gun capratings: tain during the Japanese attack on CMM, Dutch Harbor, to BMlc, because the Eugene Kenneth Laubach, USN, of Renton, Wash. heavy, accurate fire from his gun deElmer Hugo Schnaible, BM2c, USN, stroyed one of the enemy planes and of Lodi, Calif. prevented bombing andstrafing atNew Mike Wonner, QMlc, USN, of tacks. Castle, Pa.
~

tem for use after attack, which greatly contributed to the success of the air group of the carrier. The men and their new rates follow: Charles Columbus Barr, ACMM, USN, of Chilhowie, Va. Everett Taylor Eyman, AMMlc, USN, of Wilson, Kans. Leroy Ardell Moon, AMMlc, USN, of University City, Mo. Arthur Glen Jacobs, 2 c , USN, of A Mansfield, La.

*
The following to their present ratings following outstanding performance of duty in connection with the handling,,upkeep, and repair of the airplanes of the U. S.S. Yorktown air group, in preparation for and during the campaign of May 48,1942, and in the Battle of Midway. , John Donnelly Booton, AM2c, USN, of Beardstown, Ill. Anthohy James Vanacore, A 3 c , USNR, ofNew Haven, Conn. John William Mankedick, Slc, USN, of Ogema, Minn.

52
Donald Thomas Jansen, USN, of West Allis, Wis., to RM3c foroutstanding performance of duty in action against the enemy.

Four, of the crew of the U. S. S. Edgar Litchfield Oakley, USN, of Eu- Yorktown, for coolness and attention to duty inchecking gasoline lines and gene, Oreg., to Bmstr., following action preparing the aviation gasoline syson May 8, 1942, whileserving asa member of No. 1dressing station party of the U.S. S. Yorktown and as senior stretcher-bearer of the carrier. During action, when Hospital Corps men wereoccupied withthecare of injured personnel, Oakley personally supervised the removal of the dead to the after mess hall and later to the afterpartial deck. He also participated in the Battleof Midway.
72

For especially meritorious conduct in action on board an Allied vessel in entering an Allied port under heavy fire, the following men to their present ratings: John Robert Holt, Jr., CMM, USN, of Norfolk, Va. James Aubrey Aldridge, Flc, USNR, of Shreveport, La. Francis Xavier Connors, PhMlc, USNR, of Philadelphia, Pa. William Robert Darden, Slc, USNR, of Plymouth, N.C. James Edward Doran, MMlc, USNR, of Pelham, N. Y. Paul Lee Hedges, Flc, USN, of Cherry Hill, Va.

Theres that Peterso+goldbrickhg agah!

-The

Hoist.

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To the following ratings after demonstrating courage, zeal, and willingness to meet the enemy in combat throughout theAleutian Islands campaign, the following men: John Hal Morton, AMM2c, USN, of Arcadia, Fla. USNR, Andrew R. Anderson, AMMlc, of Farmingdale, N. Y. Edward Orson Anderson, Jr., RMlc, USN, of Grants Pass, Oreg. George R. Atchinson, Jr., AMMlc, USN, ofNew Orleans, La. WilliamDavid Baker, Jr., ARMlc, USN, of Jackson, Miss. Charles Frederick B a 1 1 n g e r, i AMMlc, USN, of Marsing, Idaho. Reid Leon Bronson, AMMZc, USN, of Alexandria, La. Robert Richard Campbell, ARMlc, USN, of Ogden, Utah. Paul I. Cleveland, ARMlc, USNR, Of Somerville, Mass. Walter D. Clifford, AMM2c, USN, Of Burbank, S. Dak. Gayle M. Corbett, ACRM, USN, of Inglewood, Calif. Richard EdwinDale, Jr., ARMlc, USNR, of Medford, Oreg. Lawrence Lee Dow, ACRM, USN, of Lac Du Bonnet, Canada. John M. Drabik, AMMZc, USNR, of Parma, Ohio. Richard Homer Foster, AMMlc, USN, of Seattle, Wash. Gerald G. Green, ARMlc, USN, of Hoquiam, Wash. Lee Richard Grubic, AIvIM~c, USN, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Bruce Stoddard Haight, AFLMlc, USNR. of Wenatchee, Wash. Thomas Albert Harvey, ACRM, T ~ N of New York City. Edward Mogasar, RMZc, USN, of Kansas City, Kans.

Three pilots who showed a fine example of zeal and conscientious effort to make their planes excel in combat and made repeated flights on tactical missions in extremely hazardous weather conditions, during the Aleutian Islands campaign, to the following ratings: James Harvey Airheart, APlc, USN, of Trinidad, Tex. Richard Marvin Sute, AP2c, USN, of San Clernente, Calif. Robert Walter Allen, APlc, us^, of Long Beach, Calif. The following men, who during the Aleutian Islands campaign demonstrated courage, zeal, and willingness to meet the enemy in combat and participated in bombing attacks in the face of heavy antiaircraft fire, to their present ratings: Warren Charles Underwood, AMMlc, USN, of Long Beach, Calif. Joseph John Yakich, A l c , USN, of Ely, Minn. Anthony Michael Alberti, A l c , USN, of Willow Grove,Pa. Fred .Forrest Ackerman, AOM2c, USN, of Snohomish, Wash. Alan Sheldon Ainscough, AMM2c, USN, of Taunton, Mass. Lewis Edward Ziesmer, AMM~c, USN, of Wyandotte, Mich. Herschel Hoyt Young, AMMZc, USN, of Mangum, Okla. James Carlyle Woods, ARM3c, USN, of Barnesboro, Pa. Arthur Wyatt Woods, AMM3c, USN, of Conconully, Wash. James Allan Wesley, RM3c, USN, of Seattle, Wash. Andrew James Uram, AMM3c, USN, , of Big Lake, Minn. William Alfred Turner, M 3 c , USN, of Bakersfield, Calif. Edward Turek,AMM2c, USN, of New i? Haven, Conn. Thaddeus Thearan Tull, ARM~c, Orlin Thomas Greene, USN, of Wawho is listed as wound- USNR, Of Omak, Wash. tertown, N. y., Martin Vance Townsend, ARM~c, ed in action, to PhMac, for risking his life in an effort to render first aid to USN, of Darby, Mont. Dorsey Foster Pribble, AMM3c, USN, his commander, who had been wounded by enemy gunfire in action on Au- of Wilsonburg, W. Va. Alonzo Duvoix Alford, RM2c, of USN, gust 7, 1942. Mount Hermon, La. Homer LeRoy A.llen, ARMZc,USN, of f7 American Falls, Idaho. Two petty officers, in charge of damage control parties aboard the U. z?T S. S. Yorktown during the Battle of Midway and in the attempted salvage Robert Wilford Harned, USN, of of the carrier, to these new rates: Helena, Mont., to PhMlc, forhis conNorris Keenon Hook, SFlc, USN, of duct and service aboard the U. s. s. New Brookland, S. C. Yorktown in and after battle on May Paul Edward Vander, SFlc, USN, of 8, 1942, and as a member of the volSan Diego, Calif. unteer salvage crew on June6, 1942.

Horace Laster Collier, USN, of Charleston, Ark., to BMZc, foroutstanding performance of duty inconnectionwith the handling, upkeep, and repair of airplanes of the U. S. S. Yorktown air group in preparation for and during thecampaign of May 4-8, 1942, and as a member of the volunteer salvage crew on June 6, 1942.

72
The following to their present rat- ings for exemplary conduct subsequent to an engagement between their ship and Japanese aircraft, which left their vessel in a sinking condition: Harold Calvin Bagwell, M ~ cUSN,of , Roebuck, S. C. WilliamDavidBoynton, SZc, USN, of Calexico, Calif. Meredith mgene Ebbert, Slc, USN, of Springfield, Oreg. Charles Anthony Hagewood, Slc, USN, of San Antonio, Tex. Patrick James Jackson, BMlc, USN, of Long Beach, Calif. Robert Ledford, Slc, USN, of Farmington, N. Mex. Nicholas Gaetano Marchese, SClc, USN, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Arthur Roger McPherson, Slc, USN, of Monroeville, Ohio. USNR, of Leopoldo Paloma, OSlc, New Washington, Capiz, Philippine ,, , Islands. Thomas Joseph Parker, BMlc, USN, of Pittsburgh, Pa. Alex Pupkin, Ylc, USN, of Duarte, Calif. Addison Frahklin Smith, QM2c, USN, of Torrance, Calif. Lorenzo Tyner, OClc, USN, of San Diego, Calif. James Marcus Weber, QMlc, USN. o f Houston, Tex. John Henry Worthman, Jr., MA3c, USN, of Corona, N. Y.

72 Joe Waugh.Abarr, USN, of Kensett, Iowa, to PhMlc; Charles William Edwards, USN, of Remington, Va., to CPhM; and Warren Heller, USNR, of New York, N. Y., to PhMlc, for outstanding performance of duty asHospital Corps men on theU.S. S. Yorktown in the Coral Sea Battle and the Battle of Midway.

a
William Carpenter, USN, of Parsons, Kans., to PtrBc, for guiding two injured men to safety from a damaged compartment which was dark and Alled with smoke, and returning to the compartment to fight fire and

Page 64

bornly in the intense heat and heavy black smoke on the starboard signal searchlight platform of the U. S. S. Yorktown during the Battle of Midway and assisting in fighting the fire until it, was completely out.

zs
Clyde DavisUpchurch, USN, of Bueis Creek, N. C., to SFlc, for outstanding conduct againstthe enemy as member of a damage control party of the U.S. S. Yorktown on May 8; for heroism and meritorious service as petty officer in charge of a damage control party on the same vessel during the atBattle of Midway and the in temptedsalvage of thecarrier. He directed fire-fighting efforts which were largely responsible for the quick extinguishing of many fires started by explosion of enemy bombs.

f?
Raymond Arthur Rolf, USN, ofNew London, Conn., to Slc, for continuing to load bothpowder and shell, thereby maintaining an uninterrupted fire from No. 5 five-inch gun aboard the U. S. S. Yorktown during the May 8, 1942, battle, after the first shellman to was injured and had leave the platform and before the captain could gun reach the platform after having been knocked down by an explosion. Rolf, who was first powderman, also served in the Battleof Midway.

-Terminal

Topics.

But Homey-that
t

was mo lady, that wasmy superior oficer.

adjacent gun. participation His in the Battle of Midway also was a factor in his advancement.

repair damage, despite the fact that he was severely burned, during action with the enemy on May 8,1942, while serving in the Pacific Fleet.

72 For pulling an exhausted swimmer Joseph Pierce Lewis, USN, of Ashe- who had no life jacket clear of the ville, N. C., to BM2c, for outstanding ship and swimming with him to the performance of dutyin connection nearest destroyer, where he was taken with thehandling, upkeep, andreaboard, after the U. S. S. Yorktown pair of airplanes of the U.s. s. York- had been abandoned:Austin Leroy town air group in preparation for and Lee, U S N ~ Purvis, Miss., to Cox. of during the campaign of May 4-8,

zs

R
David Owen Spears, USNR, of Richmond, Va., to S ~ C , Theodore Bernand hardt Nerby, USN, of Steele, N. Dak., to Slc, for displayingunusual coolness and presence of mind under fire and for beingof invaluable assistance to the gunners mate in repairing a serious casualty to the gun and thereafter ramming theloads by hand as a member of a gun crew of the U.S.S. Yorktown during the battle of May 8, 1942.

1942.

%?

Aboard the U.S. S. Yorktown during the battle of May 8, 1942, the first B. G. Fowler, USN, of San Fran- shellman attempted to remove a shell cisco, Calif., to Cox, for refusing to from the loading tray. A t .the same leave his gun until a lull in the Japa- instant, Charles Frank Vodicka, VSN, nese attack on Dutch Harbor, despite of Omaha, Nebr., started to ram the the fact that was wounded,thereby load. The first shellmans hand was he settinganoutstanding example for caught between the rammer spade and the remainder of the gun crew and the shell. Vodicka retracted the his shipmates. spade instantly, preventingserious injury to the first shellmans hand and d possible material damage to the gun. Wilford Moore, USN, of Portsmouth, Vodicka,whowas promoted to Cox. Ohio, to Cox, forrefusing to leave for this, also served in the Battle of his station as trainer of a gun on the Midway. U. S. S. Yorktown in action on May zs 8, 1942, despite the fact that he had Anthony Canzoneri, USNR, of Bessebeenburnedand knocked fromhis seat three times by the blast of an mer, Ala., to Slc, for standing stub-

zs

1-

Capt. Willard A. Kitts 3d, USN, of Oswego, N. Y., for saving the life of Francisco Macaraeg, OSlc, when the cruiser Northampton, which he commanded, was sunk by enemy action north of Guadalcanal Island on the 1. night of November 30-December CaptainKitts,hearingthe cries of Macaraeg who, unable to swim, was

Page 65

clinging tothe sinkingship, swam back and towed the helpless man 100 yards to a rescuing destroyer.

a
Maj. Marion A. Fawcett, usmc, of Logansport, Ind., who served as executive officer of a battalion of Marines in the vicinity of the Tenaru River, Guadalcanal Island, for directing involved maneuverswitha timeliness and effectiveness whichcontributed in a large measure to the complete destruction of an enemy force.

Lt. Martin M. Koivisto, USN, of Ishpeming, Mich., posthumously, for maneuvering the U. S. s.Perry in Manila Bay while serving as temporary commanding officer, in such manner that only slight damage was sustained by the ship during a sustained attackby five flights of enemy high-levelbombers. -A= Lt. Robert H. White, USN, of St. Johnsbury, Vt., and Lt. (jg) Charles H.Vale, USNR, of Kenosha, Wis., for excellent service rendered in assisting in the destruction of an enemy blockade runner. 72 Lt. John E. Black, USN, of Jewett, Ohio, posthumously, voluntarily for going to theassistance of another officer in supporting a portable oxygen outfit as a brace to keep the heavy loosened deckgear.fromdestroying the only available ladder of escape for men trapped in the starboard aircastle of the U. S. S. Utah during the Japanese attack on Peari Harbor. In the face of imminent danger of the ship rolling over, he remained at the post until all men had made their escape.

on his ship, which enabled his crew to damage at least two of the attacking planes and keep all of them at such distance that none of their torpedoes hit the ship.

Lt. (jg) Stansel E.DeFoe, USNR, of Higginsville, Mo., omcer in charge of the armedguard crew onboard a United States merchantman, for his skillful direction of antiaircraft iire which enabled the armed guard crew to shoot down one attacking plane.
i7
I

a
Lt. Comdr. Rudolph Paul Bielka, USN, of Tacoma, Wash., posthumously. He was first lieutenant and damage control officerof the U. S. S. Utah. For immediathly going to his station when the firsthit was felt on the ship at the time of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor,thereby losing his life in this endeavor to fulfill his duties.

Lt. (jg) Wesley N. Miller, USNR, of Hermanville, Miss., for his direction of the armed guard crew of which he was officerin charge, enabling them to contribute to the destruction of at least three e6emy aircraft which attacked their merchant ship.

72
Ensign Kenneth W. Tipping, USNR, of New York City, officer in charge of. an armed guardcrew aboard a United States merchantman which was sunk by torpedoes launched by enemy planes, for his direction of antiaircraft fire, resulting in shooting down one of the attacking planes, and of the escape of the entire ships crew without injury.

Lt. Comdr. Marvin Gould, USN, of M. Baldwyn, Miss., for assuming charge and directing the work of naval medical personnel on the occasion of the fire in the CocoanutGrove,Boston, Mass., on November 28, 1942, not only Lt. (jg) Granvilie C. Geisert, USNR, at the scene of the Are but also at of Marshall, Ill., for leading the hospitals and mortuary. Under his direction medical assistance was given men of B merchant ships Armed to civilians andto members of all Guard crew, of which he was officer in branches of. the armed forces, with charge, to combat the enemywhich the result that pain and suffering subjected the merchant ship to conwere relievedquickly and effectively tinuous submarine attack for several days; and for doing everything in his and the lives of many saved. power to aid his men to rescue and safety when the ship was torpedoed and sunk. Lt. Comdr. Denys W. Knoll, USN, of Washington, D C.,for his skill, ac. Lt. (jg) John McFadzean, USNR, curacy, andindustryin supplying of Evanston, Ill., officer in charge of weatherinformationfor the operational forces which made their land- an Armed Guard aboard a merchant ings on the North African coast on ship, for leading his crew in throwing November 8, 1942. It was Lieutenant overboard the antiaircraft ammuniCommander Knolls second com- tion magazines because of their proxmendation for service with the imity to a blaze started by a torpedo from an enemy submarine which Weather Bureau. struck the ship. When it became necessary to abandon,ship hewas the last a man, except for the captain, toleave. Lt. Edward A. Greey, USNR, of Yonka ers, N. Y., for his outstanding service in the construction of a mobile hospiLt. (jg) Charles H. Reynolds, WNR, tal, despite the trying climate and at- of South Bend, Ind., officer in tacks of tropical illness, and the fact charge of the armed guard crew on a thathe was handicapped in many merchantship,forhis skillful and ways by lack of tools, equipment, and courageous direction of the antiairmaterials. craft fire during an enemy air attack

a
Ensign Howard E Carraway, USNR, . of Greenville, S. C., for leading the men of the armed guard crew aboard a merchant ship with vigor and success to attack the enemy during a voyage of almost 4 months duration while theship was underconstant submarine and air attack.

. *

a
John Costello, chief torpedoman, (Ret.), of Bronx, New York, for saving the life of Donald Pierce MacKenzie, Flc, USN, of Lakeland, Fla., when the latter fell into the water between two piers in the early morning of November 3,1942. Costello, despite the fact that he was 58 years of age, sprang from his bunk when he heard cries of Man overboard, dashed acrossthe. pier runway, leaped down the stern of a moored warship, and plunged intothe icy water to swim toward the drowning sailor. Costello held MacKenzie up until the latter could take hold of a preserver, after which he towed him some 60
USN

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feet to the pier andtieda bowline around his waist so that he could be raised to safety.

a
James Webster Green, chief torpedoman, TJSN, of San Diego, Calif., for attempting to rescue a seaman who fell into the water while walking along a blackened out pier on the night of April 17,1942. Green, on dutyas petty officer of the watch of a vessel, heard the splash, leaped into the water between the dock and the ship and tried for 20 minutes to locate the seaman, although a not proficient swimmer himself.

9 7
Machinist Cecil Ray Haycraft, Breckinridge County, Ky., for hisconduct ascaptain of apatrol plane which was severely damaged by gunlire surface from vessels. For more than 2 hours,while the pilot endeavored to bring the plane to a place of safety, Haycraft rendered valuableassistance to the pilot and also administered to the needs of the injured crew members. When the at plane made a precarious landing sea 1 mile from shore, Haycraft assisted in loading provisionsand shoving off the lifeboats. Afterwardhe aided the pilot in starting theengines and taxiing the plane to the beach.
USN, of

-YYw

Guurds~nan.

The Skippers an old ofice manager. He wants carbon copies of all his correspondence!

a
Anthony S. Zawadzki, CGM, USN, of Bethlehem, Pa., member of a mine disa posal unit, for locatingfloating mine which had been sunk by gunfire and was blocking a ship channel. Zawadzki submerged in paralyzingly cold water for 35 minutes in order to find the mine, then rendered it harmless and secured a line to the lifting tug so that the mine could be towed to sea for burial. raft, they until reached the men clinging to theoverturned boat. After several tripsthroughthe pounding surf Ward and theofficer, with the assistance of a dinghymanned by a naval officer,succeeded incarrying all men safely to shore.

Henry Herman Awana, WTlc, USNR, of Descanso, Calif., for saving a mother and her young daughter from -wh drowning in Chesapeake Bay at Ocean View,Va., July 26, 1942. The Warren Earl Ward, GMlc, USN, of woman and child were swept from a Lunenburg, Mass., for rescuingseveral sandbarinto deepwaterabout 30 men from drowning. During the yards from shore. Without hesitalanding of vital supplies for an Army tion Awana divedinto thebay, quickly post an engineers skiff containing one reached the drowning couple, and officer and eight soldiers and sailors prevented them from going under for capsized amid tremendous breakers the second time. The mother colon a bar.Ward and a naval officer lapsed upon arriving in shallow water launched a rubber life raft from their and Awana carried her onto the a beach ship, navigated an extremely dimcult and skillfully administered artificial The following men, members of the and hazardous passagethrough comb- respirationfor 10 minutes until she ers which threatened to swamp their regained consciousness. armed guard crew of a United States

Vance W. Brazile, SFlc, USN, of Fort Smith, Ark.; Norris K. Hook, SFlc, USN, of New Brookland, S . C.; Clyde Davis Upchurch, SFlc, USN, of Bueis Creek N. C.; and Paul Edward Vander, SFlc, USN, of San Diego, Calif., for directing fire-fighting efforts which were largely responsible for the quick extinguishing of many fires started by explosion of enemy bombs on the U. S. S. Yorktown during the Battle of Midway. The men, volunteer members of a salvage party, entered holes cut through decks into rag stowage compartments in which had been fires burning for 2 days, and contributed greatlytowardthe completeextinguishing of the Are afterabout 6 hours work. (Hook, Upchurch, and Vander were also .advanced in rating-see Promotions.)

Page 67

Armed Guard crew had been sunk by a match ina room where gasolinehad merchantman, for courageous conthe ductduringaerialcannon and tor- enemy aerial bombing in the North been accidentally spilled and had his clothing. pedo attacks upon that vessel by Atlantic. After the survivors reached fumes saturated shore, Schwartz continued toconcern Groom and Merrill wrapped the man. enemyGerman forces. German torpedo bombers, in thepresence of con- himself with the welfare of the ships in a tarpaulin and carried him outwhere extinguished they the siderable submarine activity, repeat- crew and was of immeasurable assist- side, American officials. flames. edly and persistently bombed the ance to British and a convoy of which this was ship s?r s3c member. When out of a flight of 30 Joseph Lawrence Lord, RT2c, USNR, attacking planes, 2 torpedo bombers Sixteen members of an armed guard singled out their ship for demolition of Watertown, Mass., for participatcrew on a merchant ship for braving and dived directly upon her, the crew ing in rescue work during the fire a t intense heat and manning their staopened up with a terrific hail of fire the Cocoanut Grove in Boston, Mass., tions to dispose of the magazines thatsentboth planes into flaming November28, 1942. Upon arriving a t which werein danger of exploding due crashes.Duringthe nerve-wracking the fire, Lord immediately volun- to the proximity of a blaze set off when days when their ship became separ- teered to aid inthe evacuation of the vessel was torpedoed by an enemy structure ated from the convoy, the men of the bodies from the burning submarine without warning: armed guard crew met thebombs and and entered the building through a GM3c, USN, of James A. Cosby, rakingfire of a Focke-Wulf raider window. Unaided, he effected the Johnson, S. C. with a withering barrage which tore rescue of several personswhowere Charles Hodges, GM3c, USN, of Ertwo flaming holes in the fuselage, set badly burned or overcome by smoke. win, N. C. the port inboardengineablaze and As the rescue work progressed, Lord Grady Earl Scarbrough, GM3c, brought the craft to its destruction inrendered valuable assistance to many the sea. Through the skill and fight- of the firemen working in the build- USNR, of Albertville, Ala. Jesse John Cruthirds, Jr., SM3c. ing spirit of the armed guard crew, ing. Although nearlyexhausted and the ship was able to reach port safely. chilled from wet clothing, Lord con- USNR, of Mobile, Ala. most Erven P. Mengelt, BM2c, USN, of Arthur Leslie Adler, BM2c, USNR, of tinuedhisheroiceffortsuntil of the bodies had been removed. Minneapolis, Minn. Queens, N. Y . Clifford Edward Allen, SIC, USN, of Leon W. Stentstrom, BM2c, USNR, of Chicago, Ill. Zellwood, Fla. The following men, members of an Philip Henry Allen, S I C , uSNR, reCharles B. Wiseman, Cox, USNR, of armed guard crew aboard a merchant ported missing in action, of Towanda, ship forming part of a convoy sailing Kannapolis, N. C. Pa. Harry Dean Senner, S ~ C , USNR, of for an allied port through northern Robert George Bailey, SIC, USNR, of waters where weather Tampa, Fla. conditions Girard, Pa. USNR, of Earle Carl Smith, Jr., S ~ C , made convoy operations exceedingly Robert William Ballman, Slc, USNR, difficult; visibility was poor, and ice Jacksonville, Fla. of Cincinnati, Ohio. flowswere encountered, for successOtis Taylor Speir, Jr., S ~ C , of USNR, William Parker Jackway, Slc, USN, fully driving off numerous attacks by Jacksonville, Fla. reported missing in action, of West- Germantorpedo bombers andenaUSNR, Richard W. Summerall, S ~ C , bling the ship to make port aval- Fort Myers, Fla. with field, N. Y . Elmer S. Miller, Slc, USNR, report- uable cargo of military supplies: Henry T Gibson, Slc, USN, of Evans, . Julian Herbert Hamrick, M a c , Ga. ed missing in action, of Liberty, Pa. USN, of Miami, Fla. Samuel Monk, Jr., Slc, USN, of William E. Shelton,Slc, USNR, of Clayt,on Wayne SM2c, Koonca, Avoca, Pa. Leesburg, Fla. Francis Peter Perret, S I C , USN, of USNR, of Spartanburg; S. C. Alfie L. Smith, SIC, USNR, of Wayne, William Ernest - Landolfi, GM3c. Los Angeles, Calif. W. Va. Edward Michael Whelen, Slc., USN, USNR, Of Bronx, N. Y . . Francis E Stevens, Slc, USNR, Ona, Frederick Lee Vessel, Cox, USNR, of W. Va. listed as missing in action, of Chicago, Maquoketa, Iowa. Ill. Leland C. Werts, Slc, USNR, ProsCarlton Elbert Caruthers, USNR, SIC, Walter Ahramovich, S ~ C , USN, of perity, S. C. of Tampa, Fla. Kankakee, Ill. RobertBruce Dick,SIC, USNR, of USN, Chester Tomaselli, S ~ C , listed as missing in action. of Chicago, Ill. Williamstown, W. Va. The following men, members of the John M. Dilleshaw,SIC, USNR, of 7% armed guard on a merchant ship, for Atlanta, Ga. being instantly at their guns, directNorbert Lewis Schwartz, BM2c, USNR, Williston, Fla. Bert Dees, S ~ C , ing a tremendous barrageof accurate USNR, of Chicago, Ill., fornot only fire at a submarine which had torpreserving thehealthandunity of pedoed theirship withoutwarning, Jefferson Parkhill Groom, SK3c, his own menbut also, unaided, administering to the needs of the mer- USNR, and Harry Alexander Merrill, and for being the last men to leave it only when SK3c, USNR, both of Jacksonville, Fla., theship,abandoning chant crew during 7 days in a lifefor saving the life of a shipmate when the bridge and decks were awash: a merboatonfrigidwatersafter William Arthur Carlson, F ~ cUSNR, , his clothing became enveloped in chantman on which Schwartz was petty officer in charge of the Naval flames which started when he struck of Duluth, Minn.

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I
*3

George Francis Lambert, GM2c, of Clifton, N. Y., who previously had been awarded the Silver War Medal for heroic conduct a member as of an armed guardcrew of a merchant vessel when that ship was torpedoed by the enemy. Bert Paul Emery, Slc, USNR, of Bridgeport, Conn., who had been previously commended for heroic conduct as a member of an armed guard crew of a merchant vessel when that ship was torpedoed by the enemy. John Adam McInnis, Slc, USNR, of Duluth, Minn., posthumously. Charles Joel Vaughan, Slc, USN, of Fort Amanda, Ohio. Virgil V. Wilson, S ~ C , USN, of Chicago, Ill.
USNR,

zl;r

States merchantman during and subsequent to her engagements with the enemy,repeatedly for driving off enemy reconnaissance,torpedo, and bombing planeswhile the ship was proceeding through dangerous waters h Donald H. Eaton, BM2c, USNR, Of infested with considerable submarine activity, by alert, accurate, and timely p Meridan,Ohio,foroutstandingperfire; for displaying great coolness, formance of duty as petty officer in charge of the armed guard crew of a courage, and efficiency in the execution of theirmilitarydutiesduring shipduringandsubsequenttothe the extremely trying period when the sinking of that vessel by enemy acship had become separated from her tion. Eaton refused to leave his gun occasions when she even to rest, and because of this was convoy and on the was struck by an iceberg, went able, within the few remaining seconds after his watch had sighted a aground on a hidden reef, and took torpedo racing directly toward the in water after a collision with another ship, to summon all hands to general vessel : Stanley Waluski RM2c, USNR, of quarters. He was already in theprocess of loading his gun when the ex- Pittsburgh, Pa. Wayne Baker, BM2c, USN, of Star, plosion threw him upon the deck with a loaded shell in his arms. When he Tex. FrancisHermanBrummer, SM2c, arose to fire again, an explosion hurled him from the gun deck and he USN, of Woodbine, Iowa. Earl Harrison Grimm, GM2c, USNR, t gave the order to abandon ship only \ after water was rapidly rising over the of Columbus Junction, Louisa County, gunwales.Having assisted in saving Iowa. Johnny R a n k Wooten, Slc, USN, of all his men, hewas rescued from a life raft by a merchant ship of England, Atlanta, Ga. Robert Lee Wilkerson, SIC, USNR, and immediately offered hisaidto of Bamberg, S. C. the British gun crew. During the Lawrence Green Wilder, Slc, USN, sinking of that vessel, he manned the of Zebulon, N. C. telephone as well as an antiaircraft Herbert Arnold Peterson, SIC, USNR, gununtil driven away by burning powder and gas. He was rescued from St. Paul, Minn. John Laurie Stoudamire, SIC, USNR, an -overcrowded lifeboat on the open of Columbia, S.C. seas. David Daniel Bozard, Jr., Slc, USN, of Orangeburg, S. C. The following men; members of the Joseph Girolamo Lanzillo, Slc, USN, of Mami, Fla. armedguard crew aboardaUnited

Charles W. Schultz, M ~ C , USNR, of Junction City, Kans., for his conduct in staying aboard and sending a distress message when the merchant ship of which he was a member of the communication group had been damaged by a torpedo explosion and the captain had given orders to abandon ship.

Maybe were pumpid too hard, Gus

. . .

---Sweepings.

The following men, members of an armed guard crew of a merchant ship during and subsequent to enemy attacks which sank thevessel, for pointblank fire which caused the leading plane of a flight of nine German aircraft to burst into flames and crash into the sea, and for continuing to man the guns after the ship became separatedfromthe escorting ships and was subject to a hail of bombs and strafing fire, until the explosions knocked out the steering gear, opened the plates, and let in the sea: James Nathan Guyton, Jr., SM2c, USNR, Of Council, N. c. Robert Glenn Henderson, RM2c, USNR, of Frankfort, Ind. George Clifford Cooper, GM3c, USN, of Staley, N. C. Alfred DeLloyd Friday, GM3c, USNR, of West Point, Miss. Emmett Dotson Anderson, Jr., Slc, UBN,of Rock Hill, S. C . Paul OscarLessard, Slc, USNR, of Fall River, Mass. Arthur McDonald, Jr.,Slc, USNR, of Portsmouth, R. I. William Harkins, Thomas S~C, USNR, of Gloucester, N. J.

The following men, members of an armed guard crew on a merchantvessel, for theirtimely and accurate gunfire which forced a fleet of 7 German planes to veer out of range; on another occasion forcausing 2 planes of a flight of 14 to burst into fire and crash into the sea, with their withering gunfire. Two days later the ship

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was struck by two torpedoes and the crew was rescued from lifeboats: Harry Jones, Jr., Cox, USNR, Of Jonesboro, Ind. Thomas Nightingale, Cox, USNR, of Berlin, Pa. John Jacob Ours, Cox, USNR, of Long, Md. James William Pernell, Cox, USNR, of Quincy, W. Va. John Wallace McDole, RM3c, USNR, of Flint, Mich. Luther William Perdue, GM3c, USNR, of Vincent, Ohio. Percy Leon Spann, -SM3c, ,us&, of Georgiana, Ala. Milton Parker, Slc, USNR, of Baltimore, Md. Slc, USNR, of Willie H. Phillips, Gaffney, S. C.

Fortheir conduct as members of the armed guard on a United States merchant vessel which wasunder Are, the following men: Manuel Francis Viegas, BM2c,USNR, of Provincetown, Mass. Robert Crumley Hillman, Cox, USNR, of Appalachia, Va. Robert Norris Schappacher, RM3c, USN, of Cincinnati, Ohio. Joseph James Nelson, Slc, USNR, of Jersey City, N. J. Hubert Branch Tucker, Slc, USNR, of Valdosta, Ga. USNR, Armond James Baroski, S ~ C , of Houston, Tex. Clifton A. Bohall, S ~ C , of RoxUSNR, ton, Tex. USNR, Harold Ronald Bonar, S ~ C , of Seminole, Okla, USN, William Dudley Gattis, S ~ C , of Bennetsville; S. C. Mario Piemontese, SZc, USNR, of Leominster, Mass. Charles Leroy Pine; S ~ CUSN, of , Marion, Ohio. Philip Plavin, S ~ CUSNR, of , New York City, N.Y. Elvis Howard Webster, Jr., S2c, USNR, of Bowling Green, Ky. Cox, Jackson Heights, N. Y., posthumously, for his actions as a member of an armed guard crew aboard a merchant ship when it was torpedoed by the enemy without warnguard ing. Members of the armed were on the alert and directed a tremendous barrage of Are at the submarine. They were the last to leave the ship andabandoned it only when the bridge and the decks were awash. Henry

Andrew Peter Miller, S2c, USNR, of The following members of an armed guard crew for driving off Alton, Ia. seven assaults by German planes on George Miller, S ~ C , USNR, of MUSthe merchant ship on which they.were kegon Heights, Mich. serving, resulting in the damage William Lawrence Miller, S2c. USNR, of every one of the 30 craftand of Batavia, Ill. limiting the ship to minor damage: Rudolph Joseph Monica, S ~ C , USNR, Raymond Darrell Gaines, Slc, of Bronx, N. Y . USNR, of Salem, W. Va. Joseph FrancisMurray, S ~ C , of USN, Paul WilliamMeyer, Slc, USNR, of New York, N. Y . Castalia, 0. Carl Edward Roeglin, S ~ C , USNR, of Henry Wallace Murphy, Slc, USNR, Hansha, Minn. of Hialeah, Fla. Claude Leon Schexnayder, S ~ C , Harold Clarence Perkins, Slc, USNR, USNR, Of Lions, b. of Newberry, S. C. Rob&?..;Scntt.. S ~ C , ~ R , Van ;!; U of Anthony Pulitano, SIC, USNR, of Wert, 0. Glen Cove, N. Y . Richard Louis Shelton, S ~ C , of USN, William Lawton Folk,Jr., S ~ C , USNR, Bivins. Tex. Branchville, S. C. Warren, Norwood Glenn, Jr., S ~ C , USNR, of Richmond, Va. Arthur Roosevelt Mathias, Jr., S ~ C , w. D.Boyett, s 2 C , USNR, Of BeSSemer, Ala., who is listed as missing in USNR, of Wichita, Kan. Charles Marshall Maxwell, S ~ C ,action, for hiscourageous devotion to duty as signalman of the armed guard USNR, Childress, Tex. of crew aboardaUnitedStatesmer, Jack Fulton McAuley, S ~ CUSNR, chantman when that shipwastorof Chicago, Ill. pedoed andsunkwithout warning. Donald Robert McKinney, S ~ C ,Boyett, in order to reach his battle USNR, of Lafayette, Ind. station on the bridge with the capJohn Patrick McSparron, S ~ C , tain, ran through a mass of flames uSNR, of Philadelphia, Pa. hurled across the entire midships porWilliam Bell Menzies, S ~ C , of tion of the vessel by an exploding USN, Detroit, Mich. torpedo.

U. S. Fighting Man
Im a graduate of West Point, and I came u p from the ranks; And Ive never had a dollar, and I own a dozen banks. Im a corporal, lieutenant, sergeant, major, brigadier,
Im an ensign, captain, private, pilot, gunner, bombardier. Im a boilermakers helper; I was fullback f o r t h e Bears; Im an auction bridge instructor, and I worked a f a r m on shares; An Annapolis Midshipman, b y the Severn I was taught; And I got m y wings at Randolph, and I learned to fly at Scott; Im a fellow at Harvard; and I never went to school; old Im a finewhite-collar worker; and I used to skin a mule.

* Austin Kleinmeier,

Im a seven-hitchCoast Guardsman, and a boot-camp-fresh Marine; Im a grocery clerk from Brooklyn, and a logger from Racine. Im a salesman from Milwaukee, and a butcher from St. Jo;
Im a bartender from Reno, and a p u g f r o m Kokomo. Im a transient cotton-picker; Im an engineer from Tech;

USNR, of

Im a French-Italian-English-Irish-Swedish-Polish-Czech. Im a Mormon, Catholic, Buddhist, Presbyterian, Methodist; Im a Lutheran, Judaic, Baptist, Christian Scientist. Im a ring-tailed catawampus when its time to start a scrap. Im a walking, talking nightmare a Naxi or a Jap. to Im ten thousand diflerent fellows, multiplied a thousapd times; And youll find me at the moment in a dozen differentclimes. Im the roughest, toughest hombre since the day that time began; I am youth;Im strength; Im manhood; Im the U.S. f i g h t i n g man. A r m y and Navy Football Program.

Page 70

The following men for devotion to duty and courage displayed when a submarine torpedoed and sank a United States merchant ship which on they were serving as a gun crew: James Edward Dawson, Cox, USNR, of Bridgeport, Conn. Charles F. Zeltman, Cox, USNR, of - Brooklyn, N. Y . William E Cook, Slc, USNR, of Mon. tague, Mich. Charles Coogan, Slc, USNR, of Albany, N. Y . Alfred Ray Haynes,.Jr., Slc, USNR, of Statesville, N. C. ?William A. KruDp, Slc, USNR, of Washington, D. C. Herbert W. Lawson, Slc, USNR, of Thompson Town, W.Va. Slc, Harold Eugene Lundblom, u s m , of Miami, Fla. Charles Hastings Slatten, USNR, Slc, of East Flat Rock, N. C. Manuel Richard Sullivan, Jr., Slc, USNR, of Goose Creek, Tex. Theodore M. Treglown, Slc, USNR, of Rockford, Ill. Maurice H. Vanderwyst, Slc, USNR, of Unity, Wis. ,-Great Lakes Bulletin. Leo Vincent Zeroz, Slc, USNR, of Dolat you thilak the Navy sometimes carries this, speed the goods to Kenosha, Wis. our Allies thimg a little too far? James P. Connors, S ~ C USN, of , r Auxier, Ky. on the rescue ship, he conducted himThe following men, members of the George Hanus, S ~ C , USNR, of Chicaself meritoriously during a 6-hour go, Ill. armed guard crew of a United States dive-bombing attack. Dallas W. Liller, S ~ C , USNR, of Momerchant ship, when that vessel was nongalia, w. Va. torpedoed by an enemy submarine, for I2 USNR, Dale A. Swanson, S ~ C , of ChisThe following men, members of an going into action 4 seconds after the holm, Minn. armed guard crew on a United States first explosion and remaining at their until to abandon , Marvin V. Swanson, S ~ CUSNR, of merchantship which was sunk by stations ordered ship : Red Wing, Minn. German forces, for opening up a USNR, Albert Rene Vercnocke, S ~ C , withering fire, scoring hits on several Robert Marhold, BM2c, USNR, of listed as missing in action, of Detroit, planes and setting the port motor of Hayward, Calif. Mich. one plane afire; for carrying out the USNR, ClydeDonaldBaldwin,Cox, Edward Francis Zebrowski, S ~ C ,order to abandon the rapidly sinking of El Paso, Tex. USNR, listed as missing in action, of ship, under most difficult conditions William Russell Ferryman, Cox, Chicago, Ill. with maximum coolness and effi- usm, of Anniston, Ala. Thomas P. Fknnessy, AS, USNR, ciency: Freddie Leon Phillips, Cox, USNR, of listed as missing in action, of ChiLeonard Durewood Horton, Slc, West Point, Troup County, Ga. cago, Ill. USNR, of Carlsbad, N. Mex. Harold William Traxler, A S , USN, Ernest Edwin Grandey, Jr., S ~ C , Henry Clay Stevens, Cox, USNR, of listed as missing in action, of St. USNR, of McMinnville, Tenn. Clarksville, Fla. Louis, Mo. USNR, of Oswald Irvin Cassidy, S ~ C , John Stanley Spoks, SIC, USNR, Of Mandan, N. Dak. Tacoma, Wash. USNR, of Elbowoods, Leland Hall, S ~ C , Lloyd Allen Stanley, Slc, USN, of Paul Neil Webb, SIC, USN, of Mill- N. Dak. Oregon City, Oreg. ville, W. Va., member. of the gun Charles ClaytonHarris, S ~ C , of USN, Frank Charles Stetz, Slc, USNR, of crew on a merchant ship during an Sturgeon, Mo. , Sheridan, Wyo. attack by enemy aircraft,for con- - Lewis William Kroeger, S ~ CUSNR, , Slc, USNR, of Salem, Arlie Ray Shaw, tinuing to fire until the ammunition of Bird Island, Minn. Oreg. boxwas empty,althoughatorpedo Andrew Oliver Mathson, S ~ C , John Sommerffeld Swoape, USNR, Slc, could be seen heading directly amidof Halliday, N. Dak. USNR, of Redding, Calif. ships. While he was attemptingto , John ThomasKessinger, Jr., S ~ C , Raymond Peter Peer, S ~ CUSN, of reload, the torpedo struck, blowing Green Bay, Wis. USNR, of Kansas City, Mo. him out of the gun shield againct the , Edgar Verl Pickern, S ~ C , USNR, of Albert Oney Yingling, S ~ CUSN, of stack. While acting as a gun loader Muncie, Ind. Atmore, Ala.
~

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BuPERS BULLETIN BOARD

Commissioning of Enlisted Men
Under Alnav 265,December 8, 1942, commanding officers may recommend enlisted men in theNaval Reserve for temporaryappointmentto commissioned or warrant grades. The deadis line these for recommendations April. 1, 1943. A similar Alnav, 254, December 4, 1942, provided forthe recommendation of enlistedmen in the Regular Navy for temporary appointment to commissioned and warrant grades. The deadline for recommendations under Alnav 254 was March 1. Only enlistedmen inthe Naval Reserve are eligible for recommendation temporary for appointment to commissioned or warrant grades in the NavalReserve.Similarly, only enlisted men in the Regular Navy are eligible for tempxary appointment to commissioned or warrant grades in the Regular Navy.

The BULLETIN BOARD provides a place where attention can be focused on matters particular of interest and importance to Naval personnel. WhilepubliBULcation in the INFORMATION LETIN does not constitute a directive, special attention is invited to the material appearing here.

listed inthenaval service. Even a Presidential pardon does not remove the disqualification.

Divulging of Locations of Ships in Hotel Registers

It has come to the attention of the Bureau that there is a growing tend- , ency on the part of the Naval Personnel to indicate the names and locations of ships when registering at hotels. This practices violates security and should be carefully guarded against. An explanation to the clerk when registering that an address which concerns a ship cannot be divulged normally will be sufficient. I n no case, however, should the information be given, even if this means going to another hotel instead. A proper way of registering would U. be: Joe Gish, S ~ C , S. Navu. Another waywouldbe: Joe Gish, S~C, Cedar Falls, Iowa, the name and home town of the registrant.

and other general courts-martial Offenses does notend when the convicted man comes out of Prison. Where such confinement is followed by a bad conduct or dishonorable discharge, the manso discharged should not delude himself by thinkinghis punishment has ended and that he still has a competitive opportunity in civil life equal to others of similar age, education, and training. The commercial and business world generally has learned from years of experience that a n honorable discharge Importance of Obtaining and the good service record it evidences is a recommendation on which A Good Discharge it may rely. The business world has HE OCTOBER issue of the IN- also learned that if the United States FORMATION BULLETIN contained Navy has evidenced, by any form of an article describing the various unsatisfactory discharge, inability to types of discharges and directing at- utilize the mans services and abilitention to the stigma of a discharge ties, employment of such an individunder other than strictlyhonorable ual in private enterprise involves risks conditions. Thestigmaattached to which arenot desirable. Thereare a service record requiring a bad dis- few openings in civil life for the man charge and the contrasting value of who has violated his obligation to his the service record justifying an Hon- country at war by acts necessitating orable Discharge represent extremes imprisonment and a disciplinary disthat warrant serious consideration. charge. The confinement imposed by the court may measured in months be Every opportunityshould beused to encourage men to keep their serv- and years-but the stigmaremains. ice records clear, thus making them- No matter how cleverthe attempt, the selves eligible for the rewards that record cannot beconcealed forany follow. It is a human desire to prove length of time. worthy of the expectations of ones Since few crimes are more serious family, officers, and fellow men, and than desertion in time of war, men the importance of this appeal should should not be permitted to lose sight not beoverlooked. Manymen com- of the consequences of desertion. mitting necessitating acts general The lawprovides that everyperson courts martial trial have notweighed who deserts from naval service in time for themselves the eventual results of of war, and is convicted of desertion, the punishment on their own lives or is not only deemed to have voluntarily relinquished and forfeited his Federal the effect on their family. Among offenses most frequently re- citizenship rights but is also forever quiring trial by general courts mar- incapable of holding any office of trust tial, confinement,and a bad discharge or profit in the United States, or of rights of a citizen are absence over leaveand absence exercising any without leave. Punishment for these thereof. Suchmencannot be reen-

Security of Transportation Papers

It has come to the attention of the Bureau of Naval Personnel that members of the naval service frequently hand over to railroad ticket agents not only their requests for transportation but the entire of papers given them file under seal. The agent,if interested, could easily pick up from the mans orders information as to troop movements of which unfortunate use could bemade. The practice, the Bureau learned, has not been limited to enlisted men nor to junior officers. Neither has it been restricted to men of the Navy but hasbeen indulged in by personnel of the Army and Marine Corps also. Properly, only the requests for transportation should be given ticket agents.

Submarine Duty -Requests

Numerous requestsforsubmarine duty have been receivedin the Bureau without statements as to physical qualifications. Ecapplication ah should be accompanied by an endorsement by a medical officer to theeffect

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BuPERS BULLETIN BOARD

that the applicant is physically qualified for submarine duty in accordance with article 1535, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Manual. desired unless in the opinion of the commanding officer suchconsideration is not warranted.

Promotions: How Recommendations May Be Considered

Allotments of Pay
1. Due to the fact that naval per-

Records, Accounts, and Effects Must Accompany Men

The importance of forwarding records, accounts, and effects of enlisted personnel with the individuals or a member of a draft cannot be overemphasized. Always bear in mind that any apparentlyunimportant local transfer may, and often does, develop into a long succession of rapid moves, by varied transportation, to a distant point, either to contact an originally designated ship, or as a result of modified orders, or reassignment by a distributing command. When happens, this and the records and accounts of the individuals concernedhavenotaccompanied them, they are invariably delayed and work a hardship, notonly on the men concerned,but on the ship or station to which they are finally assigned. Specific instructions for forwarding records, effects, and accounts are contained in Bureau of Naval Personnel Circular Letter No. 148-42 and article

m g as commissioned warrant and war-

UMEROUS letters have been received in the Bureau of Naval Personnel bearing reference to Alnavs 254 and 265 and improperly recommending the temporary promotion of officers who are noteligible for consideration under the cited Alnavs. Attention of all commanding officersis invited to the fact that these Alnavs request recommendations only on qualified personnel currently servrant oficers and chief and first-class petty oficers.

now serving in the temporary rank of ensign or above are ordinarily eligible

Promotion of officers now servingin rankshigherthanthe above mentioned will not beconsidered under these Alnavs except as noted below. Enlisted men and warrant officers

sonnel are often transferred on very short notice, disbursing officers donot have sufficient time to register allotments,resulting inhardshipto dependents and the lapse of insurance policies on which premiums are paid by direct remittance. I n order to avoid this situation personnel should be urged to register their allotments as soon as practicable after reporting for duty, even though their dependents are living at thesame place or in the same locality. 2. It is especially importantthat personnel a t training stations, training schools, indoctrination schools, etc., be fully instructed in the advantages of the allotment system. It is suggested that commanding officers of these activities arrange time for such instruction and for registration of allotments.--S&A Letter L16-6 ( F A ) ,
February 4, 1943.

for advancement to the general line of en-bloc promotion applicable a t present to these ranks. Recommendations for special outof -line promotion, which are dictated by a specific and immediate need of the service, will continue to be considered under the provisions of paragraph A 4 of the Regulations for the Administration of Public Law No; 188, Seventy-seventh Congress. Such recommendations, however, should bear .reference to this paragraph and must not bear reference to Alnavs 254 or
265.

Permanent commissioned warrant officersand below who hold temporary appointments effective only while fillappointing a specific billet (spot by the ments) willconsidered be Board for straight temporary appointments along with personnel recommended under the cited Alnavs without specific recommendation from their commanding officers. In the interest of reduction of paper work, statements from commanding officers in the case of such personnel are not

-The

Keel.

A d on which side would you like parted- it

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BuPERS BULLETIN
D-7008, Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual. The attention of theservice is again called to these instructions, and especially to the reports required in case of derelictions. A little special effort at the source of the transfer pays great dividends. Get the records, accounts, and effects off with the men.

BOARD
nounced a policy of cooperation in dealing persons with in military service in the collection of their State income taxes. It alsowas stated that a similar policy. inregard t o all othertaxes would be adopted. Personsconcerned are advised to communicate directly with Henry F. Long, Commissioner of Corporationsi 239 State House. and Taxation, Boston, Mass.

TraDiv Establishes Quality Control Unit

A QualityControlUnit, to insure that mencoming from training activities meet the needs of the fleet, has been established in the Training Division of the Bureau Naval Personnel. of Although some informationasto the usefulness of the school graduates can be gained from inspection of the National Service schools, the real answer rests withthe Life Insurance fleet. Service Billet It is realized that on operating ships Foreign Thefollowing is quoted from a letAn officer is required for duty with ter received in this Bureau from the excessive reports are a nuisance, and so commanding officer of a vessel of the any reports at all are a bother, it is the United States NavalMission to not the intention to require further April orMay Peru to report during fleet: I found that a large number of reports. However, if theunit is to 1943. This officer needs have the followthe crew had not taken out Govern- function properly, it must be kept inment insurance and wentwork with formed by officers afloat as to the sat- ing qualifications: Rank of lieutenant to a little publicity, principally through isfactoriness of training of officers commander, be thoroughlyfamiliar short talks by the chaplain over the and men received by them from train- with submarine operations, and have ing activities. had command of a submarine in the ships loudspeaker system. The reWhenever the occasion arises and United States Navy. sults werevery gratifying. New inavailable on school It isrequested that volunteers subsurance, over and above that already any information is taken out, in theamount of $2,250,000 graduates, whether good, bad, of oth- mit applications for this dutyvia offichief of was subscribed forin 3 weeks, and the erwise, let the Bureau know. This is cial channelstoreachthe willbe o f naval personnel not later than April campaign is still on. We had one not a required report, but realistic sales aid. A sub attacked US great assistance in the general effort 1, 1943. one midnight and aDD opened up on to improve training. it withgunfire and torpedoes. The Visits to Ottawa next morning the insurance business The Officeof the Naval Attache at Candidates Desired was more than brisk. Ottawa, Canada, has requested that Officers,who are especially trained For Diving School Naval and Marine officers planning to to give advice on insurance, particuThe Bureau of Naval Personnel de- visit Ottawa, inform that office in adlarly National Service Life Insurance, sires requests from commissioned vance of the contemplated visit and andto promoteinterest in making also indicate thedateand hour of adequate provisionfor dependents are warrant and warrant officers of the arrival. ranks of boatswain, gunner, and carnow attachedtoallnavaldistricts The hotels of Ottawaare choked penter who desire instruction in the and to practically all shore stations. Deep Sea Diving School at the Navy and reservations of rooms are necesIt is suggested that commanding offisary. The situation has become cers of vessels while in port request, Yard,Washington, D. C. The next worse since the opening of Parliaclass convenes on May 1. locally, the services of these officers Applicants shall be under 30, years ment. for the purpose of lecturing, assisting of age. Commanding officers, in forin making applications, or as otherwarding requests, shall require enA Few Refrigerators - wise desirable. dorsement signed by a medical officer stating whether candidates are physi- Available to Personnel Sporting News Available The Production War Board has cally qualified for this instruction in The Bureau of Naval Personnel is accordance with article 153 6, Manual made an allocation of refrigerators, models retailing for $176 and above, of the Medical Department. advised that copies of The Sporting zone 1, for sale to naval personnel and News are now available, without cost, other persons authorized to make to libraries at all ships and stations. purchases from ships service stores, A sum of money voted by the National Massachusetts Eases through ships service departments and American Baseball Leagues has Navy Mens Tax Burden ashore. made possible this free distribution. Persons in military service from The commanding officers of all Commanding officers desiring this Massachusetts are informed that the naval shore activities on which ships publication free of charge should service departments are operated Commissioner of Corporations and make application directly to The have been advised of the procedure Taxation for that has State anSporting News, St. Louis, Mo.

Pdge 74

BuPERS BULLETIN BOARD

for the proper filing of applications, and particulars are available on application to any ships service officer ashore. Commanding officerswill not forward to this Bureau for approval any applications for new refrigerators to replace existing equipment unlessthe applicant is prepared tofurnish a signed statement in duplicate,from a factory-authorized repair organization for the make of I-efrigerator intended tu be replaced, stating that the existing equipment is not reparable, and giving the reasons therefore. The course book for pharmacists mate, third class, not only resembles the PT&Ebook on the inside but also has a red band around the cover as does the PT&Ebook. The only way of identifying the course is by reading the title on the cover. (c) present The A-N and A-S training pamphlets are being revised and combined. It is expected that the new book, to be called General Training Course for Nonrated Men, will be ready for distributionby April. ( d ) A completed delivery address should be given with each order for enlisted training courses. Requests are received daily giving merely the officers name, making it necessary to run down where the officer is stationed. Some requests are received even without the officers name. These, of course, cannot be filled. ( e ) I n order to time, save large orders, sent no oftener than monthly where possible, are preferable to frequent small orders. All orders should be addressed to the office handling ratherthan an individual. reOn quests which list courses only, three times as many PT&E bookswillbe sent. The following, taken from a letter from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is quoted for the information of the service : Candidatesshould beconsidered on the basis of scholarship, rank, and leadership qualities. Only a n exceptional student should be considered, andthe successful candidate will be required to maintain an average grade of 85 percent. The institute maintains 12 undergraduate courses leading to the bachelor degree as follows: Civil engineering. Mechanical engineering. Electrical engineering. Chemical engineering. Aeronautical engineering. Industrial engineering. Business administration. Chemistry. Physics. Biology. Metallurgical Engineering. , Architecture. Graduate courses are also offered leading to the masters and doctors degrees. The scholarship which the trustees ,of this institute offer is distinctly a n honorscholarshipand is not of the usual kind in which any student who can geta bare passing grade continues to be eligible. In selecting the successful candidate, it is requested that a committee representing the Bureaus of Naval Personnel, Yards and Docks, and Ships be appointed and that they be directed to pay considthat erable attention to the things the candidate has done outside of the classroom, sucheditorial as work, athletics, music,Boy Scout work, etc.

Notes on Training Courses:

( a ) The supply of the pamphlet entitled Thrift is now exhausted and a reprinting is not contemplated until after the pamphlet has been revised. As it has beengivenlow priority, the new edition will not be 3eady for a t least 6 months. (b) Manyofficers havewritten in stating that in answer to requests for copies of the pharmacists mate, third class, course, they have received only the progress test and examination book. This belief is due, undoubtedly, tothefactthatthisparticular course is written entirely differently fromall of theother coursebooks. In ordertostudythis course it is necessarytohave the Handbook of the Hospital Corps, which the Rureau of Medicine and Surgery states has been issued to all pharmacists mates.

RPI Scholarship
Offered Navy Son

HE TRUSTEES OF Rensselaer

Polytechnic

Institute,

Troy,

N. Y., offer again one full 4-year

-The

North Islander.

%ets see lzowwhat

did I forget?

tuition scholarship, beginning with the school year 1943,to sons of officers on the activeorretired lists of the Navy and Marine Corps, sons of deceased personnel of the above categories, and to sons of officers of the Naval Reserve onactiveduty.The student selected will be awarded free tuitionamountingto $1,800 forthe full 4-year course. Applicants for the scholarship should apply to the Bureau of Naval Personnel for blank forms,which will have to be completed by the applicant andthe principal of the secondary school last attended and returned to the Bureau. The completed forms must be received in the Rureau of Naval Personnel by July 15, 1943.

Page 75

INDEX FORMARCH
Page

1943 ISSUE
Page Page

Air medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Awards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B a t t l e s h i y A newU. S . . . . . . . Bonds-Navy sales of war. . . . . Casualty figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change of command . . . . . . . . . . . Chronomap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Churchill, Roosevelt, outline 43 strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coast Guard Reserves-Induction ofwomen i n . . . . . . . . . . . Coast Guard-Three incidents. College training program-The Navy ...................... Commendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correspondence Courses-offered by Navy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decorationsandcitations. . . . . . Decorations, Complete detailsof Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disabled Navy men to get jobs. Distinguished flying. . . . . . . . . . Distinguished service. . . . . . . . . Education centers-Navy sets up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishes-Food fishes of the South Seas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishes-Poisonous Pacific. . . . . . Fishing instructions-for castaways intheSouthSeas. . . . . Guadalcanal-Conquest of. . . . . Guadalcanal-Funkhole Philosophers of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . on. . Guadalcanal-Ithappened Guadalcanal-Map of. . . . . . . . . Halsey-Problemsof supplying. Henderson Field-May help shape future strategy. ....... Induction of women in Naval, Coast Guard Reserves is . speeded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lifesaving fishing instructions for castaways in South the Seas. ...................... Machine gun nest-Marine takes enemy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61 35 26 48 53

53
16 19

15
21

Map: Wardevelopments Jan. 22, 1943-Feb. 20, 1943. . . . . . . . . . MaFine Corps opens ranks t o women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine-Postmans Holiday taken by fighting. . . . . . . . . . . Medals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchant sailors deliver the goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Native of Solomon Islands is / decorated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 15 30 35 48 30

14 65
34 54 35 48 58 56 34 9 10 8 3 18 29 3 23 2

THISMONTHS COVER

15

8 30

The front cover picture shows asailor looking for submarilzes from the crows nest of aUnited States Navy PC boat. On theoppositepage: A coxswain on a UlzitedStates battleship pipes the crew atto tentionover the loud speaker system, before just gemeral quarters is sounded. For more photographs of the b r a d new Umited States battleship on which the coxswaim is stationed, see inside front cover and Pp. 26-27. (Both pictures are official United States Navy photographs.)

Naval Reserves-Induction of women in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navy,MarineCorps. . . . . . . . . . Overalls-Americans borrow Jap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plants-Pacific food. . . . . . . . . . . Poem-U. S. Fighting Man. . . . Premonition-So he killed 27 Japs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PresidentialUnitcitation. . . . . . Prison camp-Our largest, for Japs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Promotions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Promotions with commendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quotes of the month. . . . . . . . . . Ribbons, Natural color pictures of all Navy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roosevelt, Churchill outline 43 strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ross-.Barney on Guadalcanal . . Selective service-Navy adopts. 6 Solomon Islands-Native is decorated. .................... Solomons bases-Value of our. . Stores named to sell WAVES uniforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Streeter, Mrs. Ruth Cheneydirector of Womens Reserves in the- Marine Corps. . . . . . . . . Submarine Wahoos voyage. . . . . Silver Starawards. . . . . . . . . . . . TraDivletterexplainstraining aids. ...................... Training program-Navy college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uniforms-Stores named to sell WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uniforms-WAVES getslacks, whites.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Fighting Man-Poem. . . . Wahoo running, Japanese gunning ....................... War Bond sales-Navy . . . . . . . . WAVES getslacks, white uniforms.. .................... World map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15
60 33
11

70
30 52 25 62 61 16 38

16
33 30 2
50

15
12 56 28
..

14

50
20 70 12 48 20 16

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"