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AN2009-002
CelPlan Technologies, Inc. 1897 Preston White Dr. / 3rd Floor Reston, Virginia 20191 Fone: 703.259.4020 Fax: 703.476.8964
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Table of Contents
1 MODEL DESCRIPTION ................................................................. 2
1.1 Three breakpoints .................................................. 3 1.2 Diffraction ............................................................. 4 1.3 Penetration Loss and Final Factor ......................... 5 1.4 Sample Profile ....................................................... 5
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1 Model Description
CelPlan's experience over the last years shows that the Korowajczuk 2 D model gave, in general, better results than the other models, but, in some situations, in which very detailed building data bases were used, it did not predict the signals well behind high isolated buildings. This was due to the fact that the RF wave would go around the building (instead of going over it) and the RF profile considered in the model was done only in the vertical plane. This is represented in the following figure.
Tower
Building 20 floors
Base station
street
street
Additionally it was found that certain morphologies did not add diffraction losses and should not be considered in the diffraction calculation. This is the case of sparse residential areas, single tree lines and so on. It was possible then to improve on the previous model by adding another dimension. In the new model the propagation is analyzed in the vertical and the inclined horizontal planes between the transmitter and receiver. This leads to three possible paths, and the sum of them is considered as the result. This is illustrated in the following figures. The calculation of each path is the same as the one done for model K2D.
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Horizontal Plane
Tower
Building 20 floors
Base station
street
street
street
street
Building 20 floors
Vertical Plane
Korowajczuk 3D model RF path calculation on the Horizontal Plane The morphology based diffraction is applied only to morphologies specified by the designer and each of these morphologies has now its own morphing factor. The K3D model is more complex than the other models as it has to analyze three paths instead of one. . The average increase in prediction time is about 30%.
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1.2 Diffraction
The diffraction switch indicates what morphologies should be considered when calculating the diffraction, and the diffraction morphing factor (Diffr Factor) is used to adjust the loss] calculated by the knife edge procedure. In the previous models implemented in CelPlanner (models 1 through 5), obstructed signal paths were assumed to propagate via the top of the obstruction. However, buildings and other morphologies can also be circumvented by the sides. For this reason, the K3D model considers that the signal can propagate through the top and sides of the
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obstructions, as highlighted in blue and red respectively in the figure below. The K3D model calculates these signal path lengths and selects the one with the smallest path.
Model 3D penetration loss This loss should be considered in conjunction with the penetration loss considered for the environment. The final factor (FnFac) is an additional optional loss applied to the overall propagation loss to reflect special circumstances. It can be positive or negative.
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Korowajczuk 3D profile
All information included in this document is a property of CelPlan - Wireless Global Technologies unauthorized copies are prohibited.