OSLO

With over 260 species to its credit, the small nature reserve at Fornebu has a longer species list than some of Norway's better known birding areas. Thanks to a devoted group of local bird watchers, the areas birdlife is well watched and recorded, hence the long species list. At one time Fornebu was better known for being the main airport in Oslo, the fly-ways in the sky, crowded by aircraft from around the world. Today the fly-ways around Fornebu are still crowded, only this time it is birds, making their way too, from and over this small reserve at the end of Oslofjord. Divers must be classed as scarce, and even though Fornebu can boast all four species, numbers are never high, and some species are'nt seen every year. Much the same can be said about the Grebes as well. Once again four species have been seen with Greatcrested and Slavonian being seen the most frequently, but once again, not every year. Seabirds are represented with a host of unexpected sightings. Such species as Fulmar, Sooty and Manx Shearwater and Northern Gannet have all been recorded. Great Cormorant is another species to be found with varying numbers of birds moving along the fjord, depending the time of year. As one would expect, Grey Heron are not uncommon along the fjord. Wildfowl are represented with 33 species being seen in or around the reserve. Some of these like Bewick's Swan, King Eider and Steller's Eider though recorded, are very rare. Despite being on the edge of Norway's capital city an astonishing amount of raptors have been recorded, with 17 species. Eurasian Honey Buzzards are seen during most spring and autumn migrations. Three species of Harrier have been recorded with the rarest being Montagu's. Northern Goshawk and Eurasian Sparrowhawk are two of the more frequently seen birds of prey, while Osprey can often be seen fishing in shallow areas of the fjord. Both Eurasian Hobby and Peregrine have been seen during recent years. Turning our heads away from the sky, the areas of reed and marshy areas are always worth checking. Water Rail have been recorded, though the species must be classed as irregular, while Spotted Crake must be regarded as rare. Common Crane is also a irregular visitor, and mostly seen in flight over the area. Low tide brings with it areas of mud, a habitat that the 34 species of recorded wader appreciate. For the wader enthusiast, it is the spring and autumn migrations that provide the greatest selection and the highest numbers. Like any wader locality, always check for the more interesting species. There have been a number of Little-ringed Plover observations over the past few years, while both Little Stint and Temminck's Stints can easily hide amongst the Dunlins during the autumn. Some of the more rarer waders to be recorded include Broad-billed Sandpiper and Pectoral Sandpiper. Members of the Skua family are in general rare. All four species have been recorded but it is only Arctic Skua that has been seen during the spring, summer and autumn months. Members of the gull family are well represented with all the commoner species, some of the rarer gulls to be seen include Mediterranean Gull, Little Gull and a reported Sabine's Gull. Both Arctic and Common Tern can be seen through the summer months, while there has been spread observations of Sandwich Tern and Little Tern through the years. Both Caspian Tern and Black Tern have also been seen, but these species are rare. All the European auks, including Brunnich's have been seen, observations being spread through the four seasons with best numbers during the winter months. Other than being a nature reserve, Fornebu is also a bird observatory, where birds are caught and ringed. This work has provided much information on bird movements, as well as the odd rarity entering the nets. As well as most of the commoner Scandinavian passerines, several interesting species have been recorded. For most birder that visit Norway, Woodpeckers are always of interest. Unfortunately these species can be shy and hard to find. Fornebu is no different. Grey-headed Woodpecker has been seen but is not common. Green Woodpecker, Black Woodpecker and Great-spotted Woodpecker are seen more regularly while Lesser-spotted Woodpecker, White-backed Woodpecker and Three-toed Woodpecker are rare. Thrush Nightingale can be found at a few localities around Oslofjord, and though the species has been seen at Fornebu they are not that common. The range of habitats from meadow to reedbed is surrounded by both coniferous and deciduous woodland. Sedge, Marsh and Reed Warbler have all been recorded breeding with the commonest being Reed. Icterine Warbler has also been recorded, but numbers vary. The same can be said for Lesser and Common Whitethroat and Garden Warbler and Blackcap. All four species have been seen during the summer months, but it is not before the autumn migration that the highest counts are made. Both migration periods are a good time for passerines, with many migrants joining the resident species. Several rare and uncommon passerines have been recorded, some of the more interesting observations include Bee-eater, Hoopoe, Pied Wheatear, Penduline Tit, Golden Oriole, Lesser-grey Shrike and Bobolink. How to get there: You can take the bus nr 31 from Oslo. Ask the driver to let you know when you arrive at Oksenyveien. You can then follow the road along Holtekilen, past the old garden centre and the marina. You should end up in the wetland area between Storykilen (also known as Hawk Mountain amongst the local birders) and Koksa, a large area of reedbed and shallow fjord. By car, you drive along Oksenyveien until the asphalt ends, from here you can check the area. During the best part of 2002, the local birders have been working on a house which will be the observatory station, and there is an observation tower.

NORDLAND

Nordland is by far the longest county in Norway, stretching more than four hundred miles, most of them north of the Arctic Circle. At it's narrowest the distance between the sea and the Swedish border is only three miles. The biggest island group is the Lofoten and Vesterlen islands in the northern part. The name is a reminder from times when "Nordlandene" - The Northern Lands - was used as a description of the three northern counties. With its hundreds of islands the county of Nordland is the home of one of Norway's most famous. Lofoten needs no presentation. The home of thousands of seabirds, the islands are visited by birders from all over the world.

Alstahaug Lying south of the arctic circle in an area that is known as Outer Helgeland, Alstahaug offers the visiting bird watcher a chance to do some birding in spectacular scenery, be it coastal or inland where the mountain chain "The Seven Sisters" marks the boundary between the habitats. One of the better areas to birdwatch is Tjtta. Here you will find the small nature reserve Ostjnna. Surrounded by cultivated land, this small brackish water has a long species list to its credit and is no doubt why so many species have been seen in the municipality. All four species of diver have been seen with Red-throated being the commonest. Black-throated Diver has been recorded during the breeding season while both Great Northern and White-billed Diver have been seen during both winter, spring and autumn. Of the three members of the grebe family to be seen, Little, Red-necked and Slavonian it is the latter that is most frequent. There still can be Whooper Swans in the area by late spring and geese movements should be underway. Greylag Goose breed in the area while other species such as Bean Goose and Pink-footed Goose have been recorded during times of passage. The area is obviously popular with dabbling ducks with seven species being recorded, this includes such species as Gadwall, Northern Pintail and Northern Shoveler being recorded during the breeding season and both spring and autumn observations of Garganey. I will be surprised if you don't see a White-tailed Eagle in the area, other birds of prey that have been seen include both Eurasian Marsh Harrier, Hen Harrier and Peregrine Falcon. As with wildfowl, waders are also well represented, and over 20 species have been seen. Some of these are uncommon or rarities, this is covered in the last section. Arctic Skua can be found during the warmer months, some sea-watching in May might produce some of the other skuas, Pomarine Skua has been recorded. Little Gull has been seen with observations during spring and autumn and though most observations of Iceland and Glaucous Gulls are during the colder months, it is certainly worth keeping an eye open through the year. Once again there are no major seabird colonies in the municipality. Black Guillemot breed and you could always check for members of the auk family. Short-eared Owl has breed in the area and there has been winter and autumn observations of Pygmy and Tengmalm's respectively. Moving onto passerines, once again a large selection where commoner Scandinavian species can be found in varying numbers. Woodpeckers are always popular with visiting birders and the area has some interesting deciduous woodland areas, one of these, Skeilia is a nature reserve. Such areas provide perfect breeding habitat for Lesser-spotted Woodpecker. Both Grey-headed Woodpecker and Three-toed Woodpecker have also been recorded, but the majority of the observations that I have found are during spring and late autumn. By late May most of the migrants that can be found in the area should have arrived Whinchat can be found in grassland habitat while Bluethroat often prefer areas of willow scrub. Ring Ouzels can be found in more mountainous habitats while such songsters as Icterine Warbler, Blackcap and Common Whitethroat are definitely low land species. Summer is also a good time to look for both Spotted and Pied Flycatcher. Finch numbers vary through the year with Common Chaffinch, Brambling, Greenfinch Common Redpoll and Common Bullfinch found breeding. However some of the more interesting finches to be recorded in the area include Two-barred Crossbill, Common Rosefinch and Pine Grosbeak. Yellowhammer can be found around farming areas while Reed Bunting prefer wetland. The last bunting of the area is the Snow Bunting, these breed in mountain areas though during migration periods you may see small flocks at lower altitudes. As mentioned earlier, several interesting species have been reported from Alstahaug. These include a Great Egret 9/4/2002, Greenwinged Teal 25/5/2003, Montagu's Harrier 5/9/220, Pied Avocet 6/6/2002, Broad-billed Sandpiper 30/5/2003, Greater Yellowlegs 16/7/2001, White-winged Tern 11/6/2003, Bee-eater 22/7/2003, Red-throated Pipit 5/10/2002, Dark-throated Thrush 8/10/2003, Pallas's Warbler 27/09/04 and Rose-coloured Starling 10/10/2003 just to name a few. As you see Alstahuag has a species list that can do nothing but impress, How to get there: Ostjnna is situated along side route 17 at Tjtta. In fact it is worth checking other areas at Tjtta like Storvatnet and Sundet There is a small hide over looking Ostjnna. Skeilia lies on the southern tip of Alstenya about 3 miles (5 km) from Alstahaug Church.

Andoy With the Gulf Stream warming it shores, Andy and the neighbouring island of Hinny cover and area of 659,3 sq. kilometres. Lying furthest north in the area known as Vesterlen, Andy is a mixture of vast areas of marshland fens, with a backdrop of high peaked mountains. The coast is not only famous for its sea bird colonies such as Bleiksya, you will also find sheltered bays with white sandy shores. The area has a rich bird life and this is reflected in some good birding localities like Forfjorden Nature Reserve and Skogvoll, the latter a Ramsar site of international importance. Both Red-throated Diver and Black-throated Diver have been found breeding in the area. And by late April, the other two members of the family, Great Northern and White-billed Diver should be moving along the coast, so it may be worth doing some sea watching in the hope of seeing these species. Fulmar breed in the area and there have been mid-summer observations of both Sooty and Manx Shearwater. During 1985, European Storm Petrel was found breeding for the first time on Bleiksya. Another species that seems to be on the increase is Northern Gannet while both Great Cormorant and Shag can be found in varying numbers throughout the year. Both Mute and Whooper Swan have been seen at Skogvoll with the latter species breeding in the area. Spring brings with it flocks of migrating geese with Greylag Goose being the only member of this group that actually breed. Pink-footed Goose can turn up in good numbers with Skogvoll being an important resting and feeding ground. Both Greater and Lesser White-fronted Geese have been recorded though must be regarded as uncommon. Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal and Mallard all breed while other dabbling ducks like Northern Pintail and Northern Shoveler, though uncommon, have been recorded during the breeding season. Tufted Duck will most probably be the commonest of the diving ducks but be on the look out for Greater Scaup as well. Common Eider are resident all year round while there have been observations of both King and Steller's Eiders as late as mid April. There has also been observations of Smew during April as well. Moving on to raptors. White-tailed Eagle is a characteristic species for the area. There is a small population of both Northern Goshawk and Eurasian Sparrowhawk while Rough-legged Buzzard can turn up in years with good numbers of rodent. Golden Eagle is also seen from time to time along with members of the falcon family such as Common Kestrel, Merlin and Peregrine. As one would expect so far north, members of the wader family are represented with a host of species. Two of the first waders to arrive during the spring are Eurasian Oystercatcher and Northern Lapwing. Ringed Plover can be found along the coastline, often preferring the tidal areas around Skogvoll. This area can also produce resting flocks of migrating European Golden Plovers, waiting for the snow to melt in their mountain breeding areas, or continuing north. By late spring small flocks of Red Knot can be seen along with other caladris waders such as Sanderling and Dunlin. Ruff breed in the area, and if you are lucky you may see them in their breeding plumage. Two members of the snipe family have also been recorded. Common Snipe is the commonest of these while there are several observations of Eurasian Woodcock, with the species possibly breeding in suitable habitat. Both Black-tailed and Bar-tailed Godwits are seen yearly in varying numbers as are Eurasian Curlew and Whimbrel. Amongst the Tringa waders Common Redshank are the most numerous while Spotted Redshank can be seen with flocks reaching as many as twenty birds. This species is also one of the first to return south and birds can be seen migrating as early as the beginning of August. Otherwise such species as Temminck's Stint and Curlew Sandpiper have been recorded during mid/late summer as well. Common Sandpiper can be found, check wetland areas and rivers banks for this species. And lastly, there have been breeding records of Turnstone and there is always a chance of seeing Red-necked Phalarope, both along the coast or in higher breeding areas. All four species of Skua have been recorded with times of observations varying from late spring, through summer and on into late autumn. Of the four only Arctic Skua has been found breeding as far as I know. Six species of gull breed in the area. Other than that, there has been late spring observations of Iceland Gull and mid summer observations of Glaucous Gull. Black-legged Kittiwake are not uncommon in the area with an estimated 4000 pairs breeding on Bleiksy along with smaller numbers of Common Guillemot, Razorbill and 80,000 Atlantic Puffin. Short-eared Owl can usually be found with up to fourteen being counted on the 13/07/04. In areas with woodland like Forfjorden check for such species as Eurasian Wryneck and Three-toed Woodpecker, both species have been recorded during the breeding season at Andy. Check fast running streams for Norway's national bird, the White-throated Dipper or mountain habitats for Bluethroat, Northern Wheatear, Ring Ouzel, Lapland Longspur and Snow Bunting. The area has a rich birdlife, something that is reflected in the list of rarities that have been reported through the years. These include Great White Heron at Skogvoll during the early summer of 2004. A Pectorial Sandpiper during May 2003, or the Broad-billed Sandpiper during June 2004. Gulls too are well represented with late summer observations of Sabine's Gull and a winter observation of Ivory Gull. There is also winter observations of Brunnich's Guillemot as well as two of the more interesting Owls, Hawk and Great Grey Owl. Of the more interesting passerines both a summer observation of Bee-Eater and a late autumn observation of Rose-coloured Starling are well worth a mention. How to get there: The Skogvoll reserve covers a large area across the island from Dvergberg to Skogvoll. The outer coastal road is spectacular and while following it you can visit other good birding localities such as Stave and Nordmela. From Andenes, follow the coast road south. Remember most of the Skogvoll area is a nature reserve and there may be some restrictions in some areas during the breeding season. Forfjord is a recent addition to the many reserves that can be found in the region. This coniferous forests holds trees that are estimated to be a 1000 years old, the forests with dead, dying and living trees form a perfect habitat for many of the passerines tat can be found in the area. Situated on Horny, Route 82 passes the area and from here you can explore the valley and its woodlands. Lastly Bleiksy, this is the main island for seabirds and during the summer months it may be possible

to arrange boat trips out to the island. Ask at the local tourist office for information about Bleiksy and other nature reserves in the area.

Tysfjord Lying in the north of the county, Tysfjord covers an area of 1463 sq.km. This landmass stretches virtually from the coast in the west to the Swedish border in the east. Here you will find a range of habitats but in general steep high mountains and deep narrow fjords are the key words. Many nature lovers visit the area to see Killer Whales, and from the end of October there are organized trips to see these fantastic creatures. Hopefully you will see some birds as well, but you must remember, it is not the best time of the year for birding. However be on the lookout for both Red-throated Diver and Slavonian Grebe, the latter being the rarer. Shag can usually be seen throughout the year as can two of the commoner sea-duck, Common Eider and Long-tailed Duck. Being so far north, always be on the lookout for King Eider. This species has been reported. Otherwise both Common Scoter and Red-breasted Merganser have been recorded breeding and its not impossible that the species can be found during the winter months. There should be a relatively good chance of seeing White-tailed Eagle and don't forget to check for white-winged gulls. Though I have found no reference of either Iceland or Glaucous over the last few years, this no doubt reflects the lack of birders rather than the lack of gulls. The same can be said for wintering auks, very little information to be found though Black Guillemot breed in the area and are most probably resident. By spring bird numbers will be on the increase and it is really a choice of picking a habitat and checking what's about. Check lakes for some of the commoner waterfowl like Common Teal, Mallard, Tufted Duck, Common Goldeneye and Goosander. One thing that is sure to impress are some of the mountain ranges. Stetind at 1392m has been named as Norway's national mountain as one would expect this type of habitat suits species like Golden Eagle and Gyr Falcon. Other birds of prey such as Rough-legged Buzzard, Common Kestrel and Merlin can also been seen, depending on the time of the year or rodent numbers. Both Northern Capercaillie and Black Grouse can be found in suitable woodland habitat while Willow Grouse and Rock Ptarmigan prefer higher ground. Numbers of waders vary. Eurasian Oystercatcher breed on Ramnholmen while such species as European Golden Plover, Temminck's Stint, Dunlin, Ruff and Whimbrel will prefer higher breeding areas. Common Sandpiper are not uncommon along the many rivers to be found at Tysfjord and check marshlands for such species as Common Redshank and Greenshank. Though there are no large seabird colonies that one often associates with the far north of Norway there is a chance of seeing both Arctic and Long-tailed Skua. There is a small nature reserve at Ramnholmen with good numbers of Herring Gull and smaller numbers of Arctic and Common Terns. The woodlands, mountains and the small areas of farmland attract a good selection of the commoner passerine. By May both Bluethroat, Northern Wheatear and Ring Ouzel will be moving into their breeding areas while other species such as Fieldfare and Redwing will already have built nests. Many of the warblers that have been recorded at Tysfjord will also have arrived, listen out for such species as Sedge Warbler, Icterine Warbler, Lesser Whitethroat and Garden Warbler. Otherwise the pine woodlands will hold other migrants like Common Redstart and Pied Flycatcher while higher areas of Birch forests provide breeding habitat for GreatGrey Shrike, Brambling and Common Redpoll. Leaving the tree limit behind, and moving into the mountains be on the lookout for Snow Bunting. Tysfjord is worth exploring, maybe you will find the unexpected or get a new lifer, after all such species as Garganey, Snowy Owl, Hawk Owl, Three-toed Woodpecker, Siberian Tit and Siberian Jay have all been seen in this truly fantastic area.

Narvik The tidal area at Hkvikleira is of regional importance for migrating birds. This type of habitat is uncommon in the region, and combined with the surrounding areas of farmland, provides many species with an opportunity to feed and rest. Both Red and Blackthroated Diver are seen most springs while White-billed Diver, though seen during both spring and autumn is uncommon with fewer sightings. Though Great-crested Grebe has been seen twice during the last few years, this species is rarer so far north than Rednecked Grebe which has only been seen once in the area. The other grebe that has been seen is Slavonian Grebe. Great Cormorant can be seen fishing off shore, while Grey Heron prefer the waters edge or the shallow tidal pools. Though Geese are seen in the area numbers are never high, the last few years counts producing Greylag Goose, Pink-footed Goose and Canada Goose. Common Shelduck are observed regularly while the three commonest dabbling ducks are Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal and Mallard numbers however are never high. Sea-duck on the other hand can be seen in good numbers with both Black Scoter and Velvet Scoter having max counts over the past few years of a 100 birds. Red-breasted Merganser can also be seen in good numbers. White-tailed Eagle can be seen from time to time while Merlin and Peregrine are uncommon visitors. Over twenty species of wader have been recorded. The area is important for Red Knot and both Ringed Plover and Dunlin numbers can be quite high. Of the more interesting waders we can include Black-tailed Godwit, Spotted Redshank and Red-necked Phalarope. Gulls vary in numbers and both Little Gull and Glaucous Gull have been seen, proving that it is always checking the flocks. During the warmer months both Common and Arctic Terns are present. Passerines can usually be found near the surrounding farmland. Numbers are never high but the area has produced the unexpected like Lesser-spotted Woodpecker, Sedge Warbler and Reed Bunting. How to get there: Not to far from the centre of Narvik. Follow route E6 west out of Narvik. Hkvikleira is situated between Emmenes and Skjomnes. 4

Rst Many birders dream of visiting the Lofoten Islands. This group of islands are famous throughout the world for their spectacular and rugged scenery, and that the sea cliffs provide nesting sites for thousands of seabirds. Of the islands Vestvgy, Vry and Rst are the better known seabird localities. Many of the islands have visiting restrictions from the 15 April to 15 August, there are however guided boat trips out to some of the seabird colonies. At Rst, some of the better sites are Ellefsnyken, Trenyken,Hernyken,Vedy and Storfjellet, here you will find grass covered islands. On many of the islands you will find other habitats such as freshwater pools, saltmarshes and wetland areas. The area has a rich and varied birdlife, and during the past years there has been an increase in ornithological activity on the island. This has produced a number of interesting observations. Red-throated Diver used to breed in the area, numbers however seemed to have dwindled but the species can still be seen in varying numbers through most of the year. Both Black-throated Diver and Great Northern Diver have been recorded during the summer months while White-billed Diver observations seem to range from winter through to spring. Members of the grebe family are also well represented with several observations of Little Grebe, Red-necked Grebe and Slavonian Grebe during the past years. Fulmar started breeding on the islands in the 1940's and though there are not huge numbers the species is a common sight off shore and on the favoured breeding cliffs. Sea Watching can produce both Sooty and Manx Shearwater, Cory's Shearwater has also been reported as well. By late summer European Storm Petrel can be seen, an estimated 2000 pair breed in the area. The slightly larger Leach's Storm Petrel also breeds if not in such large numbers. The shallow bays and the many areas of wetland and marsh attract a good selection of waterfowl. Geese are represented with several species. Some like Bean and White-fronted are not seen every year while others like Barnacle can pass by in large flocks. Common Shelduck are seen most summers in varying numbers as are several members of dabbling ducks. Spring brings with it small flocks of Eurasian Wigeon and Common Teal. Mallard are resident while species like Gadwall, Northern Pintail, Garganey and Northern Shoveler are seen on a regular basis if only single birds or pairs. Tufted Duck breed in small numbers while Greater Scaup can turn up during spring and autumn. Both King Eider and Steller's Eider are seen most years, otherwise Long-tailed Duck, Common Scoter and Velvet Scoter are mostly seen from late autumn through winter. No species seems more at home than the White-tailed Eagle, soaring high over the seabird colonies. Golden Eagle is seen from time to time while Rough-legged Buzzard is seen most years. Both Common Kestrel and Merlin are frequent spring visitors while Gyr Falcon can turn up during both the spring and autumn movements. Peregrine can be seen through out the year. As one would expect with such a locality as Rst, waders play a major part of the area's fauna. Other than the commoner waders, a good selection of rarer species have been seen with something "good" turning up most years. Pacific Golden Plover was reported during autumn 2000 and 2001. During autumn 2003 American Golden Plover could be added to species that have been reported. Pectoral Sandpiper was recorded both in 2000 and 2003 while a single Long-billed Dowitcher was reported in 2003. Seabirds and their numbers are well documented, so I will not go into any detail here. I you need information on this drop me an e-mail. I will however mention a sighting of Sabine's Gull during autumn 2003 and a White-winged Tern during July 2001 As mentioned earlier there has been an increase in field activity, especially during the autumn months. This has resulted in several interesting passerines with such species as European Golden Oriole in 2001 and European Roller in 2002. Richard's Pipit was reported in 2001 and 2003 while Pechora Pipit was seen in 2002. Several interesting warblers have also been reported with Blythe's Reed Warbler autumn 2003 as well as a scattering of Barred Warbler and Yellow-browed Warbler the same year. Other good rarities that have been reported include the eastern form of Bonelli's Warbler in 2002 and Pine and Little Bunting in 2001. Time will tell if these observations are accepted by the rarities committee, but one thing is for sure visiting Rst during the spring or autumn can be very rewarding. How to get there: Lying 100 km from the main land Rst has good connections. There are two flights a day from Bod and one a day during the weekend. During the summer season the ferry service to Bod, Vry og Moskenes runs twice a day.

Vefsn The bird watcher that visits Vefsn soon realises that it will take more than a day to cover all the interesting habitats and birding areas. Here you will find areas of virtually untouched coniferous woodlands, both inland and along the coast. The Skjrlegda nature reserve is a good example of woodland protection. Here you will find a virtually untouched coniferous forest covering the Eiter valley. The valley stretches inland to a higher mountainous habitat that is also worth checking. The Drevjaleira nature reserve at the end of Vefsnfjord, is yet another delta complex. Formed by the river Drevja, this tidal area is the only large remaining type of this kind of habitat along the fjord. Here you will find areas of both cultivated farmland and rough grassland, while in the south you will find land-fills and industrial activity. On the east side there is a 2 km long shoreline, and within this area you will find Storra, an area consisting of several small ponds and a rich vegetation. The area is no doubt an important stopover within the region, and over 100 species have been recorded. By late spring both Red and Black-throated Divers are heading inland to their mountain breeding areas, while Slavonian Grebe prefer lowland lakes with lots of vegetation. Wildfowl are well represented with several species. Pink-footed Goose has been recorded both under the spring and autumn migrations. Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal and Mallard all breed. There has also been breeding records of Northern Pintail, though I should think that numbers vary from year to year. Northern Shoveler has also been 5

recorded but must be regarded as scarce. Of the diving ducks, Tufted Duck will be the commonest, Greater Scaup has been found and there should be a good chance of seeing Common Goldeneye. Check the fjords for Common Eider, Common Scoter and Velvet Scoter. Two members of the sawbill family, Red-breasted Merganser and Goosander can also be found. Moving onto raptors. Keep an eye open for White-tailed Eagle, they can turn up at any time of the year. Rough-legged Buzzard however is a migrant that arrives during late spring. Another mountain species to look out for is the Golden Eagle, Vefsn can boast a small population. Gyr Falcon is one of the more interesting falcons to look for and there should be a chance of seeing both Common Kestrel and Merlin during the warmer months. All five members of the grouse family that can be found in Norway have been recorded, though I should think that the visiting birder would be most interested in Hazel Hen and Northern Capercaillie. Both the Eurasian Oystercatcher and the Northern Lapwing will be the first to arrive in the spring, being closely followed by Ringed Plover, Eurasian Curlew and Common Redshank. Both European Golden Plover and Whimbrel breed in the area and may be seen in low lying areas before they move on to their mountain breeding habitat. Common Snipe and Greenshank can be found on wetland habitat like Motjnna or Fustvannet while Common Sandpiper can also be seen on the banks of rivers and streams. From May "roding" Eurasian Woodcock may be seen. The spring and autumn migrations may also produce such species as Temmink's Stint, Ruff and Wood Sandpiper. Gulls move in and out of the fjord systems, with four species being recorded. By spring both Arctic and Common Terns can be seen and there may also be a chance of Arctic Skua or Black Guillemot. Moving onto woodland habitats. Check higher areas of mountain pine forest for Hawk Owl while Tengmalm's Owl can usually be found if rodent numbers are high. Pine forests could also produce woodpeckers with Eurasian Wryneck, Great-spotted and Three-toed Woodpeckers all being recorded. By late May most of the migrants that can be found in the area should have arrived Whinchat can be found in grassland habitat while Bluethroat often prefer areas of willow scrub. Ring Ouzels can be found in more mountainous habitats while such songsters as Icterine Warbler, Blackcap, Garden Warbler and Common Whitethroat prefer low lying areas of woodland. Summer is also a good time to look for both Spotted and Pied Flycatcher. One species that is not a migrant, and is well worth looking for is Siberian Jay, this delightful member of the crow family can be quite inquisitive at times. Finch numbers vary through the year with Common Chaffinch, Brambling, Greenfinch Common Redpoll and Common Bullfinch found breeding. Both Common and Parrot Crossbill can be found, though both may be scarce if the pinecone harvest is poor. Yellowhammer can be found around farming areas while Reed Bunting prefer wetland. How to get there: Drevjaleira is situated on route E6 12 km north of Mosjoen. Follow the road to Holandsvika. There are roads down to the industrial area, and to Storora on the east side of the fjord.

TROMS

Long fjords, deep valleys and high mountains, combined with big islands along the coast make Troms county a Norway in miniature. A thousand years ago the rule of Norwegian kings and chieftains had it's borders in the northern parts of Troms. More than a third of the county's population lives in the city of Troms, the main port to the Arctic waters. The main city is situated on the Troms island, which has given the name to the city (Danish "" and Norwegian "y" means island) and the county. The origins of the name is uncertain. The latest observations are noted below.

Mlselv Stretching from the Swedish border to the Norwegian coast, Mlselv has a rich and varied birdlife and some great areas to watch them. Two of these areas are vre Dividal national park and the Mlselv delta, especially where it runs out at Malangen. I would also recommend any visiting birder to visit Dividalen Fuglestasjon. This is the local bird observatory where you will hopefully meet some of the local birders who can tell you what is about. vre Dividal national park was formed in 1970 and covers an area of 750 sq. km. Here you will find untouched areas of mountain habitat with both Pine forest and Birch woodlands. Other than the birdlife there is always a chance of seeing Norway's big four - Lynx, Wolverine, Bear and Wolf. All four mammals have been seen in the national park, though as one would expect, numbers vary and they are very shy. The Mlselv waterway system also covers a large area, though it runs through some great habitats, it is the delta which will be of most interest for the visiting birder. The delta itself is long, stretching nearly 10 km. During low tide, and periods of low rainfall large areas of sandbanks become visible. Both the delta and its surrounding habitats are worth checking. There are many lakes in the area and as soon as the ice melts both Red-throated and Black-throated Divers are moving in to their breeding grounds. Another species that has breed is Slavonian Grebe so be on the look out for that species as well. Wildfowl are represented with a good selection. Whooper Swan can be seen late into the spring while Greylag Goose can be seen during both the spring and autumn movements. Pink-footed Goose has also been recorded. Common Shelduck find their way into the area from time to time while the resident Mallards are joined by Eurasian Wigeon and Common Teal early in the spring. Other members of the dabbling duck family are in general uncommon but have been recorded. Tufted Duck can be found in varying numbers while Greater Scaup may be a little harder to find. Both Long-tailed Duck and Common Scoter have been recorded during the breeding season though I am not sure if they breed in the area. One species that does breed however is Common Goldeneye. All three species of sawbill have been recorded and there have been midsummer observations of Smew. The large areas of untouched nature that are to be found provide habitat for a selection of raptors. Though Hen Harrier has been recorded you may have a better chance of seeing one of the local Northern Goshawks or Eurasian Sparrowhawks. During good rodent years there should be Rough-legged Buzzards about and keep an eye on the skyline for Golden Eagle. Falcons too should be in the area with 4 species being recorded in the area. While the mountains will hold such species as Willow Grouse and Rock Ptarmigan you will have to visit woodland habitat for the other two members of the grouse family, Black Grouse and Capercaillie that are to be found. Several of the commoner waders are to be found, though for the visiting bird watcher I should think that Temminck's Stint and summer plumaged Ruff would be of the most interest. Red-necked Phalarope has also been recorded during the summer months. Long-tailed Skua are seen most years and have been known to breed if food is abundant. Otherwise gull and tern numbers vary on the fjords in the area. With ten species of owl recorded in the area, this is without a doubt a family group that is worth a little bit of effort. Such species as Eagle Owl, Snowy Owl and Hawk Owl are seen from time to time and there are old breeding records of Great Grey Owl. Passerines too are represented with a host of interesting species. Thanks to the birders who run the local ornithological station many new and interesting species have been added to the region's species list. Some of the more interesting include Olive-backed Pipit autumn 2001, Arctic Warbler June 2003 and a scattering of Yellow-browed Warblers over the past few years. Other than a chance of a long distance visitor, there is also the chance of one of the more interesting residents or migrants. Both Three-toed Woodpecker and Lesser-spotted Woodpecker have been recorded and by late spring Eurasian Wryneck can also be found. There is an old summer observation of Bohemian Waxwing during the breeding season, but this species must be regarded as rare outside of its Norwegian breeding range. Of the commoner migrants look out for Common Redstart and Pied Flycatcher By mid May Common Cuckoo can be heard calling and White-throated Dipper maybe all ready feeding young along the river. Check marshy areas of scrub willow for Bluethroat while Northern Wheatear and Ring Ouzel prefer higher dryer ground. Another interesting species to have been recorded is Siberian Tit, unfortunately all the observations that I have found from the last few years are from the late autumn months. The possibilities of Great Grey Shrike and Siberian Jay are better, though numbers are never high, both these species have been recorded during the breeding season. Lastly, finches and buntings. Of the more interesting we have to include Pine Grosbeak, Hawfinch and Two-barred Crossbill. The later was seen during the 2002/3 invasion while Pine Grosbeak has been recorded during the breeding season, if only on very few occasions. Two species that are seen more often are Snow and Lapland Bunting, both species can be found in mountain habitat, something of which there is plenty of at Mlselv. How to get there: There are several access routes into the vre Dividal national park and many trails that one can follow. A good map is essential. As for the delta at Mlselv. This is also a large area with several access areas and roads running on both sides of the delta. 7

FINNMARK

Finnmark is the largest and the northernmost county in Norway, and also the newest in the kingdom. The borders to Sweden, Finland and Russia were drawn after 1750. Long fjords and a vast inland plains dominates the topography. The name Finnmark means literally "the land of the Sami", and it is still true, a majority of the Sami people live there. Some of the oldest traces of stone age settlements in Norway - up to ten thousand years of age - have been found in Finnmark. For many bird watchers the dream of visiting the far north of Norway, remains just that, a dream. However, for those lucky enough to make the journey some great birding awaits them.

Alta The wetland area of Altaosen is formed by the tidal area at the end of the fjord and the river outlets of Alta and Tverrelva. The combination of habitats including mudbanks and low grasslands form a typical delta. The large island of Rrholmen dominates the area, and many of the birds to be found can be seen here. Other than wetland, there are also areas of deciduous woodlands, with Birch being the commonest species, this habitat provides habitat for such species as Willow Warbler and Brambling during the summer months. The delta itself has three main functions, providing feeding, breeding and resting areas for the many birds that pass through the area. Good numbers of Greylag Goose rest in the area during both the spring and autumn movements. Other wildfowl to be seen include such species as Eurasian Wigeon and Common Teal. These join the resident Mallard. Both Garganey and Northern Shoveler have been recorded, but these are rare species so far north. From the month of May good numbers of Tufted Duck can be seen, often resting on the sandbanks that are to be found along Tverrelva. Long-tailed Duck can be seen through the year in varying numbers, while Goodander numbers can reach peaks of 350+ birds from the autumn . Another sawbill, the Red-breasted Merganser is also frequently seen. As one would expect with any tidal area waders are well represented. From March the Eurasian Oystercatcher is returning from its southern wintering grounds with many birds stopping off at Altaosen, and a few remaining to breed. Another breeding species is the Northern Lapwing. Though this species didn't establish itself in Finnmark until the late fifties, this splendid wader is now a regular breeder. One of the most numerous small waders is the Dunlin and numbers can be as many as 1500 birds. Like all small wader flocks it's always worth checking for other species. Bar-tailed Godwit with its deep rust-red underparts is one of the more eyecatching waders that can be found with flocks of up to 300 being recorded. Black-tailed Godwit on the other hand is rare with only a few records. From May, small flocks stop to feed and rest on their way to their tundra breeding grounds. Other large waders that are regularly seen are both Eurasian Curlew and Whimbrel, the later arriving during early May. Purple Sandpiper can reach numbers of 500+ and is often seen during the winter months. One wader that is not seen in good numbers is the Broad-billed Sandpiper, though this species has been recorded it is very rare. Members of the gull family are well represented. Both Black-headed Gull and Common Gull can be seen from spring, and both species breed in the area. Both Herring Gull and Great Black-backed Gull are regular visitors and numbers can vary. Other than the gulls, Arctic Terns breeds, while Black Tern is rare and a good observation so far north.. Passerines are represented with several species. One of the most characteristic is the White Wagtail. A true spring visitor, this species breeds in the area and is not uncommon. How to get there: Getting to Alta is straight forward. Altaosen can be reached from several advantage points. For further details on how to get to the observation tower, contact the local tourist guide.

Hammerfest As expected the area holds some spectacular seabird colonies. The area also offers some spectacular nature and a range of habitats to explore. There are also boat rides out to some of the sea bird colonies during the summer months, so ask for details at the local tourist office. For those wanting to get away from the coast you could also visit Jansvannskogen and check this woodland area for passerines. Other than both Red-throated and Black-throated Diver you could always have the chance of seeing White-billed Diver as well. Fulmars breed on some of the off lying islands and both Great Cormorant and Shag are a common sight along the coast. Greylag Geese are seen most years and breed in varying numbers. Check freshwater lakes and tidal areas for dabbling ducks. Mallard are resident while species like Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal and Northern Pintail arrive in the spring. Sea-duck can be seen throughout the year in varying numbers. Both Common and King Eider have been recorded, other species to look out for include Long-tailed Duck and both Common and Velvet Scoter. Some of the fjords could also produce good numbers of Red-breasted Merganser and the larger Goosander. White-tailed Eagle is frequently seen. Other species like Rough-legged Buzzard are a bit more dependent on rodent numbers, keep an eye open for Golden Eagle as well, they are seen in the area. Other raptors to have been recorded include Merlin and Peregrine Falcon. A walk over dryer moorland habitat could produce Willow Grouse or Rock Ptarmigan, as well as waders like European Golden Plover and Eurasian Dotterel. Areas of marsh and bog are always worth checking. Common Snipe, Whimbrel and Common Redshank are just three species you may find. Also check and tidal areas you 8

come across. Eurasian Oystercatcher and Ringed Plover are regularly seen, other recorded waders include Red Knot, Dunlin, Ruff, Eurasian Curlew and Purple Sandpiper. As one would expect, there is a good selection of sea-birds to be seen and a few hours spent sea-watching should give results, if only some of the commoner species. Both Arctic Skua and Great Skua are regularly observed. Gull numbers are always good, don't forget to check for both Glaucous and Iceland Gulls. Black-legged Kitiwake are usually around in good numbers. Little Gull has also been recorded, though must be regarded as uncommon. Both Common and Arctic Tern breed in the area and the outlying islands hold such breeding species as Common Guillemot, Razorbill and Black Guillemot. Several of the commoner passerines have been recorded. By spring Meadow Pipits will have joined the resident Rock Pipits. White Wagtail should also have arrived and the call of the. Common Cuckoo can be heard. Bluethroats will be marking their territories from a suitable elevated song post while male Northern Wheatears make do with a large rock. Another species that could be singing from a large rock is Ring Ouzel. This is just one of four thrush to be found, the others being Blackbird, Fieldfare and Redwing. Check fast flowing streams for White-throated Dipper, though sometimes they can be elusive. One species that also stays well hidden at times is the Sedge Warbler, often you can only hear its churring call without seeing the bird. Other songsters that can be found include Hedge Accentor and Willow Warbler, both species are regular. Other species like Blackcap and Pied Flycatcher are not so numerous but nevertheless still been seen during the summer months. Areas with Willow and Birch could hold Brambling, and always be on the lookout for Twite as well. If you stumble on a flock of Redpoll take your time to check for Arctic Redpoll, this species is seen most years. And lastly three buntings, both Reed and Snow can be found without much effort, while Lapland Longspur just may take a little more time. How to get there: Access to Hammerfest is straight forward with route 94 running along Straumen to the tiny fishing village of Forsl. The road along Fuglenesdalen passes some interesting lakes. Once at Forsl you can do a bit of sea-watching or follow one of the many well marked paths in the area.

Hasvik Covering an area of 555 sq. Km. the island community of of Hasvik offers a welcome to all its guests. Like many regions along this stretch of coastline, Hasvik too has its seabird colonies with Andotten being the better known. The natural beauty of the area and the special light conditions that can be found have made Hasvik a popular place and many a motive has been caught on film as well as on canvas. Bird watching in unspoilt nature is a dream of many, and for the birders visiting Hasvik, the dream can come true. Unspoilt nature, a moorland lake, and the wailing cry of a Red-throated Diver. Is this the perfect start to a stay at Hasvik? Or will you spend your time exploring the areas rugged coastline? Here the sea can be cruel, but that doesn't stop both the Great Cormorant and Shag from fishing. Keep an eye open for wandering Fulmar and Northern Gannet on the coastal side of the island. Areas of freshwater should always be checked if only for Common Teal and Mallard. If you are lucky you may also see the elegant male Northern Pintail. Back on salt water, Common Eider bob around like small corks while such species Red-breasted Merganser and Goosander can be seen on both fresh and sea water. Like other stretches of the coastline, White-tailed Eagle are not uncommon. Other birds of prey to be seen on Hasvik include both Rough-legged Buzzard and Merlin. Waders are better represented with several species. Eurasian Oystercatcher are one of the commonest, their noisy call being a welcome sign that spring has at long last arrived. European Golden Plover are a long established breeding species, the same can not be said for Northern Lapwing. This species is a relative newcomer and on the increase in the county. Ringed Plover, Eurasian Curlew, Common Snipe and Common Redshank can all be found though numbers do vary. Migration periods could produce other species, Red Knot, Dunlin and Ruff have all been recorded. The seas rich fishing grounds support a host of species, some of which, like the Arctic Skua provide spectacular aerial battles when they attack unsuspecting seabirds that are returning to their nest sites. Species like Common Tern and Arctic Tern have always to be on their guard while the many Black-legged Kittiwakes and Razorbills that can be found on Andotten seem to believe that there is safety in numbers. Hasvik has also produced the unexpected like both Brunnich's Guillemot and Snowy Owl. Several Passerines have been recorded, though the island is definitely under watched. Meadow Pipit breed while both Rock Pipit and Red-throated Pipit have been seen in the breeding season. White Wagtail are amongst the first of the migrants to arrive and are quickly joined by Hedge Accentor. By mid May Common Cuckoo can be heard calling and White-throated Dipper maybe all ready feeding young if they have breed. Check areas of scrub willow for Bluethroat while Northern Wheatear prefers more open areas. Both Fieldfare and Redwing breed on the island though numbers can vary from year to year. The same can be said for Sedge Warbler while Willow Warbler seem always to be plentiful. Brambling and Redpoll are two of the commoner members of the finch family while buntings are represented by Reed and Snow Bunting. How to get there: the island can be reached by air or boat. Route 882 stretches across the island from Hasvik to Sorvaer.

Kvalsund Covering an area of 1,850 sq. km. Kvalsund offers the visiting birder a range of habitats and a varied bird life. Areas like Repparfjordbotn, needs little presentation. Formed by Repparfjordelva and two smaller rivers in the south west, the Repparfjordbotn delta is a must if you are in the area. During low tide a large shoreline becomes visible, along with several sandbanks. Where the 9

river meets the fjord there is a series of channels and small islands, some of these have a thick scrub vegetation and are always worth checking for passerines. Otherwise the vegetation surrounding the delta is sparse, consisting of areas of grassland and heather. Both Red-throated and Black-throated Diver breed in the area while White-billed Diver has been recorded. Wildfowl are represented with several species. Spring can bring with it single or small flocks of geese, Bean Goose has been recorded, otherwise Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal and Mallard can be seen in varying numbers. Other species of dabbling duck are in general uncommon, but both Northern Pintail and Northern Shoveler have been seen. Tufted Duck and Common Goldeneye are the two diving ducks most likely to be seen. Sea-duck are represented with four species. Common Eider and Long-tailed Duck are usually present, but don't forget to check for Common and Velvet Scoters. As with several other localities in the county it is not uncommon for Goosander to congregate during the autumn, with numbers reaching the hundreds. White-tailed Eagle sometimes wander along the Repparfjord while other raptors like Golden Eagle, Rough-legged Buzzard and Merlin prefer areas of open moorland. The large shoreline at Repparfjord and its surrounding wetlands are known for its wader passage. Eurasian Oystercatcher and Ringed Plover are amongst the first to arrive in the spring and can be seen along the shore. Eurasian Dotterel and European Golden Plover arrive a little later and tend to move onto moorland habitat soon after their arrival. There is a chance of small numbers of Dunlin during the warmer months. Other waders such as Temminck's Stint, Ruff and Bar-tailed Godwit can be encountered during migration though numbers vary. Both Eurasian Curlew and Whimbrel are found in the region and could turn up from the end of April. Spotted Redshank is another species that can be seen with flocks of up to 30 birds being recorded. Common Redshank, Wood Sandpiper and Turnstone no doubt breed in the area. Common Sandpiper are not uncommon and check surrounding pools for Red-necked Phalarope. Pomarine, Arctic and Long-tailed Skua are seen most years and gull numbers are usually good with even Black-legged Kittiwake straying into the fjord from time to time. Both Common and Arctic Tern breed. It is not uncommon for members of the auk family to shelter in the fjord system, numbers can be quite high with over 3000 Razorbill during May 2003. There is always a chance of seeing Black Guillemot too. Despite being so far north, the region can boast an impressive list of passerines. Great-spotted Woodpecker has been recorded while Lesser-spotted Woodpecker has been recorded breeding. Red-throated Pipit is another sought after species that can be found. White Wagtail are not uncommon and Yellow Wagtail have been recorded from time to time. Check rivers and streams for White-throated Dipper. By May Bluethroat will be singing and Northern Wheatear will have arrived. Four species of thrush can be found with Ring Ouzel possibly being of most interest. Both Willow Warbler and Sedge Warbler breed in the area while such species as Icterine Warbler, Blackcap and Northern Chiffchaff have been recorded. Both Spotted and Pied Flycatcher can be found, and keep an eye open for Common Redstart, even this species has been recorded in Kvalsund. Though only Willow Tit has been found breeding, both Long-tailed Tit and Great Tit have been seen. Eurasian Treecreeper too has been recorded. Brambling and Redpoll are the commonest of the finches and both Lapland Longspur and Snow Bunting can be found in the area. There is no doubt that Kvalsund is an interesting area, even the unexpected can turn up like a Hoopoe in 2001 and a Sabine's Gull in 2003, that if accepted by the rarities committee will be a first for the area. How to get there: Situated on the route 94 to Kvalsund and Hammerfest. Reppardfjordbotn is situated at the end of the fjord near Oldernes.

Loppa The municipality of Loppa covers an area of 695 sq. km. Bordering the Atlantic Ocean, the area not only offers some great seabird colonies, it is also the home of Finnmark's highest mountain with Svartfjellet at 1,218 m. above sea level. Loppa is also the home of Finnmark's largest glacier with ksfordkulen covering 26 sq. km. The habitat is wild and varied - just like the bird life. The main seabird colony is also called Loppa and covers the an area of 7,2 sq.km on the north westerly side of the island. Of this 2,4 sq.km is land based, consisting of a plateau and steep cliff face that drops 200m into the sea. Most of the seabirds can be found in the areas Svarthelleren and Storskardet. At Krykkjeberget, in the northerly part of the reserve, you will find a slight change in habitat. Here you will find that steep cliff faces are replaced by steep slopes, some with patches of grassland and grass covered ledges. The plateau is also covered in vegetation, a mixture of grassland and heather and a bountiful supply of Cloudberries. By the end of May all four species of Diver will be passing by. Duck numbers too will be on the increase with both Common Teal and Northern Pintail joining the resident Mallards. Common Eider will just be starting their breeding season, but still check the flocks for King Eider as this species has been recorded. It won't be long before the Long-tailed Ducks start heading to their freshwater breeding sites. Both Red-breasted Merganser and Goosander can be seen. White-tailed Eagle can be seen throughout the year while Rough-legged Buzzard is a migrant. Four species of Falcon have been recorded including Gyr. Waders are represented with the usual species. Coastal habitat and tidal areas should produce such species as Eurasian Oystercatcher, Ringed Plover, Eurasian Curlew and Common Redshank while moorland habitat should produce European Golden Plover, Whimbrel and a chance of Eurasian Dotterel. Both Ruff and Red-necked Phalarope have been recorded, so keep an eye open for these species as well. Moving on to seabirds. Arctic Skua breed in the area while Great Skua seems to be on the increase. Gull numbers on the other hand are always good with breeding Common Gull and Lesser Black-backed Gulls. Black-legged Kittiwakes number a few hundred pairs and are a typical cliff nesting specie, laying their eggs on ledges on the steepest of the cliff faces. These cliff faces are shared 10

by a host of other species Common Guillemot and Razorbill are just two of the auk family that nest in varying numbers. As with other seabird reserves, also Loppa has seen its auk colonies decrease in numbers over the years. Of the auks, it is the Atlantic Puffin that is the most numerous. As this species nests in burrows it is the grassy areas that are the most sought after, the birds returning to the same burrow year after year. With an estimated 20,000 pairs. The last members of the family is not as numerous, Black Guillemot can be found nesting along most of the sea bound side of the island and there has been winter observations of Brunnich's Guillemot. There is breeding records of both Short-eared and Tengmalm's Owl, but it is worth noting that both species are rodent specialists, and may only be found in the area when numbers of mice and lemming are high. Several Passerines have been recorded, though the area is definitely under watched. Both Meadow Pipit and Rock Pipit breed while Tree Pipit have been seen in the breeding season. White Wagtail are amongst the first of the migrants to arrive and are quickly joined by Hedge Accentor. By mid May Common Cuckoo can be heard calling and White-throated Dipper maybe all ready feeding young if they have breed. Check areas of scrub willow for Bluethroat while Northern Wheatear prefers more open areas. Both Fieldfare and Redwing breed on the island though numbers can vary from year to year. The same can be said for Sedge Warbler while Willow Warbler seem always to be plentiful. Brambling and Redpoll are two of the commoner members of the finch family while buntings are represented by Reed and Snow and Lapland Longspur. How to get there: There is daily arrivals of both the northward and southward bound coastal steamers throughout the year. Other than that you can follow route 882 to ksfjord. From here there is a local ferry to Nuvsvg where you can follow the road to Bergsfjord. To get to the seabird colonies you could ask Bergsfjord-ferie who run boat trips. However please remember that there maybe restrictions during the breeding season on the reserve.

Msy Situated furthest north-west in the county, Msy municipality is a series of five large islands and has its mainland connection on the Porsanger peninsula. In addition to the five large islands there are over 400 smaller islands and skerries, one of the most famous is Fruholmen with Europe's most northerly manned lighthouse. Otherwise it is the sea-bird colonies that will be of most interest for the visiting bird watcher with such islands as Hjelmsy, Ingy and Rolvsy. With over 2,200 stretches of freshwater in the area there is more than enough habitat for both Red and Black-throated Diver, both of which have been recorded. Both Fulmar and Northern Gannet have also been seen, so keep an eye open if you are doing any seawatching. As one would expect with an area with so many islands, both Great Cormorant and Shag are a common sight. As with the divers, many wildfowl find the areas with freshwater to their liking. Whooper Swan has been recorded and Greylag Goose is seen most years. Common Teal and Mallard are undoubtedly the commonest of the dabbling ducks though Eurasian Wigeon, Northern Pintail and Northern Shoveler have also been recorded. There should be no problem in finding Common Eider and Long-tailed Duck while Common and Velvet Scoter, though recorded, may be harder to see. Both Red-breasted Merganser and Goosander have breed in the area. Both White-tailed Eagle and Golden Eagle can be seen from time to time, otherwise look out for Rough-legged Buzzard or one of the three falcons, Merlin, Gyr and Peregrine that have been recorded in the area. The lakes and areas of wetland that I have already mentioned attract most of the commoner waders that can be found in the far north. In addition you have the waders that can be found around the coast. Two of these are Eurasian Oystercatcher and Ringed Plover. European Golden Plover is a long established breeding species, while Northern Lapwing is a relative newcomer. Some of the calidris waders to be found include both Little and Temminck's Stint as well as some of the commoner. Ruff can also be found. Black-tailed Godwit is seen most years and Bar-tailed Godwit has been recorded. Both Whimbrel and Eurasian Curlew are regular, with the later being seen in varying numbers. Wood Sandpiper and Red-necked Phalarope can be found on roadside pools while rocky stretches of the coastline could produce Purple Sandpiper and Turnstone. Both Arctic Skua and Great Skua can be found on the islands, with both species preferring the grassy plateau. Herring and Great Black-backed Gulls breed in suitable habitat, and though these species breed in good numbers, it is the numbers of Black-legged Kittiwake that impress. With an estimated 50,000 pairs it is awesome sight, and probably one of the commonest species to be found in the region. It has not however always been so. During the sixties, Common Guillemot numbered at least 100,000 pairs, and Hjelmsy was without a doubt, the home of Norway's largest colony, but all this soon changed as the species experienced a dramatic fall in numbers, and reached an all time low during 1987 when only 500 pairs were present. During the last decade numbers have been on the increase, but it will take a long time before we experience numbers like the sixties. Brunnich's Guillemot can also be found and though not as common as the Razorbill with 10,000 pair and the Atlantic Puffin with 60,000 pair, over a 1000 pair of Brunnich's can be found. Though the "stacks" are an amazing site with thousands of sea birds, don't forget to look at the base of the cliffs. Here you will most probably see Black Guillemot. Several species of passerine can be found, some of them however must be regarded as passing migrants. Four species of Pipit have been seen with Red-throated Pipit being of most interest for the visiting birder. Both Yellow and White Wagtail should be around by May as should Hedge Accentor. Horned Lark has been seen during the breeding season, but must be regarded as rare. Check areas of scrub willow for Bluethroat while Northern Wheatear prefers more open areas. Both Fieldfare and Redwing breed. Sedge Warblers are not uncommon and Willow Warbler should seen. Once again the two commonest members of the finch family

11

will be Brambling and Redpoll, while Arctic Redpoll has been seen during the summer months. Buntings are represented by Lapland Longspur, Reed and Snow Bunting. How to get there: The islands can only be reached by boat. One of the best places to arrange this is Havysund. Please remember that the island is a nature reserve and follow the local rules and regulations.

Nordkapp Like most areas along this stretch of coastline, Nordkapp also has a seabird reserve that is worth visiting. The name of the reserve is Gjesvrstappan, and includes the three islands of Storstappen, Kjerkestappe and Bukkstappen. Like most seabird colonies, it is numbers that impress, and of the three islands, it is Storstappen that holds the most breeding pairs of seabirds. The one time inhabited island has an interesting history, with the island first being mentioned in 1598. Today Gjesvrstappan is left to the birds except when the local inhabitants from Gjesvr visit the island to collect Cloudberries that grow in abundance. Cloudberries are not the only thing to be collected from the islands. The locals also keep the long tradition of collecting gull eggs alive. If you have the chance, give this local delicacy a try. Both Red-throated and Black-throated Diver have been seen in the area, though numbers are never high. During 1978 the first Fulmars were found breeding, and numbers are on the increase. Another species that is probably increasing in numbers is Europe's smallest seabird, the Storm Petrel. The species was first found breeding during 1988, but due to its nocturnal lifestyle it can be hard to see. . One species that is easier to see is the Northern Gannet. This species started breeding in the north of Norway during the seventies. The colony started in 1988 with 2 pairs and has grown to over 20 pairs today. Great Cormorant on the other hand can be found in their hundreds with Kjerkestappe being a popular place. Its smaller cousin, the Shag can also be found breeding amongst the lower rocks. Greylag Geese can usually be found in the breeding season, though numbers are never high. Common Eider on the other hand breeds in abundance. Other seaduck to watch out for include King Eider, Long-tailed Duck and Black Scoter. Moving away from wildfowl and onto birds of prey, White-tailed Eagle can be found on the islands, often causing havoc as it soars close to the breeding seabirds. Gjesvrstappan is not the best place for wader studies. Eurasian Oystercatcher can be seen around the islands while the grassy plateau can attract such species as Eurasian Curlew and the smaller Whimbrel. One species that is attracted to the plateau are Arctic Skua. Here they find perfect breeding habitat, while at the same time there are thousands of other seabirds that they can mob in the hope of snatching food. As one would expect, gull numbers are good with breeding Common Gull, Herring Gull and Great Black-backed Gull. It is however Black-legged Kittiwake that is the commonest member of the family with an estimated 5 to 10 thousand pairs. Though this species is common, it takes second place to another species when it comes to numbers. The Atlantic Puffin with an estimated 50,000 pairs far out numbers it. In fact Gjesvrstappan holds one of the largest colonies of this species in the county. Other auks to be found include 2,500 pairs of Razorbill, 600 pairs of Common Guillemot, 25 pairs of Brunnich's Guillemot. The last member of the family, the Black Guillemot can also be found. How to Get There: The islands lie roughly 15 km. west of the North Cape plateau. Access is not permitted onto the reserve between the 15 June and the 15 August. However there are bird watching trips from Gjesvr on the good ship Havsule. For more information you can contact the captain on his mobile phone. 948 04 030.

Porsanger The Porsanger region provides the visiting birder with several good localities to visit, with the emphasis on waders and numbers. Brselvosen and Viekker are two such sites. Brselvosen is situated where the mouth of the river Brs meets the fjord, and can best be described as a well developed delta consisting of three main types of habitat. The inner areas of the delta are made up of sandbanks and channels while further out, smaller islands with spread vegetation have been formed by gravel and heavier sediments carried by the river. During periods of low tide, large areas of mud banks become visible, the best areas being found in the north where they stretch for a kilometre. Here you will also find mature Alder woods, areas of cultivated habitats and a well formed shoreline. Check out Krokvatnet on the south side of the bay. This small lake is surrounded by rich vegetation and could produce some of the commoner passerines of the area. Viekker is a small lake situated a few kilometres to the south and is well worth a visit in its own right. During high tides, sea water is pressed up the stream that runs out into the fjord. When this happens the lake and areas of surrounding marsh becomes brackish, and provides rich feeding for a host of species. Looking at the two localities together, several interesting species have been recorded through the years. Whooper Swan can be seen from time to time while both Eurasian Wigeon and Common Teal can be seen in varying numbers during the warmer months. Mallards are usually to be seen while Northern Pintail breeds in the area. Northern Shoveler has also been recorded, but this species must be regarded as rare. Tufted Duck can also be found with the shallow waters of Lake Viekker providing good feeding habitat. Common Eider can be seen on the fjord while Long-tailed Duck can be found on both sea and fresh water. The river system at Brselvosen also proves popular with varying numbers of Goosander. The mud banks at Brselvosen are the best place to study waders. Eurasian Oystercatcher and Ringed Plover are amongst the first to arrive, but it isn't until Red Knot arrive that the mud banks look "crowded" with over 800+ birds. Dunlin and Bar-tailed Godwit can also be seen in relatively good sized flocks. Check the flocks of Dunlin for other species such as Little Stint and Temminck's Stint, the later breeds at other localities in the region as does the Ruff. Common 12

Snipe, Whimbrel, Eurasian Curlew, Common Redshank and Wood Sandpiper should also be found. Arctic Skua can be seen offshore while Arctic Terns may be seen near fresh water. Passerines can be well represented in the areas of Alder or in the rich vegetation around Lake Vieker. Such species as Redwing, Willow Warbler, Brambling and Redpoll should be seen, but don't forget to check for Arctic Redpoll amongst the Redpoll flocks. Also check for Bluethroat in areas of thicker vegetation. How To Get There: From Lakselv, follow the sign for Brselv. Lake Viekker is situated on the left hand side of the road a few kilometre before Brselv. Brselvosen is also situated on the left hand side of the road but this is a much larger site, with several advantage points. Follow the road into Brselv where you will find a road that leads to Veidnes. Follow this road until you can see over the delta area and the mud banks at Hestnes.

Stabbursneset - An Important Stopover For Red Knot The coastal site of Stabbursneset with the Valdak marshes is renowned for its ornithological importance. This was rightly acknowledged when Valdak was given Ramsar status as well as being a nature reserve. As such, there are restrictions that one has to follow. All access is prohibited from the 1/5 until 30/9. The marshes can however be viewed from the higher ground at Stabbursneset, this area also gives good views over the tidal mudflats and the fjord. Thousands of birds pass through this area during the spring and autumn migrations so timing is important with the months of May and June being the best. Both Red and Black-throated Divers can be seen on the fjord as can Great Cormorant. Bean Geese use the area as a stop over as does Lesser White-fronted with max counts of up to sixty birds. Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal, Mallard and Northern Pintail are amongst the commoner dabbling ducks while other species such as Gadwall, Garganey and Northern Shoveler, though recorded, must be regarded as rare. Raptors can be encountered so be on the look out for White-tailed Eagle, Rough-legged Buzzard and Peregrine. Waders are better represented, both in the amount of species and in numbers. The large areas of tidal mudflats attract such species as Eurasian Oystercatcher and Ringed Plover while Northern Lapwing prefers the more grassy areas of the marsh. Red Knot must be regarded as one of the "characteristic" species in the area with flocks of up to 60,000 birds being present at times. Other waders that can be seen include Temminck's Stint, Dunlin, Ruff, Black and Bar-tailed Godwit, Whimbrel and Wood Sandpiper. Out on the fjord, both Arctic Skua can be seen harassing the Arctic Terns while Long-tailed Skua is more numerous in good rodent years. Short-eared Owls are also on the lookout for a tasty rodent and can often be seen hunting over areas of the saltmarsh. Check areas of willow scrub for Redpoll as there may be Arctic Redpoll amongst. Other passerines that you may come across include Redwing, Brambling and Lapland Longspur. Common Eider are present through the year with a big increase during the summer when 10,000 congregate to moult. Always check for King Eider amongst the flocks that also include 3,000 Velvet Scoter and varying numbers of Long-tailed Duck and Goosander. How To Get There: Follow route E6 north from Lakselv. Valdak is about 20 kilometre. I would advice any visiting birder to start at the Stabbursnes nature museum for information on the best advantage points

Stabbursdalen After some great birding on the coast then a trip along the Stabburs valley is the nest stop. Here you will find the worlds most northernmost pine forest with some of the trees being more than 500 years old. The valley road will take you along the Lombola waterway system, through areas of pine forest and birch woodlands to the mountain habitat of the Stabbursdalen National Park. Some of the species that can be found make exploring the area well worth while with several species being of interest. Blackthroated Divers can be found on many of the lakes while such species as Northern Pintail, Velvet Scoter, Common Goldeney and Red-breasted Merganser being some of the waterfowl to be encountered. Golden Eagle can be seen soaring high, while Merlin and Gyr Falcon are usually more fast flying. Osprey can sometimes be seen fishing by the many lakes in the area. It is however the areas of woodland that hold the most interesting species. Capercaillie can be found in the pine forests while Willow Ptarmigan prefer the tree limit high up on the mountain side. Some of the more classical Scandinavian species such as Three-toed Woodpecker, Siberian Tit, Siberian Jay and Pine Grossbeak can also be seen and one finally realizes that you are birding in the arctic north when you see Bohemian Waxwing hawking insects for its young. How to get there: Once again leave Lakselv and head north on route E6. Once again I would advise you to visit the nature museum at Stabbursneset for information on the many paths that can be found in the area. If you don't want to visit the museum then there is a bridge across the River Stabbur that can be followed for 5 km or so until you reach a car park. From here there is a marked trail along the valley.

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