GPRS

1
1.1
1.2
1.3

GPRS ....................................................................................................................1
GPRS ....................................................................................................................1
GPRS ....................................................................................................................1
CSD GPRS ........................................................................................................2
1.3.1 ..............................................................................................2
1.3.2 ..............................................................................................2
1.3.3 GPRS HSCSD ................................................................................3
1.4 GPRS ..........................................................................................................5
1.4.1 GPRS ...................................................................................5
1.4.2 GPRS ............................................................................6

2 GPRS .................................................................................................1
2.1 GPRS .................................................................................................................1
3
3.1
3.2
3.3

3.4

3.5
3.6
3.7

GPRS ...................................................................................1
GPRS ....................................................................................................................1
............................................................................................................................1
....................................................................................................................1
3.3.1 .........................................................................................................2
3.3.2 .....................................................................................................5
............................................................................................................................7
3.4.1 .................................................................................................7
3.4.2 ..............................................................................................8
3.4.3 ...................................................................................................10
3.4.4 ................................................................................................10
3.4.5 ................................................................................................10
3.4.6 .......................................................................................................11
..........................................................................................................................11
GPRS ........................................................................................................13
GPRS ...............................................................................................................14
3.7.1 MS SGSN .....................................................................................14
3.7.2 SGSN HLR ....................................................................................15
3.7.3 SGSN MSC/VLR ...........................................................................15
3.7.4 SGSN EIR .....................................................................................16
3.7.5 SGSN SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC ..............................................16
3.7.6 GPRS .................................................................................17
3.7.7 GGSN HLR ...................................................................................17

4 ....................................................................................................................1
4.1 .................................................................................................................1
4.1.1 IDLE ...............................................................................................................1
4.1.2 STANDBY ......................................................................................................1
4.1.3 READY ..........................................................................................................2

GPRS

4.2 MM .....................................................................................................................2
4.2.1 MM .........................................................................................................2
4.2.2 .....................................................................................................4
4.2.3 ................................................................................4
4.2.4 MS ...............................................................................................5
4.3 SGSN MSC/VLR ...............................................................................................5
4.3.1 SGSN-MSC/VLR .................................................................................6
4.3.2 RA/LA ....................................................................................................7
4.3.3 CS .................................................................................7
4.4 MM ............................................................................................................................8
4.4.1 GPRS .....................................................................................................9
4.4.2 GPRS ...................................................................................................11
4.4.3 ..............................................................................................................13
4.5 ......................................................................................................................13
4.5.1 ..............................................................................................................13
4.5.2 ...................................................................................................14
4.5.3 GMM/SM ............................................................................15
4.5.4 .......................................................................................................15
4.6 ..................................................................................................................16
4.6.1 .......................................................................................................16
4.6.2 ...................................................................................................16
4.6.3 RA/LA ...........................................................................................19
4.6.4 ..........................................................................21
4.7 ...........................................................................................................22
4.7.1 ................................................................................................22
4.7.2 ................................................................................................22
4.8 MS ............................................................................................................23

......................................................................................................................1
4.9 ....................................................................................................................1
4.10 GPRS .............................................................................................1
4.11 ........................................................................................................2
4.12 ......................................................................................................................2
..................................................................................................................1
4.13 PDP .......................................................................................................1
4.14 ..................................................................................................................2
4.14.1 ............................................................................................2
4.14.2 PDP ........................................................................................3
4.14.3 PDP ...............................................................................................4
4.14.4 PDP ...........................................................................................5
4.15 ..................................................................................................................6
4.15.1 MS ..........................................................................................6
4.15.2 .........................................................................................8
.............................................................................................................................1
4.16 ..........................................................................................................................1
4.16.1 GTP ......................................................................................................1

ii

GPRS

4.16.2 LLC .......................................................................................................1

4.16.3 RLC ......................................................................................................1
4.17 LLC .........................................................................................................................1
4.17.1 .....................................................................................................................1
4.17.2 .....................................................................................................................1
4.17.3 .....................................................................................................................2
4.18 SNDCP ....................................................................................................................2
4.19 PPP .........................................................................................................................3
4.20 Gb ...........................................................................................................................4
4.20.1 ..................................................................................................................4
4.20.2 FR ................................................................................................................4
4.20.3 NS ................................................................................................................4
4.20.4 BSSGP ............................................................................................................4
4.21 Abis .........................................................................................................................8
4.21.1 A..................................................................................................................9
4.21.2 B..................................................................................................................9
4.21.3 C................................................................................................................10

5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

.......................................................................................................................1
HLR...................................................................................................................................1
SGSN................................................................................................................................2
GGSN...............................................................................................................................4
MS.....................................................................................................................................5
MSC/VLR..........................................................................................................................6

6
6.1
6.2
6.3

.......................................................................................................................1
IMSI...................................................................................................................................1
P-TMSI..............................................................................................................................2
NSAPI/TLLI.......................................................................................................................2
6.3.1 NSAPI....................................................................................................................2
6.3.2 TLLI....................................................................................3
PDP ................................................................................................................3
TID....................................................................................................................................3
....................................................................................................................4
............................................................................................................................4
GSN ..........................................................................................................................4
........................................................................................................................4

6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

GPRS ......................................................................................................................1
6.10 ..........................................................................................................................1
6.11 ..........................................................................................................................1
6.11.1 ..............................................1
6.11.2 ..............................................................................2
6.11.3 ..............................................................................................................2
6.12 QoS....................................................................................................3
6.12.1 ..............................................................................................................3
6.12.2 ..............................................................................................................3
6.12.3 ...........................................................................................................3

iii

GPRS

6.12.4 ...................................................................................................4
6.12.5 ...................................................................................................5
6.13 ..................................................................................................................6
6.14 ......................................................................................................................6

7 GSM ...............................................................................................1
7.1 ...................................................................................................1
7.2 ......................................................................................................1
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6

IP ........................................................................................................1
NAT PROXY.................................................................................................................1
FIREWALL........................................................................................................................1
GRE..................................................................................................................................3
DNS..................................................................................................................................3
RADIUS............................................................................................................................3
VPN...................................................................................................................................3
8.6.1 VPN ........................................................................................................3
8.6.2 VPN .....................................................................................................4
8.6.3 VPN ..........................................................................................5
8.6.4 .........................................................................................................7
8.6.5 VPN ............................................................................................................7

A ............................................................................................................................1

iv

GPRS

1GPRS

1 GPRS
1.1 GPRS
GPRSGeneral Packet Radio Service
GSM GPRS
GSM
GPRS GSM
Internet

GSMCDMA Internet
GPRS

IP

GPRS PTPPoint To Point

PTM-MPoint To MultipointPTM-GPoint To
MultipointGroupIP-M
GSM phase II+
GPRS
GPRS E-mail WWW WAP

1.2 GPRS
GSM-GPRS GSM
GSM GSM-GPRS
GPRS GSM
GPRS GSM

GPRS GPRS SGSN GPRS

GGSN

GPRS TCP/IPX.25X.75
GPRS
GPRS 1993 1997
1

GPRS

1GPRS

GPRS 2000 SMG#30GPRS

1.3 CSD GPRS

GSM GPRS

1.3.1

1.3.1

1
A

I nf o

I nf o

I nf o

1.1

1.3.2

WWW
2

GPRS

1GPRS

1.3.2

1.2

GPRS

GSM GPRS
GSM

1.3.3 GPRS HSCSD

HSCSDHigh Speed Circuit Switching Data

HSCSD GPRS GSM Phase II

HSCSD CSD
GPRS
Packet
HSCSD
GPRS
1.3.3

GPRS

1GPRS
2.1 HSCSD GPRS

HSCSD

GPRS

20

414.4kbit/s=57.6kbit/s

421.4kbit/sCS-4=85.6kbit/s

69.6kbit/s=57.6kbit/s

613.4kbit/sCS-2=80.4kbit/s

TRAUIWF

SGSNGGSN
BSC
BTSHLR MSC

QoS

HSCSD
MSC 64kbit/s MSC
64kbit/sGSM HSCSD
38.4kbit/s4 9.6kbit/s
57.6kbit/s 4 14.4kbit/s 57.6kbit/s 6
9.6kbit/s HSCSD
GPRS
HSCSD

GPRS
MS PDP
MS MS
USFUplink State Flag
MS
TFITemporary Flow Identity
GPRS HSCSD
BTS

GPRS HSCSD

GPRS

1GPRS

HSCSD
GPRS SGSN GGSN HLR
GSM GPRS

GPRS

1.4 GPRS
1.4.1 GPRS
GPRS 3G
IP GSM GSM IP GPRS
IP

GPRS
1.
GPRS GSM
GPRS GSM
IS-136 TDMA GPRS
2. Internet
GPRS Internet GPRS
Internet Internet FTP
Web Browse
E-mail GPRS
3.
GPRS

GPRS
GPRS

4.
GPRS GPRS
modem

5.

GPRS

1GPRS

1.4.2 GPRS
1.
GPRS
GPRS GPRS
SMSShort Message Service

SMS
2.
GPRS 171.2kbit/s
8 8

GSM EDGEEnhanced Data Rates for the GSM

Evolution GSM UMTS Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System

3.
GPRS GMSK
EDGE
EDGE 3G
4.
GPRS

GPRS

2GPRS

2 GPRS
2.1 GPRS
PLMN GPRS
GPRS PTPPTM
GPRS GPRS
GPRS

500

GPRS GPRS
GPRS

1.
GPRS GSM GSM

GPRS

2.
GPRS CS-1 CS-2 9.05kbit/s
13.4kbit/s RLC 100% 90%
C/I<9dB CS-1 CS-2 RLC
1/3 FEC
C/I GPRS CS-1 CS-2

CS-3 CS-4 15.6kbit/s 21.4kbit/s

RLC
CS-3 CS-4 C/I CS-4
C/I>21 C/I
Web FTP
1

GPRS

2GPRS

GPRS

GPRS GSM
GPRS
GPRS PDCH
GPRS
GPRS

GPRS

3GPRS

3 GPRS
3.1 GPRS
GPRS PLMN 3.1

R reference point
TE

MT

Gi reference point

Um

GPRS network 1

MS

PDNs or
other networks

Gp

GPRS network 2
1.1 GPRS

GPRS PLMN Um R
GPRS PLMN Gp
GPRS PLMN Gi

3.2
Gi GPRS PLMN PSPDN IP

3.3
GPRS GSM
3.3 3.3 GPRS
GPRS GSM GPRS
GSM SGSN GPRS
GGSN GPRS GPRS GSM
BSS GPRS GSM
GPRS
GPRS GGSN PSPDN X.75

GPRS

3GPRS

X.25 GPRS IP
BSS

R/S

PSTN
HLR/AUC

Um

SMS-GMSC

MSC

PCU

SS7 Network
Router

EIR

SGSN
Border
Gateway
Inter-PLMN
network

Server
Data Network
(Internet)

GGSN

GPRS
Backbone
IP based

Firewall

Firewall

Router
R

PTM-SC
GPRS
Infrastructure

Firewall

Data Network
X.25

Server

1.2 GPRS

SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
E

SM-SC
C

Gd
MSC/VLR

HLR
D

Gs

A
TE

MT
R

BSS
Um

Gn

Gc

Gr

Gb
SGSN

SGSN

PDN

GGSN
Gn

Gp

Gi
TE

Gf
EIR

GGSN
Other PLMN

Signalling Interface
Signalling and Data
Transfer Interface

2.2GPRS
1.3
GPRS

3.3.1
1. GPRS MS
(1)

TETeminal Equipment
2

GPRS

3GPRS

GPRS TE
TE
MTMobile TerminalGPRS
TE
(2)

MTMobile Terminal TE
BTS SGSN GPRS MT
GPRS GPRS TE
MT TE GPRS ModemMT TE

(3)

MSMobile Station MT TE
TE+MT
MS

A GPRS MS GSM GPRS

GPRS
GSM A
/

B GPRS MS GSM GPRS

GPRS GSM
B

C GPRS MS GSM GPRS

2. PCUPacket Control Unit

PCU BSS BSS
PCU BSC SGSN
3. SGSNService GPRS Support Node GPRS
SGSN GPRS GPRS
GSM SGSN
MS / IP GSM
VMSC SGSN

SGSN SGSN
GPRS

GPRS

3GPRS

GPRS BSSGGSNHLRMSCSMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC

SGSN GSM VLR

GPRS AttachGPRS SGSN
VLR SGSN
HLR
4. GGSNGateway GPRS Support Node GPRS
GGSN GSM GPRS
GPRS
GGSN PDP
APNAccess Point NameGGSN

IP IPX.25GGSN MS
GGSN
GPRS IP

GPRS MS
SGSN

5. CGCharging Gateway
CG SGSN/GGSN
CG GPRS GPRS

CG
SGSNGGSN

6. RADIUS

RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

Server GPRS

7. DNSDomain Name System

GPRS GGSN DNS
Internet
DNS GPRS DNS

GPRS

3GPRS

PDP APNAccess Point Name

GGSN IP
SGSN
SGSN IP

GPRS
8. BGBorder Gateway
BG GPRS SGSNGGSN
GPRS

3.3.2
1. Um
Um GPRS MS GPRS MS GPRS

2. Gb
Gb SGSN BSS GPRS Gb
SGSN PCU SGSN BSS MS

GPRS GPRS Gb
SGSN BSS

3. Gi
Gi GPRS GPRS Gi
Internet ISDN Gi /
IP IP

4. Gn
Gn GRPS PLMN SGSN SGSN
GGSN TCP/UDP GTPGPRS

5. Gs
Gs SGSN MSC/VLR Gs No.7
BSSAP+SGSN Gs MSC MS

GPRS

3GPRS

Attach/Detach/SGSN
MSC PCU MS
Gs
/
6. Gr
Gr SGSN HLR Gr 7 MAP+
SGSN Gr HLR MS HLR
GPRS SGSN SGSN
HLR HLR
SGSNSGSN
7. Gd
Gd SGSN SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC
SGSN MS SGSN
SMS_GMSC SMS_IWMSC Gd
GPRS Gd C GPRS

Gd SDCCH

8. Gp
Gp GPRS PLMN SGSN
Gn BG Border
Gateway BG
PLMN GPRS
9. Gc
Gc GGSN HLR
GGSN IMSI HLR SGSN
Gc

Gc GGSN PLMN SS7

SGSN GTP-to-MAP GGSN HLR

10. Gf
Gf SGSN EIR

GPRS

3GPRS

3.4
GPRS

3.4.1
MS MS
GPRS
Internet X.25 PLMN

GPRS
1.
ID PDP PLMN

HLR
2.

3.
QoS

4.
GPRS

5.

GPRS

GPRS

3GPRS

6.

Ga

3.4.2

DNS

1.

GPRS SGSN GGSN

SGSN GGSN PDP PDU
PDP PDU PDP PDU
2.

PLMN R
Gi
PLMN R Gi PLMN
Gp R Gi
MS GGSN

MS R

3.

GPRS PLMN
GPRS PLMN

GPRS

3GPRS

GPRS PLMN GPRS PLMN

4.
PLMN PLMN

GPRS MS
MS SGSN GGSN SGSN GGSN GPRS
PDP PDU GTP GTP GTP
TCP UDP IP GPRS IP
GTP GSN GSN PDP
5.
GPRS PLMN GPRS PLMN
5 SGSN GGSN
GGSN
Destination /source private IP addresses

MS

BTS

Application
server

BSC

Corp.
Corp.
Network
Network
GTP tunnel
SGSN

Backbone
Backbone

IPSec tunnel
GGSN

FW

FW

1.4

6.
RFC
1144
7.

GPRS PLMN RFC 1144

8. DNS
DNS SGSN/GGSN IP
9

GPRS

3GPRS

(1)
(2)

PDP MS IP APN
GGSN IP
SGSN SGSN

3.4.3
PLMN MS GPRS
GSM
SGSN MS
MS MS STANDBY
MS MS READY MS

3.4.4
MS GPRS
MS PLMN
MS

GSM 04.64

3.4.5
GPRS
GPRS GSM

(1)

Um

Um
GPRS

(2)

MS

(3)

Um-tranx

MS BSS

10

GPRS

3GPRS

MS

(4)

BSS SGSN

3.4.6
GPRS

3.5
3.5

11

GPRS

3GPRS

4.1 GPRS
Function

MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

HLR

X
X

Um

Um

12

X
X

GPRS

3GPRS

3.6 GPRS
GSM GPRS
3.62
LLC GSM

3.6
Application
IP /X.25

IP /X.25

Relay
SNDCP
LLC

SNDCP

GTP

GTP

LLC

UDP /
TCP

UDP /
TCP

Relay
RLC

RLC

BSSGP

BSSGP

IP

IP

MAC

MAC

Network
Network
Service
Service

Network
Service

L2

L2

GSM RF

GSM RF

L1bis
L1bis

L1bis

L1

L1

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

SGSN

Gn

GGSN

Gi

1.5 GPRS

GTPGPRS Tunnel ProtocolGPRS GPRS

GPRS
PDP GPRS

UDP/TCPTCP
TCP UDP
UDP

IPGPRS
SNDCPSub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol

L2
L1
NSNetwork Service BSSGP
BSS SGSN

BSSGP

Relay BSS Um Gb LLC

13

GPRS

3GPRS

PDU SGSN Gb Gn PDP PDU

LLCLogical Link Control

MAC
LLC GSM
RLC

3.7 GPRS

GPRS GPRS
PDP

3.7.1 MS SGSN
GMM/SM

GMM/SM

LLC

LLC
Relay

RLC

RLC

BSSGP

BSSGP

MAC

MAC

Network
Service

Network
Service

GSM RF

GSM RF

L1

L1bis

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

SGSN

1.6 MS SGSN

3.7.1 GPRS GMMSM

GPRS /RA/LA PDP /

14

GPRS

3GPRS

3.7.2 SGSN HLR

MAP

MAP

TCAP

TCAP

SCCP

SCCP

MTP3

MTP3

MTP2

MTP2

L1

Gr

SGSN

L1
HLR

1.7 SGSN HLR

3.7.2 MAP HLR

GPRS TCAPSCCPMTP3 MTP2 GPRS GSM PLMN

3.7.3 SGSN MSC/VLR

BSSAP+

BSSAP+

SCCP

SCCP

MTP3

MTP3

MTP2

MTP2

L1

Gs

SGSN

L1
MSC/VLR

1.8 SGSN MSC/VLR

3.7.3 BSSAP SGSN MSC/VLR

15

GPRS

3GPRS

3.7.4 SGSN EIR

MAP

MAP

TCAP

TCAP

SCCP

SCCP

MTP3

MTP3

MTP2

MTP2

L1

L1
Gf

SGSN

EIR

1.9 SGSN EIR

3.7.4 MAP SGSN EIR

3.7.5 SGSN SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC

MAP

MAP

TCAP

TCAP

SCCP

SCCP

MTP3

MTP3

MTP2

MTP2

L1

Gd

SGSN

L1
SMS-MSC

1.10 SGSN SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC

3.7.5 MAP SGSN SMS-GMSC SGSN SMSIWMSC

16

GPRS

3GPRS

3.7.6 GPRS
GTP

GTP

UDP

UDP

IP

IP

L2

L2

L1

L1
Gn

GSN

GSN

1.11 GPRS

3.7.6 GPRS GTP GPRS SGSN

GGSN SGSN SGSN
UDP GSN GSN

3.7.7 GGSN HLR

GGSN HLR GGSN HLR

GGSN SS7 GGSN HLR MAP

GGSN SS7 PLMN SS7

GSN GTP MAP GGSN
HLR

1. MAP GGSN HLR

MAP

MAP

TCAP

TCAP

SCCP

SCCP

MTP3

MTP3

MTP2

MTP2

L1

L1
Gc

GGSN

HLR

1.12 GGSN HLR MAP

1 MAP GGSN HLR

17

GPRS

3GPRS

2. GTP MAP GGSN HLR

Interworking
GTP

GTP

UDP
IP
L2
L1

UDP
IP
L2
L1
Gn

MAP

MAP

TCAP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP2
L1

TCAP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP2
L1
Gc

GGSN

GSN

HLR

1.13 GGSN HLR GTP MAP

2 GPRS GTP GPRS GGSN

GSN Interworking

GTP MAP
MAP GGSN HLR

18

GPRS

4
4.1
GPRS MM MM
MS SGSN MM

MM GPRS
SGSN MM SGSN SDB
MM MM
IMSIMM P-TMSIMSISDNRouting AreaCell identityNew
SGSN Address VLR Num
MM IDLE STANDBY READY

4.1.1 IDLE
IDLE MS SGSN MM

IDLE MS PLMN GPRS

PTM-M PTP PTM-G
GPRS MS
MS SGSN MM MS GPRS
GPRS

4.1.2 STANDBY
STANDBY MS
SGSN IMSI MM
MS PTM-M PTM-G SGSN
PTP PTM-G
MS GPRS RAGPRS
MS RA MS SGSN MS
RA MS SGSN MS STANDBY
SGSN MM
STANDBY MS PDP PDP
PDP PDP
STANDBY MS
1

GPRS

PPFPaging Proceed FlagSGSN MS

MS MS MM STANDBY
READY SGSN SGSN MM
STANDBY READY
MS MS MM
STANDBY READY SGSN MS
SGSN MM STANDBY READY
MS SGSN GPRS MM
IDLE
MS SGSN GPRS SGSN
MM PDP SGSN MM READY STANDBY
GGSN PDP
SGSN HLR MAP Cancel Location MM
PDP MM STANDBY IDLE

4.1.3 READY
READY SGSN MM STANDY
MM MS
MS PDP
GPRS MS
MS PTP PDUs PTM-M
PTM-G MS PS
SGSN
MS MM READY
MM READY MM READY MM
STANDBY READY IDLE MS GPRS

4.2 MM
4.2.1 MM
IDLESTANDBY READY
GPRS
4.2.1

GPRS

IDLE
IDLE

GPRS Attach

IDLE
IDLE

GPRS Detach

Implicit Detach
or
Cancel Location

READY

GPRS Detach
or
Cancel Location

GPRS Attach

READY

READY timer expiry

READY timer expiry
PDU transmission
or
Force to STANDBY

or
Force to STANDBY
or
Abnormal RLC condition

PDU reception

STANDBY

STANDBY

MM State Model of MS

MM State Model of SGSN

1.1

(1)

IDLE READY

GPRS AttachMS SGSN

MS SGSN MM
(2)

STANDBY IDLE

Implicit DetachSGSN MM PDP

SGSN MM PDP GGSN PDP

Cancel LocationSGSN HLR MAP

MM PDP
(3)

STANDBY READY

PDUPacket Data Unittransmission

SGSN LLC PDU
PDU receptionSGSN MS LLC PDU
(4)

READY STANDBY
3

GPRS

READY timer expiryREADY MS SGSN MM

STANDBY
Force to STANDBY STANDBY READY
SGSN STANDBY
Abnormal RLC condition RLC
SGSN MM STANDBY
(5)

READY IDLE

GPRS DetachGPRS MS MM IDLE

PDP SGSN MM PDP
GGSN PDP
Cancel LocationSGSN HLR MAP
MM PDP

4.2.2
MS SGSN
SGSN MM PDP
MS SGSN MM MM READY
MS SGSN MM STANDBY
MS LLC PDU MS SGSN MS
SGSN LLC PDU SGSN MS

MS SGSN SGSN Attach

AcceptRouting Area Update Accept
0 MS STANDBY
1

4.2.3
MS

MS MS
GSM GPRS
MS I IMSI
MS IMSI
MS GPRS

MS

MS IMSI GPRS I

GPRS

GPRS MS
IMSI /
MS IMSI GPRS II III
GPRS GPRS MS
GPRS MS

MS GPRS MS IMSI
MS
MS IMSI MS
GPRS

MS GPRS GPRS
MS GPRS
MS
MS

4.2.4 MS
MS SGSN RA
MS
MS

GPRS SGSN MM
PDP
MS READY STANDBY
SGSN PPFPaging Proceed Flag
SGSN MS MS
SGSN PPF SGSN PPF

4.3 SGSN MSC/VLR

SGSN VLR VLR SGSN SGSN
MSC/VLR GPRS
IMSI MS
GSM/GPRS

SGSN IMSI IMSI GPRS/IMSI

GPRS/IMSI
SGSN LA LA LA/RA

SGSN CS
5

GPRS

GPRS

MM

4.3.1 SGSN-MSC/VLR
Gs SGSN MSC/VLR

SGSN-MSC/VLR

IMSI/GPRS
IMSI MS GPRS
GPRS MS IMSI RA/LA/

IMSI/GPRS MS II III
I /

I II III 4.3.3 4.3.3

CSCircuit ServiceB MS GPRS
A MS
SGSN-MSC/VLR

MS VLR
MS SGSN

CS
CS
(1)

A MS
CS A MS RA RA/LA

(2)

B MS
CS B MS RA

SGSN-MSC/VLR

IMSI
GPRS

MSC/VLR A MS LA MSC/VLR
SGSN-MSC/VLR SGSN SGSN MS
RA SGSN SGSN-MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR SGSN MS MSC/VLR
SGSN-MSC/VLR

GPRS

4.3.2 RA/LA
MS IMSI GPRS
MS
I MS SGSN
SGSN
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR VLR TMSI SGSN
MS A MS CS SGSN
/B MS CS CS
C MS /

4.3.3 CS
MS GPRS GSM
I MSC/VLR SGSN MS
STANDBY MS READY

SGSN 4.3.3

MS

SGSN

BSS

MSC/VLR

1. Page
2. Paging Request
3. Paging Request
4. SABM (Paging Response)
5. SCCP Connection Request (Paging Response)

1.2 SGSN

(1)

(2)

SGSN MSC IMSITLLIVLR TMSI

MS
VLR TMSI
SGSN QoS
SGSN BSS BSSGP IMSITLLIVLR
TMSI QoS BSS MS
SGSN MS MM
MSC/VLR MS
MS MSC
VLR TMSI MSC
SGSN QoS
7

GPRS

BSS MS
SGSN BSS
BSSGP BSS

BSS BSSGP
MS BSS
VLR TMSI IMSI
MS BSS
MS
VLR TMSI IMSI
MS
CS

BSS MSCMSC

(3)

(4)

(5)

GPRS
4.3.3
2.1

GPRS

PPCH

PPCH

Gs

PCH

PCH

PACCH

NA

GPRS MS
MS
MS PDCH
PDCH MS

II

PCH

PCH

PCH MS
PCH MS PDCHMS
PCH

PCH

PPCH

PCH

III

PCH

PCCCH
PPCH MS PCH
PPCH PCH

PCH

4.4 MM
GPRS MM

GPRS

4.4.1 GPRS
MS GPRS MS READY MS SGSN
MS MM MS PDP
PDP
I GPRS MS RA/LA
IMSI
II III MS GPRS MS GSM
IMSI
MS IMSI GPRS
IMSI/GPRS P-TMSI
P-TMSI IMSI
Class C MS IMSI GPRS
GPRS IMSI
GPRS 4.4.1 GPRS/IMSI

GPRS

MS

BSS

newSGSN

old SGSN

GGSN

EIR

new
MSC/VLR

HLR

old
MSC/VLR

1. Attach Request
2. Identification Request
2. Identification Response
3. Identity Request
3. Identity Response
4. Authentication
5. IMEI Check
6a. Update Location
6b. Cancel Location
6c. Cancel Location Ack
6d. Insert Subscriber Data
6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
6f. Update Location Ack
7a. Location Update Request
7b. Update Location
7c. Cancel Location
7d. Cancel Location Ack
7e. Insert Subscriber Data
7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
7g. Update Location Ack
7h. Location Update Accept
8. Attach Accept
9. Attach Complete
10. TMSI Reallocation Complete
1.3 GPRS/IMSI

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

2 MS P-TMSI SGSN
GPRS SGSN SGSN MS IMSI
3 2 SGSN MS IMSI
4 MS MM

5
6 MS SGSN GPRS

10

GPRS

(6)

(7)
(8)

SGSN HLR MS HLR

MS SGSN
7 1 IMSI GPRS
GPRS/IMSI SGSN VLR Gs
SGSN MSC/VLR SGSN
MSC/VLR 7c 7d MSC
9 P-TMSI / TMSI MS
TMSI
10 TMSI SGSN VLR MS
TMSI

4.4.2 GPRS
GPRS/GSM GPRS MS
MM IDLE

IMSI
GPRS
IMSI/GPRS MS

MS GPRS
MS SGSN

MS IMSI GPRS
GPRS MS SGSN IMSI
GPRS GPRS MS GSM IMSI
IMSI
GPRS MS GPRS

1. MS
MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

MSC/VLR

1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request
2. Delete PDP Context Response
3. IMSI Detach Indication
4. GPRS Detach Indication
5. Detach Accept

1.4 MS GPRS
11

GPRS

MS 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

MS SGSN
GPRS SGSN GGSN PDP
TIDGGSN PDP TID
IMSI SGSN MSC/VLR IMSI
GPRS SGSN MSC/VLR GPRS
SGSN MS

2. SGSN
MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

HLR

MSC/VLR

1. Cancel Location
2. Detach Request
3. Delete PDP Context Request
3. Delete PDP Context Response
4. GPRS Detach Indication
5. Detach Accept
6. Cancel Location Ack

1.5 SGSN

SGSN 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

SGSN MS
SGSN GGSN PDP TIDGGSN
PDP TID
SGSN MSC/VLR GPRS IMSI
MS SGSN

3. HLR
MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

HLR

MSC/VLR

1. Cancel Location
2. Detach Request
3. Delete PDP Context Request
3. Delete PDP Context Response
4. GPRS Detach Indication
5. Detach Accept
6. Cancel Location Ack

1.6 HLR GPRS

HLR SGSN MM PDP

12

GPRS

HLR
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

HLR SGSN IMSI

SGSN MS
SGSN GGSN PDP TIDGGSN
PDP TID
SGSN MSC/VLR GRPS IMSI
MS
SGSN HLR IMSI

4.4.3
SGSN HLR GPRS MS MM
PDP MS SGSN
MS MM PDP SGSN
MS MM PDP
MS GPRS HLR

4.5

GPRS

GPRS

4.5.1
GPRS GSM GPRS
SGSN GPRS
GPRS SGSN
IMSIMSC/VLR SGSN MS
CS MS 4.5.1

MS

BSS

SGSN

HLR

1. Send Authentication Info

1. Send Authentication Info Ack
2. Authentication and Ciphering Request
2. Authentication and Ciphering Response
1.7

13

GPRS

(1)

(2)

SGSN HLR IMSI

HLR
RANDSRES Kc
SGSN MS RANDCKSNMS
SRES

4.5.2
1. TLLI
TLLIIMSI
TLLI MS SGSN TLLI

SGSN MS
MS
MS TLLI MS READY SGSN MS
TLLI TLLI

TLLI TLLI TLLI

SGSN MS Attach Accept Area Update Accept
TLLI MS TLLI
TLLI SGSN 2 TLLI

2. P-TMSI
P-TMSI SGSN
(1)
(2)

SGSN MS P-TMSI P-TMSIP-TMSI

RAI
MS SGSN P-TMSI

P-TMSI P-TMSI

14

GPRS

BSS

MS

SGSN

P-TMSI Reallocation Command

P-TMSI Reallocation Complete

1.8 P-TMSI

4.5.3 GMM/SM
GPRS MS SGSN GSM
MS BTS 4.5.3 LLC

MS

BTS+BSC

SGSN
Scope of GPRS ciphering
Scope ofexisting GSM ciphering

1.9

GPRS GSM 01.60 SGSN

TDMA
TDMA

4.5.4
GPRS 4.5.4 GSM
SGSN
MS

BSS

SGSN

EIR

1. IdentityRequest
1. IdentityResponse
2. CheckIMEI
2. CheckIMEI Ack

1.10

15

GPRS

(1)
(2)

SGSN MS MS SGSN

SGSN IMEI EIR IMEI IMEI

EIR SGSN IMEI IMEI

4.6

PLMN
STANDBY READY MS
READY MS

MS MM

MS

4.6.1
MS READY
MS

(1)
(2)
(3)

MS ID LLC SGSN

BSS LLC BSSGP CGI

RAC+LAC SGSN
SGSN BSSGP MS CGI MS
MM MS

4.6.2
STANDBY MS
MS RA
SGSN
SGSN RA SGSN RA RA
SGSN RA

16

GPRS

1. SGSN
SGSN 1
MS

BSS

SGSN

1. Routeing Area Update Request

2. Security Functions
3. Routeing Area Update Accept
4. Routeing Area Update Complete

1.11 SGSN

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)

MS SGSN RAI P-TMSI

BSS RAC LAC
CGI

SGSN MS MM P-TMSI
MS P-TMSIP-TMSI
P-TMSI MS PTMSI

SGSN
MS IDLE
2. SGSN
SGSN 2

17

GPRS

MS

BSS

newSGSN

oldSGSN

GGSN

HLR

1. RouteingArea UpdateRequest
2. SGSNContext Request
2. SGSNContext Response
3. SecurityFunctions
4. SGSNContext Acknowledge
5. ForwardPackets
6. UpdatePDP ContextRequest
6. UpdatePDP ContextResponse
7. UpdateLocation
8. Cancel Location
8. Cancel LocationAck
9. Insert Subscriber Data
9. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
10. UpdateLocationAck
11. RouteingAreaUpdate Accept
12. RouteingArea UpdateComplete

1.12 SGSN

(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)
(6)

(7)

MS SGSN RAI P-TMSI

BSS RAC LAC
CGI
SGSN SGSN SGSN RAITLLI PTMSI SGSN MS MM PDP

SGSN SGSN SGSN SGSN

MS MSC/VLR
SGSN MS
SGSN
SGSN SGSN SGSN
N-PDU SGSN
SGSN GGSN PDP SGSN
TID QoSGGSN PDP
TID
SGSN HLR SGSN SGSN
IMSI

18

GPRS

(8)

HLR SGSN IMSI

SGSN MM PDP
IMSI
(9) HLR SGSN IMSIGPRS
SGSN MM IMSI
(10) HLR SGSN IMSI
(11) SGSN MS MM PDP MS
P-TMSI MS P-TMSILLC PTMSI
(12) MS P-TMSILLC

4.6.3 RA/LA
MS GPRS MS IMSI
MS I
GPRS
1. SGSN RA/LA

MS

BSS

new
MSC/VLR
SGSN

HLR

old
MSC/VLR

1. Routeing Area Update Request

2. Security Functions
3. Location Update Request
4a. Update Location
4b. Cancel Location

4c. Cancel Location Ack

4d. Insert Subscriber Data
4e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
4f. Update Location Ack
5. Location Update Accept
6. Routeing Area Update Accept
7. Routeing Area Update Complete
8. TMSI Reallocation Complete
1.13 SGSN RA/LA

19

GPRS

SGSN RA/LA 1
(1)

(2)
(3)

(4)

(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

MS SGSN RAI P-TMSI

RA/LA MS IMSI
IMSI RA/LA BSS
RAC LAC (CGI)

SGSN MSC/VLR
IMSI RA/LA RA LA
SGSN VLR RAIIMSISGSN
RAI VLR VLR SGSN
SGSN
VLR HLR VLR HLR VLR
IMSI VLR HLR
VLR IMSIGSM VLR
IMSIHLR VLR
IMSI
VLR SGSN VLR TMSI
SGSN MM MS P-TMSI MS
P-TMSIVLR TMSIP-TMSI
MS P-IMSI VLR TMSI SGSN
P-TMSI VLR TMSI
SGSN VLR TMSI

2. SGSN RA/LA
SGSN RA/LA 2

20

GPRS

MS

BSS

newSGSN

oldSGSN

GGSN

new
MSC/VLR

HLR

old
MSC/VLR

1. RouteingArea Update Request

2. SGSN Context Request
2. SGSN Context Response
3. SecurityFunctions
4. SGSN Context Acknowledge
5. Forward Packets
6. Update PDP Context Request
6. Update PDP Context Response
7. Update Location
8. Cancel Location
8. Cancel LocationAck
9. Insert Subscriber Data
9. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
10. Update Location Ack
11. Location Update Request
12a. Update Location
12b. Cancel Location
12c. Cancel LocationAck
12d. Insert Subscriber Data
12e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
12f. Update LocationAck
13. LocationUpdate Accept
14. RouteingArea Update Accept
15. RouteingArea Update Complete
16. TMSI ReallocationComplete

1.14 SGSN RA/LA

4.6.4
GPRS MS B GPRS
MS RA RA SGSN
RA
IMSI GPRS MS LA
IMSI GPRS MS

I MS RA
21

GPRS

II III MS RA
LA

4.7
HLR QoS VPLMN

SGSN
HLR SGSN
PDP PDP

4.7.1
4.7.1

SGSN

HLR

1. Insert Subscriber Data

2. Insert Subscriber Data Ack

1.15

(1)

HLR SGSN IMSI GPRS

(2) SGSN GPRS HLR

PDP HLR

PDP QoS QoS

PDP MS VPLMN
VPLMN PDP

4.7.2
4.7.2

SGSN

HLR

1. Delete Subscriber Data

2. Delete Subscriber Data Ack

1.16
22

GPRS

(1)

HLR SGSN IMSIPDP

(2) SGSN HLR IMSI

PDP PDP

PDP PDP

4.8 MS
GPRS MS GSM MS GPRS
MM MS
GPRS MS

MS SGSN
MS BSS
SGSN SGSN
BSSSGSN
SGSN BSSGP PDU
BSS BSS SGSN MS
BSS MS

23

GPRS

4.9
GPRS

GPRS
GPRS GPRS

GPRS GSM GPRS

GSM GPRS

GPRS

4.10 GPRS
SGSN STANDBY MS SGSN MS
MM STANDBY READYMS
LLC SGSN MM
STANDBY READY SGSN
MS 4.10 GPRS

MS

BSS

SGSN
1. PDP PDU

2. Paging Request
3. GPRS Paging Request
4. Any LLC Frame
5. Any LLC Frame
1.1 GPRS

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

SGSN PDP PDU STANDBY

MS
SGSN MS BSS BSSGP
IMSIP-TIMSIAreaChannel NeededQosDRX
BSS P-TMSI

MS GPRS LLC MS

GPRS

(5)

MM READY

BSS LLC RAC LAC CGI LLC

SGSNSGSN LLC

MS
2 1bit
0 0
Any channel
0 1
SDCCH
1 0
TCH/FFull rate
1 1
TCH/H or TCH/F(Dual rate)

4.11
MS AB C
MS

4.12
GPRS MS DRX DRXMS
DRX SGSNSGSN
BSS
DRX

DRX/non-DRX MS DRX
DRX
Non-DRX MS non-DRX

GPRS

4.13 PDP
GPRS PTP PDP
PDP MSSGSN GGSN PDP
PDP INACTIVEACTIVE
PDP IMSI MM

1. INACTIVE
PDP PDP

PDP GGSN
PDP PDP GGSN PDP

2. ACTIVE
PDP PDP
PDP MM
STANDBY READY
PDP 2

GPRS

INACTIVE

Deactivate PDP Context

or
MM state change to IDLE

Activate PDP
Context

ACTIVE

1.1 PDP

4.14
PDP PDP
SGSN GGSN PDP
PDP PDU PTP
GPRS PDP PDP

4.14.1
MS

PDP HPLMN MS PDP

HPLMN PDP PDP HPLMN MS
PDP
VPLMN PDP PDP VPLMN MS
PDP

HPLMN PLMNVPLMN PLMN HPLMN PDP

VPLMN PDP HPLMN
IMSI 0 0

GGSN MS

GPRS

PDP MS

4.14.2 PDP
1. MS PDP
MS PDP 1
MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Activate PDP Context Request

2. Security Functions
3. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context Response
4. Activate PDP Context Accept

1.2 PDP MS

(1)

MS SGSN PDP NSAPITIPDP

APN QoSPDP
(2)
(3) SGSN MS PDP APN APN
GGSN

SGSN APN GGSN

SGSN APN GGSN PDP

TIDIMSI+NSAPI GGSN PDP
PDP PDP APN QoSTID
PDP

GGSN SGSN PDN

QoS

QoS SGSN PDP

TIDPDP BB PDP
QoS ID

QoS SGSN PDP

QoS GGSN
(4) SGSN GGSN PDP PDP
NSAPIGGSN PDP QoS
MS PDP PDP
PDP TI QoSPDP
MS GGSN

GPRS

2. PDP
PDP PDP PDP
2
(1)
(2)

(3)

(4)
(5)

GGSN PDN PDP PDU PDP PDU

HLR GPRS IMSI
HLR GPRS
IMSISGSN HLR
HLR IMSI
IMSIMAP
GGSN HLR SGSN PDU
IMSIPDP PDP SGSN GGSN PDU

SGSN MS PDP TIPDP PDP

MS PDP

MS

SGSN

HLR

GGSN
1. PDP PDU

2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS

3. PDU Notification Request

3. PDU Notification Response
4. Request PDP Context Activation
5. PDP Context Activation procedure
1.3 PDP

4.14.3 PDP
SGSN HLR PDP QoS
PDP MM

PDP
(1)
(2)

SGSN GGSN PDP TID

QoS
QoS PDP GGSN
PDP QoS SGSN PDP
TID QoS
4

GPRS

(3)
(4)

SGSN MS PDP TI QoS

MS PDP
PDP

MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Update PDP Context Request

2. Update PDP Context Response
3. Modify PDP Context Request
4. Modify PDP Context Accept

1.4 PDP

4.14.4 PDP
1. MS PDP
MS PDP 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

MS SGSN PDP TI

SGSN GGSN PDP TIDGGSN

PDP PDP SGSN
SGSN MS PDP TI

MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Deactivate PDP Context Request

2. Security Functions
3. Delete PDP Context Request
3. Delete PDP Context Response
4. Deactivate PDP Context Accept

1.5 MS PDP

2. SGSN PDP
SGSN PDP 2
(1)

SGSN GGSN PDP TIDGGSN

PDP PDP SGSN
5

GPRS

(2)

SGSN MS PDP TIMS

PDP SGSN PDP

MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Delete PDP Context Request

1. Delete PDP Context Response
2. Deactivate PDP Context Request
2. Deactivate PDP Context Accept
1.6 SGSN PDP

3. GGSN PDP
GGSN PDP 3
(1)
(2)
(3)

GGSN SGSN PDP TID

SGSN MS PDP TIMS
PDP SGSN PDP
SGSN GGSN PDP TIDGGSN
PDP PDP

MS

SGSN

GGSN

1. Delete PDP Context Request

2. Deactivate PDP Context Request
2. Deactivate PDP Context Accept
3. Delete PDP Context Response

1.7 GGSN PDP

4.15
GPRS PDP
GPRS MM PDP

4.15.1 MS
MS MM
6

GPRS

MM MS MM
READY MM STANDBY PDP
4.15.1
BSS

MS

SGSN

HLR

GGSN

PDN

2
3

1.8 MS

1.
2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

MS

P-TMSI

MM READY STANDBY
3. PDP
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

MS PDP

SGSN APN GGSN

SGSN GGSN
SGSN GGSN PDP IP

PDP
4.
MM READY 3

GPRS

MM STANDBY
3
3

4.15.2
MM PDP MS
MS MM MS
MM STANDBY MS
PDP 4.15.2
MS

BSS

SGSN

HLR

GGSN

PDN
1

2
3
4
5
6
7

1.9

1. GGSN PDP PDUGGSN PDU

1. GGSN HLR MS SGSN
2. GGSN SGSN PDU
3. RA MS MM READY
4. SGSN MS PDP
5. MS PDP
(1)
(2)

MS PDP

GPRS

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

SGSN APN GGSN

SGSN GGSN
SGSN GGSN PDP IP
PDP ACTIVE

6.
MM READY 4

GPRS

4.16
GTPLLC RLC
QoS

4.16.1 GTP
GTP TCP/IP
UDP/IPGTP

4.16.2 LLC
LLC LLC

LLC

LLC LLC
LLC LLC

LLC QoS

4.16.3 RLC
RLC RLC

4.17 LLC
LLC MS SGSN
LLC SNDCP

4.17.1
LLC TLLI TLLI 6.3NSAPI/TLLI

4.17.2
LLC MS SGSN MS SGSN
LLC MS SGSN

GPRS

LLC
LLC PTP PTM
LLC RLC/MACRF
LLC MS SGSN

4.17.3
LLC
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

SNDC LLC SN-PDU

MS SGSN LL-PDU

MS SGSN LL-PDU
LL-PDU

4.18 SNDCP
SNDCP Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol
IP/X.25
LLC
SNDCP 4.18

Signalling

SMS

Packet Data
Protocol

N-PDU
NSAPI
SNDCP

SNDC Header
NSAPI +Control

Data

LLC Header
Control

LLC Information
Data

SAPI
LLC
TLLI

1.1

4.18 SNDCP

GPRS

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

(6)

SNDC LLC
LLC LLC N-PDU
MS SGSN QoS N-PDU N-PDU
NAPI N-PDU LLC SAPI
MS SGSN
TCP/IP V.42bis

N-PDU
SNDC Primitive

SNDC Primitive

Network Layer

Compression

De-compression
SNDCP Layer

Segmentation

Reassembly

LLC Layer

LLC Primitive

LLC Primitive

1.2 SNDCP

4.19 PPP
PPP 4.19GGSN PPP
L2TP PPP PDU
Relay

Relay

PPP

R ref.
point

PPP

SNDCP

SNDCP

GTP

LLC

LLC

UDP /
TCP

Relay

RLC

RLC

BSSGP

BSSGP

L2

MAC

MAC

Network
Service

L1

GSM RF

GSM RF L1bis
Um

E.g.,
L2TP or
UDP / IP tunnel
TCP

IP

IP

IP

Network
Service

L2

L2

L2

L1bis

L1

L1

L1

Gb
1.3 PPP

GTP

Gn

Gi

GPRS

4.20 Gb
Gb
A 0
E1 1984kbit/s
GPRS Gb

4.20.1
E1T1 O&M

4.20.2 FR
FR Gb Gb
FR
GPRS Gb FR FR FR

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

FR NS

FR NS
PVC

4.20.3 NS
BSSGP PDU

4.20.4 BSSGP
BSS SGSN
BSSGP QoS
BSSGP
BSS MSSGSN BSS
1. BSSGP
(1)
(2)
(3)

SGSN BSS
SGSN BSS
SGSN BSS

GPRS

(4)
(5)

SGSN BSS
BSS MS BSS

2. BSSGP
BSSGP GPRS 2

LLC
Relay

BSSGP

RLC

BSSGP

MAC

Network
Service

Network
Service

L1

L1

BSS

Gb

SGSN

1.4 BSSGP

BSSGP Gb 2

SGSN

BSS

GMM

RELAY

GMM
RL

GSM03.64
RLC/MAC

LLC

NM

GMM

NM

GMM

BSSGP

BSSGP

GSM08.16

NM

GMM

NM

BSSGP
GSM08.16

Network service

Network service

1.5 BSSGP

BSS SGSN BSSGP BVCBSSGP BVC

BSS SGSN BSSGP BSSGP BVC
(1)
(2)
(3)

PTP BVC BSSGP

PTP BVC 0 1 BVCI
SIG BVC BSSGP BVCI 0
PTM BVC BSSGP BVCI 1

PTM BVC SIG BVC BSSGP

NSE
5

GPRS

NSE NSE NSEI BSS

NSE NSE SIG PTM PTP
NSE NSVC NSVC NSE
BSSGP LSP NSVC

NSE BSSGP SIG

BVC PTP NSE SIG

2 BSSGP PDU BVC

GPRS

5.1 BSSGP PDU BVCI

BVCI

BSSGP PDU
DL-UNITDATA

PTP

UL-UNITDATA

PTP

RA-CAPABILITY

PTP

PTM-UNITDATA

PTM

PAGING-PS

PTP SIGNALLING 1

PAGING-CS

PTP SIGNALLING 2

RA-CAPABILITY-UPDATE / RACAPABILITY-UPDATE-ACK

PTP

RADIO-STATUS

PTP

SUSPEND / SUSPEND-ACK /
SUSPEND-NACK

SIGNALLING

RESUME / RESUME-ACK / RESUMENACK

SIGNALLING

FLUSH-LL / FLUSH-LL-ACK

SIGNALLING

LLC DISCARDED

SIGNALLING

FLOW-CONTROL-BVC / FLOWCONTROL-BVC-ACK

PTP

FLOW-CONTROL-MS / FLOWCONTROL-MS-ACK

PTP

STATUS

PTPPTM SIGNALLING 3

BVC-BLOCK / BVC-BLOCK-ACK

SIGNALLING

BVC-UNBLOCK / BVC-UNBLOCK-ACK SIGNALLING

BVC-RESET / BVC-RESET-ACK

SIGNALLING

SGSN-INVOKE-TRACE

SIGNALLING

DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC

PTP

CREATE-BSS-PFC / CREATE-BSSPFC-ACK / CREATE-BSS-PFC-NACK

PTP

MODIFY-BSS-PFC / MODIFY-BSSPFC-ACK

PTP

DELETE-BSS-PFC / DELETE-BSSPFC-ACK

PTP

GPRS

(1) MS READY
BVCI=PTP
(2) READY MS A B
MS BVCI=PTP MS STANDBY
BVCI = SIGNALLING
(3) BVCI STATUA PDU

4.21 Abis
GPRS
PCUPCU RLC/MAC Gb PCU
GPRS 4.21
Um

Gb
CCU
CCU

BTS

BSC site

GSN site

PCU
Abis

CCU

BTS

BSC site

PCU

CCU

CCU

GSN site

BTS

BSC site

GSN site

PCU

CCU

Gbc
Key:

Circuit-switching function (16

or 64 kbit/s)

Packet-switching function
1.6 PCU

B C PCU PCU PCU CCU

PCU TRAU GPRS RLC/MAC
PCU PCU
PCU
BPCU BSC CBSC
GPRS

GPRS

4.21.1 A
A BSS

BSC BSC Gb

BTS

PCU BTS

BTS PCU

BTS CPU
BTS CPU
BTS
BSC Gb BSC
Abis

4.21.2 B
B BSS

BSC BSC Gb BSC

BTS

PCU BSC

BTS
Abis

BSC

CPU
CPU CPU
BSC

GPRS

4.21.3 C
C BSS

PCU PCU Gb
BSC
BTS

C
BSC BTS

(1) PCU BSC

(2) PCU

C PCU
C

10

GPRS

5
5.1 HLR
HLR GPRS IMSI
IMSI GPRS GPRS
5.1

IMSI

Password

CS

Basic Services

BS1

BS2

BS3

SS1
Status

SS1
Status

SS1
Status

Suppl. Services

GPRS

PDP1

PDP2

PDP3

Supplementary Service 2
Activation Status
1.1 GPRS

SS1
Prov

SS2
Prov

GPRS

5.1 HLR GPRS

1.1 HLR GPRS

IMSI

IMSI

MSISDN

MS ISDN

SGSN

MS SGSN SS7

SGSN

MS SGSN IP

SMS

SMS

MS GPRS

MS MM PDP SGSN

MNRG

MS SGSN SGSN GGSN

MS GPRS

GGSN

GGSN GSN IP MS
MNRG GGSN
GSN GGSN
GSN

IMSI PDP
PDP

PDP

PDP

PDP X.25PPP IP

PDP

PDP X.121

APN

DNS

QoS

QoS QoS

VPLMN

MS HPLMN APN
VPLMN APN

5.2 SGSN
SGSN STANDBY READY MS MM
PDP 5.2 MS MM

GPRS

1.2 SGSN MM PDP

IMSI

IMSI

MM

P-TMSI

P-TMSI

IMEI

MSISDN

MS ISDN

RA

SGSN MS LLC PDU

VLR

MS MSC/VLR VLR

SGSN

SGSN IP N-PDU
SGSN

Kc

CKSN

Kc

MS

SGSN

DRX

MNRG

MS HLR

NGAF

MS MSC/VLR

PPF

GPRS GPRS

SMS

SMS

HLR VLR

SMS

SMS RLC/MAC

MM PDP
PDP

PDP

PDP

PDP

PDP X.25PPP IP

PDP

PDP X.121

APN

HLR APN

APN

APN

NSAPI

GPRS

TI

GGSN GGSN IP
VPLMN

MS HPLMN APN
VPLMN APN

QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

RLC/MAC

N-PDU

MS N-PDU SNDCP

N-PDU

MS N-PDU SNDCP

SND

MS N-PDU GTP

SNU

GGSN N-PDU GTP

ID

SGSN GGSN

N-PDU MS SGSN N-PDU

5.3 GGSN
GGSN PDP 5.3 PDP PDP

GPRS

1.3 GGSN PDP

IMSI

NSAPI

MSISDN

MS ISDN

PDP

PDP X.25PDP IP

PDP

PDP X.121

PDP

APN

APN

QoS

QoS

SGSN

SGSN IP

MNRG

HLR GPRS

SGSN

SND

SGSN N-PDU GTP

SNU

SGSN N-PDUD GTP

Id

SGSN GGSN

GGSN SGSN N-PDU

5.4 MS
GPRS MS IDLESTANDBY READY
MM PDP MS MS MM
5.4

GPRS

1.4 MS MM PDP

IMSI

SIM
X

MM

IDLESTANDBY READY

P-TMSI

P-TMSI

Kc

CKSN

Kc

MS

DRX

SMS

SMS RLC/MAC

MM PDP
PDP Type

PDP X.25PPP IP.

PDP

PDP X.121

PDP

APN

APN

NSAPI

TI

QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

RLC/MAC

PCU

SGSN N-PDU SNDCP

N-PDU

SGSN N-PDU SNDCP

5.5 MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR GPRS IMSI MS SGSN 5.5
MS MSC/VLR

GPRS

5
1.5 MSC/VLR

IMSI

IMSI

SGSN

SGSN

GPRS

6
GPRS SGSN IP
SS7 SGSN HLREIR
GGSN IP GGSN Gc
HLR GGSN SS7
GGSN
GPRS MS IMSI GPRS
SGSN P-TMSI PDNMS PDN
PDP X.25/X.75 PDP
X.121 IP PDP IP IP IP
GGSN MS SGSN
APN
GGSN
MS SGSN TLLI
SGSN GGSN TID

6.1 IMSI
GSM GPRS IMSI

1. IMSI
IMSI 1

15

2
3

MNC

MCC

MSIN
NMSI
IMSI
1.1 IMSI

IMSI
(1)

MCC

GPRS

(2)

(3)

MNC
GSM PLMNMNC MCC MCC
MNC
MSIN GSM PLMN

MNC MSIN NMSI

2.
IMSI 09IMSI 15
MCC ITU
NMSI GSM
PLMN PLMN

6.2 P-TMSI
VLR SGSN
TMSIVLR SGSN TMSI
MS IMSI MS TMSI MSC
SGSN P-TMSI TMSI
SGSN TMSI

6.3 NSAPI/TLLI
/NSAPI/TLLI

TLLI MS SGSN SGSN P-TMSI

NSAPI TLLI NSAPI/TLLI

6.3.1 NSAPI
NSAPI SNDCP 6.3.1

GPRS

Signalling

SMS

Packet pata
protocol

SNDCP

NSAPI

LLC
1.2 NSAPI

X.25 IP NSAPI

6.3.2 TLLI
TLLI MS SGSN
TLLI IMSI GPRS TLLI
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Local TLLI P-TMSI

Foreign TLLI P-TMSI RA
SGSN
Random TLLI MS P-TMSI MS
TLLI
Auxiliary TLLISGSN MS

6.4 PDP
PDP MS IMSI
PDP PDP

IP IPv4 IPv6
X.121 X.25

MS
SIM PDP
PDP

6.5 TID
GSN SGSN GGSN SGSN
SGSN PDP TID IMSI NSAPIIMSI
NSAPI PDP PDP
TID GGSN GGSN SGSN
SGSN GGSN MS PDP SGSN

GPRS

TID N-PDU SGSN

SGSN

6.6

SGSN
6.6

RAC

LAI

1.3

LAI=MCC+MNC+LAC
RAIMCCMNCLACRAC

CGI=LAI+{RAC}+CI GPRSCGI RAC

6.7
GSM

6.8 GSN
GSN GPRS GSN SGSNGGSN
IP IPv4 IPv6 IP GPRS

GSN HLREIR SGSN SGSN SS7

GGSN Gc HLR GGSN SS7

6.9
APN GPRS GGSN
GGSN

APN ISP
4

GPRS

Internet
APN xxx.yyy.gprs
MNC.MCC.gprs

APN HLR
SGSN APN SGSN GGSN
GGSN HLR
SGSN HLR APN
APN GGSN PDP
PDP APN APN
GGSN
APN DNS GGSN
IP

GPRS

GPRS

GPRS
6.10
SGSN GGSN SGSN
GGSN GPRS
SGSN GGSN
PTP SGSN
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

QoS
PDP MS PDP
GPRS GPRS
MS HPLMNVPLMN

GGSN
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

PDP MS PDP
MS HPLMNVPLMN

SGSN GGSN

6.11
6.11.1

ISP

GPRS

GPRS

6.11.2

G-CDR

Ga

GGSN
Gn/Gp

Gn/Gp

GPRS

Gn/Gp
Gn/Gp

SGSN

GGSN

S-CDR
M-CDR
S-SMT-CDR
S-SMO-CDR

SGSN
1.1

6.11.2 SGSN/GGSN CDRs

CG GTP ASN.1 BER
Billing
SystemX.25
FTP FTAM
GGSN SGSN

6.11.3
GPRS S-CDRG-CDRM-CDRS-SMTCDRS-SMO-CDR
1. S-CDR G-CDR
S-CDR G-CDR S-CDR SGSN G-CDR
GGSN PDP
PDP

2. M-CDR
M-CDR GPRS

GPRS

GPRS

3. S-SMO-CDR S-SMT-CDR

6.12 QoS
QoSQuality of Serice PDP
QoS QoS

QoS GPRS
QoS
QoS PDP MS
QoS MS QoS QoS

6.12.1
GPRS 1 2 3
2 3 4
1

6.12.2
123 4
4Best Effort

6.12.3
GTPLLC RLC

GPRS

GPRS

2.1
GTP LLC LLC RLC

QoS
LLC FCS FCS
FCS

6.12.4
6.12.4 R Gi
PDP

MS
GPRS

GPRS

GPRS

1.1

1000 8kbit/s

2000 16kbit/s

4000 32kbit/s

8000 64kbit/s

16000 128kbit/s

32000 256kbit/s

64000 512kbit/s

128000 1024kbit/s

256000 2048kbit/s

6.12.5
6.12.5
R Gi
PDP
GPRS

Best Effort

GPRS

GPRS

1.2

100 0.22bit/s

200 0.44bit/s

500 1.11bit/s

1000 2.2bit/s

2000 4.4bit/s

5000 11.1bit/s

10000 22bit/s

20000 44bit/s

50000 111bit/s

10

100000 0.22kbit/s

11

200000 0.44kbit/s

12

500000 1.11kbit/s

13

1000000 2.2kbit/s

14

2000000 4.4kbit/s

15

5000000 11.1kbit/s

16

10000000 22kbit/s

17

20000000 44kbit/s

18

50000000 111kbit/s

31

Best effort.

6.13
GPRS GPRS

6.14
GPRS MS GPRS GSM

GPRS GSM
GSM
GPRS SIM GPRS SIM
6

GPRS

GPRS

GSM
GPRS SIM SIM EFKcGPRS
EFLOCIGPRS GPRS
GPRS

GPRS

7 GSM

7 GSM
7.1
MS GPRS MS GPRS
MS GPRS IMSI GPRS
MS GPRS IMSI
GPRS CS
GPRS
CS SGSN MS MT

7.2
GPRS SGSN MSC/VLR

GPRS MS
GPRS
GPRS GPRS
7.2
MS

BSS

SGSN

1. DedicatedMode Entered
2. Suspend
3. Suspend
3. Suspend Ack
4. Resume
4. Resume Ack
5. Channel Release
6. RouteingArea Update Request
1.1 GPRS

MSC/VLR

GPRS

8IP

8 IP
8.1 NAT PROXY
NAT

IP
Internet
Internet

NAT RouterISDN RouterFirewall NAT

Linux NAT NAT
NAT IP
Hacker SnoopSpoofing

Proxy Cache
Proxy Cache Internet
Proxy Firewall

NAT IP Proxy URL

NAT Proxy
Firewall NAT

8.2 FIREWALL

1.
Internet TCP/IP
IP IP
Internet IP

IP
IP

GPRS

8IP

IP

,, Internet

IP
2.
Internet
HTTPFTP

IP

Internet

Internet

3.

RPCUDP

GPRS

8IP

GUI
GSN GSN IP
IP IP

IP

8.3 GRE
GREGeneric Routing Encapsulation
IPIPXAppleTalk
IP
GRE GPRS IP
VPN
GRE IP GRE
Gi Gi GRE
GRE IP GPRS

8.4 DNS
GPRS DNS GPRS
IP
DNS IP

8.5 RADIUS
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service GSN
RADIUS
Radius DHCP

8.6 VPN
8.6.1 VPN
Virtual Private Network VPN
Virtual Private Dialup NetworkVPDN Internet
Internet
Internet

GPRS

8IP

Internet

Internet Public Data

Network PSTN

Intranet
Intranet PSTN
Internet

8.6.2 VPN
VPN 8.6.2

PSTN

Internet
POP

POP

POP

POP

1.1 VPN

PSTN ISP
POPPoint of Presence WAN

ISP

VPN VPN
Windows NT VPN
PSTN POP VPN
PSTN
ISP Access Server
VPN

GPRS

8IP

VPN
Server

P S T N /IS D N
V P N

NAS
1.2 VPN

NASNetwork Access Server

tunneling
8.6.2 PSTN ISP NAS
NAS VPN
VPN
IP VPN VPN

Internet
PSTN
tunneling NASVPN Server
(1)
(2)
(3)

Ascend3COM PPTPPoint to Point Tunneling

Protocol Windows NT 4.0
Cisco L2FLayer 2 Forwarding
Cisco
IETF Ascend Cisco 3COM
L2TPLayer 2 Tunneling Protocol

VPN
ISP NAS
NAS VPN
Internet VPN

8.6.3 VPN
VPNAccess VPN
Intranet VPN Extranet
VPN VPN
Intranet Extranet
1. Acess VPNs
Internet
ExtranetAccess VPNs
Intranet Extranet
Access VPN

GPRS

8IP

VPN Tunnel
Access VPNs client-initiated
VPN NAS-initiated VPN
(1)

VPN

POP Internet
IP

Internet

PSTN

LNS

Tunnel

1.3 Access VPNs

(2)

VPN

ISP ISP NAS

VPN
VPN ISP 1
2. Intranet Extranet VPNs
Intranet Extranet VPNs
2
VPN
VPN IP IPSecGRE
ATM

I n t e r n e t

1.3 Intranet Extranet VPN

GPRS

8IP

8.6.4

RFC 1701 Generic Routing

EncapsulationGRE IETF IP
IPSec
IPSec IP
Authentication HeaderAH
Encapsulating Security PayloadESP The Internet
Key ExchangeIKEIPSec

8.6.5 VPN

ISP VPN
VPN ISP

VPN
VPN
ISP
ISP
VPN Internet
Internet
ISP
VPN VPN
VPN

GPRS

A
A
AA

Anonymous Access

ABM

Asynchronous Balanced Mode

ACK

ACKnowledgement

ADM

Asynchronous Disconnected Mode

APN

Access Point Name

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BB

Backbone Bearer

BECN

Backward Explicit Congestion Notification

BG

Border Gateway

BSSAP+

Base Station System Application Part +

BSSGP

Base Station System GPRS Protocol

GPRS

BVC

BSSGP Virtual Connection

GPRS

BVCI

BSSGP Virtual Connection Identifier

GPRS

CCU

Channel Codec Unit

CGI

Cell Global Identification

CHAP

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

CLLM

Consolidated Link Layer Management

CLNP

Connectionless network protocol

CLNS

Connectionless network service

CNF

Confirm

CONS

Connection-oriented network service

CS

Circuit Switched

CTS

Cordless Telephony System

DCOMP

Identifier of the user data compression algorithm

used for the N-PDU

N-PDU

DE

Discard Eligibility

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DISC

DISConnect

DL

Downlink

A-1

GPRS

DM

Disconnected Mode

DNIC

Data Network Identification Code

DNS

Domain Name System

DNS

Domain Name Server

DSE

Data Switch Exchange

Enhanced GPRS

GPRS

First segment indicator bit

FECN

Forward Explicit Congestion Notification

FR

Frame Relay

FRF

Frame Relay Forum

FRMR

FRaMe Reject

GGSN

Gateway GPRS Support Node

GPRS

GMM/SM

GPRS Mobility Management and Session

Management

GPRS

GMM

GPRS Mobility Management

GPRS

Gn interface

Interface between GPRS Support Nodes (GSNs)

within a PLMN

PLMN GPRS

Gp interface

Interface between GPRS Support Nodes (GSNs)

in different PLMNs

PLMN GPRS

GPRS

General packet radio service

GRR

GPRS Radio Resources service access point

GPRS

GSN

GPRS support node

GPRS

GTP

GPRS Tunnelling Protocol

GPRS

IANA

Internet Assigned Number Authority

IC

Interexchange Carrier

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

IMGI

International mobile group identity

IND

Indication

IOV

Input Offset Value

IP

Internet protocol

IP-M

Internet protocol multicast

IP

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4

E
EGPRS
F

A-2

GPRS

IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ISP

Internet Service Provider

LAPB

Link Access Protocol Balanced

LAPD

Link Access Procedure on the D-channel

LATA

Local Access and Transport Area

LL

Logical Link

LL-PDU

LLC PDU

LLC

Logical Link Control

LLE

Logical Link Entity

LLGMM

LLC to GPRS Mobility Management service

access point

GPRS

LLM

Logical Link Management

LLME

Logical Link Management Entity

LSP

Link Selector Parameter

More bit used to indicate the last segment of NPDU

N-PDU

MAC

Medium Access Control

MAC

Medium Access Control

MNRF

Mobile station Not Reachable Flag

MNRG

Mobile station Not Reachable for GPRS flag

GPRS

MNRR

Mobile station Not Reachable Reason

MNS

Mobile Network Signalling

MS

Mobile Station

MT

Mobile Terminal

MTP2

Message Transfer Part layer 2

MTP3

Message Transfer Part layer 3

MTU

Maximum Transmission Unit

NGAF

Non-GPRS Alert Flag

GPRS

N-PDU

Network Protocol Data Unit

NS

Network Service

NSAPI

Network layer Service Access Point Identifier

NSDU

Network service data unit

NSE

Network Service Entity

A-3

GPRS

NSEI

Network Service Entity Identifier

NS-SAP

Network Service Service Access Point

NS-VC

Network Service Virtual Connection

NS-VCI

Network Service Virtual Connection Identifier

NS-VL

Network Service Virtual Link

NS-VLI

Network Service Virtual Link Identifier

NSS

Network SubSystem

PCOMP

Identifier of the protocol control information

compression algorithm used for the N-PDU

N-PDU

PCU

Packet Control Unit

PDCH

Packet Data Channel

PDN

Packet Data Network

PDP

Packet data protocol

PDU

Protocol data unit

PHF

Packet Handler Function

PLMN

Public land mobile network

PNIC

Pseudo Network Identification Code

PPF

Paging Proceed Flag

PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol

PPSN

Public Packet Switched Network

P-TMSI

Packet TMSI

TMSI

PS

Packet switched

PSDN

Packet Switched Data Network

PSPDN

Packet Switched Public Data Network

PTM

Point to multipoint

PTM-G

Point to multipoint 4 group call

PTM-M

Point to multipoint 4 multicast

PTP

Point to point

PVC

Permanent Virtual Circuit

Quality of Service

RA

Routeing Area

RAC

Routeing Area Code

RADIUS

Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

Q
QoS
R

A-4

GPRS

RAI

Routeing Area Identity

REQ

Request

RES

Response

RLC

Radio Link Control

RNR

Receive Not Ready

RR

Receive Ready

Supervisory

SABM

Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode

SACK

Selective ACKnowledgement

SAP

Service access point

SAPI

Service Access Point Identifier

SDU

Service data unit

SGSN

Serving GPRS Support Node

GPRS

SM

Short Message

SM

Session Management

SMDS

Switched Multimegabit Data Service

SM-SC

Short Message service Service Centre

SMS-GMSC

Short Message Service Gateway MSC

MSC

SMSIWMSC

Short Message Service Interworking MSC

MSC

SNDC

SubNetwork Dependent Convergence

SNDCP

SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol

SN-PDU

SNDCP PDU

SVC

Switched virtual circuit

TCAP

Transaction Capabilities Application Part

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

TE

Terminal Equipment

TIA

Telecommunications Industry Association

TID

Tunnel Identifier

TLLI

Temporary link level identity

TLLI

Temporary Logical Link Identity

TOM

Tunnelling Of Messages

TRAU

Transcoder and Rate Adaptor Unit

A-5

GPRS

UA

Unnumbered Acknowledgement

UDP

User Datagram Protocol

UDT

User Data Transfer

UI

Unconfirmed Information

UL

Uplink

UNI

User-to-Network Interface

Spare bit

X
X

A-6