1 Unit 4 ISSUES ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 4.1 Computer Crimes 4.1.

1 Watch the video entitled Hacker Outlaws and Angels (by Discovery Channels). While watching, contrast kinds of hackers and their differences. Kinds of Hackers

Differences

4.1.2

Make a summary (300 words) of the film you have watched. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

2 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4.1.3 Identify other kinds of computer crimes that you know. 1. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________ 3. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________ 5. _______________________________

3 4.1.4 Read the news article and discuss the following questions with your partner. Then, state your opinion opinions on how to solve problems dealing with computer crimes and what punishments fit such crimes. Relate it to the laws in our country.

NSA consultants son is Computer saboteur Worm came from graduate student
A court heard today how a Cornell University graduate student, Robert T. Morris Jr. (25), infected a host of government and educational computer center with a computer virus, known as a worm, which literally brought all computational activity to a halt in over 6,000 installations. Morris, the son of a prominent National Security Agency computer consultant, was sentenced for his offences yesterday. As punishment, he was required to spend no time in prison but, instead, serve three years probation, contribute 400 hours of community service, and to pay a $10,000 fine along with associated court and probation costs.

1. 2.

How serious do you think Robert Morris crime was? Do you think the punishment was a. b. c. Too severe? About right? Not severe enough?

Why? State your reasons? 3. Do you know of any similar incidents of computer hacking in Indonesia? Mention one. What did the law officer do? What was the punishment given? Was it fair enough?

4 4.1.5 Listen to the following interview of ex-hacker. Think about these questions before you listen. 1. 2. How could you hack into a system? How could you stop people hacking into a system?

Then, answer these questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What was Ralph arrested for? What does he do now? Why does he say people are too trusting? What password does he suggest for trying to get into a system? What does a firewall do? What is the advantage of a callback system? How did he start thinking about computer security? How did the police find him? How risky is credit card use on the internet?

10. What advice does he give for people intending to use credit cards over the internet? 4.2 4.2.1 Robotics Some jobs are suitable for robots; whereas some others are not. Name some jobs suitable for robots and some must be done by people. Types of jobs suitable for robots Types of jobs done by human

4.2.2

Read the text carefully. The Robotics Evolution

Many of the robots in use today do jobs that are especially difficult for human workers. These are the types of jobs that require great strength or pose danger. For example, robots are particularly useful in the automanufacturing industry where parts of automobiles must be welded together. A welding tool used by a human worker weighs about 100 pounds or more is difficult to handle. As mechanical supermen, robots may be called upon to so anything from moving heavy components between workstations on a factory floor carrying bags of cement. Spray painting is another task suited to robots because robots do not need to breathe. Unlike human painters, they are unaffected by the poisonous fumes. Robots are better at this task, not because they are faster or cheaper that humans, but because

models from biological words. The industrial arm is a classic example. Scientists have been able to model robots to imitate the vertebrate spine of a snake in order to paint the interior of automobiles. They have stimulated the muscle structure and movement of an elephants trunk in an attempt to create a robotic arm capable of lifting heavy objects. Scientists have also emulated the flexibility of an octopus where the tentacles can conform to the fragile objects of any shape and hold them with uniform, gentle pressure. A variation of this design can be used to handle animals, turn hospital patients in their beds, or lift a small child. The challenge of equipping robots with the skills to operate independently, outside of a factory or laboratory, has taxed the ingenuity and creativity of academic, military, and industrial scientists for years. Simply put, robot hands like robot legs, or

6 they work in a place where human cannot. Third in the list of useful jobs for robots in the assembly of electronic parts. Robots shine at installing chips in printed circuit boards because of a capability that robots have that people dont. a robot, once properly programmed, will not put a chip in the wrong place. This automatic accuracy is particularly valuable in this kind of industry because locating and fixing mistakes is costly. Earlier, robots were usually blind and deaf but newer types of robots are fitted with video cameras and other sensing devices that can detect heat, texture, size, and sound. These robots are used in space projects, nuclear reactor stations, and underwater exploration research. In the effort to expand the range of robotic applications, researchers are looking beyond traditional designs to examine a variety of potential eyes, or reasoning powers have a long way to go before they can approach what biological evolution has achieved over the course of hundreds of millions of years. Much more will happen in laboratories around the world before robots can be compared to natures handiwork. In the meantime, the robotics revolution is already beginning to change the kind of work that people do. The boring and dangerous jobs are now assumed by robots. By the turn of the century, more and more humans will be required for tasks that machines cannot do. There are some industrialists who hope that by the year 2000 all their employees will be knowledge workers, no longer standing on assembly lines but rather sitting at desks and computer terminals to deal with information.

7 Summarize the reasons that certain jobs and environments are suitable for robots by completing the table. Job or environment Welding Carrying components, etc. Spray painting Assembling components In nuclear reactors, underwater, etc 4.2.3 Look carefully at the table below showing past, present, and future applications of robotic systems. Discuss the questions and state your opinions about the prediction of the future applications as it is shown by the table. Domain Industry: Production (Welding, etc) Materials handling Assembly Inspection Office: Mail handler Clerk Cleaning Professional Home: Tutor Housekeeper Companion Military: Automatic Pilot Scout Soldier Pre 1990 1990s Post - 2000 Reasons

8 Ocean: Explorer Constructor Space: Stationary Observer (on Mars) Rover (on Mars) Laborer (space station and moon) : Laboratory prototype : First commercial application : Widespread commercial application 4.2.4 Identify expressions you have used for stating their prediction about something. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ____ 4.3 Other Issues on Information Technology

9 4.3.1 With your partner, browse in the internet and try to get information about other recent issues in Information Technology and summarize it. In addition to journals, magazines, and newspaper, you can try these following websites: Domestic Appliances: www.electrolux.com www.sony.uk www.merloni.com/Ariston Future Cars: www.futurecars.blogspot.com Avatars: www.pulse3d.com www.ananova.com Wearable computers: www.smartextiles.co.uk Robotics: www.robotbooks.com/Mitsubishi-robots.htm. 4.3.2 Share the information with the class. It should have these sections: 1. 2. 3. 4. Area of IT definition Technology involved hardware and software Applications Possible future developments