BIOSCIENCES 1 SUMMER 2010

MIDTERM EXAM 1

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BIOSCIENCES1 (BIO1404)

EXAM1 Summer2010 A
1)

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. 1) Organicchemistryisasciencebasedonthestudyof A) functionalgroups. B) vitalforcesinteractingwithmatter. C) carboncompounds. D) wateranditsinteractionwithotherkindsofmolecules. E) inorganiccompounds. 2) Theslightnegativechargeatoneendofonewatermoleculeisattractedtotheslightpositive chargeofanotherwatermolecule.Whatisthisattractioncalled? A) acovalentbond B) ahydrogenbond C) anionicbond D) ahydrophilicbond E) ahydrophobicbond SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion. ThefollowingquestionsrefertothemoleculesshowninFigure4.7.

2)

Figure4.7 3) Whichmoleculeisanalcohol? 3)

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. 4) Whichmoleculescontainacarbonylgroup? A) AandB B) BandC C) CandD D) DandE E) EandA SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion. 5) Whichmoleculeiswatersolublebecauseithasahydroxylfunctionalgroup? 5) 4)

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MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. 6) WhatisthepHofasolutionwithahydrogenion[H + ]concentrationof10-8 M? A) pH2 B) pH4 C) pH6 D) pH8 E) pH10 SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion. ThefollowingquestionsrefertothefunctionalgroupsshowninFigure4.6. 6)

Figure4.6 7) Whichisahydroxylfunctionalgroup? 8) Whichisafunctionalgroupthathelpsstabilizeproteinsbyformingcovalentcross-links withinorbetweenproteinmolecules? 9) Whichisacarboxylfunctionalgroup? 10) Whichisacarbonylfunctionalgroup? 11) Whichisanaminofunctionalgroup? 7) 8)

9) 10) 11)

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. 12) Differentatomicformsofanelementcontainthesamenumberofprotonsbutadifferentnumber ofneutrons.Whatarethesedifferentatomicformscalled? A) ions B) isotopes C) neutronicatoms D) isomers E) radioactiveatoms 12)

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13) IfthepHofasolutionisincreasedfrompH5topH7,itmeansthatthe A) concentrationofH + istwice(2X)whatitwasatpH5. B) concentrationofH + ishalf(1/2)whatitwasatpH5. C) concentrationofOH - is100timesgreaterthanwhatitwasatpH5. D) concentrationofOH - isone-hundredth(0.01X)whatitwasatpH5. E) concentrationofH + is100timesgreaterandtheconcentrationofOH - isone-hundredth whattheywereatpH5. 3 1 Hisaradioactiveisotopeofhydrogen.Onedifferencebetweenhydrogen-1( H)and 1
3 1

13)

14)

14)

hydrogen-3( H)isthathydrogen-3has A) onemoreneutronandonemoreprotonthanhydrogen-1. B) onemoreprotonandonemoreelectronthanhydrogen -1. C) onemoreelectronandonemoreneutronthanhydrogen-1. D) twomoreneutronsthanhydrogen-1. E) twomoreprotonsthanhydrogen-1. 15) Ifanatomofsulfur(atomicnumber16)wereallowedtoreactwithatomsofhydrogen(atomic number1),whichofthemoleculesbelowwouldbeformed? A) SH B) HSH C) H SH | H D) H | H SH | H E) HSH 16) Eachelementisuniqueanddifferentfromotherelementsbecauseofthenumberofprotonsinthe nucleiofitsatoms.Whichofthefollowingindicatesthenumberofprotonsinanatomsnucleus? A) atomicmass B) atomicweight C) atomicnumber D) massweight E) massnumber 17) Watershighspecificheatismainlyaconsequenceofthe A) smallsizeofthewatermolecules. B) highspecificheatofoxygenandhydrogenatoms. C) absorptionandreleaseofheatwhenhydrogenbondsbreakandform. D) factthatwaterisapoorheatconductor. E) inabilityofwatertodissipateheatintodryair. 15)

16)

17)

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18) Whichofthepairsofmolecularstructuresshownbelowdepictenantiomers(enantiomericforms) ofthesamemolecule? A)

18)

B)

C)

D)

E)

19) Calciumhasanatomicnumberof20andanatomicmassof40.Therefore,acalciumatommust have A) 20protons. B) 40electrons. C) 40neutrons. D) AandBonly E) A,B,andC

19)

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20) Carbondioxide(CO 2 )isreadilysolubleinwater,accordingtotheequationCO 2 +H2 O H2 CO 3 .Carbonicacid(H 2 CO 3 )isaweakacid.IfCO2 isbubbledintoabeakercontainingpure, freshly-distilledwater,whichofthefollowinggraphscorrectlydescribestheresults? A)

20)

B)

C)

D)

E)

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SHORTANSWER.Writethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachstatementoranswersthequestion. PleaserefertoFigure2.1toanswerthefollowingquestions.

Figure2.1 21) Whichdrawingdepictstheelectronconfigurationofoxygen (

16 O)? 8

21)

MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. 22) Themassnumberofanelementcanbeeasilyapproximatedbyaddingtogetherthenumberof __________inanatomofthatelement. A) protonsandneutrons B) energylevels C) protonsandelectrons D) neutronsandelectrons E) isotopes 23) Achemistwishestomakeanorganicmoleculelessacidic.Whichofthefollowingfunctional groupsshouldbeaddedtothemoleculeinordertodoso? A) carboxyl B) sulfhydryl C) hydroxyl D) amino E) phosphate 24) Acovalentbondislikelytobepolarwhen A) oneoftheatomssharingelectronsismuchmoreelectronegativethantheotheratom. B) thetwoatomssharingelectronsareequallyelectronegative. C) thetwoatomssharingelectronsareofthesameelement. D) itisbetweentwoatomsthatarebothverystrongelectronacceptors. E) thetwoatomssharingelectronsaredifferentelements. 25) Identicalheatlampsarearrangedtoshineonidenticalcontainersofwaterandmethanol(wood alcohol),sothateachliquidabsorbsthesameamountofenergyminutebyminute.Thecovalent bondsofmethanolmoleculesarenon-polar,sotherearenohydrogenbondsamongmethanol molecules.Whichofthefollowinggraphscorrectlydescribeswhatwillhappentothetemperature ofthewaterandthemethanol? A) 22)

23)

24)

25)

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B)

C)

D)

E)

26) Inasinglemoleculeofwater,twohydrogenatomsarebondedtoasingleoxygenatomby A) hydrogenbonds. B) nonpolarcovalentbonds. C) polarcovalentbonds. D) ionicbonds. E) vanderWaalsinteractions.

26)

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27) Threeorfourofthefollowingillustrationsdepictdifferentstructuralisomersoftheorganic compoundwithmolecularformulaC 6 H14.Forclarity,onlythecarbonskeletonsareshown; hydrogenatomsthatwouldbeattachedtothecarbonshavebeenomitted.Whichone,ifany,is NOTastructuralisomerofthiscompound? A)

27)

B)

C)

D)

E) Eachoftheillustrationsintheotheranswerchoicesdepictsastructuralisomerofthe compoundwithmolecularformulaC 6 H14. 28) Theatomicnumberofneonis10.Therefore,whichofthefollowingis correct aboutanatomof neon? A) Ithas8electronsinitsouterelectronshell. B) Itisinert. C) Ithasanatomicmassof10daltons. D) AandBonly E) A,B,andCarecorrect. 29) Acarbonatomismostlikelytoformwhatkindofbond(s)withotheratoms? A) ionic B) hydrogen C) covalent D) AandBonly E) A,B,andC 28)

29)

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ThefollowingquestionisbasedonFigure3.1:solutemoleculesurroundedbyahydrationshellofwater.

Figure3.1 30) Basedonyourknowledgeofthepolarityofwatermolecules,thesolutemoleculeismostlikely A) positivelycharged. B) negativelycharged. C) withoutcharge. D) hydrophobic. E) nonpolar. 31) WhatisthepHofasolutionwithahydroxylion[OH - ]concentrationof10-12M? A) pH2 B) pH4 C) pH10 D) pH12 E) pH14 32) Carbondioxide(CO 2 )isreadilysolubleinwater,accordingtotheequationCO 2 +H2 O H2 CO 3 .Carbonicacid(H 2 CO 3 )isaweakacid.RespiringcellsreleaseCO 2 .Whatpredictioncan wemakeaboutthepHofbloodasthatbloodfirstcomesincontactwithrespiringcells? A) BloodpHwilldecreaseslightly. B) BloodpHwillincreaseslightly. C) BloodpHwillremainunchanged. D) BloodpHwillfirstincrease,thendecreaseasCO 2 combineswithhemoglobin. E) BloodpHwillfirstdecrease,thenincreasesharplyasCO 2 combineswithhemoglobin. 33) Whatisthedifferencebetweencovalentbondsandionicbonds? A) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofprotonsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethe sharingofelectronsbetweenatoms. B) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofneutronsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethe sharingofelectronsbetweenatoms. C) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofelectronsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethe electricalattractionbetweenatoms. D) Covalentbondsinvolvethesharingofprotonsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethe sharingofneutronsbetweenatoms. E) Covalentbondsinvolvethetransferofelectronsbetweenatoms,andionicbondsinvolvethe sharingofneutronsbetweenatoms. 30)

31)

32)

33)

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34) About25ofthe92naturalelementsareknowntobeessentialtolife.Whichfourofthese25 elementsmakeupapproximately96%oflivingmatter? A) carbon,sodium,chlorine,nitrogen B) carbon,sulfur,phosphorus,hydrogen C) oxygen,hydrogen,calcium,sodium D) carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,oxygen E) carbon,oxygen,sulfur,calcium 35) Whichtwofunctionalgroupsarealways foundinaminoacids? A) ketoneandaldehyde B) carbonylandcarboxyl C) carboxylandamino D) phosphateandsulfhydryl E) hydroxylandaldehyde 36) Youhavetwobeakers.OnecontainsasolutionofHClatpH= 1.0.Theothercontainsasolutionof NaOHatpH=13.Intoathirdbeaker,youslowlyandcautiouslypour20mLoftheHCLand20 mLoftheNaOH.Aftercompletestirring,thepHofthemixturewillbe A) 2.0. B) 12.0. C) 7.0. D) 5.0. E) 9.0.

34)

35)

36)

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37) Whichoneoftheatomsshownwouldbemostlikelytoformacationwithachargeof +1? A)

37)

B)

C)

D)

E)

38) Amoleculeofcarbondioxide(CO 2 )isformedwhenoneatomofcarbon(atomicnumber6)is covalentlybondedwithtwoatomsofoxygen(atomicnumber8).Whatisthetotalnumberof electronsthatmustbesharedbetweenthecarbonatomandtheoxygenatomsinordertocomplete theouterelectronshellofallthreeatoms? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

38)

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39) OneofthebuffersthatcontributetopHstabilityinhumanbloodiscarbonicacidH 2 CO 3 . Carbonicacidisaweakacidthatwhenplacedinanaqueoussolutiondissociatesintoa bicarbonateion(HCO3 - )andahydrogenion(H+ ).Thus, H2 CO 3 HCO 3 - +H+ IfthepHofthebloodincreases,onewouldexpect A) adecreaseintheconcentrationofH2 CO 3 andanincreaseintheconcentrationofH 2 O. B) anincreaseintheconcentrationofH 2 CO 3 andadecreaseintheconcentrationofH 2 O. C) adecreaseintheconcentrationofHCO 3 - andanincreaseintheconcentrationofH 2 O. D) anincreaseintheconcentrationofHCO 3 - andadecreaseintheconcentrationofH 2 O. E) adecreaseintheconcentrationofHCO 3 - andanincreaseintheconcentrationofboth H2 CO 3andH2 O.

39)

Figure4.3 40) ThetwomoleculesshowninFigure4.3arebestdescribedas A) enantiomers. B) radioactiveisotopes. C) structuralisomers. D) nonisotopicisomers. E) geometricisomers. ThefollowingquestionsrefertoFigure2.3. 40)

Figure2.3 41) WhatresultsfromthechemicalreactionillustratedinFigure2.3? A) acationwithanetchargeof+1 B) acationwithanetchargeof-1 C) ananionwithanetchargeof+1 D) ananionwithanetchargeof-1 E) AandD 41)

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42) Whichofthefollowingeffectsisproducedbythehighsurfacetensionofwater? A) Lakesdontfreezesolidinwinter,despitelowtemperatures. B) Awaterstridercanwalkacrossthesurfaceofasmallpond. C) Organismsresisttemperaturechanges,althoughtheygiveoffheatduetochemicalreactions. D) Watercanactasasolvent. E) ThepHofwaterremainsexactlyneutral. 43) ThalidomideandL-dopa,shownbelow,areexamplesofpharmaceuticaldrugsthatoccuras enantiomers,ormoleculesthat

42)

43)

A) haveidenticalthree-dimensionalshapes. B) aremirrorimagesofoneanother. C) lackanasymmetriccarbon. D) differinthelocationoftheirdoublebonds. E) differintheirelectricalcharge. 44) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse? A) Atomsofthevariouselementsdifferintheirnumberofsubatomicparticles. B) Allatomsofaparticularelementhavethesamenumberofprotonsintheirnuclei. C) Theneutronsandprotonspresentinthenucleusofanatomarealmostidenticalinmass; eachhasamassofabout1dalton. D) Anatomisthesmallestunitofanelementthatstillretainsthepropertiesoftheelement. E) Protonsandelectronsareelectricallychargedparticles.Protonshaveoneunitofnegative charge,andelectronshaveoneunitofpositivecharge. 44)

Figure4.4 45) WhatisthenameofthefunctionalgroupshowninFigure4.4? A) carbonyl B) ketone C) aldehyde D) carboxyl E) hydroxyl 45)

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Figure4.1 46) ThetwomoleculesshowninFigure4.1arebestdescribedas A) opticalisomers. B) radioactiveisotopes. C) structuralisomers. D) nonradioactiveisotopes. E) geometricisomers. Refertothefollowingfiguretoanswerthefollowingquestions. 46)

47) Themoleculeshownherecouldbedescribedinchemicalsymbolsas A) CH4 . B) H2 O. C) C2 H3 . D) C4 H4 . E) CH2 O. 48) Asolutioncontains0.0000001(10 -7 )molesofhydroxylions[OH - ]perliter.Whichofthefollowing bestdescribesthissolution? A) acidic:H+ acceptor B) basic:H+ acceptor C) acidic:H+ donor D) basic:H+ donor E) neutral 49) Aminoacidsareacidsbecausetheyalwayspossesswhichfunctionalgroup? A) amino B) carbonyl C) carboxyl D) sulfhydryl E) aldehyde

47)

48)

49)

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ThefollowingquestionsrefertothestructuresshowninFigure4.5.

Figure4.5 50) Whichofthestructuresisanimpossiblecovalentlybondedmolecule? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 50)

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