Lab Report # 3

Engineering ceramics lab

6/30/2011 Submitted to: Sir Haroon Qaiser Submitted by: Omer Waqas & Tayyaba Zaman

Lab report # 3(engineering ceramics lab)

CONTENTS
1.Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. Particle Density/True Density 2.2. Bulk Density 3. Apparatus 4. Procedure 5. Observations 6. Calculations 7. Result 8. References 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5

Lab report # 3(engineering ceramics lab)

1. Abstract:
This experiment was conducted in order to determine the bulk density of powdered material through pycnometery. The bulk density of a material can further help us in determining its porosity. Porosity is further responsible for end product form and many other characteristics of ceramics.

2. Introduction:
2.1. Particle density/true density: It is the density of the particles that make up the powder. Thus it is not dependent on the degree of compaction of solid. However, a variety of definitions of particle density are available, which differ in terms of whether pores are included in the particle volume, and whether voids are included. 2.2. Bulk density: It is the mass of many particles of a material divided by the total volume they occupy. Internal pore volume, inter-particle void volume and particle volume comprises the total volume mentioned. Bulk density depends on the handling of material, thus it is not an intrinsic property. the bulk density of powders is usually reported both as "freely settled" (or "poured" density) and "tapped" density (where the tapped density refers to the bulk density of the powder after a specified compaction process, usually involving vibration of the container). Thus bulk density measures the average density of a large volume of a powder in a specific medium.

3. Apparatus:
    Pycnometer Beaker Weight Balance Silica Powder

Lab report # 3(engineering ceramics lab)

4. Procedure:
a) The balance was set to its default zero value. b) Pycnometer was then placed on the weighing balance and its mass (P) was noted. c) Then the combined mass (W) of pycnometer with sample (silica powder) in it was determined. d) Pycnometer was then completely filled with water. e) Then the combined mass (W1) of the pycnometer, sample and water was determined. f) Then pycnometer was emptied. It was then rinsed with water and dried in air. g) Pycnometer was then again completely filled with water. h) Then the combined mass (W2) of the pycnometer and water was determined using weight balance.

5. Observations:
Pycnometer Pycnometer + Sample Pycnometer + Sample + Water Pycnometer + Water 20.2 g 30.6 g 51.6 g 45.7 g

6. Calculations:
Density = [ Thus from above mentioned calculations: Density = 2.31 g/ cm3 / [(W2 P) (W1 W)]

7. Result:
Thus we came to the conclusion that silica powder will sink as its bulk density is more than twice the density of water.

Lab report # 3(engineering ceramics lab)

8. References:

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_Density http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_Density