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is 22.2 J.
Answer: A
10
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
-1
6 -1 -3 -1
efficiency of the car engine in moving the car
power output
power input
rate of usage of chemical energy
341 N 22 0 m s
34.8 x 10 J litre 2 00 x 10 litre s
0 108
10 8
Fv
.
.
.
. %
=
=
=
=
=
Answer: C
Year 5 Physics H2 Raffles Institution 2010
Common Test MCQ Answers
5
(For Internal Use Only)
11 Answer: A
The internal energy of a system can be increased with external work done on the
system.
The internal energy is the sum of a random distribution of kinetic and potential
energies associated with the molecules of the system. The potential energy of the
molecules of the system does not depend on the temperature. Hence the other
options are incorrect.
If the system is an ideal gas, option B is incorrect because its internal energy also
depends on the number of gas molecules. The internal energy of an ideal gas can be
increased by an increase in the number of molecules, without a rise in temperature.
Hence option C is incorrect. When two systems of ideal gases have the same internal
energy, one can be at a higher temperature if it has a smaller number of gas
molecules. Hence option D is incorrect.
12
2
k
k k
1 3
mean translational of monatomic molecules
2 2
The two monatomic gases X and Y are in thermal equilibirum (i.e. at the same )
mean translational of molecules of X mean translational o
E m c kT
T
E E
= < >=
=
-21
k
f molecules of Y
mean translational of molecules of X 8 0 x 10 J E . =
Answer: D
13 Answer: C
The car has varying linear velocity - its direction changes constantly with time such
that it is always tangential to its circular path.
The car has varying centripetal acceleration - its direction changes constantly with
time such that it is always pointing towards the centre of its circular motion.
The car has a constant angular velocity because the change of its angular
displacement per second is uniform.
Year 5 Physics H2 Raffles Institution 2010
Common Test MCQ Answers
6
(For Internal Use Only)
14 The frictional force between the road surface and the tires of the car
provides the centripetal force for the car to go around a corner
If is the maximum frictional force for the car (of mass )
max
f
f m
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
to go round a
circle of radius , and its maximum speed without skidding, we have
1
18
2
max
max
max
max max
max max
wet wet
max max
dry dry
max
wet
max max
wet dry
max
dry
r v
v
f m
r
f v
f v
f v
f
v v
f
=
=
=
=
( )
-1
-1
m s
12 7 m s . =
Answer: D
15
2
Let be the normal force acting on the marble at the bottom of the bowl.
Apply Newton's 2nd law to the marble when it is at the bottom of bowl:
.......... (1)
where is speed of the marble th
N
v
N mg m
R
v
=
2
2
2
ere.
Conservation of mechanical energy:
1
2
or 2 .......... (2)
Substitute (2) into (1):
2 3
mgR mv
v gR
v
N m mg mg mg mg
R
=
=
= + = + =
Answer: C
1
Suggested Solutions to 2010 Year 5 Common Test
Section A
1 D 6 B 11 A
2 C 7 C 12 D
3 B 8 D 13 C
4 C 9 A 14 D
5 A 10 C 15 C
Section B
16 (a) (i)
Mean value of t =
0.47 0.44 0.48 0.46
0.46
4
+ + +
= s
(0.46 0.02) s
(ii)
= = =
2
2 2
2 2 0.982
9.28 m s
0.46
H
g
t
= +
= +
=
2
0.001 0.02
2
0.982 0.46
0.08797
g H t
g H t
=
2
0.08797 9.28 = 0.8 m s (1 s.f.) g
g = (9.3 0.8) m s
2
(b) (i) Systematic errors produce results that differ from the true value by a fixed
positive amount (or negative amount).
(ii) Scatter in the points about the best fit line.
(iii) Drawing a best fit line through many points is a form of averaging the results
obtained from a number of trials and finding an average minimizes random
errors.
(iv)
x
x
x
x
x
x
H x
t
0
Either curve
2
COMMENTS:
(a)(i) Many students did not score this mark because they fail to consider the fluctuation in the
readings. The uncertainty should be half the range of the readings.
(a)(ii) Some students did not include the fractional uncertainty of H in their calculations and were
not awarded full credit. Error carried forward (ECF) from (a)(i) was allowed.
Part (b) was generally poorly done. For parts (i) (iii), many did not answer the crux of the
questions and did not obtain the one mark allotted.
(b)(i) Many students did not mention that the error is fixed in magnitude and will cause all
readings to be higher (or lower) than the true value.
(b)(ii) Many answers did not make any reference to the scatter around the best fit line but
vaguely refer to a true or mean value. Also, answers such as Not all the points lie on the
straight line seem to suggest there are anomalous results and are not awarded the
mark. Answers such as the points do not follow (or form) a straight line is not true of the
data shown.
(b)(iii) Many regurgitated the following and are deemed not to have answered the crux of the
question: Random errors tend to cancel out and the residual error spread out over all
the readings.
Other common mistakes are:
1. The best fit line averages the random errors or is the average of the random errors.
2. The best fit line cancels out the points on both sides of the line.
3. It is the average of a reading. (Vague as to what it and a reading refer to.)
(b)(iv) Many students did not draw the graph on Fig. 16.2 and was not awarded the mark even
when the shape of the curve is acceptable because it was not possible to judge if the
initial gradient of the curve drawn is the same as that of the given line.
3
17 (a) 45
o
(b)
= +
=
= +
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
1
1
" "
2
4.00 (cos45 ) (1)
1
" "
2
1
0 (sin45 )
2
2
(sin45 ) (2)
(2)int (1)
2
4.00 (cos45 )[ (sin45 )]
6.26 m s
x x x
o
y y y
o
o
o o
s u t a t
u t
s u t a t
u t gt
t u
g
o
u u
g
u
(c)
= +
=
=
2 2
2
" 2 "
0 (6.26sin45 ) 2(9.81)
0.999m
y y y y
o
y
y
v u a s
s
s
(d) In reality, air resistance cannot be neglected. State and explain whether the time of
flight for the upward motion is longer, shorter or equal to the time of flight for the
downward motion, in the presence of air resistance.
The time of flight for the upwards motion is shorter than the downwards
motion.
On the upward journey, the vertical component of the drag force and the gravitational
force of the Earth both acts in the same direction (downwards), while on the
downward journey, the vertical component of the drag force and the gravitational
force of the Earth acts in the opposite direction. Hence the net retarding deceleration
on the object on the way up is larger than the net acceleration on the way down, at
the same vertical position.
As the vertical distance travelled is the same, this means that the average speed for
the upwards journey is larger than the average speed for the downwards journey.
Thus the time taken for upward journey is less than the time taken for downward
journey.
Alternative approach
In the presence of air resistance, work will be done against air resistance
throughout the whole journey. At the same vertical height, the rubber band
will have greater kinetic energy on the upward journey than the downward
journey, since more work is lost to air resistance on the downward journey.
This means that the average speed for the upwards journey is larger than the
average speed for the downwards journey. Thus the time taken for upward journey is
less than the time taken for downward journey.
4
COMMENTS:
(b) All workings must be shown, and all steps clearly explained. Marks will be deducted if one
used the formulas
2
sin2 u
s
g
= or
2 sin u
t
g
, .. solving, get
2
1
1.1
9
a g m s
= =
Substitute back into either eqn, get 9.0 m kg =
COMMENTS:
On the whole the question was poorly done. Not many could write the statement of Newtons
second law correctly. For the derivation of F = ma , many students did not state that its for a
body of constant mass. For part (b) (i) its not correct to say that mass is the amount of
matter, or number of molecules in the body. The physics definition for mass is inertia of the
body. Weight is the gravitational force on the surface of the earth. Part (b) (ii) was also badly
done because students did not understand that a reading of 10 kg on the spring balance means
an apparent weight of 10g N which is equal to (10 x 9.81) N.
5
19 (a) The principle of conservation of momentum states that when bodies in a system
interact, the total momentum remains constant, provided no net external force acts on
the system.
(b) (i) By the principle of conservation of momentum,
Total initial momentum of person & ball = Final momentum of person + Final
momentum of ball
0 = m
A
v
A
+ m
ball
v
ball
0 = (70.0) v
A
+ (2.0) (11.6)
v
A
= 0.331 m s
-1
to the left
[direction must be clearly stated/indicated in the answer]
(ii) Initial momentum of person B + initial momentum of ball = Total final
momentum of person & ball
0 + m
ball
v
ball
= (m
b
+m
ball
)
v
(2.0)(11.6) = (75.0 + 2.0) v
v = 0.301 m s
1
to the right (shown)
(c) Each time person A throws the ball towards B, the cart will move to the left.
Each time person B catches the ball, the cart will stop moving.
This is because the total momentum of the system must be zero, just as it was before
person A threw the ball.
Eventually, the cart would move towards the left side of the skating rink.
COMMENTS:
(a) isolated system in place of no net external force was accepted. It must be noted
that in a system, there must be at least 2 bodies/objects interacting.
(b) (i) Velocity is a vector quantity so students are expected to state the direction in their
answers. Simple, clear answers such as to the left or to the right are appreciated.
(c) Many students did not realise the 2 persons were now on the same cart. Hence, the
cart and the 2 persons should be considered as one system. Answers were often
not clear, indicating that either person A or person B moves but without mentioning
motion of the cart.
There were a lot of references to the answers calculated in part (b). However, this is
incorrect as the total mass of the system has changed.
6
20 (a)
It is the vertical upward force exerted on a body by a fluid when it is fully or
partially submerged in the fluid.
COMMENTS:
Mark is not awarded if students miss out any of the underlined words.
Many students did not write force exerted by fluid. It is important to recognise
that the force comes from the fluid due to pressure difference.
(b) For the block to be floating,
Upthrust = Weight of Block
=
=
0.15 0.15 1000 0.15 0.15 0.06 560
0.0336 m
h
h
(c) (i) Mass of ball = additional vol. of water displaced x density of water
( ) ( )( )
2
0.150 0.053 0.0194 1000 0.437 kg =
COMMENTS:
Many students gave weight instead of mass.
(ii)
( )
-3
3
3
0.4365
346 kg m
4 4
0.067
3 3
m m
V
r
= = = =
COMMENTS:
Many students do not know the formula for volume of a sphere!!!
There are also several students who used rounded answers from part (b)
and (c)(i) to find the density of the ball. The final answer became quite
different from the actual answer. Please remember to use more s.f. in your
intermediate workings.
21 (a)
1. The vector sum of the forces is zero.
2. The vector sum of the torques due to the forces is zero.
(b) (i) 1. T = mg = 500 9.81 = 4.91 10
3
N
2. Considering forces acting on the hook and ignoring its weight,
=
=
3
3
2 sin30 4.91 10
4.91 10 N
T
T
(ii) 1. Take moment about the right wheel,
20000 g 2 = 2500 g 4.5 + T 9
T = 3.13 10
4
N
2. N 500 g = 3.13 10
4
N = 6.4
Hence, the maximum number of girders is 6. (Largest integer less than 6.4).
7
22 (a) x = 0.969 0.450 = 0.240 m
(b) Elastic potential energy = kx
2
= (24.5)(0.6900.450)
2
= 0.706 J
(c) KE
initial
+ GPE
initial
+ EPE
initial
= KE
max
+ GPE
final
+ EPE
final
0 + [0.6009.81(0.690-0.25)] + 0 = KE
max
+ 0 + 0.7056
KE
max
= 1.88 J
(d) When the sphere is released, its gravitational potential energy decreases and its kinetic
energy increases.
After it reaches 0.450 m below X, its gravitational potential energy continues to
decrease and its kinetic energy and the elastic potential energy of the string increases.
COMMENTS:
(c) Many students calculated the maximum velocity instead of the required maximum kinetic
energy.
(d) Symbols or abbreviations should not be used until they have been explained or defined in
the answer given.
23 (a) The two sections represent ice melting and water boiling. The temperature does not
increase as the heat energy is used to break the bonds between the molecules.
(b) (i) =
=
=
62.7 (2090)(25)
0.0012
Q mc
m
m kg
(ii)
5 6
62.7 0.0012(3.33 10 ) 0.0012(4200)(100 0) 0.0012(2.26 10 )
3680J
+ + +
=
Value of Y = 3680
24 (a) (i) the amount, in mol, of gas in the sample,
pV = nRT
1.0 x 10
5
x 5.0 x 10
3
= n x 8.31 x 300
n = 0.2006 = 0.20
(ii)
p
B
V
B
= nRT
B
3.0 x 10
5
x 5.0 x 10
3
= 0.2006 x 8.31 x T
B
T
B
= 900 K
(iii) the volume V
C
of the gas at C,
p
C
V
C
= nRT
C
1.0 x 10
5
x V
C
= 0.2006 x 8.31 x 900
8
V
C
= 0.015 m
3
also accept V
C
= 15 as correct value on the horizontal axis.
(iv) 1. at A,
U
A
= 3/2 NkT
= 3/2 (0.2006 x 6.02 x 10
23
)(1.38 x 10
-23
)(300) = 750 J
2. at B.
U
B
= 3/2 (0.2006 x 6.02 x 10
23
)(1.38 x 10
-23
)(900) = 2250 J
(b)
Heat supplied
to gas
/ J
Work done
on gas
/ J
Increase in
internal energy
/ J
A B 1500 0 1500
B C 1650 - 1650 0
C A - 2500 1000 - 1500