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Retail Outlets

SHOPPING MALLS
A shopping mall, shopping centre, shopping precinct or simply mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area a modern, indoor version of the traditional marketplace. From early on, the design tended to be inwardfacing, with malls following theories of how customers could best be enticed in a controlled environment.

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The main components of shopping mall are: Department stores/ Supermarkets/ Hypermarkets; which acts as the major revenue developing part of the mall. Stand alone stores: satellite stores within or surrounding the main building. Food courts Entertainment centers: theatre and/or gaming stations and/or recreation areas/ fun houses for attracting people.

SHOPS
Shops include spaces for selling (and in some cases servicing) goods, like grocery, fish and meat, consumer products, textiles, jewelers, stationery, books, tools & equipments, toys, medicines, etc. The organization, amenities, requirements and circulation pattern of shops differ according to the function and character of the shop. Maximum height of shelf units in shops - 1.8m above floor level Minimum height of shelf units in shops 0.3m above floor level

Design Data

Circulation routes should begin at trolley pickups and end at the check outs in the case of larger shops.

Space should be provided for packing and unpacking of goods, preparation and packing (optional; depending on the kind of shop), and waste collection and disposal. The area should be accessible from the service outlet in the case of a grocery or supermarket.

wind, but at the same time bring in natural light. It aids airconditioning and must enable fire rescue services to break through. The commonly used materials for the purpose are: Silicate glass panes/ pyramids Acrylic glass sheets/ domes Polycarbonate sheets/ vaults Intersecting skins containing synthetic fiber and like Fire resistant glass Curved glass (3-8mm thick) Roof canopies could be used for specialized seating in atriums, food outlets, coffee shops, etc. to define the seating area and characterize its function.

Escalators- space requirement


Length in plan: with 300 escalator- 1.732 x storey height with 350 escalator- 1.428 x storey height (Length of landing spaces extra, minimum 1.5m)

FOOD COURTS

Food courts are large halls housing group of small outlets selling a Width: variety of specialist food products. Storage space for one days trade is adequate. There should be access from service outlet for delivery of raw materials.

ATRIUM FEATURES
Atriums acts as gathering spaces and provide spaces for setting up tent-shops, snack bars, displays, etc. that could easily attract customers.

Transparent roofs and canopies


Transparent roof coverings provide shelter from rain, heat and

Transportation capacity per hour: 60cm wide stairs: 5000-6000 people 80cm wide stairs: 7000-8000 people

1oocm wide stairs: 8000-10000 people

AMUSEMENT ARCADES
They are the chief customer attracting facility other than food courts that are provided in shopping malls. They usually follow a pay and play system.

PARKING
Min. turning angle for passenger cars for adequate visibility: 24 0 from straight line Min. Ramp gradient: 1:10

Perpendicular parking: min. size- 2.5m x 5m (min. road width 6.5m) or 3m x 5m (min. road width 5m)

Clearance from overhead electric lines: Type Vertical clearance (m) Low and medium voltage lines High voltage lines up to & including 33kv Extra high voltage lines greater than 33kv 2.4 3.7 3.7+ 0.3 for every additional 33kv or part thereof.

KMBR REGULATIONS
Kind of occupancy: F (Commercial/ Mercantile) Occupant load (gross area in sq.m./person): 3-6 Occupants per unit exit width: stairway- 50, doors- 75 Max. permissible F.A.R.: without fee 2, with fee (of rs.1000 per sq.m.) 2.5 Max. permissible site coverage: 60% Min. no. of parking required: 1 per each 50sq.m. of floor area or part thereof. Min. access width (for main entry): 12m Setbacks:

Horizo ntal cleara nce (m) 1.2 1.85 1.85+ 0.3 for every additional 33kv or part thereof.

Front yard: Avg. 3m with min. 1.8m (up to 10m height)+ 0.5m for every consequent height of 3m. Rear yard: Avg. 2m with min. 1m (up to 10m height) + 0.5m for every consequent height of 3m. Side yards: min. 1.2m on one side and 1m at the other (up to 10m height)+ 0.5m for every consequent height of 3m Fire engine pathway of 5m width around the building is mandatory for type F buildings. International Aerodrome vicinity height restrictions: b/w 2.438km and 3.048km- 12m Lift: 1 for every building exceeding 4 stories having plinth area more than 2500sq.m. + 1 for every 2500sq.m. or part thereof for excess area.

Fire escape staircase: Min. width 75cm Min. width of tread 15cm Max. height of riser 19cm Max. no. of risers in a single flight 16 Min. height of handrail 100cm Fire escape staircase shall be constructed only in the exterior of the building & shall be connected directly to the ground. Waste water should not be directly sent to drain. Should provide primary water treatment plant. Service entry to be provided separately.

Min. no. of toilets: For men- 1 WC for every 25 0r part thereof 1 urinal for every 25 or part thereof For women: 1 WC for every 15 or part thereof Min. no. of wash basins: 1 on each floor Min. no. of bath: not necessary

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ernst & Peter Neufert - Architects' Data (revised edition); Blackwell science publishers, London, England, 2001 Thomas H Russ - Site Planning and Design; McGrawHill Handbooks Architecture; 2002 Donald Watson, Michael J. Crosbie, John Hancock CallenderTime Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data: McGraw Hill print works; 1999 Dominic Johnson, George Johnson - Kerala Municipality Building Rules 2010 compilation; Law Book Shop, Kochi; 2010

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