You are on page 1of 198

Introduction

PVC Pressure Pipe & Fittings


Technical Manual

Quality ISO 9001 Lic 570

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Disclaimer Minimum pack quantities apply to all products, orders will automatically be adjusted to minimum pack quantities or multiple. Limitation of Liability This product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (the Company) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Companys products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Companys products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Companys Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited..

Introduction

Contents
Introduction Manufacture Quality Assurance Research And Development 3 4 6 6

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Introduction
From Modest Beginning to Australias Leader
Vinidex Pty Limited is Australias leading manufacturer of PVC pipes. From its modest beginnings in Sydney in 1960, the company has grown dynamically with factories now located in Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, Townsville and Wagga. Supply depots are maintained in Adelaide, Darwin, Launceston and Mildura. Vinidex pipe and fitting systems are used in a broad cross-section of applications including: Water, wastewater and drainage Irrigation Mining and industrial Plumbing Gas Communications Electrical

Vinidex pressure pipes and fittings combine the unique physical properties of PVC polymer with the most advanced manufacturing techniques and will continue to meet the exacting demands of the water supply industry in Australia and a growing number of overseas countries, well into the 21st century.

PVC Pipe - World Leader


PVC pipe is the worlds most widely used medium for conveyance of fluids. After centuries of use of ancient materials such as clay, lead, iron and more recently steel, Ductile Iron and asbestos cement, PVC has, in a comparatively short 50 years, invaded all of the traditional applications of these materials to become the premier pipe material, measured by length or value, in the world today. The product has well recognised advantages of immunity to corrosion, chemical and micro-/macro-biological resistance, hydraulic capacity, ease of handling and installation together with toughness and flexibility to withstand abuse. Its widespread applications are largely attributable to these features. Pipe applications fall into two broad categories primarily determined by the dominance of either internal pressure or external loading over

Vinidex is the most experienced company in Australia in the supply of PVC pipes for mains water reticulation and was the first to produce a rubber ring jointed pressure pipe. Early Vinidex rubber ring joint installations include: 1966, with the Victorian Rural Water Commission (previously State Rivers and Water Supply Commission) 1967, with the New South Wales Department of Public Works for water supply projects. Vinidex pressure pipe and fittings are manufactured from high quality PVC polymer. Vinidex specifications exceed the requirements of the various national and state specifying authorities and Standards Australia.

design. They are referred to as pressure or non-pressure applications. This manual covers pressure applications with particular emphasis on general water supply. Other applications include irrigation, industrial, and pumped sewerage mains. It provides state-of-the-art information on material characteristics and performance, pipe selection and system design procedures, installation recommendations and detailed product specification data for both pipe and fittings. To date this is the most comprehensive technical manual published in Australia on PVC pressure pipe systems.

3
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Introduction

Raw Material

Weighing

Mixing

Batching

Extruder

Head & Die

Sizing

Bath

Figure 1.1 Typical Pipe Extrusion Line

MANUFACTURE
Basically, PVC products are formed from raw PVC powder by a process of heat and pressure. The two major processes used in manufacture are extrusion for pipe and injection moulding for fittings. Modern PVC processing involves highly developed scientific methods requiring precise control over process variables. The polymer material is a free flowing powder, which requires the addition of stabilisers and processing aids. Formulation and blending are critical stages of the process and tight specifications are maintained for incoming raw materials, batching and mixing. Feed to the extrusion or moulding machines may be direct, in the form of dry blend, or pre-processed into a granular compound.

Extrusion (Figure 1.1)


Polymer and additives (1) are accurately weighed (2) and processed through the high speed mixing (3) to blend the raw materials into a uniformly distributed dry blend mixture. A mixing temperature of around 120C is achieved by frictional heat. At various stages of the mixing process, the additives melt and progressively coat the PVC polymer granules. After reaching the required temperature, the blend is automatically discharged into a cooling chamber which rapidly reduces the temperature to around 50C, thereby allowing

the blend to be conveyed to intermediate storage (4) where even temperature and density consistency are achieved. The heart of the process, the extruder (5), has a temperature-controlled, zoned barrel in which rotate precision screws. Modern extruder screws are complex devices, carefully designed with varying flights to control the compression and shear, developed in the material, during all stages of the process. The twin counter-rotating screw configuration used by all major manufacturers offers improved processing. The PVC dryblend is metered into the barrel and screws, which then convert the dry blend into the required melt state, by heat, pressure and shear. During its passage along the screws, the PVC passes through a number of zones that compress, homogenise and vent the melt stream. The final zone increases the pressure to extrude the melt through the head and die set (6) which is shaped according to the size of the pipe required and flow characteristics of the melt stream. Once the pipe leaves the extrusion die, it is sized by passing through a precision sizing sleeve with external vacuum. This is sufficient to harden the exterior layer of PVC and hold the pipe diameter during final cooling in a controlled water cooling chambers (8).

The pipe is pulled through the sizing and cooling operations by the puller or haul-off (9) at a constant speed. Speed control is very important when this equipment is used because the speed at which the pipe is pulled will affect the wall thickness of the finished product. In the case of rubber ring jointed pipe the haul-off is slowed down at appropriate intervals to thicken the pipe in the area of the socket. An in-line printer (10) marks the pipes at regular intervals, with identification according to size, class, type, date, Standard number, and extruder number. An automatic cut-off saw (11) cuts the pipe to the required length. A belling machine forms a socket on the end of each length of pipe (12). There are two general forms of socket. For rubber-ring jointed pipe, a collapsible mandrel is used, whereas a plain mandrel is used for solvent jointed sockets. Rubber ring pipe requires a chamfer on the spigot, which is executed either at the saw station or belling unit. The finished product is stored in holding areas for inspection and final laboratory testing and quality acceptance (13). All production is tested and inspected in accordance with the appropriate Australian Standard and/or to specifications of the purchaser. After inspection and acceptance, the pipe is stored to await final dispatch (14).

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Introduction

The pipe is pulled through the sizing and cooling operations by the puller or haul-off (9) at a constant speed. Speed control is very important when this equipment is used because the speed at which the pipe is pulled will affect the wall thickness of the finished product. In the case of rubber ring jointed pipe the haul-off is slowed down at appropriate intervals to thicken the pipe in the area of the socket. An in-line printer (10) marks the pipes at regular intervals, with identification according to size, class, type, date, Standard number, and extruder number. An automatic cut-off saw (11) cuts the pipe to the required length. A belling machine forms a socket on the end of each length of pipe (12). There are two general forms of socket. For rubber-ring jointed pipe, a collapsible mandrel is used, whereas a plain mandrel is used for solvent jointed sockets. Rubber ring pipe requires a chamfer on the spigot, which is executed either at the saw station or belling unit. The finished product is stored in holding areas for inspection and final laboratory testing and quality acceptance (13). All production is tested and inspected in accordance with the appropriate Australian Standard and/or to specifica-

tions of the purchaser. After inspection and acceptance, the pipe is stored to await final dispatch (14). For oriented PVC (PVC-O) pipes, the extrusion process is followed by an additional expansion process which takes place under well defined and carefully controlled conditions of temperature and pressure. It is during the expansion that the molecular orientation, which imparts the high strength typical of PVC-O, occurs.

termined shot size. During this action, pressure and heat plasticise the material, which now in its melted state, awaits injection into the mould. All this takes place during the cooling cycle of the previous shot. After a preset time the mould will open and the finished moulded fitting will be ejected from the mould. The mould then closes and the melted plastic in the front of the barrel is injected under high pressure by the screw now acting as a plunger. The plastic enters the mould to form the next fitting. After injection, recharge commences while the moulded fitting goes through its cooling cycle.

Injection Moulding
PVC fittings are manufactured by high-pressure injection moulding. In contrast to continuous extrusion, moulding is a repetitive cyclic process, where a shot of material is delivered to a mould in each cycle. PVC material, either in dry blend powder form or granular compound form, is gravity fed from a hopper situated above the injection unit, into the barrel housing a reciprocating screw. The barrel is charged with the required amount of plastic by the screw rotating and conveying the material to the front of the barrel. The position of the screw is set to a prede-

5
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Introduction
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Vinidex is committed to the philosophy of Total Quality Management. All Vinidex manufacturing sites are certified to AS/NZS ISO 9002, Quality systems- Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing. Vinidex was the first PVC pipe manufacturer in Australia to be awarded the prestigious StandardsMark product certification. Since that time, StandardsMark certification has been achieved by Vinidex for products to various Australian Standards, including AS/NZS 1477, PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applications, AS/NZS 4765, Modified PVC (PVC-M) pipes for pressure applications and AS 4441 Oriented PVC (PVC-O) pipes for pressure applications. From the raw materials entering the factory to the delivery of the finished product, the Vinidex emphasis on quality and customer service ensures performance that exceeds the requirements of industry and standards.

Product Testing
Products are examined and tested to ensure compliance with the relevant Australian Standard. Pipe production is fully traceable and test results are recorded for all extrusion and moulded products. The tests specified in Australian Standards can be divided into two main categories, type tests and quality control tests. Type tests are tests that are carried out to verify the acceptability of a formulation, process or product design. They are repeated whenever any of these factors changes. Dimensional checks and quality control tests are routinely conducted at regular intervals during production. The following is a brief summary of the tests included in AS/NZS 1477, AS/NZS 4441(Int) and AS/NZS 4765 and their significance to pressure pipes and fittings. Effect on water - This is a series of type tests carried out in order to demonstrate that the pipe or fitting does not have a detrimental effect on the quality of drinking water. It assesses the effect of the pipe or fittings on the taste, odour and appearance of water as well as the health aspects due to growth of microorganisms and leaching of toxic substances. Vinyl chloride monomer test- This requirement is to ensure that the residual VCM in PVC material does not exceed safe limits.

Light transmission tests - This test is conducted to ensure that PVC pipes have sufficient opacity to prevent growth of algae in the water conveyed. It is a type test for a given formulation and pipe wall thickness. Joint pressure and infiltration tests - Elastomeric ring joints are subjected to both an internal hydrostatic pressure test and an external pressure or internal vacuum test in order to ensure a satisfactory joint design. Processing tests - A number of tests are conducted in accordance with Standards to ensure the manufacturing process is consistent and repeated.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT


Vinidex has gained international recognition as leaders in PVC processing technology and product performance evaluation. New and existing materials and products undergo continuous examination. Advancements in polymer and processing technology are closely monitored. Vinidex regards its commitment to research and development as part of its investment in the future of the company, its customers and Australia.

Raw Material
All raw materials for Vinidex products must meet detailed specifications and suppliers are required to conform to strict quality assurance standards.

Production Process Control


Production processes are enumerated, closely specified and continuously monitored and recorded. Inspection and control are exercised by properly trained personnel using calibrated equipment.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Contents
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) Different Types of Polyvinyl Chloride Comparison Between OPVC, MPVC and Standard PVC PROPERTIES OF PVC Typical Properties Mechanical Properties Evaluated Temperatures The Chemical Performance of PVC Other Material Performance Aspects Chemical Resistance of PVC - Performance Chart Chemical Resistance of Various Elastomers - Performance Chart 2 2 3 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 30

2
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Disclaimer Minimum pack quantities apply to all products, orders will automatically be adjusted to minimum pack quantities or multiple. Limitation of Liability This product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (the Company) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Companys products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Companys products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Companys Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited..

Material
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
Polyvinyl chloride is a thermoplastics material which consists of PVC resin compounded with varying proportions of stabilisers, lubricants, fillers, pigments, plasticisers and processing aids. Different compounds of these ingredients have been developed to obtain specific groups of properties for different applications. However, the major part of each compound is PVC resin. The technical terminology for PVC in organic chemistry is poly (vinyl chloride): a polymer, i.e. chained molecules, of vinyl chloride. The brackets are not used in common literature and the name is commonly abbreviated to PVC. The common terminology is used throughout this publication. Where the discussion refers to a specific type of PVC pipe, that type will be explicitly identified as detailed below. Where the discussion is general, the term PVC pipes will be used to cover the range of PVC pipe materials in this manual. of plasticisers. Other types of PVC are called CPVC (PVC-C) (chlorinated PVC), which has a higher chlorine content and oriented PVC (PVC-O) which is PVC-U where the molecules are preferentially aligned in a particular direction. PVC-U (unplasticised) is hard and rigid with an ultimate tensile stress of approximately 52 MPa at 20C and is resistant to most chemicals. Generally PVC-U can be used at temperatures up to 60C, although the actual temperature limit is dependent on stress and environmental conditions. PVC-M (modified) is rigid and has improved toughness, particularly in impact. The elastic modulus, yield stress and ultimate tensile strength are generally lower than PVC-U. These properties depend on the type and amount of modifier used. PVC (plasticised) is less rigid; has high impact strength; is easier to extrude or mould; has lower temperature resistance; is less resistant to chemicals, and usually has lower ultimate tensile strength. The variability from compound to compound in plasticised PVC is greater than that in PVC-U. PVC-C (chlorinated) is similar to PVC-U in most of its properties but it has a higher temperature resistance, being able to function up to 95C. It has a similar ultimate stress at 20C and an ultimate tensile stress of about 15 MPa at 80C. PVC-O (Oriented PVC) is sometimes called HSPVC (high strength PVC). PVC-O pipes represent a major advancement in the technology of the PVC pipe industry. PVC-O is manufactured by a process which results in a preferential orientation of the long chain PVC molecules in the circumferential or hoop direction. This provides a marked enhancement of properties in this direction. In addition to other benefits, ultimate tensile strength up to double that of PVC-U can be obtained for PVC-O. In applications such as pressure pipes, where well defined stress directionality is present, very significant gains in strength and/or savings in materials can be made. Typical properties of PVC-O are: Tensile Strength of PVC-O 90 MPa Elastic Modulus of PVC-O 4000 MPa Property enhancement by molecular orientation is well known and some industrial examples have been produced for over thirty years. In more recent times, it has been applied to consumer products such as films, high strength garbage bags, carbonated beverage bottles and the like. The technique for applying molecular orientation to PVC pipes was pioneered during the 1970s by Yorkshire Imperial Plastics and in fact the earliest trial installations were made in 1974 with 100 mm pipe by the Yorkshire Water Authority, United Kingdom. Vinidex commenced production in a pilot PVC-O pipe plant in early 1982 and PVC-O pipes were first installed in Australia in 1986. Since that time, Vinidex have continued to develop and expand the PVC-O product range in commercial production under the registered trade name Supermain.

Different Types of Polyvinyl Chloride


The PVC compounds with the greatest short-term and long-term strengths are those that contain no plasticisers and the minimum of compounding ingredients. This type of PVC is known as UPVC or PVC-U. Other resins or modifiers (such as ABS, CPE or acrylics) may be added to UPVC to produce compounds with improved impact resistance. These compounds are known as modified PVC (PVC-M). Flexible or plasticised PVC compounds, with a wide range of properties, can also be produced by the addition

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
Comparison Between OPVC, MPVC and Standard PVC
PVC-O is identical in composition to PVC-U and their general properties are correspondingly similar. The major difference lies in the mechanical properties in the direction of orientation. The composition of PVC-M differs by the addition of an impact modifier and the properties deviate from standard PVC-U depending on the type and amount of modifier used. The following comparison is general in nature and serves to highlight typical differences between pipe grade materials. Tensile Strength. The tensile strength of PVC-O is up to twice that of normal PVC-U. The tensile strength of PVC-M is slightly lower than standard PVC-U. Toughness. Both PVC-O and PVC-M behave in a consistently ductile manner under all practical circumstances. Under some adverse conditions, in the presence of a notch or flaw, standard PVC-U can exhibit brittle characteristics. Safety Factors. The Design of PVC pipes for pressure applications involves prediction of long term properties and application of a safety factor. As in all engineering design, the magnitude of the safety factor reflects the level of confidence in the prediction of performance. The greater confidence in predictable behaviour for the new generation materials PVC-M and PVC-O has the benefit of allowing a lower factor of safety to be used in design. Design Stress. PVC-O and PVC-M pipes operate at a higher design stress than standard PVC-U pipes as a result of their reduced safety factor and in the case of PVC-O, higher strength in the hoop direction. Elasticity and Creep. PVC-O has a modulus of elasticity up to 24% higher than normal PVC-U in the oriented direction and a similar modulus to standard PVC-U in other directions. The elastic modulus of PVC-M is marginally lower than standard PVC-U. Impact Characteristics. PVC-O exceeds standard PVC-U by a factor of at least 2 and up to 5. PVC-M also has greater impact resistance than standard PVC-U. Impact performance tests for PVC-M pipes focus on obtaining a ductile failure characteristic. Weathering. There are no significant differences in the weathering characteristics of PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O. Jointing. PVC-U and PVC-M pipes can be jointed by either rubber ring or solvent cement joints. PVC-O is available in rubber-ring jointed pipes only. PVC-O cannot be solvent-cement jointed.

PROPERTIES OF PVC
General properties of PVC compounds used in pipe manufacture are given in Table 2.1. Unless otherwise noted, the values given are for standard unmodified formulations using K67 PVC resin. Some comparative values are shown for other pipe materials. Properties of thermoplastics are subject to significant changes with temperature, and the applicable range is noted where appropriate. Mechanical properties are subject to duration of stress application, and are more properly defined by creep functions. More detailed data pertinent to pipe applications are given in the design section of this manual. For data outside of the range of conditions listed, users are advised to contact our Technical Department.

0.02m

Clusters of PVC Molecules

Molecular Entanglements of PVC Pipe

Direction of Orientation

3
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
Typical Properties
Table 2.1 Properties of PVC

Property
Physical properties
Molecular weight (resin) Relative density Water absorption Hardness Impact strength - 20C Impact strength - 0C Coefficient of friction

Value
140,000 1.42 - 1.48 0.12% 80 20 kJ/m2 8 kJ/m2 0.4

Conditions and Remarks


cf: K57 PVC 70,000 cf: PE 0.95 - 0.96, GRP 1.4 - 2.1, CI 7.20, Clay 1.8 - 2.6 23C, 24 hours cf: AC 18 - 20% AS1711 Shore D Durometer, Brinell 15, Rockwell R 114, cf: PE Shore D 60 Charpy 250 m notch tip radius Charpy 250 m notch tip radius PVC to PVC cf: PE 0.25, PA 0.3

Mechanical properties
Ultimate tensile strength Elongation at break Short term creep rupture Long term creep rupture Elastic tensile modulus Elastic flexural modulus Long term creep modulus Shear modulus Bulk modulus Poissons ratio 52 MPa 50 - 80% 44 MPa 28 MPa 3.0 - 3.3 GPa 2.7 - 3.0 GPa 0.9 - 1.2 GPa 1.0 GPa 4.7 GPa 0.4 AS 1175 Tensometer at constant strain rate cf: PE 30 AS 1175 Tensometer at constant strain rate cf: PE 600-900 Constant load 1 hour value cf: PE 14, ABS 25 Constant load extrapolated 50 year value cf: PE 8-12 1% strain at 100 seconds cf: PE 0.9-1.2 1% strain at 100 seconds cf: PE 0.7-0.9 Constant load extrapolated 50 year secant value cf: PE 0.2 - 0.3 1% strain at 100 seconds G=E/2/(1+) cf: PE 0.2 1% strain at 100 seconds K=E/3/(1-2) cf: PE 2.0 Increases marginally with time under load. cf: PE 0.45

Electrical properties
Dielectric strength (breakdown) Volume resistivity Surface resistivity Dielectric constant (permittivity) Dissipation factor (power factor) 14 - 20 kV/mm 2 x 1014.m 1013 - 1014 3.9 (3.3) 0.01 (0.02) Short term, 3 mm specimen PE 70-85 AS 1255.1 PE > 1016 AS 1255.1 PE > 1013 50 Hz (106 Hz) AS 1255.4 50 Hz (106 Hz) AS 1255.4

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Thermal properties
Softening point Max. continuous service temp. Coefficient of thermal expansion Thermal conductivity Specific heat Thermal diffusivity 80 - 84C 60C 7 x 10-5/K 0.16 W/[m.K] 1,000 J/[kg.K] 1.1 x 10-7 m2/s Vicat method AS 1462.5 (min. 75C for pipes) cf: PE 80*, PP 110* 7 mm per 10 m per 10C cf: PE 18 - 20 x 10-5, DI 1.2 x 10-5 0 - 50C PE 0.4 0 - 50C 0 - 50C

Fire performance
Flammability (oxygen index) Ignitability index Smoke produced index Heat evolved index Spread of flame index 45% 10 - 12 (/20) 6 - 8 (/l0) 0 0 Will not support combustion. AS 1530 Early Fire Hazard Test ASTM D2863 Fennimore Martin test, cf: PE 17.5, PP 17.5 cf: 9 - 10 when tested as pipe AS 1530 Early Fire Hazard Test cf: 4 - 6 when tested as pipe AS 1530 Early Fire Hazard Test

Abbreviations
PE PP PA CI AC GRP Polyethylene Polypropylene Polyamide (nylon) Cast Iron Asbestos Cement Glass Reinforced Pipe

Conversion of Units
1 MPa = 10 bar 1 Joule = 4.186 calories 1 Kelvin = 1C = 9.81 kg/cm2 = 0.948 x 10-3 BTU = 1.8F temperature differential = 145 lbf/in2 = 0.737 ft.lbf

5
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
Mechanical Properties
For PVC, like other thermoplastics materials, the stress /strain response is dependent on both time and temperature. When a constant static load is applied to a plastics material, the resultant strain behaviour is rather complex. There is an immediate elastic response, which is fully recovered as soon as the load is removed. In addition there is a slower deformation, which continues indefinitely while the load is applied until rupture occurs. This is known as creep. If the load is removed before failure, the recovery of the original dimensions occurs gradually over time. The rate of creep and recovery is also influenced by temperature. At higher temperatures, creep rates tend to increase. Because of this type of response, plastics are known as viscoelastic materials.

The Stress Regression Line


The consequence of creep is that pipes subjected to higher stresses will fail in a shorter time than those subjected to lower stresses. For pressure pipe applications, long life is an essential requirement. Therefore, it is important that pipes are designed to operate at wall stresses which will ensure that long service lives can be achieved. To establish the long term properties, a large number of test specimens, in pipe form, are tested until rupture. All of these separate data points are then plotted on a graph and a regression analysis performed. The linear regression analysis is extrapolated to obtain the 97.5% lower prediction limit failure stress at the design point which must exceed a minimum required stress (MRS).

A safety factor is then applied to the MRS to obtain a maximum operating stress for the pipe material which is used to dimension pipes for a range of pressure ratings. In Europe and Australasia, the ISO design point of 50 years, or 438,000 hours, is adopted. In North America, the design point of 100,000 hours has historically been used. This design point is quite arbitrary and should not be interpreted as an indication of the expected service life of a PVC pipe. The stress regression line is traditionally plotted on logarithmic axes showing the circumferential or hoop stress versus time to rupture.

Typical Stress Regression Curves

* For MPVC, the 50 year specification point is a 97.5% lower confidence limit point to ensure that the minimum factor of safety is obtained.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
Creep Modulus
For PVC, the modulus or stress/strain relationship must be considered in the context of the rate or duration of loading and the temperature. A universal method of data presentation is a curve of strain versus time at constant stress. At a given temperature, a series of curves is required at different stress levels to represent the complete picture. A modulus can be computed for any stress/strain/ time combination, and this is normally referred to as the creep modulus. Such curves are useful, for example, in designing for short and long term transverse loadings of pipes. Tests conducted in both England and Australia have shown that PVC-O is stiffer, i.e. it has a higher modulus, than standard PVC-U by some 24% for equivalent conditions in the oriented direction. From other work, there appears to be no significant change in the axial direction.

Creep in Tension at 20OC

Elevated Temperatures
Pressure Ratings at Elevated Temperatures
The mechanical properties of PVC are referenced at 20C. Thermoplastics generally decrease in strength and increase in ductility as the temperature rises and design stresses must be adjusted accordingly. See Section on Design for the design ratings for pipes at temperatures other than 20C.

Reversion
The term reversion refers to dimensional change in plastics products as a consequence of material memory. Plastics products memorise their original formed shape and if they are subsequently distorted, they will return to their original shape under heat. In reality, reversion proceeds at all temperatures, but with high quality extrusion it is of no practical significance in plain pipe at temperatures below 60C and in PVC-O pipe at temperatures below 50C.

7
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
The Chemical Performance of PVC
PVC is resistant to many alcohols, fats, oils and aromatic free petrol. It is also resistant to most common corroding agents including inorganic acids, alkalis and salts. However, PVC should not be used with esters, ketones, ethers and aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. PVC will absorb these substances and this will lead to swelling and a reduction in tensile strength.

Factors Affecting Chemical Resistance


A number of factors can affect the rate and type of chemical attack that may occur. These are: Concentration. In general, the rate of attack increases with concentration, but in many cases there are threshold levels below which no significant chemical effect will be noted. Temperature. As with all processes, the rate of attack increases as the temperature rises. Again, threshold temperatures may exist. Period of Contact. In many cases rates of attack are slow and of significance only with sustained contact. Stress. Some plastics under stress can undergo higher rates of attack. In general PVC is considered relatively insensitive to stress corrosion.

Although PVC-O is chemically identical to standard PVC-U, rates of attack may vary and this material is not recommended for use in chemical environments or for chemical conveyance. In most environments, the chemical performance of PVC-M is expected to be similar to standard PVC-U. However, where concentrated chemicals are to be in prolonged contact with PVC-M or elevated temperatures are likely, it is recommended that some preliminary testing should be carried out to determine the suitability of the material.

Chemical Attack
Chemicals that attack plastics do so at differing rates and in differing ways. There are two general types of chemical attack on plastic: 1. Swelling of the plastic occurs but the plastic returns to its original condition if the chemical is removed. However, if the plastic has a compounding ingredient that is soluble in the chemical, the plastic may be changed because of the removal of this ingredient and the chemical itself will be contaminated. 2. The base resin or polymer molecules are changed by crosslinking, oxidation, substitution reactions or chain scission. In these situations the plastic cannot be restored by the removal of the chemical. Examples of this type of attack on PVC are aqua regia at 20C and wet chlorine gas.

Sewage Discharges
PVC will not be affected by anything that can be normally found in sewerage effluent. However, if some illegal discharge is made then most chemicals are more likely to attack the rubber ring (common to all modern pipe systems) than the PVC pipe. Because of modern pollution controls on sewage discharges PVC can be safely used in any municipal sewerage network including areas accepting industrial effluent.

Considerations for PVC Pipe


For normal water supply work, PVC pipes are totally unaffected by soil and water chemicals. The question of chemical resistance is likely to arise only if they are used in unusual environments or if they are used to convey chemical substances. For applications characterised as food conveyance or storage, health regulations should be observed. Specific advice should be obtained on the use of PVC pipes.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
Chemical Resistance of Joints
When considering the performance of pipe materials in contact with chemical environments, it is important not to overlook the effect of the environment on the jointing materials. In general, solvent cement joints may be used in any environment where PVC pipe is acceptable. However, separate consideration may need to be given to the rubber ring. Chemical attack on rubbers can occur in two ways. Swelling can occur as a result of absorption of a chemical. This can make it weaker and more susceptible to mechanical damage. On the other hand, it may assist in retaining the sealing force. Alternatively, the chemical attack may result in a degradation or change in the chemical structure of the rubber. Both types of attack are affected by a number of factors such as chemical concentration, temperature, rubber compounding and component dimensions. The surface area exposed to the environment may also influence the severity of the attack.
See the chemical resistance tables for guidance on chemical resistance of rubber materials commonly used in pipe seals.

OTHER MATERIAL PERFORMANCE ASPECTS


Permeation1
The effect on water quality due to the transport of contaminants from the surrounding soil through the pipe wall or rubber ring must be considered where gross pollution of the soil has occurred in the immediate vicinity of the pipe. For permeation to occur through the pipe wall, the chemical must be a strong solvent or swelling agent for PVC such as aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, anilines and nitrobenzenes. Permeation through PVC is insignificant for alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and organic acids. The mechanism of permeation depends on the effective concentration (activity) of the chemical contaminant. At lower concentrations, permeation rates are so slow that permeation may be considered insignificant. Thus, in the majority of cases, PVC pipe is an effective barrier against permeation of soil contaminants. At high chemical concentrations (activity >0.25) a different mechanism applies and both the PVC pipe and water quality may be adversely affected in a short time. This corresponds to a gross spill or leak of the chemical in close proximity to the pipe. It should be noted that rubber rings are generally considered more susceptible to permeation than PVC and should be considered separately.

Weathering and Solar Degradation


The effect of weathering or surface degradation by radiant energy, in conjunction with the elements, on plastics has been well researched and documented. Solar radiation causes changes in the molecular structure of polymeric materials, including PVC. Inhibitors and reflectants are normally incorporated in the material which limits the process to a surface effect. Loss of gloss and discolouration under severe weathering will be observed. The processes require input of energy and cannot proceed if the material is shielded, e.g. under-ground pipes. From a practical point of view, the bulk material is unaffected and performance under primary tests will show no change, i.e. tensile strength and modulus. However, microscopic disruptions on a weathered surface can initiate fracture under conditions of extreme local stress, e.g. impact on the outside surface. Impact strength will therefore show a decrease under test.

1. Berens, Alan R., Prediction of Organic Chemical Permeation Through PVC Pipe, Journal American Waterworks Association, Denver, CO (Nov. 1985) pp. 57-65. Vonk, Martin W., Permeation of Organic Soil Contaminants Through Polyethylene, Polyvinylchloride, Asbestos Cement and Concrete Water Pipes, Some Phenomena Affecting Water Quality During Distribution: Permeation, Lead Release, Regrowth of Bacteria, KIWA Ltd., Neuwegen, The Netherlands (Nov. 1985) pp. 1-14.

9
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
Protection against Solar Degradation
All PVC pipes manufactured by Vinidex contain protective systems that will ensure against detrimental effects for normal periods of storage and installation. For periods of storage longer than one year, and to the extent that impact resistance is important to the particular installation, additional protection may be considered advisable. This may be provided by under-cover storage, or by covering pipe stacks with an appropriate material such as hessian. Heat entrapment should be avoided and ventilation provided. Black plastic sheeting should not be used. Above-ground systems may be protected by a coat of white or pastel-shade PVA paint. Good adhesion will be achieved with simply a detergent wash to remove any grease and dirt. reduces, with an increasing number of cross-links between molecules. This results in some changes in mechanical properties: A marginal increase in ultimate tensile strength. A significant increase in yield stress. An increase in modulus at high strain levels.

Microbiological Effects
PVC is immune to attack by microbiological organisms normally encountered in under-ground water supply and sewerage systems.

Macrobiological Attack
PVC does not constitute a food source and is highly resistant to damage by termites and rodents.

In general, these changes would appear to be beneficial. However, the response of the material at high stress levels is altered in that local yielding at stress concentrators is inhibited, and strain capability of the article is decreased. Brittle-type fracture is more likely to occur, and a general reduction in impact resistance may be observed. These changes occur exponentially with time, rapidly immediately following forming, and more and more slowly as time proceeds. By the time the article is put into service, they are barely measurable, except in the very long term. Artificial ageing can be achieved by heat treatment at 60C for 18 hours. PVC-O undergoes such ageing in the orientation process and its characteristics are similar to a fully aged material, but with greatly enhanced ultimate strength.

Effect of Soil Sulphides


Grey discolouration of under-ground PVC pipes may be observed in the presence of sulphides commonly found in soils containing organic materials. This is due to a reaction with the stabiliser systems used in processing. It is a surface effect, and in no way impairs performance.

Material Ageing
The ultimate strength of PVC does not alter markedly with age. Its short-term ultimate tensile strength generally shows a slight increase. It is important to appreciate that the stress regression line does not represent a weakening of the material with time, i.e. a pipe held under continuous pressure for many years will still show the same short-term ultimate burst pressure as a new pipe. The material does, however, undergo a change in morphology with time, in that the free volume in the matrix

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

10

Material
Table 2.1: Performance Chart - Chemical Resistance of PVC
Important Information
The listed data are based on results of immersion tests on specimens, in the absence of any applied stress. ln certain circumstances, where the preliminary classification indicates high or limited resistance, it may be necessary to conduct further tests to assess the behaviour of pipes and fittings under internal pressure or other stresses. Variations in the analysis of the chemical compounds as well as in the operating conditions (pressure and temperature) can significantly modify the actual chemical resistance of the materials in comparison with this charts indicated value. It should be stressed that these ratings are intended only as a guide to be used for initial information on the material to be selected. They may not cover the particular application under consideration and the effects of altered temperatures or concentrations may need to be evaluated by testing under specific conditions. No guarantee can be given in respect of the listed data. Vinidex reserves the right to make any modification whatsoever, based upon further research and experiences.

Sources for Chemical Resistances of PVC


Source 1 The Water Supply Manual for PVC Pipe Systems, First Edition, Vinidex Tubemakers Pty Limited, 1989 Source 2 Chemical Resistance Guide For Thermoplastic Pipe and Fitting Systems, Vinidex Tubemakers Pty Limited Source 3 ISO/TR 10358 Technical Report: Plastic Pipes and Fittings-Combined Chemical-resistance Classification Table, First Edition, International Organisation for Standardisation, 1993 Source 4 Chemical Resistance, Volume 1- Thermoplastics, Second Edition, Plastics Design Library, 1994 Source 5 Chemical Resistance Data Sheets, Volume 1-Plastics, Rapra Technology Limited, 1993

Abbreviations
S L U Satisfactory Resistance Limited Resistance Unsatisfactory Resistance

dil.sol. dilute aqueous solution at a concentration equal to or less than 10% sol. Aqueous solution at a concentration greater then10% but not saturated

sat.sol. saturated aqueous solution prepared at 20C tg-g tg-l tg-s technical grade, gas technical grade, liquid technical grade, solid

work.sol. working solution of the concentration usually used in the industry concerned susp. Suspension of solid in a saturated solution at 20C

11
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

ACETALDEHYDE

CH3CHO

3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 1

- AQUEOUS SOLUTION

40

1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ACETIC ACID

CH3COOH

25

30

60

80

- GLACIAL

100

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE

(CH3CO)2O

100

ACETONE

CH3COCH3

10

100

2 2

ACETOPHENONE

CH3COC6H5

nd

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 3

3 3 3 1

3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3

1 2 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1 3 1 3

1 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 2

1 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3

1 3 3 1 3 3 1

ACRYLONITRILE

CH2CHCN

technically pure

3 1 2 2 3 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2

ADIPIC ACID - AQUEOUS SOLUTION ALLYL ALCOHOL

(CH2CH2CO2H)2

sat.

1 1

CH2CHCH2OH

96

2 3 1

ALUM - AQUEOUS SOLUTION

AI2(SO4)3.K2SO.nH2O

dil

AI2(SO4)3.K2SO4.nH2O

sat

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ALUMINIUM - CHLORIDE - FLUORIDE

AICI3

all

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 2 1

AIF3

100

- HYDROXIDE

AI(OH4)3

all

- NITRATE

AI(NO2)3

nd

- SULPHATE

AI(SO4)3

deb

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

sat

1 1 1

1 1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

12

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) deb

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

AMMONIA - AQUEOUS SOLUTION

NH3

1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2

sat

- DRY GAS

100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 2 1

1 2 1

- LIQUID

100

3 3 1 1 1 1

AMMONIUM - ACETATE - CARBONATE

CH3COONH4

sat

2 1 2 1 1 1 2

1 2 1 3

(NH4)2CO3

all

- CHLORIDE

NH4CI

sat

- FLUORIDE

NH4F

25

1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 3 1

- HYDROXIDE

NH4OH

28

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 3

- NITRATE

NH4NO3

sat

- PHOSPHATE DIBASIC

NH4(HPO4)2

all

1 1 1 1 2 1

1 2 1 2 1

1 1 1 1

- PHOSPHATE META

(NH4)4P4O12

all

- PHOSPHATE TRI

(NH4)2HPO4

all

1 2

- PERSULPHATE

(NH4)2S2O8

all

- SULPHIDE

(NH4)2S

deb

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

1 1 1 1

sat

- SULPHYDRATE

NH4OHSO4

dil

1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

sat

AMYLACETATE

CH3CO2CH2(CH2)3CH3

100

AMYLALCOHOL

CH3(CH2)3CH2OH

nd

ANILINE

C6H5NH2

all

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3

- CHLORHYDRATE

C6H5NH2HCI

nd

3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3

1 2 3 3

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

13
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

ANTIMONY - TRICHLORIDE ANTHRAQUINONE SULPHONIC ACID AQUA REGIA

SbCI3

1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

suspension

HC+HNO3

100

3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ARSENIC ACID

H3AsO4

deb

80

BARIUM - CARBONATE - CHLORIDE

all BaCO3 BaCl2 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1

1 1 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

- HYDROXIDE

Ba(OH)2

all

1 1

- SULPHATE

BaSO4

nb

- SULPHIDE

BaS

sat

BEER

comm

1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1

BENZALDEHYDE

C6H5CHO

nd

1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

1 1 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 1 2

BENZENE

C6H6

100

- LIGROIN

20/80

- MONOCHLORINE

C6H5Cl

technically pure

BENZOIC ACID

C6H5COOH

sat

1 2

1 1 1 2

BENZYL ALCOHOL

C6H5CH2OH

100

1 1 3 1 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 1

1 3 1

1 1 1 2

BLEACHING LYE

NaOCl+NaCl

12.50% Cl deb

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 1 1 1 1

BORIC ACID

H3BO3

sat

BRINE

comm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

BROMIC ACID

HBrO3

10

1 1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

14

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

BROMINE - LIQUID - VAPOURS

Br2

3 3 2

3 3 3 3

low

3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 2

3 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1

BUTADIENE

C4H6

100

1 1 1 3 2 3 1

3 3 1 1

BUTANEDIOL AQUEOUS

CH3CH2CHOHCH2OH

10

concentrated

2 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 1

BUTANE GAS BUTYL - ACETATE - ALCOHOL

C4H10

10

CH3CO2CH2CH2CH2CH3

100

3 3 1 2 2 2

C4H9OH

- PHENOL

C4H9C6H4OH

100

2 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 1

3 3 3 1

3 3 3

2 3

1 1 1 3 2 2

BUTYLENE GLYCOL

C4H6(OH)2

100

2 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

BUTYRIC ACID

C2H5CH2COOH

20

concentrated

CALCIUM - BISULPHITE - CARBONATE

Ca(HSO3)2

nd

3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1

1 3 3 3 3 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CaCO3

all

1 1 1

- CHLORATE

CaHCl

nd

- CHLORIDE

CaCl2

all

- HYDROXIDE

Ca(OH)2

all

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2

1 1 1 1

- HYPOCHLORITE

Ca(OCl)2

sat

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

- NITRATE

Ca(NO3)2

50

1 1 1

- SULPHATE

CaSO4

nd

1 1 2 2 3 3

- SULPHIDE

CaS

sat

CAMPHOR OIL

nd

3 3

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

15
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%)

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

CARBON - DIOXIDE AQUEOUS SOLUTION - GAS

CO2

1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 3 3 3

1 1 1

100

- DISULPHIDE

CS2

100

- MONOXIDE

CO

100

1 1 2 3

3 3 3 1

3 3 3 1

- TETRACHLORIDE

CCl4

100

CARBONIC ACID - AQUEOUS SOLUTION - DRY

H2CO3

sat

100

1 1 1

- WET

all

CARBON OIL

comm

3 1 1 1

1 1 1

CHLORAMINE

dil

CHLORIC ACID

HClO3

20

1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 3

1 3

1 3 3

CHLORINE

Cl2

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 3

1 3 1

- DRY GAS

10

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 1

1 1 1 1

100

1 1

- WET GAS

5g/m3

10g/m3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1

66g/m3

- LIQUID

100

CHLOROACETIC ACID

ClCH2COH

85

1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 3

2 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2 3

1 3

100

CHLOROBENZENE

C6H5Cl

all

3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3

3 1

CHLOROFORM

CHCl3

all

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

16

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

CHLOROSULPHONIC ACID CHROME ALUM

ClHSO3

2 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2

3 3 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1

KCr(SO4)2

nd

CHROMIC ACID

CrO3+H2O

10

30

50

CHROMIC SOLUTION

CrO3+H2O+H2SO4

50/35/15

3 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 3 3

1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

3 3 3 1

1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3

1 3 3 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CITRIC ACID AQ. SOL. min COPPER - CHLORIDE - CYANIDE

C3H4(OH)(CO2H)3

50

CuCl2

sat

CuCN2

all

- FLUORIDE

CuF2

all

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1

- NITRATE

Cu(NO3)2

nd

1 1 1

- SULPHATE

CuSO4

dil

sat

1 1 1 1 1

COTTONSEED OIL

comm

CRESOL

CH3C6H4OH

90

2 3 3 3 1

3 3 3 3

>90

CRESYLIC ACID

CH3C6H4COOH

50

3 3 3 3 3 3 1

2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1

1 1 1

CYCLOHEXANE

C6H12

all

1 2

CYCLOHEXANONE

C6H10O

all

1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1

DECAHYDRONAFTALENE

C10H18

nd

1 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

DEMINERALIZED WATER

100

DEXTRINE

C6H12OCH2O

nd

1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

17
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

DIBUTYLPHTALATE

C6H4(CO2C4H9)2

3 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 1 2 1

3 3

DICHLOROACETIC ACID DICHLOROETHANE

Cl2CHCOOH

100

1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1

2 3 3

CH2ClCH2Cl

100

1 1 1 1 1 3

DICHLOROETHYLENE

ClCH2Cl

100

DIETHYL ETHER

C2H5OC2H5

100

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3

3 3

3 3 1 1 1 2

DIGLYCOLIC ACID

(CH2)2O(CO2H)2

18

DIMETHYLAMINE

(CH3)2NH

100

2 1 2 1 1 1 1

2 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1

2 3 2

DIOCTYLPHTHALATE

all

3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

DISTILLED WATER

100

DRINKING WATER

100

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

ETHERS

all

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 3 1

ETHYL - ACETATE - ALCOHOL

CH3CO2C2H5

100

1 3 1 2 2

CH3CH2OH

nd

- CHLORIDE

CH3CH2Cl

all

2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 1

3 3 3 1 1 1 2

- ETHER

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

all

2 3 3 3 1

3 3

ETHYLENE - CHLOROHYDRIN - GLYCOL

ClCH2CH2OH

100

HOCH2CH2OH

comm

1 3

1 1

1 2 3 1 1 1 1

1 2

1 1 1

FATTY

ACIDS

nd

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

FERRIC - CHLORIDE

FeCl3

10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

sat

- NITRATE

Fe(NO3)3

nd

1 1 1 1 1 1

- SULPHATE

Fe(SO4)3

nd

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

18

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) sat

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

FERROUS - CHLORIDE - SULPHATE

FeCl2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

FeSO4

nd

FERTILIZER

10

1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

sat

FLUORINE GAS - DRY

F2

100

FLUOROSILICIC ACID

H2SiF6

32

FORMALDEHYDE

HCOH

FORMIC ACID

HCOOH

50

100

FRUIT PULP AND JUICE

comm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1

2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2

1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1

1 2 2 2 1

FUEL OIL

100

1 1 1 1

comm

2 2 2

FURFUROLE ALCOHOL

C5H3OCH2OH

nd

GAS EXHAUST - ACID - WITH NITROUS VAPOURS

all

traces

1 1 2 2 1

1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

GAS PHOSGENE

ClCOCl

100

1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

GELATINE

100

GLUCOSE

C6H12O6

all

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

GLYCERINE AQ.SOL GLYCOGLUE AQUEOUS GLYCOLIC ACID

HOCH2CHOHCH2OH

all

10

HOCH2COOH

37

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

HEPTANE

C7H16

100

3 3

1 1

1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

19
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) sat

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

FERROUS - CHLORIDE - SULPHATE

FeCl2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

FeSO4

nd

FERTILIZER

10

1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

sat

FLUORINE GAS - DRY

F2

100

FLUOROSILICIC ACID

H2SiF6

32

FORMALDEHYDE

HCOH

FORMIC ACID

HCOOH

50

100

FRUIT PULP AND JUICE

comm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1

2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2

1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1

1 2 2 2 1

FUEL OIL

100

1 1 1 1

comm

2 2 2

FURFUROLE ALCOHOL

C5H3OCH2OH

nd

GAS EXHAUST - ACID - WITH NITROUS VAPOURS

all

traces

1 1 2 2 1

1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

GAS PHOSGENE

ClCOCl

100

1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

GELATINE

100

GLUCOSE

C6H12O6

all

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

GLYCERINE AQ.SOL GLYCOGLUE AQUEOUS GLYCOLIC ACID

HOCH2CHOHCH2OH

all

10

HOCH2COOH

37

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

HEPTANE

C7H16

100

3 3

1 1

1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

20

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

HEXANE

C6H14

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3

1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

HYDROBROMIC ACID

HBr

10

1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1

1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 3 1

48

1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

HCl

25

37

1 3 3 1 2 2 3

HYDROCYANIC ACID

HCN

deb

HYDROFLUORIC ACID

HF

10

1 2 1 2 1 1

1 2 1 2

60

3 3

HYDROGEN

H2

all

HYDROGEN - PEROXIDE

H2O2

30

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1

50

1 1 1 2

1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

90

1 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 3 1

- SULPHIDE DRY

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3

- SULPHIDE WET

sat

HYDROSULPHITE

10

HYDROXYLAMINE SULPHATE ILLUMINATING GAS

(H2NOH)2H2SO4

12

1 1 1

1 2 1 1 1

100

IODINE - DRY AND WET - TINCTURE

I2

2 3 2 3 1 2 3 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

>3

1 3 2 3 2 3 1 1

ISOCTANE

C8H18

100

3 3 3 3 1 1

ISOPROPYL - ETHER - ALCOHOL

(CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2

100

2 3

2 3

(CH3)2CHOH

100

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

21
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 28

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

LACTIC ACID

CH3CHOHCOOH

1 2

1 1 1 1 1

LANOLINE

nd

2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1

1 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

LEAD ACETATE

Pb(CH3COO)2

sat

LINSEED OIL

comm

2 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LUBRICATING OILS

comm

MAGNESIUM - CARBONATE - CHLORIDE

MgCO3

all

MgCl2

sat

1 1

- HYDROXIDE

Mg(OH)2

all

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

- NITRATE

MgNO3

nd

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- SULPHATE

MgSO4

dil

1 1 1 1 1 2 1

sat

MALEIC ACID

COOHCHCHCOOH

nd

MALIC ACID

CH2CHOH(COOH)2

nd

1 1 1 1

MERCURIC - CHLORIDE - CYANIDE

HgCl2

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

1 1

HgCN2

all

MERCUROUS NITRATE

HgNO3

nd

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

MERCURY

Hg

100

METHYL - ACETATE - ALCOHOL

CH3COOCH3

100

2 3 1 2 2 2 1

CH3OH

nd

1 1 3

1 1 3

- BROMIDE

CH3Br

100

1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3

- CHLORIDE

CH3Cl

100

3 3 3 3

2 3

- ETHYLKETONE

CH3COCH2CH3

all

1 2

3 3

3 3

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

22

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 32

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

METHYLAMINE

CH3NH2

2 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1

1 2 3

METHYLENE CHLORIDE METHYL SULPHORIC ACID

CH2Cl2

100

CH3COOSO4

50

2 2 3 3 1

100

MILK

100

MINERAL ACIDOULOUS WATER MOLASSES

nd

1 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

comm

NAPHTA

100

3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2

1 2 3 1 1 2

3 3 3 1

1 3 1 3 1

1 3 2 3 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

NAPHTALINE

100

2 3 1 1 1 1

NICKEL - CHLORIDE - NITRATE

NiCl3

all

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 1 1

Ni(NO3)2

nd

- SULPHATE

NiSO4

dil

sat

1 1

NITRIC ACID

HNO3

anhydrous

20

1 2

40

2 3 3 3 3

60

98

NITROBENZENE

C6H5NO2

all

3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1

1 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 1

1 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2

OLEIC ACID

C8H17CHCH(CH2)7CO2H

comm

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

23
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) nd

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

OLEUM

3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 2

- VAPOURS

low

hight

OLIVE OIL

comm

2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3

1 1 1 2

OXALIC ACID

HO2CCO2H

10

sat

OXYGEN

O2

all

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OZONE

O3

nd

3 3 1

PALMITIC ACID

CH3(CH2)14COOH

10

1 1

70

2 3 3

1 1

PARAFFIN

nd

2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1

2 2 2

1 3 3 1 3

- EMULSION

comm

- OIL

nd

PERCHLORIC ACID

HClO4

100

1 1 1 2

1 1 1

3 3 3 3

1 1 1 1 1

70

PETROL - REFINED - UNREFINED

100

1 1 1 1 1

1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 3

100

PHENOL - AQUEOUS SOLUTION

C6H5OH

90

2 3 3 3 1 3

PHENYL HYDRAZINE

C6H5NHNH2

all

2 2 1 3

3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2

- CHLORHYDRATE

C6H5NHNH3Cl

sat

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

24

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 25

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

PHOSPHORIC - ACID

H3PO4

1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

50

85

- ANHYDRIDE

P2O5 PCl3

nd

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 1 2 1

2 3 2 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

2 3

PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE PHOTOGRAPHIC - DEVELOPER - EMULSION

100

1 1 1 1

3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 1

comm

comm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1

PHTHALIC ACID

C6H4(CO2H)2 HOC6H2(NO2)3

50

3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

PICRIC ACID

1 1 1 1 1

>1

1 1 1

3 3 1

1 2 1

POTASSIUM - BICHROMATE - BORATE

K2CrO7 K3BO3 KBrO3 KBr

40

sat

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

- BROMATE

nd

- BROMIDE

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

- CARBONATE

K2CO3 KCl

sat

1 1 1 1 1 2

- CHLORIDE

sat

- CHROMATE

KCrO4 KCN

40

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

- CYANIDE

sat

1 1 1 1

- FERROCYANIDE

K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O KF

100

1 1 1

- FLUORIDE

sat

- HYDROXIDE

KOH

60

1 2 1 1

1 1 1 1

- NITRATE

KNO3

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 3 1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

25
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical - PERBORATE

Formula KBO3

Conc. (%) all

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC 1 1 1 1 1 2

PE

PP 1

PVDF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PVC/C 1

NBR

EPM 1

FPM 1

- PERMANGANATE

KMnO4

10

1 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 1 1 1

- PERSULPHATE

K2S2O8

nd

- SULPHATE

K2SO4

sat

1 1

1 1

2 3 1

PROPANE - GAS - LIQUID

C3H8

100

100

PROPYL ALCOHOL

C3H7OH

100

1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PYRIDINE

CH(CHCH)2N

nd

3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RAIN WATER

100

1 1 2

SEA WATER

100

SILICIC ACID

H2SiO3

all

SILICONE OIL

nd

SILVER - CYANIDE - NITRATE

AgCN

all

1 1 1 1 1 1

AgNO9

nd

1 1

1 1 2

- PLATING SOLUTION

comm

1 1 1 1

1 2

SOAP - AQUEOUS SOLUTION SODIC LYE

high

1 1

60

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

SODIUM - ACETATE - BICARBONATE

CH3COONa

100

1 1 1 1 1 1

NaHCO3

nd

- BISULPHITE

NaHSO3

100

- BROMIDE

NaBr

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 3 1 3 1

- CARBONATE

Na2CO3

sat

1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

26

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) nd

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

- CHLORATE

NaClO3

1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

- CHLORIDE

NaCl

dil

1 1 1 1 3 1 1

sat

- CYANIDE

NaCN

all

1 1 1 1

- FERROCYANIDE

Na4Fe(CN)6

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- FLUORIDE

NaF

all

1 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 1

- HYDROXIDE

NaOH

60

- HYPOCHLORITE

NaOCl

deb

1 1 1 1

- HYPOSULPHITE

Na2S3O3

nd

- NITRATE

NaNO3

nd

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

- PERBORATE

NaBO3H2O

all

- PHOSPHATE di

Na2HPO4

all

- PHOSPHATE tri

Na3PO4

all

1 1

- SULPHATE

Na2SO4

dil

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

sat

1 1 1 1 1 1

- SULPHIDE

Na2S

dil

sat

1 1 1 1

- SULPHITE

NaSO3

sat

1 2

STANNIC CHLORIDE

SnCl4

sat

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 2 1

1 1 1 1 1

STANNOUS CHLORIDE

SnCl2

dil

STEARIC ACID

CH3(CH2)16CO2H

100

2 1 1

1 1 1

1 2

2 1

1 1 1

SUGAR SYRUP

high

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

27
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

SULPHUR

1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

- DIOXIDE AQUEOUS

SO2

sat

3 3 1

- DIOXIDE DRY

all

1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 3

1 1 1

- DIOXIDE LIQUID

100

3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 1

1 1 1 1

- TRIOXIDE

SO3

100

SULPHURIC ACID

H2SO4

10

75

90

1 1 2 3 3 3 1

1 1 1 1 2 1

96

- FUMING

all

2 3 3 3 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- NITRIC AQUEOUS SOLUTION

H2SO4+HNO3+H20

48/49/3

50/50/0

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

10/20/70

TALLOW EMULSION

comm

TANNIC ACID

C14H10O9

10

TARTARIC ACID

HOOC(CHOH)2COOH

all

1 1 3

1 2

TETRACHLORO - ETHANE - ETHYLENE

CHCl2CHCl2

nd

CCl2CCl2

nd

TETRAETHYLLEAD

Pb(C2H5)4

100

TETRAHYDROFURAN

C4H8O

all

2 3 3

THIONYL CHLORIDE

SOCl3

2 3 3 3

1 2 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3

THIOPHENE

C4H4S

100

3 3

2 2

2 3

3 3

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

28

Material

Chemical

Formula

Conc. (%) 100

Temp. (C) 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100 25 60 100

uPVC

PE

PP

PVDF

PVC/C

NBR

EPM

FPM

TOLUENE

C6H5CH3

3 3 1 2 1 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 1

TRANSFORMER OIL

nd

2 3 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 1

1 1 1

3 3 3

3 3 3

3 3 3 3

TRICHLOROACETIC ACID TRICHLOROETHYLENE

CCl3COOH

50

2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 2

3 3 1

Cl2CCHCl

100

3 3 2

TRIETHANOLAMINE

N(CH2CH2OH)2

100

TURPENTINE

100

2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

UREA AQUEOUS SOLUTION

CO(NH2)2

10

33

URINE

nd

URIC ACID

C5H4N4O3

10

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 1

VASELINE OIL

100

VINYL ACETATE

CH3CO2CHCH2

100

WHISKY

comm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

WINES

comm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

WINE VINEGAR

comm

1 1 1 1 1 1

ZINC - CHLORIDE

ZnCl2

dil

1 1 1 1

sat

1 1 1

- CHROMATE

ZnCrO4

nd

- CYANIDE

Zn(CN)2

all

- NITRATE

Zn(NO3)2

nd

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

- SULPHATE

ZnSO4

dil

sat

1 1

Class 1: High Resistance Class 2: Limited Resistance Class 3: No Resistance.

29
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material
Table 2.2: General Guide for Chemical Resistance of Various Elastomers (Rubber Rings)
Important Information
The listed data are based on results of immersion tests on specimens, in the absence of any applied stress. ln certain circumstances, where the preliminary classification indicates high or limited resistance, it may be necessary to conduct further tests to assess the behaviour of pipes and fittings under internal pressure or other stresses. Variations in the analysis of the chemical compounds as well as in the operating conditions (pressure and temperature) can significantly modify the actual chemical resistance of the materials in comparison with this charts indicated value. It should be stressed that these ratings are intended only as a guide to be used for initial information on the material to be selected. They may not cover the particular application under consideration and the effects of altered temperatures or concentrations may need to be evaluated by testing under specific conditions. No guarantee can be given in respect of the listed data. Vinidex reserves the right to make any modification whatsoever, based upon further research and experiences.

Sources for Chemical Resistances of Rubbers Source 1


Chemical Resistance Data Sheets, Volume 2-Rubbers, Rapra Technology Limited, 1993

Source 2

Handbook of PVC Pipe Design and Construction, Third Edition, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 1993

Abbreviations
Material and Designation NR NBR CR SBR Natural Rubber Nitrile Rubber Polychloropene (Neoprene) Styrene Butadiene Rubber

EPDM Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer S L U Satisfactory Resistance Limited Resistance Unsatisfactory Resistance

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

30

Material

Chemical

Formula

Temp. (C)

Conc. (%)

NR

NBR

CR

SBR

EPDM

ACETALDEHYDE ACETIC ACID - glacial ACETIC ANHYDRIDE ACETONE ACETONITRILE ACETOPHENONE ACETYL CHLORIDE ACRYLIC ACID ALUMINIUM -chloride -sulphate AMMONIUM -hydroxide -sulphate AMYL ACETATE AMYL ALCOHOL ANILINE ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE AQUA REGIA ARSENIC ACID BARIUM -chloride -hydroxide -sulphate BENZALDEHYDE BENZENE BENZYL CHLORIDE BENZYL ALCOHOL BORIC ACID BROMINE BUTANOIS (butyl alcohols) BUTYL ACETATE BUTYL CHLORIDE BUTYRIC ACID CALCIUM -chloride -hydroxide -hypochlorite -nitrate CARBON DISULPHIDE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CASTROL OIL CELLOSOLVE (2-ethoxyethanol) CELLOSOLVE ACETATE CHLORIDE -dry gas CHLORINE DIOXIDE CHLORINE WATER CHLOROBENZENE CHLOROFORM CHLOROSULPHONIC ACID CHROMIC ACID (plating soln) CITRIC ACID COPPER -acetate -chloride -cyanide -sulphate COTTONSEED OIL CREOSOTE CRESOL CYCLOHEXANONE CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANOL DIESEL OIL DIETHYL ETHER DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMETHYLAMINE DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE DIOCTYL PHTHALATE DIOXANE

CH3CHO CH3COOH (CH3CO)2O CH3COCH3 CH3COC6H5

AICI3 AI2(SO4)3 NH4(OH) (NH4)2SO4 CH3CO2CH2(CH2)3CH3 CH3(CH2)3CH2OH C6H5NH2 SbCI3 HCI + HNO3 H3AsO4 BaCI2 BaOH2 BaSO4 C6H5CHO C6H6

H3BO3 Br3 C4H9OH CH3CO2CH2CH2CH2CH3 C2H5CH2COOH CaCI2 CaOH2

CS2 CCI4

Ci2

CHCI3 CIHSO3 CrO3 + H2O C3H4(OH)CO2H)3 CuCI2 CuSO4

CH3C6H4OH C6H10O C6H12

C2H5OC2H5 (CH3)2NH

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

10

10 35 50

10

L S L L S S U U L S S S S U L L S U S S

U U U L S U S U U U S S

10

U U S L U U U U U U U U S

S S U U U U U U S L U U U

U S L U U U U U U S S S S U L U S U S S S S U U U U S U S U U U S S U S U U S L U U U U U U U U S L S S S S L U U L L S U S S U L U

U S U S U S U U L S S S S U S L S U S S S S U U U L S U S U U L S S U S U U S L U U U U U U U L S L S S S S U L U L L L L S L U U U

U S L L L S U U U S S S S U L S S U S S S S U U U L S U S U U U S S U S U U S U U U U U U U U U S L S S L U U U U U U U U S U U U U

S S L L S S S U S S S S S U L S S U S S S S U U U S S U S L U U S S S S U U L L S U U L U U U U S S S S S S U U L U L U U S U S S L

Resistance: S = Satisfactory L = Limited U = Unsatisfactory

31
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Material

Chemical

Formula

Temp. (C)

Conc. (%)

NR

NBR

CR

SBR

EPDM

ETHANE ETHANOL (ethyl alcohol) ETHYL -benzene -acetate -chloride -ether ETHYLENE -bromide -dichloride -glycol (ethanediol) FERRIC -chloride -nitrate -sulphate FLUOBORIC ACID FLUORINE FLUOSILIC ACID FORMALDEHYDE FORMIC ACID FURFURALDEHYDE (furfural) HEXANE HYDRAZINE HYDROBROMIC ACID HYDROCHLORIC ACID HYDROFLUORIC ACID HYDROGEN -peroxide -sulphide iSO-OCTANE (2,2,4-trimethylbentane) ISOPROPYL -alcohol -chloride -ether KEROSINE LACTIC ACID LEAD -acetate -nitrate -sulphamate LINSEED OIL LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS LUBRICATING OIL MAGNESIUM -carbonate -chloride -hydroxide -sulphate MANGANESE -sulphate MURCURIC -chloride METHYL -alcohol (methanol) -bromide (bromomethane) -ethyl ketone METHYLENE -chloride MOLASSES NAPTHALENE NATURAL GAS NICKEL -chloride -sulphate NITRIC ACID NITROBENZENE NITROMETHANE NITROPROPANE OLEIC ACID OXALIC ACID OZONE PARAFIN -emulsion/oil PETROL PERCHLOROETHYLENE PHENOL

CH3CH2OH

CH3CH2CI

HOCH2CH2OH FeCI3

F2 HSiF6 HCOH HCOOH C6H14 HBr HCI HF H2O2 H2S C8H18 (CH3)2CHOH

CH3CHOHCOOH Pb(CH3COO)2

MgCO3 MgCL2 MgOH2 MgSO4 HgCi2 CH3OH CH3Br CH3COCH2CH3 CH2CI2

NiCI2 NiSO4 HNO3 C6H5NO2

C8H17CHCH(CH2)7CO2H HO2CCO2H O3

C6H5OH

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

S U U U U S S S S S U S S L U U S S L L L S U U U S

40 90

50 10 36 40 35 87

90 10

S S S U U S

S S S U U U S U S 10 70 L U U L L U S U U U U L

S S U U U U U U S S S S S U S U L U S L U S S U S U U S S U L S L S S L S S S S S L S S S S U U U S U S S S L U U L U S L U S S U U

L S U U U U U U S S S S S U S L L U L L L S S S S U S L S U L U S S S S L L S S S S S S S S U U U S U S S S L U U S L L S L L U U L

U S U U U U U S S S S S U L L S U L S U S L S S U U U S U U S S S L U U U S S L L S S S U U U S U U S L L U U L L U L U U L U L

U S U L L U U L S S S S S U S S S S U S S S L S S S S U S U U U S S S S S U U S S S S S S S U S U S U U S S S U S L S L S S U U U S

Resistance: S = Satisfactory L = Limited U = Unsatisfactory

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

32

Material

Chemical

Formula

Temp. (C)

Conc. (%) 85

NR

NBR

CR

SBR

EPDM

PHOSPHORIC -acid PICRIC ACID POTASSIUM -cyanide -floride -hydroxide -permanganate -nitrate -sulphate PROPYLENE OXIDE PYRIDINE SEA WATER SEWAGE SODIUM -carbonate -chloride -cyanide -hydroxide -hypochlorite -nitrate -nitrite -perborte -peroxide -phosphate -silicate -sulphate -thiosulphate STANNIC CHLORIDE (Tin (IV) Chloide) SULPHAMIC ACID SULPHUR DIOXIDE (gas) SULPHURIC ACID

H3PO4 HO6H2(NO2)3 KCN KF KOH KMnO4 KNO3 K2SO4 CH(CHCH)2N

NA2CO3 NaCI NaCN NaOH NaOCI NaNO3 NaNO2

Na2SO4 SnCI4 SO2 H2SO4

TETRACHLOROETHANE TETRAHYDROFURAN THIONYL CHLORIDE TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE TOLUENE TRICHLOROACETIC ACID TRICHLOROETHANE TRICHLORETHYLENE TRIETHANOLAMINE TRIETHYLAMINE TURPENTINE VEGETABLE OILS VINYL ACETATE WATER XYLENE ZINC -acetate -chloride -sulphate

CHCI2CHCI2 C4H8O SOCI3 C6H5CH3 CCI3COOH CI2CCHCI N(CH2CH2OH)2

CH3CO2CHCH2 H2O C8H10 ZnCI2 ZnSO4

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

50 25

10 25 10 20

S L S S S L S S L U S S S S S L S S S S

U L S S S S S S U U S S S S S S S S L S L S S S L S S L S U U U U U U L U L U U S L S S L S U L S S

S L S S S S S S L U S S S S S S S S S S L S S S S S S L S L U U U U U U U U U U S U U S S S U L S S

S L S S L L S S U U S S S S S S S L L S L S S L L S S U S U U U U U U U U L U U L U U U U S U U S L

S S S S S S S S L L S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S U U U U L U U L U U S U U L U S U S S S

10 70 96 FUMING

S S U S U U U U U U U U L U U L U U U U S U S

Resistance: S = Satisfactory L = Limited U = Unsatisfactory

33
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems

Design

Contents
AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS SELECTION OF PIPE DIAMETER AND CLASS FLOW CONSIDERATIONS Basis Of Design Flow Charts Other Pipe Flow Formulas Relating Roughness Coefficients Effect of Varying Parameters Roughness Consideration Form Resistance to Flow Worked Examples Flow Charts PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS Static Stresses Dynamic Stresses TEMPERATURE CONSIDERATIONS Maximum Service Temperature Pressure Rating Expansion and Contraction ABRASION RESISTANCE MINE SUBSIDENCE TRANSVERSE BUCKLING Unsupported Collapse Pressure Examples of Class Selection for Buckling WATER HAMMER Celerity Pipe Response 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 14 24 24 25 32 30 30 32 33 33 35 35 39 39 40 41

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design

Contents
THRUST SUPPORT Pressure Thrust Velocity Thrust Thrust Blocks Vertical Thrusts AIR AND SCOUR VALVES Air Valves Scour Valves SOIL AND TRAFFIC LOADS BENDING LOADS Installing Pipes on a Curve Joint Deflection Bending of Pipes 42 42 43 43 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 46 46

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

ii

Disclaimer Minimum pack quantities apply to all products, orders will automatically be adjusted to minimum pack quantities or multiple. Limitation of Liability This product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (the Company) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Companys products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Companys products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Companys Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited.

Design
This section covers specification, selection and design considerations for PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pressure pipe systems. Series 1 pipes are generally coloured white and Series 2 pipes are generally coloured light blue. This standard covers Series 1 pipes in sizes from DN 10 upwards with solvent cement joints or rubber ring joints (Polydex) and Series 2 (Vinyl Iron) pipes from DN 100 with rubber ring joints. As Supermain pipes achieve their performance enhancement from molecular orientation, it is possible to vary the mechanical properties by changing the orientation level. AS4441 (Int) covers a range of PVC-O pipe materials, classified by their Minimum Required Strength or MRS value. The material class is related to the MRS as shown in the table below

AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS
Australian Standards for PVC pipes cover composition, dimensions, performance and marking requirements for pipes, fittings and joints. Pipes are designated by their nominal size (DN) and their nominal pressure rating or class at 20C (PN). Standards generally cover more than one size range with different outside diameters. These are identified in the marking on the pipe and sometimes by colour. Special purpose colours for specific applications may also be used, such as purple for recycled water. For a given diameter series and nominal size, the mean outside diameter is specified and the wall thickness increases with increasing pressure rating. The standard effective length of PVC pipes is 6m although other lengths, up to 12m, may also be available. Pipes are supplied with an integral socket for either solvent cement or rubber ring 1 jointing or as plain-ended pipes for jointing with couplings. The following Australian Standards specify requirements for PVC pressure pipes.

AS/NZS 4441 - Oriented PVC (OPVC) pipes for pressure applications


AS/NZS 4441 is an adoption of the International Standard ISO 16422 with some additional requirements for Australia and New Zealand. AS/NZS 4441 has specifications for two diameter series. These are: ISO series. These pipes are known as Supermain International pipes and fully comply with both AS/ NZS 4441 and ISO 16422; and Series 2. These pipes are compatible with the Australian Cast/Ductile Iron pipe outside diameter series and are known as Supermain. Supermain pipes meet the material and performance requirements of both standards and the dimensional requirements of AS/NZS 4441. Supermain Series 1 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured white. Supermain Series 2 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured light blue. Other colours may be used for different applications for both Series such as purple for recycled water and cream for pressure sewer pipes. Both series are available in rubber ring joints only.

Material Class
315 355 400 450 500

MRS (MPa)
31.5 35.5 40 45 50

Material class for a given pipe can be identified by the marking on the pipe. Vinidex specialises in the higher material classes of PVC-O.

AS/NZS 4765 (Int.) Modified PVC (PVC-M) pipes for pressure applications
Series 1 (Vinidex Hydro Series 1) and Series 2 (Vinidex Hydro Series 2) PVC-M pressure pipes are covered by AS/NZS 4765. Series 1 pipes have either solvent cement joints or rubber ring joints. Series 2 pipes have rubber ring joints only. Sizes start from DN 100 for both series. Vinidex Hydro Series 1 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured white. Vinidex Hydro Series 2 pipes for drinking water applications are coloured light blue. Other colours may be used for different applications for both Series such as purple for recycled water and cream for pressure sewer pipes.

AS/NZS 1477 - PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applications


AS/NZS 1477 covers two size ranges of PVC-U pipes. Series 1 is a metric size range and Series 2 is compatible with the outside diameter of Australian cast and ductile iron pipes.

1. Current Australian Standard terminology is elastomeric ring joint, however the simpler term rubber ring joint is used throughout this manual
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
SELECTION OF PIPE DIAMETER AND CLASS
The pipe diameter and class of PVC pipes is selected by consideration of the required hydraulic capacity and the expected operating conditions. For determination of the flow capacity, it is the mean internal diameter or bore which is the significant dimension. The mean bore for pipes to Australian Standards is calculated as mean OD minus twice the mean wall thickness. Along with other relevant dimensions, the mean bore of PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pipes is tabulated in the product data section of this manual Australian Standards classify PVC pipe into pressure classes shown in Table 3.1. Note that not all of these classes apply to all product ranges. Consult the relevant standard for applicable classes. This classification is intended to provide a first order guide to the duty for which the pipes are intended. These working pressures incorporate a suitable factor of safety to ensure trouble free operation under average service conditions. There are, however, many factors which must be considered when determining the severity of service and the appropriate class of pipe. In some instances, standard factors of safety may be too conservative, in others too risky. The final choice is up to the designer in the light of his knowledge of his particular situation. Amongst the factors to be considered are: 1. Operating pressure characteristics: a) Maximum steady state or static pressures. b) Dynamic conditions, frequency and magnitude of pressure variations due to system operation or demand variation. 2. Temperature: The stress capability of PVC is temperature dependent. 3. Other load conditions: Earth loads, traffic loads, bending stresses, installation loads, expansion and contraction stresses and other mechanical loads. 4. Service life required: For short-term projects, e.g. mining, a life of 5 to 15 years could be appropriate; for irrigation, possibly 15 to 30 years; for municipal water supplies, 30 to 100 years. 5. Factor of safety: Dependent largely on the likelihood and consequences of failure, and the number of unknowns. Basic factors of safety built into Australian Standards for PVC pipes are applied at the design point of 50 years. For PVC-U to AS/ NZS 1477 the standard safety factor is 2.145, for PVC-O, it is 1.6 and for PVC-M it is 1.42 For situations involving high costs of down-time and repair, a higher factor should be used. These considerations are discussed in detail later in this section.

Table 3.1 Maximum Working Pressure

PN
4.5 6 8 9 10 12 12.5 15 16 18 20

Meters head (MPa)


46 61 81 91 102 122 127 153 163 184 204 0.45 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.25 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0

2.For PVC-U, the safety factor is applied to the mean extrapolated stress whereas for PVC-O and PVC-M it is applied to the 97.5% lower confidence limit.
PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
FLOW CONSIDERATION Basis Of Design Flow Charts
Vinidex flow charts, as detailed in the following pages, relate the percentage hydraulic gradient to the diameter, discharge and flow velocity of PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pressure pipelines. PVC-O and PVC-M pipes have a larger internal bore than standard PVC-U for a given size and pressure class, thus providing increased flow capacity. This may allow a smaller size to be chosen for a given application or, for reduced pumping costs to be realised in a size for size installation. The flow charts are based on Darcys expression for energy loss in pipes, i.e. The Colebrook-White transitional flow function is used to evaluate the friction factor, i.e.
3.7D

Re f

2.51

Note: The first term in brackets relates to surface roughness. The second term in brackets relates to viscous effects = VD v

Where: Re = Reynolds Number k = Colebrook-White roughness coeff. (m) v = Kinematic viscosity of water (m2/s)

2 Hydraulic = H = f V L H 2g Gradient

where:
H = uniform frictional head loss (m) L = pipe length (m) f = Darcy friction factor V = velocity of flow (m/s) D = pipe internal diameter (m) g = gravitational acceleration
(9.8m/s2)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

[
4

1 = 2 log10 f

k +

Design
Depending on the nature of the surface of a pipe and the velocity of fluid that it is carrying, the flow in a pipe will either be rough turbulent, smooth turbulent or most probably somewhere in between. The Colebrook-White transition equation incorporates the smooth turbulent and rough turbulent conditions. For a smooth pipe the first term in the brackets tends to zero and the second term predominates. For a rough pipe the first term in the brackets predominates, particularly at flows with a high Reynolds Number. This equation is therefore of almost universal application to virtually any surface roughness, pipe size, fluid or velocity of flow in the turbulent range. Substituting for f in the Darcy equation notes that: Q = flow velocity x pipe internal area Where: Q = discharge (m3/s) This leads to the following expression upon which the flow charts are based.
Q=
D2

Examples 1. What is the hydraulic gradient (H/L) and Velocity (V) in DN 100, PN 12 Series 1 PVC-U pipe flowing at 10 L/s? From the Series 1 PN 12 flow chart, locate intercept of DN 100 line (East /West) and Discharge (Q) for 10 L/s (SW/ NE). Trace back along hydraulic gradient line (NW/SE) to find H/L = 1.3 m/100 m From Diameter/Discharge intercept, trace (South) to find V = 1.25 m/s. 2. What hydraulic gradient is required to achieve a flow velocity of 1 m/s in a DN 300 PN 9 Series 1 PVC-U pipe? From the Series 1 PN 9 flow chart, locate intercept of DN 300 line (East/West) with velocity V = 1 m/s (North/South). Trace back along hydraulic gradient line (NW/SE) to find H/L = 0.25 m/100 m.

Other Pipe Flow Formulas


Other pipe flow formulas include: a) The Manning formula:

b) The Hazen-Williams formula: V = 0.849 C R


0.63

Where: n = Manning roughness coefficient C = Hazen-Williams roughness coefficient R = Hydraulic radius (m) (R = D/4 for a pipe flowing full) H/L = Hydraulic gradient (m/m) Though both formulas do not give the same accuracy as the Colebrook-White equation over a wide range of flows they are often used in hydraulics because of their comparative simplicity.

2gDH log 10 L

3.7

k +

2.51q

2gDH L

This Colebrook-White based formula is now recognised by engineers throughout the world as the most accurate basis for hydraulic design, having had ample experimental confirmation over a wide range of flow conditions.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

2/3 V= 1 R n

H L

1/2

H L

0.54

Design
Relating Roughness Coefficients
Knowing k the equivalent roughness coefficients n and C for the other two formulas can be compared as follows:
-1/6 1 2g log10 n = 5.04D

k + 3.7

2.51v 2gD H L

C = 5.64D

-0.13

H L

-0.04

2g log10

k + 3.7

2.51v 2gD H L

Table 3.2 Equivalent Roughness Coefficients

ID (m)
0.20

k (m)
0.003 x 10-3 0.015 x 10-3 0.03 x 10-3 0.15 x 10-3 0.3 x 10-3 0.6 x 10-3

1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6 1 x 10-6

0.45

0.003 x 10-3 0.015 x 10-3 0.03 x 10-3 0.15 x 10-3 0.3 x 10-3 0.6 x 10-3

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

[
v (m2/s) H/L (m/m)
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

[
n
0.0082 0.0084 0.0086 0.0096 0.01 0.011 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0099 0.011 0.011

C
154 151 147 132 123 113 156 152 148 132 123 114

Design
Effect of Varying Parameters
For a given discharge Q, the friction head loss H developed in a pipeline will vary with the following parameters:

Manufacturing Diameter Tolerance


Vinidex pressure pipe is manufactured in accordance with Australian Standards which permit specific manufacturing tolerance on both its mean outside diameter and wall thickness. Hence the mean bore of a pipe is given by:
Mean bore = Dm
mean OD

Parameter
Water temperature Small changes in pipe diameter Roughness coefficient

Set Value
20oC mean diameter
(Australian Standards)

mean wall thickness

k = 0.003mm

Designers should use their own discretion as to whether or not it is appropriate to vary these parameters.

The Size DN lines on the flow chart correspond to the mean bore of that size and class of pipe. (See product data section) However, it is conceivable that a pipe could be manufactured with a maximum OD and a minimum wall thickness within approved tolerances. In this case, the discharge will be more than that indicated by the charts. Similarly, a pipe with a minimum OD and a maximum wall thickness will have a lower discharge than indicated. For a given discharge the variation in friction head loss or hydraulic gradient due to this effect can be of the order of 2% to 10% depending on the pipe size and class. For pipe sizes greater than DN 100 this variation is usually limited to 6% for a PN 18 pipe.

Water Temperature
The viscosity of water decreases with increasing temperature. As the temperature increases the friction head will decrease. An approximate allowance for the effect of the variation in water temperature is as follows:Increase the chart value of the hydraulic gradient by 1% for each 2 C below 20 C. Decrease the chart value of the hydraulic gradient by 1% for each 2 C above 20 C.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Roughness Consideration
The value of k, the roughness coefficient, has been chosen as 0.003 mm for new, clean, concentrically jointed Vinidex pressure pipe. This figure for k agrees with recommended values given in Australian Standard AS 2200 (Design Charts for Water Supply and Sewerage). It also is in line with work by Housen1 at the University of Texas which confirms that results for PVC pipe compare favourably with accepted values for smooth pipes for flows with Reynolds Number exceeding 10 4. Roughness may vary within a pipeline for a variety of reasons. However, in water supply pipelines using clean Vinidex PVC pressure pipe these effects are minimised if not eliminated and k can be reliably taken as being equal to 0.003 mm. Factors which may result in a higher k value include: Wear or roughening due to conveyed solids. Growth of slime or other incrustations on the inside. Joint irregularities and deflections in line and grade. Engineers who wish to adopt higher values of k should take into account some of the above effects in relation to their particular circumstances. The maximum suggested value is 0.015 mm. Table 3-3 lists the percentage increase in the hydraulic gradient for typical k values above 0.003 mm for various flow velocities. Example What is the corrected Hydraulic Gradient for roughness coefficient of 0.015 if the H/L read from the charts was 0.25 m/100 m for a DN 300 pipe and a velocity of 1 m/s? (see example 2, design.6) From Table 3.3 correction factor is 2.8%. Corrected H/L = 1.028 x 0.25 = 0.257m.

Table 3.3 Percentage Increase in Hydraulic Gradient for Values of k higher than 0.003mm

Size DN
50

Flow velocity (m/s)


0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0

k = 0.006 (mm)
0.6% 1.0% 1.6% 2.7% 0.5% 0.9% 1.5% 2.4% 0.4% 0.8% 1.3% 2.2% 0.4% 0.7% 1.2% 2.0% 0.4% 0.6% 1.1% 1.9%

k = 0.015 (mm)
2.3% 3.8% 6.2% 9.8% 2.0% 3.3% 5.5% 8.8% 1.8% 2.9% 4.9% 7.9% 1.6% 2.8% 4.6% 7.4% 1.5% 2.5% 4.3% 6.9%

100

0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0

200

0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0

Note: Significant additional losses can be caused by design or operational faults such as air entrapment, sedimentation, partly closed valves or other artificial restrictions. Every effort should be made to eliminate such problems. It is not recommended that k values be adjusted to compensate, since this may lead to errors of judgement concerning the true hydraulic gradient.

300

0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0

450

0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0

1. HOUSEN, Tests find friction Factors in PVC pipe. Oil & Gas Journal Vol. 75, 1977

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Form Resistance to Flow
In a pipeline, energy is lost wherever there is a change in cross section or flow direction. These energy losses which occur as a result of disturbances to the normal flow show up as pressure drops in the pipeline. These form losses which occur at sudden changes in section, at valves and at fittings are usually small compared with the friction losses in long pipelines. However, they may contribute a significant part to the total losses in short pipeline systems with several fittings. It can be shown that form losses in pipes may be expressed as a constant multiplied by the velocity head: i.e. loss in pressure head

HL (m)

= K

V2 2g

Where: V = velocity (m/s) from the flow chart K = resistance coefficient (from Table 3.4)

Table 3.4 Resistance Coefficients for Valves, Fittings and Changes in Pipe Cross Section

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Example What is the head loss in a DN 100 short radius 90 elbow when the flow velocity is 1m/s? (Table 3.4) K = 1.1 for a short radius elbow Head loss
HL = K = 1.1 x V2 2g 12 2 x 9.8

Table 3.5 Value of Darcy Friction Factor f at Flow Velocity of 1 m/s and Roughness Coefficient 0.003 mm

ID (m)
0.5 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.45

Friction Factor f
0.021 0.018 0.0165 0.0158 0.0146 0.0135

= 0.06m

Hence for any pipeline system the total form resistance to flow can be determined by adding together the individual head losses at each valve, fitting or change in cross section.

With increasing flow velocity, f will decrease. At V = 4 m/s, t is approximately 75% of the above values, i.e. the values in the table above are conservative. Example What is the equivalent straight pipe length of a DN 100 short radius 90 elbow?
Le = KD = 1.1 x 0.096 = 5.9m 0.018 f

Equivalent Length (Le)


Form losses in fittings, valves, etc., are sometimes expressed in terms of an equivalent length of straight pipe which has the same resistance to flow as the valve or fitting. By equating the form loss expression to the Darcy formula for energy loss in pipelines i.e.
2 HL = K V = f Le D 2g

K = 1.1 D = 0.096m f = 0.018

(Table 3.4) (product data section) (Table 3.5)

V2 2g

the equivalent length Le is given by


Le = KD f

As a general rule the equivalent length method is not preferred as the value of the friction factor f depends not only on the ColebrookWhite roughness coefficient chosen but also on the particular pipe size and velocity of flow (see Table 3.4).

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

10

Design
Worked Examples
Example 1: Gravity Main Water is required to flow at a discharge of 36,000 litres per hour from a storage tank on a hill to an outlet 3 km away. The difference in water level between the tank and the discharge end is 48m. Example 2: Gravity Main A pipeline 6.5km long is required to deliver a flow of at least 30L/s. The storage tank at the pipeline inlet has a minimum water level 45m higher than the outlet. Pipe is required to be selected from the Series 2 diameter range. What size and class of Vinidex pipe should be selected? Try Vinidex Hydro. Discharge = 25L/s Hydraulic Gradient =
H 40 = L 6500 x 100 = 0.6m/100m

1. What size and class of Vinidex PVC-U pipe is required? 2. What is the flow velocity and actual discharge?
Discharge Q = 36,000 L/s = 10 L/s

2. Now that the pipe has been selected, check actual flow. Using PN 6 flow chart find the intersection of DN 100 line and Hydraulic Gradient = 1.6m/100m. Velocity V = 1.41m/s (Bottom scale)

From the Vinidex Hydro Series 2 flow chart, find the intersection of Q=30 L/s and H/L=0.6. Read off the nearest larger pipe size which gives DN 200. The maximum pressure is 45m; therefore, a PN 6 pipe would be suitable. Using the flow chart, find the intersection of the DN 200, PN 6 with H/L = 0.6. Read of the flow velocity from the bottom scale and the actual flow rate from the left hand scale. This gives V = 1.43 m/s and Q =54 L/s.

Hydraulic Gradient =
H 48m = x 100 = 1.6m/100m L 3,000m

discharge Q = 12.8L/s (Left hand scale) = 46,080L/h

1. Minimum Class required is PN 6. From flow chart: find intersection of Q = 10 L/s (Left hand scale) and H/L = 1.6 (Top scale) Read off nearest larger pipe DN 100 (Right hand scale). Therefore DN 100, PN 6 pipe is required.

11

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Example 3: Pumping Main and Form Losses A pumping line is required to deliver 35 L/s from a low level dam to a high level holding tank. The length of the line is 5 km. The maximum level of the holding tank is 100 m and the minimum level of the dam is 60 m. To avoid the need for sophisticated water hammer control gear, the engineer wishes to restrict flow velocity to a maximum 1 m/s. Calculate: 1. The size and class of Vinidex PVC-U pipe required. 2. The form head losses due to valves and fittings. 3. The head required at the pump. Try PN6 PVC-U pipe. Discharge Q = 35L/s (Left hand scale). This intersects the 1m/sec velocity line (Bottom scale) at approximately DN 200 pipe. Try DN200 and DN225:

Size DN
200 225

Flow velocity (Bottom scale)


0.99 m/s 0.81 m/s

Hydraulic gradient (Top scale)


0.36m/100m 0.22m/100m

Calculate friction head in pipelines

Size DN
200 225

Pipe friction head


0.36 x 5000m/100m = 18m 0.22 x 5000m/100m = 11m

1. The pipe friction Head

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

12

Design
2. Form head losses a) DN200 pipe. First calculate velocity head

V2 = 0.992 = 0.05m 2g 2 x 9.8

Valve or fitting
Hinge disc foot valve (with strainer) 2 Gate valves (fully open) 1 Reflux valve 4 x 90o elbows 2 x 45 elbows
o

(Table 3.4)
15.00 0.2 2.50 1.10 0.35 1.00 Total form head losses

K value

Head loss (m)


15.00 x 0.05 = 0.75 2 x 0.2 x 0.05 = 0.02 2.50 x 0.05 = 0.125 4 x 1.10 x 0.05 = 0.220 2 x 0.35 x 0.05 = 0.035 1.00 x 0.05 = 0.050 = 1.2m

1 square outlet

b) DN 225 pipe. Form head losses = 0.72m 3. Total pumping head = pipe friction + form + static head losses head Static head = difference in level storage tank to dam = l00m - 60m = 40m

Size DN
200 225

Friction + form head losses


18m 11m

+ + +

static head
40m 40m

+ + +

Total head
59.2m 51.7m

+ +

1.2m 0.7m

Conclusion: It can be seen that PN 6 PVC-U pipe is required. The effect of valves and fittings in a system such as this is far outweighed by the pipe flow friction and static head losses. The most efficient and economic choice would be the DN 200 pipeline, giving a pumping head of 59.2 m and a flow velocity of 0.99 m/s.

13

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Flow Charts
Flow Chart for Vinidex Hydro PVC-M Pressure pipe Series 2 PN6, PN9, PN12, PN16 AS/NZS 4765
Head Loss - Meters Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe

Discharge - Litres per Second (L/s)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

14

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

10 9 8 7

4.0
3.0

Flow Chart for Supermain PVC-O Pressure pipe Series 2 PN12, PN16 AS4441

Head Loss - Meters Head of Water of per 100 meters of Pipe

SIZ

2.0

1.0 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60

MIN

1.5

1.0 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60

0.50 0.40 0.30

0.50

1.0

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.20

0.5
0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03

0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07

0.06

0.05

0.25

0.04

0.03

0.02

VE L

OC ITY

0.02

m/ s

Design

0.01 .009 .008 .007 .006 .005

0.01 .009 .008 .007

.006

10

Discharge - Litres per Second (L/s)

20

40

60

80

100

200

400

600

.005 800 1000

15

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

E
10 0

AL

15 0

NO

20 0

250 225

300

NO MI N AL S IZE

Design

Flow Chart for Vinyl Iron PVC Pressure pipe Series 1 PN6, PN9, PN12
Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

16

Design

Flow Chart for Vinidex Hydro PVC-M Pressure pipe Series 1 PN6, PN9, PN12 AS/NZS 4765
Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

17

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 - PN4.5 AS 1477


Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe Size DN

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

Velocity (m/s)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

18

Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 PN6 AS 1477


Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe Size DN

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

Velocity (m/s)

19

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 PN9 AS 1477


Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe Size DN

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

Velocity (m/s)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

20

Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 PN12 AS 1477


Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe Size DN

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

Velocity (m/s)

21

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 PN15 AS 1477


Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe Size DN

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

Velocity (m/s)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

22

Design

Flow Chart for PVC-U Pressure pipe Series 1 PN18 AS 1477


Head Loss Metres Head of Water per 100 meters of Pipe

Discharge Litres per Second (L/s)

23

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS Static Stresses
The hydrostatic pressure capacity of PVC pipe is related to the following variables: 1. The ratio between the outer diameter and the wall thickness (dimension ratio). 2. The hydrostatic design stress for the PVC material. 3. The operating temperature. 4. The duration of the stress applied by the internal hydrostatic pressure. The pressure rating of PVC pipe can be ascertained by dividing the long-term pressure capacity of the pipe by the desired factor of safety. Although PVC pipe can withstand short-term hydrostatic pressure applications at levels substantially higher than pressure rating or class, the performance of PVC pipe in response to applied internal hydrostatic pressure should be based on the pipes long- term strength. By international convention, the relationship between the internal pressure in the pipe, the diameter and wall thickness and the circumferential hoop stress developed in the wall, is given by the Barlow Formula, which can be expressed in the following forms:
P = 2TS Dmean = 2TminS (Dmmin - tmin)

and alternatively, for pipe design,


PDmmin Tmin = 2S + P

T = wall thickness (mm) Dm = mean outside diameter (mm) Dmean = Diameter the mid wall (mm) P = internal pressure (MPa) S = circumferential hoop stress (MPa)

where:

These formulas have been standardised for use in design, routine testing and research work and are thus applicable at all levels of pressure and stress. They form the basis for establishment of ultimate material limitations for plastic pipes by pressure testing. For design purposes, P is taken as the maximum allowable working pressure with s being the maximum allowable hoop stress (at 20 C) given below:

PVC-U pipes up to DN150 DN175 PVC-U pipes and larger Material Class 400 Oriented PVC pipes (PVC-O) Material Class 450 Orientated PVC pipes (PVC-O) Material Class 500 Orientated PVC pipes (PVC-O) Modified PVC pipes (PVC-M)

11MPa 12.3MPa 25MPa 28MPa 32MPa 17.5MPa

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

24

Design
Dynamic Stresses
PVC pressure pipes are designed on the basis of a burst regression line for pipes subjected to constant internal pressure. From this long term testing and analysis, nominal working pressure classes are allocated to pipes as a first indication of the duty for which they are suitable. However, there are many other factors which must be considered, including the effects of dynamic loading. Whilst most gravity pressure lines operate substantially under constant pressure, pumped lines frequently do not. Pressure fluctuations in pumped mains result from events such as pump start-up and shutdown and valves opening and closing. It is essential that the effects of this type of loading be considered in the pipeline design phase to avoid premature failure. The approach adopted for pipe design and class selection when considering these events depends on the anticipated frequency of the pressure fluctuation. For frequent, repetitive pressure variations, the designer must consider the potential for fatigue and design accordingly. For random, isolated surge events, for example, those which result from emergency shutdowns, the designer must ensure that the maximum and minimum pressures experienced by the system are within acceptable limits.

Definitions Surge
For the purposes of this document, surge is defined as a rapid, very short-term pressure variation caused by an accidental, unplanned event such as an emergency shutdown resulting from a power failure. Surge events are characterised by high pressure rise rates with no time spent at the peak pressure.

Diurnal pressure changes

Fatigue

In contrast, fatigue is associated with a large number of repetitive events. Many materials will fail at a lower stress when subjected to cyclic of repetitive loads than when under static loads. This type of failure is known as (cyclic) fatigue. For thermoplastic pipe materials, fatigue is only relevant where a large number of cycles are anticipated. The important factors to consider are the magnitude of the stress fluctuation, the loading frequency and the intended service life. Where large pressure fluctuations are predicted, fatigue design might be required if the total number of cycles over the intended lifetime of the pipeline exceeds 25,000. For smaller pressure cycles, a larger number of cycles can be tolerated.

Diurnal pressure changes are gradual pressure changes which occur in most distribution pipelines as a result of demand variation. It is generally accepted that diurnal pressure changes will not cause fatigue. The only design consideration required for this type of pressure fluctuation is that the maximum pressure should not exceed the pressure rating of the pipe.

Surge design

Pressure Range

Pressure range is defined as the maximum pressure minus the minimum pressure, including all transients, experienced by the system during normal operations

It has long been recognised that PVC pipes are capable of handling short-term stresses far greater than the long-term loads upon which they are designed. That is, PVC pipes can cope with higher pressures than they are designed for provided the higher pressures are of only a short duration. However, this characteristic feature is not utilised in design in Australia and design recommendations advise that the peak pressure should not exceed the nominal working pressure of the pipe. This recommendation is based on the fact the pipes should not be considered in isolation but as part of a system. Whilst the pipes themselves might be capable of withstanding occasional, short duration exposure to pressures in excess of the design pressure, the same assumption may not apply to the pipeline system. Where the generation of negative pressures is anticipated, the possibility of transverse buckling should be considered. This topic is addressed elsewhere.

25

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Fatigue design
This type of experimental data inevitably has a degree of scatter and it has been Australian practice, after Joseph (3), to adopt the lower bound for design purposes. This approach is retained here because it ensures the design has a positive safety factor and recognises that pipelines may sustain minor surface damage during installation, which could promote fatigue crack initiation. Note that for fatigue loading situations, the maximum pressure reached in the repetitive cycle should not exceed the static pressure rating of the pipe. Recommended fatigue cycle factors for PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O are given in Table 1 below:

The fatigue response of thermoplastics pipe materials, particularly PVC, has been extensively investigated 302:313. The results of laboratory studies can be used to establish a relationship between stress range, defined here as the difference between the maximum and minimum stress (see Fig 2), and the number of cycles to failure. From these relationships it is possible to derive load factors that can be applied to the operating pressures, to enable selection of an appropriate class of pipe.

Recommended fatigue cycle factors for PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O are given in Table 1 below:

Total Cycles

Approx No. Cycles/day for 100y life

Fatigue Cycle Factors, f


PVC-U PVC-M 1 0.67 0.54 0.41 0.33 0.25 0.25 0.25` 1 0.75 0.66 0.56 0.49 0.41 0.41 0.41 PVC-O

26,400 100,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,500,000 5,000,000 10,000,000

1 3 5.5 14 27 82 137 274

1 1 0.81 0.62 0.5 0.38 0.38 0.38

Using Table 1, the Maximum Cyclic Pressure Range for a given class of pipe can be calculated from the following formula:
PN x f MCPR = 10

Charts plotting the MCPR versus the number of cycles for a range of pressure classes of PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O pipes are plotted here 302:PVC-U , 302:PVC-M or 302:PVC-O or as PDF versions. 302:PVCUpdf, 302:PVCMpdf, 302:PVCOpdf

Procedure

To select the appropriate pipe class for fatigue loading, the following procedure should be adopted: Estimate the likely pressure range, i.e., the maximum pressure minus the minimum pressure. Estimate the frequency or the number of cycles per day

which are expected to occur. Determine the required service life and calculate the total number of cycles which will occur in the pipe lifetime Using the appropriate chart for 302:PVC-U , 302:PVC-M or 302:PVC-O ; draw a vertical line from the x-axis at P and a horizontal line from the y-axis at the total number of cycles in

the pipe lifetime Find the intersection point between the horizontal and vertical lines. Select the pipe class that bounds the region of this intersection point as the minimum required for these fatigue conditions.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

26

Design
Example
A sewer rising main has a pump pressure, including static lift and friction losses, of 400 kPa. When the pump starts up, the pressure rises rapidly to 800 kPa before decaying exponentially to the static pumping pressure. On pump shut down, the minimum pressure experienced by the system is 100 kPa. On average, the pump will start up 8 times per day. A minimum life of 100 years is required. The maximum pressure experienced indicates that a minimum class of PN 9 will be required. A fatigue analysis is now needed in order to determine suitability or otherwise of PN 9. In this system, the pressure range is 700 kPa. The pump will start up approximately 292,000 times in a 100 year lifetime. However, the exponential cycle pattern means that this should be doubled for design purposes. Therefore, the system should be designed to withstand approximately 584,000 cycles in a 100 year lifetime.

Using Table 1 to determine the fatigue load factors for PVC pipes at 5.8 x 105 cycles gives the following class selection:

Material
PVC-U

Fatigue Cycle Factor, f (Table 1)


0.6

Maximum Cyclic Pressure Range (MPa)


PN9 = 0.9 x 0.6 = 0.54 <DP PN12 = 1.29 x 0.6 = 0.72 <DP

Minimum Pipe Class Selection


PN12

PVC-M

0.4

PN16 = 1.6 x 0.4 = 0.64 <DP PN18 = 1.8 x 0.4 = 0.72 <DP

PN18

PVC-O

0.54

PN12.5 = 1.25 x 0.54 = 0.675 <DP PN16 = 1.6 x 0.54 = 0.86 <DP

PN16

The graphical procedure is demonstrated below for PVC-U. Using the charts for PVC-U (see 211:PVC-U) , draw a vertical line from the pressure range on the x axis and a horizontal line from the number of cycles on the y axis. Find the intersection of these two lines and read off the pipe pressure class that bounds this region. In this example, the intersection point lies in the region bounded by the PN12 curve so PN 12 is required for PVC-U pipe for fatigue loading.

The fatigue analysis thus determines that although PN 9 is adequate for the maximum pressure, a minimum PN 12 pipe is needed for PVC-U, PN18 for PVC-M and PN16 for PVC-O, in order to cope with fatigue effects.

27

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Definition of Pressure Range and effect of Surges
For simplicity, the pressure range is defined as the maximum pressure minus the minimum pressure, including all transients, experienced by the system during normal operations. The effect of accidental conditions such as power failure may be excluded. This is illustrated in the figure below.

Complex Cycle Patterns


In general, a similar technique may be applied to any situation where smaller cycles exist in addition to the primary cycle. Empirically crack growth is related to stress cycle amplitude according to (II)3.2. Thus n secondary cycles of magnitude nn, may be deemed equivalent in effect to one primary cycle, ,,0 Ds0 where n = Ds1

would not be degraded in fatigue performance at higher temperatures. It follows that, while normal derating principles must be applied in class selection for static pressures, (ductile burst), no additional temperature derating need be applied for dynamic design. ie. Select the highest class arrived via:a) Static design including temperature derating; or b) Dynamic design as covered herein.

3.2

For example a secondary cycle of half the magnitude of the primary cycle: This figure also illustrates the definition of a cycle as a repetitive event. In some cases, the cycle pattern will be complex and it may be necessary to also consider the contribution of secondary cycles. Pumping systems are frequently subject to surging following the primary pressure transient on switching. Such pressure surging decays exponentially, and in effect the system is subjected to a number of minor pressure cycles of reducing magnitude. In order to take this into account, the effect of each minor cycle is related to the primary cycle in terms of the number of cycles which would produce the same crack growth as one primary cycle. According to this technique, a typical exponentially decaying surge regime is equivalent to 2 primary cycles. Thus for design purposes, the primary pressure range only is considered, with the frequency doubled. n= 2 1

so it would require 9 secondary cycles to produce the same effect as one primary cycle. If they are occurring at the same frequency, the effective frequency of primary cycling is increased by 1.1 for the purpose of design

Effect of Temperature
Joseph notes that the available data indicates that there is no evidence of a change in response of PVC fatigue crack growth rates with temperature, at least in the lower temperature region where results are available. This is logically consistent with known fatigue behavior, since the propensity to propagate a crack reduces with increasing ductility which results in yielding and blunting of the crack tip and a reduction in local stress intensity. Thus one would expect that PVC, with increasing ductility and decreasing yield strength,

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

3.2

= 9.2

28

Design
Safety Factors
The tabulated fatigue cycle factors represent the lower bound of test data generated from a number of different sources over the last few years on commercially produced PVC pipes. The mean line for this data is approximately half a log decade higher than this, and the relationship assumes no threshold stress level at low stress amplitudes and long times. It is therefore considered conservative and no additional safety factor need be applied in general. However, where the magnitude or frequency of dynamic stresses cannot be estimated in design with any reasonable degree of accuracy, appropriate caution should obviously be applied. This judgement is in the hands of the designer. Whilst it is always possible to predict the steady operating conditions with good accuracy, it will occasionally be the case, in complex systems, that it is impossible to predict the extent of surge pressures. In such circumstances, relatively low cost surge mitigation techniques, for example the solid state soft-start motor controllers should be considered. It is of course recommended that actual operating conditions for all systems should be checked by measurement, as a matter of routine, when the system is commissioned. Should surge pressure amplitudes in the event exceed expected levels, it is relatively easy matter to retrofit control equipment to ensure that they are kept in check.

Design Hints
To reduce the effect of dynamic fatigue in an installation, the designer can: 1. Limit the number of cycles by: a. Increasing well capacity for a sewer pumping station; b. Matching pump performance to tank size to eliminate short demand cycles for an automatic pressure unit; or c. Using double-acting float valves or limiting starts on the pump by the use of a time clock when filling a reservoir 2. Reduce the dynamic range by: a. Eliminating excessive water hammer; or 3. Using a larger bore pipe to reduce friction losses

Fittings
C fittings present a problem worthy of special consideration. Complex stress patterns in fittings can amplify the apparent stress cycle. An apparently harmless pressure cycle can thus produce a damaging stress cycle leading to a relatively short fatigue life. This factor is particularly severe in the case of branch fittings such as tees, where amplification factors up four times have been noted. The condition can be aggravated further by the existence of stress cycling from other sources, for example bending stresses induced flexing under hydraulic thrust in improperly supported systems. Prudence therefore dictates that a suitable factor of safety be applied to fittings in assessing class requirements. It is recommended that the following factors be applied to the design dynamic pressure cycle for fittings:

Tees
Safety Factor 4

Equal
3

Dx3/4D
2

Dx1/2D

Dx1/4D
1.5

Bends
Safety Factor

90 short
3

45 short
2

90 long
2

45 long
1.5

Reducers
Safety Factor

Dx3/4D
1.5 2

Dx1/2D

Dx1/4D
2.5

Adaptors & Couplings


Safety Factor

Equal Size
1 6

Wyes

29

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Example
A golf course watering scheme is designed to operate at 0.70 MPa. Balanced loading will ensure no pump cycling during routine watering. However, the system is to be maintained on standby with a jockey pump for hand watering purposes and this will cut in and out at 0.35 and 0.75 MPa. With normal usage and leakage this may occur every half hour on average for twelve hours a day. A twenty-five year life is required. The pressure cycle is 0.4 MPa. Allow 20% for water hammer but no surging is likely in this type of system. Total dynamic cycle 0.48 MPa. The total life cycles predicted is 25 x 365 x 25 = 228,000. Using the table, the MCPR of a PN 9 pipe is 0.64. Therefore, PN 9 pipe is satisfactory (PN 9 is required to cope with normal operational pressure). For fittings the effective dynamic cycle is Equal Tees : 4 x 0.48 = 1.92 MPa Elbows 90 : 3 x 0.48 = 1.44 MPa PN 18 fittings are suitable for only 1.8 MPa effective dynamic range. Equal tees may not have an acceptable life in this system. Solution: Reduce the dynamic range or reduce the frequency or the periods on standby.

TEMPERATURE CONSIDERATIONS Maximum Service Temperature


PVC-U and PVC-M pipes are suitable for use at service temperatures up to 50C. For PVC-O pipes, the maximum continuous operating temperature should be limited to 45C. Note that for all pipes conveying drinking water, compliance with the cold water requirements of AS/NZS 4020 is only valid up to 40C and the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA) recommend that water supply systems be limited to this value. For lower operating temperatures, the 20C ratings are used, even though properties such as tensile strength are greater. As the temperature decreases, it is advisable to take additional care to avoid impact damage as the impact strength decreases with temperature. Sub-zero operating temperatures are specialist applications (see PVC pipes in low temperature applications) and reference can be made to the Vinidex Technical Department. For temperatures greater than 20C, the maximum working pressures of PVC pipes should be reduced. The following table gives the recommended maximum operating pressures for PVC-U, PVC-M and PVC-O pipes.

Pressure Rating
Mechanical properties of PVC are temperature dependent. Nominal working pressures are determined at 20C.

Table 3.6 Maximum allowable operating pressures (MPa) for pipe pressure classes (PN)

Pipe Material Temp C


30 35 40 45 50

Maximum Allowable pressure (MPa)


PN 4.5 PN 6 PN 9 PN 10 PN 12 PN 12.5 PN 15 PN 16 PN 18 PN 20

0.39 0.36 0.32 0.29 0.26

0.52 0.47 0.42 0.38 0.35

0.78 0.71 0.63 0.58 0.52

0.87 0.79 0.70 0.64 0.58

1.04 0.95 0.84 0.77 0.70

1.09 0.99 0.88 0.80 0.73

1.31 1.19 1.05 0.96 0.87

1.39 1.26 1.12 1.02 0.93

1.57 1.42 1.26 1.15 1.04

1.74 1.58 1.40 1.28 1.16

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

30

Design
Temperature Rating of PVC Pipe

This approximation is reasonable provided the temperature variations from the mean do not exceed l0C which is generally the case for pipes buried below 300 mm. For most underground water supply systems, the overall mean temperature from meteorological records is appropriate for class selection purposes, since this represents the mean of the annual and diurnal sinusoidal temperature patterns.

The material temperature under consideration is the average temperature of the pipe wall under operational conditions. In most instances it may be assumed that the pipe temperature is equal to the elevated temperature of the fluid being carried. Where a temperature differential exists between the fluid in the pipe and the external environment, the operating temperature may be taken as the mean of the internal and external pipe surface temperatures. For the usual case of turbulent flow of fluid inside the pipe, the inside surface temperature may be taken as the temperature of the fluid. The rate of heat transfer across the wall of a PVC pipe is low, and provided the exterior of the pipe is well ventilated, the external surface will be near ambient. Where heat transfer to or from the surrounding material is very slow, the external surface temperature will be near to that of the internal surface. It may be necessary in critical cases to establish surface temperature characteristics by experiment. For the situation of a buried pipeline with flowing water, an appropriate rule of thumb is:

Tm = 2Tw + Ts 3 Where: Tm = mean material temperature Tw = water temperature Ts = soil temperature t should be noted that the pressure condition where flow is stopped should also be checked. In this event, water temperature and outside temperature will equalise Temperature can also be averaged with respect to time. The average temperature may be considered to be the weighted average of temperatures in accordance with the percentage of time spent at each temperature under operational pressures: tm = t1 L1 + t2 L2 + ... + tn Ln where Ln = proportion of life spent at temperature tn

For systems subjected to larger variations, the temperature for rating purposes should be taken as the maximum less 10C. However, the peak temperature should not exceed 60C.

Example

A reticulation system is to be installed in a town with a mean ground temperature at pipe depth of 20C. The DecemberFebruary average is 25C. Although diurnal variations occur with air temperatures up to 40C during heatwave periods, water temperatures and ground temperatures at pipe depth do not exceed the mean of 27C. A 50 year life is required at the standard factor of safety. Weighted average temperature: tm = 25(3/12) + 20.5(6/12) + 15(3/12) = 6.25 + 10.25 + 3.75 = 20.25C Therefore, use rating for 20C. This is the same result as taking the mean. For a more sophisticated approach, refer to ISO 13760: Plastics pipes for conveyance of fluids under pressure Miners rule - Calculation method for cumulative damage.

31

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Expansion and Contraction
All materials expand and contract with changes in temperature and PVC has a relatively high rate of change. The coefficient of thermal expansion is 7 x 10-5/C. A handy rule is 7 mm change in length for every 10 metres for every 10C change in temperature 1. Find difference between maximum and minimum temperature, i.e. 28C - 18 C = 10C. 2. Check chart above for expansion per metre. 10 C = 0.7 mm. 3. Multiply answer by total length of line 0.7 x 150 = 105 mm This means the pipe will contract approximately 0.1 metres when in service. Methods of providing for thermal expansion or contraction will depend on the nature of the installation and whether it is above or below ground. (See Installation section)

Example

A 150 metre line of PVC pipe is being installed with the temperature at 28C. The service temperature will be 18C. What allowance has to be made for expansion?

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

32

Design
ABRASION RESISTANCE
Plastics generally show excellent performance under abrasive conditions. The main properties contributing to this are the low elastic modulus and coefficient of friction. This enables the material to give and particles tend to skid rather than abrade the surface. Well known low friction materials such as Teflon, Nylon and Polyurethanes show outstanding characteristics. Economics, however, are a major factor and PVCs performance in the context of wear rate/unit cost is excellent. Factors affecting abrasion are complex and it is difficult to relate test data to practical conditions. The Institute for Hydromechanic and Hydraulic Structures of the Technical University of Darmstadt in West Germany tested the abrasion resistance of several pipe products. Gravel and river sand were the abrasive materials used in concrete pipe, glazed vitrified clay pipe and PVC piping, with the following results:

MINE SUBSIDENCE
In ground subject to earth movement or in areas affected by underground mining, pipes can be subjected to longitudinal stresses. These stresses can occur anytime after installation and result in axial stress in the pipe. Whilst PVC pipes are capable of absorbing significant strains it is advantageous to use rubber ring jointed pipe in these areas. The pipe MUST be correctly installed to the witness mark position. All Vinidex rubber ring pipes are designed to absorb some ground strain and movement in the pipe joint can accommodate a certain amount of the strain associated with mine subsidence. Each joints ability to take strain can be calculated from the equation: M = 3SL + TD + 1.5 a tL where: M = total axial movement within the socket while still maintaining the seal (mm) S = ground strain (mm/m) L = length of pipe (m) T = permitted socket deflection (radians) D = outside diameter of the spigot (mm) a = coefficient of thermal expansion for PVC (8.1 x 10 - 5/C) * t = maximum temperature variation (22C) * Note, this value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of PVC is used by the Mine Subsidence Board. Elsewhere, 7 x 10-5/C is used. The witness mark is positioned to allow the optimum combination of insertion/extraction without overstressing the pipe or losing seal.

Concrete (unlined)
Vitrified Clay (glazed lining) PVC

Measurable wear at 150,000 cycles


Minimal wear at 260,000 cycles. Accelerated wear after glazing wore off at 260,000 cycles. Minimal wear at 260,000 cycles (about equal to glazed vitrified clay, but less accelerated than virtified clay after 260,000 cycles)

33

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Table 3.7 Allowable Ground Strain (%) for Series 1 spigot and socket PVC-U and PVC-M pipes (3 & 6 meter lengths) mm/m

Pipe
Length 3m 6m 50 4 2 65 4 2 80 4 2 100 5 2 125 5 2

Size DN
150 6 2 200 7 3 225 8 3 250 9 4 300 10 4 375 9 4 450 11 5

Table 3.8 Allowable Ground Strain (%) for Series 2 spigot and socket PVC-U and PVC-M pipes (3 & 6 meter lengths) mm/m

Pipe
Length 3m 6m 100 4 2 150 5 2 200 10 4

Size DN
225 9 4 250 10 4 300 9 4 375 11 5

Table 3.9 Allowable Ground Strain (%) for Series 2 spigot and socket Supermain pipes (3 & 6 meter lengths) mm/m

Pipe
Length 3m 6m 100 9 4 150 9 4 200 9 4

Size DN
225 9 4 250 9 4 300 9 4 375 9 4

These tables assume that the ground strain is uniformly transferred along the pipe. Pothole subsidence or large localised fissures may result in damage to the pipe or joint.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

34

Design
TRANSVERSE BUCKLING
A pipe subjected to pressure externally (or vacuum internally) is subject to a potential stability problem. For any given diameter/wall thickness ratio, there is a critical collapse pressure at which the pipe wall will commence to buckle inwards. The failure mode is unstable, i.e. the more it buckles the less resistance to buckling, and so total collapse occurs rapidly. Situations where pipe buckling may arise are comparatively rare, but in certain circumstances this can be a controlling factor on selection of pipe class.

Unsupported Collapse Pressure


The unsupported critical buckling pressure sustainable by a pipe can be calculated from:
Pc = 24EI103 kPa (1 - v2)Dm3

Where: Where E = the effective elastic material modulus (MPa) v= Poissons Ratio for the material which may be taken as 0.4 for PVC-U and PVC-M and 0.45 for PVC-O I= moment of inertia of the cross-section of the pipe wall (mm4/mm) (= t3/12 for a pipe of uniform section t) Dm= diameter of the pipe taken at the neutral axis of the wall cross section (mm) This may also be expressed in terms of the pipe ring-bending stiffness as:
Pc = 24 x S kPa c (1 - v2)

Where: Sc = Calculated ring-bending stiffness (kPa) (see Table 3.10)

35

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Since the ring-bending stiffness is broadly constant for a particular class of pipe, the collapse pressure is independent of diameter and can be computed for each class. Note, however, that PVC-U pressure pipe to AS/NZS 1477 has different dimension ratios for small bore and large bore (DN 175 and over) pipes. Calculated minimum ring-bending stiffnesses are tabulated in Table 3.10:
Table 3.10 Minimum calculated stiffness, Sc, for PVC pressure pipes (kPa)

AS/NZS 1477
PN 4.5 6 9 12 12.5 15 16 18 20 PVC<=150 2.3 5.4 18.3 43.3 84.5 102.6 146.1 200.4

AS/NZS 1477
PVC>150 1.6 3.9 13.1 31.0 60.5 73.4 104.5 143.3

AS/NZS 4675
PVC-M 2.6 4.3 10.1 19.7 23.9 34.0 -

AS/NZS 4441
PVC-O 400 5.2 10.2 -

AS/NZS 4441
PVC-O 450 3.7 7.8 -

AS/NZS 4441
PVC-O 500

2.7 5.2 10.2

NOTE The stiffness values above are calculated on the basis of minimum wall thickness at any point . Since the stiffness is a function of the mean wall thickness, it is statistically not possible for these values to be realised in practice, and the real stiffness will be significantly greater. Based on known process capabilities the mean wall thickness could reasonably be expected to be at least 5% above minimum and the stiffness correspondingly 16% higher than the figures above.
Table 3.11 Temperature / Loading time Correction Factors

The stiffness is related to the effective modulus, which varies with the loading condition (short or long term), and also with temperature. For long term loading and/or elevated temperatures, the critical buckling pressure should be multiplied by a correction factor to take the variation in modulus into account. Appropriate values of the temperature/loading time correction factor are given in Table 3.11.

Temperature
Loading term Short Term - e.g. water surges (seconds/minutes) Medium Term - e.g. concrete work (hours) Long Term - (day/month) Permanent - e.g. ground water (50 years) for PVC-U and PVC-M Permanent - e.g. ground water (50 Years) for PVC-O 1 0.81 0.69 0.37 0.44 20OC 30OC 0.96 0.75 0.63 0.28 0.33 40OC 0.93 0.66 0.56 0.18 0.22

The critical collapse pressures for standard PVC-U, PVC-O and PVC-M pipes for a range of operating conditions are shown in the following graphs. NOTE: Pipe wall thickness has a major influence on the critical buckling pressure. Therefore PVC-O and PVC-M pipes will not have the equivalent resistance to unsupported collapse as PVC-U pipes of the same pressure class.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

36

Design
Unsupported Collapse Pressures for PVC Pipes

37

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Effect of Ovality
Initial Ovality of a pipe will reduce the critical buckling pressure. The reduction can be calculated by multiplying the critical buckling pressure, Pc, by a correction factor, C1 which is calculated as follows: For an oval pipe with, where: dD = the difference between the maximum outside diameter and the mean outside diameter; and D = the mean outside diameter Values for C1 are summarised in the following table:
Diametral Deflection % Reduction factor, C1, on Pc 0 1.0 1 0.91 2 0.84 5 0.64 10 0.41

Note that these reductions apply to inherent initial ovality as distinct from induced ovality, i.e., where ovality has been induced by some external (constant strain) source, as in deflection induced by soil loadings, the pipe is already in a state of elastic strain, and the resistance to buckling is degraded far less. In this case, the correction factor C2 is used as given in the following table:
Diametral Deflection % Reduction factor, C1, on Pc 0 1.0 1 0.99 2 0.97 5 0.93 10 0.86

Supported Collapse Pressure


Support against buckling is provided by end constraints, fittings or special purpose stiffening rings at intervals around the pipe. Effective support reduces as distance from a stiffened section increases and should be considered zero at a distance of seven diameters. A buried pipe derives support against buckling from stable soil surround. The effective buckling pressure may be computed from:
Pb = (SD x 10-3)1/3 x (Et)2/3 x 103 kPa

Where Et is the soil modulus in MPa. For values of Eo, refer to AS/NZS 2566.1. As for Pc, Pb should be multiplied by a temperature/loading time factor if required - see table 3.11.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

dD , C1 = 1 - D 2 D = (1+D) D

For shallow burial, full support is not developed since buckling can occur by vertical lifting of the soil cover. AS/NZS 2566.1 specifies that for cover heights less than 0.5m, Pc be used to evaluate the potential for buckling. Where cover heights are greater than or equal to 0.5m, the greater of Pc and Pb should be used. In both cases, an appropriate factor of safety needs to be incorporated.

Factors of Safety
The equations and graphical representations predict actual collapse pressures. Except for the use of a theoretical calculated stiffness based on minimum wall, no factor of safety is incorporated and designers should decide on an appropriate factor based on service conditions, consequences of failure and predictive uncertainty. AS/NZS 2566.1 specifies a factor of safety of 2.5 unless an alternative is specified by the designer. A lower factor of safety should only be specified where conditions and performance can be predicted with confidence. For example, in a calculation of unsupported buckling of a pipe under vacuum, a factor of 1.5 may be appropriate.

38

Design
Examples of Class Selection for Buckling
A PVC-U submarine sewer rising main DN 150 is to be laid across a lake. Inlet and outlet well levels are at lake maximum water level. Internal and external static heads are more or less balanced under steady state conditions. However, negative surging on pump shut down is probable, resulting in up to 10 metres negative head differential. In view of the consequences of failure, a factor of safety of at least 2 is suggested. For short term conditions, a PN 6 pipe has Pc = 14 m and PN 9 Pc = 46 m. Use PN9. A DN 300 PVC-U line is laid in saturated clay alongside a tidal estuary at a depth of 4 metres. During construction or maintenance, the pipe may be empty. Assuming a saturated soil density of 2000 kg/m3, an external pressure of 80 kPa is developed. This would be considered a permanent condition and a factor of safety of 3 is advisable. PN 9 has Pc = 8 m. Use PN 12. PVC-U irrigation pump suction line DN 200 is required to sustain continuous operation at -5 metres. Temperature of the supply can be up to 30 5C during hot spells. Unlike pressure rating where the average temperature is considered, peak conditions are significant for buckling. In this situation PN 9 has Pc = 10 m, giving a factor of safety of 2, which should be adequate. A DN 150 PVC-U drainage pipe is to be encased in a concrete column. The maximum pour height will be 4 metres. A sewer pipe Class SH (PN 6) can sustain 4 metres of concrete but has no factor of safety. Use Class SEH or PN 9 pressure pipe. Alternatively, fill the pipe with water during the pour. The net pressure differential is then 60 kPa and a factor of safety of 1.7 is provided on PN 6. Alternatively, pour in two stages, at least one hour apart. A DN 150 PN 16 PVC-O 500 pipe is to be installed in an area where the insitu material is sandy clay. The embedment material will be sand and cover height will be 1m. A water hammer analysis has shown that accidental event may result in a negative pressure of -9m. Check that in this case there is an adequate factor of safety against buckling. Using AS/NZS 2655.1 and the trench and soil conditions, an Et value of 6.3MPa is derived. From the equation, Pb = 590kPa. Therefore, there is an acceptable factor of safety. Note that water hammer pressure may be positive or negative. Both can be detrimental to pipe systems; not only pipes, but pumps, valves and thrust supports can be damaged. Negative pressures can cause separation (vacuum formation), with very high positive pressures on rejoinder (collapse of the vacuum). For these reasons, water hammer should be eliminated as far as possible. Water hammer pressures can be reduced by: Controlling and slowing valve and pump operations Reducing velocities by using larger diameter pipes Using pipe materials with lower elastic modulus Astute layout of network, valves, pumps and air valves Fast-acting pressure relief valves, e.g. Neyrtec (Trade mark of Alsthom International Pty Ltd For further information contact Sofraco International Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia) It is beyond the scope of this manual to give a complete description of water hammer analysis and mitigation. However, it is appropriate to highlight some important aspects related to PVC pipes.

WATER HAMMER
Water hammer is a temporary change in pressure in a pipeline due to a change in the velocity of flow in a pipe with respect to time, e.g. a valve opens or closes or a pump starts or stops. Accidental events such as a pipe blockage can also be a cause. The effects are exacerbated by: 1. fast closing/stopping valves/pumps 2. high water velocities 3. air in the line 4. poor layout of the pipe network, positioning of pumps, etc.

39

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Celerity
Celerity is the speed (expressed in metres per second) that the pressure waves travel in a closed circuit. This should not be confused with the velocity of the water. This is a function of the pipe geometry (dimension ratio) and material and may be estimated from:

where: W = density of fluid (water = 1,000) (kg/m3) A = cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe per unit length (mm2/mm) = wall thickness for plain wall pipes D = mean diameter of the pipe (mm) k = the bulk modulus of the fluid (2150 for water) (MPa) E = the elastic modulus for the pipe (see Table 3.10) (MPa) The wave celerity induced in PVC pipes are shown in Table 3.12. As PVC has a celerity about one third that of metallic pipes, analyses for metallic pipes should not be used to check PVC classes.
Table 3.12 Dimension Ratio (DR) and Celerity (a)
PVC PN 4.5 6 9 12 15 16 18 20 Sizes Up To and Including DN150 DR 48.9 36.7 24.4 18.3 14.7 13.8 12.2 11.0 a (m/s) 252 290 351 402 445 458 483 506 Sizes DN175 and Larger DR 54.7 41.0 27.3 20.5 16.4 15.4 13.7 12.3 a (m/s) 239 274 333 381 423 436 460 482 PVC-M PN 6 9 12 15 16 All sizes DR 46.0 38.9 29.2 23.3 21.9 19.4 a (m/s) 252 273 313 348 359 379 PVC-O MRS/PN 400/12.5 500/16 500/20 All sizes DR 40.0 40.0 32.0 a (m/s) 309 309 344

For buried pipes, increase the wave celerity (a) by 7%

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

a =

1 D + k AE

103 (m/s)

18

40

Design
The advantage of a low celerity can be demonstrated by Joukowskys Law, which gives an estimate for the water hammer pressure rise due to instantaneous valve closure. P = W a V (Pa) where: V= change in flow velocity (m/s) This equation should NOT be used for design purposes. Water hammer analysis is fairly complex and computer analysis by a competent consultant is recommended wherever it is suspected that water hammer may be significant.

Pipe Response
Selection of class should be based on peak operating pressures including water hammer. Control devices may be useful in reducing peak pressures and enable a more economic pipe class to be used. The response of the pipe to occasional abnormal pressures, for example due to the failure of protective devices, is important. PVC has a high factor of safety on short term stress effects, and is able to withstand occasional events at higher than normal pressures. This advantage should be considered when determining the validity of basing a design purely on the pressures induced by events that may be rare in the design lifetime, e.g. power failure on a pump.

41

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
THRUST SUPPORT
An imbalanced thrust is developed by a pipeline at: Direction changes (> 10), e.g. tees and bends. Changes in pipeline size at reducers. Pipeline terminations, e.g. at blank ends and valves. The support system or soil must be capable of sustaining such thrusts. Pressure thrust results from internal pressure in the line acting on fittings. Velocity thrust results from inertial forces developed by a change in direction of flow. The latter is usually insignificant compared to the former.
Table 3.13 Pressure Thrust at Fittings in kN for each 10 meters Head of Water Series 1 pipe
Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 225 250 300 375 Area (mm2) 363 568 892 1410 1840 2870 4480 6240 10300 15500 20200 40000 49400 61900 78400 126000 11 1/4o 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.20 0.30 0.39 0.77 0.95 1.19 1.51 2.42 Bends 22 1/2o 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.24 0.39 0.59 0.77 1.53 1.89 2.37 3.00 4.82 45o 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.22 0.34 0.47 0.77 1.16 1.52 3.00 3.71 4.65 5.88 9.46 90o 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.20 0.26 0.40 0.62 0.87 1.43 2.15 2.80 5.55 6.85 8.58 10.87 17.47 Tees Ends 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.28 0.44 0.61 1.01 1.52 1.98 3.92 4.84 6.07 7.69 12.36

Pressure Thrust
The pressure thrust developed for various types of fittings can be calculated as follows: Blank ends, tees, valves f = AP 10-3 Reducers and tapers f = (A1-A2) P 10-3 Bends f = 2 A P sin(/2) 10-3 where: f = resultant thrust force (kN) A = area of pipe taken at the OD (mm2) P = design internal pressure (MPa) = included angle of bend (degrees) The design pressure used should be the maximum pressure, including water hammer, to be applied to the line. This will usually be the field test pressure.

Series 2 pipe
Size DN 100 150 200 250 300 375 Area (mm2) 11700 24800 42500 52900 93700 142700 11 1/4o 0.23 0.48 0.83 1.04 1.84 2.80 Bends 22 1/2o 0.46 0.96 1.65 2.06 3.66 5.57 45o 0.89 1.89 3.24 4.04 7.17 10.92 90o 1.65 3.50 5.99 7.47 13.25 20.18 Tees Ends 1.17 2.47 4.24 5.28 9.37 14.27

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

42

Design
Velocity Thrust
Applies only at changes in direction of flow: F = W A V2 2 sin( /2) 10^-9^ (kN) where: A = cross sectional area of pipe taken at the inside diameter (mm2) W = density of fluid (water = 1,000) (kg/m3) V = velocity of flow (m/s)

Thrust Blocks
Concrete thrust blocks are usually required to transfer unbalanced forces in buried pipelines to the surrounding soil. See Installation Guidelines for construction of thrust blocks. To determine the bearing area of the thrust block required, divide the resultant thrust by the bearing capacity of the soil. The bearing capacity of the soil is dependent on the mode of failure. For deep situations, compressive characteristics will govern and a guide to the appropriate design bearing loads is given in Table 3.14. For shallow cover, shearing slip failure can occur and bearing loads are very much reduced. For cover less than 600 mm, or less than three pipe diameters, or if the ground is potentially unstable, e.g. embankment conditions, a complete soil analysis should be carried out. Slip failure may be avoided by extending the thrust block downwards with reinforcement against bending loads.

43

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Table 3.14 Safe Compressive Bearing Load
Soil description USBR Soil Classification see ASTM D2478 Soil Bearing Strength (kN/m2) for cover height *h 0.75m Well graded gravel-sand mixtures, well graded sands, little or no fines Poorly graded gravels and gravel-sand mixtures, Poorly graded sands, little or no fines Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures, silty sands, sand-silt mixtures Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures, Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures Inorganic clays of low to med plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays Inorganic silts, very fine sands, rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands Organic clays of medium to high plasticity Rock GW,SW GP,SP GM,SM GC,SC CL ML OH 57 48 48 79 74 69 0 240 1.0m 76 64 64 92 85 81 0 240 1.25m 95 80 80 105 95 93 0 240 1.5m 114 97 96 119 106 106 0 240

*h = height of soil cover measured from centreline

Example

Thrust block design for a DN100 Tee operating at 120 m head in clayey sand soil, *h=1.0m. Resultant force = 1.01 x 12 = 12.1 kN (Table 3.13) Bearing Area = 12.1 / 92 = 0.13 m2 (Table 3.14) That is, a bearing area 0.25 m high and 0.55 m wide would be suitable.

Vertical Thrusts
For resultant upward forces, the mass of the thrust block plus any soil directly above the pipe can be taken as the counterbalancing force, provided the overburden can reasonably be expected to remain there for the life time of the pipeline. It is often better to bury the pipe deeper than to add more concrete to counterbalance an upward thrust.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

44

Design
AIR AND SCOUR VALVES Air Valves
All water contains dissolved air. Normally this would be about 2% but it can vary largely depending on temperature and pressure. Air trapped in the line in pockets is continually moving in and out of solution. Air in the line not only reduces the flow by causing a restriction but amplifies the effects of pressure surges. Air valves should be placed in the line at sufficient intervals so that air can be evacuated, or, if the line is drained, air can enter the line. Air valves should be placed along the pipeline at all high points or significant changes in grade. On long rising grades or flat runs where there are no significant high points or grade changes, air valves should be placed at least every 500 1,000 metres at the engineers discretion.
Table 3.15 Recommended Air Valve Size
Size DN Up to 100 100 - 200 200 - 450 Air Valve Sze 25 Single 50 double 80 double

allow the debris to be taken from the invert of the pipe. In the absence of specific design criteria, the following sizes are generally acceptable.
Table 3.16 Recommended Scour Valve Size
Size DN Up to 100 100 - 200 200 - 450 Scour Valve Sze 80 100 150

stabilisation, load bearing overlay or slab protection. It should be noted that cover of less than 1.5 diameters may result in flotation of empty pipes under wet conditions. Low covers may also result in pipe jacking (lifting at vertically deflected joints) when pressurised. Also see Vinidex Technical Note Flexible Pipe in Roadways.

SOIL AND TRAFFIC LOADS


Loads are exerted on buried pipe due to: Soil pressures Traffic loads Superimposed loads For normal water supply systems, laid in accordance with the installation guidelines in the Pressure Pipe Installation section, the minimum depths of burial (cover) stipulated in AS 2032 (see Table 4.2) should be observed. Under these conditions and up to a maximum of 6 metres cover, soil and traffic loadings are of little significance and design calculations are not warranted. This applies to all classes of pipe. For depths shallower than those recommended, traffic loading may be of significance. At greater depths, soil loadings may control selection of pipe class. In these instances, lighter pipe classes may not be suitable and specific design calculations and/or special construction techniques may be required. Wet trench conditions may also require further investigation. For design purposes, AS/NZS 2566.1 sets out procedures to be adopted. Special construction techniques can involve backfill

BENDING LOADS
Under bending stress PVC pipe will bend rather than break. However, the following precautions are very important 1. In below-ground installations, the pipes must have uniform, stable support. (See Installation Section - Below Ground Installation) 2. In above-ground installations, proper, correctly spaced supports must be provided. (See Installation Section - Above Ground Installation) 3. In above-ground installation, pumps, valves and other heavy appendages must be supported independently.

Installing Pipes on a Curve


When installing PVC piping, some changes in the alignment of the pipe may be achieved without the use of direction-change fittings such as elbows and sweeps. Deflection at rubber ring joints or other mechanical joints and/or controlled longitudinal bending of the pipe, within acceptable limits, can achieve the small direction changes in the pipeline, required to accommodate natural land gradients or to avoid obstacles.

Scour Valves
Scour valves are located at low points or between valved sections of the pipeline. Their function is to allow periodic flushing of the lines to remove sediment and to allow the line to be drained for maintenance and repair work. The scour valve should be sized to allow a minimum scour velocity of 0.6 m/s to be achieved in the main pipe. Scour tees over nominal size 100 should be offset tees to

45

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Design
Joint Deflection
The allowable angular deflection at the pipe joint varies depending on the manufacturing tolerances of the spigot and the socket but for design purposes all Vinidex rubber ring joints can be assumed to allow a maximum deflection of 1T. This is approximately equivalent to a 100mm offset for a 6m pipe. In most circumstances, the required change in direction can be taken up over several pipe lengths, perhaps in combination with pipe bending. Tighter curves can be achieved by cutting pipes to insert more joints, and/or the use of PVC couplings that effectively double the deflection available.
Note that this angular deflection is only available when pipes are jointed to the witness marks. If pipes are pushed to the back of the socket, movement of the spigot is restrained and the deflection is severely restricted.

Bending of Pipes
Small diameter PVC pipes are sufficiently flexible to allow some bending of the pipe barrel in order to install on a curve. Deflection through bending is not practicable, due to the large forces required, for pipe sizes above about DN 200 particularly for the higher pressure classes. The amount of bending that can be applied is limited by the axial flexural stress and strain levels induced in the pipe, which must be acceptable, in combination with other stresses and strains, for long term service. Vinidex recommends that for pipe under pressure, the bending radius should not be less than 300 times the diameter.

The effective radius of curvature obtainable for various pipe lengths is given in table 3.17

Table 3.17 Effective radius of curvature for 1o deflection at the joint


Pipe length m 12 9 6 4 3 2 1 Approximate offset mm 200 150 100 70 50 35 20 Radius of curvature m 688 516 344 229 172 115 57

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

46

Installation

Contents
JOINTING PROCEDURES Cutting Solvent Cement Joints Rubber Ring Joints Use of Other Brand Fittings Jointing Pipes with Couplings Flanged Joints Threaded Joints Compression Joints Connection to Other Materials SERVICE CONNECTIONS Tapping Saddles Live Tapping Dry Tapping Direct Tapping HANDLING AND STORAGE Transportation of PVC Pipes Storage of PVC Pipes BELOW-GROUND INSTALLATION Preparing the Pipes Preparing the Trench PVC Pipes Under Roads Pipeline Buoyancy Expansion and Contraction Electrical Earthing INSTALLING PIPES ON A CURVE Thrust Blocks Pipelines on Steep Slopes 2 2 2 7 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 17 17

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation

Contents
ABOVE-GROUND INSTALLATION General Considerations Supports TESTING AND COMMISSIONING FLUSHING DETECTING BURIED PIPES Metal Detectable Tapes Trace Wires Audio Detection PROTECTION FROM SOLAR DEGRADATION 17 17 18 20 20 21 21 21 21 21

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

ii

Disclaimer Minimum pack quantities apply to all products, orders will automatically be adjusted to minimum pack quantities or multiple. Limitation of Liability This product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (the Company) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Companys products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Companys products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Companys Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited.

Installation
JOINTING PROCEDURES Cutting
During manufacture pipes are cut to standard length by cut-off saws. These saws have carbide-tipped circular blades which produce a neat cut without burrs. However, pipes may be cut on site with a variety of cutting tools. These are: Proprietary cutting tools These tools can cut, deburr and chamfer the pipe in one operation. They are the best tools for cutting pipe. A portable petrol-driven quick cut saw - This is quick and easy to use . However, care must be taken and some deburring will be required Air-driven tools - This produces a neat, clean cut. It does, however require a compressor. A hand saw and mitre box - This saw produces a square cut but requires more deburring. It takes comparatively more time and effort and requires a stand. should not be used with other thermoplastic materials. The following procedure should be strictly observed for best results. The steps and precautions will allow easy and efficient assembly of joints. Users may refer to AS/NZS 2032 - Installation of UPVC pipe systems, for further guidance. Incorrect procedure and short cuts will lead to poor quality joints and possible system failure. Type G gap filling for parallel or low interference pressure and non pressure joints (clear) Priming fluid for use with all solvent cements (red priming fluid, red label & lid)

Always use the correct solvent cement for the application. Solvent cement jointing is a chemical welding, not a gluing process. The priming fluid cleans, degreases and removes the glazed surface thus preparing and softening the surface of the pipe so that the solvent cement bonds the PVC. The solvent cement softens, swells and dissolves the spigot and socket surfaces. These surfaces form a bond into one solid material as they cure. Note: PVC-O pipes are not suitable for solvent cement jointing.

Solvent Cement Joint Principles


Sockets on Vinidex pressure pipes and fittings for solvent cement jointing are tapered, ensuring the right level of interference. This may not apply to all pipes and fittings, particularly from other countries which may have a low interference joint requiring a gap filling solvent cement. Vinidex offers three types of solvent cements formulated specifically for pressure and non-pressure applications. They are colour coded, along with the primer, in accordance with AS/NZS 3879: Type P for pressure, including potable water installations, designed to develop high shear strengths with an interference fit (green solvent, green print & lid) Type N for non-pressure applications, designed for the higher gap filling properties needed for clearance fits (blue solvent, blue label & lid)

The use of roller cutters is not recommended.

Solvent Cement Joints


Vinidex recommends Vinidex solvent cements and priming fluid for use with Vinidex PVC pipes and fittings, thus ensuring a complete quality system. Vinidex premium solvent cements and priming fluid are specially formulated for PVC pipes and fittings and

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Procedure
1 Prepare the pipe Before jointing, check that the pipe has been cut square and all the burrs are removed from the inside and outside edge. Remove the sharp edge from the outside and inside of the pipe with a deburring tool. Do not create a large chamfer that will trap a pool of solvent cement. Remove all dirt, swarf, and moisture from spigot and socket. 2 Witness mark the pipe It is essential to be able to determine when the spigot is fully home in the socket. Mark the spigot with a pencil line (witness mark) at a distance equal to the internal depth of the socket. Other marking methods may be used provided that they do not damage or score the pipe. 3 Dry fit the joint Dry fit the spigot into the socket, check the pipe for proper alignment. Any adjustments for the correct fit can be made now, not later. For pressure pipes, the spigot should interfere in the socket before it is fully inserted to the pencil line. Ovality in the pipe and socket will automatically be re-rounded in the final solvent cementing process, but heavy-walled pipe may give a false indication of the point of interference. Do not attempt to make a pressure pipe joint that does not have an interference fit. Contact Vinidex if this occurs. 4 Prepare with priming fluid Dry, degrease and prime the spigot and socket with a lint-free cloth (natural fibres) dampened with Vinidex priming fluid or the Qwik Prime applicator. 5 Brush selection The brush should be large enough to apply the solvent cement to the joint in a maximum of 30 seconds. Approximately one third the pipe diameter is a good guide. Do not use the brush attached to the lid for pipes over 100mm in diameter. Decanting is not advisable, and excess should never be returned to the can. For large diameter pipes, it may be necessary to decant to an open larger vessel for a large brush to be used, in this case decant for one joint at a time.

Table of recommended brush selection

Diameter of pipe mm
15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50 65, 80 100, 125 150 200 225, 250 300, 375

Recommended size of brush mm


use brush supplied 25 38 50 63 75 100

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
6 Apply solvent cement Using a suitably sized brush, apply a thin even coat of solvent cement to the internal surface of the socket first. Solvents will evaporate faster from the exposed spigot than from the socket. Special care should be taken to ensure that excess solvent cement isnt built up at the back of the socket (pools of solvent will continue to attack the PVC and weaken the pipe). Then apply a heavier, even coat of solvent cement up to the witness mark on the spigot. Ensure the entire surface is covered. A dry patch will not develop a proper bond, even if the mating surface is covered. An unlubricated patch may also make it difficult to obtain full insertion. 7 Inserting the spigot Make the joint immediately, in a single movement. Do not stop halfway, since the bond will start to set immediately and it will be almost impossible to insert further. It will aid distribution of the solvent cement to twist the spigot into the socket so that it rotates about a 1/4 turn whilst (not after) inserting, but where this cannot be done, particular attention should be paid to uniform solvent application. 8 Push the spigot home The spigot must be fully homed to the full depth of the socket. The final 10% of spigot penetration is vital to the interference fit. Mechanical force will be required for larger joints. Be ready in advance. Pipe pullers are commercially available for this purpose. Polyester pipe slings are very useful for gripping a pipe, in order to apply a winch or lever. 9 Hold the joint Hold the joint against movement and rejection of the spigot for a minimum of 30 seconds. Disturbing the joint during this phase will seriously impair the strength of the joint. 10 Wipe off excess solvent cement For a neat professional joint wipe off excess solvent cement , with a clean rag, immediately from the outside of the joint. 11 Do not disturb the joint Once the joint is made, do not disturb it for five minutes or rough handle it for at least one hour. Do not fill the pipe with water for at least one hour after making the last joint. Do not pressurise the line until fully cured. 12 Cure the joint The process of curing, is a function of temperature, humidity and time. Joints cure faster when the humidity is low and the temperature is high. The higher the temperature, the faster the joints will cure. As a guide, at a temperature of 16C and above, 24 hours should be allowed, at 0C, 48 hours is necessary.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Precautions to Achieve an Effective Joint
Make sure that the end of each pipe is square in its socket and in the same alignment and grade as the preceding pipes or fittings. Create a 0.5mm chamfer, as a sharp edge on the spigot will wipe off the solvent and reduce the interface area. Remove all swarf and burrs so that filings cannot later become dislodged and jam taps and valves. Do not attempt to joint pipes at an angle. Curved lines should be jointed without stress, and then curved after the joint is cured. Support the spigot clear of the ground when jointing, this will avoid contamination with soil or sand. An unsatisfactory solvent cement joint cannot be reexecuted, nor can previously cemented spigots and sockets be re-used. To affect repairs, cut out the joint and remake or use mechanical repair fittings.

Open Time
Vinidex Type P and N solvent cements satisfy the long term pressure test procedure of AS/ NZS 3879 requiring an open time of 3 minutes. Open time is the time from the beginning of solvent application until the jointing of the parts. Important: In the field, allowable open time can vary considerably because weather conditions can influence the drying time of solvent cements. Each joint should be completed immediately.

Adverse Weather
High temperature and air movement will radically increase the loss of solvents, and solvent cement jointing should not be performed when the temperature is more than 35C. Some form of protection should be provided when jointing in windy and dusty conditions. When jointing under wet and very cold conditions, make sure that the mating surfaces are dry and free from ice, as moisture may prevent the solvent cement from obtaining its maximum strength.

Correct Solvent Quantity


The correct amount of solvent is a uniform self-levelling layer without runs, achieved by experience and judgement. Too much solvent will form pools and continue to attack and weaken the pipe. Too little solvent will require you to brush out excessively, the solvent will quickly evaporate with vigorous brushing. Take care not to spill solvent cement onto pipes or fittings. Accidental spillage should be wiped off immediately.

Storage
Keep the containers stored below 30C. The solvent cement lids should be tightly sealed when not in use to prevent evaporation of the solvent. Do not use solvent cement that has gone cloudy or has started to gel in the can. Do not use solvent cement after the use by date shown on the can, the chemical constituents can change over a long period, even in a sealed can.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Safety
Forced ventilation should be used in confined spaces. Do not bring a naked flame within the vicinity of solvent cement operations. Spillage onto the skin should be washed off immediately with soap and water. Should the solvent cement get in the eyes, wash them with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice.

Average number of joints per 500ml


The following table provides an indication as to the number of joints that are made per 500ml container of priming fluid and solvent cement.

Size DN (mm)
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 225 250 300 375

Priming fluid
1050 625 450 325 250 150 125 100 70 60 45 25 15 12 12 12

Solvent cement
300 175 130 95 70 42 35 30 25 20 15 10 7 6 5 5

Priming Fluid
If poisoning occurs, contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting - give a glass of water. For further safety information, refer to Material Safety Data Sheet available from Vinidex.

Solvent Cement
If poisoning occurs, contact a doctor or Poisons Information Centre. If swallowed, and more than 15 minutes from a hospital, induce vomiting preferably using Ipecac Syrup APF. For further safety information, refer to Material Safety Data Sheet available from Vinidex.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Rubber Ring Joints
Jointing rings are supplied with the pipe, together with a lubricant suitable for the purpose. Other lubricants may not be suitable for potable water contact and may affect the ring. They should not be substituted without specific knowledge of these effects. The ring provides a fluid seal in the socket of a pipe or fitting and is compressed when the spigot is passed into the socket. Check the label on the pipe socket. Series 1, Series 2, sewer rings or rings from other manufacturers cannot be interchanged. Sewer rings may contain a root inhibitor and must not be used for potable water lines. These rings can be easily identified by their two coloured dots; pressure rings have only one coloured dot.
Table 4.1 Rubber Ring Spigot Dimensions (a) Series 1 - Socketed pipe (b) Series 2 - Socketed pipe

Size DN (mm)

Approx. length of chamfer Lc (mm)


6 8 10 11 13 14 17 18 20 23 28

Witness mark Lw (mm)

Size DN (mm)

Approx. length of chamfer Lc (mm)


12 14 18 21 23 28 36

Witness mark Lw (mm)

50 65 80 100 125 150 200 225 250 300

76 82 86 97 109 116 140 150 176 187 212

100 150 200 225 250 300 375

105 127 171 180 191 211 226

Chamfering
Vinidex PVC pipes for rubber ring jointing are supplied with a chamfered end. However, if a pipe which has been cut in the field is to be used for making a rubber ring joint, the spigot end must be chamfered. Special chamfering tools are available for this purpose, but in the absence of this equipment a body file can be used provided it does not leave any sharp edges which may cut the rubber ring. Do not make an excessively sharp edge at the rim of the bore and do not chip or break this edge.

375

When a pipe is cut, a witness mark should be pencilled in. Care should be taken to mark the correct position. For the correct chamfer lengths and witness mark positions, consult the Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions Table for the relevant pipe type. Where two witness mark positions are given, both should be marked on the pipe and the joint made so that one mark remains visible.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Procedure
1. Pipes may be jointed out of the trench but it is preferable that connections be made in the trench to prevent possible pulling of the joint. 2. Clean the socket, especially the ring groove. Do not use rag with lubricant on it. 3. Check that the spigot end, if cut in the field, has a chamfer of approximately 12 to 15. Insert the rubber ring into the groove with the colour marking on the ring facing outwards. The rubber ring is correctly fitted when the thickest cross section of the ring is positioned towards the outside of the socket and the groove in the rubber ring is positioned inside the socket. Note that large diameter Hydro PVC-M pipes incorporate a Rieber joint with a non removeable rubber ring that is pre-installed in the factory. 4. Run your finger around the lead-in angle of the rubber ring to check that it is correctly seated, not twisted, and that it is evenly distributed around the ring groove. 5. Clean the spigot end of the pipe as far back as the witness mark. 6. Apply Vinidex jointing lubricant to the spigot end as far back as the witness mark and especially to the chamfered section. Note: Keep the rubber ring and ring groove free of jointing lubricant until the joint is actually being made.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
7. Align the spigot with the socket and apply a firm, even thrust to push the spigot into the socket. It is possible to joint 100 mm and 150 mm diameter pipes by hand. However, larger diameter pipes such as 200 mm and above may require the use of a bar and timber block as illustrated. Alternatively, a commercially available pipe puller may be used to joint the pipes. 8. Brace the socket end of the line so that previously jointed pipes are prevented from closing up 9. Inspect each joint to ensure that the witness mark is just visible at the face of each socket. 10. Pipe joints must not be pushed home to the bottom of the socket. They must go no further than the witness mark. This is to allow for possible expansion of the pipe. Polydex PVC and cast iron fittings use the same rubber ring as Polydex pipe and jointing procedures are identical. See note p. 4-8211:l2 on other brand fittings. 11. If a pipe joint is homed too far, it may be withdrawn immediately, but once the lubricant is dry (which takes only a few minutes in hot weather) mechanical aids are required to pull the joint apart. 12. With mechanical assis tance, rubber ring joints can be recovered and re-made years after the original joint was made. New rubber rings should be used and care should be taken to ensure that there is no damage to pipe or socket. If the joint is likely to be dismantled in the future the task is much easier if silicone lubricant is used.

TYPICAL RING CROSS-SECTION

BAR & BLOCK JOINTING

Hint: If excessive force is required to make a joint, this may mean that the rubber ring has been displaced. To check placement of the ring without having to dismantle the joint, a feeler gauge can be inserted between the socket and pipe to check even placement of the ring.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Jointing Pipes with Couplings
Procedure
To simplify the jointing process it is suggested that the initial joint made with the coupling is carried out before the pipe is placed in the trench. 1. Clean the socket of the coupling and spigot of the pipe. 2. Apply Vinidex jointing lubricant to the spigot of the pipe as far back as the witness mark and especially to the chamfered section. Align the spigot with the coupling and apply a firm even thrust to push the spigot into the coupling. For this joint, ensure that the spigot is inserted until the witness mark is no longer visible. It is possible to joint the 150mm pipe by hand. It may be found helpful to brace the coupling against a solid vertical surface.The second joint is made with the coupling of the pipe already in the trench. 3. Use the same technique as before but only insert the spigot into the coupling sufficiently to leave one witness mark visible at the face of the coupling. This is necessary to allow for possible expansion of the pipe after installation. If a joint is inserted too far, it may be withdrawn immediately, but once the lubricant is dry (which only takes a few minutes in hot weather) mechanical aids are required to pull the joint apart. Ensure the coupling to be jointed is supported to prevent closing of preceding couplings. The diagram below indicates the correct pipe positions in the coupling.

Pipeline Fittings
Vinidex Superlink ductile iron fittings have been designed with deep sockets to be suitable for PVC pressure pipes in all situations. The depth of sockets on pipes and fittings must be sufficient to accommodate the axial movements due to the combined effect of a number of factors, such as thermal contraction and Poisson contraction which occurs when a pipe is pressurised. The Poisson effect is more significant for PVC-M and PVC-O pipes because of their higher operating stress. Vinidex Superlink ductile iron fittings have socket lengths adequate for all situations and are recommended for use with PVC pipe.

Use of Other Brand Fittings


A variety of other cast/ductile iron, bronze, aluminium, steel ABS and PVC fittings may be used with Vinidex PVC pipes. In most cases the fittings have sockets that are shorter than pipe sockets. When the socket is too short for the spigot to be inserted to the witness mark, the pipe should be fully homed and special precautions should be taken during construction to ensure that no contraction of the pipe will be taken up at these joints, i.e. it should be taken up at other joints.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

10

Installation
Flanged Joints
The main functions of a flanged joint is to create a demountable joint, to connect valves and vessels where strength in tension is required, or to joint to other materials. The three types of flanges available are: 1. Full-faced PVC socketed flanges. 2. PVC socketed stub flanges with loose PVC or metal backing rings. 3. Tapered cores with either metal or PVC flanges. Flange joints require gaskets to seal them. In high stress situations, metal backing plates or flat washers are also required to spread the force and prevent damage to the flange. Bolts should not be over tightened. Epoxy-coated aluminium or ductile iron flange adaptors are also available. the amount of tape accordingly. Under no circumstances should the thread bottom against a stop on either the male or female fitting. 2. Hand tighten initially. Usually a further two more turns are sufficient to effect a seal. Tighten only just enough to seal, plus half a turn more. Note. Over tightening will over stress the fitting. Avoid using serrated grip tools particularly on the plain barrel of fittings or pipes. 3. If a threaded connection is made to a metal fitting, it is preferable that the male thread be PVC. For female PVC fittings special care should be taken to avoid overstressing.
GOLDEN RULE DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN

Connection to Other Materials


A wide range of adaptors to joint PVC pipes and fittings to pipes and fittings of other materials is available. See Product Data section for more details

SERVICE CONNECTIONS Tapping Saddles


Only tapping saddles complying with AS/NZS 4793 - Mechanical tapping bands for waterworks purposes and designed for use with PVC pipe should be used. These saddles should: 1. Be contoured to fit around the pipe, have an O or V seal and not have lugs or sharp edges that dig in. 2. Have a positive stop to avoid overtightening of the saddle around the pipe. Tapping saddles, which employ U-bolt fastenings, are not suitable for PVC pipes. Tapping clamps with full face flat gaskets have no diameter control and the high force required to seal may crush the pipe. Plastic and reinforced plastic units should be used only with specific recommendation from the supplier that they have been tested for use with the pipe material. The maximum hole size that should be drilled in a PVC pipe for tapping purposes is 50 mm, or 1/3 the pipe diameter, whichever is smaller.

Compression Joints
There are various types of compression joints available for use with PVC pipes. (See Section 5 for details.) In principle all of these effect a seal by mechanical compression of a rubber ring by means of threaded caps or bolted end plates. Because immediate pressurisation is possible such joints are generally preferred for repair work. They are also used frequently for final connections in difficult situations where slight misalignment cannot be avoided. When making compression joints the manufacturers recommendations should be followed. Over-tightening should be avoided. It may be found advantageous to use a lubricant on the rubber ring.

Threaded Joints
or normal water supply purposes, the cutting of threads on PVC pipes is not an acceptable practice. A moulded threaded adaptor should be used. (See Section 5 for details.) When making threaded joints the following points should be observed:1. A thread sealant is recommended and the only acceptable material is PTFE (TEFLON) tape. Hemp, grease or solvent cement should never be used. Test the fit of the joint, particularly when connecting to other materials or to other manufacturers fittings. Judge

11

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
This does not prevent the connection of larger branch lines via tapping saddles, provided the hydraulic loss through the restricted hole size is acceptable. For larger branches generally, a tee is preferred. Holes should not be drilled into PVC pipe: 1. Less than 300 mm from a spigot end. 2. Closer than 500 mm to another hole on a common parallel line. 3. Where significant bending stress is applied to the pipe. Note: A spade bit is not suitable for drilling PVC pipes.

Storage of PVC Pipes


Pipes should be given adequate support at all times. Pipes should be stacked in layers with sockets placed at alternate ends of the stack and with the sockets protruding. Horizontal supports of about 75 mm wide should be spaced not more than 1.5 m centreto-centre beneath the pipes to provide even support. Vertical side supports should also be provided at intervals of 3 m along rectangular pipe stacks. For long-term storage (longer than 3 months) the maximum free height should not exceed 1.5 m. The heaviest pipes should be on the bottom. Crated pipes, however, may be stacked higher provided that the load bearing is not taken directly by the lower pipes. In all cases, stacking should be such that pipes will not become distorted. If it is planned to store pipes in direct sunlight for a period in excess of one year, then the pipes should be covered with material such as hessian, placed so as to not restrict the circulation of air in the pipes which has a cooling effect. Coverings such as black plastic must not be used as these can greatly increase the temperatures within the stack. Pipes should not be stored close to heat sources or hot objects, eg., heaters, boilers steam lines or engine exhaust, or against reflective metal fences which may concentrate heat.

Direct Tapping
Vinidex does not recommend direct tapping (threading of the pipe wall) for PVC pressure lines.

HANDLING AND STORAGE


PVC pipe is very robust, but still can be damaged by rough handling. Pipes should not be thrown from trucks or dragged over rough surfaces. Plastic piping becomes more susceptible to damage in very cold weather so extra care should be taken when the temperature is low. Since the soundness of any pipe joint depends on the condition of the spigot and the socket, special care should be taken not to allow them to come into contact with sharp edges or protruding nails.

Live Tapping
Various tools are available to allow live tapping of a line using a specially adapted tapping band. The tapping band should be fitted to the pipe and correctly tightened. A specially adapted main cock for live tapping should be fitted to the tapping saddle using PTFE tape and a drilling machine fitted with a shell cutter or hole saw. The hole is drilled and the tapping flushed. The hole saw is then withdrawn and the main cock sealed. The tapping machine is removed along with the hole cut-out and the main cock plunger or cap is then fitted.

Transportation of PVC Pipes


While in transit pipes should be well secured and supported. Chains or wire ropes may be used only if suitably padded to protect the pipe from damage. Care should be taken that the pipes are firmly tied so that the sockets cannot rub together. Pipes may be unloaded from vehicles by rolling them gently down timbers, care being taken to ensure that the pipes do not fall onto one another or onto any hard or uneven surface.

Dry Tapping
The procedure is the same as above except that the hole can be drilled before the main cock is fitted. It is also possible to dry tap using a twist drill with razor sharp cutting edges ground to an angle of 80. Removal of the swarf, however, is more difficult and wherever possible the use of a hole saw is recommended.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

12

Installation
BELOW-GROUND INSTALLATION
(See also AS 2032)

Table 4.2 Recommended Trench Widths

Preparing the Pipes


Before installation, each pipe and fitting should be inspected to see that its bore is free from foreign matter and that its outside surface has no large scores or any other damage. Pipe ends should be checked to ensure that the spigots and sockets are free from damage. Pipes of the required diameter and class should be identified and matched with their respective fittings and placed ready for installation.

Size DN (mm)
100 125 150 200 225 250 300 375

Minimum (mm)
320 340 360 425 450 480 515 600

Maximum (mm)
800 825 825 900 925 950 1000 1200

Unstable Conditions
Where a trench, during or after excavation, tends to collapse or cave in, it is considered unstable. If the trench is located, for instance, in a street or a narrow pathway and it is therefore impractical to widen the trench, support should be provided for the trench walls in the form of timber planks or other suitable shoring. Alternatively the trench should be widened until stability is reached. At this point, a smaller trench may then be excavated in the bottom of the trench to accept the pipe. In either case do not exceed the maximum trench width at the top of the pipe unless allowance has been made for the increased load.

Preparing the Trench


PVC pipe is likely to be damaged or deformed if its support by the ground on which it is laid is not made as uniform as possible. The trench bottom should be examined for irregularities and any hard projections removed.

Trench Widths
A trench should be as narrow as practical but adequate to allow space for working area and for tamping the side support. It should be not less than 200 mm wider than the outside diameter of the pipe irrespective of soil condition.

Trench Depths
The recommended minimum trench depth is determined by the loads imposed on the pipe such as the mass of backfill material, the anticipated traffic loads and any other superimposed loads. The depth of the trench should be sufficient to prevent damage to the pipe when the anticipated loads are imposed upon it.

Wide Trenches
For deep trenches where significant soil loading may occur, the trench should not exceed the widths given in the Table 4.2 without further investigation.

13

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Sands containing fines, and clays are difficult to compact and should only be used where it can be demonstrated that appropriate compaction can be achieved. Variations in the hard bed should never exceed 20% of the bedding depth. Absolute minimum underlay should be 75 mm. It may be necessary to provide a groove under each socket to ensure that even support along the pipe barrel is achieved.

Table 4.3 Minimum Cover

Loading
No vehicle loading Vehicular loading:not roadways sealed roadways unsealed roadways Embankments Construction equipment loading

Cover, H (mm)
300

450 600 750 750 750

Minimum Cover
Trenches should be excavated to allow for the specified depth of bedding, the pipe diameter and the minimum recommended cover, overlay plus backfill, above the pipes. Table 4.3 provides recommendations for minimum cover. The above cover requirements will provide adequate protection for all classes of pipe. Where it is necessary to use lower covers, several options are available. 1. Use a high quality granular backfill, eg crushed gravel or road base. 2. Use a higher class of pipe than required for normal pressure or other considerations. 3. Provide additional structural load bearing bridging over the trench. Temporary steel plates may be used in the case of construction loads.

Pipe Side Support


Material selected for pipe side support should be adequately tamped in layers of not more than 150 mm. Care should be taken not to damage the exposed pipe and to tamp evenly on either side of the pipe to prevent pipe distortion. Unless otherwise specified, the pipe side support and pipe overlay material used should be identical with the pipe bedding material.

Bedding Material
Preferred bedding materials are listed in AS 2032 as follows: 1. Suitable sand, free from rock or other hard or sharp objects that would be retained on a 13.2 mm sieve. 2. Crushed rock or gravel of approved grading up to a maximum size of 14 mm. 3. The excavated material may provide a suitable pipe underlay if it is free from rock or hard matter and broken up so that it contains no soil lumps having any dimension greater than 75 mm which would prevent adequate compaction of the bedding. The suitability of a material depends on its compactability. Granular materials (gravel or sand) containing little or no fines, or specification graded materials, require little or no compaction, and are preferred.

Pipe Overlay
The pipe overlay material should be levelled and tamped in layers to a minimum height of 150 mm above the crown of the pipe. Care should be taken not to disturb the line or grade of the pipeline, where this is critical, by excessive tamping.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

14

Installation
Backfill
Unless otherwise specified, excavated material from the site should constitute the back-fill. Gravel and sand can be compacted by vibratory methods and clays by tamping. This is best achieved when the soils are wet. If water flooding is used and extra soil has to be added to the original backfill, this should be done only when the flooded backfill is firm enough to walk on. When flooding the trench, care should be taken not to float the pipe.

Pipeline Buoyancy
Pipe, under wet conditions, can become buoyant in the trench. PVC pipe, being lighter than most pipe materials, should be covered with sufficient overlay and backfill material to prevent inadvertent flotation and movement. A depth of cover over the pipe of 1.5 times the diameter is usually adequate.

contraction to occur. Provided joints are made to the witness mark in the first instance, and contraction is taken up approximately evenly at each joint, there is no danger of loss of seal. A gap between witness mark and socket of up to 10 mm after contraction is quite acceptable. Further contraction may be observed on pressurisation of the line (so-called Poisson contraction due to circumferential strain). Again this is anticipated in joint design and is quite in order.

Expansion and Contraction


Pipe will expand or contract if it is installed during very hot or very cold weather, so it is recommended that the final pipe connections be made when the temperature of the pipe has stabilised at a temperature close to that of the backfilled trench. When the pipe has to be laid in hot weather, precautions should be taken to allow for the contraction of the line which will occur when it cools to its normal working temperature. For solvent cemented systems, the lines should be free to move until a strong bond has been developed (see Solvent Cement Jointing Procedures) and installation procedure should ensure that contraction does not impose strain on newly made joints. For rubber ring jointed pipes, if contraction accumulates over several lengths, pull-out of a joint can occur. To avoid this possibility the preferred technique is to back-fill each length, at least partially, as laying proceeds. (It may be required to leave joints exposed for test and inspection.) It should be noted that rubber ring joint design allows for

PVC Pipes Under Roads


PVC pipes can be installed under roads in either the longitudinal or transverse direction. The type of rock / granular materials specified for road subgrades have a very high soil modulus and offer excellent side support for flexible pipes as well as minimising the effects of dead and live loads. This represents an ideal structural environment for PVC pipes. Consideration should be given at the time of installation to ensure: 1. Construction loadings are allowed for; 2. The pipes are buried at sufficient depth to ensure they are not disturbed during future realignments or regrading of the road; and 3. Minimum depths of cover and compaction techniques are observed. See also Vinidex Technical Note - Flexible pipe in roadways. www.vinidex.com.au

Electrical Earthing
PVC piping is a non-conductive material and cannot be used for earthing electrical installations or for dissipating static charges. Local authorities, both water and electrical, should be consulted for their requirements.

INSTALLING PIPES ON A CURVE


When installing pipes on a curve, the pipe should be jointed straight and then laid to the curve. Bending of pipes is achieved in practice after each joint is made, by laterally loading the pipe by any convenient means, and fixing in place by compacted soil, or appropriate fixings above ground. The technique used depends on the size and class of pipe involved, as clearly the forces required to induce bending vary over a very large range. For buried lines in good soil, the compaction process can be used to induce bending as illustrated below. Bending aids, crowbars etc. must always be padded to prevent damage to pipes. Permanent point loads are not acceptable.

15

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Table 4.4 Maximum deflection angles, centre displacements and end offsets for 6m PVC pressure pipes.

Size DN (mm)
Significant bending moments should not be exerted on rubber ring joints, since this introduces undesirable stresses in the spigot and socket that may be detrimental to long term performance. To avoid this, reaction supports should be placed adjacent to the socket rather than on the sockets. For buried pipes this also allows the joint to be left open for inspection during testing. Because of this restriction, the length available for bending is less than the full length of the pipe. It is also not practicable to maintain a constant radius of curvature by application of point load forces. The calculations shown in Table 4.4 are derived from beam theory and assume a 5m bending length for calculation of the deflection angle. For other pipe lengths or loading configurations, see the Design Section for the relevant formulae. Solvent cement jointed pipes may be curved continuously, ie., bending moments may be transmitted across the joints, but bending may be applied only after full curing, 24 hours for pressure and 48 hours for non-pressure joints. For solvent cement jointed pipelines, the angular deflection figures should be increased by 20%

Force applied at centre span


Max. deflection angle deg Max. displacement mm Max. end offset mm

Forces applied at quarter points


Max. deflection angle deg Max. displacement mm 300 Max. end offset mm

Minimum radius of curvature/diameter ratio Series 1 diameters 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 175 200 Series 2 diameters 100 150 200 3.9 2.7 2.1 82 56 43 200 140 110 5.9 4.0 3.1 23 18 14 11 9.9 7.9 6.3 5.4 4.2 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.1 470 380 300 240 210 170 130 110 88 71 63 50 44 1200 950 740 580 520 410 330 280 220 180 160 130 110 34 27 21 17 15 12 9.5 8.1 6.3 5.1 4.5 3.6 3.2

650 520 410 330 290 230 180 160 120 98 86 69 61

1800 1400 1100 900 790 630 500 420 330 270 240 190 170

110 78 59

310 210 160

Note: Beam theory is applicable to small deflections and figures for small bore pipes with centreline displacements greater than 5% of span should be treated as very approximate

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

16

Installation
Thrust Blocks
Underground PVC pipelines jointed with rubber ring joints require concrete thrust blocks to prevent movement of the pipeline when a pressure load is applied. In some circumstances, thrust support may also be advisable in solvent cement jointed systems. Uneven thrust will be present at most fittings. The thrust block transfers the load from the fitting, around which it is placed, to the larger bearing surface of the solid trench wall.

ABOVE-GROUND INSTALLATION
(See also AS 2032)

General Considerations
In above ground installations, pipes should be laid on broad, smooth bearing surfaces wherever possible to minimise stress concentration and to prevent physical damage. PVC pipe should not be laid on steam lines or in proximity to other high temperature surfaces. Where a PVC pressure pipeline is used to supply cold water to a hot water cylinder, the last two metres of pipe should be made of copper and a nonreturn valve fitted between the PVC and copper line to prevent pipe failure. Where connections are made to other sections or to fixtures such as pumps or motors, care should be taken to ensure that the sections are axially aligned. Any deviations will result in undue stress on the jointing fittings which could lead to premature failure. If a pipeline is subjected to continuous vibration such as at the connection with a pump, it should be connected by a flexible joint or, if possible, the system should be redesigned to eliminate the vibration. The pipe must be adequately supported in order to prevent sagging and excessive distortion. Clamp, saddle, angle, spring or other standard types of supports and hangers may be used where necessary. Pipe hangers should not be over-tightened. Metal surfaces should be insulated from the pipe by plastic coating, wrapping or other means.

Construction of Thrust Blocks


Concrete should be placed around the fitting in a wedge shape with its widest part against the solid trench wall. Some forming may be necessary to achieve an adequate bearing area with a minimum of concrete. The concrete mix should be allowed to cure for seven days before pressurisation. A thrust block should bear firmly against the side of the trench and to achieve this, it may be necessary to hand trim the trench side or hand excavate the trench wall to form a recess. The thrust acts through the centre line of the fitting and the thrust block should be constructed symmetrically about this centre line. (See Thrust Support for design of thrust block size.) PVC pipes and fittings should be covered with a protective membrane of PVC, polyethylene or felt when adjacent to concrete so that they can move without being damaged. (See Setting of pipes in concrete)

Pipelines on Steep Slopes


Two problems can occur when pipes are installed on steep slopes, i.e. slopes steeper than 20% (1:5). 1. The pipes may slide downhill so that the witness mark positioning is lost. It may be necessary to support each pipe with some cover during construction to prevent the pipe slipping. 2. The generally coarse backfill around the pipe may be scoured out by water movement in the backfill. Clay stops or sandbags should be placed at appropriate intervals above and below the pipe to stop erosion of the backfill. Where bulkheads are used, one restraint per pipe length, placed adjacent to the socket, is considered sufficient for all slopes.

17

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
A build up of static electricity on the outside surface of PVC pipes can occur. Where there is a risk of explosion, such as in some mining applications, safety precautions may be required.

Supports
Brackets and Clips
For either free or fixed pipeline supports using brackets or clips, the bearing surface should provide continuous support for at least 120 of the circumference.

Straps

Straps

Placement of Supports

Metal straps used as supports should be at least 25 mm wide, either plastic-coated or wrapped in a protective material such as nylon or PE sheet. If a strap is fastened around a pipe, it should not distort the pipe in any way.

Free Supports

A free support allows the pipe to move without restraint along its axis while still being supported. To prevent the support from scuffing or damaging the pipe as it expands and contracts, a 6 mm thick layer of felt or lagging material is wrapped around the support. Alternatively, a swinging type of support can be used and the support strap, protected with felt or lagging, must be securely fixed to the pipe.

Careful consideration should be given to the layout of piping and its support system. Even for non pressure lines the effects of thermal expansion and contraction have to be taken into account. In particular, the layout should ensure that thermal and other movements do not induce significant bending moments at rigid connections to fixed equipment or at bends or tees. For solvent-cement jointed pipe any expansion coupling must be securely clamped with a fixed support. Other pipe clamps should allow for movement due to expansion and contraction. Rubber-ring jointed pipe should have fixed supports behind each pipe socket.

This procedure also allows for possible differential movement between the pipeline and concrete structure. It must be borne in mind, however, that without a compressible membrane; stress transfer to the concrete will occur and may damage the concrete section. 3. Expansion joints coinciding with concrete expansion joints should be provided to accommodate movement due to thermal expansion or contraction in the concrete.

Anchorage at Fittings

Fixed Supports

Setting of Pipes in Concrete

A fixed support rigidly connects the pipeline to a structure totally restricting movement in at least two planes of direction. Such a support can be used to absorb moments and thrusts.

When PVC pipes are encased in concrete, certain precautions should be taken:1. Pipes should be fully wrapped with a compressible material, such as felt, with a minimum thickness of 5% of the pipe diameter, i.e. 5 mm for a 100mm diameter pipe. 2. Alternatively, flexible (rubber ring) joints should be provided at entry to and exit from the concrete as shown.

It is advisable to rigidly clamp at valves and other fittings located at or near sharp directional changes, particularly when the line is subjected to wide temperature variations. With the exception of solvent-cement jointed couplings, all PVC fittings should be supported individually and valves should be braced against operating torque.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

18

Installation
Table 4.5 Recommended Maximum Spacing of Supports for all Classes of Pipe for Water

Size DN (mm)
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 300

Maximum Support Spacing


Horizontal (m) 0.60 0.70 0.75 0.85 0.90 1.05 1.20 1.35 1.50 1.70 2.00 2.20 2.30 2.50 2.60 3.00 Vertical (m) 1.20 1.40 1.50 1.70 1.80 2.10 2.40 2.70 3.00 3.40 4.00 4.40 4.60 5.00 5.20 6.00

Expansion Joints

For above-ground installations with solvent cement joints provision should be made in the pipeline for expansion and contraction. If the ends are constrained and there is likely to be significant thermal variation, then a rubber ring joint should be installed at least every 12 m to allow for movement within the pipeline.

Vertical Installation

Generally, vertical runs are supported by spring hangers and guided with rings or long U-bolts which restrict movement of the rise to one plane. It is sometimes helpful to support a long riser with a saddle at the bottom. Where a PVC pipeline is to pass through or is to be built into a floor or wall of a building, allowance should be made for it to move without shearing against any hard surfaces or without causing damage to the pipe or fittings. An annular space of not less than 6 mm should be left around the pipe or fitting. This clearance should be maintained and sealed with a flexible sealant such as loosely packed felt, a rubber convolute sleeve or other suitable flexible sealing material. If the pipeline has to pass through a fire-rated wall, appropriate fire stop collars should be installed. When a fire breaks out, the fire stop collar will expand and seal off the pipe, thus preventing fire from spreading by means of the pipe access hole. Because fire stop collars seal off the pipe they must not be used on the water supply lines required for fire fighting.

Support Spacing

The spacing of supports for a PVC pipeline depends on factors such as the diameter of the pipe, the density of the fluid being conveyed and the maximum temperature likely to be reached by the pipe material. Table 4.5 from AS 2032, shows the support spacing in metres for PVC pipe carrying water at 20C. These spacings do not allow for additional extraneous loadings. These spacings are also acceptable for PVC-O and PVC-M pipes. However, for the same class of pipes, PVC-O and PVC-M will show increased deflection between the supports. Since deflections are very small, this increase will not usually be of functional significance. If temperatures are in excess of 20C the horizontal spacing should be reduced by 25% for every 10C above 20C. At 60C, continuous horizontal support is required.

Thrust Anchorage

A solvent-cement jointed PVC pipeline will not usually require thrust anchorage, but the designer should take into consideration any stress on the fittings. As pipe diameter or working pressure increases it is good practice to install thrust anchors where necessary. A rubber-ring jointed pressure pipeline requires anchorage at all joints, at changes in direction and at other positions where unbalanced pressure forces exist.

19

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Installation
Protection from Solar Degradation
line up to pressure because the pipe expands slightly. AS 2032 recommends that the pressurised pipe should be allowed to stand for a minimum period of 15 minutes without make up pressure. Where the joints are available for inspection, and there is no evidence of leaks after 15 minutes, the pipeline is deemed to have passed the test. Where joints are not accessible, measure the amount of water required to re-pressurise the section. Where the makeup water does not exceed the allowance in the equation 4.1 below, the pipeline is deemed to have passed the test. The make-up water is not a leakage allowance. It is normal for a pressure drop to occur as the remaining air goes into solution and some further expansion of the pipe occurs. Q =0.14 LDH (4.1) tightness of the test section. This testing is based on the known relationship between creep strain and time. Re-pressurise the pipe and maintain the pressure for 5 hours by successively pumping in sufficient water at the same temperature (3C) as the water in the pipeline. Measure and record the volume (V1) of water required between the second and third hour. Measure and record the volume (V2) of water required between the fourth and fifth hour. The pipeline is deemed to have passed the test if the following equation is satisfied: V2 =0.55 V1 + Q (4.2)

Although PVC pipe can be installed in direct sunlight, it will be affected by ultra-violet light which tends to discolour the pipe and can cause a loss of impact strength. No other properties are impaired. If the pipe is to be installed in continuous direct sunlight, it is advisable to paint the exterior with a white or light-coloured PVA paint.

TESTING AND COMMISSIONING


The pipeline may be tested as a whole or in sections, depending on the diameter and length of the pipe, the spacing between sectioning valves or blank ends and the availability of water. Pipelines should be bedded and backfilled, but with the joints left uncovered for inspection before and after testing if possible. All thrust supports for fittings and valves must be finished and the concrete properly cured (the minimum time is seven days). Blank ends installed temporarily should be adequately supported to take the pressure thrust. Fill the pipeline with water and remove air from the system as far as possible. Allow the temperature to stabilise. Pressurise the system. Selection of field test pressures is related to the system operating conditions. A maximum test pressure of 1.25 times the system design pressure, measured at the lowest point in the system, is specified although the test pressure should not exceed 1.25 times the PN of the lowest rated component in the system. Additional water will be required to bring the

Where: Q = allowable make-up water (l/h) L = length of the test section (km) D = nominal diameter of the pipe (m) H = average test head over the test length (m) This simple test above should suffice if the pipe is well supported by soil. If however, the allowable make up water level is exceeded, it does not necessarily mean that the pipeline has a leak. Viscoelastic creep of the pipe can give result in a drop in pressure even if there is no leak, particularly for higher strain pipes such as PVC-M and PVC-O if the soil compaction levels are not high. In this situation, further testing will be required to verify the leak

Where Q is the allowable make-up water from (4.1) It should be borne in mind that static pressure testing does not necessarily simulate pressures developed under operating conditions, and in order to obtain adequate testing of all parts of the line it may be desirable to divide it into sections.

FLUSHING
Following successful testing, the line should be thoroughly flushed and dosed with a sterilising agent such as chlorine. Local authority requirements should be followed.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

20

Installation
DETECTING BURIED PIPES
Because PVC is a non-magnetic and non-conductive material, direct location by magnetic and electronic means is not possible. Several techniques are appropriate.

Audio Detection

Metal Detectable Tapes

Several excellent audio leak detectors are now available. One type requires an acoustic signal to be introduced to the pipe at some convenient location, e.g. a hydrant. A tuned detector is then used to locate the pipeline. These units are still effective with high background noise levels. A second type picks up the sound of turbulence from flowing water in the pipe. This must be done in the absence of extraneous background noise, particularly traffic sounds. Skilled operators can also pinpoint the location of fittings. The equipment can also be used for detecting underground leaks.

The use of metal detectable tapes is now common. These offer the dual facility of a colour-coded early warning visual marker during excavation and traceability of the pipe when the precise location is not known. The tape is placed on top of the pipe surround material and can later be located by using simple metal detectors operating in the 4 - 20 MHz range at depths ranging to 450 - 600 mm depending on equipment.

Trace Wires

Trace wires are useful where pipes are buried significantly deeper. The trace wire is usually laid under the pipe, to avoid damage, and when a suppressed current is applied it can be detected at depths up to 3 metres using commercially available inductive detectors. Suitable trace wires are the vinyl-coated single copper wire conductors for conveyance of an electric current. Disadvantages of the system are that both ends of the wire have to be accessed to apply the current, and if the wire is broken the system cannot be used.

21

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data

Contents
PRODUCT DATA PIPE PIPE DIMENSION & WEIGHTS AS 1477 Series 1 (including Polydex) AS/NZS 1477 Series 2 - Vinyl Iron Supermain Product List AS 4765 Series 1 Hydro PVC-M pipe AS 4765 Series 2 Hydro PVC-M pipe JOINT ASSEMBLY AND CONTROL DIMENSIONS Solvent Cement Joint Polydex Series 1 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Vinyl Iron Series 2 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Hydro Series 1 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Hydro Series 2 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Supermain Series 1 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint Supermain Series 2 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint JOINTING MATERIALS Priming Fluid Solvent Cement Jointing Lubricant Rubber Rings PRODUCT DATA - FITTINGS Solvent Cement Fittings Polydex Fittings Ductile Iron Fittings Tapping Bands Hydrants and Valves Ancilliary Products 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 10 12 14 15 17 19 20 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 41 53 72 73 81

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Disclaimer Minimum pack quantities apply to all products, orders will automatically be adjusted to minimum pack quantities or multiple. Limitation of Liability This product catalogue has been compiled by Vinidex Pty Limited (the Company) to promote better understanding of the technical aspects of the Companys products to assist users in obtaining from them the best possible performance. The product catalogue is supplied subject to acknowledgement of the following conditions: 1 The product catalogue is protected by copyright and may not be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means in whole or in part without prior consent in writing by the Company.. 2 Product specifications, usage data and advisory information may change from time to time with advances in research and field experience. The Company reserves the right to make such changes at any time without further notice. 3 Correct usage of the Companys products involves engineering judgements, which can not be properly made without full knowledge of all the conditions pertaining to each specific installation. The Company expressly disclaims all and any liability to any person whether supplied with this publication or not in respect of anything and all of the consequences of anything done or omitted to be done by any such person in reliance whether whole or part of the contents of this publication. 4 No offer to trade, nor any conditions of trading, are expressed or implied by the issue of content of this product catalogue. Nothing herein shall override the Companys Condition of Sale, which may be obtained from the Registered Office or any Sales Office of the Company. 5 This product catalogue is and shall remain the property of the Company, and shall be surrendered on demand to the Company. 6 Information supplied in this product catalogue does not override a job specification, where such conflict arises; consult the authority supervising the job. Copyright Vinidex Pty Limited.

Product Data
PRODUCT DATA PIPE
A wide range of standard PVC pressure pipes are manufactured by Vinidex to suit the variety of applications. For large projects, it is also possible to manufacture custom-designed pipes, for example for specific ratings or lengths. Full details of dimensions of all sizes, classes and joint types are given in the following tables. Toleranced dimensions are shown for key dimensions subject to quality control. Other dimensions, and those shown as nominal, are provided for information only.

Wall Thicknesses

Wall thickness of PVC pipes are referenced by their Pressure Class or PN designation. Within each diameter series a number of standard Classes are available. In general, pipes within a particular class are characterised by a constant dimension ratio (mean diameter/wall thickness), for all sizes, in accordance with the design rules specified in the above Standards. For further information and guidance in selection of size and class, please refer to our Design Guidelines.

Joints

AS/NZS 1477 Series 1 PVC pipes and VINIDEX-HYDRO Series 1 PVC-M pipes employ two jointing systems: Solvent Cement Joint A chemically welded joint with capability of supporting axial thrust. Available in sizes to DN 300, but especially suited to smaller diameter above ground systems. Rubber Ring Joint A rubber ring joint system providing a flexible joint with capability of axial and angular movement. Simple, error-free installation makes this joint suited to larger diameter underground work. Sizes DN 50 and larger. AS/NZS 1477 Series 2 VINYL IRON pipes, AS/NZS 4441 PVC-O Supermain Series 1 and Series 2 pipes and Series 2 Vinidex Hydro PVC-M pipes, employ rubber ring joints only.

Lengths

Diameters

Diameters of PVC pipes are referenced by their Nominal Size or simply Size (symbol DN, in accordance with international practice), which represents the approximate diameter in millimetres. Actual external and internal diameters are given in the standard dimension tables. Two standard diameter ranges are manufactured: 1. Series 1: Metric pipe sizes which are compatible with International Standards Organisation (ISO) R161 in sizes DN 125 and larger. Colour: white 2. Series 2 : has diameters compatible with Ductile Iron (Dl) pipes in sizes DN 100 and larger. Colour: blue or purple for recycled water pipes.

The standard effective length of all pipes is six metres, with one end socketed (belled) for jointing purposes. Other lengths, up to 12m may also be available in some products. Plain-ended pipes for jointing with couplings are also used.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
PIPE DIMENSION & WEIGHTS
AS 1477 Series 1 SCJ and Polydex RRJ PVC-U pipe
Size DN 15 20 Mean OD Dm 21.35 26.75 Class PN 15 18 12 15 18 25 33.55 9 12 15 18 32 42.25 9 12 15 18 40 48.25 6 9 12 15 18 50 60.35 6 9 12 15 18 65 75.35 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 80 88.9 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 100 114.3 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 125 140.2 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 Mean Bore Di 18.3 17.8 23.7 23 22.4 30.5 29.8 29 28.1 38.5 37.5 36.4 35.4 45.2 44.1 42.8 41.6 40.5 56.8 55.2 53.7 52.2 50.5 72 71 68.9 67 65.1 63.2 84.9 83.7 81.3 79 76.7 74.6 109.3 107.8 104.6 101.7 98.8 96 134.1 132.2 128.4 124.9 121.3 117.7 Mean Wall Tp 1.55 1.8 1.55 1.9 2.2 1.55 1.9 2.3 2.75 1.9 2.4 2.95 3.45 1.55 2.1 2.75 3.35 3.9 1.8 2.6 3.35 4.1 4.95 1.7 2.2 3.25 4.2 5.15 6.1 2 2.6 3.8 4.95 6.1 7.15 2.5 3.25 4.85 6.3 7.75 9.15 3.05 4 5.9 7.65 9.45 11.25 Length (m) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Mass (kg/lgth) 0.8 0.9 1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 2 2.3 2 2.6 3.1 3.7 1.9 2.6 3.4 4 4.8 2.8 4.2 5.3 6.4 7.6 4 4.3 6.4 8.2 10.5 12.8 4.6 6.1 8.8 11.5 13.9 16.2 7.5 10 14.7 20 23 27 11.3 15.1 22.3 28.5 20.5 44.6 Product Code SCJ 13510 13520 13540 13550 13560 13570 13590 13600 13610 13630 13640 13650 13660 13680 13700 13710 13720 13740 13760 14500 14510 14520 14530 14540 14550 14560 14570 14590 14600 14610 14620 14630 14650 14660 14670 14680 14690 Product Code Polydex 16010 16020 16060 16070 16100 16110 16120 16130 16150 16160 16170 16180 16190 16200 16210 16220 -

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularly products marked

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
PIPE DIMENSIONS (cont...) AS 1477 Series 1 (including Polydex) - 6 metre lengths (cont )
Size DN 150 Mean OD Dm 160.25 Class PN 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 155 168.25 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 175 200.25 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 195 219.1 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 200 225.3 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 225 250.35 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 250 280.4 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 Mean Bore Di 153.4 151.3 146.9 142.7 138.7 134.7 161.3 158.7 154.2 149.9 145.6 141.4 192.5 190.1 185.2 180.6 176 171.5 209.7 206.7 200.8 195.2 189.5 184.2 216.7 213.8 208.5 203.1 198 192.9 240.8 237.7 231.7 225.8 220 214.4 269.7 266.2 259.4 252.9 246.4 240.1 Mean Wall Tp 3.45 4.5 6.7 8.8 10.8 12.8 3.5 4.8 7.05 9.2 11.35 13 45 3.9 5.1 7.55 9.85 12.15 14.4 4.7 6.2 9.15 11.95 14.8 17.45 4.3 5.75 8.4 11.1 13.65 16.2 4.8 6.35 9.35 12.3 15.2 18 5.35 7.1 10.5 13.75 17 20.15 Length (m) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Mass (kg/lgth) 15 20 29 38 46 58 16 22 31 40 48 60 22 29 42 55 67 78 29 38 56 72 92 112 26 35 51 67 81 95 33 44 63 82 101 118 41 55 80 104 127 149 Product Code SCJ 14710 14720 14730 14740 14760 14794 14796 14798 14830 14840 14850 14890 14900 14910 Product Code Polydex 16250 16260 16270 16280 16290 16300 16320 16330 16340 16350 16370 16380 16390 16400 16410 16440 16450 16460 16470 -

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularly products marked + Obsolete

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
PIPE DIMENSIONS (cont...) AS 1477 Series 1 (including Polydex) - 6 metre lengths (cont )
Size DN 300 Mean OD Dm 315.45 Class PN 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 375 400.5 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 Mean Bore Di 303.4 299.5 292 284.5 277.3 270 2 385.2 380.3 370.7 361.2 352 343 Mean Wall Tp 6.05 8 11.75 15.5 19.1 22 65 7.65 10.1 14.9 19.65 24.25 28.75 Length (m) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Mass (kg/lgth) 53 69 101 133 161 190 0 86 113 166 216 264 310 Product Code SCJ 15010 15020 Product Code Polydex 16500 16510 16520 16530 16540 16550 16560 -

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularly products marked

PIPE DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS AS/NZS 1477 Series 2 - Vinyl Iron - 6 metre lengths
Size DN 100 Mean OD Dm 121.9 Class PN 12 16 18 20 150 177.4 12 16 18 20 200 225 250 300 375 232.2 259.25 286.7 345.35 426.2 12 16 12 16 12 16 12 16 12 16 Mean Bore Di 108.5 104.3 102.4 100.3 157.9 152 149.1 146.1 209.3 202.2 233.7 225.7 258.1 249.2 311.4 300.9 384.4 371.2 Mean Wall Tp 6.7 8.8 9.75 10.8 9.75 12.7 14.15 15.65 11.45 15 12.8 16.8 14.05 18.5 17 22.25 20.9 27.5 Length (m) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Mass (kg/lgth) 22.5 29.1 32.2 35.1 47.8 61.5 67.8 74.1 74.1 95.3 92.4 119.4 112.2 144.9 163.5 210.3 247.8 321 Product Code 17260 17270 17280 17290 17300 17310 17320 17330 17340 17342 17390 17393 17350 17354 17360 17364 17379 17382

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularly products marked

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Supermain Product List
Note that some sizes may not be available from all Vinidex locations. Please check availability with your nearest Vinidex office. Supermain pipes are supplied in standard 6 metre effective lengths. The product description includes the material classification and pipe colour. eg; SUPERMAIN355W refers to PVC-O material MRS 355 and colour white. The pipe colours are; W=white, B=blue, P=purple, C=cream, G=grey

Supermain PVC-O International Series Pipe


International Series pipes are designated by Outside Diameter (OD) in accordance with ISO convention. These pipes have the characters iso printed after the pipe diameter in the product description. The equivalent Nominal Bore (Series 1) dimension is shown in the table below for reference only.
Diameter DN160 DN225 DN250 DN280 DN315 DN160 DN225 DN250 DN280 DN315 PN 10 10 10 10 10 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 Product Code 17535 17534 17533 17532 17531 17528 17529 17530 17527 17526 Product Description 160iso PN10 SUPERMAIN355W 6M 225iso PN10 SUPERMAIN355W 6M 250iso PN10 SUPERMAIN355W 6M 280iso PN10 SUPERMAIN355W 6M 315iso PN10 SUPERMAIN355W 6M 160iso PN12.5 SUPERMAIN450W 6M 225iso PN12.5 SUPERMAIN450W 6M 250iso PN12.5 SUPERMAIN450W 6M 280iso PN12.5 SUPERMAIN450W 6M 315iso PN12.5 SUPERMAIN450W 6M Nominal Bore 150 mm 200 mm 225 mm 250 mm 300 mm 150 mm 200 mm 225 mm 250 mm 300 mm comment available not available available available available available not available available available available

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office.

Super i Rubber Rings to suit Supermain International Series Pipe


Diameter DN160 DN225 DN250 DN280 DN315 Product code 83311 83312 83313 83314 83315 Description 160iso/150S1 SUPERi DH RR SBR 225iso/200S1 SUPERi DH RR SBR 250iso/225S1 SUPERi DH RR SBR 280iso/250S1 SUPERi DH RR SBR 315iso/300S1 SUPERi DH RR SBR Comment dual hardness dual hardness dual hardness dual hardness dual hardness

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Supermain PVC-O Series 2 Pipe
Diameter DN100 DN100 DN100 DN100 DN100 DN100 DN100 DN100 DN150 DN150 DN150 DN150 DN150 DN150 DN150 DN150 DN150 DN200 DN200 DN200 DN200 DN200 DN200 DN200 DN225 DN225 DN225 DN225 DN225 DN225 DN250 DN250 DN250 DN250 DN250 DN250 DN300 DN300 DN300 DN300 DN300 PN 12.5 16 16 16 16 12.5 16 16 12.5 16 12.5 16 16 16 12.5 16 16 12.5 16 20 12.5 16 16 20 12.5 16 20 16 12.5 16 12.5 16 20 16 16 16 12.5 16 12.5 16 16 Product Code 17220 17221 17222 17491 17236 17497 17496 17495 17225 17226 17229 17227 17492 17489 17228 17246 17498 17230 17231 17493 17401 17232 17252 17490 17240 17241 17494 17245 17251 17253 17450 17455 17456 17473 17456 17474 17460 17464 17472 17466 17467 Product Description 100 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400B 6M 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500P 6M 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN450B 6M 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500G 6M 100 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400C 6M 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN500C 6M 100 PN16 SUPERMAIN450C 6M 150 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400B 6M 150 PN16 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 150 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400P 6M 150 PN16 SUPERMAIN500P 6M 150 PN16 SUPERMAIN450B 6M 150 PN16 SUPERMAIN450P 6M 150 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400G 6M 150 PN16 SUPERMAIN500G 6M 150 PN16 SUPERMAIN500C 6M 200 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400B 6M 200 PN16 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 200 PN20 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 200 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400P 6M 200 PN16 SUPERMAIN500P 6M 200 PN16 SUPERMAIN500C 6M 200 PN20 SUPERMAIN500C 6M 225 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400B 6M 225 PN16 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 225 PN20 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 225 PN16 SUPERMAIN500P 6M 225 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400G 6M 225 PN16 SUPERMAIN500C 6M 250 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400B 6M 250 PN16 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 250 PN20 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 250 PN16 SUPERMAIN500P 6M 250 PN16 SUPERMAIN500G 6M 250 PN16 SUPERMAIN500C 6M 300 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400B 6M 300 PN16 SUPERMAIN500B 6M 300 PN12.5 SUPERMAIN400P 6M 300 PN16 SUPERMAIN500P 6M 300 PN16 SUPERMAIN500G 6M application/colour potable water / Blue potable water / Blue recycled water / Purple potable water / Blue / Grey pressure sewer / Cream pressure sewer / Cream pressure sewer / Cream potable water / Blue potable water / Blue recycled water / Purple recycled water / Purple potable water / Blue recycled water / Purple / Grey / Grey pressure sewer / Cream potable water / Blue potable water / Blue potable water / Blue recycled water / Purple recycled water / Purple pressure sewer / Cream pressure sewer / Cream potable water / Blue potable water / Blue potable water / Blue recycled water / Purple / Grey pressure sewer / Cream potable water / Blue potable water / Blue potable water / Blue recycled water / Purple / Grey pressure sewer / Cream potable water / Blue potable water / Blue recycled water / Purple recycled water / Purple / Grey SN11 SN11 SN11 SN11 SN10 SN10 SN10 SN10 Stiffness

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Vinyl Iron Rubber Rings to suit Supermain Series 2 Pipe
Diameter DN100 DN150 DN200 DN225 DN250 DN300 Product code 83291 83296 83300 83303 83305 83308 Description 100 VINYL IRON S2 DH RR SBR 150 VINYL IRON S2 DH RR SBR 200 VINYL IRON S2 RR SBR 225 VINYL IRON S2 RR SBR 250 VINYL IRON S2 RR SBR 300 VINYL IRON S2 RR SBR Comment dual hardness dual hardness

AS 4765 Series 1 Hydro PVC-M pipe


Size DN 100 Mean OD Dm 114.3 Class PN 6 9 12 15 18 125 140.2 6 9 12 15 18 150 160.25 6 9 12 15 18 200 225.3 6 9 12 15 18 225 250.35 6 9 12 15 18 250 280.4 6 9 12 15 18 Mean Bore Di 108.4 107.5 105.6 103.6 101.7 133.2 131.9 129.5 127.2 124.8 152.4 150.9 148.4 145.6 142.8 214.4 212.5 208.6 204.8 200.9 238.2 236.3 232 227.7 223.4 267 264.6 259.9 254.9 250.4 Mean Wall Tp 3 3.4 4.4 5.4 6.3 3.5 4.2 5.4 6.5 7.7 4 4.7 6 7.35 8.8 5.5 6.4 8.4 10.3 12.2 6.1 7.1 9.2 11.4 13.5 6.7 7.9 10.3 12.8 15 Length (m) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 50 57 74 17145 17150 17155 48 60 17130 17135 17140 38 48 17115 17125 17100 17110 17120 19 24 17085 17095 17070 17080 17090 14 19 17055 17060 17065 10 13 17040 17050 Mass (kg/lgth) Product Code SCJ Product Code RRJ 17025 17035 17045

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularly products marked

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
AS 4765 Series 1 Hydro PVC-M pipe (cont )
Size DN 300 Mean OD Dm 315.45 Class PN 6 9 12 15 18 375 400.5 6 9 12 15 18 450 500.5 6 9 12 15 18 500 560.5 6 9 12 575 630.5 6 9 12 Mean Bore Di 300.5 298 292.4 287 282 381.5 378.2 371.4 364.4 357.8 476.9 472.9 464.3 455.4 447.3 534.2 529.6 520 601.1 596 585 Mean Wall Tp 7.5 8.8 11.6 14.3 17 9.5 11.2 14.6 18.1 21.4 11.8 13.8 18.1 22.6 26.6 13.2 15.5 20.3 14.7 17.3 22.8 Length (m) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 201 235 308 252 295 388 17415 17416 14717 17418 17419 17420 153 179 234 17171 17172 17173 101 115 157 17175 17180 17185 Mass (kg/lgth) 62 73 93 Product Code SCJ Product Code RRJ 17160 17165 17170

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularly products marked

AS 4765 Series 2 Hydro PVC-M pipe


Size DN 100 Mean OD Dm 121.9 12 16 18 20 150 177.4 12 16 18 20 200 225 250 300 375 232.2 259.25 286.7 345.35 426.2 12 16 16 12 16 12 16 9 12 16 450 507 6 9 12 16 Class PN Mean Bore Di 112.5 109.7 108.6 107.2 164.2 610.1 158.2 156.2 215.2 209.8 234.2 265.2 258.8 320.1 312.4 402.6 395.1 386.4 483.2 479.1 470.3 458.7 Mean Wall Tp 4.7 6.1 6.7 7.3 6.6 8.7 9.6 10.6 8.6 11.3 12.6 10.5 13.7 12.7 16.5 11.8 15.6 19.9 11.9 14 18.4 24.2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Length (m) Mass (kg/lgth) 15 19 21 23 30 39 44 48 52 66 82 79 100 116 145 130 170 222 162 190 249 325 Product Code 17181 17182 17183 17184 17185 17186 17187 17188 17189 17190 17194 17197 17198 17201 17202 17206 17207 17208 17411 17412 17413 17414

For availability of all products in this Table, please contact your nearest Vinidex office, particularly products marked PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
JOINT ASSEMBLY AND CONTROL DIMENSIONS Solvent Cement Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions
Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

For Internal diameter, Di and pipe wall thickness, Tp, refer to the relevant tables for PVC-U or Hydro PVC-M pipe. Socket wall thickness Ts is not less than 90% Tp. DN 15 20 PN 15 18 12 15 18 25 9 12 15 18 32 9 12 15 18 40 6 9 12 15 18 50 6 9 12 15 18 65 6 9 12 15 18 80 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 Dm Min 21.2 26.6 33.4 42.1 48.1 60.2 75.2 88.7 Dm Max 21.5 26.9 33.7 42.4 48.4 60.5 75.5 89.1 Dr Nom 21 26.4 33.2 41.9 47.9 60 75 88.5 Dm Nom 21.7 27.2 34 42.7 48.7 60.8 75.8 89.4 Ds Nom 24.5 24.9 29.9 30.6 31.1 36.7 37.4 38.1 38.9 46 46.9 47.9 48.8 51.4 52.4 53.6 54.7 55.7 64 65.4 66.8 68.2 69.6 79.7 81.6 83.3 85 86.7 92.9 94 96.2 98.2 100.3 102.2 Ls Nom 38 38 38 38 51 64 64 76

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

10

Product Data
Solvent Cement Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont....)
DN 100 PN 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 125 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 150 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 200 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 225 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 250 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 300 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 375 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 Dm Min 114.1 140 160 225 250 280 315 400 Dm Max 114.5 140.4 160.5 225.6 250.7 280.8 315.9 401 Dr Nom 113.7 139.6 159.6 224.5 249.4 279.4 314.3 399.1 Dm Nom 115 140.9 161 226.1 251.3 281.6 316.7 401.9 Ds Nom 119.4 120.8 123.7 126.3 128.9 131.4 146.3 148.1 151.5 154.7 157.9 161.1 167.2 169.1 173 176.8 180.4 184 233.9 236.4 241.3 246.1 250.7 255.2 260 262.8 268.2 273.5 278.6 283.7 291.2 294.4 300.4 306.3 312.1 317.8 327.6 331.1 337.8 344.6 351 357.5 415.7 420.1 428.7 437.3 443.9 451.9 Ls Nom 102 127 127 152 178 203 254 330

11

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Polydex AS 1477 Series 1 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions
Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits. DN 50 PN 6 9 12 15 18 65 6 9 12 15 18 80 6 9 12 15 18 100 6 9 12 15 18 125 6 9 12 15 18 150 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 200 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 Dm Min 60.2 75.2 88.7 114.1 140 160 225 Dm Max 60.5 75.5 89.1 114.5 140.4 160.5 225.6 Di Nom 56.8 55.2 53.7 52.2 50.5 71 68.9 67 65.1 63.2 83.7 81.3 79 76.7 74.6 107.8 104.6 101.7 98.8 96 132.2 128.4 124.9 121.3 117.7 153.4 151.3 146.9 142.7 138.7 134.7 216.7 213.8 208.5 203.1 198 192.9 Dso Nom 65.1 67 68.9 71.1 73.2 81.1 83.7 86.1 88.6 91.2 95.5 98.3 101.3 104.3 107.3 122.8 126.5 130.1 134 137.8 150.3 154.8 159.3 164 169.6 169.3 171.9 176.8 182.2 187.6 193.2 235.8 238.7 244.6 250.6 256.8 263.2 Dro Nom 78.5 80.1 81.8 83.4 85.1 95.6 97.7 99.6 101.5 103.4 110.7 113.1 115.6 118 120.1 138.9 142.1 145.1 148.1 151.1 170.2 173.9 177.6 181.3 184.9 187.5 189.6 194.1 198.4 202.5 206.5 258.5 261.3 266.3 271.5 276.3 281.1 Tp Min 1.6 2.4 3.1 3.8 4.6 2 3 3.9 4.8 5.7 2.4 3.5 4.6 5.7 6.7 3 4.5 5.9 7.3 8.6 3.7 5.5 7.2 8.9 10.6 3.2 4.2 6.3 8.3 10.2 12.1 4 5.4 7.9 10.5 12.9 15.3 Tp Max 2 2.8 3.6 4.4 5.3 2.4 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 2.8 4.1 5.3 6.5 7.6 3.5 5.2 6.7 8.2 9.7 4.3 6.3 8.1 10 11.9 3.7 4.8 7.1 9.3 11.4 13.5 4.6 6.1 8.9 11.7 14.4 17.1 Ts Min 1.7 2.6 3.5 4.5 5.5 2.1 3.3 4.4 5.6 6.8 2.5 3.8 5.2 6.6 8 3.3 5 6.7 8.5 10.3 4 6 8.1 10.3 13 3.4 4.6 6.9 9.4 11.9 14.5 4.3 5.7 8.7 11.7 14.8 18 Tr Min 1.6 2.4 3.1 3.8 4.6 2 3 3.9 4.8 5.7 2.4 3.5 4.6 5.7 6.7 3 4.5 5.9 7.3 8.6 3.7 5.5 7.2 8.9 10.6 3.2 4.2 6.3 8.3 10.2 12.1 4 5.4 7.9 10.5 12.9 15.3 L1 Nom 8 11 14 17 21 10 14 18 22 25 12 16 21 25 29 15 21 26 32 37 22 29 36 43 50 16 21 29 36 44 52 23 29 40 50 61 72 L2 Nom 50 51 52 58 63 63 66 L3 Nom 25 27 30 33 37 40 47 L4 Nom 96 101 106 117 133 134 152 Lc Nom 6 8 10 13 13 14 20 Lw Nom 81 88 95 106 125 123 144

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

12

Product Data
Polydex AS 1477 Series 1 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont...)
DN 225 PN 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 250 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 300 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 *375 4.5 6 9 12 Dm Min 250 280 315 400 Dm Max 250.7 280.8 315.9 401 Di Nom 240.8 237.7 231.7 225.8 220 214.4 269.7 266.2 259.4 252.9 246.4 240.1 303.4 299.5 292 284.5 277.3 270.2 385.2 380.3 370.7 361.2 Dso Nom 262.2 265.4 272 278.7 285.6 292.7 293.3 296.9 304.3 311.8 319.5 327.4 331 335.1 343.3 351.8 360.5 369.5 418.1 423.3 433.7 444.4 Dro Nom 282.7 285.7 291.3 296.9 302.5 307.7 326.2 329.6 336 342.2 348.4 354.4 369.4 373 380.2 387.4 394.2 401 461.3 465.9 475.1 484.1 Tp Min 4.5 6 8.8 11.6 14.4 17 5 6.7 9.9 13 16.1 19.1 5.7 7.5 11.1 14.7 18.1 21.5 7.2 95 14.1 18.6 Tp Max 5.1 6.7 9.9 13 16 19 5.7 7.5 11.1 14.5 17.9 21.2 6.4 8.5 12.4 16.3 20.1 23.8 8.1 10.7 15.7 20.7 Ts Min 4.8 6.4 9.6 13 16.5 20 5.3 7.1 10.8 14.5 18.4 22.4 6 8 12.2 16.4 20.8 25.2 7.6 10.1 15.4 20.7 Tr Min 4.5 6 8.8 11.6 14.4 17 5 6.7 9.9 13 16.1 19.1 5.7 7.5 11.1 14.7 18.1 21.5 7.2 9.5 14.1 18.6 L1 Nom 26 32 45 57 69 82 29 37 51 64 78 92 33 42 57 73 88 104 42 52 72 92 L2 Nom 80 69 80 82 L3 Nom 50 55 60 80 L4 Nom 170 175 190 205 Lc Nom 22 25 28 28 Lw Nom 154 164 174 206

*Deflection joint: 2.5 degrees lateral deflection capability.

13

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Vinyl Iron AS 1477 Series 2 PVC-U Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions
Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits. DN 100 PN 12 16 18 20 150 12 16 18 20 200 225 250 300 375 12 16 12 16 12 16 12 16 6 9 12 16 De Min 121.7 177.1 231.9 258.9 285.8 344.9 425.7 De Max 122.1 177.6 232.5 259.6 286.6 345.8 426.7 Di Nom 108.5 104.3 102.4 100.3 157.9 152 149.1 146.1 209.3 202.2 233.7 225.7 258.1 249.2 311.4 300.9 404.6 394.3 384.4 371.2 Dso Nom 136.4 141 143.2 145.4 198.2 204.8 208.2 211.6 257 264.6 286.7 295.3 316.6 326 382.1 393.5 450 460.6 471 485.2 Dro Nom 154.7 158.7 160.5 162.5 219.3 224.9 227.7 230.5 287.3 294.1 317.8 325.4 350 358.2 421.3 431.3 492 501.8 511.2 523.8 Tp Min 6.3 8.3 9.2 10.2 9.2 12 13.4 14.8 10.8 14.2 12.1 15.9 13.3 17.5 16.1 21.1 10.2 15.1 19.8 26.1 Tp Max 7.1 9.3 10.3 11.4 10.3 13.4 14.9 16.5 12.1 15 8 13.5 17.7 14.8 19.5 17.9 23.4 11.4 16.8 22 28.9 Ts Min 6.7 9 10.1 11.2 9.7 13 14.7 16.4 11.4 15.2 12.7 17 14.4 18.8 17 22.7 10.4 15.7 20.9 28 Tr Min 6.3 8.3 9.2 10.2 9.2 12 13.4 14.8 13 17 6 12.1 15.9 13.3 17.5 16.1 21.1 10.2 15.1 19.8 26.1 L1 Nom 27 35 38 42 39 50 55 61 52 63 62 74 62 76 76 92 66 82 97 118 L2 Nom 40 47 91 85 97 77 97 L3 Nom 40 49 62 65 71 82 84 L4 Nom 103 124 188 187 208 206 229 Lc Nom 12 13 21 24 27 32 38 Lw Nom 105 127 171 180 191 211 226

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

14

Product Data
Hydro AS 4765 Series 1 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions
Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits. For Internal diameter, Di, refer to the relevant tables for Series 1 Hydro PVC-M Pipe DN 100 PN 6 9 12 15 18 125 6 9 12 15 18 150 6 9 12 15 18 200 6 9 12 15 18 225 6 9 12 15 18 250 6 9 12 15 18 300 6 9 12 15 18 Dm Min 114.1 140 160 225 250 280 315 Dm Max 114.5 140.4 160.5 225.6 250.7 280.8 315.9 Dso Nom 120.3 121.2 123.2 125.3 127.5 148.6 149.9 152.4 155 157.7 168.4 169.9 172.8 175.7 178.9 236.6 238.6 242.7 246.9 251.3 263.3 265.3 269.8 274.5 279.4 295.4 297 302 307.6 312.5 332.1 334.8 340.7 346.6 352.7 Dro Nom 136.5 137.3 139.1 140.9 142.7 167 168.2 170.4 172.6 174.8 186.6 188 190.4 193 195.8 258.8 260.8 264.2 267.8 271.4 283 284.8 288.8 292.8 296.8 326.7 328.9 333.3 338.1 342.1 367.4 369.8 375 380 385 TpMin 2.5 2.9 3.8 4.7 5.6 3 3.6 4.7 5.8 6.9 3.4 4.1 5.3 6.6 11.1 4.8 5.7 7.5 9.3 11.1 5.4 6.3 8.3 10.3 12.3 6 7.1 9.3 11.6 13.7 6.7 7.9 10.5 13 15.5 Tp Max 3.4 3.9 4.9 6 7 4 4.7 6 7.2 8.5 4.5 5.3 6.6 8.1 13.3 6.1 7.1 9.2 11.2 13.3 6.8 7.8 10.1 12.4 14.7 7.4 8.7 11.2 13.9 16.3 8.3 9.6 12.6 15.5 18.4 Ts Min 2.6 3.1 4.1 5.2 6.3 3.2 3.9 5.1 6.4 7.8 3.6 4.4 5.7 7.2 12.4 5 6 8.1 10.2 12.4 5.7 6.7 9 11.3 13.7 6.3 7.5 10 12.9 15.3 7.1 8.4 11.4 14.3 17.4 Tr Min 2.5 2.9 3.8 4.7 5.6 3 3.6 4.7 5.8 6.9 3.4 4.1 5.3 6.6 11.1 4.8 5.7 7.5 9.3 11.1 5.4 6.3 8.3 10.3 12.3 6 7.1 9.3 11.6 13.7 6.7 7.9 10.5 13 15.5 L4 Nom 117 133 134 152 170 175 190 Lc Nom 13 13 14 20 22 25 28 Lw Nom 95 107 114 138 148 174 185

15

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Hydro AS 4765 Series 1 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont...)
DN *375 PN 6 9 12 15 18 Dm Min 400 Dm Max 401 Dso Nom 420.1 423.4 430.6 438.1 445.7 Dro Nom 462.3 465.3 471.7 478.1 484.3 TpMin 8.6 10.1 13.3 16.5 19.6 Tp Max 10.4 12.2 15.8 19.6 23.1 Ts Min 9.3 11 14.8 18.7 22.5 Tr Min 8.6 10.1 13.3 16.5 19.6 L4 Nom 205 Lc Nom 28 Lw Nom 206

*Deflection joint: 2.5 lateral deflection capability

Rieber Joints
DN 450 PN 6 9 12 15 500 6 9 12 575 6 9 12 Dm Min 500 560 630 Dm Max 501 561 631 Dso Nom 524 528.2 537.3 546.6 586 590 600 659 664 675 Dro Nom TpMin 10.7 12.6 16.6 20.6 12 14.1 18.6 13.4 15.8 20.9 Tp Max 12.9 15 19.6 24.5 14.3 16.8 21.9 16 18.7 24.6 Ts Min 11.2 13.3 17.8 22.5 12.6 14.9 19.9 14 16.7 22.4 L4 Nom 283 293 317 Lc Nom 35 43 43 43 37 44 44 42 53 53 Lw Nom 255 266 288

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

16

Product Data
Hydro AS 4765 Series 2 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions
Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits. For Internal diameter, Di, refer to the relevant tables for Series 2 Hydro PVC-M Pipe

Parallel Sockets
DN 100 150 200 225 PN 12 16 12 16 12 16 6 9 12 16 250 6 9 12 16 300 6 9 12 16 375 6 9 12 16 450* 12 16 *Rieber Joint De Min 121.7 177.1 231.9 258.9 285.8 344.9 425.7 506.5 De Max 122.1 177.6 232.5 259.6 286.6 345.8 426.7 507.5 Dso Nom 131.5 134.5 191 195.5 250 255.9 272.3 274.3 279 285.7 300.4 302.9 308.1 315.2 362.8 365.6 372 380.5 447.4 451 458.7 469.6 544 556 Dro Nom 148.9 152.4 212.1 215.9 280.4 285.4 303.9 305.7 309.9 315.5 334.6 336.8 341.4 347.4 402.8 405.4 411 418.2 488.7 491.9 498.7 507.9 TpMin 4.1 5.4 5.9 7.8 7.7 10.2 5.6 6.5 8.6 11.4 6.1 7.2 9.5 12.5 7.4 8.7 11.5 15.1 9.1 10.7 14.2 18.7 16.8 22.2 Tp Max 5.3 6.6 7.3 9.5 9.4 12.3 7 8 10.4 13.7 7.6 8.8 11.5 14.9 9.1 10.6 13.8 17.9 11 12.9 16.9 21.1 19.9 26.1 Ts Min 4.4 6 6.4 8.6 8.3 11.3 5.9 6.9 9.3 12.6 6.4 7.6 10.2 13.8 7.8 9.2 12.4 16.7 9.6 11.3 15.2 20.6 18 24.4 Tr Min 4.1 5.4 5.9 7.8 7.7 10.2 5.6 6.5 8.6 11.4 6.1 7.2 9.5 12.5 7.4 8.7 11.5 15.1 9.1 10.7 14.2 18.7 289 226 204 205 L4 Nom 101 122 195 184 Lc Nom 12 15 21 16 21 21 21 17 23 23 23 22 28 28 28 27 36 36 36 44 44 Lw Nom 103 125 169 178 189 209 224 260

17

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Hydro AS 4765 Series 2 PVC-M Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions (Cont...)
Deflection sockets
DN 100 150 200 225 PN 12 16 12 16 12 16 6 9 12 16 250 6 9 12 16 300 6 9 12 16 375 6 9 12 16 De Min 121.7 177.1 231.9 258.9 285.8 344.9 425.7 De Max 122.1 177.6 232.5 259.6 286.6 345.8 426.7 Angle () 5 3.5 3.43 3.5 3.5 4 3 Dso Nom 131.5 134.5 191 195.5 250 255.9 272.3 274.3 279 285.7 300.4 302.9 308.1 315.2 362.8 365.6 372 380.5 447.4 451 458.7 469.6 Dro Nom 148.9 152.4 212.1 215.9 280.4 285.4 303.9 305.7 309.9 315.5 334.6 336.8 341.4 347.4 402.8 405.4 411 418.2 488.7 491.9 498.7 507.9 Tp Min 4.1 5.4 5.9 7.8 7.7 10.2 5.6 6.5 8.6 11.4 6.1 7.2 9.5 12.5 7.4 8.7 11.5 15.1 9.1 10.7 14.2 18.7 Tp Max 5.3 6.6 7.3 9.5 9.4 12.3 7 8 10.4 13.7 7.6 8.8 11.5 14.9 9.1 10.6 13.8 17.9 11 12.9 16.9 21.1 Tr Min 4.1 5.4 5.9 7.8 7.7 10.2 5.6 6.5 8.6 11.4 6.1 7.2 9.5 12.5 7.4 8.7 11.5 15.1 9.1 10.7 14.2 18.7 L4 Nom 101 115 219 211 196 239 246 Lc Nom 12 15 19 17 21 21 21 17 23 23 23 22 28 28 28 29 36 36 36 Lw Nom 103 130 176 186 198 221 237

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

18

Product Data
Supermain AS 4441 Series 1 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions
Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits.

Supermain Series 1 International Series PVC-O 355


DN 160 225 250 280 315 PN 10 10 10 10 10 De Min 160 225 250 280 315 De Max 160.5 225.7 250.8 280.9 316 Di Nom 152.7 214.7 238.6 267.2 300.8 Dso Nom 168.7 237.4 263.9 295.5 332.2 Dro Nom 193 264.5 293.6 327.1 365.1 Tp Min 3.5 5 5.5 6.2 6.9 Tp Max 4.1 5.7 6.3 7.1 7.8 Ts Min 3.7 5.3 5.9 6.6 7.3 Tr Min 3.5 5 5.5 6.2 6.9 L1 Nom 16 23 26 29 32 L2 Nom 88.5 89 90 91 94 L3 Nom 56 65 69 77 82 L4 Nom 156 167 173 183 192 Lc Nom 8 12 13 15 17 Lw Nom 128 156 166 183 198

Supermain Series 1 International Series PVC-O 450


DN 160 225 250 280 315 PN 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 De Min 160 225 250 280 315 De Max 160.5 225.7 250.8 280.9 316 Di Nom 152.7 214.7 238.6 267.2 300.8 Dso Nom 168.7 237.4 263.9 295.5 332.2 Dro Nom 193 264.5 293.6 327.1 365.1 TpMin 3.5 5 5.5 6.2 6.9 TpMax 4.1 5.7 6.3 7.1 7.8 Ts Min 3.7 5.3 5.9 6.6 7.3 Tr Min 3.5 5 5.5 6.2 6.9 L1 Nom 16 23 26 29 32 L2 Nom 88.5 89 90 91 94 L3 Nom 56 65 69 77 82 L4 Nom 156 167 173 183 192 Lc Nom 8 12 13 15 17 Lw Nom 128 156 166 183 198

19

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Supermain AS 4441 Series 2 PVC-O Rubber Ring Joint Assembly and Control Dimensions
Not all sizes and classes are available in all states. Consult your local Vinidex office.

Note: The mean diameter is the mean of any two diameters at right angles. Pipe ovality is controlled at the time of manufacture within limits specified in AS/NZS 1477. Ovality measurements in the field may vary from those limits.

Supermain Series 2 PVC-O 400


DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 PN 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 De Min 121.7 177.1 231.9 258.9 285.8 344.9 De Max 122.1 177.6 232.5 259.6 286.6 345.8 Di Nom 115.4 167.9 220.1 245.6 271.4 327.4 Dso Nom 129 187.6 245.5 274 302.4 365.2 Dro Nom 147.6 209.1 276.2 305.5 336.4 405 Tp Min 3 4.4 5.7 6.4 7 8.5 Tp Max 3.5 5.1 6.5 7.3 7.9 9.6 Ts Min 3.2 4.7 6 6.8 7.4 9 Tr Min 3 4.1 5.7 6.4 7 8.5 L2 Nom 79.9 76.4 76.3 78.3 78.1 74.1 L3 Nom 38 47 60 63 68 80 L4 Nom 140 151 171 178 186 201 Lc Nom 9 14 15 16 17 21 Lw Nom 128 144 168 178 189 201

Supermain Series 2 PVC-O 450


DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 PN 16 16 16 16 16 16 De Min 121.7 177.1 231.9 258.9 285.8 344.9 De Max 122.1 177.6 232.5 259.6 286.6 345.8 Di Nom 114.5 166.9 218.6 244.1 269.5 325.3 Dso Nom 129.9 188.7 247 275.6 304.4 367.4 Dro Nom 148.4 210.1 277.6 306.9 338.2 407 Tp Min 3.4 4.9 6.4 7.1 7.9 11.7 Tp Max 4 5.6 7.3 8.1 8.9 13.1 Ts Min 3.6 5.2 6.8 7.6 8.4 12.5 Tr Min 3.4 4.9 7.4 7.1 7.9 11.7 L2 Nom 79.9 76.4 76.3 78.3 78.1 74.1 L3 Nom 38 47 60 63 68 80 L4 Nom 140 151 171 178 186 201 Lc Nom 9 14 15 16 17 21 Lw Nom 128 144 168 178 189 201

Supermain Series 2 PVC-O 500


DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 PN 16 16 16 16 16 16 De Min 121.7 177.1 231.9 258.9 285.8 344.9 De Max 122.1 177.6 232.5 259.6 286.6 345.8 Di Nom 122.1 177.6 232.5 259.6 286.6 345.8 Dso Nom 129 187.6 245.5 274 302.4 365.2 Dro Nom 147.6 209.1 276.2 305.5 336.4 405 Tp Min 3 4.4 5.7 6.4 7 8.5 Tp Max 3.5 5.1 6.5 7.3 7.9 9.6 Ts Min 3.2 4.7 6 6.8 7.4 9 Tr Min 3 4.1 5.7 6.4 7 8.5 L2 Nom 79.9 76.4 76.3 78.3 78.1 74.1 L3 Nom 38 47 60 63 68 80 L4 Nom 140 151 171 178 186 201 Lc Nom 9 14 15 16 17 21 Lw Nom 128 144 168 178 189 201

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

20

Product Data
JOINTING MATERIALS Priming Fluid
Vinidex Priming Fluid is specially formulated for cleaning Vinidex PVC solvent-cement spigots and sockets prior to jointing. The fluid is applied with a cloth to both the spigots and the sockets. Vinidex Priming fluid is colour coded red and is manufactured in accordance with AS/NZS 3879 Note: Other priming fluids may not be compatible with Vinidex Solvent Cements and should not be substituted.

Vinidex Priming Fluid - Red


Product Code 82341 83242 82343 82344 82345 Size 250ml 500ml 1 litre 4 litre 20 litre Carton Quantity 36 20 6 4 1

Qwik-Prime Priming Fluid and Applicator System


Product Code 82347 82346 Description Priming Fluid Applicator Size 500ml Carton Quantity 24 20

Vinidex Type P Solvent Cement - Green


Product Code 82420 82422 82424 82426 82428 Size 125ml 250ml 500ml 1 litre 4 litre Carton Quantity 36 36 20 12 4

Solvent Cement

Vinidex Solvent Cements are available in different formulations depending on the application applications. These are colour coded in accordance with AS/NZS 3879 and identified as follows: 1. Type P - for pressure pipe joints with a tapered or interference fit is colour coded green 2. Type G - gap filling for parallel or low interference pressure and non pressure joints is clear 3. Type N - for non pressure applications is colour coded blue.

Vinidex Type G Gap Filling Solvent Cement


Product Code 30432 Size 1 litre Carton Quantity 8

Jointing Lubricant
This lubricant is a specially formulated organic preparation enabling easy jointing of rubber ring joint pressure pipe and is supplied with pipes and fittings as standard procedure. The use of petroleum based greases or other substitutes may affect the ring or potability of the water supply and cannot be recommended. This lubricant dries after a short period of time and the joint cannot be easily dismantled. For situations where it may be necessary to dismantle the rubber ring joint after assembly, the use of silicone-based jointing lubricant is recommended. Where it is necessary to joint in wet conditions, it may also be advantageous to use silicone lubricant. If dismantled, joints should be fitted with new rings.

Vinidex Standard Lubricant


Product Code 82350 82360 82370 Size 500ml 1 litre 2 litres Carton Quantity 24 12 6

Vinidex Antibacterial Lubricant


Product Code 82393 82395 Size 500ml 1 litre Carton Quantity 36 24

21

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Priming Fluid Solvent Cement and Jointing Lubricant Coverage
The approximate number of joints that may be primed or jointed with one litre is as follows:
Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 155 195 200 225 250 300 375 Priming Fluid 2100 1250 900 650 500 300 250 200 140 120 90 85 60 50 30 25 25 17 Solvent Cement 600 350 260 190 140 85 70 60 50 40 30 25 17 25 15 13 10 10 170 150 120 100 75 60 60 50 50 45 40 30 25 Jointing Lubricant

Rubber Rings
Rings marked with two coloured dots are sewer rings containing a chemical root inhibitor. They may also vary dimensionally from pressure rings and should not be interchanged. Each ring has a painted mark on its front edge. This mark must face out of the socket when the ring is inserted. Two general types of sealing ring are employed for Vinidex rubber ring jointed pressure pipe, the Modified Anger/ Polydex ring and the deflection ring for later design joints incorporating deflection capability. These have the shapes shown to the right. Rubber rings are manufactured and tested in accordance with AS 1646 Elastomeric Seals for Waterworks Purposes. Depending on the particular specification, the rubber used is either natural rubber (white dot), Styrene Butadiene rubber (SBR) (blue dot) or Polychloroprene (Neoprene) (red dot). Unless otherwise specified, natural rubber will be supplied for pressure pipe.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

22

Product Data
PRODUCT DATA - FITTINGS Solvent Cement Fittings
Fittings in the Vinidex Solvent Cement Pressure range are manufactured in compliance with Australian Standard AS/NZS 1477, to pressure class PN 18 rating. Certain exceptions apply, as noted for individual fittings. In particular, some fittings are sourced internationally; in general the following specifications apply:
Size DN 15 to 150 200 155 (6) Manufacturing Standard AS/NZS 1477 ISO draft & DIN 8063 BS 4346 PN 18 9 9

All dimensions in the following tables are in millimeters.

Standard Spigot and Socket Dimensions


*Spigot Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 80 100 125 150 200 155 (6) 195 (8) Minimum Wall Thickness tp 1.6 2 2.5 3.2 3.6 4.5 6.7 8.6 10.6 12.1 12.5 12.7 10.3 Nom Outside Diameter De 21.4 26.8 33.6 42.3 48.3 60.4 88.9 114.3 140.2 160.3 225 168.3 219.1 Spigot Length Lsp 25.4 25.4 26.6 31.8 34.9 38.1 51.5 63.5 90 119 91.5 Nom Mouth Diameter Di 21.7 27.1 34 42.6 48.7 60.8 89.6 115 141 161 226 169.1 219.6 Socket Nom Root Diameter Dr 21 26.3 33.1 41.7 47.7 59.7 88.1 113.3 139.1 159 225 167 218.9 Min Socket Length Lso 17 19.3 22 27 30 36 50 60 83 87 118.5 89 115.5

*Note: Spigoted fittings are designed for use only with other moulded sockets and NOT with pipe sockets. Moulded fitting sockets are shorter than pipe sockets. Although their ODs are stated here, spigots have a marginal outside taper to facilitate manufacture. Note, spigot length may vary.

23

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 2 Valve Take Off Adaptors
The spigot end of this fitting is solvent cement jointed to the socket of another fitting. The tapered male threaded end provides a connection for PVC, brass or galvanised wrought iron threaded valve-type fittings. Note: These fittings should not be jointed to solvent cement pipe sockets. Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.
Product Code 33890 33900 33910 33920 33930 33940 33950 33960 33970 33980 34000 34010 34020 34030 34050 34060 34070 34080 34090 34100* 34110* 34130* 34140* Size DN SP x TH 15x15 20x15 20x20 25x15 25x20 25x25 32x15 32x20 32x25 32x32 40x20 40x25 40x32 40x40 50x20 50x25 50x32 50x40 50x50 80x50 80x80 100x80 100x100 C 15.4 15.4 20.1 15.4 20.1 25.2 15.4 20.1 25.2 32.5 20.1 25.2 32.5 41 20.1 25.2 32.5 37.6 51.1 50 69.7 69.7 90 S 18 18 19.5 16.9 19.5 39.2 16.9 19.5 22.1 25.5 19.5 22.1 25.5 24.4 19.5 22.1 24.4 24.6 29 29 34 34 40.5 H 7 7 7 6.7 6.8 7.8 6.7 6.8 7 8 6.8 7.8 8 9 6.8 7.8 7.8 8.8 8.6 8.6 19.5 19.5 20 L 51.4 51.4 52.9 51.2 53.9 57.5 56.4 59.1 61.9 66.3 62.2 65.8 69.4 69.3 65.4 69 71.3 72.5 76.7 88 158.5 158.5 184.5

*These fittings are fabricated from other moulded fittings.

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

24

Product Data
CAT 3 Faucet Take Off Adaptor
The spigot end of this fitting is solvent cement jointed to the socket of another fitting. The female threaded end provides a connection for male BSP threads such as spray nozzles. Note: These fittings should not be jointed to solvent cement pipe sockets. See Note Page 23. Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.

Product Code 34150 34160 34170 34190 34200 34220 34230 34240 34260 34270 34280 34290 34320 34330 34340 34350 34360* 34370* 34380* 34390* 34400*

Size DN SP x TH 15x15 20x15 20x20 25x20 25x25 32x20 32x25 32x32 40x20 40x25 40x32 40x40 50x25 50x32 50x40 50x50 80x50 80x80 100x50 100x80 100x100

C 17.1 17.1 22.4 22.4 27.8 22.4 27.8 34.3 22.4 27.8 34.3 39.4 27.8 34.3 39.4 49.5 49.5 83 50 83 117

S 18 18 19.5 19.5 22.1 19.5 22.1 25.5 19.5 22.1 25.5 24.4 22.1 25.5 24.4 29 29.4 35 29.4 35 41.5

L 41.7 42.1 45.2 46.4 49.6 57.8 54.8 57.8 54.7 57.9 60.9 64.2 61.1 70 67.4 67.4 82.4 160 92 178 189

*These fittings are fabricated from other moulded fittings.

25

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 5 Reducing Bushes
This fitting is used for solvent cement jointing into the socket of a fitting such as a CAT 7 coupling or a CAT 19 tee to give a reduction in bore. It is most often used as an alternative to a reducing coupling (CAT 8) in situations where space is a problem. Note: These fittings should not be jointed to pipe sockets.

Product Code 34420 34430 34440 34450 34460 34470 34480 34490 34500 34510 34520 34530 34580* *PN 9 fitting

Size DN 20x15 25x15 25x20 32x25 40x25 40x32 50x25 50x40 80x50 100x50 100x80 150x100 200x150

C 16.8 16.1 21.9 26.8 31 34.7 27 41.3 56.2 57.4 85 107 132.2

L 21 24.7 24.5 33 31 31.6 36.9 36.8 51.5 61.5 61.5 89 121.5

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

26

Product Data
CAT 6 Caps
Caps are solvent cemented to the end of a pipe or fitting spigot to provide line termination. They can also be used to temporarily prevent the entry of dirt and foreign matter into a pipeline.
Product Code 34590 34600 34610 34620 34630 34640 34650 34660 34670 34680 34690 34705* Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 L 25.8 29.7 34.3 50 46.6 58.4 72 78 92 133 135 160

*PN 9 fitting PN 12 fitting

CAT 7 Couplings
Couplings are used for the solvent cement jointing of two lengths of PVC pipe.
Product Code 34730 34740 34750 34760 34770 34780 34790* 34800 34810 34820 34830 30404* *PN 12 fitting Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 C 18.4 24.1 30.2 36.6 45.4 56.6 66 85.5 110 131.5 149.5 215 L 39 43.5 49 0 69.5 65.5 77 110.5 104.5 124.5 185 190 238

27

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 8 Reducing Couplings
Reducing couplings are used for the solvent cement jointing of two different sizes of PVC pipe.
Size DN socket x socket 20x15 25x15 25x20 32x20 32x25 40x15 40x20 40x25 40x32 50x20 50x25 50x32 50x40 65x50 80x40 80x50 80x65 100x50 100x80 125x80 125x100 150x100

Product Code 34880 34890 34900 34920 34930 34940 34950 34960 34970 34990 35000 35010 35020 35030 35035* 35040 35050 35060 35070 35080 35090 35100

C 16.5 17.4 21.1 23 25.3 15.8 23.5 26.9 38.4 25 29.3 37 42 51 41.2 57.6 66.5 57.5 86.6 81.5 106 107.5

L 45.5 51 51.5 62.5 67 58 64 60 71.5 71 78.5 82 74.3 104 99 99 120 104 123 167.5 172 183

*Fabricated from other moulded fittings. PN 12 fitting

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

28

Product Data
CAT 10 45Elbows
Elbows are used to provide 45 changes in direction in pipelines. They are often employed in confined space situations in place of CAT 12, 45 bends.
Product Code 35180 35190 35200 35210 35220 35230 35240 35250 35260 35280 35290* 30388* Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 150 155 200 C 17.5 23.7 30 38.8 47.9 60 68.5 78.7 102.2 155 163 218 L 33 34.5 39.5 44.5 40 46 64 81.5 95 125 129 181

*PN 9 fitting; PN 12 fitting

29

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 12 Bends (Fabricated)
CAT 12 bends are manufactured to AS/NZS 1477 Bends are used in pipelines to allow changes in direction. They are most often used in situations where space is not a problem, e.g. when laid in a large trench. They have significantly better flow characteristics compared to moulded elbows. Note: These fittings have pipe sockets and should not be jointed to spigoted moulded fittings.

Product Code 38850 38860 38870 38880 38890 38900 38920 38950 38970 38990 39000 39047 38670 38680 38690 38700 38710 38740 38750 38760 38770 38480 38490 38500 38510 38520 38540 38550

Size DN 15x90 20x90 25x90 32x90 40x90 50x90 65x90 80x90 100x90 125x90 150x90 200x90 20x60 25x60 32x60 40x60 50x60 80x60 100x60 125x60 150x60 20x45 25x45 32x45 40x45 50x45 65x45 80x45

Class 18 18 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 18 12 12 12

A 352 352 352 371 371 383 479 477 628 1085 1085 1730 220 220 220 232 218 400 502 796 885 172 172 172 185 210 243 343

Bore(Nom) 18.3 22.4 28.1 35.4 40.5 53.7 67.5 79 101.7 124.9 142.7 206.6 22.4 28.1 35.4 40.5 54.3 79 101.7 124.9 142.7 22.4 28.1 35.4 40.5 53.7 67.5 79

L(min) 38 38 38 38 51 64 64 76 102 127 127 152 38 38 38 51 64 76 102 127 127 38 38 38 51 64 64 76

Radius(Nom) 305 305 305 305 305 305 365 356 457 635 635 1200 305 305 305 305 305 356 584 635 635 305 305 305 305 305 365 584

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

30

Product Data
CAT 12 Bends (Continued)
Product Code 38560 38570 38580 38620 38290 38300 38310 38320 38330 38340 38350 38360 38370 38380 38100 38110 38120 38130 38140 38150 38160 38170 38180 38190 38215 37910 37920 37930 37940 37950 37970 37980 37990 38000 38010 38025 Size DN 100x45 125x45 150x45 200x45 20x30 25x30 32x30 40x30 50x30 65x30 80x30 100x30 125x30 150x30 20x22 25x22 32x22 40x22 50x22 65x22 80x22 100x22 125x22 150x22 200x22o 20x11 25x11 32x11 40x11 50x11 65x11 80x11 100x11 125x11 150x11 200x11 Class 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 18 18 18 18 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 A 358 776 776 1000 129 129 129 142 154 190 239 279 588 652 103 103 103 115 128 185 199 247 548 599 76 76 76 76 83 102 108 140 170 508 572 730 Bore(Nom) 101.7 124.9 142.7 204.6 22.4 28.1 35.4 40.5 53.7 67.5 79 101.7 124.9 142.7 22.4 28.1 35.4 40.5 53.7 67.5 79 101.7 124.9 142.7 22.4 22.4 28.1 35.4 40.5 53.7 67.5 79 101.7 124.9 142.7 206.6 L(min) 102 127 127 254 38 38 38 51 64 64 76 102 127 127 38 38 38 51 64 64 76 102 127 127 38 38 38 38 51 64 64 76 102 127 127 178 Radius(Nom) 584 635 635 1200 305 305 305 305 305 365 584 584 635 635 305 305 305 305 305 365 584 584 635 635 305 305 305 305 305 305 365 584 584 635 635 1800

31

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 13 90 Elbows
These are moulded fittings, which are used to provide 90 bends in pipelines. They are most often employed in confined space situations in preference to CAT 12 90 bends.
Product Code 35330 35340 35350 35360 35370 35380 35390 35400 35410 35420 35430 35440 354601 354702 30381
4

Size DN 15 20 20x15 25 25x15 25x20 32 40 50 65 80 100 150 155 200

C 15.5 20.6 15.4 26.8 15.2 20.5 39.7 45.7 57.7 74.8 78.4 101.5 143 163 217

L 43.3 43 42.8 46.3 46.3 46.3 52 57.7 69.9 87.4 98.6 137.3 182.9 178 241

(1) PN 12; (2) BS4346 Class D; (3) BS4346 Class C; (4) PN 9

CAT 15 90 Faucet Elbows


The faucet elbow is used to provide a female BSP connection. In irrigation it is used as a means of connecting a threaded riser pipe to an underground pipeline. Note: PVC threads should never be overtightened. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.
Product Code 35510 35520 35530 35540 35550 35560 35570 35580 *Smaller Bore Size DN 15x15 20x15 20x20 25x15 25x20 25x25 32x32 40x40 *C 15.5 20.9 20.7 26.9 26.9 26.8 39.1 44 L 43.1 43 43 46.4 46.4 46 49.7 59 S 25.1 24.9 23.4 24.7 22.9 24.7 22.1 30

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

32

Product Data
CAT 16 Flanges
Flanges are used to bolt PVC pipes to pumps and valves etc. Flanged disconnectable fittings provide capability for maintenance and future changes to the pipeline. The 50, 80, 100, 150, 195, 200 and 300 sizes are stub or short face flanges as opposed to the large full face flanges of other pipe sizes. Refer to Cast Iron Fittings for further details on flanges. Vinidex recommends the use of a metal backing ring with all flanges of 50 mm nominal size and over. (See Cat 16A.) Large washers should be used with bolts and nuts on smaller flanges. Do not overtighten.
Product Code 35620 35630 35640 35651 35660 35671 35681 35690 35701 35730* 35735* 35738* 35740* Size DN 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 225 250 300 297 180.5 380 40 C 29 36.8 41.2 54.5 66.3 81.5 103.8 128 146 209 125 272 31.5 100 253 19.4 67.1 169.1 14 L 33.5 34.1 40.1 N 114.5 121.4 133.6 T 13.5 13.5 13.5

PN 12 fitting *This product is an imported stub flange, not to AS1477 so dimensions may vary at times. Designated PN 9.

33

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 16A Metal Backing Ring for Flanges
This galvanised mild steel backing ring has the effect of transferring the load from the flange attachment bolts to the total face of the flange. Flange backing rings conform to the drilling pattern of AS 2129 - Table E (Flanges for Pipes, Valves and Fittings) unless otherwise specified.
Product Code 83500 83510 83520 83530 83540 83550 83560 83590 Size DN 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 300 ID 80 100 109 140 170 203 252 360 OD 150 166 185 215 255 280 335 455 T 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 PCD 114 126 146 178 210 235 292 406 Hole Dia 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 26 No of Holes 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 12

CAT 16B Flange Gasket


A flange gasket is a sealing gasket located between the PVC flange and its mount. It is manufactured in elastomeric and is 3.2 mm thick. Any specific requirement should be stated when ordering.
Product Code 83620 83640 83650 83780 83670 83680 83830 Size DN 50 80 100 125 150 200 300 ID 60.3 88.9 114.3 139.7 168.3 215 302 OD 150 185 215 255 280 335 455 Hole Size 18 18 18 18 22 22 26 No of Holes 4 4 4 8 8 8 12

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

34

Product Data
CAT 17 Valve Sockets
The valve socket is solvent cement jointed to a pipe spigot. The male-threaded end of the valve socket provides a connection for a PVC, brass or galvanised wrought iron threaded valve-type fitting. Note: Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.

Product Code 35760 35770 35790 35800 35810 35820 35830 35840 35850

Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100

C 14.5 19 24.2 31.5 36.5 46.3 62.5 69.5 90

H 6.6 6.8 8 8 8.9 8.6 10 19.7 20

L 48 46.7 58.5 60.5 56 74.5 92.5 94.5 112.5

S 16 19.6 22.1 24.7 24.5 29 28.5 34.5 41

CAT 18 Faucet Sockets


The faucet socket is solvent cement jointed to a pipe spigot. The female-threaded end of the faucet socket provides a connection for a faucet tap fitting or a spray nozzle. Note: Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.
Product Code 35870 35880 35890 35900 35910 35920 35930 35950 35960 Size DN 15 20 25 25x15 32 40 50 80 100 C 17 22 28.2 17 34.3 39.2 49.3 82.8 107.5 L 47 50.2 56.2 50 62.6 69 72.3 95 112.5 S 15.7 18.5 21.5 15.7 26.3 29.2 29.2 35 41.5

35

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 19 Tees
Tees provide a branch at 90 from a main line. Available in equal or reducing branches. See also tapping saddles.
Product Code 35980 35990 36000 36010 36020 36030 36040 36050 36060 36070 36080 36090 36100 36110 36120 36130 36140 36150 36160 36170 36180 36200 36210 36220 36230 36240 36250 36260 36270 36280 36290 36330 36340 36350* 30393* Size DN 15x15 20x15 20x20 25x15 25x20 25x25 32x15 32x20 32x25 32x32 40x15 40x20 40x25 40x32 40x40 50x15 50x20 50x25 50x32 50x40 50x50 65x65 80x25 80x32 80x40 80x50 80x80 100x25 100x50 100x80 100x100 150x100 150x150 155x155 200x200 C 15.5 20.4 20.4 26.7 26.7 26.7 33.4 41.5 41.5 41.5 38.6 47.5 47.5 38.6 47.5 48.3 59.5 59.5 48.3 48.3 59.5 67.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 78.5 106 106 106 107.3 143 143 167.8 220 C1 15.5 15.5 20.4 15.6 20.7 26.7 17 20 25 41.5 16.8 20 25 33.5 47.5 16.8 20 25 33.7 39.3 59.5 67.5 29.8 38.7 38.8 54 78.5 27 55 87 107.3 101.5 143 167.8 220 L 43.2 42.9 42.9 46.2 46.2 46.2 52.9 48 48 52 58.9 50.9 50.9 58.9 58 74.2 57 57 74.2 74.2 70 92.25 98.2 98.2 98.2 98.2 98.2 95 95 111 131 158 172 175.5 233 L1 43 42.7 42.7 46 45.8 46.1 44.7 45.8 45.8 52 49.5 49 49 59 58 54.4 55.1 55.1 69.4 72.5 70 92 79.6 83 86.6 89.5 98.6 100.5 100.5 127 129 153 172 175.5 233

PN 12 fitting (o) Fabricated from other moulded fittings; *Not to AS 1477 PN 18

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

36

Product Data
CAT 21 Faucet Tees
Faucet tees are used mainly in irrigation pipelines. The female thread in the tee branch provides a connection for a threaded riser pipe. Note: Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.
Product Code 36390 36400 36410 36420 36430 36440 36450 36460 36470 36480 36490 36500 36510 36520 36530 Size DN 15x15 20x15 20x20 25x15 25x20 25x25 32x15 32x20 32x25 40x15 40x20 40x25 50x15 50x20 50x25 C 15.5 20.5 20.5 26.8 26.8 26.8 33 41.7 41.7 38 47.7 47.7 48 59.7 59.7 C1 15.5 15.5 20.5 15.5 20.5 26.7 15.5 20 26 15.5 20 26 15.5 20 26 L 43.2 43 43 46.2 46.2 46.2 52.5 48 48 58.5 50.9 50.9 74 57 57 L1 43 42.4 42.4 46.2 46.2 46.2 35 45.8 45.8 37.5 49 49 47 55.1 55.1 S 17.1 17.1 20 17.3 19.7 23.6 16 19.7 22.8 16 19.7 22.8 16 19.7 22.8

CAT 22 Unions
Unions are used to join together two sections of PVC pipe. In industrial applications they are used as an alternative to a flange in situations where future inspection of lines is anticipated. Easily assembled and disassembled, they can be used in pipeline repair situations. Note: This fitting is not intended to provide for angular misalignment. Do not overtighten.
Product Code 36550 36560 36570 36580 36590 36600 Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 C 17.3 21.6 27 33.8 40 48.8 T 55.9 63 70.2 82.6 96.5 111.1 (Assembled) H 25.8 18.2 18.1 18.5 22 22.2 L 68 68 75 81.5 91.5 97.5

37

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT 23 Threaded Plugs
Threaded plugs are used as blank-offs for female threaded fittings. Note: Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.
Product Code 36620 36630 36640 36650 36660 36670 36680 36690 Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 80 100 C 14.6 17.8 24.1 31.8 35.5 45.5 70 Solid F 27 32 39.6 50 55.5 70 105 134 L 25 26 30 32.4 37.2 37.7 53.5 68.5 S 18 19.1 22.2 24.4 28.5 28.5 33.5 43

CAT 24 Threaded Bush


Threaded reducing bushes are used mostly in irrigation applications to reduce the size of faucet elbows, faucet tees and faucet sockets so that they can receive smaller sized faucet fittings. Note: Care should be taken not to overtighten. Refer to our Installation Guidelines for procedures.

Product Code 36720

Size DN 25x20

C 20.2

F 39.2

L 30.1

S 20

S1 22.2

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

38

Product Data
CAT 28 Asbestos Cement and Cast Iron Adaptors*
These fittings are used to adapt PVC pipe spigots to asbestos cement, cast iron or ductile iron pipe sockets. The socket end is solvent cement jointed to the pipe spigots.
Product Code 36790 36800 36810 Size DN 100 150 155 C 105.4 151 151 G 101.6 87 85 L 181 97 97 F 121 176.7 176.7 Type 2 1 1

CAT 29 Reducing Sleeve


A reducing sleeve is used to adapt 155 fittings to a 150 line. This should be done by solvent cement jointing the sleeve to the 150 pipe spigot first.
Product Code 36830 Size DN 155x150 C 145.7 L 90

39

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Quick Repair PVC Compression Coupling
This fitting is a wet or quick repair joint for small bore pressure lines. It is also used in demountable installations in laboratories, workshops and chemical processing plants. The advantage of this fitting is that pressure can be restored to the system immediately after installation. The compression coupling is slipped along the pipe to the desired position and the nuts are then tightened. Lubricant should be used on the pipe. Note: Care must be taken not to overtighten. This fitting is rated Class 12.
Product Code 36850 36860 36870 36880 36890 36900 36910 36920 Size DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 80 100 Dimension L (sealed) 85 92 108 117 122 135 215 240

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

40

Product Data
Polydex Fittings
Polydex rubber ring jointed fittings are fabricated from extruded pipe and/or moulded fittings, with factory assembled soIvent cement bonded joints where required. They are supplied complete with rubber rings. Rubber ring joints are dimensionally identical to pipes. Polydex fittings are manufactured to Class 12 rating unless noted otherwise.

CAT P4 Polydex Socket - Socket x Solvent Cement Spigot


Product Code 41000 41010 41020 41040 41060 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 200 L 170 200 240 300 370

CAT P4S Polydex Spigot - Spigot x Solvent Cement Spigot


Product Code 41110 41130 41150 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 100 150 L 170 240 300

CAT P6 End Cap - Socketed


Product Code 41210 41220 41230 41240 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 L- Max 182.4 258 283.5 351

41

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT P6S End Cap - Spigoted

Product Code 41320

Size DN 100

L- Max 283.5

Dimensions (mm)

CAT P7 Coupling - Socket x Socket


Produce Code 41380 41390 41400 41410 41427 41432 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 200 250 L-Max 345 405 485 600 850 850

CAT P8 Reducing Coupling Socket x Socket


Produce Code 41470 41480 41490 41495 41500 Size DN 80 x 50 100 x 50 100 x 80 150 x 80 150 x 100 L-Max 385 430 455 550 580

Dimensions (mm)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

42

Product Data
CAT P8S Reducing Coupling Socket x Spigot
Product Code 41590 41600 41610 41620 Size DN 80x50 100x50 100x80 150 x 100 L-Max 385 450 475 600

Dimensions (mm)

CAT P10 45 Elbow Coupling Socket x Socket


Product Code 41820 41830 41840 41850 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 A 180 230 273 339

CAT P10S 45 Elbow Coupling Socket x Spigot


Product Code 41900 41910 41920 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 A 180 230 273

43

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT P12 Long Radius Bend Socket x Socket
Product Code 41980 41990 42000 42010 42030 42052 42070 42075 42080 42090 42100 42120 42135 42160 42170 42180 42190 42210 42225 42230 42250 42255 42260 42270 42280 42300 42310 42320 42330 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 200 300 50 65 80 100 150 200 300 50 80 100 150 200 225 300 50 65 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 A - 11 229 305 355 482 648 900 A - 22 254 368 330 406 533 635 900 A - 30 280 355 432 585 853 1035 1178 A - 45 305 420 406 508 660 1026 1200 1229 1280 305 305 356 457 635 1200 1800 1800 1800 43450 43455 43460 43470 43490 43520 43535 43540 50 65 80 100 150 200 225 300 305 356 457 635 1200 1800 1800 Product Code 43350 43360 43370 43390 43410 43418 Size DN 50 80 100 150 200 300 A - 60 330 457 560 787 1240 1750 A - 90 430 560 610 762 1040 1730 2351 2386 305 356 356 457 635 1200 1800 1800 Radius R 305 356 457 635 1200 1800 305 356 356 457 635 1200 1800 Radius R 305 356 457 635 1200 1800

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

44

Product Data
CAT P12S Long Radius Bend Socket x Spigot
Product Code 43560 43570 43580 43590 43605 43640 43650 43660 43670 43680 43700 43710 43740 43750 43760 43770 43810 43830 43840 43850 43855 43860 43880 43890 43920 43930 43940 43950 43995 Size DN 50 80 100 150 200 50 80 100 125 150 200 250 50 80 100 150 200 50 80 100 125 150 200 225 50 80 100 150 200 A - 11 229 305 355 482 648 A - 22 254 330 406 500 533 585 853 A - 30 280 355 432 585 853 A - 45 305 406 508 546 660 1026 1229 A - 60 330 457 560 787 1256 305 356 457 635 1800 305 356 457 635 635 1200 1800 Product Code 44010 44020 44030 44040 44050 44070 44085 44090 Size DN 50 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 A - 90 430 610 762 978 1040 1730 2386 2386 Radius R 305 356 457 635 635 1200 1800 1800 305 356 457 635 1200 305 356 457 635 635 1200 1800 Radius R 305 356 457 635 1200

Dimension A for Varying Bend Angles (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 125 150 *195 *200 Bend Angle 11 229 305 355 482 482 610 610 22 254 330 406 533 533 737 737 30 280 355 432 585 585 812 812 45 305 406 508 635 660 965 965 60 330 457 560 787 787 1143 1143 90 430 610 762 1040 1040 1625 1625

For bend radius R, refer to CAT 12 *Note: These sizes are rated Class 9.

45

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT P13 90 Elbow Socket x Socket
Product Code 44110 44120 44130 44150 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 A 200 247 312 385

CAT P13S 90 Elbow Socket x Spigot


Product Code 44210 44220 44230 44240 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 A 200 247 312 385

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

46

Product Data
CAT P16 Flanged Socket
Product Code 44290 44295 44330 44310 44320 44340 44360 44367 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 65 80 100 150 200 225 250 L 175 214 205 246 311 300 350 400

CAT P16S Flanged Spigot


Product Code 44380 44390 44400 44410 44440 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 150 200 L 175 205 246 311 370

CAT P17 Valve Socket


Product Code 44480 44490 44500 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 L 207 237 292

47

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT P17S Valve Spigot
Product Code 44510 44520 44530 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 L 207 237 312

CAT P18 Faucet Socket


Product Code 44540 44550 44560 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 L 204 238 292

CAT P18S Faucet Spigot


Product Code 44570 44580 44590 Dimensions (mm) Size DN 50 80 100 L 204 238 312

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

48

Product Data
CAT P19 Tees Socket x Socket
Product Code 44600 44610 44620 44630 44640 44660 44670 44680 44690 44700 44710 Size DN 50 x 25 50 x 50 80 x 32 80 x 50 80 x 80 100 x 50 100 x 80 100 x 100 150 x 50 150 x 80 150 x 100 A 187 208 246 246 246 275 292 298 360 360 360 B 55 208 83 221 246 233 264 298 281 297 326

Dimensions (mm)

CAT 19S Tees Socket x Spigot


Size DN 50x50 80x50 80x80 100x50 100x80 100x100 150x50 150x80 150x100 150x150 *195x50 *195x80 *195x100 *195x150 *195x195 *200x50 *200x80 *200x100 *200x150 *200x200 A 198 278 278 321 321 321 380 380 380 380 529 529 529 529 529 529 529 529 529 529 B 198 213 278 258 258 319 298 349 359 380 387 438 447 463 529 387 438 447 563 529

Dimensions (mm) *Note: These sizes are rated Class 9 195 spigoted version not available

49

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT P19F Flanged Branch Tee Socket x Socket
Product Code 45010 45030 45040 Size DN 100 x 100 150 x 100 150 x 150 A 298 360 385 B 203 221 297

Dimensions (mm)

CAT 19FS Flanged Branch Tee Socket x Spigot


Product Code 45090 45100 Size DN 100 x 80 100 x 100 A 291 298 B 189 203

Dimensions (mm)

CAT P21 Faucet Tees Socket x Socket


Product Code 45170 45180 45230 45245 45250 45265 45270 45290 45300 Size DN x Thread 50 x 20 50 x 25 80 x 25 80 x 40 80 x 50 100 x 20 100 x 25 100 x 50 100 x 100 A 187 187 246 246 246 275 275 275 298 B 75 84 104 117 120 122 125 131 250

Dimensions (mm)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

50

Product Data
CAT P21S Faucet Tees Socket x Spigot
Product Code 45340 45360 45380 45450 45460 Size DN x Thread 50 x 20 50 x 32 50 x 50 100 x 50 100 x 80 A 187 208 208 275 298 B 75 100 107 131 218

Dimensions (mm)

CAT P26 Tapped End Socketed


Product Code 45510 45520 Size DN x Thread 100 x 50 100 x 80 L 327 407

Dimensions (mm)

CAT P26S Tapped End Spigoted


Product Code 45600 45640 45660 45700 Size DN x Thread 50 x 20 80 x 25 80 x 80 100 x 50 L 221 276 238 347

Dimensions (mm)

51

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
CAT P28 Cast Iron Adaptor Socketed
Product Code 45800 45810 Dimensions (mm) Size DN x Thread 100 150 L 354 309

CAT P28S Cast Iron Adaptor Spigoted


Size DN 100 150 L 371 210

Dimensions (mm)

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

52

Product Data
Ductile Iron Fittings
A large range of ductile iron fittings is available to suit PVC pipes, and those most commonly used for construction and maintenance of PVC pipelines are detailed in this section. Vinidex SUPERLINK I and SUPERLINK II fittings have deep sockets with push-fit rubber ring seals. Different rings are used to ensure the fittings are compatible with both AS/NZS 1477 Series 1 (Polydex) and AS/NZS 1477 Series 2 pipe sizes. Series 1 pipe uses a lip seal ring and Series 2 pipe The T type ring as illustrated below. Care should be taken to ensure the correct ring is used with each fitting and pipe series. Fittings from other suppliers employ different rubber rings. These rings are not interchageable.

Standards
Fittings are manufactured and tested in accordance with AS/NZS 2280 for Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings. Socketed SUPERLINK I fittings are rated PN 35 and SUPERLINK II fittings are rated PN 16. All fittings are cement lined in accordance with the requirements of the above Standards. Fittings are also available with FBE coating for superior corrosive resistance. Where mentioned throughout this section, size 155 and 195 can be supplied compatible with imperial sized PVC pipes, 6 and 8 respectively, now obsolete

53

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Flanges
Unless otherwise stated, flanges of all cast iron fittings supplied in sizes 80 to 375 inclusive comply with Australian Standard 2129 Table C.

Pressure Ratings
The following table shows working and maximum hydrostatic test pressures for cast iron flanges. Note that when the pipe class required is PN 12 or less there is generally no need to specify a flange heavier than Table C.
Flange Type AS 2129 Table D AS 2129 Table C* AS 2129 Table E AS 2129 Table F Working Pressure (MPa) 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.1 Maximum Hydrostatic Test Pressure (MPa) 1.4 2.4 2.8 4.2

* Flanges are normally manufactured to this table unless otherwise stated.

Flange Dimensions Table C - AS 2129 (1.2 MPa Working Pressure)


Size DN Flange Outside Diameter (D) Flange Thickness (t) Pitch Circle Diameter (P) Number of Bolts Bolt Size And Thread Bolt Length Blank Flange Mass (kg) 80 185 19 146 4 M16 64 5 100 215 22 178 4 M16 64 7 150 280 22 235 8 M16 64 11 200 335 25 292 8 M16 76 18 225 370 25 324 8 M16 76 21 250 405 25 356 8 M20 76 300 455 29 406 12 M20 76 39 375 550 32 495 12 M24 89 -

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

54

Product Data
Dimensions (Cont...) Table E - AS 2129 (1.4 MPa Working Pressure)
Size DN Flange Outside Diameter (D) Flange Thickness (t) Pitch Circle Diameter (P) Number of Bolts Bolt Size & Thread Bolt Lengths 80 185 19 146 4 M16 64 100 215 22 178 8 M16 64 150 280 22 235 8 M20 76 200 335 25 292 8 M20 76 225 370 25 324 12 M20 76 250 405 25 356 12 M20 76 300 455 29 406 12 M24 89 375 550 32 495 12 M24 89

Table F - AS 2129 (2.1 MPa Working Pressure)


Size DN Flange Outside Diameter (D) Flange Thickness (t) Pitch Circle Diameter (P) Number of Bolts Bolt Size & Thread Bolt Lengths 80 205 19 165 8 M16 64 100 230 22 191 8 M16 64 150 305 25 260 12 M20 76 200 370 29 324 12 M20 76 225 405 29 356 12 M24 89 250 430 29 381 12 M24 89 300 490 32 438 16 M24 89 375 580 35 521 16 M27 102

Table D - AS 2129 (0.7 MPa Working Pressure) - Normally Used for Gas Pipe
Size DN Flange Outside Diameter (D) Flange Thickness (t) Pitch Circle Diameter (P) Number of Bolts Bolt Size & Thread Bolt Lengths 80 185 19 146 4 M16 64 100 215 19 178 4 M16 64 150 280 21 235 8 M16 64 200 335 22 292 8 M16 76 225 370 25 324 8 M16 76 250 405 25 356 8 M20 76 300 455 25 406 12 M20 76 375 553 29 495 12 M24 89

N.B. Tables C and D Flanges and Flanges to Table 5 of AS 1488 (Cast Grey Iron Fittings for Pressure Pipes) all have identical face dimensions.

Equivalent Metric to Imperial Bolts for Flanges


Metric Size Imperial (inch) Size M12 1/2 M16 5/8 M20 3/4 M24 7/8 M27 1

55

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Bends Socketed Bends 11 socket-socket bends
Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 77617 77676 77796 77851 77916 77976 78035 Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II 77584 77588 77618 77855 DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 100 150 200 225 b (mm) 30 35 35 45 45 50 65 30 35 35 45 r (mm) 152 190 203 229 254 305 381 152 190 203 229 a (mm) 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 8 9 10 10 f - socket (mm) 120 128 150 160 160 170 190 120 128 150 160 L (mm) 150 163 185 205 205 220 255 150 163 185 205 W (kg) 11 15 24 35 38 50 78.6 6.6 15 24 35
a L
b f

r
DN

11.25

22 socket-socket bends
Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 77626 77686 77806 77861 77926 77986 78606 81596 Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II 77585 77589 77621 77865 DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 450 100 150 200 225 b (mm) 45 55 55 65 70 80 100 115 45 55 55 65 r (mm) 152 190 203 229 254 305 381 457 152 190 203 229 a (mm) 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 8 9 10 10 f - socket (mm) 120 128 150 160 160 170 190 120 128 150 160 L (mm) 165 183 205 225 230 250 290 115 165 183 205 225 W (kg) 12 17 30 38 50 53.4 87.8 140 7 11.2 30 45.2
a L
b
f
DN

r 22.5

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

56

Product Data
45 socket-socket bends
DN

r 45
f

a L

Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 77646 77706 77826 77881 77946 78006 78070 81598 -

Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II 77586 77590 77623 77885 77945

DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 450 100 150 200 225 250

b (mm) 80 95 100 115 125 145 185 215 80 95 100 115 125

r (mm) 152 190 203 229 254 305 381 457 152 190 203 229 254

a (mm) 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 8 9 10 10 10

f - socket (mm) 120 128 150 160 160 170 190 120 128 150 160 160

L (mm) 200 223 250 275 285 315 375 215 200 223 250 275 285

W (kg) 13 21 38 44 64 62.4 102 176 8 12.5 38 44 64

90 socket-socket bends
DN r 90 a L b f

Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 77667 77726 77846 77901 77966 78026 78607 81602 -

Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II 77587 77591 77631 77905

DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 450 100 150 200 225

b (mm) 165 205 220 250 275 325 405 480 165 205 220 250

r (mm) 152 190 203 229 254 305 381 457 152 190 203 229

a (mm) 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 8 9 10 10

f - socket (mm) 120 128 150 160 160 170 190 120 128 150 160

L (mm) 173 214 230 260 285 336 417 493 173 214 230 260

W (kg) 17 27 46 60 85 81.2 131.1 30 9.2 14.4 46 60

57

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Flanged Bends 11 flange-flange bends
Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 77609 77672 77797 81657 77917 78617 Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 b (mm) 152 190 203 229 254 305 r (mm) 152 190 203 229 254 305 a (mm) 8 9 10 10 10 11 No of Holes 4 4 8 8 8 12 D (mm) 215 280 335 370 405 455 W (kg) 12 25 38 38 48.6
a b 11.25 r

DN D

22 flange-flange bends
Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II b

Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 77863 77927 78618

DN 225 250 300

b (mm) 229 254 305

r (mm) 229 254 305

a (mm) 10 10 11

No of Holes 8 8 12

D (mm) 370 405 455

W (kg) 40 50 53.4
a

22.5

DN D

45 flange-flange bends
a 45 r b

DN D

Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 78610 78613 78619

Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II -

DN 225 250 300

b (mm) 229 254 305

r (mm) 229 254 305

a (mm) 10 10 11

No of Holes 8 8 12

D (mm) 370 405 455

W (kg) 10 12 62.4

90 flange-flange bends
Product Code PN 35 SUPERLINK 78611 78615 78621 Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK II b (mm) 330 356 406 r (mm) 330 254 305 a (mm) 10 10 11 No of Holes 8 8 12 D (mm) 370 405 455 W (kg) 10 10 10
a

DN 225 250 300

D DN r b

90

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

58

Product Data
90 duckfoot bends flange-flange PN16
Product Code 78630 77723 78631 DN 100 150 200 W (mm) 305 263 r (mm) a (mm) 8 8 9 No. of Holes 4 8 8 D (mm) 215 280 335 A (mm) 23 24 32 h (mm) 297 333 W (kg) 10 25 10
b c DN

Hydrant bends socket-flange PN16


Product Code 78235 78207 DN 150 x 80 100 x 80 a (mm) 133 h (mm) 216 b (mm) 203 f -socket (mm) No. of Holes 8 4 D (mm) 280 215 A (mm) 24 23 L1 (mm) 363 + f = W (kg) 57 32

Washout bends socket-flange PN 16

Product Code 77661 77715

DN 100 x 100 150 x 100

b (mm) 152 190

r (mm) 152 190

a (mm) 8 8

f -socket (mm) 120 128

No. of Holes 4 8

D (mm) 215 280

A (mm) 23 23

L1 (mm) 272 318

L2 (mm) 175 213

W (kg) 32 57

59

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
f a h

Tees socket-socket tees


Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK I 78307 78316 78326 78366 78376 78386 77597 77598 77599 77693 77694 77695 78397 78410 78416 78426 78436 78446 78456 78461 78476 78395 78405 78415 78425 78435 78445 78455 78465 78475 78486 78494 78506 78509 78526 78536 78632 78634 78636 78637 78638 81604 81606 81608 81610 81612 Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK II
f L L a f

DN 100 x 100 150 x 100 150 x 150 200 x 100 200 x 150 200 x 200 100 x 100 150 x 100 150 x 150 200 x 100 200 x 150 200 x 200 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 225 x 225 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 250 x 250 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 225 x 225 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 250 x 250 300 x 100 300 x 150 300 x 200 300 x 225 300 x 250 300 x 300 375 x 200 375 x 225 375 x 250 375 x 300 375 x 375 450 x 200 450 x 225 450 x 250 450 x 300 450 x 375

h (mm) 195 225 250 250 275 275 195 225 250 250 275 275 265 290 290 305 280 305 305 320 320 265 290 290 305 280 305 305 320 320 310 335 335 350 350 375 375 390 390 415 415 430 455 485

L (mm) 210 230 290 230 290 340 210 230 290 230 290 340 240 300 350 380 240 300 350 380 410 240 300 350 380 240 300 350 380 410 240 300 350 380 410 490 360 390 420 500 610 420 500 610

a (mm) 8 9 9 10 10 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 13

a1 (mm) 8 8 9 8 9 10 8 8 9 8 9 10 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 11 10 10 10 11 12 10 11 12

f -socket (mm) 120 128 128 150 150 150 120 128 128 150 150 150 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 170 170 170 170 170 170 190 190 190 190 190 -

L1 - total (mm) 450 486 546 530 590 640 450 486 546 530 590 640 560 620 670 700 560 620 670 700 730 560 620 670 700 560 620 670 700 730 580 640 690 720 750 830 740 770 800 880 990 420 500 610

W (kg) 20 30 36 39 48 58 11.8 15.8 19.4 39 48 58 54 65 72 80 62 77 81 88 94 54 65 72 25 62 77 81 88 94 75 80 85 92 105 118 0 1 10 177 10 -

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

60

Product Data
D T a h

Socket-socket-flange tees
f L a f

Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK 79307 78915

Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK II

DN 100 x 80 100 x 100

h (mm) 195 195 195 195 225 225 250 225 225 250 250 250 275 275 250 250 275 275 265 265 290 290 305 265 265 290 290 305 280 280 305 305 320 320 280 280 305 305 320 320 310

L (mm) 210 230 210 230 210 230 290 210 230 290 210 230 290 340 210 230 290 340 220 240 300 350 380 220 240 300 350 380 220 240 300 350 380 410 220 240 300 350 380 410 220

a (mm) 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 250 280 305 305 320 320 250 280 305 305 320 320 310

a1 (mm) 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 9 8 8 9 10 8 8 9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 8 9 10 10 80 240 300 350 380 410 80 240 300 350 380 410 220

f-socket (mm) 120 120 120 120 128 128 128 128 128 128 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 170

No. of Holes 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12

D (mm) 215 215 215 215 280 280 280 280 280 280 335 335 335 335 335 335 335 335 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 455

A (mm) 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 32

L1 total (mm) 450 470 450 470 466 486 546 466 486 546 510 530 590 640 510 530 590 640 540 560 620 670 700 540 560 620 670 700 540 560 620 670 700 730 540 560 620 670 700 730 560

77592 77593 79317 78935 78945 77594 77595 77596 79327 78995 79017 79002 77696 77697 77698 77699 79337 79036 79046 79056 79066 79335 79030 79045 79055 79065 79347 79086 79096 79106 79116 79126 79345 79085 79095 79105 79115 79125 79357

100 x 80 100 x 100 150 x 80 150 x 100 150 x 150 150 x 80 150 x 100 150 x 150 200 x 80 200 x 100 200 x 150 200 x 200 200 x 80 200 x 100 200 x 150 200 x 200 225 x 80 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 225 x 225 225 x 80 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 225 x 225 250 x 80 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 250 x 250 250 x 80 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 250 x 250 300 x 80

61

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Socket-socket-flange tees (Cont...)
Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK 79146 79155 79166 79176 79186 79196 78731 78639 78641 78643 78645 78646 78648 78649 81616 81618 81620 81622 81624 81628 81631 Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK II

DN 300 x 100 300 x 150 300 x 200 300 x 225 300 x 250 300 x 300 375 x 80 375 x 100 375 x 150 375 x 200 375 x 225 375 x 250 375 x 300 375 x 375 450 x 100 450 x 150 450 x 200 450 x 225 450 x 250 450 x 300 450 x 375

h (mm) 310 335 335 350 350 375 350 350 375 390 390 415 415 390 430 455 485

L (mm) 240 300 350 380 410 490 230 250 360 390 420 500 610 250 420 500 610

a (mm) 310 335 335 350 350 375 350 350 375 390 390 415 415 390 430 455 485

a1 (mm) 240 300 350 380 410 490 230 250 360 390 420 500 610 250 420 500 610

f-socket (mm) 170 170 170 170 170 170 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 -

No. of Holes 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

D (mm) 455 455 455 455 455 455 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 640 640 640 640 640 640 640

A (mm) 32 32 32 32 32 32 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 45 45 45 45 45 45 45

L1 total (mm) 580 640 690 720 750 830 610 630 380 740 770 800 880 990 250 -

Spigot-spigot tees
Product Code 78308 78317 78328 78650 78378 78388 DN 100 x 100 150 x 100 150 x 150 200 x 100 200 x 150 200 x 200 h(mm) 178 203 203 241 241 241 L(mm) 432 432 432 457 482 534 a(mm) 8 9 9 10 9 10 a1(mm) 8 8 9 8 10 10 W (kg) 15 15 15 25 25

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

62

Product Data
Spigot-spigot-flange tees
Product Code 78651 78911 78939 78948 78998 79000 79018 78653 78655 78657 78659 78660 78661 78662 78664 78665 78666 78668 78670 78672 78674 78676 78678 78680 78682 78684 78686 78688 78690 DN 100 x 80 100 x 100 150 x 100 150 x 150 200 x 100 200 x 150 200 x 200 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 225 x 225 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 250 x 250 300 x 100 300 x 150 300 x 200 300 x 225 300 x 250 300 x 300 375 x 100 375 x 150 375 x 200 375 x 225 375 x 250 375 x 300 375 x 375 h (mm) 178 178 203 203 241 241 241 254 254 254 254 267 267 267 267 267 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 356 356 356 356 356 L (mm) 432 432 432 432 457 482 534 457 457 534 558 457 534 558 558 610 457 610 636 636 636 660 559 559 736 736 736 736 812 a (mm) 8 8 9 9 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 a1 (mm) 8 8 8 9 8 10 10 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 11 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 W (kg) 10 25 32 33 44 65 L a h T

D a

63

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Flange-flange-flange tees
h a

a L

Product Code 78899 78906 78306 78691 78319 78949 78692 78999 79009 79019 79038 78406 78696 78422 78699 78447 78702 78704 79124 78707 78708 78710 78712 78714 79199 78717 78719 78721 78723 78725 78727 78729

DN 80 x 80 100 x 80 100 x 100 150 x 80 150 x 100 150 x 150 200 x 80 200 x 100 200 x 150 200 x 200 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 225 x 225 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 250 x 250 300 x 100 300 x 150 300 x 200 300 x 225 300 x 250 300 x 300 375 x 100 375 x 150 375 x 200 375 x 225 375 x 250 375 x 300 375 x 375

h (mm) 178 178 203 203 241 241 241 254 254 254 254 267 267 267 267 267 305 305 305 305 305 305 356 356 356 356 356 356 356

L total (mm) 356 356 406 406 484 484 484 508 508 508 508 534 534 534 534 534 610 610 610 610 610 610 738 738 738 738 738 738 738

a (mm) 6 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 -

a1 (mm) 6 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 9 10 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 9 10 10 10 11 12

No. of Holes 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

D (mm) 185 215 215 280 280 280 335 335 335 335 370 370 370 370 405 405 405 405 405 455 455 455 455 455 455 550 550 550 550 550 550 550

A (mm) 18 23 23 24 24 24 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 38 38 38 38 38 32 32 32 32 32 32 42 42 42 42 42 42 42

W (kg) 5 25 30 25 25 80 65 85 94 50 -

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

64

Product Data
Scour tees socket-socket-flange
a a

Product Code 79605 79615 79635 79665 79675 79683 78730 79705

DN 100 x 80 150 x 80 200 x 80 225 x 100 250 x 100 300 x 100 300 x 150 375 x 150

a (mm) 8 9 10 10 10 11 12

a1 (mm) 8 8 8 8 8 8 9

h (mm) 200 225 250 265 280 310 375

L (mm) 200 210 210 240 240 240 310

fsocket (mm) 120 128 150 160 160 170 170 190

No. of Holes 4 8 8 8 8 12 12 12

D (mm) 215 280 335 370 405 455 455 550

A (mm) 23 24 32 33 35 32 32 42

L1 total (mm) 440 466 510 560 560 580 690

W (kg) 30 33 46 55 56 86 134

Note: Scour Tees 200mm and below require an 80mm Sluice Valve Fl-Fl to complete the assembly, sizes 225mm and above require a 100mm Sluice Valve.

Hydrant branch tees socket-spigot-flange


Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK 79307 79317 79327 77592 77594 77696 78732 78733 78734 DN 100 x 80 150 x 80 200 x 80 100 x 80 150 x 80 200 x 80 100 x 80 150 x 80 200 x 80 a (mm) 8 9 10 8 8 10 8 9 10 a1 (mm) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 c (mm) 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 h (mm) 195 225 250 195 225 250 195 225 250 L (mm) 310 310 325 310 310 325 310 310 325 W (kg) 20.8 36.8 40 11.5 15.8 40 10 10
f L a f h D T a

65

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Tapers Socket-socket tapers
Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK 79747 79756 79766 79776 79786 79796 79806 79816 79826 79836 79844 79849 79856 79866 79876 78737 78738 78740 79916 81649 81636 81638 81640 81642 81644 81646 DN 150 x 100 200 x 100 200 x 150 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 300 x 100 300 x 150 300 x 200 300 x 225 300 x 250 375 x 100 375 x 200 375 x 225 375 x 250 375 x 300 450 x 100 450 x 200 450 x 225 450 x 250 450 x 300 450 x 375 a (mm) 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 a1 (mm) 8 8 9 8 9 10 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 11 12 L1 (mm) 170 295 170 365 235 110 425 300 175 115 555 425 300 240 180 495 435 375 245 565 435 250 L total (mm) 426 595 470 685 555 430 745 620 495 435 875 765 640 580 520 875 815 755 625 380 f - socket 128 150 150 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 170 170 170 170 190 190 190 190 190 190 W (kg) 16 49 28 34 31 62 75 68 68 68 67.4 88 90 75 98 80 178 25 40
f L f aD ad

Spigot-spigot tapers
Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK 78742 78743 78744 DN 150 x 100 200 x 100 200 x 150 a (mm) 9 10 10 a1 (mm) 8 8 9 L1 (mm) 170 295 170 S (mm) 100 115 115 L total (mm) 370 525 400 W (kg) -

Flange-flange eccentric tapers


Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK 78745 78746 78747 78748 78749 DN 100 x 80 150 x 80 150 x 100 200 x 100 200 x 150
A a a

a (mm) 8 9 9 10 10

a1 (mm) 8 8 8 8 9

L1 (mm) 165 298 235 368 248

No. of Holes 4 8 8 8 8

D (mm) 215 280 280 335 335

A (mm) 23 24 24 32 32

L total (mm) 211 346 283 432 312

W (kg) 10 10 16 -

DN

Dn

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

66

Product Data
Flange-flange concentric tapers
A a a

DN

Dn

Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK 79736 78750 78751 78752 78753 78755 78757 78759 78761 78763 78764 78766 78768 78770 78772 78774 78776 78778 78780 78782 78784 78786 78788 78790 78792 78794 78796

DN 100 x 80 150 x 100 200 x 100 200 x 150 225 x 100 225 x 150 225 x 200 250 x 100 250 x 150 250 x 200 250 x 225 300 x 100 300 x 150 300 x 200 300 x 225 300 x 250 375 x 100 375 x 200 375 x 225 375 x 250 375 x 300 450 x 100 450 x 200 450 x 225 450 x 250 450 x 300 450 x 375

a (mm) 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13

a1 (mm) 8 8 8 9 8 9 10 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 11 8 10 10 11 12

L3 (mm) 165 235 368 248 432 311 190 495 375 254 190 629 508 387 324 260 584 521 457 337 660 540 356

No. of Holes 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

D (mm) 215 280 335 335 370 370 370 405 405 405 405 455 455 455 455 455 525 525 525 525 525 640 640 640 640 640 640

A (mm) 23 24 32 32 33 33 33 38 38 38 38 32 32 32 32 32 42 42 42 42 42 45 45 45 45 45 45

L total (mm) 211 283 432 312 498 377 256 571 451 330 266 693 572 451 388 324 84 668 605 541 421 90 90 90 750 630 446

W (kg) 25 20 40 -

67

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Connectors Socket-socket connector
Product Code PN 16 SUPERLINK 80216 80226 80246 77641 77643 77648 80256 80266 80276 78833 78834 80255 Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK II
f f

DN 100 150 200 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 450 225

a (mm) 8 9 10 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 10

f- Socket (mm) 120 128 150 120 128 150 160 160 170 190 160

L1 (mm) 255 271 315 255 271 315 335 335 355 395 15 335

W (kg) 12 18 32 12 25 28 38 47 L DN a

Socket-flange connector
Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK 80095 80106 80116 80136 77632 77633 77634 80146 80156 80166 78835 78836 80144 Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK II DN 80 100 150 200 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 450 225 a (mm) 8 8 9 10 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 10 f- Socket (mm) 120 128 150 120 128 150 160 160 170 190 160 L1 (mm) 15 255 271 315 255 271 315 335 335 355 395 335 W (kg) 25 12 17 28 7.1 17 28 40 50 60 79.4 40
L A a f

DN

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

68

Product Data
Flange-spigot connectors
Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK 80149 80159 80169 78838 78839 77639 Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK II a (mm) 10 10 11 12 13 10 S - spigot (mm) 115 115 115 140 140 115 L1 (total) (mm) 230 230 255 280 280 230 No. of Holes 8 8 12 12 12 8 D (mm) 370 405 455 550 640 370 A (mm) 33 38 32 42 45 33

DN 225 250 300 375 450 225

L a

DN

Ready Tap Connectors


Product Code PN16 SUPERLINK 81240 81243 78840 81242 81244 78841 81472 77649 80217 77650 80227 Product Code PN35 SUPERLINK II DN 100 x 4 x 20 Outlets 100 x 4 x 25 Outlets 100 x 1 x 50 Outlets 150 x 4 x 20 Outlets 150 x 4 x 25 Outlets 150 x 1 x 50 Outlets 100 x 4 x 20 Outlets 100 x 1 x 50 Outlets 150 x 4 x 20 Outlets 150 x 1 x 50 Outlets W (kg) 12 10 12 7.62 12 7.62 12
L3 L L2 150

DN

69

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Flex and Uni Couplings
Product Code 80338 80366 80353 80370 80391 80413 80421 80440 Description 80 Uni-coup (84-106) SS NC 100 VX FLEX (109-133) SS NC 150 VX FLEX (157-183) SS NC 200 VX FLEX (218-242) SS NC 225 Uni-coup (242-268) SS NC 250 Uni-coup (266-292) SS NC 300 Uni-coup (324-350) SS NC 375 Uni-coup (410-436) SS NC DN 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 W (kg) 10 12 23 19 54 60 69 5

Varigib Couplings
Product Code 80337 80357 80365 80379 80398 80414 80419 DN 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 W (kg) 12 9.5 15 3 60 69

End Caps
Product Code 80548 80553 80560 80567 80574 80581 80586 78842 DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 450 a(m) 8 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 L(mm) 120 120 130 130 130 130 165 165 C (height mm) 150 200 260 285 315 370 465 545 W (kg) 8 11 18 25 32 38 96 5
L D DN a

Tapped End Caps


Product Code 87575 78843 DN 100 100 a (mm) 8 8 L (mm) 135 135 C (height mm) 150 150 W (kg) 3 10

a D DN

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

70

Product Data
Blank Flanges
Product Code 80590 80591 80595 80593 80596 80594 78844 78845 DN 80 80 x 50 80 x 25 100 100 x 50 150 200 225 B (mm) 108 108 108 138 138 192 248 277 No. of Holes 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 D (mm) 185 185 185 215 215 280 335 370 A (mm) 18 18 18 23 23 24 32 33 W (kg) 8 8 8 10 10 12 10 10
D A B

Hydrant Risers
Product Code 80811 80821 80831 80841 80851 80861 80867 78852 80894 80895 80901 80903 80905 80907 80909 80920 DN 80 x 100 80 x 150 80 x 225 80 x 300 80 x 375 80 x 450 80 x 600 80 x 150 100 x 100 100 x 150 100 x 225 100 x 300 100 x 375 100 x 450 100 x 600 100 x 300 y (width) (mm) 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 L(mm) 100 150 225 300 375 450 600 150 375 450 525 600 W (kg)
a

7 8 9 10 11 13 15 10 8.5 8 10 10 10 10 10 11
L y DN

71

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Tapping Bands Tapping Bands - Ductile Iron for Series 1 PVC
PRODUCT CODE 77479 77480 77481 77482 77483 DN 150 150 150 150 150 OFFTAKE TAPPING BSP 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 PACK QTY 1 1 1 1 1 W (kg) 6.06 5.96 6.06 6.31 6.01

Tapping Bands Gunmetal for Series 1 PVC

Tapping Bands - Gunmetal for Series 2 PVC

PRODUCT CODE 77385 77387 77389 PRODUCT CODE 77384 77386 77388 77390 77392 77398 77400 77403 77404 77406 77420 77422 77424 77426 77428 81648 77435 77436 77439 77440 77446 77450 77454 77455 77452 78888 78889 78890 78891 77464 77391 DN 100 x 20 100 x 25 100 x 32 100 x 40 100 x 50 150 x 20 150 x 25 150 x 32 150 x 40 150 x 50 200 x 20 200 x 25 200 x 32 200 x 40 200 x 50 225 x 20 225 x 25 225 x 32 225 x 40 225 x 50 250 x 20 250 x 25 250 x 32 250 x 40 250 x 50 300 x 20 300 x 25 300 x 32 300 x 40 300 x 50 PACK QTY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 77393 77399 77401 77408 77402 77407 77421 77423 77425 77427 77429 77433 77434 77437 77438 77442 77445 78892 78893 78894 77453 78895 77460 78896 78897 78898 85121 85122 85123 85124 85125

DN 100 x 20 100 x 25 100 x 32 100 x 40 100 x 50 150 x 20 150 x 25 150 x 32 150 x 40 150 x 50 200 x 20 200 x 25 200 x 32 200 x 40 200 x 50 225 x 20 225 x 25 225 x 32 225 x 40 225 x 50 250 x 20 250 x 25 250 x 32 250 x 40 250 x 50 300 x 20 300 x 25 300 x 32 300 x 40 300 x 50 375 x 20 375 x 25 375 x 32 375 x 40 375 x 50

PACK QTY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

W (kg)

8 8 10

4.67

10

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

72

Product Data
Hydrants and Valves Spring Hydrants
Product Code 80940 80954 DN 80 100 W (kg) 14 14

Swash Hydrants
Product Code 80940 80954 DN 80 100 W (kg) 14 14

Hydrant Landing Valve


Product Code 80963 DN 65 W (kg) 5

NOTE: Nylon coated.

NOTE: Includes Cap and Chain Qld Round Thread

Hydrant Temporary End


Product Code 78853 78854 78855 DN 100 150 200 W (kg) 10 1 1

Hydrant - Pillar Dual Outlet


Product Code 80958 DN 100 W (kg) 5

Hydrant - Plastic Cap & Chain


Product Code DN QRT 65 W (kg) 1

Hydrant Dust Cap


Product Code 80968 W (kg) 5

Q0341

Shutoff Paddle - Stainless Steel


Product Code 78856 78857 78858 DN 100 150 200 W (kg) 10 10 10

73

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Sluice and Gate Valves and Accessories Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Flange - Flange PN 16
Product Code 81452 81600 81635 81710 78872 78873 81467 81601 81559 81675 81560 81711 81561 81727 81726 78874 DN 80 225 250 300 375 450 80 225 225 250 250 300 300 375 375 450 25 750 27 90 85 125 145 168 192 W (kg) 27 15 145 367

NOTE: Manufactured to AS2638.2

Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Socket - Socket PN 16


Product Code 81450 81651 81666 81685 78875 78876 80951 81592 81556 81667 81557 81700 81558 81725 78877 DN 80 225 250 300 375 450 80 225 225 250 250 300 300 375 450 10 263 3 1 240 31 85 85 145 145 192 192 25 W (kg)

Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Spigot - Spigot PN 16


Product Code 81504 81544 81506 81547 DN 100 150 100 150 W (kg) 25 55 41

NOTE: Manufactured to AS2638.2

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

74

Product Data
Sluice Valves Resilient Seated, Socket - Flange PN 16
Product Code 81576 81577 DN 100 150 W (kg) 26.3 51.2

Brass Gate Valves


Product Code 81473 81461 81295 81345 Description Brass Gate Valve FI T Handle BSP Brass Gate Valve FI T Handle BSP Brass Gate Valve FI Hand Wheel BSP Brass Gate Valve FI Hand Wheel BSP DN 25 50 40 50 W (kg) 1 2 2 0

Valve Extension Spindles


Product Code 81773 81781 81772 Q4745 Q4744 Length 150 300 375 450 600 W (kg) 25 2 21 1 1

NOTE: Cast DI/ Nylon Coated

Valve Extension Spindles (Fabricated)


Product Code Q4754 Q4746 Q4942 DN 650 750 1000 W (kg) 1 1 1

Valve Retainer Straps - Stainless Steel


Product Code 77540 77539 81403 81404 81406 DN 100 150 200 225 250 W (kg) 4 6 0.6 0.6 0.6

75

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Ferrules and Ball Valves Ferrules - Standard
Product Code 81200 81205 81210 81650 78101 DN (a)mm 20 25 32 40 50 W (kg) 0 0 0 10 1

Ferrules - TPFNR (Plain)


Product Code 81201 81204 78846 DN (a)mm 20 25 32 W (kg) 0.9 1.2 0

Ferrules - TPFNR (Complete with Bonnet)


Product Code 81653 81654 81655 81207 81208 DN (a)mm 20 25 32 40 50 W (kg) 10 10 10 0.3 0.3

Ferrules - TPFNR (Complete with Bonnet and Poly Outlet)


Product Code 81265 81266 81269 DN (a)mm 20 x 25 25 x 32 50 x 63 W (kg) 1.45 1.75 1

Ferrules - Bend (MI BSP)


Product Code 81225 81230 81238 81231 81232 DN (a)mm 20 25 32 40 50 W (kg) 0 0 0 0.3 0.3

Ferrules - TPFNR (Compression)


Product Code 78847 78848 78849 78850 DN (a)mm 20 25 32 40 W (kg) 0 0 0 1

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

76

Product Data
Ball Valves
Product Code 82056 81396 78886 81394 81333 81334 Description KIT 20 PE Connection (VIC) Main 20 MI - 25 PE Valve 20 R/Angle Service Conn Kit (QLD) 20 DZR Brass Ball Valve PE-FI Plasson Nut 20 DZR Brass Ball Valve PE-MI Plasson Nut W (kg) 0.5 0.5 10 1 0.15 0.15

Ball Valve Cover


Product Code 81013 W (kg) 1

Air Valves Air Release Valves - Water


Product Code 80986 80985 81910 81905 81076 81080 81081 81048 81082 81083 81084 81085 81086 81087 Description Automatic BSPM Plastic Automatic BSPM Plastic Automatic BSPM Automatic Bronze Body Kinetic BSPM Plastic Kinetic BSPM Plastic 16 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 25 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 16 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 25 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 16 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 25 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 16 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 25 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated 16 BAR - Iron, FBE Coated DN 25 50 50 25 50 50 50 80 80 100 100 150 150 200 Type Double ARV 1-A Double ARV 2-KA Double ARV 2-B-KA Single ARV 1-K Single ARV 2-K MPC-SH-050-16 MPC-SH-050-25 MPC-SH-080-16 MPC-SH-080-25 MPC-SH-100-16 MPC-SH-100-25 MPC-SH-150-16 MPC-SH-150-25 MPC-SH-200-16 W (kg) 0.3 1.5 35 5 1 11.3 13.3 17.3 19.3 26.3 28.3 93.3 95.3 97.3

Air Release Valves - Stainless Steel Body For Sewerage


Product Code 81088 81089 81090 S/S, Combined, Fl or BSP S/S, Combined, Fl or BSP S/S, Combined, Fl or BSP DN 50 80 100 ARV-3-N-050-T/D ARV-3-N-080-T/D ARV-3-N-100-T/D W (kg) 2 3 5

77

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Surface Fittings and Boxes Covers, Surrounds and Plastic Surface Boxes
Product Code 81023 81028 81031 81029 81063 81062 81067 81069 81004 81073 80978 80977 78860 78859 81032 81033 81034 81035 81036 81037 81038 81043 Description Valve Surround Collar Plastic Valve Surround Collar Concrete Hydrant Surround Collar Plastic Hydrant Surround Collar Concrete Valve/Hydrant Cover Grey Valve/Hydrant Kit Base Plate Valve Cover Kit Grey - Gold Coast CC Hydrant Cover Kit Grey - Gold Coast CC Valve Box Poly & Blue Lid - CROWS NEST Hydrant Box Poly & Yellow Lid - CROWS NEST Valve Box Poly & Purple Lid - GCCC Hydrant Box Poly & Purple Lid - GCCC Hydrant Surround Collar Concrete - Victoria Valve Surround Collar Concrete - Victoria Hydrant Box & Surround POT - Sydney Valve Box & Surround POT - Sydney Hydrant Box & Surround REC - Sydney DI Hydrant Flange - Heavy Duty Valve Box & Surround REC - Sydney Hydrant Box & Surround POT - Gosford Valve Box & Surround POT - Gosford DI Shroud Collar W (kg) 3 5 4.6 5 2 5 15 15 1 1 8 8 1 10 19.6 15.6 10 6.1 10 10 10 5

Meter Box
Product Code 81468 60114 Description Black Poly Meter Box Poly Meter Box Black/ Green Lid W (kg) 1 1

Surface Box - Valves


Product Code 82061 81053 81054 81052 81058 81059 Description Surround - Recycled Plastics Recycled Plastics - Metro (Grey) Recycled Plastics - Regional Hinged Lid (Grey) Recycled Plastics - Regional Hinged Lid (Yellow) Flushing Assembly Box Flushing Assembly Box Lid W (kg) 1 7 11 11 4 1.5

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

78

Product Data
Surface Box - Hydrants
Product Code 81056 81057 81055 71480 78884 78885 Description Hydrant Pit Collared - PE Hydrant Pit Lid - PE Recycled Plastics - Regional Hinged Lid Street Chamber Pit Light Duty Street Chamber Lids 140mm Concrete Spacer W (kg) 6 2 12 21 10 10

Cast Iron Boxes


Product Code 80981 80979 81015 80990 81006 80991 80982 81002 78865 78866 80984 78867 78868 78869 78870 78871 Description Hydrant Box c/w Lid Hydrant Box Hydrant Box Lid FH (BCC) Hydrant Box Lid FH Hydrant Box Lid AV Hydrant Box Lid SV Valve Box c/w Lid Hyd. Box Lid Blank Fireplug Cover c/w Lid Fireplug Lid Only Valve Cover c/w Lid Valve Lid Only Cover Access - Hinged Meter Cover Access - Hydrant Cover Access - Stop Tap Cover Access - Sluice Valve W (kg) 32 5 6.5 5 2 1.5 25 30 10 1 32 1 10 10 1 10

Marker Posts
Product Code 80755 80763 80814 80813 82060 82059 81065 81066 85186 85185 85187 Description Wooden Marker Post Yellow 1200x100x50 Wooden Marker Post White 1200x100x50 Wooden Marker Post Yellow 1500x125x50 Wooden Marker Post White 1500x125x50 Marker Post White SV/FP Hydrant - Post Red Top 45o Hydrant - Post Metal Yellow Valve - Post Metal Blue Scour Valve - White Air Valve - White Bend - White 5 5 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 W (kg) 4

79

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Marker Plates
Product Code 80746 80747 80753 80756 80761 80762 Description Marker Plate Scour Valve B/W Marker Plate Fire Hydrant (BCC) Marker Plate Fire Hydrant B/W Marker Plate Air Valve Marker Plate Sluice Valve B/W Marker Plate Fire Hydrant B/Y Marking S HP H A V H W (kg) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Kerb Markers
Product Code 80745 80760 80765 80766 80767 Description Brass Kerb Marker Side Drain Brass Kerb Marker Telstra Brass Kerb Marker Electricity Brass Kerb Marker Water Brass Kerb Marker Sewer Marking SD T E W S W (kg) 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Marker Plates - NSW


Product Code 82062 82063 82064 82065 82066 82067 82068 82069 82070 82071 82072 Description Marker Plate 75 x 125 Marker Plate 75 x 125 Marker Plate 75 x 250 Marker Plate 75 x 250 Marker Plate 75 x 250 Marker Plate 75 x 250 Marker Plate 75 x 300 Marker Plate 75 x 300 Marker Plate 75 x 300 Marker Plate 75 x 300 Marker Plate 75 x 300 Marking H SV ScV AV HP HR RSV RHP RHR RAV RScV W (kg) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Road Reflectors
Product Code 79372 79374 79375 79376 Description Yellow Triangular Pavement Marker Hydrant Blue Valve Yellow Bitumen Adhesive Patch W (kg) 0.01 1 1 1

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

80

Product Data
Ancilliary Products Marker Tapes - Detectable
Product Code 59025 84618 84619 84620 Colour BLUE BUFF GREEN PURPLE Size / Marking 100 x 250m - Drinking Water Below 100 x 250m - Sewer Below 100 x 250m - Watermain Below 100 x 250m - Recycled Watermain Below W (kg) 5 5 5 5

Thrust Restraints
Product Code 82058 82057 Description Thrust Block - Recycled Plastic Wedge - Recycled Plastic W (kg) 2 1

Thread Seal Tape


Product Code 81792 Description Thread Tape

Brass Plugs
Product Code 81041 81042 Description 20mm Brass Plug 25mm Brass Plug

Gasket, Nuts & Bolts Set - Galvanized Table C


Product Code 80770 80772 80775 80776 80777 80778 80779 80785 DN 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 (mm) 16 x 65 16 x 65 16 x 75 16 x 75 16 x 75 20 x 90 20 x 90 24 x 100

NOTE: Comprising required number of Nuts, Bolts and Washers as per Class 16 of AS4087.

81

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

Product Data
Gasket, Nuts & Bolts Set - Stainless Steel
Product Code 80771 *80812 80773 80774 80768 80787 80769 80793 80781 DN 80 80 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 (mm) 16 x 65 16 x 75 16 x 65 16 x 75 16 x 75 16 x 75 20 x 90 20 x 90 24 x 100

*Scour NOTE: Comprising required number of Nuts, Bolts and Washers as per Class 16 of AS4087.

Nickel Anti-Seize
Product Code 82351 Description 5ml cw Brush

Ductile Rubber Rings - Series 1


Product Code 82686 82687 86288 82690 82689 82691 85166 DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 375

Ductile Rubber Rings - Series 2


Product Code 82692 82694 82698 82699 82700 82710 85167 85168 DN 100 150 200 225 250 300 375 450

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

82

Product Data
Ductile Iron Pipe
Product Code 81809 81756 81812 81798 81834 81832 DN 100 100 150 150 200 200 Class PN35 Flange Class PN35 Flange Class PN35 Flange Class 212 212 326 W (kg) 135

DI Pipe Sleeving
Product Code 81768 81758 81759 Size / Colour 100mm Blue 150mm Blue 200mm Blue Length 30 Lengths/roll 25 Lengths/roll 20 Lengths/roll W (kg) 8.5 23.9 23.7

Puddle Flanges
Product Code Q4463 81416 79597 DN 100 Puddle Flange 150 Puddle Flange 100 x 2500 Lg Fl - Sp Pipe cw PUDFL

South Australian Boundary Connections - Copper Inlet Riser


Product Code 85169 85170 DN 20 40

Ratchet Spanner - M24 & M19


Product Code 99398 Size M24 & M19

Easy Chamfer
Product Code 69477 Description Easy Chamfer Tool

Water Meters
Product Code Q4846 Q4844 Q4845 DN 20 25 32 Description BCC M160 Manifold Meter BCC V100 DCV Water Meter BCC V100 DCV Water Meter

Meter Stop Tap


Product Code 78887 Description 25 R/Angle

83

PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure Pipe Systems PVC Pressure

You might also like