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1. Hi~ i.[!j,~dlli:i~·(1':S0kfi ,linI:!l ~~h~r) 'Rib'bCiI!i~nd movj.[lg~oon ~~ are dJ',ililmic rttI.cIDtI.-diDttL~-5 ,tmI.l, ,[1~L~ :n !Sii."e,P,'II1p t[liIfl~formcr10 io;,::rcllS.'C,thm;~1l~d3l1!i~ looting iom the (~n:u_i'" ~~;JHoe IfLlj!."1.o,~LQI1l~ ('@~~~~ :m4 @B.J)~jt-o~ '~l'e~) :ili,e:~lgh-irn~Iii'fl~"e' mili:ro-pb.iitnC:S' n.c~riIiog an emi.uer-:ro.lIo.-Vf\N 8rn,~J~fi~·or :rn:foch!in,s. C~OO rr.!iC:!:(ipOO~e:s :)~ ah:(i' !i~~c t '~ ?!r1d! h ... m'?d~l!!rn!i!"!§ped!'!.1t(~, ~ In:;!t, ~i,~I"tled,Ita:btc::~ ,th~ :s'htt~i.di nnd tim >c0l'Hiim:~t,[i~:act:BS::S, shurut ,~.ppa~imr w:liii~ih ,nth'lmltl:fte.51 Mnh audio t~i"iIDI!iI'i ...r~ '[1;.0,,: ,_",,,;;y~"1·.......i'e ,: bll;' ........-'I ,."IJ.", ~'!L"'C-:·t-:'L'I!'C,lill [.. •• 11" J""',II . c;""', - .".... ·, .,-~,',-. _ ~. -11,-- __ "'0,,"'" '" ~L'''' 'l1, _~........,_~
,L'O'
L ""'"

higti.=:it~i"i,e

fiid,rup]-iQ.lti.e~,

TM 'rD.IJ,vli.ng-ooil m1.cropoonc' (.al~ e;i'il~, dY!"i3lL~~ mjC1'O~li!ll1le) ij~t;; 'tl~e !p.rffi.;;:i,pi~ Qf ~llcetlrojna~1Ii!i:t~c::ili4iiil,,'ti.o:n, 'W,m.~ifl '!iGWid ~~5'!iiJ.re 'I,Iari21~lU05, '[JJ_G~' ,a ~o~1.[jiItLJcoo'rrfllli :rniLSJlilrtk:,ltl:iid; ~~' i5, (II ~h!lnte;of~~~ic tlrtm: ,~;lSsil1lg.h!ll,)~]gh '~be (Qj!, AD! ~mf IS. 'tbe:refw,!:\, lOOlitiec, lii! 'tmt:! I~il, this cmf fOOJ!i!i oo'iput ,OI and tbt :rn.iITOphom::_., I(Dl,ili:; 'to, ~imUarhy ~ c(in$'!r!:!~tl;jlll, ,a! t1"J~i-tIl8 coil ]~S,p'~bf ~1tI, :iIl~ 'wolit as __ ,~oovil1lg\o(uLl. trfli-cw.Plto:rn~. TIJ~ same Until U5offtrn used bath as: il1li~1"!D,ph0:r!l~ :md lioLldts.t:caker:in ofti.>C1J! :i!l1.ter.c~ ~,:y5-1i:jms)
IlMsrt15

Tbe nlfill1l, '~mlpl)[i.e_t'lIS, (If Li l'fl1llI~'it1g~ulJ i1rLl;,:;t\l]lIhom(l ,Bi magnet, are iIlIiliphratglti. ,;md .cw!L Th~:iLte :5m(}-'!,I;-n :i!ll f'i,B~ i,"l_ D~ ,~lter:' is, ~ ,pe-rm.at:]er.t~, m_a;_gl:'let ,of!Po~ ~'~pe ~',~i!Ii 111-c::ltiii;illl ,ili p<ill~ [pi'ccc (!:ioufu :jK!ae) ,Liiii~ dJC ~phe:m~ [p{I1~ pi.c~, (oomlh poi:c). 'Thiti! lype IIl\f Inag~: g!J~!'l ,ll! '~nH';'Ql1!il1 liIiI!l!gnl:l;i~ :Ei,~Id.~ru~M' go:p be~~e:L!i, iIfll.i::, :j1ioh~p.i,(;~ -"[,IJ~ di:Jpnmgm is :J .m~nJ circular ~t. at'I!'WI,ml,B~~tl\c!l ... !:,j.--~,~tld,~~: me ((!fl:igan "",r~R8b~'" is ~~l:e.il'i~~j.' I', ~1'llOO f'M',~tF..I r.igiilU,y. n 1:S:6KofJ 'lu I~t bOOy of-trn!:' :1'rfllli,!,';m .. '1 'Mim,~: h.:IJII.a:f:spnJilg:s:.. Th_c Spflnij5 prm ..~dcOOIT!~~i:mc-~' (~u~¥a.1Gfj~,W ~let.~i.ca:1 '~P'?!i;(it!ll!l~-) ro ~I !JfIJi)_1~ioo-f':1)! d'i1.'!l,pbrll.gillil, <1M, ,mil&S uf: ~heili~grn, IIllill!!,looH o ,il."5iSt:m.Il:fJy '~i!'!.l~d~ :ioout:i.i.vc i.,;tl~t TIle CQ[l 'lis '...... "ffi.i!nd..;]In a! ~_M'!xI31[d, l!;::rl.ID.~r wltlob. ~s'::Ut.ilit;~.eriI,.o tihe di:a.pfu:o.;,gr:Jli. The' ili!.ll~,:b5 ii :5.iilQ!;l~lily~, thilrfl ii:mllil'liit:lii~d 'w~.r(:'_ ,/i;., tprokctii"'.c C~~ (a ~~al ,S~i~~)'g '~soo to :;~'o\e'iil1'e ~H~_e ilIiiijirnrill8m iiIImd i '';'''((Iil ~n'!lMy frot'l} '~Ing mi~_fi.dl_l.c:d. 'sulk ,~loiih :~ri~liiJll! is used 'rOI s.c:,(iW'3t-f' A 'iilie iJ~r' el'IlJifllb",'f ,from Ute IlowL.'lT.{:_~:Ji:Ifib<:T. A 1ilrDB1! ru'~ i~, sed ill iIh4;' -:io~r u d~i1rmkr'.o gi ... !3N~-55,to tile :Lire~ :JtmI:!sphcmlL ~
(Q!'l_~'!M

oHhe dll~,~gm ~t.s: 1.IIte 1Itu.,gb. aoow :Freq~~)" ,IjU~p1it.,ili:iiI~,tm~ !iiiftfucs::!ii {c~i~~c '~IIQi~) ~1i!~d.1b.y ,it.;;, 5f(1i!l!g5:'; ~(IQlf!'.1Ji:;m,~e,~ct:s the! ~JJM.; i1W[lii ,r-reqUfMy Oulp'ilt" '1Itc: ~le~irl[',n:l CqjuU,'I,1"2I.lmt dFii:wi: ftIr 3IlliI[]mnDg ooi!
]11~, i:tI~

rn~~.wp:hi)m~is ,~i~p'!"1, :Pag. 1,&, iin

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~.~ ~iaro

~J~t
M~!~:fi~ ~lt!ilFl~lMl2

[pfl~Uoo

~~------------Sii:lumdl
IJll'Ift

A"Liifo ~liii

Ii------------;O-'~-,-.-,--.---------~,
Ict.r , .-,&

;z..1 II .

;!'\L;;-trf'iiM·· ~!;L .,_.

~!:!."."",,"

- .-r·---L;;fij·.....:' !m.;;I",J.-a; «III'm __ "'\I-"""" n'!:: -Il .. 1;, • ..,.~ --·;...mal' ..

r- .....,;,.....

'ri/ ~_rkI'rIg Wltciil SOUiil~ \;\i1iiVt:S,s~iiib;:: Illt~ .mllliphtal!mtL; :it ~~ mod ·h~J;!OG':., thG ~OO~ I!;Ji)~ ~~ J(;!d! ![rut ~JI i!h~ Pl_~~~il;: fii~llt:J. TII!is ml:i~ii;i~ c'~a!1~ i!lbe 'fIIlj~,'lilirOOglli '!be ooill, wljjei~ iOOS~lts al1 eiit'if 'lhe~ilIg:iJi.!Bjje~ liil ,1Jt~Wltll ,~ue. .0 ~jjj l'ilA:ctrnlllEl.~lic ·irrnclb.i:(:liQai1 'iI'1tc. VlII!iJ.~ of"trnas >eiilrdt:pe[]jil~ en tlrJe :r1l~ erc.bmrn,BJ=: IOf 'H~ ~lJ._d:1:i~OO!OOli '1i1J~ 'miMili:m oftlm ~mL Th~ dils'pIa£~ru~~.'~i't1~G ~~l g~ '0[1: Ih~ pI'i!.:SElreoi£'.sound !~\ilj;'iI~S, lbe ,d~j),pht-il-grn,T.b~js;.~~~S,;j :~re WI mrne::rnp]iM,e, 'Jbr.:; ilfldllre~ ¥ljl~.. e. iii·~ I~' (iOn Q'!Iihc! rn~mph.ulfle ~.:s.gi\'tlfl, by ,EI!I,. 2,2. ~:'f is l~]j::till mt" iIli!:ml!> Iii)"in les Kn ,[or ''Wib.Imrl~,l~ 1 till~ I~~Jh ;Q if 'l~e 00 iI ]111'Irm::llres. E' ,~.\!!~l,1)(i~ Qhfu~ dmphrnilWl, (~(:!d! '~~1l10~ ,ooilD' ~I!! m!~ UIG!i!
,p,rftlf~rl!i

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T.bili:i, ~ :1OO1l~ ~~ :i~ dt~otJy:~ro;ptJl'it'imla!l, ro vel~c:i)ty whtoch. :in iPropot1~O(t.f!~ t'Q :fre-q,i.'ieirt'-1' oJ ooLdnd P"~ varillti:ooiS"
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1;;1

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of "liM ,Mn:rng<o'il MkHlp'ool'le (~~il

_ ~ __ ~1!.·"I!!"'~~~ ~ ..... ti ':=til}. ~~ -!'('V.Jll} ,l}!.I1I

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,]0 m;~!"'1ol.-=' ;;-"'11' !MI dlli: "~h.,. ~ ';>,,'1'''' '~:"II ~"""""fod p......,.,.,-J~ ~..'"'''''I,.,..,if . uw;:1tW~ ll. lI .. _ ....IJ ..... ~ 0.1 Pil. A si'ep-'u,p' 'h1mSfo:trci.(:f l.s: 'w~, t-m mat.::'b ,lillie cable iElilpcdlmlX~,1ih~ 0lItp I;! I: across: 1i1~'~Ol!ldary ~!I,.!,:!~: jui.cro',1(llt. 90
:5p14!J.o,r~in:Imi'!:;l,
F"l'tqU1!i'I1!Y'~ jij) dn:)_

60' Hz ro Sg H1; fjill' ;I;:~, dB. (u.w fifeq!.l~ ~S.Ji6n:;e IS, :[l,iIrtl~' :Lmp,~J !Ilp jet. ,40 NO! ~' wing iii, '5 tn iii 1I, tullH: :in ~" l\p~r c'bambcr 'of tM, micm_p'tr.onc to gil'l\~ SI~~~:!l ro ~ :f!~rnOt1p:be.~',)'~:.:~~ ;!!, :[t:[i;1}L~j;',;j~ f,~j),ii"~' ' ibet~[j, l ;jjml-4,I!:lI~'Z;. TIfr~.r~ :Lt is ~ prone ito neise snd f~r;;k.

t~e

Less i!lwin 5%.

iDf~ fi~ rnr;rI'ing~-Q'H D."de:ropjl'Oljj~ :is; '!tiul\c:l'lily Q.l:iln.idib'!1:1Lwrr::il 00 ;i~:IS s, p'~ssnile: :miempM.ifr~, 'Sound! 'W~,~S :sotrike dh~ dJ2I,p,brssm £tam 'fitr~ ~t, ibr,:n: ~l,!Imd! '''''''.. 'Il(l" oomit'ig {iifI~ ,~~iisIrOn'll sides er evefJ. £rurnr,tM! 'bad:: e;.an H!.rIcli Ute :fi'ont by ,t:I~ffFa~1.rI1OOl; :IDiiffnirGti.OOii efftct ~5 roi:d.'uC~dI, hi~' i!I~ ~LiIdlQ 'm~:qljr;m~i~ PlM, itMr~£itr(l'. 'libc mii;'FOphQru~ i3 ff'L!i'll)' .:muJ!idif.~~i(i~~~ ,o:r,11he llo'~~ a!tdiQ ~!.lm.es, tln'b'. ]t achl~,'Yr:s, l~ji,,~~,y :ui: :rn~I:":~er d !iujd~.ofRlllU~j('c5; ,lll5l mustratro ie, F'iig.. 2;,9.. The figur~ 5'~OW,S,QJ1lnt.di~(;tiO:I!iBi!, J;ra.~~ a.t 100 F12;,'oot at 'bislLe~hqL!C1L'!:lC!s CKf 1000 Ft:l:and lJii~ber; ~!Iie!:p~n~m [1.0';; :relfrfrmn rntuii:di~j~1JI12r1.

ooe:s

'~.'

'jo

l~ ;j)!.i!~JI~: im~' Lis q1ILt<l' low and :i5: ~'b(i~ 2:5 ~, H:(!klCe" mati:n ~ 'Urnt: 'of 200 i;l'hm~:o:,~tep-i,tip ,tftlrfl::ifonttt;r i1f,;J:ooia.: Jd him::; rni)]O :k-Sbuilt in 'file! rnicmJ:i't!~' t::a!j~" 'Thh, it"!~s,~' QI;I~~t 'vg:1A.l!i,~ to ahql;!I:90' iIlIV.
~'iFel:lfiRi

o~~!:

0)

M _lie m.ape1:
~-'f,

is, q,!.!!i(.e;'l±IeI!.lI,i}', i~:cam be enc;age:d, j'n 21mdi 'lju:EI~ it ]:5; 'very :robm5~21mdi :~liil:'bL!C.

;ft,

bea\!y proteO!t~1Ie

~'l} it ~ '~'tot[teed e_:.:~erni!lil ' bias. (3!} It can 001 ;S,~J!!J! i!,!~i;i< 'from a 4is~~ 0'[~~: ~seta, fill,) hs OO!i~, ~t> !IiO~ ll1i~o n: :is L~'WCr :rn OOS~ dl2Iil, iilmlimi iriC, mi(;ropb0ll(;9, bu~,ihi'ib~ i!h!!1'!! ~'~ ;;¥!]d'~m mi~I1IC\5:,

c8]f!a.tilor'

~r~ M!Jv~n~ ii.:~ll iitlie.~ltIe ~8:'Ve~ w!de:I,y ~ed" ,rn:lId,l~ $1iil::tble :tM' 1.!IS~b:i-J;II.iliiic :lliidJes:s! :s.y,st-cm.si and bro.adcllSl: :s;tOOIiDs_ 'Vi.~ 'it :l.si coop:i:cd! 'WIUJ, :J, ribbi1tr1 1'JlI~!:1i(JJ'!lli!)]~e.ik'!! ;)(!~i~9, 'L'!.i ©:!Uldioid,,p~m m~ ~t'I.:!!!~fu:l f~r,'~l'fiiltU U
cencerta

,l-.!j
BtIIrtJ

fUB80N ,MICROPHO Hi

:10 ~ i1ii,o,d:n,g~o:i~m.k.Qroe. high trieqtieJK.-y :r.e!l,~~ is,:~ 'bctllw;c: of tb~ ~ ilJf ~~ dL:il~[jj], (jiii"K:ohldii.fLg ;ilsserribly). Metiiiajji~~ 1RiiI!:i!:i iii, call '~l,!Ii'I.':~i~t ~ ~L~ljF:tCllii, ~ru1'-oot:mi::C, and ilhi:s: IIttmUB.te!;i the h:!~' '~q,~~,,@ii;lS, 'Refi;i;!:" .tl! Jm~ils:e ~be f~,uernC'!;' :r,eSPOk1~' fm 'l!1jgh audio fi'et.;tUItnc::ies" IJ vety ligilt a'inmin'u1E ribboo 'LS ~d :in :~liLCt:: dii~]filiir;O~ ,1IllIiI, ooil as~bb- ']'h(!; O-£',1Ii :r:i:"booi ac~, as !!i <:-Q'fiduator (p1a,(:,~, ~!JJ ~, ma,BIl~tl,'(:'fidd,) as we-H,as, ;ii, ,d_1il'pbm.~,
Sil,U::'1ii. ,il: ,IifLktopl1.(1ro!:18:'C!:'IUed;:!I, ribbon m.l((n:~h!Jme,

'LI:!! !'t;,!'!xrr~r

Eiyjt-i!1J ~ll!" m

FI'IIIi'rIliirnenii 'fi!.-gQ(lt IIifih

,~' ~'etii!ii:i, ~

'0'1

~j~t«I,to ,JI~Y:rr~icill <!ihock; can ~LiIifbr':D:uIi1l:1l! .rtispjlg~,i!1r..:bg!Ji ",,!lith [1)10m], the !1,l;).sI1~tLi.":' pole; ,p1e-c.~s" ife:Slj~l:~s' t~irn, OOlliDfI!. :2. A de il!i,[[tteij~ '~h :r1ibborn, j]-,orn ,a h!!t!~ry r;,f':!!. meter 'COiiill r.1rnlll! tlWI !!il:loo~" H~noi) :resjfjtai'toe{IF ~ilID'tinlJj)ty oif'nboom, :s:htmld, 001 ,~, pw;;lS~red with:a 'm~: It ~~lJlo\I!ld0' (Iw~~ed by vis'l;ill :il.s,p~H'!)t'I. 0 3. A :r.iboom, inLtf,f1,pJitcmc, should nnt !be: bl!o ....TIi irl!go. It wiJ], 1;.:;!1!!5$ ~ll.a:il1i il"i, ~,:tl~J~" ~tis 5i!;!tlsi~i~e ~Ij, 'tl.e :rr.toVeJlileJl't o:f'21~r :iil"<IU' i! 21m;:!! to' 1lhc :sb~'iI:, V.imtluilS. :n IS ,lIilw :rensLtii'lA'l' to, 'liJ~atl!!~!1B' 'U: '~b(iUliil, .~e~fQr.e" be' i:e,~.: a'OOuI; 50 'cnli {i~Ii'i'iIji\C~ :away from. 'iJh;e :5'IJ1!Ire(: Gf'~otrniil. As, :ii: ~~~rilJli;I1i!l~-!I, iJgml'ifl!i!: bJi.(:~~ nQVSi;; by ill, (a!~ Q{ 3., '~!'e: S,~a'kets cCai'), s~il.OO :ilA: 1..'7 liml.es lhe dl'st:]m~ p.['tsl"rlDeill, £.jJ.r reseure mi!1:roph~. p iPl'OID !Ii dI5~' of S'O i;:~. :~i.BI!3iho--'--J](ii9~ Il!!io, Q:i ~h"i5: :rmi-ci'.op~~ wm b;::~Iihc :wm: :til, !Ifam I~'.et dli5t'iru}~ ruF '1l1ii.o1;',ln,~'...f1lDil ~. :EliaA~,'01)!fp.U!; 19, ,~~~, ,~r
'I,!i~_~
n ......

c~

Ihc:, ~F

i9

r:;Io~~ibl}

4,
5.,
(ii.,

1"

'1'h<: :sligfilest w.Lfiiil, (iiill~C5 rurnl!Jl(: nQ~' ~1lI ~'iI;il,iltpi;U:. [t has ~GiU~rn: :~S,~ 'I'M' !!be' ~wt.[ng~ri'lM.i,ejjis :pKidilfe;.ed by .~~ lmilfurnmi::s. [t ~ 'riot :!'l~d! ,~tcl:t~3!1 'b1~, ~tsooU':is ,high as comparoil! til' iIlhc mo<ViiIlii~~~11~'"

~neDl!le~bom,e,

tm::

~~rom:
lim,s

]~ isyer.y ~fIIL1~tbll.e ~s.. fm Us :iii~.m~eii.g]111: 'polar d~ ,Bil-, Ig; 'Ii!!;lk ~ 10' 'f~~''Wt!..i.c'~,s D]o:re [l.f!R!!'a1 :r;IMIIIi slilttldit'lg side -b"y stik. l F'wnbef" (he 'I'M) deiid, si.d(:s In. Hi rlliibooi mrertl,plwnc ~,w' Em ;rn!1l~ion of hg~ ~ ~:'I,!!~, ~, '!?(lice, o:h. tpet'SOI'l ;strilldiin.g in ~b.ede.a.di,ilEa, c:ve.ij,:if qultc:: dM(:: llilo '[be m.i''''rop~ltIne,wi~l not be pkL:d 'up di~i;l'1:l~, '~: w~'h '~i1i mio:rop:bot'le dIrough ~editoos from 'tm.esid\:::~'Wa~ll!iacd, !b~-c:: win :501mm, d~5~1IIrl.

_!"$

'w~n

\V:tli~~~, ri:bboo !n~r(i,pl!.one:and,31k11lo~n.g·coil mJo.rop:liorre 'both l!'tl ,1iti00ll~ ii'il 11i'i.e :!I:fi i'iti.e !b I) iIf sl fig" 'OOiiJ:fI.e.!.J img tDetri in series, iii, ,c:.ard U;.-td, (or' 'hea:rtha"~.:I·)" ~cm ~ . F' 2 'II') >iiutl C '. 'I. .: ,: s' .~:. ~_1:$,t 'Thi" ~5:~__~ .. !1J m ~,!g,;';;,,,~~;;;,,h ml.ero;pl,j.on.es"l\f.'e ~_J~ ,9uluib!eJ fOr Qmib~ am.d!COW'!: scenes :irI! ~s: W1li1:n:~ il :l:<1tge iUiJilO« ;fiIfpo::F,s,oos: ,m pte.smt. :Dti,(:: to i.he pme6.CiIJ~,.y ''Ii'f(:~~:blll:'S:!ii nbbom, II: :S~'I\~ dJ~'bc9l: ~!.!!U, 'with ~mbl.f9' ,lind Q!"t'~.estI:';JS because lhe' 1i.@i~U: :riil±!bilttl,art respo:od, irmiiJIbi:neDiWy Ie 'ihe nlimttc:~~,:ili1 iih::, cmnp.Ui:catmw';3,'I.'donu, gf.~l;Ifib, i!m!Sk,
'~AI~

~"I.i.2

21111"
,R~~m: dit,l)~~i!fitrgf'~!!fi8' t!!i~ !'fr!OllfriSI;i~ !Ii_1!idi ribbonl mkJ:"(IPDe'5

'iL6

I ,CR"tS,If_ ,MICfUlfttONE
rnjc.roriboo.e~ is ib~ dii'f(rau;:c ,o..f ~~m.!i on .he princ::ii,p:le ;Of,~~' b!l~D ~, ~!iiire

,ri\, a)',still
PtOOl;!~

,~ iJ:Mse ilr.e su~ectedi W ttneehil.n~1 :pr.es.su:re. The ii:rysllilils w'I'L1c:h siro'w .h.i's ,~ff'tot ,~ qr~ ~~" r~U~ ~h an~,~ami~" RO(;:b~lI'(:' ~I: ~ :I:Jigb :piezocle-.:U:i.c~ c.tT-~~:'ifIw: is :5fIi.9Cq~lbl~ ~o :llfIlJi~iIlfC., Ats.mt. 'h ~ll:i'itiDi: wiidi~iili:rd! ]Jigh 'WID~ia~ ofmoNi '~, ,:iiIJPC m ,oll!.!d:oor~'. ~_rtg aruJ i!:OUnT!aiir:!s have low ' !pi~lflflrDt:, e±"frot Ccr.mU.c ~!5:t005~: sui'tablc: ![)f"' c_~, moct![],plw:Iflf:;5iili, it 15 not :iU!i~ibtc tQ mQ~~';and ca.n ii!jbIO' WjU1~.QT!d! Mgb 't~~f!;J.I, 'lip tQ ]00'" C" 'Wi:Mn:~re ~::lapp~ioedl't-o,~u)'sUd. ~!:def('t'm:S81ljLd,~no,trie.l1i~displ3!Cetl'ien~, of cb~' iDb:15, :pllliliC:'\1.'1lmn '[be ii:1)'St.oiI, ,nruchiJ~. n~$:~15, ' -ii: dl:tl-rncQC 00
I

:r~

B.Jfoi:-i., which
il)f
5!l)mt

tlJ'sl.Iitsi •

[~~r!~i!!Jl C~rM

'k~~

~~'~

~mrf;;li~9'.

mK:rop!'L~ie -Iss.'OOWtri ~n:F~~" .13" 2 ~'~I)',!llillii. i~,~~t :lIii:QJiJ,g cC::~"l, iP:~ ki :fQffl!i ;3, i!iih~"M'irtBii~.k fui.i iC~~ :il.Fe Iitt.aeJlted ill ~hc~'two :rwflill~ 'Ml' cimy 'Ilhc :p;.l'I.'i:ruli'li'~ ,dlfl'I~:re:i:Ki:t' to ~, (I1i~
A:iypl~Bi~ ~I
~imlli'j::s:.

Ir$.i I !ili:'"qjjl ~,

t1g'.

,:iI'.glll

'C!r;r..st.:ll'mi\;rophom:'

iljiies. :Sl,!jiUi;b'~>, ~I.ii'.~.ue plflced iIIj, Ml it:lS~Jl.lirtLtl,8, ibolde.11 'W~U'II them, A. ,WIg!:! :rnIlnD!:T (iff ::m!;h ;::I!:iitI:Ilts ,m ~om,l:d~ 'to' im::reasc' 'lhl.:: emf: A dJ2I~ mdi:: (!if ,lIitmIli.i[].iLml; :i:si i!~h.c:d! to· tb~ i1:~, :Sll!rf~J!:!' ~lYiooifl ~,pY~'~~, 1i!N whole; '~n].:'i' t5: ,~~O!!!, ~n;~ :p'm~~i\'~ 'G.!!-j:(l'" ~ i!5, ii, proi.'eet~¥f: mes'lli.wvet (iIDi: shown im, 'the figu:ije) 11I~et 'ilhe d::I.iiplit'dgtiIl. lVi-'o, bLfic~1 ~
,OJ]

!iIIir,E;_p.tK:c:' ~«nl

Ifu~
,~

~t :Drn, ;c.~
:Ii!o

~er

"'Whentltal~is a Wll!td W8',"'~ ,af ~ompr<:-5SI[]n. i~:OOElil,~, 'lite: ays-' ,(If:'n!~f~~ii;l~o'd!.e' COOlNtSi;li '~ :~I;Ke ;,_n.;t! '~)Ci ,c;,rySQ'~ is c~,~ded t'CniJ.IDi. Due '(bi~, cmnpreg.giOiil ,ilifl~, ~i'eil:!i100,,:u: ;.;iiliYing PtJtcrniill,

wbid, i.5: ~~~ tQ ~ 'm~~~~p;l :p~j] :I~p1~~, by '~he ,~(iundW-ii,vtS, (It is. ~1I~fo~" ;preuuflt ~nitro.philJoDe;I}. De' I~I c:1'ml.enlS:aJ~ eonnectedln sneh a way iihat ii:Itc=" pDtmtiai d:ifl"~~ dc-, '\'~'!io~ i(! t!OO (fjGl.lJ]~t;s :I~ ;Mi!d~cl,'!P ;!I]d, w~ girt :a ~ ~I~ ffinp!.n (:fIbo!J~ 50 m.V"} ,for :r~ilI.B: 00 Du=" amp'~ifie~~
~~I~,

dlff~c~':i::5l

.0

to, .h.e' c::~l

'0"

1a.~teth~Ic:s,of'

I O)'SUil MK:ifop'hMIl

St!n:IfIn;J1,~ T.Ii!~ !l;:fY$~i rol.;;:ro,~'fiIt:rnoebas 'b.",11 ~"- ~ \'!II\I.,. ,1-, Ol'~ ,.!Ii pr.wJi~I;!~'. ." ~ ~i')liCIT '[] . U ....l'IJ'I1f. ~
I. _,~

g.~ Sin_5;:i.~"~~'~"I' ,SO mV tar :2~,;t;iiB ,ahou~:

Gen.eF,;;!l~rol"l ~f

~iJlI'·tQ.!'!!:H~

~PcI'

,n ~s' M~ :~Oti";: 'tlJ pitk Idp ib;ldgr{!~in.d noise,

~00

:m.Gi:;e i.I!1s.iirl.'(:, ~b~' '[J!Jit=!(\oph.9'!1!~ .i's ,ilboui, 4.0 >11113:.,

,~~ iReip'J~A!

,~lMiiQW~ Hii;!!l~~ ~i·sn;il"t(lofl(Ii~~ atlo ~ biBn, l :i'1-i w

IIil'iI!I.ali'tJM! ,~~~r.tftY

:l;[!W;,~bollll

- 8.~)(Wliz :fUF ~:i dB :~%

Onhl"l.idllt!ectLiill.i'ill 11igh. iil.OO~~ rr,,;'tfl

101.- ~~rn

,cn~~.~.:.; L
~!i:is iIiI:!~ ~ :ru;gl:!i~ ,iI:S!:II, mo .... i[lg--co:il.
'~'~"

OM",

~U1: :its!moire ru,Bgedlilllm iii :r:lboon

2.. ~iI:,1:'iBIIi liM: i5iJl!'Ilbu:i~::!~ di:;Ji'i~ iI'3iIlg~,. It ~;i:shigh {mpedi1oce fel4i!iluc:s reJalri.¥tJy :dto:ti, Ib-a.ds to iRe' {rn,pldl (';iTeld~of long.
;\\, ¥M rmi:ti1(f ii;;ir~uLt win load i~'arid! MftM~ be used in ~ mu~H~ffi'li~Mme
,C'.,q~'
~""(:r(:

'~h~ ,mtphfi'!i!~ to :~r(l,r(!~n05j o[ hii~oo' ,:!wfo, if'~,I,lc!l"Ic:i:n .. {ir tpLtki~'~P!!:it ~ hwn., 'rfu.c leads must lite wrillsrulcl:ded! and Ei[]~,mDlT(:' iI:ihnn a:bollli: 6 mdr~ llj;:i!i!Jof 'bB.:S.':Si, H:miX',

:it

s'fS'te.rn.
il: ihi.1l$ 'mo

:l. 6.
".
:11:"

U.m~E~ca; m~'!fj!llig.-~i:;JU mi.~ro:,p'n~,and! nb'bon :m~rol;i£:i~~,

~

,LJ'''''''j,.I""'II,,'i,,

.. ~",

.....

~,

d'

I' .........;· .... __ """.,LlU •. 1 .... " ........ '",,",

1· ""1~"'"

'·'1·1'L...:n:....,.,,;;.... <u. 'II 1,:I[1....... , ..... ..

It does; :I:1~: :[]~

It 500!J1)cl1~ (i~,00 lts ;jIJ:si: is ~.ow_

::Ii

bias stiI,lfI,ply.

G:_~JXiiiS d,

ro dLtr~~::50110I~i!iltll:fOf' ~ l~'!lS:'tl'lnG-.

~~:.;

:u. is

l,!lsed.fm.' h' f-v'I'IYWil1lg ,pl,!ll]Xlses~

:~.. Horne'I'OOOJ,Dlng 5:lo's.cms

:2" An:I~l>eui:' ii:\WM'fLltli~~iClm,

,~. M tibllli:' ;;" mm !llli:!H~li:!J.(1fI JJo'w~; d'~ to .... ,nrin.1iiOO1i ;[If
:rI~r(1iI),~Ml'IJeis

:rn(l~, I~Sed

m bro!Kk?!s~~g

b 2I~s~re

i:".2I~.I;;ttristic8, 'this type Ijf

!st!.!!di(i:;!.
NIE

,and r~(i!"d~s;

"Ii']' ....)

II

F.i'I; DiliFIToi'"'IiR' ;,ff"I<R ;i";I'1ii1l,i] ,",'rCNSJED~iMIIFRn "-~IF"~. v .."-'".'IiIVI·"!IIiIi!I!Iiii.. .. !PI,! ... ~. ~ []!IoIn I'n¥.

1F'Jf1'iei'p.l'e;

Wncn dw CELpadtllniCc of

iii '~iilpaC4hH' t\mliJil!l~;, ilic;

quilJrtitLy il!f: t:urgc:

iOOi

'~he eapadtor r.e.rni)~~stiM! S!lL~, ib!,[l~,i!te' h!vel i1Ih(il~~F: 'C'h;ul-J~, : n j~ like wii."tcu ,r-::,1,r(:1 im,ill ,,(:sse~ :s'1J1j.~trfI, im,lFi~r. :2.:14..'FOF :fhLoedilfLiIlTrti);y ofw!}~r, it!': j~'I.I'~! a VC!'i<.i(li~ WDI,!II1d! ,(ji.!,l;ii2'Brii, 01"1 b size oft'h~ ~5S~'L ~.Il!

(..;; 'VI

~.~ _r. ~.~.~ .....

OiiIlo.iiii

iiiiiI,_,;;;

A~, ~I (~~i~' of~, \Il!~~1 im :F~g.,2:, ,,4, {b} i!l, [i;!irs'C!' '~halliflji;. ~ l4(.~). '(~e :I.e 'ii1i!:1'o:~' dc¢t'e.M'C S' ~i'il:Ftig. 2.~, 4{b,) as !i:i~i'ied [.0, rig, l, ~,4(,LIi), Sitfnill.ady; iIll)e ~~' (llf ,III ~i::'~ ~n!F'i,B'- 2, ~,~{r;) ~n8.n~ mlUl :~~, ~:LM '_}" 'tm~ W~' :~ l'c;vcl, Is hlgh«;in as !i:'M'Ip(i~ FiJi. 2~1,'4(;fi,J, H~ WlIi1er I~~, :n:~ittS tl[te ¥DI.I.iIigt::across 'lihc Il:'ipiErliM.:P].iiltH. Cbmge: MVO:hi::iig_t ~C\'~l'r:M iIu=, fh;.(:Q] qll:mliiitj" Qf'~.e i9, m ~~~' wi~, :~q,_ (2.3)..

M'_~

i.'.

.6

V= Q
.~.

{~J}

:9~~b;; 1:.b~ d:la;~ima.sm

C=, (:;;IJ;lB.d~-i!\l ~.Q w;fK'b :Equ.ntioo 2.3 glNrws 'ilIitiA: if C ii:l~s~ P'wiU ~UJ:.iJ:Soe lmiJ if C' d(:~~ ~MIU':~.J ~'d~ oo'tm.c :mi~l:i~ ,illCl.S, as one rl1a.ic' i3f'I.h.c!:' ~ap~i,gr_~' .olhe~ platt'. ca.1led, uw~bat,!;; p&:iiltf. is '~.wed.W'II.e1ti :oowi'ld ~i!t:: mu~~ iIl.c: ~'~ i~ the eapBiG!~(:' ~tea5~ :and 'WEm, h: mtlV(:$, (!lilt', dli:l! !l;:ap~i~I!i' d~s" 11I.e1 ,huge':in ~~~ ~l~ ~ ~'han~ m vci~, L]bel (;;fi,pca~.tof. mi~fiC :ii5 :a:~ nti.~fi.il.C'~ ills, ,SOD wli¥l!:$ ii:~ fn:mm, ,Bill !ild1=-a

IV = .... o-i. ,~ro:5i!l d].c' calj!:E;l~j]f' ~I1I''!lD.i!!.i, Q '"" ,e:bfit;ge 1m. coufo.itttI'bs,

,v

~ U!~ ftont G:idk: ~I,)':

_131

Met.!! i ibad;

IIilEiulaklf'

cOO1l[/li!ti'on ai5 it ~m.?!it:i~, ,;:!.u.f¥d~d! .0< '~'bg; ~~~ n"hll~ w.i1ih iI!lN hll,p O'fJ~;s,pl~Gr sp1~n,8S. The Ij,wtl, plilrw ilre insiililtt:dl [[tom c~h 6:!!1~. TI!(l! GIIJ!~iilif']lX' afthtiS! '[J!Iicmph.Q'I1i~ ~~, 30 pH, is
~II!

:ft.PPli:ed 00tw~ ~be: ooC'kpI~le

5~lrirnr.d

'fbe ]J'J~, d::i2l1fl~ :!lfld ~ ~;JC~~i;iI, .e!';a.'i p'i;Jtg; ;!IN' ~ m ~i;:h iJl~Cr SlId! :f[]rm a '~,P'i'_cd't:ii1,(,e Ora, ft'W ,~i(-ufiilmd:L A fh(d ,rii.'C'_''f[J'll~~f: of ii'baiit SO tc! :~IOO ~O:US, El'i
al1l~, iJ1h,c:, miH{ilb~ ,mlap'bragm

iP~.e, The d1~,~~lqm

'Wbiro ~!'!u·td! W,ai""~ strill:,e '~be.: df!.":lp:liF.ili---8I:'f!1, :iJt m;j)!I.'es, ]JiL:!I'Log, G~rc:55iDll; ~!t:mK!'!.'~5 IGW,u,dS. ~ :ilioo~ bait:k p:ia~ ,aru:i imc~~ cap3i1:;ii3iIlr.e.. ]j)lI!l'lI!B,~fa!C'lkm" 'i~: '!!es ,I.li",ri.l,~ :['f.~rIi 'lhe ib~t, iP1'ii'iie,LIfid IltJe~('1)J~ ~ec:r.~es ~ capli:ciiEm~ 1"hc ~ :in ;;::B.pru;:it:anc~ i<:'b.:m~!i I.hc d<:- Y£il~ acress nmc' (ii},Pil'-jIM' p:l<l!ltes, t3ISt.i]ooebt~~e:jjJ, ilii:, P:i.iiltL;'".5 'lfh~i, ,As ~~!S,l;il.ji!iiii~e t;'lJ~t:I~i!i as s= :(1q.. ~:lA.,
[

~ms'

.'LiI~,

,_L4: tl
!!""""!!'

"'~ 41,

"_oilll' I ~

""ih.;;!~',k i5, ~' dt.::'J~!fk:' constant ;j)f the me:di!.Hl1 beiw.e~I~

!B.t>Ca,

n.ai

C1r,~
VQ'~~'

~fu;!'~;illa_.g;s!,~, !~_e :>~.klll! o.f'iItc !pllltes,:and ,d;_ th:c ,dI5lEm~' iOOtw~~l tb~ 'p131t§.

]fi t~:!i,

,v~,~[J, 'the t::a.pacit{lr ~a'~ is ~W!il 00 of: c.lhe;t:.il.p.LIcitilr p3lr:iIiIl~rer;s ofEq_ 2.4,; If':=

QjC

~/,d

'Q = qd
itA

As: (1, .t .tmd,,4, ~rc:~on5b1l.nts fur ,81capa.CLfuT [J!Ii~rnl:;;

fflf!o,;I~ I~~~"'J'H;:[]tx'.

'IS

~"".a"'!
'PV~_I_~_U"':

<::il

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,V .led'

Dia~etHi~~r1g

irnq,

:2,S.

!Cbaractertrth2!ii af',eapaifito:r ~Jty

,MkrDpOOne

The o!Jtp"n IS 'Veliji' l\j)w amdl ;;It'I, iiIIrm,~lifle:r'I~ b!l.liU-:in :i'nsi'de :t.Ite! ntierup'~one (as~; Thl:: ,a:mp~~fi.(:r 'O.t U~~bcll!l: l mV ,(:;!!~t ,)0 dB 'bs~ 'I Vl a~.i:j, ~i::Iwn:d pte'l!lure, ufnd OF 1,~bilt.

ra

.~I~~

U~.!t'IOOut40d.B" ~ ,!::~~e:lJlett~, ~h to ,1:5 kH:.: rltJoT. :1::'1 ,dIt Ilii 'rc"equcru:,Y· riC40 g.QQd ~c, it !~, sed ,BS -"'lanJ;r.JH~ mrerO;ljlllonc, ~Jci~ w:h!ii;ih (lrtjimT u
,ilM, llflids,fiie.1!k~
i:!Jii't:!

'S];KIIt5A1!''~5 SD

.91:in
~~

:i:'ftIki'<o,ph.ut'le8 are l!::iJilim~di LDw" ,R:OO!.:l~: :~'%

~:eS~ed, li::W ~m.ererure ij_~d :uiil

~.e:ii'~~ I'FIi!:t~., [t5i n3.ci:lra~:resmililfl.~:n~queru:,)"

bs 31b~t iSUIOI) ij;r_

~tf;;ilty

Qmntdmectiona:i.

rm~~~

"'S:h, ~'bout ~00 MQ

(..;)

'.'1

,r = ,R'!) + &
w~ere'. r'" N~ :iJeS~!N'i~ i~(iltlrn~ R;.. = ~tL'::i!ldy :rcsi.5ba.nc~ in clInm for rm SIJUlIDi Vi!:Ij!!tioo gh~L~oo d'!i!e: till :~m!d :~m~1MCHt"WiU 'tJ_~~ :~.I'L'~,~

ilS :~gilttvt:

sr'=

'~II

~illuc)

Uii!! .'IA'l!kr~[!.:
,r~~. ":',,]~h
•~~" c'll ~ Co

of~

'!l{l~'

l·r2lpm5S iB.:i.nsd :rcSi.5W1iCi:: R~ ~.:s.:iim~

im.

4·

1
.. '£i;.11i .• ..L-~I If z:!' " 1oIiO,
....I"!t-.i:>ft.I

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_

,!bI .... '

~-'"

.Ell ,. J7!0,i:." ly ..., _,

-(m
~

~1)B.fft
a

~~.=
:: ~

~Y •. R.. ~.

I~~~'. ...-Io"n ....·.:...... I 1!10,. + ~ ~L== !C~_L ........ 1: .EI' R_' . :reS~~~L·!.,jil! l!!l~n. clin"cDl: l~ m. t1:i~ iiI'b~~ lof :5mu:in'1ltcWiR:

1',~lIi!:!on!l
'U.1':b..1

11 R

-= ,-~ -=_,1. __ --.. .. ., ,', ~o..-r... ". o!'i." ........ ,.. ., ... ." .. ff ... i ~, :1 ~~, nilll:"n :S!JlInu ,... '~~.T. •· ~......." ..".,............. i1...u.~ I . II...w; ,.. "'""_,

'~~ !nstu1IIUK'C!!U.S. eurren I'. ,1. ~ S

,Ii"en, by Eq,. ::t".

1'_.
t ,_

,m; ... ;, W ~'"""'.

.I!I' 1M,

."-If'

R + $;,E,

(2.7)

'0"

E. 1-1-,-('.' .6'1")1" ,R. .R'

r. ~,

~,I~
'B, ,.nilji _q,--"!~oo
,/"1'

('I-~'~
'. F( ) to
_,-,

(2.B)

i!il,)' 'j;, ",,,",_ . 9nOW-S

'vCt'Jlil,8e 'Wben
'!l.CJ(i5l3

iiI_C,ros:s

ti:hc Iclid

:rs propcm11iJf12i1
,~.,~Ll. -

t........ .., ii:llilll8,1: i".... _I~a~IIlII!O' .'-I. _.,

- .. ". ..~ -. _li~ ·, - ..~~ " 1.111, . CllrreIl.l' it1l1i1 IlAO'n'cC:t.... iClllI!-l'-l~ m

iIihc
,-

~~ ···-·,r~r.~····· .... ilINllI,lJM ruld ~1!ri~ .. 'INrol'iAi'l'iunLiJ '00 . __ ' [f;iI,D'eSswe i£j~LJ$C::S~ '~' ~IW::S,

iIilJt 't'lreSS!il~ F ._. and ~ 1. irn::n:EI~

,c!hanse

i!l! 'resjs.ta:rnoe ~~) of ~

\\;;u'ii~tro!1ItiS, ditlc ..
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ro s~
•••

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lIod

'c1IJ~ output '¥Dl~-e

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OO~LJ~,

'Cha~5-t]'f;5i

$rmfth,re, V-eJY :b.igh~ Th~

'I V
_

~-i"i
~"-!IiP~L!

of-Eli cll..ilOOn ml~ij~

]~ B'bmrt ,ZI[l;,[IB, IiK:low

~I,ll~

~'5:--"'i' ~~~,

]'iIlII'i, mV'I; l_ • _ I"

IJ~

~W"!O~ getle:[iiI~

P!'dtki,

,Poo~, RlmdOIT!. \Il!r;l~~ki~!!lIf r~i_~!:!oo of

(:~~]!

,Il CQruiBUOUS

hl.s5:;

~ :H!~~JLfie (:,onttnt ,i~ ...'In ~oru~ ~ (Sr)i is a:~i'Y :i~;i!n peKE! UI Yge 1Of.:st1:.llidy ue:!lis~e
iJ'i c

1&'4,_ ,A.ilm.,

!C--"8Iibc[J,

rea.s-oe S: tb e dj:t1:o11l j'ij)t'j"

,Br.YIulc!;I,have

::Ii

'i!~~iy

' 0' :!;I~~k'to, ~Cih

illllli45i ....!lf~~~m!! :i'~ ~~i:; , ,R. D:I~,otl~n, ~s:ilJifi~e ,!Hde-t'o-f

(rtb~'

'l,!,ihicb '~~ Hm."'4:'!l(:r; (w,rm Uw' :[WLrt

~I~,ii

A tamrn microp,DOIJ.C; is; ,s~'b5~3.rmt~I,)" Q'rnrl!lidi~i;:ti~II;i.

Q ...~r:;HKl1

mgb 'RI2qI,!!ii'!l-CY~~

Hz 'il!II:s

'bt;!~,0IJi!j ,!Yl ,~I}gI~{if.,4W'

of'iifu::!ml'll-OO,~~ ,a~
'O~~

~~~

:U :is 3Ib (IUU, loCl!!).ri,

• h: ~~ ffii!:!~@[ID'i~iIi'~~)' ~I)' rlgj~, .. IH!; prnRC:' to 1iOOi~ ami! b~.t ~ :It is ~J dirn~[!5>jOM, .. CIJ:!i~ of rlJc: mk:r~'JjIlJi1e ~:sth_e ~,Q-~1: 'of: lIU ,00Mr

in

:lfI:iil:'J"lJ,pOO.rl~i.;; 'I.l:ii~~m:::si,

~rl'lf'dtJ'liiiI!I:
~'I$'!)~~Lm(;:!!,

[liL!lI:l 'rDI

~~oo~r!! ~T~'

~i.mLtcd, :fKq_:UII::nc,:!!' :1'3'1]8)::"

g~io

it is u.sc;W.1 only' in

1I::bs:

(:(IoffiID1!mic;;!~ki~~~

Gi; ·... 1

c ~ ~

L·

5: •

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::i

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:i!:

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71 ~
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c
~

1·1
~

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r
7-

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'=" ;r:

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Th""!lljMI'OtdiR~I""~:liIIi~,p':i~ID:IH:' hI lIill:: ~t, d~t1(!il 'i~:~ 'niiV, wlfiI:m 'iili.e ",uilJl~:d: !Jf: iiti mnmj~i::m:~DmlL1
iIJlll;;I)!J~
~" • ,,,,'~

mlill

~,ilJi 'iML'I¥.i to get iI.b"~

:5amK':'

CllIi'pIJ1;

'.....~!:!.Jj

.." -

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IUJIiiJ.c::r

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"21

h.!..-.,

coli, ~oo.!ii5ttoM 'Mtlil :m3,~t ~i1ll 'nlE :5fiI1iJiG~ 'ils; ClIlly ] 00 ,IiV~ Ca'[clii<Bhc; 'ill;: liiirocti,vlt]f 'Cit .Em dliK~i!OlD mi~'I.~~ •A '~'ic~ '.... "'110"' ........ ,1: 111 ll~Jui'i:; Le:<,

ii:I':l~iooi 'witb 00'1' 'foom, ime ,o,ptirnEl,m."

iliptiin'Uilil

b: rttiGrophom:", C:tI.\::llilisk' rtIit:ropIliJll~"5, dircclul,li~" illl ,mB jn

:~Gl

~Jlt ,Ilili~

:5. Th.ci

4, A m~lir:
'~!;!I]lJJ (iI

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'The: 'oow,t!fi'tC[I:

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will be ,~I:!}Jil;];u~,

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OL.~ sound as ~~d.", _he i.opt1t iiliJ_mOs.lgn:.-l~is. Cllneci!ll diis-oonuonJ, freqw.GmJ~J agd ~',d:i!'i~gqti~q!i, m:~a~~tt jj!.le! '00 mass ~t1d, eoru~~im~,~' ,~tY~i;;t,A[JJ~Ht1)Id'c' Of. OOi1-:U~~ ,~iS~t!fU~iiI w.lU. :te!>IJ~i, dLilf;!; t!J liicm,~ulJifit'(ntlit~ in ~be. f~lIi!1,1~~IC: neldi in

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j'

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9'1) iHeil'!.lr.i!"

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1Exam~!i!~ 1.'~II

less Qofpowe1' ,in Ille c:abJe

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= .lIOO>'W
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me

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be dt:ll'!if-,.

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~r.;etIO~

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;)"2,,

e,

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~r~et
to iihe

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ii!he higb,-:m:q,i:iI:ift~'!i,~.lil"(:m(~fS~, '
",t'

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00 '100 ~ 4\lO ~~

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O'Ii'ttle eone.type Sp~lktr

I~ Thl.': effit~rut:y ilJr 3, COlli:: 5~r,~ '!l,ui..!;: k!\1f" about S 1*1" cwt QfJ!Y. Th!il !poor' I!)ffiei~,y is d!.!Cl 'II), Ithe f-~et illiilt l,~' iiI~ iii d~i: IlHiIiil.toJ;" -DJi.d so Utc:~ tatl'S :ts ODniplCi~ ~h.I;:;cI:wct::fl t® low. ~~ti.;;: 'l\oad pr~tl!~ boy t:be Ia.rg~ v,u.iV..,

illli'rne ,of ili~ :u.nd .he, ihl'gh n;,eclJaniitiilil

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typr~ai ~o~'k.e,~,

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(clilited,'wooC(:u):[Ilr' ~I}W fu:~I!I;::liIdlC~,:and small $1,zJ;: ~il:i."lr (caUe(!, 'l'W--eeler:) f1;i~ ~igb "[~q;~ie.s UJ~ be de.:iigMdi_, 3 dB- l~,iiieiil,Cfi :res,~! ;[If iii 'typiM.!i, ~,~Ilik.§':i5 £rom 6IiI Hz to 2wl) Hz'., Lo-w-iiequ-c-ru;y 'M;iofA;lr ~J~rrs: ,'!!!1--"_I, 'lO~m,' 'W'iill g~ e -t' " f ' , lr.esponse'- up ,,'.oj) ":Ii'! 'I-I'" ,I'l'! ..... -'r.....-.- - - -- --'- ,---- - -ers "II. ~_""'mes __~_ i... ,1c~IiIC,I'I_C,)! " '- _, r.YV ,z, ,lJ'!i"-"_',~,IIJ~[J_q [we,.;.. --otxik:m.d lEi,e' !h~ber~'y
:uesptmse
t£i'

tilil k:Hz

00' ;::\'ll:1li

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IDilitofi'dDn ~1;!S-,>!5,~!"(;

N'M,·]ii!M:iln~~' ,(h:l.e! '00, :i:l,oo:-'l.jruf.otrni~' :(:)00

li!'!~ or arnp'iJi!'Ude'

~i_s:ro:niOllI ('!_P

iii, th~ rn:JgrI,;::~re 'dm;, &~Iy w ,a;bou~':IJ{l%J,

1~!Mty
!~I,:I~S;

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