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Scientists Discover Dielectron Charging of Water Nano-Droplet

June 28th, 2011

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News release 6/27/11 (This could be very good for the world if industry acts on it!)
Scientists have discovered fundamental steps of charging of nano-sized w ater droplets and unveiled the long-sought-after mechanism of hydrogen emission from irradiated w ater. Working together at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Tel Aviv University, scientists have discovered w hen the number of w ater molecules in a cluster exceeds 83, tw o excess electrons may attach to it forming dielectrons making it a doubly negatively charged nano droplet. Furthermore, the scientists found experimental and theoretical evidence that in droplets comprised of 105 molecules or more, the excess dielectrons participate in a w ater-splitting process resulting in the liberation of molecular hydrogen and formation of tw o solvated hydroxide anions. The results appear in the June 30 issue of the Journal of Physical Chemistry A.

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FIgure 1. - This image shows the surface attachment mode of two excess electrons to a water cluster (average diameter of close to 2nm) comprised of 105 molecules. The shown configuration was obtained from first-principles quantum simulations. The two wave functions each occupied by one excess electron, depicted in blue and green, are localized at opposite sides of the cluster and they are shown superimposed on the water molecules. The oxygens and hydrogens of the water molecules are represented by red and gray spheres, respectively. Credit: Uzi Landman/Georgia Tech

It has been know n since the early 1980s that w hile single electrons may attach to small w ater clusters containing as few as tw o molecules, only much larger clusters may attach more than single electrons. Size-selected, multiple-electron, negatively-charged w ater clusters have not been observed until now . Understanding the nature of excess electrons in w ater has captured the attention of scientists for more than half a century, and the hydrated electrons are know n to appear as important reagents in charge-induced aqueous reactions and molecular biological processes. Moreover, since the discovery in the early 1960s that the exposure of w ater to ionizing radiation causes the emission of gaseous molecular hydrogen, scientists have been puzzled by the mechanism underlying this process. After all, the bonds in the w ater molecules that hold the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atoms are very strong. The dielectron hydrogenevolution (DEHE) reaction, w hich produces hydrogen gas and hydroxide anions, may play a role in radiation-induced reactions w ith oxidized DNA that have been show n to underlie mutagenesis, cancer and other diseases. The attachment of multiple electrons to w ater droplets is controlled by a fine balancing act betw een the forces that bind the electrons to the polar w ater molecules and the strong repulsion betw een the negatively charged electrons, said Uzi Landman, Regents and Institute Professor of Physics, F.E. Callaw ay Chair and director of the Center for Computational Materials Science (CCMS) at Georgia Tech. Additionally, the binding of an electron to the cluster disturbs the equilibrium arrangements betw een the hydrogen-bonded w ater molecules and this too has to be counterbalanced by the attractive binding forces. To calculate the pattern and strength of single and tw o-electron charging of nano-size w ater droplets, w e developed and employed first-principles quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations that go w ell beyond any ones that have been used in this field, he added. Investigations on controlled size-selected clusters allow explorations of intrinsic properties of finite-sized material aggregates, as w ell as probing of the sizedependent evolution of materials properties from the molecular nano-scale to the condensed phase regime. In the 1980s Landman, together w ith senior research scientists in the CCMS Robert Barnett, the late Charles Cleveland and Joshua Jortner, professor of chemistry at Tel Aviv University, discovered that there are tw o w ays that single excess electrons can attach to w ater clusters one in w hich they bind to the surface of the w ater droplet, and the other w here they localize in a cavity in the interior of the droplet, as in the case of bulk w ater. Subsequently, Landman, Barnett and graduate student Harri-Pekka Kaukonen reported in 1992 on theoretical investigations concerning the attachment of tw o excess electrons to w ater clusters. They predicted that such double charging w ould occur only for sufficiently large nano-droplets. They also commented on the possible hydrogen evolution reaction. No other w ork on dielectron charging of w ater droplets has follow ed since. That is until recently, w hen Landman, now one of the w orld leaders in the area of cluster and nano science, and Barnett teamed up w ith Ori Chesnovsky, professor of chemistry, and research associate Rina Giniger at Tel Aviv University, in a joint project aimed at understanding the process of dielectron charging of w ater clusters and the mechanism of the ensuing reaction w hich has not been observed previously in experiments on w ater droplets. Using large-scale, state-ofthe-art first-principles dynamic simulations, developed at the CCMS, w ith all valence and excess electrons treated quantum mechanically and equipped w ith a new ly constructed high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the researchers unveiled the intricate physical processes that govern the fundamental dielectron charging processes of microscopic w ater droplets and the detailed mechanism of the w ater-splitting reaction induced by double charging.

Figure 2. - This image shows the internal attachment mode of two electrons to a water cluster (average diameter of close to 2nm) comprised of 105 molecules. The shown configuration was obtained from first-principles quantum simulations. The wave function of the two excess electrons is depicted in pink and it is shown superimposed on the water molecules of the cluster. The compact dielectron distribution is localized in a hydration cavity in the interior of the cluster. The configuration shown here corresponds to the start of the dielectron hydrogenevolution reaction. The protons of the two reacting neighboring water molecules, located approximately in the middle of the figure, are depicted by smaller blue spheres. Together with the dielectron these protons would form, in the course of the reaction, a hydrogen molecule. The oxygens and hydrogens of the water molecules are represented by red and gray spheres, respectively. Credit: Uzi Landman/Georgia Tech

The mass spectrometric measurements, performed at Tel Aviv, revealed that singly charged clusters w ere formed in the size range of six to more than a couple of hundred w ater molecules. How ever, for clusters containing more than a critical size of 83 molecules, doubly charged clusters w ith tw o attached excess electrons w ere detected for the first time. Most significantly, for clusters w ith 105 or more w ater molecules, the mass spectra provided direct evidence for the loss of a single hydrogen molecule from the doubly charged clusters.The theoretical analysis demonstrated tw o dominant attachment modes of dielectrons to w ater clusters. The first is a surface mode (SS), w here the tw o repelling electrons reside in antipodal sites on the surface of the cluster (see the tw o w ave functions, depicted in green and blue, in Figure 1). The second is another attachment mode w ith both electrons occupying a w ave function localized in a hydration cavity in the interior of the cluster the so-called II binding mode (see w ave function depicted in pink in Figure 2). W hile both dielectron attachment modes may be found for clusters w ith 105 molecules and larger ones, only the SS mode is stable for doubly charged smaller clusters. Moreover, starting from the II, internal cavity attachment mode in a cluster comprised of 105 w ater molecules, our quantum dynamical simulations show ed that the concerted approach of tw o protons from tw o neighboring w ater molecules located on the first shell of the internal hydration cavity, leads, in association w ith the cavity-localized excess dielectron (see Figure 2), to the formation of a hydrogen molecule. The tw o remnant hydroxide anions diffuse aw ay via a sequence of proton shuttle processes, ultimately solvating near the surface region of the cluster, w hile the hydrogen molecule evaporates, said Landman. W hats more, in addition to uncovering the microscopic reaction pathw ay, the mechanism w hich w e discovered requires initial proximity of the tw o reacting w ater molecules and the excess dielectron. This can happen only for the II internal cavity attachment mode. Consequently, the theory predicts, in agreement w ith the experiments, that the reaction w ould be impeded in clusters w ith less than 105 molecules w here the II mode is energetically highly improbable. Now , thats a nice consistency check on the theory, he added. As for future plans, Landman remarked, W hile I believe that our w ork sets methodological and conceptual benchmarks for studies in this area, there is a lot left to be done. For example, w hile our calculated values for the excess single electron detachment energies are found to be in quantitative agreement w ith photoelectron measurements in a broad range of w ater cluster sizes containing from 15 to 105 molecules providing a consistent interpretation of these measurements, w e w ould like to obtain experimental data on excess dielectron detachment energies to compare w ith our predicted values, he said. Additionally, w e w ould like to know more about the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of multiply charged w ater clusters. We also need to understand the temperature dependence of the dielectron attachment modes, the influence of metal impurities, and possibly get data from time-resolved measurements. The understanding that w e gained in this experiment about charge-induced w ater splitting may guide our research into artificial photosynthetic systems, as w ell as the mechanisms of certain bio-molecular processes and perhaps some atmospheric phenomena. You know , he added. We started w orking on excess electrons in w ater clusters quite early, in the 1980s close to 25 years ago. If w e are to make future progress in this area, it w ill have to happen faster than that. Source: http://w w w .gatech.edu/new sroom/release.html?nid=68567 Like 10 likes. Sign Up to see what your friends like.

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Hydrogen Fracturing Technology Overview Chart

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The large image below contains a view of the connections betw een the various elements of Meyers Hydrogen Fracturing technology. You may need to use your brow sers zoom-out function to see the w hole chart. Alternatively you can click on the image to load it in a more manageable w ay.

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Figure 1. Meyer's Hydrogen Fracturing Technology Overview Chart

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Mappings Between Meyers Hydrogen GMS Cards and Patent Schematics

June 22nd, 2011 The various card modules of Meyers Hydrogen GMS system maps to the patent schematics in the follow ing manner. I w ill list the cards in the fuctional order given in my earlier post: http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2011/06/22/stanley-meyer-international-patentw o92-07861/

Figure 4. - Voltage Amplitude Control Mapping to GMS Card UI

Figure 3. - Analog Voltage Generator Mapping to Accel Card UI

Figure 12. - Variable Pulse Frequency Generator to GMS Card UI

Figure 2. - Digital Control Means Circuit to GMS Card UI

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Figure 6. - Gated Pulse Frequency Generator Mapping to Water Cell Card UI

Figure 11. - Gas Feedback Control Circuit to GMS Card UI

Figure 7, 8 and 9. - PLL and Resonant Scanning Circuit mapping to GMS Card UI

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Stanley Meyer International Patent WO92-07861

June 22nd, 2011 Meyers International Patent W O92-07861 is a document that rises very nearly to the level of full technical disclosure w ith respect to his Hydrogen Gas Management System (GMS) and the sustained operation of the Electrical Polarization Process. You may obtain a copy of this patent from my server at URL: http://w w w .singularics.com/docs/meyers-W O9207861A1.pdf In figure 1 below , Meyer lays out his system in an overview w ith the follow ing coded block sections (listed below in sequence of operation).

Figure 1. - Hydrogen Gas Management System (GMS) Overview with VIC and Resonant Cavity

(Primary side of Tx) 1 Analog Voltage Generator Circuit (see circuit in Figure 3) 2 Adjustable Frequency Generator (see circuit in Figure 12) 3 Digital Control Means (see circuit in Figure 2) 4 Voltage Amplitude Control Circuit (see circuit in Figure 4) 5 Adjustable Gated Pulse Frequency Generator (see circuit in Figure 6) 6 Phase Lock Loop Circuit (see circuit in Figure 7) 7 Resonant Scanning Circuit (see circuit in Figure 8 ) 8 Cell Driver Circuit (see circuit in Figure 5) 9 TX1 (see circuit in Figure 10)

(Feedback from Tx) 10 TX3 (see circuit in Figure 10) 11 Pulse Indicator Circuit (see circuit in Figure 9)

(Feedback from Resonant Cavity) 12 Gas Pressure Sensor (see Resonant Cavity in Figure 10) 13 Gas Feedback Control Circuit (see circuit in Figure 11)

(Secondary side of Tx) 14 TX2 (see circuit in Figure 10) 15 TX5 (see circuit in Figure 10) to B (connection to ground on Vss terminal o 16 Resonant Cavity 17 B+ to TX4 18 Blocking Diode

I have included below the referenced circuits listed above. You w ill also notice that Meyer uses letters A, B, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M and M1 to indicate signal interchange (communication) betw een the various circuit elements. I refer to these as COM stages in w hat follow s (eg. COM A, COM M1, etc.). The electrical energy for managing the w aveform and also driving the resonant cavity fuel cell is supplied by the Analog Voltage Generator (fig. 3).

Figure 3. - Analog Voltage Generator

The Hydrogen GMS also has the ability to apply dynamically generated voltage pressures to the collector of the FET that drives the VIC TX1. This functionality is provided by the Voltage Amplitude Control Circuit (fig. 4) and w hose logic is managed by the Digital Control Means Circuit (fig. 2).

Figure 4. - Voltage Amplitude Control Circuit

W ith access to battery pow er and w ith the system turned on, the first thing Meyers Hydrogen GMS must do is to determine the resonant frequency for the resonant cavity. This job is performed by the Variable Pulse Frequency Generator (fig. 12). It accomplishes this by interpreting a resistor based impedance matching netw ork indicated in the Pulse Frequency Control section of the schematic.

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Figure 12. - Variable Pulse Frequency Generator

The non-gated resonant frequency is then setup by the Digital Control Means circuit (fig. 2) through COM G.

Figure 2. - Digital Control Means

The Digital Control Means circuit has tw o main jobs: 1) Sets the required gate frequency given the degree to w hich the throttle is engaged. A high throttle setting corresponds to a shorter gate frequency w hich yields higher fuel gas output to accommodate the higher energy requirements of acceleration. This throttle dependent gate frequency is communicated to the Adjustable Gated Pulse Frequency circuit (fig. 6) through COM M1. 2) Sets the DC voltage in the Voltage Amplitude Control circuit (fig. 4) through COM M. The variable DC voltage applied to VIC TX1 servers as a further control for governing the magnitude of the high voltage pulses that the resonant cavity experiences.

Figure 6. - Adjustable Gated Pulse Frequency Generator

The Adjustable Gated Pulse Frequency Generator (fig. 6) produces the required gate frequency and combines it w ith the resonant frequency in real-time w hich it then sends to a Phase Lock Loop Circuit (fig. 7) through COM A. The Adjustable Gated Pulse Frequency Generator also adds one further tuning parameter to the gate frequency requirement that of fuel gas pressure in the resonant cavity enclosure. The system uses gas pressure maintenance as part of the equation for calculating required gate frequency and DC voltage amplitudes that w ill enable the cell to keep up w ith the fuel demands of the engine. Gas pressure is constantly monitored by a gas pressure sensor w hich sends data to the Adjustable Gated Pulse Frequency Generator (fig. 6) through the Gas Feedback Control Circuit (fig.11) by w ay of COM K.

Figure 11. - Gas Feedback Control

In general, a phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that tries to generate an output signal w hose phase is related to the phase of the input reference signal. It is an electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector. This circuit compares the phase of the input signal (COM A from the Adjustable Gated Pulse Frequency Generator, fig. 6) w ith the phase of the signal derived from its output oscillator (Cell Driver Circuit, fig. 5). Note that the system can monitor the PLL output oscillator by w ay of COM H received from the Pulse Indicator Circuit (fig. 9).

Figure 7. - Phase Lock Loop

The circuits in figures 7 and 8 interchange through COMs E, F and L.

Figure 7. - Resonant Frequency Scanning Circuit

The circuit then adjusts the frequency of its output oscillator to keep the phases matched. The signal from the phase detector is used to control the oscillator in a feedback loop.

Figure 9. - Pulse Indicator Circuit

Frequency is the derivative of phase. Keeping the input and output phase in lock step implies keeping the input and output frequencies in lock step. Consequently, a phase-locked loop can track an input frequency, or it can generate a frequency that is a multiple of the input frequency. This latter property is used by Meyers GMS computer for resonant frequency synthesis. The tuned resonant frequency output of this sub-system is then sent to the Cell Driver Circuit.

Figure 5. - Cell Driver Circuit

This resulting energization is applied to the VIC to create the physical gas production effects in the resonant cavity enclosure.

Figure 10. - Voltage Intensifier Circuit

I have reproduced the full text of this patent below as it is very instructive.

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Control and Driver Circuits for a Hydrogen Gas Fuel Producing Cell The invention relates to electrical circuit systems useful in the operation of a w ater fuel cell including a w ater capacitor/resonant cavity for the production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas, such as that described in my United States Letter Patent No. 4,936,961, Method for the production of a Fuel Gas, issued on June 26, 1990. In my aforesaid Letters Patent for a method for the production of a fuel gas, voltage pulses applied to the plates of a w ater capacitor tune into the dielectric properties of the w ater and attenuate the electrical forces betw een the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the molecule. The attenuation of the electrical forces results in a change in the molecular electrical forces results in a change in the molecular forces of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. W hen resonance is achieved, the atomic bond of the molecule is broken, and the atoms of the molecule disassociate. At resonance, the current (amp) draw from a pow er source to the w ater is minimized and the voltage across the w ater capacitor increases. Electron flow is not permitted (except at the minimum, corresponding to leakage resulting from the residual conductive properties of w ater). For the process to continue, how ever, a resonant condition must be maintained. Because of the electrical polarity of the w ater molecule, the fields produced in the w ater capacitor respectively attract and repel the opposite and like charges in the molecule, and the forces eventually achieved at resonance are such that the strength of the covalent bonding forces in the w ater molecule (w hich are normally in an electron sharing mode) disassociate. Upon disassociation, the formerly shared bonding electrons migrate to the hydrogen nuclei, and both the hydrogen and oxygen revert to the net zero electrical charge. The atoms are released from the w ater as a gas mixture. In the invention herein, a control circuit for a resonant cavity w ater capacitor cell utilized for the production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas is provided. The circuit includes an isolation means such as a transformer having a ferromagnetic, ceramic or other electromagnetic material core and having one side of a secondary coil connected in series w ith a high speed sw itching diode to one plate of the w ater capacitor of the resonant cavity and the other side of the w ater capacitor to form a closed loop electronic circuit utilizing the dielectric properties of w ater as part of the electronic resonant circuit. The primary coil of the isolation transformer is connected to a pulse generation means. The secondary coil of the transformer may include segments that form resonant charging choke circuits in series w ith the w ater capacitor plates. In the pulse generation means, an adjustable first, resonant frequency generator and a second gated pulse pulse frequency generator are provided. A gate pulse controls the number of of pulses produced by the resonant frequency generator sent to the primary coil during a period determined by the gate frequency of the second pulse generator. The invention also includes a means for sensing the occurrence of a resonant condition in the w ater capacitor/resonant cavity, w hich w hen a ferromagnetic or electromagnetic core is used, may be a pickup coil on the transformer coil. The sensing means is interconnected to a scanning circuit and phase lock loop circuit, w hereby the pulsing frequency to the primary coil of the transformer is maintained at a sensed frequency corresponding to the resonant condition in the w ater capacitor. Control means are provided in the circuit for adjusting the amplitude of a pulsing cycle sent to the primary coil and for maintaining the frequency of the pulsing cycle at a constant frequency regardless of pulse amplitude. In addition, the gated pulse frequency generator may be operatively interconnected w ith a sensor that monitors the rate of gas production from the cell and controls the number of pulses from the resonant frequency generator sent to the cell in a gated frequency in a correspondence w ith the rate of gas production. The sensor may be a gas pressure sensor in an enclosed w ater capacitor resonant cavity w hich also includes a gas outlet. The gas pressure sensor is operatively connected to the circuit to determine the rate of gas production w ith respect to ambient gas pressure in the w ater capacitor enclosure. Thus, an omnibus control circuit and its discrete elements for maintaining and controlling the resonance and other aspects of the release of gas from a resonant cavity w ater cell is described herein and illustrated in the draw ings w hich depict the follow ing: Figure 1 is a block diagram of an overall control circuit show ing the interrelationship of sub-circuits, the pulsing core/resonant circuit and the w ater capacitor resonant cavity. Figure 2 show s a type of digital control means for regulating the ultimate rate of gas production as determined by an external input. (Such a control means w ould correspond, for example, to the accelerator in an automobile or a building thermostat control.) Figure 3 show s an analog voltage generator. Figure 4 is a voltage amplitude control circuit interconnected w ith the voltage generator and one side of the primary coil of the pulsing core. Figure 5 is the cell driver circuit that is connected w ith the opposite side of the primary coil of the pulsing core. Figure 6, 7, 8 and 9 relate to the pulsing control means including a gated pulse frequency generator. (Figure 6); a phase lock circuit (Figure 7); a resonant scanning circuit (Figure 8); and the pulse indicator circuit (Figure 9) that control pulses transmitted to the resonant cavity/w ater fuel cell capacitor Figure 10 show s the pulsing core and the voltage intensifier circuit that is the interface betw een the control circuit and the resonant cavity. Figure 11 is a gas feedback control circuit. Figure 12 is an adjustable frequency generator circuit. The circuits are operatively interconnected as show n in Figure 1 and to the pulsing core voltage intensifier circuit of Figure 10, w hich, inter alia, electrically isolates the w ater capacitor so that it becomes an electrically isolated cavity for the processing of w ater in accordance w ith its dielectric resonance properties. By reason of the isolation, pow er consumption in the control and driving circuits is minimized w hen resonance occurs; and current demand is minimized as voltage is maximized in the gas production mode of the w ater capacitor/fuel cell. The reference letters appearing in the Figures, A, B, C, D, E, etc., to M and M1 show , w ith respect to each separate circuit depicted, the point at w hich a connection in that circuit is made to a companion or interrelated circuit. In the invention, the w ater capacitor is subjected to a duty pulse w hich builds up in the resonant changing choke coils and then collapses. This occurrence permits a unipolar pulse to be applied to the fuel capacitor. W hen a resonant condition of the circuit is locked-in by the circuit, amp leakage is held to a minimum as the voltage w hich creates the dielectric field tends to infinity. Thus, w hen high voltage is detected upon resonance, the phase lock loop circuit that controls the cell driver circuit maintains the resonance at the detected (or sensed) frequency. The resonance of the w ater capacitor cell is affected by the volume of w ater in the cell. The resonance of any given volume of w ater maintained in the w ater capacitor cell is also affected by contaminants in the w ater w hich act as a damper. For example, at an applied potential difference of 2000 to 5000 volts to the cell, an amp spike or surge may be caused by in consistencies in w ater characteristics that cause an out-of-resonance condition w hich is remedied instantaneously by the control circuits. In the invention, the adjustable frequency generator (Figure 12) tunes into the resonant condition of the circuit including the w ater cell and the w ater therein. The generator has a frequency capability of 0 to 10 KHz and tunes into resonance typically at a frequency of 5 KHz in a typical 3.0 inch w ater capacitor formed of a 0.5 inch rod enclosed w ithin a 0.75 inch inside diameter cylinder. At start up, in this example, current draw through the w ater cell w ill measure about 25 milliamp; how ever, w hen the circuit finds a tuned resonant condition, current drops to a 1 2 milliamp minimum leakage condition. The voltage to the capacitor w ater cell increases according to the turns of the w inding and size of the coils, as in a typical transformer circuit. For example, if 12 volts are sent to the primary coil of the pulsing core and the secondary coil resonant charging choke ratio is 30 to 1, then 360 volts are sent to the capacitor w ater cell. Turns are a design variable that control the voltage of the unipolar pulses sent to the capacitor. The high speed sw itching diode show n in Figure 10 prevents charge leakage from the charged w ater in the w ater capacitor cavity, and the w ater capacitor as an overall capacitor circuit element, i.e., the pulse and charge status of the w ater/capacitor never pass through an arbitrary ground. The pulse to the w ater capacitor is alw ays unipolar. The w ater capacitor is electrically isolated from the control, input and driver circuits by the electromagnetic coupling through the core. The sw itching diode in the VIC circuit (Figure 10) performs several functions in the pulsing. The diode is an electronic sw itch that determines the generation and collapse of an electromagnetic field to permit the resonant charging choke(s) to double the applied frequency and also allow s the pulse to be sent to the resonant cavity w ithout discharging the capacitor therein. The diode, of course, is selected in accordance w ith the maximum voltage encountered in the pulsing circuit. A 600 PIV fast sw itching diode, such as an NVR 1550 high speed sw itching diode, has been found to be useful in the circuit herein. The VIC circuit of Figure 10 also includes a ferromagnetic or ceramic ferromagnetic pulsing core capable of producing electromagnetic flux lines in response to an electrical pulse input. The flux lines equally affect the secondary coil and the resonant charging choke w indings. Preferably, the core is a closed loop construction. The effect of the core is to isolate the w ater capacitor and to prevent the pulsing signal from going below an arbitrary ground and to maintain the charge of the already charged w ater and w ater capacitor. In the pulsing core, the coils are preferably w ound in the same direction to maximize the additive effect of the electromagnetic field therein. The magnetic field of the pulsing core is in synchronization w ith the pulse input to the primary coil. The potential from the secondary coil is introduced to the resonant charging choke(s) series circuit elements w hich are subjected to the same synchronous applied electromagnetic field, simultaneously w ith the primary pulse. W hen resonance occurs, control of the gas output is achieved by varying voltage amplitude or varying the time of duty gate cycle. The transformer core is a pulse frequency doubler. In a figurative explanation of the w orkings of the fuel gas generator w ater capacitor cell, w hen a w ater molecule is hit by a pulse, electron time share is affected, and the molecule is charged. W hen the time of the duty cycle is changed, the number of pulses that hit the molecules in the fuel cell is correspondingly modified. More hits results in a greater rate of molecular disassociation. W ith references to the overall circuit of Figure 1, Figure 3 receives a digital input signal, and Figure 4 depicts the control means that directs 0-12 volts across the primary coil of the pulsing core. Depending upon designs parameters of primary coil voltage and other factors relevant to core design, the secondary coil of the pulsing core can be set up for a predetermined maximum, such as 2000 volts. Figure 5, the cell driver circuit, allow s a gated pulse to be varied in a direct relation to voltage amplitude. As noted above, the circuit of Figure 6 produces a gate pulse frequency. The gate pulse is superimposed over the resonant frequency pulse to create a duty cycle that determines the number of discrete pulses sent to the primary coil. For example, assuming a resonant pulse of 5 KHz, a 0.5 Hz gate pulse may be superimposed over the 5 KHz pulse to provide 2500 discrete pulses in a 50% duty cycle per Hz. The relationship of resonant pulse to the gate pulse is determined by conventional signal addition/subtraction techniques. Figure 7, a phase lock loop, allow s pulse frequency to be maintained at a predetermined resonant condition sensed by the circuit. Together, the circuits of Figures 7 and 8 determine an output signal to the pulsing core until the peak voltage signal sensed at resonance is achieved. A resonant condition occurs w hen the pulse frequency and the voltage input attenuates the covalent bonding forces of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the w ater molecule. W hen this occurs, amp leakage through the w ater capacitor is minimized. The tendency of voltage to maximize at resonance increases the force of the electric potential applied to the w ater molecules, w hich ultimately disassociate into atoms. Because resonances of different w aters, w ater volumes, and capacitor cells vary, the resonant scanning circuit of Figure 8 is useful. The scanning circuit of Figure 8 scans frequency from high to low to low to high repeating until a signal lock is determined. The ferromagnetic core of the voltage intensifier circuit transformer suppresses electron surge in an out-of-resonance condition of the fuel cell. In an example, the circuit scans at frequencies from 0 Hz to 10 KHz to 0 Hz. In w ater having contaminants in the range of of 1 ppm to 20 ppm, a 20% variance in resonant frequency is encountered. Depending on w ater flow rate into fuel cell, the nominal variance range is about 8 to 10%. For example, iron in w ell w ater affects the status of molecular disassociation. Also, at a resonant condition harmonic effects occur. In a typical operation of the cell w ith a representative w ater capacitor described below , at a frequency of about 5 KHz at unipolar pulses from 0 to 650 volts at a sensed resonant condition into the resonant cavity, conversion of about 5 gallons of w ater per hour into a fuel gas w ill occur on average. To increase the rate, multiple resonant cavities can be used and/or the surfaces of the w ater capacitor can be increased, how ever, the w ater capacitor cell is preferable small in scale. A typical w ater capacitor may be formed from a 0.5 inch in diameter stainless steel rod and a 0.75 inch inside diameter cylinder that together extend concentrically about 3.0 inches w ith respect to each other. Shape and size of the resonant cavity may vary. Larger resonant cavities and higher rates of consumption of w ater in the conversion process require higher frequencies such as up to 50 KHz and above. The pulsing rate, to sustain such high rates of conversion must be correspondingly increased. From the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment, other variations and modifications of the system disclosed w ill be evident to those of skill in the art. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A control circuit for a resonant cavity w ater capacitor cell utilized for the production of hydrogen containing fuel gas including an isolation transformer including a ferromagnetic core and having one side of a secondary coil connected in series w ith a high speed sw itching diode to one plate of the w ater capacitor of the resonant cavity and the other side of the secondary coil connected to the other plate of the w ater capacitor to form a closed loop electronic loop circuit utilizing the dielectric properties of w ater as part of the electronic circuit and a primary coil connected to a pulse generation means. 2. The circuit of Claim 1 in w hich the secondary coil includes segments that form a resonant charging choke circuit in series w ith the w ater capacitor. 3. The circuit of Claim 1 in w hich the pulse generation means includes an adjustable first frequency generator and a second gated pulse frequency generator w hich controls the number of pulses produced by the first frequency generator sent to the primary coil during a period determined by the gate frequency of the second pulse generator. 4. The circuit of Claim 1 further including a means for sensing the occurrence of a resonant condition in the w ater capacitor of the resonant cavity. 5. The circuit of Claim 4 in w hich the means for sensing is a pickup coil on the ferromagnetic core of the transformer. 6. The circuit of Claim 4 of Claim 5 in w hich the sensing means is interconnected to a scanning circuit and a phase lock loop circuit, w hereby the pulsing frequency to the primary coil of the transformer is maintained at a sensed frequency corresponding to a resonant condition in the w ater capacitor. 7. The circuit of Claim 1 including means for adjusting the amplitude of a pulsing cycle sent to the primary coil. 8. The circuit of Claim 6 including further means for maintaining the frequency of the pulsing cycle at a constant frequency regardless of pulse amplitude. 9. The circuit of Claim 3 in w hich the gated pulse frequency generator is operatively interconnected w ith a sensor that monitors the rate of gas production from the cell and controls the number of pulses to the cell in a gated frequency in a correspondence w ith the rate of gas production. 10. The circuit of Claim 7 or Claim 8 or Claim 9 further including a gas pressure sensor in an enclosed w ater capacitor resonant cavity w hich also includes a gas outlet, w hich gas pressure sensor is operatively connected to the circuit to determine the rate of gas production w ith respect to ambient gas pressure in the w ater capacitor enclosure. 11. The methods and apparatus as substantially described herein. .:. Like Sign Up to see what your friends like.

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Biographical Information on WFC Inventor Stanley Meyer

June 20th, 2011

The following was translated from a French web-site. Some of the translations are not quite perfect but the biographical information about Stanley Meyer is very interesting.
Inventor Stanley Meyer Being a great electrical engineering and experimenter, Stanley Meyer w orked out a method for the fusion of hydrogen at ambient temperature using w ater. Meyer w as the author of various patents in oceanography, cardiac monitoring and banking systems and hydrogen fuel source production w ith 42 patents in these technologies including 10 in Canada. By the beginning of 1989, Meyer had apparently receiving preferential treatment at the patent office. Meyers patents w here often approved through the U.S. Patent Office w ithin 8 months w hich is an unusually short period of time. His patents w ould often float to the top of a queue of more then 200,000 applications. This w ould seem to indicate that the patent examiners thought Meyers technology w as significant. It is also w orth noting that the majority of Meyers patents met compliance w ith section 101, w here the issuance of the patent depends on a successful demonstration of the disclosed invention. Meyer w orked w ith the Battelle Foundation in Ohio. He also w orked on the development of the Gemini project w ith NASA and on the energy system for the EBED Star Wars project. Meyer also w orked for number of international organizations that manufacture high-tech equipment. Meyer w as an entrepreneur. Before embarking on the w ater fuel chapter of his life, Meyer built a business w ith his brother Stephan Meyer (a former electrical engineer in the USAF). Together they built a multi-million dollar operation in the trucking parts business. Now adays, the W.F.C. International does not have any official representatives, but, in spite of controversies in the United Kingdom, members of the Parliament and scientists of the Ministry for Defense still study the Meyers technology. It remains obvious to anyone w ho understands w hat Meyer accomplished the incredible impact that this technology w ill have to industry and governments in the coming years. He w as the sole financier of his scientific w ork. He w as recognized and rew arded by national and international organizations, and w as elected inventor of the year in the American W hos W ho of 1993. Subsequently, Meyer received substantial

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support from the governments of Canada, of England, and Sw eden.

THE DEATH OF STANLEY MEYER March 21, 1998, Meyer had dined in a restaurant in Grove City in the company of other people. He w as there discussing and celebrating w ith his family (and some business associates), the new ly confirmed plans to build a $50 million research center in Grove City. W hen suddenly, Meyer abruptly got up from his chair stating that he had been poisoned. He then, in a panic, ran tow ards his car in the parking lot w here he collapsed and died. His family, his w ife Marylin, her tw in brother Stefen Foster, another brother Henry and her sister Barbara Feret w ith a number of nephew s and nieces w ere w itnesses to this event. Stan did not have any children of his ow n. The conclusions developed in Meyers first autopsy indicated that his death w as due to an arterial disease, but as this disease very seldom leads to this type of death, another more rigorous toxicological screening w as ordered. The results of this second screening, performed in early April of 1998, has never been communicated publicly. Inge and Adolf Schneider of the NET new spaper had returned from a visit w ith Meyer in September of 1997. Stanley had told them that he had recently signed contracts w ith American firms to market his car. Jerry Decker learned from Meyer in a meeting in Denver that his transportation product w as nearly ready for the mass market. Meyer w as 57 years old, in good health and full of energy at the time of his death.

SHORT HISTORY OF W ATER ENGINES Engines that run on w ater are actually pow ered on the hydrogen gas that w ater contains. It is useful to place Meyers w ork into historical context. The theory concerning the energy of w ater goes back to 120 years. In 1874, Jules Verne had this vision. He said, the coal of the future providing w ithout limits light and heat at a point such as one had never dreamed . At the same time, August Otto, the father of the modern engine w ith internal combustion experimented w ith hydrogen w hich he preferred over abominable oil . Arrhenius, the Scandinavian physicist, posed the molecular theory w hich governs the molecular dissociation that Meyer rediscovered for himself and upon w hich the W FC technology is based. The British Admiralty tried out its first engine w ith w ater in the 1930s, under the direction of engineer Richmond Head. During the w ar, the oxyhydrogen gases that w ater contains w as w idely used. In the 1950s, British Petroleum also invested heavily in this idea. At around 1970, Channel Islands spoke much about a Morris Mini Minor running on w ater, but w hich, after great promises of financing for its marketing, quickly fell out of memory. A an Eastern European scientist, Yull Brow n, developed an apparatus w hose fuel is w ater. In the 1970s, the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales w as informed of the experimentation of a car being driven by oxyhydrogen gases (derived from w ater). The engine of this car consumed only 3.78 liters of w ater to travel 1600km. Recently, a young Californian conceived of a simple and cheap system for cars. After being w arned by DoE not to try to market the system, he put his plans in the public domain. His system produced as much as 1000 times the energy of current systems and produced the fuel on-demand. The Royal Society examined an engine w hose effectiveness is multiplied by a factor from 4 to 6. An official communication w as envisaged. Other w ork, like that of Roger Billings or the hyper-car of Amory Lovins, converts gas into electricity. Admiral Griffin tried in vain to improve the w ater car of Dr. Henry Cornish and entered into a liaison w ith Meyer and attended in person one of Meyers demonstrations. W FC w ould provide the ability to completely eliminate the hydrocarbon fuels currently in use by the w orlds industrial base. The technology w ould allow the modernization of the internal combustion engine and w ould provide an ecologically harmonious, clean, pow erful fuel standard for the future. The electronics that make Meyers electrical polarization effect possible injection of the internal combustion engines w ith average an electronic control by a chip simple and not very. For L automobile, a kit W.F.C. is composed of injectors controlled by chips and that L one can install in less D one hour by screw ing them in the holes of the candles. In the case of the diesels, planes At a cost estimated at $1500, the process of Meyer N expensive is compared w ith that ($25.000) not required by L adaptation of the vehicles to the battery hydrogen. The latter, based on a membrane w ith exchange of particles N is thus not a suitable technology for the countries in the process of development. Moreover, there N is not D industry w hich manufactures these batteries. Meyer also invented autonomous systems for the domestic heating, and industry, like for the production of hot w ater and vapour. Other repercussions of the application of the principle of W.F.C. desalination of L sea w ater, w aste processing, purification of w ater (Virus and bacteria being killed by the frequency and heat) and modules treating oxides and regenerating L air.

EXCEPTIONAL CHARACTER OF PROJECT W.F.C. It is not a question of traditional electrolysis: there is no electrolyte, not discernible w ear of electrode, not energy w asted in heat. In fact, the recipient of L supplied superabundant energy in L w ater is the public health. Indeed, according to the US National Board of Standards, w ater contains 2,5 times more energy than oil. In the W.F.C. of Meyer, w ater is dissociated out of gas w ith average D an electric tension produced by impulses of D.C. current to high voltage (20 to 40 kV) at the frequency of 10-15 kHz (of other Internet sources give 50 MHz and of less 1mA. Inductance, in series w ith the Capacity starts resonances inside the molecule. Those cause to break the covalent bonds betw een the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, by using very little energy. The tw o gases thus separated remain it, until a sufficient energy is available to again recombine them in the form of w ater. These principal points are show n to create a tension on the level of the particle. C is really the oscillation of the particle w hich plays a role of generator of energy. One can reach a considerable energy, exceeding by far that of the simple combustion of hydrogen. Industrial burners w ere designed to function to the million BTU/h. According to calculations, the mass of ZPE is about 10 X 1093 gm per cm 3. L energy w hich is contained there is equivalent to 2,5 million BTU per gallon of w ater (3,78 L in the USA). The vacuum inside the molecule is grouillant of energy, as one already know s it Since 1873 w ith James Clerk Maxw ell and even since thousands of years in eastern sciences and the tradition. The w ater molecule is L intermediate w hich makes it possible to draw from ether.

ATTEMPTS AT PROMOTION OF W.F.C. IN the United Kingdom the admiral Griffin, w as one of the first to try to obtain a scientific Credibility and an industrial financing for a private initiative D experimentation of technology W.F.C. As a controller of Navy, and w ith the number of the creators of Royal modern Navy, it w as responsible, of the installation of the plan of development of the technique based on hydrogen. It S w as in charge of the maritime applications of W.F.C. and had planned a conversion of the Fleet. At the first stage of its countryside, the goal w as to convince the English soldiers and the representatives of industry, that technology W.F.C. functions, and that it w as possible to treat w ith Meyer, this one having D elsew here given its agreement for a one year experimentation envisaged on a boat fed to w ater, w ith the docks St Catherine in London. For the scientific articles and the voyages of the experts at W.F.C., the Admiral spent personally 30.000 , and Sebastian of Ferranti 10.000 (among other sources of financing.) During 6 years, seeking supports and engagements, the Admiral Griffin contacted w ithout success more than 100 departments of the government and part of the large-scale industries before finding finally a sleeping partner financial. The w ay in w hich L admiral led his countryside w as subjected to some criticisms relating to the feasibility and the claims of the initial plan. How ever, this countryside implies that the Establishment know s the w ork of Meyer w ell. The agency of search of Defence and MoD show ed their interest in the development of the activities of Meyer. An exploitation of allied Meyer technology to a certain ethics, excluding the military applications, w ould receive a greater international support. C is tow ards geographical areas w here exist major needs, and for more sizeable goals, such as the provisioning of drinking w ater and the maintenance of essential agriculture, it w ould be necessary to engage.

INITIATIVES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY W.F.C. Meyer w as engaged in the constitution of a netw ork of concessions, and it developed specific applications under authorisation of licence. It is said that contracts of development of the type Proof of bearing Concept on more than $200 M are in hand w ith great industrial groups. NASA and USAF have a random access to the technology of Meyer because its activities are subjected to the law on the national security in the USA At the time of its last visit at Meyer, the Admiral could observe the development of w ork on a certain active number of engines of the mow ers car carried to the large Diesel trains, w hile passing by the ordinary tractors. One also mentions in the bulletin of W.F.C. of other initiatives coming from other countries, and, in America, a sales netw ork is designed to adapt the systems by modernising the existing vehicles. There w ere regular seminars on the investments, and Meyer employed teams of specialists. Search w as made to establish centers w ith the outside of America. One quoted the United Kingdom (jusqu w ith the death of L Admiral) as w ell as Sw eden and the Ukraine. Meyer makes a point much of not increasing the risks of concentration of any L activity in only one center. Many organisations, w ell know n like the MITI w ith Japan and ETZ in Germany tried, in vain to reproduce w ork of Meyer It is said that Meyer did not produce the scientific articles agreeing w ith the review s of his pars, w hich explains w hy the reports/ratios on its w ork w ere limited. Being given resistance to the NET in general and the natural competition in the fields of energy, it is comprehensible. The US patents w ere granted under the clause of an equivalent practical application , according to Meyer, w ith tests independentp> There w ere controversies in the media about its w ork but not yet D inquires true and complete. Meyer w ho had found that an article published in New Energy New s w as too partial and deformed asked that it be published by it another. Equipments of marketing are miserly details about the implied processes. One tried several times to as w ell buy Meyer in his w ork as personally, and it w as victim of provocations. It is easy to include/understand its prudence, because it seems to w ait before acting, until diffuses the idea w idely that w ater can be containing hydrocarbon. It rather projects to control its technology for S to ensure that its invention w ill deal w ith the good of humanity. There is a video of 1993 of ISNE, presented by INE. Fin at the end of 1995, a company of English television, INCA returned visit w ith W.F.C. L emission Ca goes w ith w ater , commented by Arthur A. Clarke w as follow ed many requests for information, and visits of Organisations the such DRA (Ministry for Defence) and prestigious University. A member of the Room of Common also contacted W.F.C. and follow s his progress. Stanley Meyer S w as returned to England and in certain countries of Europe in October 96. He had exposed to several industrialists the viability of technology W.F.C. many contracts Proof of Concept related to the fields of aviation, agriculture, of the domestic and industrial, transport by overland routes and maritime heating (in particular technology Hyperdrive w hich relate to primarily a submarine of point.)ARTICLES OF SCIENTIFIC AND UNIVERSITY NEW SPAPERS Here of many confirmations based on tests in governmental and university laboratories. 28 2nd IECEC Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, August 1993: demonstrations repeated in front of many w itnesses Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Documentation: utility of this process for aeronautics Ray Bachnak, Doctor of physics, Professor and President de Electronic Engineering Technology, Franklin University, Columbus, Ohio 1996: the circuit VIC must achieve the function envisaged Dr. T Nagypal, Professor at the University of Vienna, and Engineer consulting in Industry: but your theory functions the effectiveness is 300 % Rea O Neill, scientific Professor of technology, Institute of technology of Dublin, Ireland: it is a method undoubtedly different from the process of electrolysis traditional, it is a technology w hich w ill be able to provide to the vehicles an alternate fuel in a future close relation Admiral Sir Anthony Griffin, Controller of British Navy (in retirement), Perkins Report/ratio, 1993: the University of Sussex succeeded in producing hydrogen starting from a breadboard Installation of construction based on the circuits of Meyer Professor Robert Bailey, Mechanical Department of Engineering, University of State of Ohio, Grove City, in an article of the 06/03/1996 heading: divine Intervention : There is no doubt: that functions Paul Czysz, Professor in Aeronautics, University of Saint-Louis, consulting at NASA, Program Equinox of Channel 4, in London, emission of the 17/12/1995: Ca goes w ith w ater : it is a technology w hich collects the ZPE obviously Science Explained, the w orld of science to the daily new spaper, Hake, A. Ronan, General Editor, Copyrighted Book Science, 1993 confirms that the oxygen atom has a negative electric charge, and that that of hydrogen has a positive load The Cliffs Notes of 1993 of Harold D. Nathan, Doctor of physics, check the unusual linkage effect electrovalent betw een gas molecular structures and liquids in equations w here each group of different Many laboratories independent of universities confirmed the importance of the tension raised for a current low Gary L Johnson of the University of State of Kansas entitled his report/ratio: Explosions in w ater induced by electricity . He indicates to it that it discovered that the force of the explosion Roy Azevedo, Peter Graneau and Charles Millet of the North-eastern University, as Neal Graneau of the Royal College of London entitled their report/ratio: Of pow erful explosions of plasma w ater . They confirm their results similar by using a voltage pulsating from 30 to 40 kilovolts Doctor Ukrainiens Eugene Antonov and Vladimir Dresyiannikov, checked like the preceding researchers the various aspects of the patented technology of Meyer.

CONTRACTS W.F.C. After years of search and development, technology W.F.C., arrived at the stage of systems design and of prefabrication by the first financing of contracts W.F.C. Proof of Concept S. This means that one expects nearest manufacture the industrial standards, of modules W.F.C How ever, it w ill be necessary w hereas w ater takes the fuel name, and that technology W.F.C. is tested and certified for the EPA and is appropriate for the payments of other governments. W hen one is there, the objective of W.F.C. to use w ater as fuel w ill be able to emerge at the great day. Concessions W.F.C. w ill thrive, and the dependence w ith the fossil fuels w ill touch at its end. C is a faith w hich animated all the steps of W.F.C.. After much of w ork, one S w aits to see it achieving its goal. The contract Proof of Concept , in four points, is a kind of contract single w hich protects W.F.C. as w ell as that w ith w hich it are conceded, user and / or company having a perfect command of a high technology L Approval International W.F.C. on the agreement of contract indicates the parameters of the system of energy to be modified and establishes the terms and particular conditions relating to the totality of the contract. The Contract of project W.F.C. International relates to the construction of tw o systems of kits of prototype W.F.C., for purposes of tests and developments to the industrial standards, for the production. W.F.C. provides to the signatory the specifications design, and this one built the prototypes. W.F.C. provides also the electronic interface and the softw are necessary to launch the modules. L acceptance contractual of L International Approval of licence of patent W.F.C., states the conditions and the terms for a licence of manufacture to L scale D a great distribution W.F.C.. L Approval for contract of industrial concession of International W.F.C., mentions the terms and the conditions of a licence of industrial concession on a given geographical area. This licence w ill not enter in conflict w ith the local dealers but w ill encourage the grow th of the concessions. W.F.C. supports many contracts in various energy fields of w hich the first gate on the domestic and industrial heating as w ell as transport w ith L significant project Proof of Concept of Resonator w ith industrial vapour W.F.C. . This module can be adapted on enormous industrial boilers and w ould stabilise the energy costs of a great number of industries. Moreover, it prevents w ater from freezing w hen one uses the injector w ith fuel w ater W.F.C. in the application selected

CONTROVERSIES MALHONNETES, BRAKES Recently, W.F.C. w as declared guilty D a coarse fraud, show n not to have show n anything w hich functions, nor of unspecified progress. The plaintiffs w ere investors D a program of competitor fuel. None of three expert w itnesses N had scientific references and among them, it S found tw o of them w hich had previously tried to take the direction of W.F.C.. At the time of the law suit, the judge w as just to cut the audio recording of the court during a demonstration of technology W.F.C.. Meyer (w ho since 1980 had spent more than 1.6 million dollars) thus deposited a request in rejection of the decision of this Court of Justice against the judge w ho ridiculed the law s of the Higher Council of Justice of L Ohio w hile at the same time the scientific confirmation is held. W ith the course D a meeting envisaged at the British Parliament, w ith the House of Lords, Meyer w as to speak about the W.F.C. and production D energy by L extraction about L hydrogen about L w ater. But this meeting w as cancelled at the last minute.

ECOLOGICAL ADVANTAGES OF W.F.C. The by-product of injector W.F.C. is a w ater spray, w hich turns over to the environment, w here it w ill again receive the energy of the sun by photonic energy absorption. One can then collect this w ater in the form of rain, and again recycle it in the engine, that it is in open or closed system. Technology W.F.C., especially conceived to be appropriate for transport, has taken part in the depollution of the atmosphere, by preventing the taking aw ay of oxygen necessary to breathing, by eliminating the rejection from chemical oxides in the atmosphere, such as it occurs today w ith fossil fuels, by revitalising the energy levels of the molecules of air, and by dissociating chemical oxides already present, for 70 years. W ith technology W.F.C., the internal combustion engine, instead of being a system polluting, becomes a purifying system of air Conscious of this w arning and the obvious signs of the major dangers incurred by planet, of the researchers of the w hole w orld make know n, thanks to Internet, the advantages of technology W.F.C..

THE OSCILLATION OF THE PARTICLE AS GENERATEUR OF ENERGY.

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Thus Meyer still defines itself the process relating to the W.F.C. (w hich makes L object of 26 US and international patents and w hose one greater number are in hand). For a long time the scientists observed that atoms stimulated in various w ays on particular resonant frequencies cause the release of the energy w hich they contain. Thomas Edison made the demonstration of it by using a flow of current to make oscillate the atoms of a filament in a bulb, w ith an aim of producing a luminous energy. Gordon Gould used the oscillation of the particles w hile making absorb then to again radiate by an atom the coherent energy of photons in w hat one calls Laser. The precursor of the Laser, w as useful of this same oscillation w ith the absorption and the Re-radiation of electromagnetic energy, w hich gave the propagation of microw aves called Maser. Musical instruments w hich use cases of resonance amplify the sound w aves, and are thus also useful of the oscillation of the particles by absorbing then D again emitting acoustic energy amplified One can w onder about the cause of the flashes or on w hat feeds energy D a hurricane or D a tornado, frequent natural phenomena. Each answ er has a common point: bending or the oscillation of the w ater molecule. The flash occurs w hen the face of the storm bends the atoms of w ater molecule exposed to clouds of storm to negative electric charge. The bending of the w ater molecule present in the w hirling draught that constitutes a hurricane or a tornado, releases an enormous energy w hich contributes to the formation of the storm. A rise in the initial temperature makes w hirl the air, thus delimiting a zone of moisture in the draught. **time-out** the current w hirl of air ascending create a tension electric opposite on the molecule of w ater w hich himself find in the atmosphere charge by the electricity of draught d air in displacement. This tension electrically bends the atoms to release the energy w hich feeds the hurricane or the tornado.

FROM OR COMES THIS ENERGY AND HOW EMANATES IT OF THE ATOM? Subjected to an electric pulsation, an opening of energy, located in the core of the atom, is physically constrained to open to make it possible a greater quantity of energy to penetrate in the spectrum of energy of the atom. L energy is released by the intermediary of the atoms L energy is released by the intermediary of the atoms in our universe. It is w hat w as quantified by the equation of Einstein E=mc2. W hen it raised squared the speed of the light, it realised that the luminous potential energy w as larger than the third dimension in w hich w e exist. This universal energy or ZPE, penetrates continuously in our third dimension by the openings of energy of the atoms. It is w hat makes it possible all the atomic structures of the third dimension to exist or to be maintained w ell in a state of balance atomic. If it w ere not thus, none the know n forms of life w ould exist. How is it made a tiny seed gives a giant sequoia? How the child in the centre of his mother can undergo an atomic structuring to maintain the life? Neither the seed nor the mother draw sufficiently from energy of the sun or of food to be able to manufacture w ould be only one atom. How the universe parallel to continue does its expansion the creation of its physical mass? It seems that energy necessary to the creation of the universe and the life such as w e know them emanate from the core of the atom, via the opening of energy. Thus all the atoms function as generators of energy. Up to now , one needed a great entered energy D so that the process of oscillation of the atom releases from energy. It is w hat show s w ith violence a thermonuclear device, w hich really opens, then destroyed, the opening of energy of the Uranium 235 atoms and 238. But it is in the release of this process on a low energy level that resides the secrecy. The process then becomes realisable economically, and usable by an average consumer. To achieve this exploit, Meyer had the idea to be used for itself of fields of voltage of polarity opposed on the w ater molecule. This produced an electric tension, w hich makes that the atoms of the w ater molecule exceed the atomic state of balance and dissociate or are divided into hydrogen gas and oxygen. Around 40 kilovolts the gases take fire automatically, w hich produces an explosive thermal energy (gtnt). W ith higher voltages, even, and at the frequency of resonance of the w ater molecule, the opening of energy is opened and one can then see a controlled release, fantastic quantities of energy. This method does not spend of great quantities of energy since the tension is not consumed in an electronic circuit. Energy neither is created, nor destroyed but released starting from the atom (see figure2) Meyer calls his electrodes of the exciteurs, in fact, they are parallel stainless steel plates placed in parallel or according to a concentric diagram. The production of gas seems to be inversely proportional to the distance w hich separates them, the patent indicates 1,5 mm for good results. The true difference lies in the battery pow er supply for w hich Meyer is useful itself of an external inductance w hich appears to be in resonance w ith the capacity of the battery pure w ater having apparently a permittivity from approximately 5 w hat produces a resonant parallel circuit. This circuit is excited by a generator w ith impulse w ith high pow er, w ith unit the capacity of the battery and rectifier a diode, the w hole forming a circuit of pumping of load. **time-out** according to Harold Aspden, Meyer himself be useful of tube metal concentric immerse in the w ater and return the impulse betw een the tube w hat induce some field effect de champs radiant increase probably the dissociation ionic of molecule of w ater and produce the hydrogen and the oxygen w ith the energy collect in the ether (New Energy New s August 96) Figure 1- Optical thermal lens ?? Development W.F.C. of technology EASER controls then this pow er, w ithout how ever destroying the atom and its opening of energy (see figure 7). The element more running on Earth, hydrogen, are the containing hydrocarbon perfect one because of its great energy and its availability. The oxygen atom supports our life. L w ater, combination of hydrogen and oxygen, is as w ell generating of life as purifying. It is thus strong in connection w ith using w ater as a source of energy clean and w hich can be recycled.CONFIRMATION OF TECHNOLOGY W.F.C. Since 1985, W.f.c. S is employed to persuade the scientific community to change its w ay of including/understanding the nature of the w ater molecule and the forces w hich act on it. It had to understand that the w ater molecule is charged out of electric dipole, and that there is an electric force of attraction betw een the atoms of opposite load. There is not electromagnetic force betw een the atoms different from the w ater molecule, since the 8 electrons of the orbit external L of the oxygen atoms are put per pair and turn in opposite directions. The orbit L of the oxygen atom admits to 8 electrons but not more for stabilisation of the w ater molecule The electric force of attraction is equivalent to the tw o-shared hydrogen electrons occupying the orbit L of the negatively charged oxygen atom. The potential of tension applied during the pulsation of the w ater molecule is not consumed in the electronic circuit. The electric stress of opposite electric polarity supports the molecular oscillation, as in a generator w ith energy. Figure 2 Burner Nozzle Logical continuation: the assembly of the conduits of industrial burner W.F.C. . The burner can meet all the needs for heating, of the house to the megaw atts of the pow er stations w hile passing by the industrial burner D a pow er of the command of the million BTU/h. Favour technology W.F.C.: this tube of burner can be adapted to replace of old burners, or w ell can form part of a new heating system. Interesting contacts w ere made w ith the navy, air transports, the producers of electricity, the companies of desalination of, and processing sea w ater of toxic w aste or not. The contacts overseas include/understand England, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Sw eden, Canada, Australia, the New s Zealand, Thailand, India, Korea and the Ukraine. The American contacts include Haw aii and Alaska like almost all the states. The USA and the w orld preparing to enter the era of hydrogen, W.F.C., w ill be placed best to meet the requirements in energy for the w hole w orld. Figure 3 W.F.C. Industrial Steam Resonator Developed to the industrial standards w ith a contract Proof of Concept, this apparatus formed D a line of tubes, heats L w ater w ithout apparent flame, at the temperature chosen, and under various climatic conditions. Its applications are numerous: industrial baths, heating of the sw imming pools and the greenhouses, heating domesticates w ith w ater or air, injection of vapour to destroy bad grasses. THE DUNE BUGGY W.F.C. Figure 4 At the w heel, Stanley Meyer, Dr. Russel E Fow ler, Personnel manager and presentation of the technique of W.F.C., (second starting from the line) To the USA, L interest goes more on one car supplied to w ater, in England, on a boat and w ith Sw eden, on an individual heating. A Buggy Dune w as modified in 1985, to take part in a race of 1900 miles in November 1991, in Australia. In its battery w ith w ater, w hich remains cold after several operating hours, the process of thermal combustion uses L oxygenates L w ater instead of L to extract from L atmosphere. Meyer intends to miniaturise his system. One can compare the estimated cost of modernised the Meyer system intended for L automobile 1500 dollars spent only at the time of L installation w ith the 14.000 dollars D purchase of fuel w hich w ould be necessary to supply the same car for all its length of time D use. One could produce 11000 of this equipment per day. The use of ionised gas coming from the ambient air can support the energy increase in the flame w hile carrying the gas burn up rate on the level of that of the fossil fuels. The energy absorption of the photons supports the atomic time remaining to allow , thanks to an adequate spark, a firing of combustion gases (hydrogen and oxygenates w ater) present and subjected to the pulsating electric stress. The frequency of pulsation applied, as w ell as the amplitude of voltage, and the volumetric calibration of the w ater droplet determine the energy production. Only one w ater drop of 7,4 l (micro litre) is enough to make function a fuel injection engine w ith internal combustion of 50 horses. W ith a w ater droplet of 148 l per cycle of injection, C is a fuel injection engine of 1000 horses w hich can function (see figure 7) Figure 5 W.F.C. Water Fuel Injector The modification of a car is probably one of the most simulative projects because of the variety of systems w hich it is necessary to calibrate w ith the protocols of confidence tests. It is w hat W.F.C. is on the point to achieve because it completes the data-processing programming and also that of other electric components and the hardw are. One improves also the injector w ith fuel w ater W.F.C. w hich can be appropriate for all the energy requirements met by fossil fuel combustion. It can replace the candles of the cars, the injectors of diesel, the openings of injectors in the engines of planes and the turbines w ith vapour, and the openings of the conduits in the engines of rocket supplied w ith w ater Figure 6 Converting Water Droplets instantly In this injector, alternative of the resonant cavity W.F.C. w hich increases the release of energy of process W.F.C., the w ater droplets are converted instantaneously into hydrogen gas and oxygen fired in a field of tension to impulses. This injector in particular w as developed to release energy by the opening of the atom (see figure 10). The w ater droplets arrive according to a certain flow in the frayed resonant cavity w hich functions like a guide of w aves of tension. The w ater droplet subjected to the impulses w ith high voltage of opposed polarity, is transformed instantaneously into its tw o gas components (see figure 10). Immediately after, w ith a higher electric tension, the released gases become ionised gases (ejection of electrons), and are finally rejected far from the opening of the tube of containing hydrocarbon injector w ith w ater W.F.C. D lighting of gas. Figure 7 Voltage tickling of state space The frayed shape of the probe of positive voltage in the center, amplifies the sequence D impulses of voltage continuously to increase the electric stress on released gases of the w ater molecule, all along the resonant cavity w hich functions like a circuit of compression of thus activating voltage, the stage of starting of energy w hich one calls Voltage Tickling of State Space . Injector W.F.C. achieves in only one moment several continuous functions w ith know ing - release of hydrogen gases / oxygen cominng from the w ater droplet injected - the oscillation of combustible gases flooating freely under the pulsating electric stress w hich makes oscillate the particle like a generator of energy and finally the ionisation of combustible gases by the emission of an electron right before the gases under pressure are ejected by the opening of the tube. W hen the gases expelled in tension return in a state of steady balance, the gas atoms in inflection release energy release w hich makes start and propagates the process of combustion of the gas, w hich one uses energy According to its electric and physical characteristics, resonant cavity W.F.C. can satisfy various energy needs. For example, in the field of automobile transport, it becomes injecting w ith fuel w ater. This one replaces the traditional spark plug of a petrol engine or diesel, w ithout one needing to change the engine. The injector can also be designed in series to be appropriate for the adaptation and modernisation of industrial boilers or in the assembly of conduits of burners W.F.C. In those cases, injectors W.F.C. are specifically designed to convert instantaneously and according to the request the droplets of w ater in thermal energy explosive (gtnt). It is w hat allow s technology injection of w ater containing hydrocarbon to be in conformity w ith the National Security Energy Act of 1992. This law requires D to use oxygen in the combustion of hydrogen gas to make function the Buggy Dune or any other internal combustion engine. To receive name again, a fuel must thus add oxygen to its process of combustion. And among all its admirable properties, L w ater, precisely, provides its ow n oxygen. The conversion of the w ater droplet into instantaneous explosive thermal energy, by means of a cycle of injection also makes it possible technology W.F.C. to be in conformity w ith the directives of national security in the USA because it prevents any risk of explosion at the time of a collision. Indeed, w ater is the best means of storing hydrogen, since it is contained there and cannot thus burn there. Figure 8 W.F.C. Exhaust Air Reclaimer Technology The development of the technology of regeneration of air W.F.C. , (figure is sophisticated to eliminate the possible emissions from oxide of nitrogen (or laughing gas), as w ell as other undesirable gases. The mixture w ith tw o for one of hydrogen w ith oxygen in the w ater molecule is assured continuously through the injector w ith fuel w ater W.F.C., w hich gives a formation of negligible quantities of nitrogen oxide. If how ever a nitrogen oxide molecule w ere formed, the Air Reclaimer w ould separate from them simply the elements out of nitrogen and oxygen. The by-product of this type of injector is a w ater spray w hich turns over to the environment. Technology W.F.C. of regeneration of the air can overcome the connection electrovalent these oxides, (as for the dissociation of the w ater molecule), w hile placing them in zones of voltage of polarity opposite

The USE OF W ATER BY CARBURIZING w ater containing tw ice and half more hydrogen than the gasoline, the energy of the w ater released in explosive thermal energy, is equivalent to more than 2 million BTU per gallon (3,78 litres in the USA) of w ater. It is w hat occurs, w ith an electric tension pulsated, initially on the w ater molecule, then on the atoms of hydrogen gases and oxygen. Figure 9 Electrical Polarisation Process W hile starting w ith the process of polarisation electric W.F.C. , (see figure 9) and w hile continuing w ith W hile starting w ith the process of polarisation electric W.F.C. , (see figure 9) and w hile continuing w ith the process of fracture of hydrogen, one releases more and more from energy. W hen the oxygen and hydrogen atoms are subjected to the impulses of tension, the electrons are constrained to move aw ay from the core of the atoms. Their orbital spin decrease and the atoms enter then a state of non-balance. To each fresh impulse, the electrons jump on higher energy levels, since the atoms seek to become again stable. It is w hat makes oscillate the atom and gives the phenomenon of release of energy through the oscillation of the particle generator of energy. W ith the follow ing stage of differential increase, the electrons w hich jump are then ejected far from the lengthened molecule subjected to the electric tension. This reduction in the atomic mass makes that the opening of energy S increases w hat releases, starting from the atom, of much greater quantities of thermal explosive energy (gtnt) that before. The potential of negative voltage (B -) and the potential of positive voltage (B+) of the same intensity, but opposite, overcomes the bonding strength electrovalent atoms of hydrogen and oxygen of the w ater molecule. This obliges the oxygen atom carrying a negative electric charge to being attracted tow ards the zone of positive stationary voltage (B+), w hereas at the same moment, the positively charged hydrogen atoms are attracted electrically tow ards the field of stationary tension negative (B -). This force of opposite electric attraction achieves instantaneously three functions in a sequence of events: 1 the molecule of w ater himself lengthen 2 the report of time-sharing portage of electron of structure atomic of hydrogen and of atom of gas be change, w hat w eaken the connection electrovalent betw een the atom of hydrogen and of oxygen, 3 the fact to pulsate and to increase the tension electric on the molecule of w ater w eaken the magnetic field magntique of atom of gas combustible, w hat cause L extinction of covalency of molecule of w ater in reduce the orbital velocity orbital of spin of electron concerned and subject w ith tension electric. These 3 stages allow then, on a very low initial energy level, to divide the gas atoms composing the molecule of w ater. This input D energy depends much on the voltage and starts in the range of the millivolt / milliampere. How ever, the escape of amps is maintained w ith its minimum, w hile the voltage increases considerably. It is w ith 40 kilovolts and beyond that the tw o gases ignite automatically, w hen they are dissociated. The process is economic, since one maintains amperage w ith his minimum and that the field of tension of polarity is not consumed in an electric circuit. And it is also w ithout danger, since pure hydrogen is not stored, but burns w ith the request w ith the oxygen atoms of w ater. Moreover, the technology of Inventions W.F.C. does not create energy but releases only energy already present in the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, thus conforming to the law s of thermodynamics. Started electrically, the atoms function like generators of energy. The law s of thermodynamics apply only one time that energy is released from the atom. This dissociation or single fission of the w ater molecule w as supported by the invention of VIC (amplifying circuit of tension W.F.C. to see figure 10). Figure 10 W.F.C. Voltage Intensifier Circuit This one in particular is conceived to low maintain the escape of amps on its level, w hich makes it possible the potential of tension of opposite polarity to achieve w ork necessary to the separation of the atoms of the w ater molecule. Thanks to the characteristics of inductance of VIC and to his single design, one can increase the tension at the necessary levels. One can also reduce the flow of amps w hile allow ing the potential of voltage of opposite polarity to operate the separation of the w ater molecule charged electrically into bipolar, and this w ith average D a force of opposite electric attraction, or electric stress. The car inductance distributed on each reel prevents primarily an surge of amps (or delays the flow of current) on the w ater opening. At the same time, the capacity distributed on each reel causes an increase in the

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potential of voltage applied, w ith opposite polarities placed in opposite in the w ater molecule: the process of polarisation electric is thus achieved. Each reel functions then as a reel of impedance (coil) charging w hose resonance agrees to the dielectric properties w ater, w hen the frequency of pulsations is adjusted to attract itself a minimum of flow of amps, w hereas the potential of voltage tries to go up tow ards the infinite one (if the electric circuit allow ed him.) The increase in the number of w horls of each reel w hich is directly connected to the increase in the amplitude of the voltage of pulsation applied, increases the electric stress above the w ater opening. In all w ork of engineering relating to all the systems, of w hich each process profits from that w hich preceded it and amplifies it, the technology of the programmable electronic design by EEPROM ensures safety and reliability of products W.F.C. Moreover, this technology lends itself to a mass production, since one has controlled very w ell for fifteen years microelectronics and the injection of moulded plastic. Like Sign Up to see what your friends like.

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Stan Meyer Tour of Water Powered Dune Buggy from May 1992
June 17th, 2011 The present video w as recorded in May of 1992 and contains an interview w ith Stan Meyer in w hich he candidly discusses the various components of his w aterpow ered dune buggy. In the first portion of the video Meyers covers his technology implemented in the vehicle step by step. In the second part, he talks about his religious inspiration that brought the technology into being.

I have transcribed the entire video below . I suggest you open the player in one brow ser and read the illustrated transcript in another, pausing the player audio from time to time to carefully study the illustrations or to think about the concepts. [02:16] (To the camera man) Can you zoom in back in here? [02:24] Are w e on? [02:25] Ok, now this is the Hydrogen Computer System w hich w as designed in order to be able to process the fuel to produce the hydrogen gas from w ater and do it economically and be able to control its firing allow ing the Volksw agen engine to run off of hydrogen. Theres a lot of engineering design that w ent into this even though this is our systezms engineering approach. The Hydrogen Computer System you see here w ill be miniaturized dow n to several IC chips w hich w ill allow us to give the economics to apply to a conventional car.

Figure 1. - Hydrogen computer system aka. the GMS

[03:08] Over here theres very unique design features that had to be developed in order to develop the w ater fuel cell as a retrofit energy systems to conventional cars. We had to go ahead and develop w hat w e call the laser distributor as you see right here,

Figure 2. - Laser distributor system

Figure 3. - Laser distributor system, closer view

[03:25] w hich is put betw een conventional rotor cap and that of the rotor assembly. And primarily w hat this does is this sets up the electronic signals that goes back and triggers the computer system (Meyer points at the GMS) in order to allow the car to run successfully on hydrogen. [03:42] In order to run this engine off of w ater, w eve also had to learn the ability to adjust the burn rate of hydrogen to co-equal the fossil fuels. We did this by simply now pulling off a portion of the exhaust gases as you can see through this tube here

Figure 4. - Electronic meter mixing the exhaust gases

[03:59] going to this electronic regulator thats hooked up to the hydrogen computer. And basically, w hats happening is that the ambient air is going into the engine and going through the burning process it produces the non-combustible gases that retards the speed by w hich the oxygen atom unites to hydrogen to bring on gas ignition. So by simply using the non combustible gases coming from the exhaust of the engine, w e now modulate and control the speed by w hich that oxygen unites w ith the hydrogen and therefore w e are adjusting the burn rate of hydrogen to co-equal that of gasoline or fossil fuels or even diesel fuel. And that gave us the number one retrofit capabilities of retrofitting the w ater fuel cell technology to an existing engine and w e do this electronically.

Figure 5. - Gas processor unit

[04:46] The unit that you see right here, w e call this a gas processor. And basically, w hat w e are doing is w e are ionizing the ambient air gases that are now going into the process and this allow s us to trigger and use the hydrogen fracturing technology and tapping into a higher energy yield coming from the hydrogen.

Figure 6. - Resonant cavity unit

[05:05] The unit that you see right here (see figure 6) , this is referred to as the resonant cavity.

Figure 7. - Water tank that feeds the resonant cavity unit

[05:10] Water is now fed into the resonant cavity through this w ater tank (see figure 7) and as such w e now expose the w ater to a very high intense pulse voltage field and restrict the amps and therefore the electrical polarization process now allow s us to release the hydrogen economically from w ater. And by attenuating the amplitude of the voltage field, w e now can control the rate of the production of the hydrogen gas on demand. So this is w hats referred to as a constant demand generator. We also now extend or allow the voltage amplitude to increase even to a higher level and allow the w ater atoms to go into an ionization state w hich gives us an ability even to produce a higher energy yield by producing more hydrogen gas on demand. [05:58] So the fuel now , coming from the w ater through the electrical polarization process going into resonance, resonance meaning that w e are actually tuning into the dielectric properties of w ater. And allow s us to reduce amp flow dow n to a minimum and allow s voltage to take over to disassociate the w ater molecule on demand.

Figure 8. - Electronic Injector system regulator unit that meter mixes combustible and noncombustible gases to provide burn rate control

[06:16] And those fuel gases are now coming through this electronic injector system as you see here. So basically, w e are now feeding the ionized air from the gas processor. We are now also taking the w ater fuel gases that are now coming from ordinary w ater. We are now mixing it w ith a non-combustible gases, the ambient air gases, and regulating this control of the fluid medium and as a result now w e can tune in and allow this engine to run off of natural w ater.

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Figure 9. - Voltage Intesifier Circuit (VIC) unit

[06:50] This systems approach, this particular unit here (see Figure 9) is referred to as the VIC or the Voltage Intensified Circuit technology. This is being miniaturized dow n to very small light w eight system. This is demonstrating our systems engineering approach on a technology that w e can apply it to other applications not only in the transportation but also in the industrial applications. So it w as paramount that w e w ould demonstrate and have the technologies solve for design engineering retrofitting to existing energy consuming devices w hether it w as being running an internal combustion engine or a diesel engine or hook it to an industrial process. So all of these design interfacing technologies are now being solved. We are now in the latter stages of w hat w e call the pre-engineering system w hich w ill now allow us to miniaturize the technology. Once w e are completed on the design applications, w e can take it into mass production. [07:48] Ill give you a classical example of this, w eve also developed from this technology w hich w eve called the w ater fuel cell injector

Figure 10. - Water-fuel injector

[07:57] and basically this injector now is a miniaturized w ater fuel cell, or miniaturized resonant cavity. And this technology now allow s us to simply replace w e can by pass this part of the systems approach and now simply replace the spark plug w ith the w ater fuel cell injector

Figure 11. - Water-fuel injector installation point

[08:18] and as a result now w e can run w ater up to the injector w hich is now being processed and being exposed to a very high pulse voltage frequency and as a result as the w ater fuel is going into the system then the explosion takes place inside the cylinder therefore makes this an extremely fail-safe operable system. [08:39] The cord that you see here is strictly hooks up to a very high intensity voltage pulse and w e restrict the amps to cause the electrical polarization process w hich in turn turns the voltage amplitude now takes it and goes in the ionization state and performs the hydrogen fracturing technology and then in turn the high pulse voltage frequency now allow s the ignition of the gases. So therefore w e do this electronically and so this technology is taken us dow n to the w ater fuel injector as you see here today w hich gives us a very economical w ay of simply converting and running a conventional car on ordinary natural w ater. [09:24] So basically, w hat w e do is w e feed ordinary, natural w ater in here - non processed natural w ater, w e now feed the ambient air gases, being ionized, its being mixed w ith the w ater, and then w e mix the non combustible gases going into the system that regulates the control that allow s us now to release the thermal explosive energy from hydrogen and do it on a controlled means.

Figure 12. - Laser accelerator control unit

Figure 12.5 - Laser accelerator control unit, close up

[09:56] Further development on the technology centered around also the development, w hat w e call the laser accelerator control (see figures 12 and 12.5). And this had to be developed in order to translate from a mechanical displacement to an electronic displacement in order to allow the hydrogen computer system to produce the gas on demand based on acceleration control. So w hat you are really seeing w ith the w ater fuel cell as it is today is that w e have a full system engineering approach allow ing us now to use w ater as a main fuel source to able to run a conventional engine and run it on w ater and do it in equal or supersede the performance of a car running on gasoline or diesel fuel. [10:44] Many people do not realize that w hen you run a car or truck on gasoline of diesel fuel, you are actually running it on hydrogen. And all w e are doing is using the hydrogen from w ater. And under the National Bureau of Standards figures show s that w hen you use w ater, the energy release is roughly tw o and a half times more pow erful then that of gasoline. So w ater is a very pow erful fuel. And all you needed to do w as solve the answ ers; number one producing the hydrogen economically, controlling it on demand, being able to adjust the burn rate of the hydrogen gas to co-equal the fossil fuels and the third one w as to be able to transport it w ithout spark ignition. And w eve solved all of these problems on the design engineering, and of course the w ater fuel injector as Ive show n you, now gives us the abilities to transport the w ater directly to the fuel injector w hich is now going into the voltage zone w hich is now performing the electrical polarization process that goes and triggers the hydrogen fracturing technology. But its doing it inside the engine. So w e all know that natural w ater is very stable and therefore it becomes a very fail-safe operable system as w e pointed out earlier. [11:58] (Meyers assistant) And do you w ant to say something about how w e constrict amp flow ? [12:02] Yeah, w e talked about that. [12:02] (Meyers assistant) Did you mention something about that? [12:03] Yeah. So in a system engineering approach, in mass production it looks like w e can translate and reduce the systems approach dow n to a unit that costs roughly 1500 dollars per vehicle. For trucks it w ill be slightly larger then that, below 5000 dollars it looks like w e w ill be able to reach the economics to it and using ordinary natural w ater. You add nothing to the w ater, you dont process the w ater in any w ay.

Figure 13 - Steam resonator unit

[12:32] Now here is another feature to the system that everybody asks me about (See figure 13). They say, W hat happens to the w ater in the w inter time? Does it freeze up?. Well part of our technology w as in the areas of development of w hat w e call the steam resonator. Now since the unlike atoms take on opposite electrical charges, w e simply use another part of our technology to restrict the amps and let voltage to take over and therefore w e agitate the w ater molecules w hich in turn generates kinetic energy w hich in turn heats the w ater. Now this is phenomenal in the fact that w e consume very little electrical energy in order to heat the w ater. So there are very far ranging advantages and features to this technology, arranging even in the areas that w e now have a w ay of using voltage by sw itching off amp flow and dealing w ith the environmental control areas w e are developing the technology in the areas of desalination of salt w ater. W hen ever you have a free or abundant energy source like w ater, its only limited to the imagination to put it to w ork. This technology is very applicable to desalination of the salt w ater, the handling of toxic w aste chemicals by high pulse voltage frequency and restrict the amps, w e now can separate the molecular structure of toxic chemicals and render them useless and safe. [13:49] It also takes us to the technology of combining unlike atoms that heretofore w as not possible under the natural state of covalent link-up. This led us to the development of the EPG electrical generator technology w here w e are able to manufacture a magnetized gas that exists at room temperature and enhance the electromagnetic field w ithout increasing mass. So our technology since the time of the Arab embargo has been very far reaching to give us a comprehensive energy source that w ould literally be used anyw here in the economies and do a bi-lateral movement throughout the economies of the w orld to bring an energy source in. And as I pointed out earlier, the pinion of energy prices that w ill confront us very quickly, w e literally have the ability now of engineering systems that systems engineering mass production systems very very quickly. And hopefully be able to stem off the imminent energy crisis that is now occurring. A lot of people are not aw are of that Kuw ait produces or manufactures the majority of aviation fuel for the w orld and its anticipated, as pointed out earlier, that its possible that as much as 20% drop in aviation fuel may occur w ithin 6 to 8 months. If that happens then the dominos effect w ill occur and w ill start to trigger and energy shortage throughout the w orld. [15:10] The same conditions that happened in the United States is also happening in the Arab fields w here the natural pressure in the existing oik fields are dropping. The only difference betw een the U.S. and the Arab fields is their pressure is dropping 3 times faster then occurred in the United states. You just cant keep pulling the oil out of the ground and expect that its going to be there forever. The hour glass effect is occurring at a more faster rate then now in nuclear pow er plants. China has opened the doors to Western technology, 25% of the population of the w orld w ants the same goods and services that you and I have been enjoying and that industrial base can not be maintained or expanded w ithout the supply and utilization of energy of w hich w e have very little fossil fuel left. So its imperative that w e developed a technology that w e can move very quickly and of course, w ater w as the answ er to it because w ater is a very free and abundant energy source. And so this technology has led us to the abilities of harnessing and using the w ater in this particular w ay w hich w e call the w ater fuel cell technology. [16:12] (Interview er) Do you have an indication of the amount of energy stored in a gallon of w ater compared to a barrel of oil for instance? [16:21] Yes. As I pointed out earlier, w hen you separate the hydrogen and oxygen gases and go into the gas ignition process, its energy releases roughly tw o and a half times that of gasoline. Now note the reference is not tw o and a half times that of finger nail polish, its tw o and a half times that of gasoline. [16:39] But in the hydrogen fracturing technology, w e have developed a technology as the Lord has show n me that by igniting the hydrogen and oxygen gases, and setting up an condition by w hich the w ater molecule is prevented to form, then w e now can tap into a very higher energy yield, and as a result of this, the hydrogen fracturing technology show s that w e can release energy up to and beyond 2.5 million barrels of oil per gallon of w ater and do it safely. [17:07] And as I show n you earlier, w e are now preparing this technology to be retro-fitted directly to a jet commander w hich w e plan not only to fly around the w orld non-stop around the equator, but turn 90 degrees and go from the north and south pole. So its a tremendous amount of energy source. And w hat w e have done is found a triggering process to allow us to release a tremendous amount of energy and do it safely. So it gives us an ability to not only sustain and maintain the economies of the w orld, but also give us the abilities to handle the environmental pollution problems at the same time. [17:42] We cant keep putting CO2 in the air and expect that the energy levels are going to be there even for our plants. And w e all talk about the Greenhouse Effect but very few people come up w ith a viable answ er to it. And the w ater fuel cell technology gives us the ability.

Figure 14. - Stan Meyer and looking at his work

[17:57] (Interview er) Stanley can you explain your driving force behind spending all this money and energy developing something like this. Its cost you about ten years of your life. Can you explain w hy you are doing all this and w hat really drives you to keep going. [18:14] Well I did an analysis during the Arab embargo as to w hat actually occurred, and I realized that w ithout a new and abundant energy source that w as to come into the w orld economy very quickly, then the w orld economy could collapse. So as a scientist, I have a very diversified background,

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from research development to product development engineering and corporate entrepreneuring. And w hen I realized the problem that w as confronting us, I w ent into my office laboratory and as a scientists I had alw ays believed in the existence of God. I thought it w as mathematically impossible that w e had derived ourselves from sw amp gas. If you have to have a lot faith you have to have a lot of faith to believe in evolution. And so I w ent into my office laboratory and I said, God, I love my country. Its the greatest country in the w orld. If youll help me put a pow er supply in the country Ill do anything that you w ant me to do. And subsequently I w as like Paul on the road to Damascus. I didnt know the Lord, but once he revealed himself to me, subsequently I w as filled w ith the Holy Spirit and I have been exercising the pow er, the authority and the w ord of God bringing this technology in. And many people ask me about do I fear for my life, I have learned the pow er of angels and I have been protected in trying to bring this technology in. [19:28] The ultimate objective is not only to stabilize the economies of the w orld, but, if w e realize any funds from the technology it w ill go into w orld evangelization. You see, as a scientist, once truth is show n to me, truth is truth, of course I got w hat I w anted a ticket to going to heaven and I got filled w ith the Holy Spirit, and so as a scientist, truth is truth and I have a responsibility just as I have a responsibility to the w ater fuel cell technology, to try to bring it out in the w orld, I also have the responsibility really to take the w ord and the truth of God, not only to the guy w ho next door neighbor, or the guy dow n the block, but also relate that truth of that know ledge to every person in the w orld if I possibly can do it. So the ultimate objective of the w ater fuel cell technology really is to help set the financial base capable of evangelizing the w orld. [20:19] Now there is a difference betw een spiritual know ledge and w orldly know ledge. And you cant go to the w orld system and ask them to help evangelize the w orld and spread the gospel but you can go to the w orlds system and give them a cheap pow er supply thats so economically and then those funds w ill go into the w orld evangelization. So the w ater fuel cell technology really, the ultimate objective is to accomplish the task of evangelizing the w orld by giving the financial abilities to do so. And thats my ultimate and prime objective. The w ater fuel cell w ill give us the abilities to do this. [20:55] (Interview er) Can you explain you mentioned one Bible text w hat do you mean by that?

Figure 15. - Stan Meyer's logo

[21:03] Well, you notice on my logo, youll see Job 38 verse 22 and 23 and this is w here the Lord is talking to job and he asks Job this question, he say, Have you considered the treasures of snow ? Or have you considered the treasures of hell w hich I have reserved against the time of trouble against battle and w ar. The interpretation of the scriptures are as follow s. Is not snow the most beautiful part about w ater? That no one snow flake looks exactly the same as that of another. The treasures of snow is the characteristic know ledge of w ater. The Lord knew that in fact that w e w ould have and reach a very critical point in our history that since w e w ent on our path that w e reach a limit in the flow of fossil fuels and that the flow of fossil fuels may be disrupted and as a result the lord specified that the know ledge of w ater w ould come at a time of great trouble. But he also specified that the know ledge w ould come out prior to tw o events. [film w as edited and a portion of the interview is missing] [21:56] (Interview er) Now that w eve heard how the thing functions, and youve explained background w hy you are w orking on this thing w hat do you think are possible applications and w here do you think this device can be applied and w hat scale? W hat is the amount of energy w e can get out of it? You talked before about converting cars, commercial airplanes. Is there any other application you can think of? [22:20] Oh yes! Not only is this technology applicable to all modes of transportation but it also has application in industrial processes. During the Arab embargo, I w as called into a meeting in Columbus, Ohio w ith the industrial leaders and the Columbia Gas system informed us that our gas w as being cut off 100%. W hat they actually w ere telling us is that w e w ere going out of business. And I saw some of the richest and most pow erful industrial leaders of the state popping pills and I thought they w ere going to have a heart attacks because basically w ithout energy you cant make a product, and you cant make a product you cant make profit, and if you cant make a profit you can not pay your bills. The result is that the bigger you are, the faster you w ould go into economic bankruptcy. So, it w as imperative that this technology not only be developed for the transportation areas but also to applied to industrial applications to be able to give energy. [23:12] The technology in the hydrogen fracturing technology gave us the abilities to go in and protect the military integrity of the w estern w orld. So this technology is applicable not only in those areas but for an example, during the Arab embargo, our Navy task force did not have the fuel and so as w e have the ability now to go into maritime applications and literally run the ships off of w ater as a main fuel source and at the using the application is cleaning up our environment and preventing from the COT and the catastrophe contaminants that go in the air. [23:45] So, w e can move this technology bi-lateral in every aspect of the economy and do it very, very quickly. And so that leads us now into the fact that w e have been developing this technology for mass production. And so, once w e finalize the debugging of the pre-engineering unit, then w e are going to translate it into a very cost effective system by taking the technology in the microchip technology and plastic mold injection technology allow s us now to move this type of technology very very quickly. As a matter of fact, one master mold can produce over 11,000 units every 24 hours. That gives us the abilities now to move in a bilateral movement to get the energy source throughout the entire w orld quickly if the oil is shut off to us either by w ay or by some other methods. A lot of people do not realize Saddam has the bio-germ through genetic restructuring. That if he uses it, it lives off the bacteria of air and w ater and even of oil. If he uses this its possible that the oil could be contaminated very quickly and if that is so then every country in the w orld w ould be faced w ith shutting off the flow of oil to each of there countries. Now w ithout the supply of fossil fuel, w ithin 180 to 240 days thereafter, about 1.5 billion people w ould be facing starvation very, very quickly because w e need that flow of energy in order to maintain the industrial bases of the w orld. [25:15] So, w eve designed a technology to be very flexible, to be used in every segment of the economy and do it very quickly. So w e are all in the same boat and w hat w e are doing is illustrating that yes, the technology is viable, here w e do have a viable technology that w e now can use w ater as a fuel source because w ater is a very free and abundant fuel source. But its going to take you and I and the guy dow n the street and the people in each country to bring this technology into the marketplace to stabilize their countries. And so as a result, w e developed it under the KISS method, Keep It Simple Stupid, to comply w ith the law of economics, that the guy w ho comes up w ith the cheapest w ay is going to w in out. So by decentralizing the mass production of this system and the fabrication of the system, and decentralize the installation of the system, then w e should be able to move in a bi-lateral movement through out all the countries of the w orld to get this type of technology into their countries to stabilize their economic base. If the oil is cut off by these means, or is simply being cut off by a lack of oil that is now show ing. Its the same natural pressure that dropped in the Arab fields as I pointed out a little earlier is also occurring in the North Sea. The North Sea pressure has dropped by one third. So w e all need the energy and therefore I feel that its going to take the people of the w orld to come together, and the leaders of each country to come together in one accord in order to allow this type of technology to go into the stabilized economic basis in each respective country. [26:46] (Interview er) Do you have any time scale for mass production set up yet? And second, do you have any organization or are you planning an organization, international or..? [26:56] Yes, I am negotiating w ith many leaders in different countries of the w orld. But the ultimate objective is to mobilize the masses of the people in order to bring it in. This is the only w ay that it can come in. And so as w e finalize a debugging of the system, and take it into mass production areas, w e can do this by turning the technology over to many many fabricators and people w ho have certain skills in the machining areas or the mass production areas that w ill allow this type of technology to be produced very quickly. [27:29] (Interview er) Thanks very much for this interview . [27:31] My pleasure. [27:33] (Interview er) We appreciate it very much, thank you. [27:34] Your w elcome. [film w as edited and loops back to a different point in the tape] [27:45] (Interview er) Stanley, can you give us some idea about the size of a conversion kit for a car for instance? We see all of these electronics sitting there (the interview er points to the dune buggy)

Figure 16. - Stan Meyer's dune buggy and its many electronics

[27:53] (Interview er continues) but I guess this is not going to be part of a future upgrade kit for a car, is it?

[28:00] No. This is the pre-engineering unit in order to satisfy the U.S. code of operability on section 35 section 101, and it w as developed as pre-engineering to show to operability of all the different operational parameters of the w ater fuel cell. But in actuality, the entire technology that you see here, is really reduced dow n to the w ater fuel cell injectors you see right here.

Figure 17. - Stan Meyer's water fuel cell injector

[28:25] (Interview er) This is the only thing needed in upgrading a car? Or is there anything else involved? [28:29] No, the w ater fuel cell injector, w hich replaces the conventional spark plug in an internal combustion engine, this is hooked up to a w ater tank. Basically, if you have a plastic fuel tank in your car, you simply drain out the gasoline, flush it out, fill it up w ith fresh w ater. Then, the w ater fuel cell injector now allow s the w ater to be transferred. The systems approach allow s the w ater to go into the injector w hich is now being processed to release the thermo explosive energy from hydrogen. [29:02] The second part is hooked up, again, is w hat w e refer to as the gas processor.

Figure 18. - Gas processor unit

[29:07] thats ionizing the gas to allow it to come in. So basically, in retrofit all w e are doing is simply tapping off the exhaust gases

Figure 19. - Tapping off of the exhaust gases

[29:13] from the conventional engine, w ere now using the gas processor to utilize the ambient air to ionize the gases w hich is now mixing w ith the w ater w hich now converts to w ater fuel. We are allow ing the w ater fuel to go into the injector thats now plugged into our replacement spark plug and allow s the engine now to run off the thermo-explosive energy from hydrogen. So basically, all w e are doing is taking the gasoline out of the tank, filling it up w ith w ater. We now replace the spark plugs w ith the w ater fuel cell injector, and w e now hook a small little miniaturized computer w hich controls and meter mixes the gases going into the engine to allow the engine to accelerate and decelerate. So the installation is a very small, lightw eight, compact electronic control system.

[30:05] (Interview er) Ok, the distributor, is that going to be the same distributor? Or do you have a modified version? Or is there anything additional to it? [30:11] Yes, w e do modify the distributor as is show n over here

Figure 20. - Modifications to insert Meyer's Laser Distributor between the distributor cap and distributor assembly

[30:17] We simply take of the conventional rotor cap off a conventional engine, and w e put the laser distributor in betw een the distributor assembly and the cap

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and this (referring to the laser distributor) now sends signals to the computer system w hich w ill really be a composite of several integrated circuit chips that miniaturizes the hydrogen computer system. [30:45] (Interview er) This w hole hydrogen stuff, isnt it extremely explosive in the car? Is there any danger involved in the safety aspect of it all? [30:51] No. Weve actually solved the problem. There is no storage of hydrogen w hatsoever. The w ater goes into the injector, w hich now allow s it to go into a high pulse voltage zone, w hich performs electrical polarization process so the w ater is only being converted into the thermo explosive energy as it enters the injector so the thermo explosive energy is now only occurring inside the engine. So the electronic system is designed to regulate and control the explosion of the energy so now it co-equals that of gasoline so theres a tremendously fail-safe operable system. [31:22] (Interview er) Ok. So its a safe, its a small system [31:25] Yes. [31:26] (Interview er) W hat about maintenance of the car engine itself? Do w e need more maintenance? Is it different? Do w e have to modify anything on the maintenance schedule? [31:36] No. Just keep the same maintenance as you have it. Since your releasing thermal explosive energy into the engine and your co-equaling the burn rate of gasoline, there is very little maintenance. If there is any maintenance at all, w e developed the technology years ago that w e could really impregnate the cylindrical w alls of the engine w ith Teflon and w e can even impregnate treat the bearings and literally run an engine on off of the Teflon and eliminate the oil. If that occurs then, you can use a product something like Slick50 in the engine and if you w ould need it. But the w ear factor, since its a very clean burning fuel, hydrogen is a very clean burning fuel, then the engine oil is not contaminated under the old method of running a gasoline engine or diesel fuel. So its an extremely clean burning fuel. [film w as edited and loops back to a different point in the tape] [32:35] (Interview er) Stanley, w hat about the valves in the engine? Dont the pistons burn out because there is no lubrication of the lead or any other additives to the usual gas engine? [32:44] No. The valves have been designed very recently to operate off of nonleaded gasoline. And since w e use the exhaust gases to cycle back in and to modulate the burn rate of hydrogen gas, as w e now control the burn rate to coequal gasoline engine temperature and operations are duplicating the same thing on gasoline or diesel fuels. So you dont change the engine in anyw ay. This allow s us now to retrofit the w ater fuel cell technology to any existing engine. And thats very important because it now gives us the ability that w e can stabilize transportation as w e talked about before if the energy is cut off. [33:26] (Interview er) Ok. Now the accelerator. Can I still keep the same mechanical accelerator? Or do you have a new device for that as w ell? [33:31] Yes. We have developed w hat w e call the laser accelerator as you see right here here

Figure 21. - Laser acceleration assembly

Figure 21.5 - Mechanics of the laser acceleration assembly

[33:45] that simply is attached to the accelerator pedal and as you press the gas pedal dow n, it displaces the mechanical displacement into electrical impulses w hich now is fed into the micro miniaturized computer electronics. So, this gives us the abilities now to control the acceleration. This type of technology has given us the abilities to equal or supersede the performance of acceleration or deceleration of conventional cars running on gasoline or diesel fuel. So the hydrogen being tw o and half times more pow erful then gasoline gives us a tremendous amount of performance over the prior state of the art. [34:32] It runs very smoothly and it has a very unusual sensation. Generally w hen your running a car on gasoline, you have this kind of a pause. But w hen you are running on hydrogen in the w ay that w ere doing it, its a tremendous, its a constant acceleration. So its an extremely very fast responding fuel source thats coming from w ater, from hydrogen. [34:55] (Interview er) So your claiming that the performance is equal or better as a normal gasoline car. [34:59] Oh yes. Definitely. Itll even start up quicker. In the w inter time you are dealing w ith a liquid gasoline or liquid diesel fuel and you have problems w ith starting. In cold w eather, you dont freeze gas atoms and so by converting the w ater into instant energy, it gives us the ability to start the engine very very quickly. [35:23] (Interview er) So w hen you start an engine in the morning for instance, how long does it take before you can drive aw ay? [35:30] Oh, its an instantaneous start-up. Immediately w hen the pulse voltage frequency hits the w ater, it converts it to the gas w hich now produces the thermo explosive energy so its an instantaneous type of start. The electronic circuit interfacing gives us the abilities to control and meter the amount of w ater thats going in on the start condition as opposed on a run condition. So the computer automatically adjusts betw een the start condition and the run condition. So electronically w e have the abilities to adjust for these parameters. And the same as a conventional car, w e also have the abilities to adjust for different ambient air conditions going from sea level up into the mountain ranges so automatically the electronic circuitry design gives us the abilities to adjust each parameter and give us a very smooth operational performance. [36:23] (Interview er) W hat about air pressure? I mean w hen you go up high in the mountains you dont reduce ambient air there is no improvement on the performance of the car. [36:36] No, because here w e have a device, a metal bellow s, w hich now allow s to control the amount of ambient air going into the engine of the car.

Figure 22. - Metal bellows device allowing control over the amount of ambient air going into the engine

[36:51] this automatically allow s us to regulate the ambient air pressures going from sea level up into the mountain areas. So electronically these solenoids you see here

Figure 23. - Solenoids with pressure sensors that allows the computer to perform air pressure compensation as needed

[37:02] have sensors that automatically senses the amount of ambient pressures and they are automatically electronically adjusted to compensate for difference of air pressure. So this allow s us now to give tremendous good performance going from sea level right on up into the higher mountain regions. This blog entry is a follow up to some of my earlier w ritings about Meyers technology including: http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/09/17/w ater-as-fuel-w ith-puharich-and-meyer/ http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/11/17/meyers-gas-core-transformer/ http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2011/06/16/overview -of-meyer-w fc-gasmanagement-unit-electronics/ http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2011/06/16/simple-w fc-energization-circuit-by-alexpetty/ http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2011/06/13/stan-meyer-w ater-as-fuel-lecture-indenver-on-may-1997/ For real time discussion about this research, please join my Yahoo group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/meyer_w fc_replication/ So also the w eb site of my main collaborator and researcher partner Russ Gries: http://rw gresearch.com/ Like One like. Sign Up to see what your friends like.

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Overview of Meyer WFC Gas Management Unit Electronics

June 16th, 2011 During the next few w eeks, I w ill be w orking to reverse engineer all of Meyers circuits based on the huge amount of photographic evidence w hich has come into my possession (thanks to my friend and colleague in this research Russ Gries). I now have highly resolved photographs of the front and back sides of all the electronic circuits that made up Meyers w ork. It w ill therefore now be possible to reverse engineer everything! For starters: The rack below is Meyers Gas Management Unit (GMS).

Figure 1. - Meyer's Gas management system

This w as the control unit mounted in Meyers w ater pow ered dune buggy:

Gas Management Unit (GMS) installed in Meyer's water powered dune buggy

Closer shot of the GMS in Meyer's water powered dune buggy

This rack contains 18 module cards and a cable connection bay w ith 8 ports. The card modules are (from left to right): 1) Card Extender

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2) Exh Gate 3) Air Gate 1 4) Exhaust 5) Air Gate 2 6) Speed Limit 7) Alarm 8 ) Freq Gen 9) Water Cell 10) Accel 11) Injector 1 12) Injector 2 13) Injector 3 14) Injector 4 15) Dist 16) Dist 17) 10V Pow er 18 ) 5V Pow er

The cable connection bay contains the ports: 1) Alarm (7 pins) 2) Dist (7 pins) 3) Gate (2 pins) 4) Accel (32 pins) 5) Exhaust Gate (2 pins) 6) TOR (8 pins) 7) DC Pow er (2 pins) 8 ) VIC Circuit (6 pins)

Below are larger view images of these sections: 1) Card Extender

Figure 2. - Meyer's GMS card extender module

2) Exh Gate

Figure 3. - Meyer's GMS exhaust gate module

3) Air Gate 1

Figure 4. - Meyer's GMS air gate 1 module

4) Exhaust

Figure5. - Meyer's GMS exhaust module

5) Air Gate 2

Figure 6. - Meyer's GMS air gate 2 module

6) Speed Limit

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Figure 7. - Meyer's speed GMS limit module

7) Alarm

Figure 8. - Meyer's GMS alarm module

8 ) Freq Gen

Figure 9. - Meyer's GMS freq generator module

9) Water Cell

Figure 10. - Meyer's GMS water cell module

10) Accel

Figure 11. - Meyer's GMS accel module

11) Injector 1

Figure 12. - Meyer's GMS injector 1 module

12) Injector 2

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Figure 13. - Meyer's GMS injector 2 module

13) Injector 3

Figure 14. - Meyer's GMS injector 3 module

4) Injector 4

Figure 15. - Meyer's GMS injector 4 module

15) Dist

Figure 16. - Meyer's GMS dist 1 module

16) Dist

Figure 17. - Meyer's GMS dist 2 module

17) 10V Pow er

Figure 18. - Meyer's GMS 10V power module

18 ) 5V Pow er

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Figure 19. - Meyer's GMS 5V power module

All 8 elements of the cable connection bay can be seen below :

Figure 20. - Meyer's GMS cable connection bay

1) Alarm (7 pins) 2) Dist (7 pins) 3) Gate (2 pins) 4) Accel (32 pins) 5) Exhaust Gate (2 pins) 6) TOR (8 pins) 7) DC Pow er (2 pins) 8 ) VIC Circuit (6 pins)

The GMS Unit connected to the Voltage Intensifier Unit.

Figure 21. - Meyer's VIC control unit

This unit w as mounted on the back of the w ater pow ered dune buggy as show n below .

Figure 22. - Meyer's VIC control unit installed in the rear of the dune buggy

This rack contains 11 module cards and a cable connection bay w ith 12VDC rail terminals, 2 cable connection ports and a pow er sw itch. The card modules are (from left to right): 1) Steam Resonator 2) Resonant Cavity 10 3) Resonant Cavity 9 4) Resonant Cavity 8 5) Resonant Cavity 7 6) Resonant Cavity 6 7) Resonant Cavity 5 8 ) Resonant Cavity 4 9) Resonant Cavity 3 10) Resonant Cavity 2 11) Gas Processor Each of these cards have identical user interfaces.

Ill be putting up details of the first card module soon.

Please also be sure to visit Russ site: http://rw gresearch.com/ Russ has done a lot great research including some further w ork on my discovery of the true function of Meyers EPG (ie. the gas core transformer http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/11/17/meyers-gas-core-transformer/). Like Sign Up to see what your friends like.

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Simple WFC Energization Circuit by Alex Petty

June 16th, 2011 I have been w orking for many years on Meyers and Puharichs Water Fuel Cell implementations. Over the course of those years, I have had many people ask me about a good w ay to energize the w ater fuel cell. At various times, especially in recent years, I have found myself being fairly guarded on many of the technical details of my w ork. A few recent factors in my life have renew ed my sense of the importance and value of open source engineering for game changing technologies such as Meyers Water Fuel Cell. I have therefore recommitted myself to moving forw ard from this point w ith 100% transparency and w ill hence foster a spirit of total cooperation w ith all other open source researchers out there w orking on these technologies. So, in response to those of you w ho w ant to build a cell but feel that you do not have enough know ledge in electronics to get started, I here present to you the simplest analog circuit that I have designed for the purpose of pulsing w ater fuel cells. To adjust the frequency of your circuit into the resonant condition, sw itch out capacitor C2. You can use the follow ing equation to get you into the ball park. The resonant frequency for this case is given by:

To use the equation, you w ill need to know the inductance of L1, the capacitance of C5 and the resistance your w ater poses to the charge that is trying to move betw een the plates of C5. Once you have calculated the resonant frequency, you then select a capacitor for C2 that w ill output square w aves at this frequency. If you are unsure how to do this, just trial and error w ith a oscilloscope and w atch for peak amplitudes on your pulses. After you have dialed in to the resonant frequency for your circuit, you can add C3 (for the gate timing). This allow s the w ater capacitor some time so it can discharge in order that it can then cycle the step charging process over and over again. The off-time provided by the gate also allow s solitons to arise betw een the plates of C5.

Meyer-type WFC Energization Circuit designed by Alex Petty

Below is a link to the PDF file for the schematic above. http://w w w .singularics.com/docs/alex-petty_simple-w fc-energization-circuit.pdf I am also including a photo of a breadboard on w hich I have implemented the above circuit. My hope is that this w ill give those of you w ho need it a better feel for mapping the schematic to actual physical connections.

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Alex Petty's Simple Form WFC Energization Circuit

The view in the scope of the gating frequency at breadboard column 3 (the 3rd connection column from the left), at D15 (on U3) should look as given below :

Gating frequency

The view in the scope of the resonant frequency at breadboard column 3 (the 3rd connection column from the left), at D16 (on U3) should look as given below :

Resonate Frequency Pulses

The view in the scope of the gated resonant frequency at breadboard column 3, D30 should look as given below :

Gated resonant pulse train @ 3.32ms per block

A higher time resolution scope view of the gated resonant frequency seen at Col.3, D30 should look as below :

Gated resonant pulse train @ 1.66ms per block

If the VIC hardw are is w ell constructed, and the given circuit is w ell tuned to that hardw are, then the amplitude of the w aveform you w ill see arise betw een L2 and C5 w ill show instantaneous voltages w ell above 40kV and higher. This is w hat facilitates the electrical polarization process effect. This information I have just given you is the answ er to often asked question about w hat is the capacitance (or some other parameter) of a Meyer cell. The fact is, the specific values of the components are less important then the know ledge that your real goal is to cause the cell to pulse in a resonant condition. By resonance, I am specifically referring to that condition w hich occurs w hen the capacitive reactance of C5 equals inductive reactance of L1 (and by extension, L2). This resonant frequency is dependent only on the characteristics of the electronic components in use, including the resistance value of your w ater dielectric. Please feel free to share this design and use it how ever you w ish as I am placing it into the public domain. If you re-post it, please include attribution to me and a link back to my blog. (Thank you for that.) I hope you find this to be helpful. Like 2 likes. Sign Up to see what your friends like.

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Stan Meyer Water as Fuel Lecture in Denver on May 1997

June 13th, 2011 I am w riting today about the Water as Fuel Lecture presented by Stanley Meyer at the Denver Marriott in May of 1997. This blog entry is a follow up to some of my earlier w ritings about Meyers technology including: http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/09/17/w ater-as-fuel-w ith-puharich-and-meyer/ http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/11/17/meyers-gas-core-transformer/ The present video contains a very informative lecture by Stanley Meyer explaining the details of his w ater fuel cell electrical polarization process w hich he said could be used to pow er cars, trucks, trains, aviation, boats, ships, rockets, space stations and even crafts for deep-space exploration. Stan Meyer developed several cornerstone technologies in relation to w ater fuel. 1) a means to efficiently produce hydrogen gas from w ater 2) a means of slow ing hydrogens burn rate to co-equal the burn rate of slow er fuels by electronically mixing measured amounts of ambient non-combustible gases w ith the hydrogen gas prior to ignition. 3) a means to further increase the energy yielded by the w ater molecule through a process of extracting the atoms electrons w hile also electrically stressing the atom to sub-critical states prior to combustion. 4) a means of retrofitting all modern engines to use w ater fuel cell technology w herein no extensive modifications or alterations are necessary to perform the adaptation. 5) a means of tapping a limitless supply of electrical energy from w ater by opening up an energy aperture w ithin the atom itself through know ledge of a specific means of stressing and elongating the w ater molecule. Furthermore, Stanley states the he had already w orked out most of the manufacturing bugs standing in the path to mass produce retrofit kits for public use. Unfortunately for humanity, Stan Meyer w as allegedly poisoned on March 21, 1998 in an Ohio restaurant w hile toasting w ith NATO officials to his new 50 million research facility w hich w as to be built. Upon Stans death, his brother Stephen Meyer reported that sharks immediately moved in and stole most of Stanleys w ater fuel cell component designs, prototypes, notes, computers, and w ater fuel parts from his laboratory office. It seems possible that the pow erful corporate energy barons and the military w ho do their bidding did not w ant Stanley Meyers proven w ater fuel technology to be know n or utilized by the public and saw to it that he w as silenced. The one hour video is presented below in its entirety:

I expended the effort of transcribing the entire video so that the information it contains can be more easily review ed as needed. You w ill notice interspersed my occasional clarifications and editorial comments. See full transcript below . I suggest you open the player in one brow ser and read the illustrated transcript in another, pausing the player audio from time to time to carefully study the illustrations or to think about the concepts. (00:55) Thank you very much and thank you for coming this morning. I am not an early riser so if I am not activated you can kick me a little bit and w ell go on. Communication is really the name of the game in trying to develop new technology and get it commercialized. We do release a publication w e call The Birth of New Technology and on the TSRs that you have received, its a brief overview of the tech base. This is about a 230 page detailed step by step explanation on w hy and how w e actually can use w ater as fuel. We have other publications on the back of the manual. If you desire to have this manual, all you need to do is send us a letter of request, include in it a check draw n on a U.S. bank and w e w ill in turn immediately send back the data and literature to you. (Alex Petty: Stan Meyer died on 3/21/1998 and so this offer is no longer available, how ever you can dow nload the referenced document here: http://w w w .singularics.com/docs/meyer_full-data.pdf) (01:50) I have a very short period of time. Its hard for me to condense four hours of presentation dow n to less than an hour, so bear w ith me. Ill hit you very high in high technology. After the session if you have some questions feel free to ask once w e get into the presentation of it. (To the A/V team) Can you turn on the slides? Slide projector?

Figure 1.

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(02:21) In the historical events and in the developing, back during the Arab embargo, I did an analysis of w hy w e had an energy problem and w as alarmed that a little country over in the mid-east could actually cripple the United States because the industrial base of the United States and the w orld is based on w hat? The supply and the utilization of energy. My background is quite diversified from high-tech research and development, product development engineering, corporate entrepreneuring. Im an independent business man and I had alw ays kept in high-tech development and basically developed many, many products on my ow n. (02:53) W hen the Arab embargo actually hit the United States, I had a very lucrative business in retail into truck parts, making enormous sums of money. But w hen the trucks stopped along the road and the goods and services w here no longer moving out of the Columbus Ohio area, I started asking the question, How long do w e have before the food supply chain in the United States w ould be disrupted? They said Stan, If you dont get your trucks up and running w ithin 27 days, youll disrupt that food supply chain and in the w orld its less than that. (03:23) W hen I did the analysis, as to w hy w e had an energy problem, and looked into w hat technology w as available, it became quite apparent to us that w e had to solve the energy problem. And in my high-tech background, I realized most generally the problem is not solved by the multi-international or the government, its generally solved by an individual or group of people w ho see a need and come together and solve a problem. So I w ent in my office laboratory and I just simply asked the prayer to God. I said, God, I love my country. Its the greatest country in the w orld; I have been all over the w orld. If you w ill help me put a pow er supply in the country, Ill do anything you w ant to do. And subsequently, I w as filled w ith Holy Spirit, I exercised all the gifts of the Holy Spirit and this is how Ive been bringing the technology in.

Figure 2. - A collection of Stan's Patents

Figure 2.5 - Another image of Stan's Patents

(04:04) The mountain w as so high because at that time, being involved in hightechnology I realized that by the various and numerous different w ays of how to control and suppress high technology. I had been there. I have observed it. So the only thing I had, the intellect to accomplish it. I had the motivation to get it accomplished. The one thing I did not have w as the faith to be able to overcome the obstacles that w ould be put before you to try to bring in alternate fuel source. And of course, in the conference I alw ays hear all of the horror stories about people w ho have tried to bring in alternate fuel sources and many of those stories are true. So I needed to release my faith unto the Lord. (04:49) The first objective w as to be able to, that I knew from my prior experience, legalize the technology first and then bring the technology out. There are many loop holes in the national patent law s and so its required that you w ould understand these loop holes and try to prevent a technological blockage from occurring. Now back then, it became quite obvious that it w as not going to take one patent, miracle patent, to solve the energy problem. It w ould take many patents integrated together to come up w ith full systems development. Many problems that confront the inventor that they make a classical mistake in developing their ideas is they do not develop the technology to maturity. We alw ays talk about the environmental problems and w e are leading into a w orld global crisis in many different areas simultaneously.

Figure 3. - Meyer's Spaceship Earth

(05:40) In the case for the privilege to run an internal combustion engine off of fossil fuel for the last 70 years or so, all the nice little chemical oxides going out in the exhaust. W hen that car or engine or diesel engines running off of fossil fuels those chemical oxides are actually electrovalently linking up to the ionosphere and shutting of the light, sunlight, coming into our atmosphere. Several years ago, I w as taken to a very beautiful part of the tundra, the Scandinavian countries. In Sw eden I had recently gone back and all the trees w ere dying. And they asked me, Stan, w hy are our trees dying? The very trees that w e need in order to convert the CO2 back to O2, to have the O2 for breathing. (Alex Petty: Stan, varfr vra trd d? Den mycket trd som vi behver fr att omvandla CO2 till O2, att ha O2 fr andning.) And I said, Well, chemical oxides are electrovalently linking up to the ionosphere is shutting off the sunlight by as much as 10% in certain global regions, is allow ing the bio-germ of blight to be formed w hich is now killing off our trees that w e need in order to sustain and maintain life on Earth. In conclusion, w e alw ays talk about the Greenhouse Effect, that the chemical oxides are heating up our air. We are having tremendous climatic conditions. Its continually getting w orse. The polar caps are melting at a rate now to cause the surface of the oceans to rise one and a half inch per year. (07:03) If you have any land dow n in Florida, I suggest that you try to go to higher ground in the next couple of decades. I believe the highest elevation in Florida is 50 feet. So it w ont take you very long to calculate how long Florida w ill be under w ater. In conjunction to this, of course the polar caps are melting is causing an imbalance and the Earth is starting to w obble even at a faster rate than it has done in the past. But in conjunction w ith all of this, the core samples from the polar region have show n that prior to the industrial revolution, the oxygen content of the air w as around 30%. For the privilege to drive an internal combustion engine off of fossil fuels that 30% has been dropped to less than 20%. You see the O2 going into the engine and linking up to the chemical oxides is coming out to a poison. It is very illogical for us to say w ere very intelligent, yet its illogical that w eve allow ed the fuel men to control our economies in such a w ay that w ere killing the Earth, ecological life support system. It is illogical to pollute the air, the land, the w ater and the sea and expect that w e are going to live for a period of time to tell about it. We are almost at a crossroad w here w e may not be even able to reverse the damage that is being occurred on this spaceship called Earth.

Figure 4.

(08:16) In conjunction to this, in running an internal combustion engine, the O2 content is dropping to less than 20%. The population w ill go from about 5.6 billion to about 9 billion in the next 12 to 15 years. And China has opened the doors to Western technology and it is estimated that it w ill be roughly about 1.3 to about 1.5 billion cars running around. W hen youre driving your car, your processing hundreds of thousands of millions of cubic feet through that engine and youre causing the Greenhouse Effect. Now w e must be able to reverse the ecological damage thats being done to Earth. At the same time, be able to maintain the industrial base of the w orld. (09:00) Many of you probably are not aw are of that during the Gulf Arab War, the U.N. really got the United States to use a form of nuclear w eapons, low energy grade tanks projectors, that w ould penetrate the surface of the tank. If you w ould look at this photograph you w ould see the tanks w ere blow n apart like paper machete. If you looked at the corpses, the corpses w ere carbonized from inside out. Under the Freedom of Information Act, it w as absolutely confirmed that w e released w ell over 100 tons of one of the most highly radioactive materials over there. It has also been confirmed that Saddam Hussein kept his promise and used chemical biological agents over there and of course the so-called Gulf War Syndrome has all of the effects of the radiation and the chemical biological agents. A lot of the oil over there is contaminated. I have talked to I have had very high level meetings w ith representatives from the Arab nations w ho have confirmed this. Five nations have confirmed that this oil is contaminated. If this contaminated oil w ould be allow ed to come in our country, or any country in the w orld, then the internal combustion engine w ould become the greatest w ar w eapon that you could have ever imagined. If that contaminated and radio active oil comes into a country, you can imagine stopping behind a car w hen at a traffic light in summer time w ith the w indow s dow n, a breathe this contaminated oil, I w ould assure you and all probability that you w ill develop lung cancer. And the internal combustion engine under this condition, you could probably knock off about 220 million Americans to do it in less than tw o years or so, and knock off about 360 million Europeans. (10:32) W hether the oil is cut off to us or not, by w ar, or by contamination, or by other means, the Arabs are not in love w ith America. They could just as easily turn around and sell the remaining oil to China w ho w ants now to industrialize and has the same goods and services that you and I have been enjoying over the last 200 years or so. (10:55) The key to trying to solve the energy problem w as naturally to go to w ater.

Figure 5.

A lot of people dont realize that w hen you drive your car on gasoline or diesel fuel, youre actually running off of hydrogen. The gasoline roughly has about a half a pound of hydrogen to it by atomic w eight. Water on the other hand, has tw o and a half times more hydrogen to it and under the National Bureau of Standards, its tw o and half times more pow erful than gasoline. So it became quite imperative that if w e could use w ater as a fuel source, w e w ould not only be able to solve the environmental pollution problem, but w e could sustain the industrial base of not only the United States, but the w orld at large. Therefore w e w ould not go into a global economic chaos, as oil is being dw indled. It has been confirmed that the OPEC oil fields are depressurizing much like they had depressurized in the United States. You cant keep pulling all the oil out at the large volume that they have. OPEC had informed the industrial leaders several years ago that they could not increase the demand of oil to supply for the increasing industrial base of the w orld. (12:04) Their natural pressures are dropping 3 times faster than occurred in the United States and you can calculate very quickly that in fact those fields become depressurized at the rate such that w e probably have about 8 or 12 years of supply of oil coming out of the Mideast. After that, the domino effect w ill occur. Countries are now and w ould become destabilized and in all probability global w ar w ill occur over energy. Believe me! That is a very realistic view of w hats confronting us.

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Figure 6.

(12:38) Know ing this, it became imperative that w e must use a fuel source thats very free, abundant, and very readily available. It also turned out that w ater per pound of natural gas compared to w ater its about one pound to one pound; one pound of gas to one pound of w ater. The blessing to it is that the w ater provides its ow n oxygen for combustion so therefore you eliminate the O2 being extracted out of the air.

Figure 7. - The Electrically Charged Water Molecule

(13:06) It became imperative to find a w ay, the how to pull apart the w ater molecule and do it in a physical manner, not chemical. And so you have to learn how to ask the right scientific questions and w hat actually took place that w hen the unlike atoms take on a covalent bonding, under the law of physics, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. No one w as asking the question, Well, once the unlike atoms come together to form the w ater molecule, w hat actually takes place? (13:39) And w hat actually occurred w as that in fact that in the field of physics in the outer orbit, the L orbit, that normally the oxygen atom by itself has 8 electrons and 8 protons. But w hen the unlike atoms of hydrogen is covalently linked up to the oxygen atom, then the L orbit now accepts up to 10 electrons and as a result the oxygen atoms sw ings to a negative electrical charge. Since the hydrogen atom is now shared its negative charge electron, the positive charge of the hydrogen atom now sw ings positive. Therefore the w ater molecule w as bi-polar electrically charged. Heretofore, they assumed in the field of science, that all molecular structures w here held together by the electrical magnetic attraction force, but w e had show n in fact that there is an electrical attraction force, q and q prime, that actually is formed betw een the unlike atoms. (14:33) This electrical attraction force is now called in the field of science, electrovalent bonding. You know , the scientific w orld likes to be able to put names to phenomena, and that electrical attraction force that holds tw o unlike atoms is equal to the tw o shared negative electrons that the oxygen atom has now accepted from the hydrogen atoms under the law of physics that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Figure 8. - Voltage Dynamics

(15:01) So it became very apparent from this discovery that if w e w ould expose the w ater molecule to opposite voltage potentials of electrical stress, and shut off the flow of amps, opposite of that from an electrolysis process, w e could simply now cause the w ater molecule to be pulled apart. And this w as very w ell established by Coulombs Law , New tons second law of electrical force, that w henever you expose an electrically charged particle to a voltage of opposite polarity, you w ill cause that electrical charged particle to go into a movement. So in other w ords, if I w ould create a positive voltage field, w ould not the negative charge electron be attracted to the positive voltage field under the law of physics that opposite charges w ill w hat? Attract? And if I set up a negative voltage charge on the opposite side w ould I not now have a repelling action that like charges w ill repel?

Figure 9. - Electrical Polarization Process

(15:59) And so therefore, in an electronic circuit, you can set up electrical attraction force of opposite polarity and w e discovered w e could simply pull apart the w ater molecule in a physical manner simply by causing the positive charge of the hydrogen atom to be attracted to the negative voltage plate and at the same time the negative charged oxygen atom be attracted to the positive voltage field. (16:20) Three things occur simultaneously w hen pulling apart the w ater molecule in a physical manner. Number one, you have the elongation of the w ater molecule. As the w ater molecule is elongated, then you have w hat is called changing the time share rate of the electrons, w hich causes a sw itch-off of the electrons by the native intelligence of the hydrogen atom. It says, I w ant to maintain as an atom. And then you have w hat is called covalent sw itch-off. (16:49) (To the A/V team) Well Murphys law came into existence, can you check to see if I can move the slide? (16:58) Anybody know about Murphys law ? W hatever can go w rong w ill go w rong? So w hen Murphy show s up, then it becomes a blessing.

Figure 10. - Covalent bond shut-off

(17:06) Now in this particular case, w e are transferring the electrical stress from the molecular structure of w ater and applying electrical stress across the combustible gas atoms of the w ater molecule. And w hat actually happens is that since the nuclei is positive electrically charged, it w ill migrate now to the negative voltage field and the negative charged electron is now being migrated to the positive voltage field. And therefore w e are now starting to elongate the atoms of the w ater molecule. We are putting electrical stress on the combustible gas atoms. Therefore w e are slow ing dow n the spin velocity of the electron and under the electromagnetic theory of magnetism says that w henever an electrically charged particle passes through an electrostatic field, its byproduct is an electromagnetic energy. So the strength of the electromagnetic field of the atom is directly related to the spin velocity of the electron. (17:59) So w hen I put an opposite electrical charge and create this opposite electrical stress on to the atom, then I slow dow n the spin velocity, therefore electromagnetic field strength of the atom becomes w eakened. Now there are four forces that affects an atom. There is electrical force, electromagnetic force, w eak and strong nuclear force and gravity. W hat force affects all the others? Electrical force!

Figure 11. - VIC Impedance Network

(18:26) So it became obvious that the electrical polarization process, the Lord had me develop the VIC circuit, using the dielectric value of w ater as part of the electronic component of the circuit. I put tw o resonant coils on either side of the capacitor w hich is formed by tw o voltage zones, and the dielectric liquid of w ater and therefore it became a tuned pulsing circuit and w hen you adjust it into the dielectric value of w ater, you are now allow ing the voltage across the tw o voltage zones to cause the electrical polarization to separate the w ater molecule in a strictly physical manner. You do not consume voltage in electronic circuit, you restricting the current therefore you know have a very economic w ay of releasing the hydrogen and oxygen from w ater economically.

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Figure 12. - An alternate illustration of the VIC (alternate image from video)

(19:12) This is another illustration of the circuit.

Figure 13. - Bifilar amp inhibiting circuit (alternate image from video)

(19:16) We are now bifilar w inding the resonant coils to give it an enhancement of amp restriction to allow the voltage to perform the w ork.

Figure 14. - VIC Coil Assembly

(19:26)

Figure 15. - Voltage Charging Effect

(19:28) We w ent through the system engineering.

Figure 16. - Resonant Cavity Water-Fuel Injection

(19:30) We found out that as you raise the voltage higher, the more gas w as being generated; not on a linear effect as to the electrolysis process.

Figure 17. - Thermal explosive energy of water

(19:39) We found out that the electrical polarization process occurs in all forms of natural w ater, even the most purest form of distilled w ater.

Figure 18. - Ionization Stage (alternate image from video)

(19:49) Now the technology of using w ater as fuel w as actually invented and developed through the eyes of a businessman. Under the law of economics, the guy w ho comes up w ith the cheapest w ay is going to w in out. You there is a lot of catalytic ideas that come into existence, but they dont apply the law of economics and they never really get out the door. And it w as also developed under the KISS Method. Anybody know w hat the KISS Method is? Keep It Simple Stupid! Dont make it complicated. Now w hen I started back in the late 70s, I couldnt go to any text books to show these things, but the discoveries are quite simple once the realization of the mechanism w as there it became quite obvious that w ater w as a fantastic fuel source. (20:32) Heres w here w e are increasing the voltage to higher to start to cause the w ater molecules to go into an ionization state much like that of a florescent tubes.

Figure 19. - Triggering Resonance

Figure 20. - Sustaining Resonance

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Figure 21. - Resonant Propagation

(20:41) Now w e got into a very interesting part is that w hen w e tune into the dielectric value of w ater, you go into atomic resonance w hich I w ill talk about w hich now propagated release of energy that caused a magnitude of increase in hydrogen gas production w ay over the prior state of the art, the electrolysis process.

Figure 22. - Energy yield and resonance (alternate image from video)

(21:01)

Figure 23. - Method to adjust the burn rate of hydrogen

Figure 24. - Method to adjust the burn rate of hydrogen, view 2

(20:03) Next in the invention w as to learn how to adjust the burn rate of the hydrogen oxygen gases. Normally w hen you combust hydrogen and oxygen the burn rate is around 325 centimeters/second. But in order to adjust the burn rate to co-equal that of the fossil fuels, if I am able to do this, to accomplish it, then I w ould have a retrofit system that w e can retrofit to every internal combustion engine in existence and therefore maintain the economies of the w orld.

Figure 25. - Burn rate adjusted oxyhydrogen gas flame

(21:33) This show s a hydrogen and oxygen flame that is being adjusted to around 37 cm/sec. Most generally if you remember your high school chemistry days w hen you light the gas it goes FFFUHFAH, its burning at 325 cm/sec. You got your igniting the gas and the flame is being sustained and maintained from ordinary natural w ater w ith a temperature of w ell over 5000 degrees plus.

Figure 26. - Method to adjust the burn rate of hydrogen (alternate image from video)

(21:54) In order to do this, there is a characteristic of w ater that w ater is also like a sponge; it w ill absorb ambient air. The natural w aters around the w orld w ill have anyw here from 9 to 11 percent of ambient air, the bulk of ambient air composed of non-combustible gases like nitrogen and argon other gases and as a result w hen you pull apart the w ater molecule from w ater, you are also releasing the ambient air w ith non-combustible gases and so its a multi-gas generator and it automatically adjusts the burn rate dow n to around 47 centimeters/second. So w e are now using the w ater as a gas mixing regulator. Now if I am using the w ater as a gas mixing regulator, is it costing me anything? Now , so far, under the law of economics, if I am using ordinary rain w ater, I dont process the w ater in anyw ay, I dont add any chemicals into the w ater, is it costing me anything? The political system has been trying to find w ays of how to tax rain w ater. And of course I am not interested to get into that discussion w ith them. Secondly, voltage zones are composed of stainless steel materials w hich is chemically inert to the process. So under lab actual certification testing the longevity is like .0001 per year. So if any of you people live for about 10,000 years, come back and tell me, but normally you w ould not have to replace the voltage zones so I am still complying w ith the law of economics, right? If I am restricting current flow dow n the minimum and I am raising voltage higher w ell then, is it costing me very much in electrical pow er in order to split the w ater molecule? Now this does not create energy. The only thing w e are doing is developing the ability to release the energy from w ater.

Figure 27. - Preventing gas ignition (alternate image from video)

(23:31) Now w e found the ability to adjust the hydrogen burn rate to any burning level from fossil fuels all the w ay on dow n to burning leaves and paper. Weve developed now the ability for anti-spark back by using the mixture of the gas w ith non-combustible gases that somew here along the line in that tube w hich w e call a quenching circuit, the non-combustible gas separates the hydrogen and oxygen gases and as a result as you terminate the gas generation theres no spark ignition going back into the resonant cavity.

Figure 28. - Quenching Nozzle (alternate image from video)

Figure 29. - Quenching tube allows hydrogen to be distributed without spark-ignition (alternate image from video)

(24:03) And you have that spark arrestor irregardless of gas pressure or volume.

Figure 30. - Spark-ignition tube

(24:10) This gives you an example of the burn rate. To understand it, if I put hydrogen and ambient air into it and ignited one end, the rate of burn is roughly around 325 cm/sec. If I put natural gas and ambient air in it and ignite the gas, it burn at around 47 cm/sec. So it became very obvious that if I now mix the hydrogen and the oxygen gas w ith non-combustible gases that do not support the burning process, then I can adjust the burn rate of the hydrogen gas to coequal that of the fossil fuels.

Figure 31. - Meyer's table of burn rates for various gases

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(24:43) That w as the number one major invention that allow ed us now to go ahead and retrofit to any internal combustion engine or any device thats absolutely been running on fossil fuel. We now have a very economical w ay of doing this using ordinary w ater. Now the byproduct of burning w ater, anybody know ? Is w ater! And as a result of that, automatically in doing this w e are solving the environmental pollution problem. If youre running a car on w ater in the example, you no longer are putting chemical oxides in the air from the byproduct of burning the fossil fuels. That w ater mist being expelled out of the system is environmentally safe.

Figure 32. - Recycling flame gases

(25:21) We had to be able to adjust the burn rate to low er than the 5,000 degrees it show s on the video tape. You have to get a little practical about this because if you put that type of flame on the stove and your w ife decides, I w ant to do some cooking, but you burn holes in her pots and pans. Im afraid the sell job w ould be a little bit harder. So you have to be practical about it.

Figure 33. - Water fuel cell retrofitted to an internal combustion engine

(25:46) So that learned us the abilities to adjust the burn rate. Now that gave us the abilities to develop the technology to run an internal combustion engine off of w ater. As an engineer, you look at the engine in three w ays. Number 1, its a mechanical drive device. It got us here today. Secondly, is it not an air pump? It pumps the air through the engine and out the exhaust. Thirdly, is it not a manufacturer of non-combustible gases? And the answ er is yes because w hen the ambient air goes through the engine at the low temperature of combustion, its not going into the plasma state and so the non-combustible gases of air has very little effect to the combustion process. It does not alter it in any w ay, yet w e take the non-combustible gases from air and electronically meter mix it back into the fuel gases from the w ater and therefore you can adjust the burn rate to co-equal the fossil fuels. Now , in the law of economics, how much does it cost me for air? Anybody can tell me its still free right? So I still got rain, w ater is free. I still have ambient air thats free.

Figure 34. - Gas grid network

(26:48) Here w as another billion dollar patent that w as developed. Prior art said that the only w ay you could transport hydrogen w as cool it dow n to 465 degrees below zero, put it under pressure and truck it dow n the road expending diesel fuel. All w e need to do is take ambient air, mix it, expose it to a flame, to create the non-combustible gases, mix it w ith the hydrogen, and w e can adjust the hydrogen burn rate equal to or less than that of natural gas and transport to any gas grid system anyw here in the economy w ithout even changing a valve.

Figure 35. - Hydrogen fracturing process prior to gas ignition

(27:21) Ok, w eve gone through all of these w onderful things of how to split the w ater molecule but the problem w as, w hat good w ould it be to develop a system for home heating or to develop a system to run an internal combustion engine if you cant keep the industrial doors open. Now during the Arab embargo I w as called in to a meeting w ith the Columbia gas system that informed us, the industrial leaders, that our natural gas w as being cut off 100%. I saw some of the richest and most pow erful industrial leaders in the state of Ohio popping pills and I thought they w ere going to have a heart attack. Because, basically, w hat they told us w as w ithout energy, w e cannot produce a product. If w e cannot produce a product, can w e make profit? If you cant make profit, you dont pay your bills. And the bigger you are, the quicker you fall. And they tried to Rally w ith all of their money and all of their efforts in intellect in the industry to try to come up w ith an answ er to the energy problem. But I learned a long time ago in high-tech development, I dont care how many billions of dollars in research you have, you cant pay for creativity. Creativity comes from God if its a benefit for mankind and I just simply asked a prayer to God, If you show me a w ay, I love my country, its the greatest country in the w orld, Ill do anything you w ant me to do. So I embarked on developing the technology. But during the Arab embargo, w e had roughly about tw o and a half days of fuel for global defense. Today its dow n to a day and a quarter. W hen it gets dow n to roughly a days supply, the Joint Chiefs of Staff w ill have to make a decision no more global defense. There are people called w ar brokers. They are men and w omen w ho are highly trained in bringing countries into w ar, w hich is the largest and most profitable business in the w orld. Making and designing w ar equipment, go out and pay a billion dollars for a tank, blow it up go back next w eek and get another one. Right? (29:05) So there are people w ho decide to try to propagate their business and increase their profit ratios by this method. But the key w as that, I learned as a young man, you must negotiate from a point of great strength. We needed to protect the military integrity of the United States. I w as informed by the military of their problem. Even the admiral of the Navy, in talking to them, told me that during the Arab embargo that almost 60% of the entire nuclear fleet became inoperable. You see, these nuclear modules in the subs, w hen you w ork them 7 days a w eek for a period of 6 months they become radioactive and they become hot. So you have to pull out these modules and put new ones in. Now of course, the diesel fired submarines w here no longer operable because w e had no fuel. The Arab embargo happened to be the greatest thing that ever happened in America because it w oke us up to that w e had a great problem; that our entire military integrity and the economic base of the United States w as in jeopardy. In Japan, of course, makes in their economy to convert raw materials into finished products and they have to import oil and so they experienced one of the same things. (30:18) So now w e go dow n to the atomic destabilization of the w ater molecule. Einstein basically said that if you knew how to get in to a gallon of w ater, if you could tap into this energy source you could take a thousand car train around the Earth many, many times. There is an enormous amount of energy in a gallon of w ater and if you look at the Equinox Tape, youll see w here they talk about that one glass of w ater has enough energy that you could literally vaporize all of the oceans of the w orld.

Figure 36. - Electron Extraction Circuit

(30:47) We started embarked on this technology and so therefore w e now developed the electron extraction circuit that not only do w e cause the electrical polarization process, and as w e pluck the electrons off the atoms of the w ater molecule, w e pull the electrons out of the w ater, out of the resonant cavity and therefore the byproduct is producing the electricity. So you can have selfsustained oscillations in the system.

Figure 37. - Destabilizing combustible gas ions

(31:11) Now it became important w hen w e started plucking the electrons that w e added laser energy, photon energy to it, w e are now bringing the atoms to sub-critical state and once w e bring it to sub-critical state, w e ignite the gases and enormous amount of energy is released. Its called the hydrogen fracturing technology.

Figure 38. - Stable Atomic State (Atomic Energy Equilibrium)

(31:28) Now to understand this w e are talking about in the conference about zero-point energy. Now basically the understanding of this is that in the law of physics, the atoms reach a stable state of equilibrium. The atoms in this podium here is in a stable state of equilibrium. It only becomes activated if I take a match and light it and the w ood starts to burn to release energy. But under the law s of physics under stable state of equilibrium the electron moves in a spin velocity of the electron moves at a constant velocity and it maintains at a constant spin velocity. But that is illogical because the electron, number one, has mass its one eighteenth 40 th the size of the nucleus, it exhibits an electrical charge, it exhibits an electrical magnetic field and it moves through an electrostatic field. And those force factors that are opposing the spinning of the orbital electrons says that eventually that electron w ould simply slow dow n and attach itself to the outer w alls of the nucleus. But it does not. And therefore it becomes quite obvious that energy must come into the atom to stabilize and maintain the stable state of equilibrium of the atom. Energy must come into the atom.

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Figure 39. Opening the energy aperture with molecular elongation

(32:45) Now let me illustrate it this w ay. The Lord says to me, We have eyes but w e do not see. We have ears but w e do not hear. W hat causes the energy of the formation of a hurricane? Or a tornado? And w hat causes lightning to be formed in a storm cloud? And w hat the Lord has show n me is this. Posed several questions: How is it that a fetus in a mothers w omb can undergo atomic structuring to give us life? The mother doesnt take in enough food and nutrients or enough solar energy to create one atomic structure. How is it that you can take a seed of a plant, put it in the ground and grow a tree 90 foot high? That tree doesnt take in enough nutrients or photon energy from the sun to create one atomic structure yet the seed creates atoms, molecules, chemical processes that sustains life. (33:39) Einstein said that if w e extend our hands in opposite directions, somew here along the line our hands w ould meet. That means our Universe is circular in nature. The Ret effect in astronomy show s that in fact that our universe is expanding at a fantastic alarming rate. How is mass being created in our Universe? Einsteins equation energy equals mass times the square of light show ed that the potential of the light w as greater than that of the third dimension. That energy is coming into a third dimension in order to create and sustain our lives as w e know it. (34:12) It became quite obvious then that if w e w ould now take the atom and expose it to opposite electrical stress. Now , in the law of physics and science, w e know that energy coming into our universe comes through the atomic structure. Now w e know that if w e hit the atom, physically, w e release heat energy, right? Like a hammer hitting a nail. We know that Thomas Edison came along and oscillated the atom by w ay of current flow and that w as the invention of the light bulb. Gould came along and caused the atom to absorb photon energy and reradiated and that w as the invention of the laser device. The precursor to that w as the MASER w here w e had learned that w e can cause the atom to absorb electromagnetic energy and reradiate it and that w as the development of telecommunications. (35:03) You know w hen youre at a soccer game or a football game and all 80,000 plus people are screaming and hollering that the guy made a goal and you hear this trumpet and the guy goes PPPT like that into a trumpet. But its amplified and you can hear that noise in the trumpet clear across that soccer field w ith the screaming 80,000 fans screaming and very happy that this guy made a goal. A trumpet in a sound box is actually a amplifier demonstrating that this energy can be tapped into and w e see it and its around us every day. (35:38) Now for an example, in a hurricane, w hen the temperature varies and the heat starts to rise, it starts the vortex. As it starts the vortex, it now draw s in the w ater moisture into the vortexing air. The air as its now sw irling is causing electrical charges, both positive and negative, across the outer side of the vortex in air and those electrical charges causes the w ater molecule to flex and thats w hat fuels the hurricane and a tornado. (36:10) The reason w hy you have lighting form at a rain front is because w hen the hot air and the cold air meets together and starts to rise, the clouds start to vortexing they take on opposite electrical charges, it draw s the w ater moisture in betw een the clouds and flexes the w ater molecule under particle oscillation as an energy generator by w ay of electrical stress, and voila, you have lightning. Its all around us. W here is the energy coming through to create the lightning that fuels the hurricane? If you have the abilities to tap into this zero point energy, the energy coming into our universe, w e have an endless free w ay of having energy that can bypass the reliability on fossil fuels. (36:54) It became quite simple w hen you understand the mechanism that w hen you put the electrical stress across the atoms of the w ater molecule and as you elongate the atom, you are now transferring the electrical stress to the component parts inside the nucleus of the atom. Now in the meeting, it w as quite evident, and in a lot of meetings that w ere here in this symposium that it alw ays referred to as the requirement w as to tap into nuclear energy you must have high voltage potentials capabilities to do it. And w hat actually happens is that all these hundred or so particles inside the nucleus like the meson particles, dow n to the quarks and even the smaller particles they are all arranged in a geometric configuration and they are spinning on a vertical axis along w ith the spinning reference to the electrons. (37:42) As you put electrical stress on to these spinning particles you remember the old steam engine? W here you had these spinning balls and it w ould regulate the engine. Well, the mechanism naturally w hat happens w hen you split the w ater molecule, you flex the atom of the w ater molecule and as you do it, it w ill release energy. Now , the w ay it occurs is that as electrical stress is applied across these spinning particles inside the nucleus, they slow dow n. And the native intelligence says, I must have more energy in order to stabilize the atom in a stable state of equilibrium and therefore the energy aperture is opened. (38:20) Now you have the quarks, and the quarks are held together by gluons, right? Now w hat the hell are gluons? Well they are energy pathw ays. Hmmm? Thats right! Therefore energy is coming into the atom and is passing through the energy spectrum and is now being emitted outside of the atom and so the trigger mechanism is that if you put electrical stress on to that atom, you can cause that spin to slow dow n and the native intelligence says that energy aperture w ill open and more energy w ill go into the atom in order to try to stabilize a stable state of equilibrium. (38:55) Now , just as our eyes have the ability to see certain frequencies of energy, it doesnt say that there are not other frequencies of energy that are available. Now w e invented the infrared lens and the ultra violet lens, to detect those frequencies of energy, have w e not? It does not say that there are not other energy sources that are available.

Figure 40. - Energy aperture of the atom

(39:17) Here is an example that Mike that Dr. Pappas has show n that the energy being emitted to the nucleus and the outer energy spectrum of the atom is a directional force because the potential energy coming into our third dimension to create our universe as w e know it it has native intelligence to create our mass. It has the abilities to create and sustain our life form and that energy potential is one w ay, and so its a one w ay gate valve.

Figure 41. - Oxygen energy balance

(39:47) Now w e come to the point that as you expose the atoms of the w ater molecule under electrical stress youre now starting to oscillate the atom under electrical stress. So unlike Gould, and the others, w e are now applying electrical stress of opposite polarity across the atoms of the w ater molecule to cause particle oscillation as an energy generator by w ay of electrical stress.

Figure 42. - Hydrogen energy balance

(40:15) So now w e are causing the hydrogen oxygen atom to increase in energy, that every time you pulse it under enormous electrical stress, it adds more energy into the hydrogen and oxygen atom. Once you terminate the electrical stress pulse it now shuts off the flow of energy into the atoms and then that energy is now available to be utilized as w ork. (40:35) So basically w hats happening is the more you oscillate the combustible gas atoms under electrical stress, more and more and more and more energy is going into the combustible gas atoms. You now anyw here along that line can light the gas and release this enormous amount of energy thats available to us in the zero point energy and w e now have a w ay to pow er our trains, planes, boats and any other form of device that w e have in our economy.

Figure 43 - Energy pumping action

(41:03) We now take it, this is an example that not only are w e energy primeenant, w e can now pluck the electrons to destabilize the mass, open up the energy aperture even further and now release even more energy. (41:16) Now a classical example of this on a thermonuclear device; there is not enough energy in an atom to blow up anything. And you can prove this out very simple by taking an electron and passing it to a resistor and you get 1x amount of heat. A proton is 1840 times greater than that of an electron so I w ould pass it to the resistor and the opposite polarity attraction force, youll find out you get 1840 times more heat out of it. (41:44) W here is there enough energy in an atom to blow and destroy New York City? W hat actually happens in Uranium 235 and 238 is that you have the clustering of the protons w hich allow s the clustering now of the energy apertures. And then w hen you blow the atom apart by a neutron bombardment it actually destroys and rips open this energy aperture in a very violent w ay and this is the energy that really is releasing into our environment under that hostile environment that w ould blow up the city. W hat w e are actually doing is taking a very natural phenomenon that occurs in thermo-gas ignition and w e are simply enhancing its control and releasing it to the energy level that w e so desire.

Figure 44. - Hydrogen fracturing process

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Figure 45. - Hydrogen fracturing process

(42:24) Now w e get to the hydrogen fracturing point of the technology. This is w here w e take the atoms of the w ater molecule, w e take it to a sub-critical state, w e pluck off their electrons, w e add photon energy in it to take it to a very high stable state, and w e are now duplicating the muon process that has been very successfully demonstrated in universities in this country, w here they w ould take a muon and trick the hydrogen atom into accepting a muon, reject its natural electron. The muon w ould decay in a millionth of a second. There w as a readjustment w ithin the nucleus of the atom and says, Oh, I dont have an electron any more, I must release energy! and so w hen it tries to stabilize it flexes and releases and enormous amount of energy coming through our atom structure. (43:10) Here is w here w e are taking and causing at least four to five electrons to come out of the oxygen atom. Normally w hen an atom has at least 50% of its electrons missing, it acts like a little baby and blow s apart. In this particular case, w hat w e are doing is exposing the hydrogen atom to a photon energy, it absorbs it and causes their electrons to migrate farther aw ay from the nucleus. Its electrical attraction force becomes w eakened. W hereas the oxygen atom is eight times bigger and so w hen you take it on the gas ignition you have and as the unlike atoms try to come together to form the w ater molecule, it has an avalanche effect, mass density occurs and an enormous amount of energy is being released. (43:52) The projected energy yield release anyw here beyond up to and beyond 2.5 million barrels of oil per gallon of w ater.

Figure 46. - Voltage triggering

(44:02) Now w e dont need to get to that size because w e dont w ant to destroy the hydrogen and the oxygen process. (44:10) Ok, w eve done all this w onderful research in using w ater as fuel, but if you cant system engineer it, it doesnt mean anything. Right? So youre finding out a lot of talks in the symposium. This has been confirmed now in many, many governmental and university laboratories around the w orld. This is w here w e are now taking the w ater molecule, meter mixing it and exposing it betw een tw o high voltage zones. A box the polarity, shut off the current flow at around 40kV or higher and w e now instantly convert w ater into thermal explosive energy. (44:40) Now this device does not create energy, the only thing that w e are doing is utilizing the energy thats already there in the atom. Its a triggering process like a thermo-nuclear process, but this one here is under a control state.

Figure 47. - Tapered resonant cavity in a water fuel injector

(44:52) As a result of that w e developed w hat w e call a w ater fuel injector that simply replaces the spark plug or the injector port in your diesel engine or your spark plug in your gasoline engine or w e replace the nozzle injector in a jet engine and literally fly it off of w ater. Now an environmental issue, they alw ays talk about that the fluid inside the air conditioning is causing the destruction of the o-zone. Its not w hats causing it. Its w hen the jet engine is flying in the stratosphere, youll find out the O3 goes through the engine, it breaks dow n the O2 and covalently links up to the aviation fuel, it creates the chemical oxides going out thats reducing the sunlight and w e are destroying our o-zone. And I w ill tell you, if w e keep allow ing this to continue on, youre going to create enormous holes in the o-zone and its very w ell possible that our atmosphere w ill leak into outer space because the o-zone is the only thing that is really covalently or electrovalently linking up to keep our atmosphere in. If it does occur, I w ill tell you that its possible that w e can become another Mars; totally absent of any form of an environment, an atmosphere. (45:56) Here is w here w e now take in the resonant cavity. We are tuning the dielectric value of w ater and this acts as a amplifier that w e allow the electrical stress to be amplified and compressed and this allow s us to oscillate the w ater molecule atom farther and farther and farther aw ay from stable state equilibrium and then allow this out stretched atoms of the w ater molecule to be injected out of the injector. And w hen they come back, it flexes as an energy generator, releases the spark that ignites the gas

Figure 48. VIC Circuit

(46:28) and thats w hy w e can now go ahead and replace the spark plug. The VIC circuit now gives us the ability to do that.

Figure 49. - Dynamic voltage potential

(46:32)

Figure 50. - Various resonant cavity geometries

(46:34) The resonant cavities that can do this can take on different shapes. The tapered cavity acts as a compressional w ave. The low er one actually has high heat generation and therefore w e can vector the heat and thermal exposure to energy of hydrogen to any level that w e so desire from zero to ninety degrees. Heretofore that w as not invented in the prior art.

Figure 51. - Water fuel injection system

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Figure 52. - Water fuel management system (WFIS)

Figure 53. - Water fuel management system

(46:59) Now it became quite a simple system, w here w e are now taking the w ater, meter mixing it into w hat w e call a w ater fuel cell injector that replaces the spark plug. We meter mix the w ater and hit it w ith very high voltage, w e put the electrical stress across it and that energy now is released to run the car.

Figure 54. - Water fuel injection kit

(47:19) Theres an example of the w ater fuel injectors dow n on the bottom.

Figure 55. - Water fuel injector kit installed in the water powered dune buggy

(47:23) There you see it replacing the spark plug on the dune buggy.

Figure 56 - Stan's "new" EEPROM based controller system

(47:27) We are using the latest technology, an EEPROM technology and reducing it dow n to get us our cost effectiveness. The system is now in system upgrade for manufacturing.

Figure 57. - "Gas processor" installed on the water-power dune bugger

Figure 58. - Meyer's water powered dune buggy

(47:40) We are now using w hat w e call the gas processor to take the ambient air, amplify it, and so therefore w e are now using the internal combustion engine not to destroy the air but w ere using the process to use the internal combustion engine to now re-purify the air and bring it back up to the level that it w as prior to industrial revolution.

Figure 59. - Meyer's steam resonator handles the winter ice problem

(48:02) They alw ays ask me about w hat happens if w ater freezes in the w inter time. Well, the Lord had me develop a resonant steam resonator technology w hereby w hich since the w ater molecules bi-polar electrically charged, w e now put a pulse electrical charge across the atoms of the w ater molecule, w e stretch it, and then w e release it.

Figure 60. - Particle oscillation as an energy generator

Figure 61. - Atomic Energy Level Adjustment

Figure 62.

(48:12) Were stretching it like a rubber band and w hen w e release it, it releases energy that heats the w ater. So therefore w e have a very economical w ay now to heat your home or heat the w ater to prevent the w ater from freezing in the w inter time.

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Figure 63. - Air re-claimer technology

(48:34) This technology has allow ed us now to use w ater to even generate electrical pow er. Now w e had to design the system in full system development in order to get it in compliance. The technology is legalized under U.S. National Security Energy Act of 1992 w hich said that any alternate fuel source retro-fitted to an internal combustion engine must be oxygenated. We use the oxygen from the w ater. We are the only technology in the w orld that has that capabilities now . We got the U.N. to announce very recently to the w orld, Stop running all internal combustion engines off of fossil fuels and do it absolutely immediately because the acceleration of the Greenhouse Effect thats now taking place. Now all of these nice beautiful chemical oxides thats been put in the air by burning the fossil fuels, w e now as w ere running the engine on w ater, the byproduct is w ater mist. Those chemical oxides going through the engine can go through w hat w e call an air re-claimer and since those gases molecular structures are held together by a molecular attraction force, w e now can simply pull them apart and take it right back to the natural state to reverse the process thats been ongoing.

(49:45) Now the w ater can be slightly de-energized. There is unfortunately I mean fortunately for us if you allow a slight de-energizing of the w ater molecule, the question w as under the EPA are w e sw apping one environmental catastrophe for another? Are w e going to have a lot of flat w ater around? The answ er is no because once you allow the w ater mist to be exposed to the sun, it w ill absorb photon energy and bring it up to its original energy level.

Figure 61. - Atomic Energy Level Adjustment

Figure 64. - Open ended energy system. Sun cures problem of flat-water exhaust mist.

(50:13) So basically the technology is a solar device. Since w e are only using photon energy from the sun, are w e taking anything out of the environment? No. All w e are doing is taking the solar energy thats coming in from the sun and maintaining the industrial base of the w orld. In a w ay w e can use the universal energy, or zero point energy to amplify it. (50:32) Now NASA is looking at this technology for deep space exploration because basically w hat happens to the w ater molecule, you can take the w ater molecule and electrical stress, release its gases as hydrogen and oxygen, unite the gases to create thermo explosive energy, reunite the w ater molecule, cool it dow n using space as a heat synch, bring it right back through a recycling system to keep flexing the w ater molecule to keep tapping into this energy source and therefore w e have a fantastic economic energy source for deep space exploration as w ell as now have a fuel source capable for space station operations.

Figure 65.

Figure 66.

(51:06) We are an industrial contracting right now . Weve opened our doors to industry. We have legalized the technology under 35 U.S.C. 101. If there is any question about operability under that code in the US patent office, come on in gentlemen, w e w ant to see it. If you demonstrate it successfully you get your patents. And Ive alw ays recommended all the inventors please do not try to get a patent on an over-unity device at this stage of the game. How ever, the vacuum filled, German vacuum filled, association under Dr. Neeper has confirmed and tested over-unity of this technology. The Russians and the Ukrainians have confirmed. Theres people in Japan w ho have confirmed. Other have confirmed over-unity w ith this technology. And so w e now have it confirmed by the scientific community, now I believe it w ill go political.

Figure 67. - Meyer's tells us from beyond the grave, "its going to have to be mandated by the people" and to "come together to bring it in"

(51:54) We can demonstrate the technology. We can say its here but in actuality it will not be Stan Meyers to bring it in. It will be either you or I, the guy down the street, who will come together to bring it in. Otherwise, I do not believe an alternate energy source, whether water fuel cell or other, would ever come in. Its going to have to be mandated by the people to try to reverse the environmental problems, the environmental damage, thats actually occurring.

Figure 68. - ASER technology

(52:19) But w e are in industrial contracting. The technology led us to development of the ASER technology w here w e take the hydrogen atom and put it in the vacuum, similar to that of a laser, w e now cause and oscillate the hydrogen atom under enormous electrical stress of potential and oscillate it and potentially the ASER is potentially the most pow erful laser w eapon that w ill ever be developed by man at this particular stage. But w e use it in reference to heating or being able to use it as an element to cut metal or w hat have you.

Figure 69. - Jet engine water-fuel retrofit

(52:52) The internal combustion engine or jet engine could care less w hether its running on aviation fuel or w ater. Electronically w e adjust the burn rate to coequal that of the temperatures inside the combustion chamber of the jet engine and w e can literally run a jet engine and do it off of w ater. Its only a matter of technology allow s us now to scale it to any size to release the energy. And the technology lends itself to your rocket engines.

Figure 70. - History in the making

(53:22) Any questions? Yes. (Applause) Thank you. Question? (53:32) Q: If you start w ith a gallon of w ater, and you w ere saying for NASA rocket engines in space, how much w ater do you end up w ith at the end if you start w ith say 30 gallons of w ater? W hat do end up w ith? (53:51) A: In all of our tests its exactly the same. All your doing is putting electrical stress across the combustible gas atoms, your oscillating it, ok, youre taking it to a very high potential of oscillation, your releasing its energy but you

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are not destroying the atomic structure. Therefore you have no loss. (54:07) Q: So essentially w hat you are saying is that this could be a closed loop system w here you feed the w ater back in and you recycle it using the excited protons rebounds it. (54:16) A: Thats correct. In other w ords instead of allow ing the w ater mist just to go out the exhaust you could take a clear plastic tube or a glass tube and take the exhaust, expose it to the sun because the absorption is quite instant, and take it back and run it through and use a close loop system. (54:31) Q: W hen w ill you have a production kit ready for car retrofit? (54:37) A: Well, w e are in about five different major projects right now . One is w hat w e call the Heat Resonator for Europe. Thats 90% completed. W hat w e are doing is called a proof of concept that w e come up w ith the engineering standard to determine that w e have reached the operational parameters or specs of the unit and then w e convert it to mass production. The retrofit kit for the w ater fuel injectors for transportation, thats about 90 95% completed and its manufacturing standard. And so it w ould be roughly about a year or a year and half, tw o years bar that there is no form of opposition. Now w hen I started on the technology I didnt have one w hite hair on my head. Ok? Now Im w riting a book about it, its titled, W ith the Lord Theres Purpose, talking about my faith w alk. Im really on volume 38 and Ill probably be on volume 52 before its completed and w e can get it out the door. (55:38) Q: Stan, Im Eugene Mallove, I met you several years ago and.. (Stan interjects) Yes I do remember you. (55:41) I w as very impressed w ith the demonstration you show ed me in the Plexiglas cell and I just w ant to say this. You w ere not able to measure the input pow er. Now I am the editor and chief for a magazine called Independent Energy in Chicago city. I w ould be delighted to have my home laboratory, my associates w ith connections to many small companies, large companies, Air Force scientists, you name it. We can get your technology certified; w e w ill put it on the cover of the magazine. Well w rite up everything If youll just do one thing: just let us test it. W ill you allow us to test it? Well prove to the w orld, I guarantee you, that if you have a device that has energy in your gas that is greater the electric energy youre putting in, and everyone w ho reads our magazine in 36 countries, very top scientists, very good companies in the w orld w ill absolutely accept it. (56:38) A: OK. Ill answ er it in this w ay. There are many loop holes in both the U.S. patent law and the international patent law s. And under the international patent law s that if you release any of your w ork out in the public domain, you can receive a statutory blockage in receiving your patents. Now its one thing to get patents on processes that w e are talking about. Now , w hen you get patents on processes and you reduce it dow n to practice, then its the w ay and how that you reduce your technology dow n to practice. Many times inventors and entrepreneurs violate their design development rights on the system. So, in this particular case, many, many governmental and university laboratories have confirmed the viability of the w ater fuel cell technology so it has been confirmed in many different testings. Now .. (57:26) (Questioner interjects) W here? W here are the numbers? Thats w hat I w ant to see. I w ant to see a professor or an engineer w ith numbers of w e dont need to get inside the box all w e need is, this is the input volume tested by leader X and this is the output. For DW Research, this man right here, David Waldmen, w as very open, w orked w ith us publishing his data, he has a process that looks like its over unity and w ith no problem. Weve got patent coverage (57:57) I understand, I understand, but I am not w illing to violate my development rights to reduce it dow n to practice. Ill give you one more second on it. In your reducing dow n to practice, you must assure that you have the design development rights. In this particular case, it w as very important that w e w ould maintain all full systems development rights to get the technology into the marketplace. So, the scientific w orld is doing a great deal of testing as to the viability of the technology. Allow them to proceed on to make their determination as to converting w ater into thermo explosive energy under the conditions that w e do. Now w e have a policy in our development that w e do not release any system as w e release it out into the public domain then you can do all the testing you so desire. The industrial contracting w e have, w e respect their confidentiality as they have come into the projects to protect their investments in order to take this technology and translate into a finished product. (59:03) Q: Have you done the model or models of the conversions. Lets say there are 150 million automobiles in the United States, of the w ater cycle, lets say they w ere all running on w ater tomorrow . W ith that amount of w ater vapor in the air, have you done any modeling as to how that might alter the w eather patterns or how you might see these huge clouds coming up because of the change in the amount of w ater vapor. Yes. (59:28) A: Well so far the model testing that w e have show s that you get a more even distribution of the w ater mist around the w orld. It w ill not collect in one particular area. On a cool day, as the super-heated steam comes out of the exhaust, it w ould just simply cool dow n and the road w ay w ould be just a little bit of moisture. But they look at it today as quite a stabilizing element for the distribution of moisture all over the w orld. Any other question? (59:57) Q: How soon w ill you have something that w e can all see? (1:00:06) A: Well, some of them are industrial projects as much as 90% completed. So it takes so the question is, how fast w ill industry convert the technology to a finished product. Right now industry, w ith their funding, they are moving extremely fast. They are moving faster then I even anticipated. Se w e are looking that w e should have some units out the door on the principle w ithin a year, a year and half possibly tw o years if all goes w ell and no one interferes. (1:00:33) Thank you very much. (Applause) Review the links below to see more of my w ritings about Stan Meyers technology. http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/09/17/w ater-as-fuel-w ith-puharich-and-meyer/ http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/11/17/meyers-gas-core-transformer/

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Capacitors 101
June 12th, 2011 CAPACITANCE Recall that inductance is the property of a coil that causes electrical energy to be stored in a magnetic field about the coil. The energy is stored in such a w ay as to oppose any change in current. CAPACITANCE is similar to inductance in that it also causes a storage of energy. A CAPACITOR is a device that stores electrical energy in an ELECTROSTATIC FIELD. The energy is stored in such a w ay as to oppose any change in voltage. Just how capacitance opposes a change in voltage I w ill explain later shortly. How ever, it is first necessary to explain the principles of an electrostatic field as it is applied to capacitance. THE ELECTROSTATIC FIELD Recall that opposite electrical charges attract each other w hile like electrical charges repel each other. The reason for this is the existence of an electrostatic field. Any charged particle is surrounded by invisible lines of force, called electrostatic lines of force. These lines of force have some interesting characteristics: They are polarized from positive to negative. They radiate from a charged particle in straight lines and do not form closed loops. They have the ability to pass through any know n material. They have the ability to distort the orbits of tightly bound electrons. Examine figure 1. This figure represents tw o unlike charges surrounded by their electrostatic field. Because an electrostatic field is polarized positive to negative, arrow s are show n radiating aw ay from the positive charge and tow ard the negative charge. Stated another w ay, the field from the positive charge is pushing, w hile the field from the negative charge is pulling. The effect of the field is to push and pull the unlike charges together.

Figure 1. - Electrostatic field attracts two unlike charged particles.

In figure 2, tw o like charges are show n w ith their surrounding electrostatic field. The effect of the electrostatic field is to push the charges apart.

Figure 2. - Electrostatic field repels two like charged particles.

If tw o unlike charges are placed on opposite sides of an atom w hose outermost electrons cannot escape their orbits, the orbits of the electrons are distorted as show n in figure 3. Figure 3 (A) show s the normal orbit. Part (B) of figure 3 show s the same orbit in the presence of charged particles. Since the electron is a negative charge, the positive charge attracts the electrons, pulling the electrons closer to the positive charge. The negative charge repels the electrons, pushing them further from the negative charge. It is this ability of an electrostatic field to attract and to repel charges that allow s the capacitor to store energy.

Figure 3. - Distortion of electron orbital paths due to electrostatic force.

THE SIMPLE CAPACITOR A simple capacitor consists of tw o metal plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric, as illustrated in figure 4. Note that one plate is connected to the positive terminal of a battery; the other plate is connected through a closed sw itch (S1) to the negative terminal of the battery. Remember, an insulator is a material w hose electrons cannot easily escape their orbits. Due to the battery voltage, plate A is charged positively and plate B is charged negatively. (How this happens is explained later in this chapter.) Thus an electrostatic field is set up betw een the positive and negative plates. The electrons on the negative plate (plate B) are attracted to the positive charges on the positive plate (plate A).

Figure 4. - Distortion of electron orbits in a dielectric.

Notice that the orbits of the electrons in the dielectric material are distorted by the electrostatic field. The distortion occurs because the electrons in the dielectric are attracted to the top plate w hile being repelled from the bottom plate. This is the key feature for the operation of Stan Meyers Water Fuel Cell w herein the dielectric material is the w ater molecule itself composed of Hydrogen (-) and Oxygen (+) atoms being pulled apart in a strong electrostatic field. For more about this see earlier post: http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/09/17/w ater-as-fuelw ith-puharich-and-meyer . W hen sw itch S1 is opened, the battery is removed from the circuit and the charge is retained by the capacitor. This is the basic operation of a capacitor, a device that stores the energy of charge as electrostatic field. This occurs because the dielectric material is an insulator, and the electrons in the bottom plate (negative charge) have no path to reach the top plate (positive charge). The distorted orbits of the atoms of the dielectric plus the electrostatic force of attraction betw een the tw o plates hold the positive and negative charges in their original position. Thus, the energy w hich came from the battery is now stored in the electrostatic field of the capacitor. Tw o slightly different symbols for representing a capacitor are show n in figure 5. Notice that each symbol is composed of tw o plates separated by a space that represents the dielectric. The curved plate in (B) of the figure indicates the plate should be connected to a negative polarity.

Figure 5. - Circuit symbols for capacitors.

THE FARAD Capacitance is measured in units called FARADS. A one-farad capacitor stores one coulomb (a unit of charge (Q) equal to 6.28 X 10 18electrons) of charge w hen a potential of 1 volt is applied across the terminals of the capacitor. This can be expressed by the formula:

The farad is a very large unit of measurement of capacitance. For convenience, the microfarad (abbreviated mF) or the picofarad (abbreviated pF) is used. One (1.0) microfarad is equal to 0.000001 farad or 1 X 10 -6 farad, and 1.0 picofarad is equal to 0.000000000001 farad or 1.0 X 10 -12 farad. Capacitance is a physical property of the capacitor and does not depend on circuit characteristics of voltage, current, and resistance. A given capacitor alw ays has the same value of capacitance (farads) in one circuit as in any other circuit in w hich it is connected. FACTORS AFFECTING THE VALUE OF CAPACITANCE The value of capacitance of a capacitor depends on three factors: The area of the plates. The distance betw een the plates. The dielectric constant of the material betw een the plates. PLATE AREA affects the value of capacitance in the same manner that the size of a container affects the amount of w ater that can be held by the container. A capacitor w ith the large plate area can store more charges than a capacitor w ith a small plate area. Simply stated, the larger the plate area, the larger the capacitance. The second factor affecting capacitance is the DISTANCE BETW EEN THE PLATES. Electrostatic lines of force are strongest w hen the charged particles that create them are close together. W hen the charged particles are moved further apart, the lines of force w eaken, and the ability to store a charge decreases. The third factor affecting capacitance is the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of the insulating material betw een the plates of a capacitor. The various insulating materials used as the dielectric in a capacitor differ in their ability to respond to (pass) electrostatic lines of force. A dielectric material, or insulator, is rated as to its ability to respond to electrostatic lines of force in terms of a figure called the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT. A dielectric material w ith a high dielectric constant is a better insulator than a dielectric material w ith a low dielectric constant. Dielectric constants for some common materials are given in the follow ing list:

Notice the dielectric constant for a vacuum. Since a vacuum is the standard of reference, it is assigned a constant of one. The dielectric constants of all materials are compared to that of a vacuum. Since the dielectric constant of air has been determined to be approximately the same as that of a vacuum, the dielectric constant of AIR is also considered to be equal to one.

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The formula used to compute the value of capacitance is:

For example, find the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor w ith paraffin paper as the dielectric.

By examining the above formula you can see that capacitance varies directly as the dielectric constant and the area of the capacitor plates, and inversely as the distance betw een the plates. VOLTAGE RATING OF CAPACITORS In selecting or substituting a capacitor for use, consideration must be given to (1) the value of capacitance desired and (2) the amount of voltage to be applied across the capacitor. If the voltage applied across the capacitor is too great, the dielectric w ill break dow n and arcing w ill occur betw een the capacitor plates. W hen this happens the capacitor becomes a short-circuit and the flow of direct current through it can cause damage to other electronic parts. Each capacitor has a voltage rating (a w orking voltage) that should not be exceeded. The w orking voltage of the capacitor is the maximum voltage that can be steadily applied w ithout danger of breaking dow n the dielectric. The w orking voltage depends on the type of material used as the dielectric and on the thickness of the dialectic. (A high-voltage capacitor that has a thick dielectric must have a relatively large plate area in order to have the same capacitance as a similar low voltage capacitor having a thin dielectric.) The w orking voltage also depends on the applied frequency because the losses, and the resultant heating effect, increase as the frequency increases. A capacitor w ith a voltage rating of 500 volts dc cannot be safely subjected to an alternating voltage or a pulsating direct voltage having an effective value of 500 volts. Since an alternating voltage of 500 volts (rms) has a peak value of 707 volts, a capacitor to w hich it is applied should have a w orking voltage of at least 750 volts. In practice, a capacitor should be selected so that its w orking voltage is at least 50 percent greater than the highest effective voltage to be applied to it. CAPACITOR LOSSES Pow er loss in a capacitor may be attributed to dielectric hysteresis and dielectric leakage. Dielectric hysteresis may be defined as an effect in a dielectric material similar to the hysteresis found in a magnetic material. It is the result of changes in orientation of electron orbits in the dielectric because of the rapid reversals of the polarity of the line voltage. The amount of pow er loss due to dielectric hysteresis depends upon the type of dielectric used. A vacuum dielectric has the smallest pow er loss. Dielectric leakage occurs in a capacitor as the result of LEAKAGE CURRENT through the dielectric. Normally it is assumed that the dielectric w ill effectively prevent the flow of current through the capacitor. Although the resistance of the dielectric is extremely high, a minute amount of current does flow . Ordinarily this current is so small that for all practical purposes it is ignored. How ever, if the leakage through the dielectric is abnormally high, there w ill be a rapid loss of charge and an overheating of the capacitor. The pow er loss of a capacitor is determined by loss in the dielectric. If the loss is negligible and the capacitor returns the total charge to the circuit, it is considered to be a perfect capacitor w ith a pow er loss of zero. CHARGING AND DISCHARGING A CAPACITOR CHARGING In order to better understand the action of a capacitor in conjunction w ith other components, the charge and discharge actions of a purely capacitive circuit are analyzed first. For ease of explanation the capacitor and voltage source show n in figure 6 are assumed to be perfect (no internal resistance), although this is impossible in practice. In figure 6(A), an uncharged capacitor is show n connected to a four-position sw itch. W ith the sw itch in position 1 the circuit is open and no voltage is applied to the capacitor. Initially each plate of the capacitor is a neutral body and until a difference of potential is impressed across the capacitor, no electrostatic field can exist betw een the plates.

Figure 6. - Charging a capacitor.

To CHARGE the capacitor, the sw itch must be throw n to position 2, w hich places the capacitor across the terminals of the battery. Under the assumed perfect conditions, the capacitor w ould reach full charge instantaneously. How ever, the charging action is spread out over a period of time in the follow ing discussion so that a step-by-step analysis can be made. At the instant the sw itch is throw n to position 2 of Figure 6 (B), a displacement of electrons occurs simultaneously in all parts of the circuit. This electron displacement is directed aw ay from the negative terminal and tow ard the positive terminal of the source (the battery). A brief surge of current w ill flow as the capacitor charges. You can observe the motion of the individual electrons (the electric current) in video 1 below . This surge of electron motion is the charging effect. Video 1. the operation of a capacitor

At the instant the sw itch is closed, the positive terminal of the battery extracts an electron from the bottom conductor. The negative terminal of the battery forces an electron into the top conductor. At this same instant an electron is forced into the top plate of the capacitor and another is pulled from the bottom plate. Thus, in every part of the circuit a clockw ise DISPLACEMENT of electrons occurs simultaneously. As electrons accumulate on the top plate of the capacitor and others depart from the bottom plate, a difference of potential develops across the capacitor. Each electron forced onto the top plate makes that plate more negative, w hile each electron removed from the bottom causes the bottom plate to become more positive. Notice that the polarity of the voltage w hich builds up across the capacitor is such as to oppose the source voltage. The source voltage (emf) forces current around the circuit in a clockw ise direction, ie. the flow foes from battery terminal Vss (-) to battery terminal Vdd (+). The emf developed across the capacitor, how ever, has a tendency to force the current in a counterclockw ise direction, opposing the source emf. As the capacitor continues to charge, the voltage across the capacitor rises until it is equal to the source voltage. Once the capacitor voltage equals the source voltage, the tw o voltages balance one another and current ceases to flow in the circuit. In studying the charging process of a capacitor, you must be aw are that NO current flow s THROUGH the capacitor. The material betw een the plates of the capacitor must be an insulator. How ever, to an observer stationed at the source or along one of the circuit conductors, the action has all the appearances of a true flow of current, even though the insulating material betw een the plates of the capacitor prevents the current from having a complete path. The current w hich appears to flow through a capacitor w as named by Maxw ell as DISPLACEMENT CURRENT. If the sw itch is now opened as show n in figure 8(A),the electrons on the upper plate are isolated. The electrons on the top plate are attracted to the charged bottom plate. Because the dielectric is an insulator, the electrons can not cross the dielectric to the bottom plate. The charges on both plates w ill be effectively trapped by the electrostatic field and the capacitor w ill remain charged indefinitely. You should note at this point that the insulating dielectric material in a practical capacitor is not perfect and small leakage current w ill flow through the dielectric. This current w ill eventually dissipate the charge. How ever, a high quality capacitor may hold its charge for a month or more.

Figure 7. - Discharging a capacitor.

To review briefly, w hen a capacitor is connected across a voltage source, a surge of charging current flow s. This charging current develops a cemf across the capacitor w hich opposes the applied voltage. W hen the capacitor is fully charged, the cemf is equal to the applied voltage and charging current ceases. At full charge, the electrostatic field betw een the plates is at maximum intensity and the energy stored in the dielectric is maximum. If the charged capacitor is disconnected from the source, the charge w ill be retained for some period of time. The length of time the charge is retained depends on the amount of leakage current present. Since electrical energy is stored in the capacitor, a charged capacitor can act as a source emf. DISCHARGING To DISCHARGE a capacitor, the charges on the tw o plates must be neutralized. This is accomplished by providing a conducting path betw een the tw o plates as show n in figure 7(B). W ith the sw itch in position (4) the excess electrons on the negative plate can flow to the positive plate and neutralize its charge. W hen the capacitor is discharged, the distorted orbits of the electrons in the dielectric return to their normal positions and the stored energy is returned to the circuit. It is important for you to note that a capacitor does not consume pow er. The energy the capacitor draw s from the source is recovered w hen the capacitor is discharged. CHARGE AND DISCHARGE OF AN RC SERIES CIRCUIT Ohms law states that the voltage across a resistance is equal to the current through the resistance times the value of the resistance. This means that a voltage is developed across a resistance ONLY W HEN CURRENT FLOW S through the resistance. A capacitor is capable of storing or holding a charge of electrons. W hen uncharged, both plates of the capacitor contain essentially the same number of free electrons. W hen charged, one plate contains more free electrons than the other plate. The difference in the number of electrons is a measure of the charge on the capacitor. The accumulation of this charge builds up a voltage across the terminals of the capacitor, and the charge continues to increase until this voltage equals the applied voltage. The charge in a capacitor is related to the capacitance and voltage as follow s:

in w hich Q is the charge in coulombs, C the capacitance in farads, and E the emf across the capacitor in volts. CHARGE CYCLE A voltage divider containing resistance and capacitance is connected in a circuit by means of a sw itch, as show n at the top of figure 8. Such a series arrangement is called an RC series circuit.

Figure 8. - Charge of an RC series circuit.

In explaining the charge and discharge cycles of an RC series circuit, the time interval from time t 0 (time zero, w hen the sw itch is first closed) to time t 1 (time one, w hen the capacitor reaches full charge or discharge potential) w ill be used. (Note that sw itches S1 and S2 move at the same time and can never both be closed at the same time.) W hen sw itch S1 of the circuit in figure 8 is closed at t 0, the source voltage (E S ) is instantly felt across the entire circuit. Graph (A) of the figure show s an instantaneous rise at time t 0 from zero to source voltage (E S = 6 volts). The total voltage can be measured across the circuit betw een points 1 and 2. Now look at graph (B) w hich represents the charging current in the capacitor (ic ). At time t 0, charging current is MAXIMUM. As time elapses tow ard time t 1, there is a continuous decrease in current flow ing into the capacitor. The decreasing flow is caused by the voltage buildup across the capacitor. At time t 1, current flow ing in the capacitor stops. At this time, the capacitor has reached full charge and has stored maximum energy in its electrostatic field. Graph (C) represents the voltage drop (e r ) across the resistor (R). The value of e r is determined by the amount of current flow ing through the resistor on its w ay to the capacitor. At time t 0 the current flow ing to the capacitor is maximum. Thus, the voltage drop across the resistor is maximum (E = IR). As time progresses tow ard time t 1, the current flow ing to the capacitor steadily decreases and causes the voltage developed across the resistor (R) to steadily decrease. W hen time t 1 is reached, current flow ing to the capacitor is stopped and the voltage developed across the resistor has decreased to zero. You should remember that capacitance opposes a change in voltage. This is show n by comparing graph (A) to graph (D). In graph (A) the voltage changed instantly from 0 volts to 6 volts across the circuit, w hile the voltage developed across the capacitor in graph (D) took the entire time interval from time t o to time t 1 to reach 6 volts. The reason for this is that in the first instant at time t 0, maximum current flow s through R and the entire circuit voltage is dropped across the resistor. The voltage impressed across the capacitor at t 0 is zero volts. As time progresses tow ard t 1, the decreasing current causes progressively less voltage to be dropped across the resistor (R), and more voltage builds up across the capacitor (C). At time t 1, the voltage felt across the capacitor is equal to the source voltage (6 volts), and the voltage dropped across the resistor (R) is equal to zero. This is the complete charge cycle of the capacitor.

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As you may have noticed, the processes w hich take place in the time interval t 0 to t 1 in a series RC circuit are exactly opposite to those in a series LR circuit. For your comparison, the important points of the charge cycle of RC and LR circuits are summarized in the table show n in figure 9.

Figure 9. - Summary of Capacitive and Inductive Characteristics.

DISCHARGE CYCLE In figure 10 at time t 0, the capacitor is fully charged. W hen S1 is open and S2 closes, the capacitor discharge cycle starts. At the first instant, circuit voltage attempts to go from source potential (6 volts) to zero volts, as show n in graph (A). Remember, though, the capacitor during the charge cycle has stored energy in an electrostatic field.

Figure 10. - Discharge of an RC Series circuit.

Because S2 is closed at the same time S1 is open, the stored energy of the capacitor now has a path for current to flow . At t 0, discharge current (id ) from the bottom plate of the capacitor through the resistor (R) to the top plate of the capacitor (C) is maximum. As time progresses tow ard t 1, the discharge current steadily decreases until at time t 1 it reaches zero, as show n in graph (B). The discharge causes a corresponding voltage drop across the resistor as show n in graph (C). At time t 0, the current through the resistor is maximum and the voltage drop (e r ) across the resistor is maximum. As the current through the resistor decreases, the voltage drop across the resistor decreases until at t 1 it has reached a value of zero. Graph (D) show s the voltage across the capacitor (e c ) during the discharge cycle. At time t 0 the voltage is maximum and as time progresses tow ard time t 1, the energy stored in the capacitor is depleted. At the same time the voltage across the resistor is decreasing, the voltage (e c ) across the capacitor is decreasing until at time t 1 the voltage (e c ) reaches zero. By comparing graph (A) w ith graph (D) of figure 10,you can see the effect that capacitance has on a change in voltage. If the circuit had not contained a capacitor, the voltage w ould have ceased at the instant S1 w as opened at time t 0. Because the capacitor is in the circuit, voltage is applied to the circuit until the capacitor has discharged completely at t 1. The effect of capacitance has been to oppose this change in voltage. RC TIME CONSTANT The time required to charge a capacitor to 63 percent (actually 63.2 percent) of full charge or to discharge it to 37 percent (actually 36.8 percent) of its initial voltage is know n as the TIME CONSTANT (TC) of the circuit. The charge and discharge curves of a capacitor are show n in figure 11. Note that the charge curve is like the curve in figure 8, graph (D), and the discharge curve like the curve in figure 8, graph (B).

Figure 11. - RC time constant.

The value of the time constant in seconds is equal to the product of the circuit resistance in ohms and the circuit capacitance in farads. The value of one time constant is expressed mathematically as t = RC. Some forms of this formula used in calculating RC time constants are:

UNIVERSAL TIME CONSTANT CHART Because the impressed voltage and the values of R and C or R and L in a circuit are usually know n, a UNIVERSAL TIME CONSTANT CHART (fig. 12) can be used to find the time constant of the circuit. Curve Ec-X is a plot of both capacitor voltage during charge and inductor current during grow th. Curve Ec-Y is a plot of both capacitor voltage during discharge and inductor current during decay.

Figure 12. - Universal time constant chart for RC and RL circuit.

The time scale (horizontal scale) is graduated in terms of the RC or L/R time constants so that the curves may be used for any value of R and C or L and R. The voltage and current scales (vertical scales) are graduated in terms of percentage of the maximum voltage or current so that the curves may be used for any value of voltage or current. If the time constant and the initial or final voltage for the circuit in question are know n, the voltages across the various parts of the circuit can be obtained from the curves for any time after the sw itch is closed, either on charge or discharge. The same reasoning is true of the current in the circuit. The graphs show n in figure 11 and 12 are not entirely complete. That is, the charge or discharge (or the grow th or decay) is not quite complete in 5 RC or 5 L/R time constants. How ever, w hen the values reach 0.99 of the maximum (corresponding to 5 RC or 5 L/R), the graphs may be considered accurate enough for all practical purposes. CAPACITORS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Capacitors may be connected in series or in parallel to obtain a resultant value w hich may be either the sum of the individual values (in parallel) or a value less than that of the smallest capacitance (in series). CAPACITORS IN SERIES The overall effect of connecting capacitors in series is to move the plates of the capacitors further apart. This is show n in figure 13. Notice that the junction betw een C1 and C2 has both a negative and a positive charge. This causes the junction to be essentially neutral. The total capacitance of the circuit is developed betw een the left plate of C1 and the right plate of C2. Because these plates are farther apart, the total value of the capacitance in the circuit is decreased. Solving for the total capacitance (CT) of capacitors connected in series is similar to solving for the total resistance(RT)of resistors connected in parallel.

Figure 13. - Capacitors in series.

Note the similarity betw een the formulas for RT and CT:

If the circuit contains more than tw o capacitors, use the above formula. If the circuit contains only tw o capacitors, use the below formula:

Note: All values for CT, C1, C2, C3, C n should be in farads. It should be evident from the above formulas that the total capacitance of capacitors in series is less than the capacitance of any of the individual capacitors. CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL W hen capacitors are connected in parallel, one plate of each capacitor is connected directly to one terminal of the source, w hile the other plate of each capacitor is connected to the other terminal of the source. Figure 14 show s all the negative plates of the capacitors connected together, and all the positive plates connected together. C T, therefore, appears as a capacitor w ith a plate area equal to the sum of all the individual plate areas. As previously mentioned, capacitance is a direct function of plate area. Connecting capacitors in parallel effectively increases plate area and thereby increases total capacitance.

Figure 3-14. - Capacitors in parallel.

For capacitors connected in parallel the total capacitance is the sum of all the individual capacitances. The total capacitance of the circuit may by calculated using the formula:

w here all capacitances are in the same units. FIXED CAPACITOR A fixed capacitor is constructed in such manner that it possesses a fixed value of capacitance w hich cannot be adjusted. A fixed capacitor is classified according to the type of material used as its dielectric, such as paper, oil, mica, or electrolyte. A PAPER CAPACITOR is made of flat thin strips of metal foil conductors that are separated by w axed paper (the dielectric material). Paper capacitors usually range in value from about 300 picofarads to about 4 microfarads. The w orking voltage of a paper capacitor rarely exceeds 600 volts. Paper capacitors are sealed w ith w ax to prevent the harmful effects of moisture and to prevent corrosion and leakage. Many different kinds of outer covering are used on paper capacitors, the simplest being a tubular cardboard covering. Some types of paper capacitors are encased in very hard plastic. These types are very rugged and can be used over a much w ider temperature range than can the tubular cardboard type. Figure 15(A) show s the construction of a tubular paper capacitor; part 15(B) show s a completed cardboard-encased capacitor.

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Figure 15. - Paper capacitor.

A MICA CAPACITOR is made of metal foil plates that are separated by sheets of mica (the dielectric). The w hole assembly is encased in molded plastic. Figure 16(A) show s a cut-aw ay view of a mica capacitor. Because the capacitor parts are molded into a plastic case, corrosion and damage to the plates and dielectric are prevented. In addition, the molded plastic case makes the capacitor mechanically stronger. Various types of terminals are used on mica capacitors to connect them into circuits. These terminals are also molded into the plastic case. Mica is an excellent dielectric and can w ithstand a higher voltage than can a paper dielectric of the same thickness. Common values of mica capacitors range from approximately 50 picofarads to 0.02 microfarad. Some different shapes of mica capacitors are show n in figure 16(B).

Figure 16. - Typical mica capacitors.

A CERAMIC CAPACITOR is so named because it contains a ceramic dielectric. One type of ceramic capacitor uses a hollow ceramic cylinder as both the form on w hich to construct the capacitor and as the dielectric material. The plates consist of thin films of metal deposited on the ceramic cylinder. A second type of ceramic capacitor is manufactured in the shape of a disk. After leads are attached to each side of the capacitor, the capacitor is completely covered w ith an insulating moisture-proof coating. Ceramic capacitors usually range in value from 1 picofarad to 0.01 microfarad and may be used w ith voltages as high as 30,000 volts. Some different shapes of ceramic capacitors are show n in figure 17.

Figure 17. - Ceramic capacitors.

An ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR is used w here a large amount of capacitance is required. As the name implies, an electrolytic capacitor contains an electrolyte. This electrolyte can be in the form of a liquid (w et electrolytic capacitor). The w et electrolytic capacitor is no longer in popular use due to the care needed to prevent spilling of the electrolyte. A dry electrolytic capacitor consists essentially of tw o metal plates separated by the electrolyte. In most cases the capacitor is housed in a cylindrical aluminum container w hich acts as the negative terminal of the capacitor (see fig. 18). The positive terminal (or terminals if the capacitor is of the multisection type) is a lug (or lugs) on the bottom end of the container. The capacitance value(s) and the voltage rating of the capacitor are generally printed on the side of the aluminum case.

Figure 18. - Construction of an electrolytic capacitor.

An example of a multisection electrolytic capacitor is illustrated in figure 18(B). The four lugs at the end of the cylindrical aluminum container indicates that four electrolytic capacitors are enclosed in the can. Each section of the capacitor is electrically independent of the other sections. It is possible for one section to be defective w hile the other sections are still good. The can is the common negative connection to the four capacitors. Separate terminals are provided for the positive plates of the capacitors. Each capacitor is identified by an embossed mark adjacent to the lugs, as show n in figure 18(B). Note the identifying marks used on the electrolytic capacitor are the half moon, the triangle, the square, and no embossed mark. By looking at the bottom of the container and the identifying sheet pasted to the side of the container, you can easily identify the value of each section. Internally, the electrolytic capacitor is constructed similarly to the paper capacitor. The positive plate consists of aluminum foil covered w ith an extremely thin film of oxide. This thin oxide film (w hich is formed by an electrochemical process) acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. Next to and in contact w ith the oxide is a strip of paper or gauze w hich has been impregnated w ith a paste-like electrolyte. The electrolyte acts as the negative plate of the capacitor. A second strip of aluminum foil is then placed against the electrolyte to provide electrical contact to the negative electrode (the electrolyte). W hen the three layers are in place they are rolled up into a cylinder as show n in figure 18(A). An electrolytic capacitor has tw o primary disadvantages compared to a paper capacitor in that the electrolytic type is POLARIZED and has a LOW LEAKAGE RESISTANCE. This means that should the positive plate be accidentally connected to the negative terminal of the source, the thin oxide film dielectric w ill dissolve and the capacitor w ill become a conductor (i.e., it w ill short). The polarity of the terminals is normally marked on the case of the capacitor. Since an electrolytic capacitor is polarity sensitive, its use is ordinarily restricted to a dc circuit or to a circuit w here a small ac voltage is superimposed on a dc voltage. Special electrolytic capacitors are available for certain ac applications, such as a motor starting capacitor. Dry electrolytic capacitors vary in size from about 4 microfarads to several thousand microfarads and have a w orking voltage of approximately 500 volts. The type of dielectric used and its thickness govern the amount of voltage that can safely be applied to the electrolytic capacitor. If the voltage applied to the capacitor is high enough to cause the atoms of the dielectric material to become ionized, arcing betw een the plates w ill occur. In most other types of capacitors, arcing w ill destroy the capacitor. How ever, an electrolytic capacitor has the ability to be self-healing. If the arcing is small, the electrolytic w ill regenerate itself. If the arcing is too large, the capacitor w ill not self-heal and w ill become defective. W ATER CAPACITORS are an emerging new technology w hich act at once as a capacitor and also a fuel cell. W hen energized in the correct manner, w ater capacitors use pulsing electrostatic and magnetic fields to electrically stress the covalent bonding that holds Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms together as w ater. The result is the thermodynamically efficient release of Hydrogen fuel gases from w ater.

Water Capacitor

To learn more about w ater fuel cell technology see me earlier w ritings on this topic: http://w w w .alexpetty.com/2010/09/17/w ater-as-fuel-w ith-puharich-andmeyer/ OIL CAPACITORS are often used in high-pow er electronic equipment. An oil-filled capacitor is nothing more than a paper capacitor that is immersed in oil. Since oil impregnated paper has a high dielectric constant, it can be used in the production of capacitors having a high capacitance value. Many capacitors w ill use oil w ith another dielectric material to prevent arcing betw een the plates. If arcing should occur betw een the plates of an oil-filled capacitor, the oil w ill tend to reseal the hole caused by the arcing. Such a capacitor is referred to as a SELFHEALING capacitor. A VARIABLE CAPACITOR is constructed in such manner that its value of capacitance can be varied. A typical variable capacitor (adjustable capacitor) is the rotor-stator type. It consists of tw o sets of metal plates arranged so that the rotor plates move betw een the stator plates. Air is the dielectric. As the position of the rotor is changed, the capacitance value is likew ise changed. This type of capacitor is used for tuning most radio receivers. Its physical appearance and its symbol are show n in figure 19.

Figure 19. - Rotor-stator type variable capacitor.

Another type of variable capacitor (trimmer capacitor) and its symbol are show n in figure 20. This capacitor consists of tw o plates separated by a sheet of mica. A screw adjustment is used to vary the distance betw een the plates, thereby changing the capacitance.

Figure 20. - Trimmer capacitor.

SUMMARY Before going on to the next chapter, study the below summary to be sure that you understand the important points of this chapter. THE ELECTROSTATIC FIELD W hen a charged body is brought close to another charged body, the bodies either attract or repel one another. (If the charges are alike they repel; if the charges are opposite they attract). The field that causes this effect is called the ELECTROSTATIC FIELD. The amount by w hich tw o charges attract or repel each other depends upon the size of the charges and the distance betw een the charges. The electrostatic field (force betw een tw o charged bodies) may be represented by lines of force draw n perpendicular to the

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charged bodies) may be represented by lines of force draw n perpendicular to the charged surfaces. If an electron is placed in the field, it w ill move tow ard the positive charge. CAPACITANCE Capacitance is the property of a circuit w hich OPPOSES any CHANGE in the circuit VOLTAGE. The effect of capacitance may be seen in any circuit w here the voltage is changing. Capacitance is usually defined as the ability of a circuit to store electrical energy. This energy is stored in an electrostatic field. The device used in an electrical circuit to store this charge (energy) is called a CAPACITOR. The basic unit of measurement of capacitance is the FARAD (F). A one-farad capacitor w ill store one coulomb of charge (energy) w hen a potential of one volt is applied across the capacitor plates. The farad is an enormously large unit of capacitance. More practical units are the microfarad ( mF) or the picofarad (pF). CAPACITOR A capacitor is a physical device consisting of tw o pieces of conducting material separated by an insulating material. This insulating material is referred to as the DIELECTRIC. Because the dielectric is an insulator, NO current flow s through the capacitor. If the dielectric breaks dow n and becomes a conductor, the capacitor can no longer hold a charge and is useless. The ability of a dielectric to hold a charge w ithout breaking dow n is referred to as the dielectric strength. The measure of the ability of the dielectric material to store energy is called the dielectric constant. The dielectric constant is a relative value based on 1.0 for a vacuum. CAPACITORS IN A DC CIRCUIT W hen a capacitor is connected to the terminals of a battery, each plate of the capacitor becomes charged. The plate connected to the positive terminal loses electrons. Because this plate has a lack of electrons, it assumes a positive charge. The plate connected to the negative terminal gains electrons. Because the plate has an excess of electrons, it assumes a negative charge. This process continues until the charge across the plates equals the applied voltage. At this point current ceases to flow in the circuit. As long as nothing changes in the circuit, the capacitor w ill hold its charge and there w ill be no current in any part of the circuit. If the leads of the capacitor are now shorted together, current again flow s in the circuit. Current w ill continue to flow until the charges on the tw o plates become equal. At this point, current ceases to flow . W ith a dc voltage source, current w ill flow in the circuit only long enough to charge (or discharge) the capacitor. Thus, a capacitor does NOT allow dc current to flow continuously in a circuit. FACTORS AFFECTING CAPACITANCE There are three factors affecting capacitance. One factor is the area of the plate surfaces. Increasing the area of the plate increases the capacitance. Another factor is the amount of space betw een the plates. The closer the plates, the greater w ill be the electrostatic field. A greater electrostatic field causes a greater capacitance. The plate spacing is determined by the thickness of the dielectric. The third factor affecting capacitance is the dielectric constant. The value of the dielectric constant is dependent upon the type of dielectric used. W ORKING VOLTAGE The w orking voltage of a capacitor is the maximum voltage that can be steadily applied to the capacitor w ithout the capacitor breaking dow n (shorting). The w orking voltage depends upon the type of material used as the dielectric (the dielectric constant) and the thickness of the dielectric. CAPACITOR LOSSES Pow er losses in a capacitor are caused by dielectric leakage and dielectric hysteresis. Dielectric leakage loss is caused by the leakage current through the resistance in the dielectric. Although this resistance is extremely high, a small amount of current does flow . Dielectric hysteresis may be defined as an effect in a dielectric material similar to the hysteresis found in a magnetic material. RC TIME CONSTANT The time required to charge a capacitor to 63.2 percent of the applied voltage, or to discharge the capacitor to 36.8 percent of its charge. The time constant (t) is equal to the product of the resistance and the capacitance. Expressed as a formula:

w here t is in seconds, R is in ohms, and C is in farads. CAPACITORS IN SERIES The effect of w iring capacitors in series is to increase the distance betw een plates. This reduces the total capacitance of the circuit. Total capacitance for series connected capacitors may be computed by the formula:

If an electrical circuit contains only tw o series connected capacitors, CT may be computed using the follow ing formula:

CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL The effect of w iring capacitors in parallel is to increase the plate area of the capacitors. Total capacitance (CT) may be found using the formula:

TYPES OF CAPACITORS Capacitors are manufactured in various forms and may be divided into tw o main classes-fixed capacitors and variable capacitors. A fixed capacitor is constructed to have a constant or fixed value of capacitance. A variable capacitor allow s the capacitance to be varied or adjusted.

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