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: Do Plants need Sunshine? Aim : To investigate the basic need of plants : sunlight Tools/Apparatus : Growing plant with large leaves, 2 pots of plants, Black construction paper, paper clips Procedure A. 1. Gave each group of students a healthy plant. 2. Four squares pieces of the black construction paper were cut out. 3. Covered up two leaves on the healthy green plant with the black construction pieces, one on top of the leaf and one below the leaf. 4. Secured the papers on the leaves with paper clips. 5. Ensured that the entire leaf area, on the top and on the bottom was covered and wouldnt be able to get sunlight. 6. After several days, removed the construction paper and observed the results.
Procedure B. 1. Placed pot A under the sun. 2. Placed pot B in a dark place such as cupboard. 3. Watered plants daily. 4. After several days, observed both the plants. Results : Observation Inferences
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Procedure A
Pattern on the Still get Cannot Leaves green in leaf is yellow and enough produce food colour and look droop food to live because no fresh sunlight Pot A Pot A Leaves green in Leaves green in colour and look Pot A colour and look fresh Get enough fresh Pot B sunlight to Pot B grow. Yellow in colour Leaves green in and looks droop Pot B colour and look Not get fresh sunlight to grow. Pot A Still get enough sunlight to produce food. Pot B Cannot produce food because no sunlight.
Procedure B
Conclusion: Plants needs sunlight to produce its own food by process of photosynthesis Questions: 1. What do the leaves look like? The leaves which are covered with black construction paper and the plant which placed in the cupboard have changed in colour. 2. What colour are they? They are turned into yellowish and looked drop.
Picture 2: Leaf covered with black construction paper on the top of it.
Picture 3: Leaf has covered with black construction paper below it.
Discussion :
1. The result not showing any changes on the leaf which placed under the sun
but a few changes can be seen to the leaves covered with black construction paper on top and below of the leaf. 2. It is because: A) Need long duration to get the best result. B) The species covered with special layer of cuticles C) The weather during the experiment is not same, sometimes raining and cloud. 3. The pattern of the leaf that covered topside were droop or die but nothing change if half leaf covered at bottom of the leaf.
PRACTICAL : Basic needs of plants Objectives : To determine the basic needs of plants : sunlight, air and water Problem : Can Plants Live Without Water? Aim : To investigate the basic need of plants : water Tools/Apparatus : Two beakers, water, soil, humus, bean seeds Procedure A. 1. Planted some bean seeds in each of the plastic cup. 2. Placed both plants in the sunshine. 3. Watered plant A lightly each day. 4. Did not watered the plant B. Results :
Observation
Inferences
Plant A
Grow well
Plant B
Not grow
Conclusion: Plants needs water to stay alive because plants cannot live without
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Ouestions :
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Yes because plants need water. Water is essential to all life on earth. No known organism can exist without water. Plants use water to carry moisture and nutrients from the roots to he leaves and food from the leaves back down to the roots. 2. How can farmer tell if a plant is receiving enough water? Not enough water? Too much water? The plants grow very well and stay healthy if they received enough water. If plants are given no water, or not enough water they will start go Brown and go limp. This is known as shrivelling or wilting. Too much water is bad for plants. The leaves of an over-watered plant generally turn yellowish.
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PRACTICAL : Basic needs of plants Objectives : To determine the basic needs of plants : sunlight, air and water Problem : Can Plants Live Without Air? Aim : To investigate the basic need of plants : air Tools/Apparatus : Two plastic cups, water, oil, cotton, bean seeds Procedure. 1. Two cups are filled with water. 2. On one place a cotton pad on top and some beans on the cotton. This will keep the seeds moist. 3.The seeds are dropped in to the water of second cup thus eliminating the air and some oil was putted on the top of the water. 4. The temperature and light for both cups are keep the same.
Results :
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Observation
Cup 1
Cup 2
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Adding sodium chloride hydroxide. 2. Plants make their food but they do not need supply minerals. Choose three minerals and describe what happens to plant growing without them. Plants need minerals such as; nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium & magnesium for a healthy growth.
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3. Plants make their food but they do not supply of minerals. Choose three
minerals and describe what happen to plant growing without them. Their growth is stunted, the plants are weak, plant death could occur. Potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus are neccesary for groth repair and photosynthesis. Without these minerals the plant will not be able to photosynthesize and eventually DIE!
4. Animals and plants need food. Give two reasons why animals and plants
need food. Plants and animals need food in order to survive. The nutrients the food gives off into the animal and plant keep its energy level up, and maintains the animal or plant. Humans as well need food, for the same reasons. That also goes for oxygen, water, and sunlight.
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PRACTICAL 2: Observation of animals cell: Check cell and plant cell: Leaf epidermis cell Objectives: To prepare slides of animals cell and plant cell using the correct staining technique Aim: To investigate animals and plant cell Tools/Apparatus: Microscope, microscope slides, cover slip, dropper, forceps, blade, toothpick, methylene blue, Iodine solution, Onion Procedure A. Observation of check cell
1. Mouth is rinsed.
2. A thin layer of cell from the inside of check is gently scraped off using a toothpick.
3. The scrapings are mounting in a drop of methylene blue solution on a slide. 4. The cover slip gently lowers over it. 5. The specimen is examined under low power objective lenses followed by high
power objective lenses. 6. The check cell is draw and the following parts is labelled: nucleus, chromatin material, cell membrane and cytoplasm.
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Result :
Picture 15: Picture of cheek cell under the microscope (Magnification: 10 X 40mm)
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Procedure B. 1. The epidermis layer of onion scale leaf is peel off using a forceps.
2. The epidermis layer was cut off a small piece and mount in a drop of iodine
solution on a slide.
3. Cover slip was gently lower over it. 4. The specimen was examined under low power objective lenses followed by
high power objective lenses. 5. The onion leaf epidermis cell was draw and the following parts were labelled: nucleus, chromatin material, cell membrane, cytoplasm and vacuole. Results :
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(Magnification: 10 X 40mm) Conclusion: The plant cells of the onion are a regular shape and held together by the cell wall. The animal cells are not bound to each other and independent. Onion cells are living and the cheek cells are sloughed off remnants of the epidermal lining of your mouth lining.
Questions: 1. Name the types of cell which lines inner cheek. Epithelial cells
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1. State the similarities and differences between animal cells and plat cells.
- Plant cells have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane, and animal cells only have a membrane. - Plant cells contain chloroplasts which are used for photosynthesis. - Plant cells have a large vacuole (it's like a fluid sack), compared to an animal cell which has multiple vacuoles. - Animal cells are 'blobby', but cells in plants are more structured due to the cell wall, and form a lattice like structure which helps with rigidness.
2. Why the nucleus is called the control centre of the cell?
The nucleus is like the brain of the cell.The other reason why nucleus is called the control center is that- It has genetic material called DNA which undergo different functions such as replication, transcription, translation i.e. formation of different enzymes and proteins necessary for the development of whole cell Another reason is that-the cell which lac nucleus during abnormal cell division known to be dead cell. 3. What is tissue? What word means collections of tissue doing one particular jobs? Tissue is a collection of cells then, collections of tissue call muscles
References :
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Charlie Lok, Jacqueline R.S., Ching L. S., Leong L. S., Nalini B. Ace Ahead STPM text Biology volume 1. Oxford Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (2010). Shah Alam, Selangor.
Noi L. A. Reference Lengkap SPM Biology. Marshall Cavendish Sdn. Bhd. (2011). Shah Alam, Selangor.
Wai M. C., Tina Kim L. S. Ulangkaji Total Terkini Biologi SPM Tingkat 4 & 5. Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (2006) Petaling Jaya, Selangor
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