Chemistry Matters for G.C.E.

O Level

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Atomic Structure

Answers to Textbook Exercises

Quick Check (page 76) Atomic number of X = 30 2 = 15 Test Yourself 5.1 (page 77) 1. A neutron has much more mass than an electron. The neutron carries no electric charge while the electron carries an electric charge of 1. 2. (a) Number of electrons = 7 electrons Nucleon number = 7 + 7 = 14 (b)
14 7

Quick Check (page 80) Number of protons = number of electrons = 2 + 8 + 4 = 14 Number of neutrons = 28 14 = 14 Test Yourself 5.2 (page 82) 1. The electronic configuration of Al is as follows:

Its electronic configuration is (2, 8, 3). 2. Sodium: (2, 8, 1) Lithium: (2, 1)

Similarity: They have one valence electron. Difference: Sodium has 3 electron shells but lithium has 2 electron shells. Exercise 5 (page 84) Foundation 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C

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Chemistry Matters for G.C.E. O Level

Chapter 5

5. Element Proton number Nucleon number Electrons in one atom Protons in one atom Neutrons in one atom Lithium 3 7 3 3 4 Chlorine 17 35 17 17 18

6. (a) nucleus; protons; neutrons (b) Particles in Relative gold charge Proton +1 Neutron 0 Electron 1

Relative mass 1 1

1 1840

7. (a) Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. (b) Isotope Per atom Carbon-12 Carbon-14 Number of protons 6 6 Number of electrons 6 6 Number of neutrons 6 8 8. (a) They have the same number of protons, electrons and electronic configurations. (b) O-16 has 8 neutrons. O-17 has 9 neutrons. 9. (a)(i) 2 (ii) 4 (iii) e 2p 1n e

(b)(i) e e

e e e 8p 8n e e

e (ii) 2, 6 Challenge 1. (a) Type of atom Relative percentage present Protons in one atom Electrons in one atom
107 47

Ag

109 47

A g

51.4% 47 47

48.6% 47 47

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Chemistry Matters for G.C.E. O Level

Chapter 5

Neutrons in one atom (b) Isotopes 2. (a)(i)

3 1

60

62

(ii) T2O (b)(i) 2 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 Critical Thinking (page 86) 1. (i) (ii) 8 protons and 8 neutrons 1 6 O 8

2. Proton has a mass of 1 unit and a charge of +1. Electrons have negligible mass and a charge of 1. If these are added together, it produces a mass of 1 unit with no charge i.e. a neutron. 3. (i) (ii) 9 protons and 10 neutrons 1 9 Y 9

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