Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks

WLAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks
BRKEWN-2000 Larry Ross

Technical Marketing Engineer
BRKEWN-2000
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Agenda
Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth Management for Multiple Application Types Configure for Capacity Voice & Video Bandwidth for Call Admission Control
Configure for best Channel Utilization Data Rates, Legacy Beam Forming & Band Select
AP3500
802.11 Channel Design for VDI Bringing 802.11n Enhancements together for a better Data, Voice, and Video WLAN
WLAN QoS for Voice & Video
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Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth Management for Multiple Application Types
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Cisco Media Ready Wireless LAN

802.11n BandSelect & LoadBalancing
Bandwidth
VideoStream
Cisco Media Ready WLAN
End-to-End QoS
ClientLink
Call Admission Control
Scale
Quality
Spectrum Analysis
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Three 5 Pound Bags
11
1997
Data Rates 1 & 2 Mbps

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Throughput about 0.8 Mbps

5
If your 5 pound bag is full of 2Mbps traffic how are you going to fit in 300 Mbps
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The Radio Frequency Protocols in Those Three 2.4GHz Bags From Just Your Smart Phone
Train Wreck Waiting to Happen
4 different Wi-Fi protocols 802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n 3 different technologies 802.11 Wi-Fi , Wi-Fi Direct, and Bluetooth(BT) 3 different BT protocols and soon to be 4 1.2, 2.0 plus EDR, 3.0 plus HS, and 4.0
BT specification information is in the addendum
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Continued
Train Wreck Waiting to Happen
Doing 3 different basic applications: Voice, Video, and Data from the same device How many different communication protocols are used in each of those applications? How many of those applications are a direct port from Ethernet which does not have roaming? When layer 2 changes, is the application still going to work?
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The Wreck Is Here
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Bluetooth Client Device Radios

Do you consider what your Bluetooth radios will do to the performance of the Wi-Fi radio of the colleague two cubes away from you?
The manufacturers and the specifications claim co-existence:
That is between that clients Wi-Fi radio and its BT radio and the paired BT radio. Examples are BT headset, mouse and keyboard.
What happens during pairing? What happens to the bandwidth of your neighbors? What happens with BT 3.0?
You build a secure WLAN and then put all near data over an insecure BT PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
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BLUETOOTH PAIRING MODE
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Bluetooth Continued
When using a headset, the Wi-Fi voice packets will be replicated by the BT radio at much slower BT data rates on the 2.4GHz channels used by Wi-Fi.
In multichannel 2.4GHz Wlan, that means those slow BT packets will affect all Wi-Fi channels. A BT chipset may be built for the 3.0 specification, but the BT driver may be using a earlier device code.
The previous slide shows early BT specification behavior.
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Bandwidth Management
With Video Calling: Now More Important Than Ever
Recommendations:
11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice Manage out all possible interferers Manage out all possible low data rates Use MIMO antenna technology to its fullest extent
Use Legacy Client Link and Future 802.11n Client Link Use Band Select Use Call Admission Control Use Multicast Direct Enable Windows XP and Windows 7 QoS
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One Cius with Three Different Application Packet Types

This was Captured from the AP CLI -> Show Cont D1
3 Wi-Fi Media Access Categories used Simultaneously on One WLAN SSID by the Cius The WLAN is Configured for Voice
The Voice AC Sent 30413 G722 Codec Packets The Video AC Sent 18647 Dynamic RTP Packets
The Best Effort AC Sent 1220 ICMP Ping Reply Packets
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Recommended Enterprise A-MPDU and A-MSDU Settings

The Current Default Settings are not Optimal for Densely Deployed WLANs
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Recommended MPDU & MSDU Settings

The 7.0.116.0 Default A-MPDU and A-MSDU
Default
A-MPDU
User Priority 0, 4, 5 = Enabled User Priority 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 = Disabled
Recommended
A-MPDU
User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5 = Enabled
User Priority 1, 2, 6, 7 = Disabled
A-MSDU
User Priority 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = Enabled
User Priority 6, 7 = Disabled
A-MSDU
User Priority 1, 2 = Enabled User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 = Disabled
Check for Recommended Changes in each Code Release

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A-MPDU & A-MSDU WLC Configuration

11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice Recommended for WLAN Network with a dense Deployment of Video Call Capable Wi-Fi Phones
Including: Skype, Face Time, Cisco Cius & Social Media
These configurations are on the CLI only:

Enable A-MPDU on UP 4,5 Disable A-MSDU on 4,5,6 priorities.
Syntax -> config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority <0-7> enable/disable Examples ->
config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority 5 enable config 802.11a 11nsupport a-msdu tx priority 4 disable
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2.4GHz Cius 720p Video Call to Cius Video Call without CLI Changes
30% Packet Loss
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2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis

Top half of Wireshark Screen Shoot
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2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis (Continued)

Wireshark computes a 108% Packet Loss in this stream.
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Video Call After A-MSDU and A-MPDU Changes
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Configure for Capacity Voice & Video Bandwidth for Call Admission Control
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Xoom, iPad, Galaxy Tab, Droid Charge, Cius & iPhone

Different Devices with Different Levels of Wi-Fi and QoS support
So, they Dont ALL Behave the Same on Your Enterprise Network!
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Thomas Edisons Telephonescope
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However They Can Share the Same WLAN

Find the Common Ground Create the WLAN for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi Bands
Let the Device find the Best Band and Enable Cisco Band Select to Encourage the other devices to use 5GHz
Use a Security Type that is Common to All
Dont Expect
Them to Roam the Same on Channel Changes
Roaming Ultimately is Done at the Client Wi-Fi Driver Level
QoS Markings for Similar Applications Maybe Different at the Wi-Fi Battery Saving Sleep Modes Will Differ
Best Practice for Smart Phones is Routinely Check for Firmware Updates
Apple Added Voice and Video 802.11e QoS in 4.3
Wi-Fi Radio Power and Antenna Differ

Note: The Above is also True of Laptops
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802.11e CAC for Video Calls

TSPEC CAC and SIP CAC Share the Same Bandwidth Reservation. Video has a BW Reservation
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Configure for best Channel Utilization Data Rates, Legacy Beam Forming & Band Select
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Data Rates vs. Channel Utilization

Do you need 1997?
Do you need CAT3? 10GigCat6 Ethernet Cable? Do you plug 10Mbps Ethernet NICs into 1 GIG switch ports? Do you need 1997?
That is the first year of Wi-Fi. 1 & 2Mbps
1999 is 802.11b Wi-Fi and 5.5 & 11Mbps
Is it time to re-cycle your WLAN Bandwidth?
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The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth

The denser the deployment of APs, the higher the first required data rate (recommendation from Cisco)
If the AP deployment is not dense, the lower data rates may be necessary to provide coverage With the G.711 codec and the overhead of the 802.11 protocol, the cell throughput does not increase at data rates above 24Mbps
Tuned 802.11b/g Data Rates:
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Site Planning Based on Application

Data
Rate & Range
ABG ABG
Voice Rate & User Density Video Rate & User Density VDI
Rate & Range
ABG
ABG
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802.11 Channel Design for VDI
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What Is a Well Designed Coverage Plan?

Does 792x Work Well?
What is Current Channel Overlap?
What is the Current Range? What are the Current Data Rates? Are the Cells Built on -67dBm Edge? What is the Wi-Fi Channel Utilization CU%? Throughput Does Not Increase once the CU Reaches 33%.
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Ideal Environment for 802.11b/g/a/n Phone Clients the Cell Edge Recommendation Is -67dBm.
A typical deployment showing a 1015% overlap from each of the adjoining cells. Provides almost complete redundancy throughout the cell.
With 5GHz there are enough channels available there should be no need to have a co-channel design, but this would the recommendation for dense 5GHz deployments and for all 2.4GHz deployments The same design principle applies for deployments using 802.11n APs.
The RADIUS of the cell should be: 67 dBm

Channel 1 Channel 6 Channel 11 Channel 36
The separation of same channel cells should be: 19 dB
or
Channel 44
-67dBm
Channel 149
-86dBm
This example shows just 3 of the 5GHz 11a or bounded 11n channels.
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How to Measure and What to Measure
1 of 3
The process is the same for 11b/g, 11a, 11n 20Mhz or 40Mhz wide.
More and more, the Design is about High Density Capacity.

How users and how calls are going to be needed in a certain coverage area. Call Capacity Max is 26 Audio Calls per Wi-Fi Channel. Co-Channel Interference, non-Wi-Fi Interference, Data, Video and CAC Configurations are going to reduce the MAX number of Calls
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2 of 3
Capacity by Coverage Area becomes a DATA RATE and TRANSMIT POWER Configuration Issue. Faster Data Rates = Smaller Cells Lower Transmit Powers = Smaller Cells
Loss the Slow Data Rates and High TX Powers then the Cells will be Smaller.
Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage Area
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TEST
3 of 3
Set to Disabled all data rates except the estimated best fit data rate
Use the Actual Clients that the User is going to use Do Live Calls with those Clients Check the RSSI Reading Off the AP Find the -67 dBm range by slowly moving away from the AP
Now select a client radio to be the survey benchmark radio Disable the Slow Data Rates and abandon High TX Powers -> the Cells will be Smaller
Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage Area

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Measure the -67dBm Cell Size to the Clients

Pick Your Most Used Client or The Client That Your WLAN Network was Designed Around.
Find an Area in Your Facility Where That Devices Uplink is at -67dBm. Move Your New Clients to that Area.
Then Measure the Uplink dBm Value of Those Clients.
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Measure the Uplink at -67dBm on the AP
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SSID Planning Client/Application Types
Divide by application Hardwired client capabilities QoS capabilities Coverage requirements Capacity requirements How many SSIDs?
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VXI Cisco Virtualization Experience Infrastructure
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Desktop Virtualization: Nomenclature

Desktop Virtualization
Suite of Technologies Desktop Streaming Application Virtualization Terminal Services
End-to-End Architecture
Supporting Rich Media /UC
VDI
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
Enhanced Security
Application Acceleration
Cisco VXI
Industry Terms for VDI:

Gartner: Hosted Virtual Desktop IDC: Centralized Virtual Desktop
POE / Energy Wise
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Ciscos Vision for VXI

Deliver a superior collaboration and rich media user experience with best in class ROI in a fully integrated, open and validated desktop virtualization solution
Media Rich Experience
Data Center / Virtualization
VXI
Virtual Workspace
Security
Borderless Networks
Collaboration
TCO / ROI
Integrated System
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Cius A VXI Client Device

Cius unit requires call control support from CUCM 8.5.
802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi for On/Off Campus Mobility
Single Stream
Seamless transition wired to wireless

Battery 8 hours (normal usage) Docking stations at desk Future: 3G/4G data services
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Bringing 802.11n Enhancements Together for a Better Data, Voice, and Video WLAN
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MIMO MIMO
Access Points
MIMO
AP3500 802.11n with separate Spectrum Intelligence radios

AP3500i Internal MIMO Antennas AP3500e External MIMO Antenna support
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10981/data_sheet_c78-594630.html
CleanAir Technology
Simplify wireless operations with:
Automatic interference mitigation for better reliability and performance
Remote troubleshooting for fast problem resolution and less downtime

Robust security with non-Wi-Fi detection for off-channel rogues Policy enforcement with customizable alerts to prohibit devices that interfere with the network
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns394/ns348/ns1070/aag_c22-594304.pdf
AP1260 802.11n External MIMO Antenna support
Same as the AP3500e but without Spectrum Intelligence radio
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10980/data_sheet_c78-593663.html
The AP3500s and AP1260 have the same housing and PoE requirements as the AP1140
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WLAN Advanced Settings
For VoIP Snooping and VoIP Reporting enable this option.

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Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11a/n -> Detail

The Statistics Provide WLAN Performance Info 1 of 3
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Profile Information on Noise and Channel Load 2 of 3
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Profile Information on Noise and Channel Load 3 of 3
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Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11b/g/n -> Detail

CleanAir Info From the Access Point 1 of 2
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Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11b/g/n -> Detail

CleanAir Info From the Access Point 2 of 2
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WLAN QoS for Voice & Video
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Wi-Fi 802.11e CAC & SIP CAC

SIP Based QoS (WLC code stream 6.0)
Intercept and snoop SIP traffic (AP: Upstream, WLC: downstream) to determine voice session and set QoS
RFC 3261 compliant client
SIP Based CAC (WLC code stream 7.0)

Adding to the SIP Based QoS of Release 6 Enable the network to roam voice session between APs based on available bandwidth Feature is applicable to SIP phone w/o TSPEC. Bandwidth parameters are configured manually on per session bases
The WLC has 1 Media Time Parameter The Wi-Fi has 1 Channel Utilization Value for the APs Radio
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A Trace of the Beacon for the AP Shows MT

Channel Utilization & Available Admission Capacity
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Cius WLAN Voice & Video Packet Count

5.3% 256-511 29.0% 128-255 10.0% 2048-2346 4.3% 1024-2048
50.9% 512-1023
Percentage wise, by packet count, the Voice and Video are fairly similar. But the Video packets are nearly 4 times bigger. Therefore taking up substantially more bandwidth, if assigned the same QoS as Voice packets.
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Cius WLAN Voice & Video Byte Count
Percentage wise, by packet size, the Voice used 20% of the bytes and Video used 77.7% of the bytes, taking up substantially more bandwidth. The Video packets of the 9971s ranged from 110 to 939 bytes.
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Eleven Cius Videos on One 5GHz Channel
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Cius Decode
Client Voice packet has a 802.11 UP = 6
Client Video packet has a 802.11 UP = 5
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IP Communicator in SIP Mode & Without Windows QoS Enabled

Client Voice packet has a 802.11 UP = 0 with a DSCP = EF
Client Video packet has a 802.11 UP = 0 with a DSCP = AF
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AP Forwarded Voice Decode

Forwarded Client Voice packet has a 802.11 UP = 6 and maintains DSCP = EF
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AP Forwarded Video Decode

Forwarded Client Video packet has a 802.11 UP = 0 and maintains DSCP = AF
The Video is not given the 802.11 upgrade because the WLAN is Voice.
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Key Takeaways
Smart Phones capabilities are changing rapidly. Regularly review what devices in your environment and their Wi-Fi and BT behaviors are.
802.11n Packet Aggregation configuration recommendations are likely to change in the next couple code releases. Check the release notes for possible updates on configurations.
BT and Wi-Fi Direct do share the same frequencies as Wi-Fi and will consume channel bandwidth. Claims that they are not is untrue.
MIMO Antennas and Beam Forming are your friends.
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Visit the Cisco Store for Related Titles http://theciscostores.com
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On Hook
Thank you.
Skinny Client Control Protocol Data Length: 4 Reserved: 0x00000000 Message ID: 0x00000007 On Hook Message
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Addendum
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Proof That We Had a SIP Marked UP a SIP Media Packet Between the AP and the WLAN Infrastructure.
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Show 802.11a AP Radio Information Via AP Console ( Serial or Telnet)

User Access Verification Username: cisco
Password:
AP0022.90e3.373c>en
Password:
AP0022.90e3.373c# show controller d1
interface Dot11Radio1
Radio AIR-AP1140A, Base Address 0021.1bfc.4280, BBlock version 0.00, Software version 2.10.3 Serial number: FHH123000CW
Number of supported simultaneous BSSID on Dot11Radio1: 16 Carrier Set: Americas (OFDM) (US) (-A)
Uniform Spreading Required: Yes Configured Frequency: 5745 MHz Channel 149
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Continuing show cont d1 From the AP

QBSS Load: 0x6, Policing Stats: Rx downgrades 112, Tx downgrades 0
Classifier Stats tx_on_up6

0, tx_on_up4 2211
Configured Local Access Class Parameters
Back
Best Video
: cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 7 admission-cont

: cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 3 admission-control Off txop 0 : cw-min 3 cw-max 4 fixed-slot 2 admission-control Off txop 0
Voice
: cw-min 2 cw-max 3 fixed-slot 2 admission-control On txop 0

downlink classified_pkt 38803,
SIP stats sip_udp_rx_pkt 1162, sip_tcp_rx_pkt 1049,
uplink classified_pkt 39408,

num_processed_SIP_Calls 16
Transmit queues: In Progress 0 ---- Active --- In-Progress --------------- Counts --------------
Uplink Voice Video Best
Cnt Quo Bas Max Cnt Quo Bas

0 0 0 0
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Sent
0 73345 370 4941
Discard
0 0 0 0
Fail
0 2 0 0
Retry
0 4470 26 67
Multi
0 1777 10 34
69
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
3 646
3 150
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SIP Information on the WLC Monitor Page
SIP VoIP Call Failure in This Case

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WLC Trap Logs

These logs can be forwarded to syslog servers.
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Tracing Voice QoS Marking with Snooping

This is the original packet from the PC client radio to the AP. This is a voice packet from a softphone application. The 802.11 header and IP header have QoS values of 0 RTP Sequence number is x10B6.
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The Client Packet Sequence Number

This is the second have of the packet from the PC client radio to the AP. The original voice packet from the softphone application has a RTP sequence number of 4278 (hex 10B6).
The 802.11 header and IP header have QoS values of 0
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The Client Packet Between the AP and WLC
This is the same packet with a CAPWAP wrapper. The packet is being forwarded by the AP to the WLC.
The original voice packet from the softphone application has a RTP sequence number of 4278 (hex 10B6). The CAPWAP header has voice QoS.
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IP Communicator 8.6 on Windows 7 with QoS Profile Enabled. This was a HD 720p Video Call.
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IP Communicator 8.6 on W7 with QoS
HD Video Call
Voice G722 Packet DSCP = AF (41)
802.11e User Priority (UP) = 4 The Typical VoWLAN UP Would Be 6
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Same Call This Is Next IP Comm Packet

Dynamic RTP Packet DSCP = AF (41) 802.11e UP = 4
The Typical VoWLAN UP Would Be 5 This Keeps Both Packets in the Same 802.11e Access Category (AC), and Therefore Serialized Media Access
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Bluetooth
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Basic BT Spec Basics

Class Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Maximum Permitted Power mW dBm 100 20 2.5 4 1 0
Range (approximate) ~100 meters ~10 meters ~1 meter
Version Version 1.2 Version 2.0 + EDR
Data Rate 1 Mbps 2-3 Mbps
Maximum Application Throughput 0.7 Mbit/s 2.1 Mbit/s
Version 3.0 + HS
Version 4.0
Perhaps 24 Mbit/s
Perhaps 24 Mbit/s
(note: only with AMP, and depends on the AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max)
(note: only with AMP, and depends on the AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max)
Alternative MAC and PHY (AMP) Implementation Bluetooth - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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End of Addendum
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WLAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks

BRKEWN-2000 Larry Ross

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth Management for Multiple Application Types

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Cisco Media Ready Wireless LAN

Cisco Media Ready WLAN

Call Admission Control

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Three 5 Pound Bags

Data Rates 1 & 2 Mbps

Throughput about 0.8 Mbps

The Wreck Is Here

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Bluetooth Client Device Radios

BLUETOOTH PAIRING MODE

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

One Cius with Three Different Application Packet Types

The Best Effort AC Sent 1220 ICMP Ping Reply Packets

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Recommended Enterprise A-MPDU and A-MSDU Settings

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Recommended MPDU & MSDU Settings

Check for Recommended Changes in each Code Release

A-MPDU & A-MSDU WLC Configuration

These configurations are on the CLI only:

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

30% Packet Loss

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis (Continued)

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Video Call After A-MSDU and A-MPDU Changes

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Xoom, iPad, Galaxy Tab, Droid Charge, Cius & iPhone

Thomas Edisons Telephonescope

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

However They Can Share the Same WLAN

Use a Security Type that is Common to All

Wi-Fi Radio Power and Antenna Differ

802.11e CAC for Video Calls

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Data Rates vs. Channel Utilization

1999 is 802.11b Wi-Fi and 5.5 & 11Mbps

Is it time to re-cycle your WLAN Bandwidth?

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Site Planning Based on Application

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

802.11 Channel Design for VDI

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What Is a Well Designed Coverage Plan?

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

The RADIUS of the cell should be: 67 dBm

The separation of same channel cells should be: 19 dB

How to Measure and What to Measure

More and more, the Design is about High Density Capacity.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.