2.ijaest Vol No 7 Issue No 2 Design of Distribution Network of Water Supply For Kudwa and 178 196

Niklesh R. Murekar* et al.
/ (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF

WATER SUPPLY FOR KUDWA AND
KATANGI-KALA VILLAGES
Isha Khedikar
M.Tech. student, IV sem. Environmental Engg.

G.H.Raisoni College of Engg. Nagpur India.
E mail:- nick_murekar@yahoo.co.in
G. H. Raisoni College of Engg. Nagpur India

E mail:- i_khedikar@gmail.com
ES
ABSTRACT
Assistant Prof. Civil Engg.
Niklesh R. Murekar
In present study Kudwa and Katangi-kala villages Water Distribution Network (WDN) was
designed which were located at district Gondia, State Maharashtra, India. For the design of
Kudwa and Katangi-kala water distribution network study of present population, forecast
population for the three decade, daily water demand, flow and also survey of both the villages
were done with the help of DGPS (Digital Global Positioning System). From the survey a road
map was created and also elevations, length of both the villages were calculated. The flow was
calculated to the help of elevation and length. The node no. and pipe no. was denoted on the road
map of both the villages. Water Distribution Network of both the villages was designed with the
help of branch and loop software and compared with manually result. It was found that software
IJ
result were more accurate , save time and manpower than manual result.
Key words: Branch and Loop software, Water Distribution Network, DGPS.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
History
of
Water
Distribution
Network
aqueducts, which conveyed water long

distances by mean of gravity through a
collection of open and closed conduits. The
first aqueduct was built in 312 B.C., and
The most extensive water distribution
several more were added over the centuries.
systems in ancient times were the roman
ISSN: 2230-7818
@ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
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Niklesh R. Murekar* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
The Roman also Introduced lead pressure
residual pressure head at demand nodes and
pipe. While complex water distribution
the pressure heads at supply nodes must be
systems were not common in the middle
of sufficient magnitude to satisfy these
ages, systems of channels were constructed
requirements. The difference between the
to move water from the well source in and
total heads (measured with reference to a
out of castles. leats in England are still
common horizontal datum) at a supply node
existing today.
and a demand node is equal to the algebraic
Water distribution network consist of a

planar system of pipes or links (through
in the network.
There are two type of Water Distribution

Network.
1.
Branch Network
ES
which the water flow), connected together at
sum of the head losses taken along any path
1.2 Water Distribution Netwok
nodes which may be at different elevation.
In general, the complex will also include
pumps, reservoirs and valves. A node

usually has one of the two main functions; it
either receives a supply for the system or it

delivers the demand required by consumers.
As a special case, it may satisfy neither of

these requirements but merely serve as a
junction between two or more pipes. The
IJ
pressure head at a supply node is established

by the presence of a pump or a reservoir.
Resistances to flow (friction losses) which
are the function of length, diameter, flow
rate, and pipe material and roughness occur
in the links as the fluid water around the
network from supply nodes to demand
nodes. The effect of minor losses may be
including as equivalent pipe lengths. It is
usual to specify a minimum acceptable
ISSN: 2230-7818
2.
Loop Network
In Loop software, Loop simulates the

hydraulic characteristics of a pressurized,
looped (close circuit) water distribution
network. The network is characterized by
pipes and nodes (points of inputs /demand or
pipe junction). Data required are the
description of the elements of the network
such as pipe length, diameter, friction
coefficient, nodal demand and ground
elevation, and data describing the geometry
of the network. The program outputs include
flows and velocities in the link and pressures
at the nodes. It does not accommodate inline
booster pumps and pressure reducing valves.
Loop 4.0 handles up to 1000 pipes and can
simulate up to 10 nodes with known
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
hydraulic
grade
lines
(e.g.
storage
each link, total network costs and hydraulic

information.
reservoirs).
1.1 Necessity of project and condition

In Branch software, Branch is used to
leading to the planning of the project
design pressurized, branched (tree-type,
These villages are 30 to 35 km from Gondia
non-looped) water distribution networks by
city, Maharashtra, India. All the newly
choosing from among a set of candidate
established
diameters for each pipeline so that the total
within the vicinity of these villages. The
cost of the network is minimized subject to
development is very fast and hence a new
meeting certain design constraints. Both
water supply scheme is urgently needed.
construction costs and the design constraints
Hence Water Supply Scheme for Kudwa and
can be expressed as linear, mathematical
Katangi-kala villages with WTP as source is
institutions
are
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educational
statements. The network is characterized by
proposed along with water supply rate of 70
links (individual pipes) connected by nodes,
lpcd at consumer end for Kudwa and
which are points of flow input, outflow or
Katangi-kala villages.
pipe junctions. Version 3.0 of the software
2.0 EXISTING WORK INFORMATION
formulates the linear programming model
OF KUDWA AND KATANGI-KALA
for the least cost design, solves the model
Kudwa and Katangi-kala village are in
and
as
Gondia District. Gondia town is a H.Q. of
corresponding hydraulic information. Data
Gondia District, it is situated on Mumbai
required include description of network
Howarah Broad gauge Railway Line it is
the
design
as
well
IJ
outputs
can handle up to 125 pipes. BRANCH
elements such as pipe lengths, friction
about 68 Km from Bhandara and 150 Km
coefficients, nodal demands and ground
from Nagpur. The population of Kudwa and
elevations, data describing the geometry of
Katangi-kala villages is 9436 and 6161.
the network, the candidate diameters and

their unit costs, and system constraints
2.1 Present Water Supply Scheme and
(minimum
pressures,
Condition:
maximum
gradients).
minimum
and
include
At present Kudwa and Katangi-kala villages
optimal lengths and diameters of pipes in
are getting water supply through individual
Outputs
water
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supply
schemes.The
individual
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
2.1.4 Raw Water Pumping Machinery
wells in village Kudwa & Katangi-kala. The
240 BHP VT pumps 3 sets are proposed
schemes were designed for the ultimate
having discharging capacity 735000 Lph
stage for year 2004 with 40 Lpcd as rate of
against 121 Mtr head for each pump. 2 sets
water supply. These schemes are outlived
will run at a time and one will be standby
their designed life of 15 years.
(i.e.50% standby). Hours of pumping are 22
2.1.1 Head Works
Hrs in ultimate stage .Existing pumps are
Intake well:-2.5 m diameter Intake well is
proposed to be replaced in the same capacity
constructed by sinking method in the bed of
and the discharge thereof as the existing
Wainganga River.
Raw Water R/Main is considered to be used
sources of the existing schemes are Bore
simultaneously.
ES
2.1.2 Connecting Main

27" (700 mm DIA) C.I. Connecting main of
2.1.5 Existing Raw Water Rising Main
37 m long connected with intake well to
450 mm Diameter, DI K9 Length 16250 m.
twin jack well on left bank of river

Wainganga.
2.1.6 Water Treatment Plant

A conventional water treatment plant of
capacity 2.5 Mld is designed for immediate
Twin jack wells of 7.30 m diameter each in
stage.
2.1.3 Jack Well and Pump House
circular are constructed on left bank of River

Wainganga. The depth of well is 18.50 m
2.1.7 Water Sump & Pump House
below
in
Water sump size 12 m x 12 x 5.755 m pump
B.B.Masonary and R.C.C. Ring beam at
house size 12.00 x 6.00 x height 6.45 m over
regular interval.The pump house of 18.25 m
the half portion of sump.
x 7.90 m size is built up over the twin jack
2.1.8 Water Pumping Machinery
well having the R.C.C. floor and 3 Sets of
3 Sets of V.T. pumps 90 BHP each having
pumping machinery have been installed in
discharging capacity 832840 Lit/hr against
it.
total head of 40 m,
and
constructed
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G.L.
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
2.1.9 Water Rising Main

It is proposed to existing water rising main,
along with the water pumping machinery for
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODE
existing two nos ESRs and also it is
3.1 Data collect:-For design a water
proposed to fill up the MBR to be
distribution network of Kudwa and Katangi-
constructed near WTP for ESRs by a rising

main of 450 mm dia DI K-9 pipe 100 m in
length.
kala villages, the following data were

obtained from MJP (Maharashtra Jeevan
2.1.10 Master Balancing Reservoir

It is proposed to construct RCC MBR near
staging height 25m to supply water by
gravity to proposed ESR of Kudwa and
Katangi-kala.
1] Collect the population of last 6 decades of

Kudwa and Katangi-kala villages..
2] Collect the existing work data of head
work, WTP, MBR and raw water pipeline.
ES
WTP having capacity of 740000 liters
Pradhikaran).
3] Road map of Kudwa and Katangi-kala

villages.
4] Data of previous existing water pipeline.
2.1.11 Elevated Service Reservoirs
5] Existing location of ESR.
1) 1,00,000 Lit cap.12.0 m staging height at
6] Capacity of existing ESR.
ESR, at village Kudwa
2) 1,00,000 Lit cap.12.0 m staging height
IJ
ESR, at Katangi-kala.
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
IJ
Fig 3 - Katangi-kala Village Map with Node No., Pipe No., Length and Elevation
Fig 4 - Kudwa Village Map with Node No., Pipe No., Length and Elevation
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
At Consumer
2012
2027
2042
1.19
1.71
2.45
1.39
2.0
2.87
End
At Head Work
3.2.3 Water Gravity Main

It is proposed to carry water from MBR to
Two nos ESR by gravity main network

stated as below
Pipe Type
Pipe Length
Fig 3 DGPS (Digital Global Positioning
250 mm
DI K-7
50 m
System)
200 mm
DI K-7
3950 m
150 mm
DI K-7
70 m
ES
Diameter
3.2 PROPOSED WORK INFORMATION

OF KUDWA AND KATANGI-KALA
WATER DISTRIBUTION
3.2.1 Population of Villages
On the basis of population of last 6 decades
3.2.4 Elevated Service Reservoir

The proposed ESRs location and capacity
the calculated forecast population of 2012,
are as under;
2027, and 2042 of KUDWA village was
Location
10533,
of ESR
and
22181
IJ
15261
and
4070 m
Total
the
KATANGI-KALA village was 6459, 9142
Katangi -
and 12863.
kala
Kudwa
Capacity
Unit Lt. Staging

Height
3.34
Lakhs
15 m
5.75
Lakhs .
15 m
3.2.2 Daily Water Demand
The rate of water supply was 70 lpcd. The
3.2.5 Distribution System
daily requirement of water in MLD
The proposed was of CI pipe class. Design

the distribution network in Branch and Loop
software and also a manually. For manual
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
calculation Hazen Williams formula was

used.
Pipes distribution system is given as under;
Hazen Williams Head Loss formula

HEAD LOSS hf =
Name
300 250 200 150 100 mm Total
Where,
of
mm mm mm mm
hf = Head loss in m
Length
Village
-kala
L = Length of Pipe in m
8585
C = Friction Coefficient
Kudwa 170 88 264 1803 10420

12745
170 238 7732373 17776
21330
IJ
Length
D = Diameter of Pipe in m
ES
Total
Q = Flow in m3/s
Katangi 0 150 509 570 7356
Fig 4 - KEY PLAN OF KUDWA & KATANGI-KALA
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
Fig 5 - FLOW DIAGRAM OF KUDWA & KATANGI-KALA
Branch and Loop software and manually is
A node number and pipe number marking of
same of both the villages is represented in
Kudwa
and
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Katangi
kala
villages
is
represented in Fig 1 and Fig 2. The survey

instrument
DGPS
(Digital
Global
IJ
Positioning System) is represented in Fig

3.The presented results are based on the
Branch and Loop software and manually. It
is also based on forecast population of 2012,
2027 and 2042. The comparison of result of
Branch and Loop and manually is same. The
result of water gravity main of Branch and
Loop software and manually is same
table no. 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6). The cost of

gravity main is 11205. The cost of Kudwa
and Katangi kala village distribution cost is
58318 and 30553. This cost is given by the
software.
Branch and Loop software saves the time
and manpower and also more beneficial and
calculate the least cost of water distribution
network. The Branch and Loop software
calculation are more accurate than manual
calculation.
represented in table no. 4.1 and 4.2). The

result of water distribution network of
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
Table 4.1 Result Comparison of Water Gravity Main by Software and Manual
Pipe Detail
From
Node
1
2
3
2
5
To
Node
2
3
4
5
6
Peak
Flow
34.716
21.967
21.967
12.749
12.749
Dia
(mm)
250
200
200
200
150
Hazens HL (m) HL/1000 Length(m)

const
(m)
140
0.10
2.00
50
140
1.24
2.48
500
140
0.12
2.40
50
140
3.07
0.90
3400
140
0.26
3.71
70
ES
Pipe
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Table 4.2 Manual Result of Water Gravity Main

Pipe Detail
1
2
3
2
5
2
3
4
5
6
315.00
315.12
312.60
332.63
311.00
315.12 0.000
0
312.60 0.000
0
332.63 19.970 21.967
311.00 0.000
0
331.1 11.590 12.749
IJ
1
2
3
4
5
GL
Start
End
Pipe
Node
No. Start End
ISSN: 2230-7818
Initial
Flow
lps
Cummula Cummula
Peak -tive Peak -tive Peak
Flow
Flow
Flow
Length
Lps
lps
m3/s
m
34.716
21.967
21.967
12.749
12.749
0.0347
0.0220
0.0220
0.0127
0.0127
50
500
50
3400
70
Dia
M
Head
Loss
M
0.250
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.150
0.10
1.22
0.12
3.03
0.25
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Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
Result Comparison of Water Distribution of Katangi-kala village by Software and Manual

Table 4.3 Software result
Table 4.4 Manual result
Pipe From To
Flow Dia
No. Node Node (lps) (mm)
1
1
2
37.170 230
HL Length
(m)
(m)
0.16
50
Pipe From To
Dia
No. Node Node (mm)
1
1
2
230
HL
(m)
0.16
4.363
96
0.35
80
96
0.35
3.031
96
0.11
50
0.219
96
0.00
50
5
6
3
4
6
7
0.982
0.438
96
96
0.03
0.01
114
100
3
4
5
6
3
4
3
4
4
5
6
7
96
96
96
96
0.11
0.00
0.03
0.01
7
8
4
8
8
9
2.155
1.147
96
96
0.27
0.03
230
90
96
0.27
96
0.03
10
0.132
96
0.00
30
10
96
0.00
10
11
32.588
230
0.26
10
10
11
230
0.26
11
11
12
22.462
182
0.14
34
11
11
12
182
0.14
12
12
13
21.942
182
0.17
44
12
12
13
182
0.17
13
14
13
14
14
15
21.254
19.597
182
182
0.18
0.31
50
100
13
13
14
182
0.18
14
14
15
182
0.31
15
16
15
17
16
87
21.025
0.192
182
96
0.08
0.00
22
44
15
15
16
182
0.08
17
11
17
9.687
182
0.04
44
16
17
87
96
0.00
18
19
17
18
18
19
5.748
3.099
134
96
0.05
0.03
38
14
17
11
17
182
0.04
18
17
18
134
0.05
20
19
88
3.073
96
0.07
30
19
18
19
96
0.03
21
22
88
6
20
19
0.210
0.034
96
96
0.00
0.00
48
102
20
19
88
96
0.07
21
88
20
96
0.00
23
17
21
3.555
96
0.10
34
22
19
96
0.00
24
18
22
2.481
96
0.05
34
23
17
21
96
0.10
25
88
23
2.731
96
0.04
24
24
25
18
88
22
23
96
96
0.05
0.04
26
27
12
21
21
22
0.371
0.665
96
96
0.00
0.01
44
38
28
23
24
0.201
96
0.00
46
29
30
21
22
25
26
2.919
2.831
96
96
0.09
0.09
44
44
26
27
28
29
12
21
23
21
21
22
24
25
96
96
96
96
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.09
30
22
26
96
0.09
31
23
27
2.425
96
0.07
46
31
23
27
96
0.07
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96
182
134
134
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96
134
96
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96
96
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0.08
0.00
0.07
0.20
0.05
0.03
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.13
0.07
0.05
0.13
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.12
0.09
0.12
0.64
0.12
1.26
0.10
0.45
0.42
0.42
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.69
0.69
0.00
0.31
0.24
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
44
38
46
42
88
58
36
30
30
100
130
130
100
100
50
50
184
280
25
280
190
30
340
20
90
94
140
30
36
142
50
30
162
146
150
100
100
92
60
80
108
28
78
60
58
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
25
25
26
27
14
29
29
30
31
28
30
31
33
34
35
35
9
16
16
38
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
41
40
52
52
53
53
42
55
56
56
55
58
59
61
13
26
27
29
28
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
15
33
34
36
16
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
54
53
54
66
55
56
61
57
58
59
60
59
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
182
96
182
134
134
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
134
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
2.652
0.075
2.546
4.566
1.437
1.469
2.914
1.401
0.132
2.267
1.354
1.137
2.304
0.913
0.348
0.219
2.873
1.227
21.768
1.227
20.430
9.860
9.596
4.798
4.711
4.441
3.565
2.237
0.376
1.366
0.219
0.132
9.736
4.547
4.477
0.174
3.646
3.307
1.687
0.949
0.474
3.162
0.350
0.264
0.511
ES
13
26
27
29
28
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
15
33
34
36
16
37
38
39
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51
52
54
53
54
66
55
56
61
57
58
59
60
59
25
25
26
27
14
29
29
30
31
28
30
31
33
34
35
35
9
16
16
38
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
41
40
52
52
53
53
42
55
56
56
55
58
59
61
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32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
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50
51
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53
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56
57
58
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60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
0.08
0.00
0.07
0.20
0.05
0.03
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.13
0.06
0.05
0.11
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.12
0.09
0.12
0.64
0.12
1.26
0.10
0.45
0.42
0.42
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.69
0.69
0.00
0.31
0.24
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
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96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
ISSN: 2230-7818
0.00
0.08
0.23
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.18
0.25
0.08
0.00
0.11
0.33
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.01
20
64
60
60
30
100
50
140
84
40
210
100
50
106
80
70
80
110
60
42
44
52
50
50
50
50
32
58
26
210
116
50
70
89
9
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
61
63
54
63
64
64
66
58
44
68
68
67
70
45
46
73
75
75
47
77
78
79
77
78
79
84
73
85
85
70
49
49
89
13
89
62
55
63
64
65
66
67
44
68
69
70
70
71
72
73
74
73
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
48
84
84
75
85
80
86
90
89
9
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
0.087
2.226
4.083
1.593
0.132
1.197
3.967
2.689
1.952
0.174
1.409
3.748
0.219
0.465
0.712
0.306
0.739
0.483
1.730
1.247
0.845
0.434
0.219
0.219
0.219
1.369
0.443
1.322
1.336
3.578
0.304
0.219
0.306
2.953
2.473
ES
62
55
63
64
65
66
67
44
68
69
70
70
71
72
73
74
73
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
48
84
84
75
85
80
86
90
89
9
61
63
54
63
64
64
66
58
44
68
68
67
70
45
46
73
75
75
47
77
78
79
77
78
79
84
73
85
85
70
49
49
89
13
89
IJ
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
0.00
0.08
0.23
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.18
0.25
0.08
0.00
0.11
0.33
0.00
0.01
0.01
o.00
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.01
Page 22
Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
Result Comparison of Water Distribution of Kudwa village by Software and Manual

Table 4.5 Software result
IJ
ISSN: 2230-7818
Pipe
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
From To
Dia
Node Node (mm)
1
2
300
2
3
96
3
4
96
3
5
96
2
6
300
6
7
230
7
8
182
8
9
182
9
10
182
10
11
182
11
12
134
12
13
134
13
14
96
14
15
96
15
16
96
16
17
96
17
18
96
9
19
134
19
20
134
20
21
134
19
22
96
20
23
96
10
24
96
24
25
96
25
26
96
19
24
96
25
20
96
11
27
96
27
28
96
29
28
96
29
30
96
30
31
96
21
29
134
30
32
96
31
33
96
12
34
96
34
35
96
35
36
96
HL Length
(m)
(m)
0.05
20
0.71
410
0.00
20
0.01
100
0.33
150
0.22
88
0.51
110
0.11
28
0.07
36
0.08
50
0.09
22
0.08
36
0.18
48
0.14
46
0.06
30
0.15
90
0.08
100
0.07
40
0.04
30
0.06
40
0.00
40
0.00
40
0.01
40
0.02
30
0.00
30
0.01
40
0.01
40
0.13
40
0.04
30
0.01
30
0.06
40
0.02
30
0.14
100
0.00
50
0.00
60
0.06
40
0.04
15
0.00
15
ES
Flow Dia
(lps) (mm)
63.426 300
2.640
96
0.099
96
0.498
96
60.687 300
31.820 230
24.325 182
21.875 182
15.142 182
13.947 182
9.912 134
7.357 134
4.056
96
3.552
96
2.785
96
2.635
96
1.783
96
6.592 134
5.390 134
5.966 134
0.198
96
0.198
96
1.015
96
1.421
96
0.150
96
0.806
96
1.121
96
3.786
96
2.173
96
0.802
96
2.467
96
1.405
96
5.768 134
0.249
96
0.300
96
2.445
96
3.401
96
0.574
96
Pipe From To
No. Node Node
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
3
5
5
2
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
16
17
17
17
18
18
9
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
19
22
22
20
23
23
10
24
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
19
24
27
25
20
28
11
27
29
27
28
30
29
28
31
29
30
32
30
31
33
21
29
34
30
32
35
31
33
36
12
34
37
34
35
38
35
36
Table 4.6 Manual result
HL
(m)
0.05
0.71
0.00
0.01
0.33
0.22
0.51
0.11
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.18
0.14
0.06
0.15
0.08
0.07
0.04
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.04
0.01
0.06
0.02
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.04
0.00
Page 23
Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
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96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
ISSN: 2230-7818
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.09
0.11
0.09
0.07
0.00
0.01
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.09
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.06
30
40
30
30
30
30
30
30
40
30
36
86
40
40
40
30
44
42
42
42
42
32
15
25
25
10
25
12
40
46
46
46
42
42
42
42
36
36
28
28
28
12
40
50
44
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
36
37
38
28
29
30
31
34
35
37
38
39
13
42
43
45
42
43
44
45
14
46
47
49
50
50
51
52
53
46
48
49
51
52
53
61
55
56
57
58
58
59
61
61
60
37
38
39
38
37
38
39
40
42
41
45
52
42
43
44
44
46
61
49
50
46
47
48
48
49
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
54
15
55
56
57
59
60
60
62
63
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
0.499
1.900
1.601
2.825
1.851
0.615
0.955
0.150
2.752
0.150
3.241
2.256
3.121
2.573
0.608
1.232
2.901
1.767
1.492
1.828
0.264
0.780
0.621
0.554
0.365
1.130
0.199
0.997
0.069
1.955
1.100
0.971
0.880
0.907
0.868
0.339
3.245
1.518
0.826
0.224
0.308
0.867
0.969
0.249
2.235
ES
37
38
39
38
37
38
39
40
42
41
45
52
42
43
44
44
46
61
49
50
46
47
48
48
49
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
54
15
55
56
57
59
60
60
62
63
36
37
38
28
29
30
31
34
35
37
38
39
13
42
43
45
42
43
44
45
14
46
47
49
50
50
51
52
53
46
48
49
51
52
53
61
55
56
57
58
58
59
61
61
60
IJ
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.09
0.11
0.09
0.07
0.00
0.01
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.09
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.06
Page 24
Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
96
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96
96
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96
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96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
134
96
96
96
96
96
134
96
134
96
96
ISSN: 2230-7818
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.21
0.41
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
1.43
0.17
0.29
0.40
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.44
0.00
0.51
0.42
0.10
20
26
22
30
26
44
40
52
20
52
26
50
150
40
60
60
53
70
165
26
128
26
36
34
127
24
114
50
176
434
186
110
190
30
30
40
50
410
150
48
226
202
60
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
63
68
63
64
65
64
66
68
65
70
69
71
18
73
73
17
75
15
76
77
77
77
80
80
82
83
85
86
86
89
8
90
7
90
91
92
92
91
6
95
95
96
97
68
70
64
65
66
66
67
69
69
71
71
72
73
74
76
75
76
75
77
79
78
80
81
82
83
84
83
85
87
86
89
89
90
91
92
93
94
140
95
117
96
97
98
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
134
96
96
96
96
96
134
96
134
96
96
1.008
0.475
1.008
0.487
0.119
0.409
0.198
0.435
0.219
0.346
0.293
0.249
1.285
0.198
0.340
0.402
3.457
3.604
3.233
0.129
0.639
1.643
0.180
1.334
1.163
0.120
0.160
0.409
1.179
3.751
1.901
3.326
7.048
2.774
0.597
0.198
0.249
2.027
8.485
0.374
7.363
2.907
2.583
ES
68
70
64
65
66
66
67
69
69
71
71
72
73
74
76
75
76
75
77
79
78
80
81
82
83
84
83
85
87
86
89
89
90
91
92
93
94
140
95
117
96
97
98
63
68
63
64
65
64
66
68
65
70
69
71
18
73
73
17
75
15
76
77
77
77
80
80
82
83
85
86
86
89
8
90
7
90
91
92
92
91
6
95
95
96
97
IJ
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.21
0.41
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
1.43
0.17
0.29
0.40
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.44
0.00
0.51
0.41
0.10
Page 25
Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
182
134
96
134
96
134
96
96
134
96
134
96
134
96
134
96
96
134
96
134
96
ISSN: 2230-7818
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.40
0.03
0.09
0.00
0.51
0.00
0.08
0.30
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.13
0.07
0.25
0.16
0.06
0.17
0.02
0.01
0.54
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.07
0.03
0.27
0.20
0.02
0.20
0.01
36
38
38
26
60
60
60
60
40
40
96
152
60
232
10
222
50
100
226
50
208
50
40
16
126
72
42
62
26
106
185
40
42
30
66
30
40
10
120
60
44
84
40
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
98
99
100
101
98
99
100
101
98
99
109
96
109
110
112
112
113
113
133
134
134
143
6
115
116
116
117
120
118
118
121
122
122
124
124
126
126
128
128
115
136
136
121
99
100
101
102
105
106
107
108
103
104
97
109
110
111
110
113
114
133
134
135
143
145
115
116
117
120
118
121
121
119
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
112
129
136
120
137
137
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
182
134
96
134
96
134
96
96
134
96
134
96
134
96
134
96
96
134
96
134
96
1.785
1.107
0.618
0.129
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.198
0.198
0.648
3.329
1.408
1.158
0.050
3.082
0.249
1.726
2.287
0.249
0.910
0.249
19.64
10.25
2.862
7.309
2.369
8.119
1.631
0.528
8.446
0.198
7.327
0.150
6.967
0.150
6.487
3.231
3.058
9.186
1.389
7.497
0.666
ES
99
100
101
102
105
106
107
108
103
104
97
109
110
111
110
113
114
133
134
135
143
145
115
116
117
120
118
121
121
119
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
112
129
136
120
137
137
98
99
100
101
98
99
100
101
98
99
109
96
109
110
112
112
113
113
133
134
134
143
6
115
116
116
117
120
118
118
121
122
122
124
124
126
126
128
128
115
136
136
121
IJ
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.40
0.03
0.09
0.00
0.51
0.00
0.08
0.30
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.13
0.07
0.25
0.16
0.06
0.17
0.02
0.01
0.54
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.07
0.03
0.27
0.20
0.02
0.20
0.01
Page 26
Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 178 - 196
138
139
140
141
129
130
131
132
133
142
142
143
144
34
88
7.742
0.339
6.995
6.079
2.578
3.812
0.348
3.104
1.398
1.577
3.102
1.946
0.249
1.415
0.300
134
96
134
134
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
REFERENCE
1)
0.20
0.00
0.37
0.13
0.41
0.24
0.00
0.06
0.04
0.12
0.84
0.26
0.00
0.01
0.00
82
68
180
80
246
72
70
26
68
188
360
265
50
22
60
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
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Memetic
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Chelsea,
Mi:
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Publishers.
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from IWWA march 2001 computer
3)
0.20
0.00
0.37
0.13
0.40
0.24
0.00
0.06
0.04
0.12
0.83
0.26
0.00
0.01
0.00
Nemanja Trifunovic (2002) Water
Sizing,
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87
137
138
138
140
141
129
130
130
132
132
141
142
143
27
87
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Niklesh R. Murekar* et al.

/ (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF

M.Tech. student, IV sem. Environmental Engg.

G. H. Raisoni College of Engg. Nagpur India

Assistant Prof. Civil Engg.

aqueducts, which conveyed water long

The most extensive water distribution

several more were added over the centuries.

systems in ancient times were the roman

@ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.

The Roman also Introduced lead pressure

residual pressure head at demand nodes and

pipe. While complex water distribution

the pressure heads at supply nodes must be

systems were not common in the middle

of sufficient magnitude to satisfy these

ages, systems of channels were constructed

requirements. The difference between the

to move water from the well source in and

total heads (measured with reference to a

out of castles. leats in England are still

common horizontal datum) at a supply node

and a demand node is equal to the algebraic

Water distribution network consist of a

There are two type of Water Distribution

which the water flow), connected together at

sum of the head losses taken along any path

1.2 Water Distribution Netwok

nodes which may be at different elevation.

In general, the complex will also include

pumps, reservoirs and valves. A node

either receives a supply for the system or it

As a special case, it may satisfy neither of

pressure head at a supply node is established

In Loop software, Loop simulates the

@ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.

each link, total network costs and hydraulic

1.1 Necessity of project and condition

leading to the planning of the project

design pressurized, branched (tree-type,

These villages are 30 to 35 km from Gondia

non-looped) water distribution networks by

city, Maharashtra, India. All the newly

choosing from among a set of candidate

diameters for each pipeline so that the total

within the vicinity of these villages. The

cost of the network is minimized subject to

development is very fast and hence a new

meeting certain design constraints. Both

water supply scheme is urgently needed.

construction costs and the design constraints

Hence Water Supply Scheme for Kudwa and

can be expressed as linear, mathematical

Katangi-kala villages with WTP as source is

statements. The network is characterized by

proposed along with water supply rate of 70

links (individual pipes) connected by nodes,

lpcd at consumer end for Kudwa and

which are points of flow input, outflow or

pipe junctions. Version 3.0 of the software

2.0 EXISTING WORK INFORMATION