EXPERIMENT 1: STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

OBJECTIVES: 1. To investigate the no load characteristics of a three phase induction motor. 2. To study the current/voltage of three phase induction motor in STAR and

DELTAconnections.
3. To modify the sense of rotation.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

y y y y y

Three phase induction motor Rated power : 50W Rated voltage : 41.5 V Rated current : 1.9 A Rated synchronous speed : 1320 RPM

CAUTION: 1. Safety first 2. Do not exceed the rated voltage 3. Should not POWER ON the machine before getting permission from the lecturer.

INTRODUCTION TO THE EXPERIMENT TITLE A three phase induction motor is a type of ac motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of electromagnetic induction. They are widely used in industrial drives applications; particularly the three phase induction motors are often used. Because they are robust, have no friction caused by brushes and can have the speed of the motor controlled easily. In three phase magnetic motor the rotating magnetic field of the stator imposes a torque on the magnetic field of the rotor. Causing it to rotate steadily, the speed of the rotor matches the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator. An example of an induction motor is the slip ring induction motor, a three phase induction motor can be connected using star and delta connections.

STA C NN CTION:

and note down the corresponding no load current. 3. We then started decreasing the supply voltage in steps from the rated voltage and also note down the corresponding no load current in the table shown below. 4. While we decrease the voltage we noticed that the no load current also decreases until a certain value of voltage. 5. After which we stopped the machine by switching OFF the power supply. 6. Finally we sketched down the no load characteristics of the induction motor.

"

"

hen we Switche ON the ac supply and increase the supply voltage to rated voltage

 

     

OC

Firs y e

ec ions s er the circ it shown in figure 1 above

igure 1

EXPERIMENT RESULTS: TABLE 1; SI.No STAR CONNECTION volta 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 cu

41.50 36.60 27.87 21.01 15.61 9.26 6.00 0.1 0.1 0.2

0.3 0.3

0.1

0.1

$% %

$#

nt

DELTA CONNECTION:

igure 2

3. We also decreased the voltage in steps from the ra voltage and noted down the ted corresponding no load current as shown on the table below. 4. We noticed that when the voltage is decreased, the no load current also decreases until a certain value of voltage. 5. We then stopped the machine by switching OFF the power supply. 6. After then we sketched the no load characteristics of the induction motor

('

&

OCEDURE: 1. Firstly we made all the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in figure 2 above. 2. We then switched ON the ac supply and increased the supply voltage to rated voltage (41.5v) and note down the corresponding no load current.

EXPERIMENT RESULTS: TABLE 2; SI. No DELTA CONNECTION volta 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 41.50 34.46 28.73 21.24 14.47 10.45 2.78 cu

1.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2

ANALYSIS: 1. the difference in line and phase current in both star and delta connections can be described as follows; in a star connection the line current is always equal to the phase current because in a star connection each phase has on end connected to the other ma ing the phase ends being connected together at one point, therefore ma ing the line current equal to the phase current flowing through each phase. As phase and line currents are equal line voltage is greater than phase voltage by a factor of3 therefore Vp= VL/3. While in delta connection the reverse is the case, here the line voltage is equal to the Phase voltage. In delta connections all the phases are connected together at both Ends, so since two phases meets at each ends the current will be divided ma ing the The line current greater than the phase current by a factor of 3 therefore Ip = IL/3. The star connected systems generates high voltages at low currents while the delta Connected systems generate a low voltage at high current. Below are diagrams Showing the star and delta connections;

122

10

nt

From the above diagrams A, B and C represent the three phases while N stands for Neutral, a delta connection have no neutral.

2. The electric motor changes its direction of rotation when the direction of current or magnetic flux changes. The electrical motor has two basic components, the armature and the field coils. The armature is a coil wrapped on some ind of former in which there is current being carried and there are also two field coils which are permanent magnets, so when the current flowing through the armature winding changes direction this also affects the direction of the magnetic flux and thereby causing the motor to change its rotation direction too. Also if we want to change the speed of the motor, it can be done by increasing the rate of current flow into the motor, so also increase in the strength of the magnetic flux can also lead to change in speed of the motor. Generally, interchanging the cables of the three phase supply on the motor also leads to change in rotation direction of the motor.

3. The induction motor does not have any direct supply onto the rotor;instead a secondary current is induced in the rotor. To achieve this, the stator windings are arranged around the rotor so that when energised with a three phase supply they

Sta conn ction

d lta conn ction

create a rotating magnetic field flux pattern which sweeps past the rotor. This changing magnetic field pattern induces current in the rotor conductors, these currents interacts with the rotating magnetic field created by the stator and in effect causes a rotational motion on the rotor due to the magnetic field flux produced in the stator. For a current to be induced in a rotor the speed of the physical rotor must be less than the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator or else the magnetic field will not be moving relatively with the rotor conductors and no current will be induced. The figure below shows a magnetic field pattern in the stator of a three phase ac induction motor.

4. Safety precautions to be noted when dealing with a three phase induction motors are based on the following;

materials required for its construction must be met. Ma e the coils used are well insulated so as to avoid short circuit. The body of the motor has to be grounded to prevent it from damage in case of surge in electric voltage. Tim of op atin th machin ; at this point avoid operating the motor on voltages that is above its rated voltage to avoid damage to the motor, also do not get wet hands close to the machine so as to avoid electric shoc .

BA

Tim

of const uction of th

machin ; during this stage all necessary

Tim of maintainin th moto ; during maintenances of the motor do not allow water on the coils so as to avoid short circuit, the motor should be well coupled bac to normal before operating it again.

REFERENCES:

Linton University College, electrical/electronic engineering department, Malaysia.

http://en.wi ipedia.org/wi i/inductionmotors , [13/7/2011].

prentice hall.

Hughes E. (2005 , Hughes electrical and electronics technology, seventh edition,

Wi ipedia, (2011 ,

Mr Vinu umar, (2011 , electrical systems, EE2005, [lecture notes], electric motors,

three phase induction motors, [online], available from