Laundry whitening agents contain small quantities of a certain substance which fluoresces with a bluish white light when

ultraviolet rays fall on them. This enhances the whiteness of clothes. Rayleighs scattering law states that the amount of scattering of light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. The colour of the sea The blue colour of the sea is partly due to reflection from the blue sky and partly by scattering of light by the water molecules. Near the shore the sea is green because of the sand in suspension which scatters blue and green light and also due to the reflection of yellow light from the sand. The FM radio uses electromagnetic waves of frequency ranging from 88 MHz to 108 MHz. The AM radio uses electromagnetic waves of frequency ranging from 550 kHz to 1000 kHz

The Deccan plateau is flanked by the coastal plains along the western and eastern side. These coastal plains are the West Coast Plain between the Deccan plateau and the Arabian sea on the west and the East Coast Plain between the Deccan plateau and Bay of Bengal in the east. The coastal strip runs for the distance of about 6000 kms from Rann of Kutch in the west to the Ganga Brahmaputra delta in the east. Excessive secretion of thyroxine results in exophthalmic goiter also called Graves disease. The symptoms of the disease are:

Enlargement of the gland. Increased metabolic rate results in quick consumption of food without anything left for storage and causing emaciation. (Leanness of body) Heart beat and blood pressure rises. Nervousness, initability, tremor and bulging of eye balls (exophthalmos) . This disease can be rectified by removal of a part of the gland termed thyrectomy.

1.The Centrally-Sponsored Scheme of District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched in 1994 as a major initiative to revitalise the primary education system and to achieve the objective of universalisation of primary education. The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) was established in August 1995 with a view to achieve planned and co-ordinated development of teacher education system throughout the country and for regulation and proper maintenance of norms and standards of teacher education Parliament of India - Construction

The building was designed by two famous architects - Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker - who were responsible for the planning and construction of New Delhi. The Foundation Stone of Parliament House was laid on the 12th February, 1921 by H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught. The construction of the building took six years and the opening ceremony was performed on the 18th January, 1927 by the then Governor-General of India, Lord Irwin. The cost of construction was Rs. 83 lakhs PHOBIAS

The hormone adrenalin is excessively secreted into blood stream at the time of frightened state or panic state to keep the body in steady state. So it is called as emergency hormone or hormone of fear. Some types of fear (phobias):

Hydrophobia - Fear of water Eremiophobia - Fear of silence Phonophobia - Fear of noise Acrophobia - Fear of heights Cynophobia - Fear of dogs Nyctophobia - Fear of the dark Ophidiophobia - Fear of snakes

Pyrophobia - Fear of fire

The value of acceleration due to gravity at different locations. Galileo stated In the absence of air resistance, all bodies fall at the same acceleration, which is approximately 9.8 m s2. The value of acceleration due to gravity at different locations are given below:

At the surface of the earth (average) - 9.8 m s2 At the equator - 9.780 m s2 At the poles - 9.832 m s2 At Chennai - 9.782 m s2 At the centre of the earth - zero m s2

Maqbool Fida Husain (17 September 1915 9 June 2011) has been famously referred to as the 'Picasso of India' by Forbes magazine. The Government of India awarded him the prestigious Padma Shri in 1955. He has been awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1973 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1991. M.F Husain went into a self-imposed exile in 2006 The celebrated painter died at Royal Brompton hospital in London at 2:30 am on June 09, 2011

India test-fired its indigenously developed nuclear-capable Prithvi-II ballistic missile from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur. With a maximum striking range of 350 km, the missile (Prithvi-II) is capable of carrying a pay-load of 500-1000 kg warhead. It was the fourth successful Prithvi-II flight within a period of eight months.

1879: John Elliot Drink water Bethune established the Bethune School in 1849, which developed into the Bethune College in 1879, thus becoming the first women's college in India 1883: Chandramukhi Basu and Kadambini Ganguly became the first female graduates of India and the British Empire. 1886: Kadambini Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi became the first women from India to be trained in Western medicine. 1905: Suzanne RD Tata becomes the first Indian woman to drive a car. 1916: The first women's university, SNDT Women's University, was founded on June 2, 1916 by the social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve with just five students. 1917: Annie Besant became the first female president of the Indian National Congress. 1919: For her distinguished social service, Pandita Ramabai became the first Indian woman to be awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind by the British Raj. 1925: Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian born female president of the Indian National Congress 1927: The All India Women's Conference was founded. 1944: Asima Chatterjee became the first Indian woman to be conferred the Doctorate of Science by an Indian university 1947: On August 15, 1947, following independence, Sarojini Naidu became the governor of the United Provinces, and in the process became India's first woman governor. 1951: Prem Mathur of the Deccan Airways becomes the first Indian women commercial pilot. 1953: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit became the first woman (and first Indian) president of the United Nations General Assembly 1959: Anna Chandy becomes the first Indian woman judge of a High Court (Kerala High Court) 1963: Sucheta Kriplani became the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, the first woman to hold that position in any Indian state. 1966: Captain Durga Banerjee becomes the first Indian woman pilot of the state airline, Indian Airlines. 1966: Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay wins Ramon Magsaysay award for community leadership. 1966: Indira Gandhi becomes the first woman Prime Minister of India. 1970: Kamaljit Sandhu becomes the first Indian woman to win a Gold in the Asian Games. 1972: Kiran Bedi becomes the first female recruit to join the Indian Police Service.

1979: Mother Teresa wins the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Indian female citizen to do so. 1984: On May 23, Bachendri Pal became the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest. 1989: Justice M. Fathima Beevi becomes the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India. 1997: Kalpana Chawla becomes the first India-born woman to go into space. 1992: Priya Jhingan becomes the first lady cadet to join the Indian Army (later commissioned on March 6, 1993) 1994: Harita Kaur Deol becomes the first Indian woman pilot in the Indian Air Force (IAF), on a solo flight. 2000: Karnam Malleswari became the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal (bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics at Sydney) 2002: Lakshmi Sahgal became the first Indian woman to run for the post of President of India. 2004: Punita Arora became the first woman in the Indian Army to don the highest rank of Lieutenant General. 2007: Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman President of India. 2009: Meira Kumar became the first woman Speaker of Lok Sabha, the lower house in Indian Parliament The Islands of India Andhaman and Nicobars, Lakshadweeps

Besides the mainland, Indian Territory also extends into the Arabian and the Bay of Bengal in the form of the Lakshadweeps and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands respectively. The Lakshadweeps are small Coral Islands. The Andamans and Nicobars are cluster of Islands stretches almost in a line. There are as many as 200 islands in the Andamans Group extending for 350 kms. There are 19 islands in the Nicobar group. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands are separated by the 10 N parallel. Some of the islands are of volcanic origin. Barren Island is an active volcano. This is the only active volcano of India. Green Revolution India realised the first Green Revolution in 1967 68. A good year of rainfall coupled with efforts to improve the agricultural output with new technology resulted in record food grain production. The spectacular increase in the production of food grains is termed as Green Revolution. The contribution of M.S. Swaminathan towards scientific research in agriculture is noteworthy. He has been described in the

United Nations Environment Programme as the Father of Economic Ecology. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) was registered in 1988 as a non-profit Trust. MSSRF is doing research in the following five areas coastal systems research, biodiversity and biotechnology, ecotechnology and sustainable agriculture, reaching the unreached and education, communication, training and capacity building. Chromosome Numbers Chromosome numbers are very specific for each species of an animal in diploid state (2n). Each gamete is with single set of chromosome called haploid set (n) or genome. Fertilisation maintains the diploid state of chromosomes. Chromosome numbers of few animal species are: Man 46 ,Cat 38,Gorilla 48 Rat 42,Frog 26 Fruit fly 8 Dog, Hen - 78 ,Hydra 32 Cockroach 34 ,Pigeon 80 Raman Effect by Sir C.V. Raman Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman: (07-09-1888 to 21-09-1970). A new type of molecular scattering entirely different from Raleighs scattering was discovered by Sir C.V. Raman in 1928. When an intense beam of monochromatic light is passed through a substance, the light is scattered and the scattered light contains other frequencies in addition to that of the incident light. This is known as Raman Effect. For the above discovery Sir C.V. Raman was awarded Nobel Prize on 10th December 1930. India celebrates National Science Day on 28 February of every year to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928.

Education Before 1976, education was the exclusive responsibility of the States. The Constitutional Amendment of 1976, which included education in the Concurrent List, was a far-reaching step. The Central Government continues to play a leading role in the evolution and monitoring of educational policies and programmes, the most notable of which are the National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986 and the Programme of Action (POA), 1986 as updated in 1922. With a view to enhancing enrollment, retention and attendance and simultaneously improving nutritional levels among children, the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NPNSPE) was launched as a Centrally Sponsored Schemeon 15th August 1995. G.k. The heart beats rhythemically 72 times per minute in adult man at rest and a single heart beat lasts for 0.8 of a second. Average heart beat rate in new born is about 130 times per minutes. In an average life time of 70 years, the human heart beats about 2.5 billion times, pumping about 180 million litres of blood. Blood raises through the arteries upto 1 metre (3 feet) per second.There are over 60,000 Kilometres 37,000 miles of capillaries in the human body. The name hormone was first used by the English physiologists W.M. Bayliss and E.H. Starling in 1909. The thyroid is the largest of the endocrine glands, weighing about 2025 g. Controlled dose of insulin and sugar free diet are best preventive measures for diabetes mellitus. Glucagon is secreted to increase sugar level in blood by breaking down the glycogen in the liver into glucose. Its action is opposite to that of insulin. Glucagon starts functioning when blood glucose level falls in blood.

CLIMATE The climate of India may be broadly described as tropical monsoon type. There are four seasons: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Winter (January-February) Hot weather summer (March-May) Rainy south-western monsoon (June-September) Post-monsoon, also known as north-east monsoon in the southern Peninsula (October-December)

Indias climate is affected by two seasonal winds the north-east monsoon and the southwest monsoon. The north-east monsoon commonly known as winter monsoon blows from land to sea whereas south-west monsoon known as summer monsoon blows from sea to land after crossing the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The south-west monsoon brings most of the rainfall during the year in the country. Top 10 peaks 1. Mount Everest (8,848 m) 2. K2 (8,611 m) 3. Kangchenjunga (8,586 m) 4. Lhotse (8,516 m) 5. Makalu (8,485 m) 6. Cho Oyu (8,188 m) 7. Dhaulagiri I (8,167 m) 8. Manaslu (8,163) 9. NangaParbat (8,126 m) 10. Annapurna I (8,091m) National Tobacco Control Programme A comprehensive tobacco control legislation titled The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act,

2003 was notified in the official gazette on 19th May, 2003. The Act is applicable to whole of India and covers all types of tobacco products. World No Tobacco Day is observed around the world every year on May 31. Gk.

The term mutation was first used by Hugo de Vries (1901) who observed it in Oenothera lamarckiana. In 1953, S. James Watson and F.H.Crickproposed a model of double helix structure of DNA molecule for which they were awarded noble prize. The term gene was coined by W. Johannsen in 1909. In 1933, Morgan discovered hereditary functions of chromosomes. The term CELL was coined by Robert Hooke (1665). Schleidenand Theodor Schwann propounded the cell theory in 1839. Auxins were discovered by Went in 1928. The growth in length of plants can be measured by an instrument called Lever or Arc Auxanometer. The cytokinins are plant hormones which act primarily on cell division. It was first isolated by Miller and his coworkers in USA. The discovery of gibberellins was made by a Japanese plant pathologist Kurusowa. Pasteur (1860) discovered that yeast could respire in the absence of molecular oxygen. Dark reaction was discovered by Melvin Calvin. Mohls Half Leaf Experiment proves that carbon di oxide is essential for photosynthesis.

Symptoms of Mineral deficiency in plants:

Deficiency symptoms are external manifestations of the deficiency of mineral elements in plants. The deficiency can be related to absence of a particular nutrient in the soil or non availability of the nutrient to the plant due to various reasons. Some of the common deficiency symptoms observed in plants are:

Chlorosis Loss of chlorophyll leading to yellowing of leaves. Mottling Appearance of patches of green and non-green areas on the leaves. Wilting Drooping of the leaves due to loss of conduction of water. Necrosis Death of tissues in certain parts. Stunted growth Plants with shortened internodes and smaller in size.

The ISO 9000 series of standards relate to Quality Management Systems and are designed to help organizations ensure they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders. ISO 14000 series of standards (which deals on Environmental Management Standards) is similar to ISO 9000 quality management in that both pertain to the process of how a product is produced, rather than to the product itself. The Childrens Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act Indian parliament passed The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE) on 4 August 2009. The law came into effect in the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1 April 2010. The Act makes education a fundamental right of every child between the ages of 6 and 14 and specifies minimum norms in elementary schools. It requires all private schools to reserve 25% of seats to children from poor families. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The Act provides for a special organization, the National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights, an autonomous body set up in 2007, to monitor the implementation of the act.

Angela Merkel chosen for Jawaharlal Nehru Award German Chancellor Angela Merkel has been chosen for the prestigious Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding for her enormous efforts toward sustainable and equitable development. The jury, chaired by Vice-President Mohammad Hamid Ansari, has decided to confer the award for 2009 on Dr. Angela Merkel. Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding is an international award presented by the Government of India. It was founded in 1965 and is administered by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) to people for their outstanding contribution to the promotion of international understanding, goodwill and friendship among people of the world. The award carries prize money of Rs.1 crore besides a trophy and citation. CHENNAI: Director K. Balachander, one of the influential filmmakers and trendsetters in Indian cinema, will receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 2010, the Information and Broadcasting Ministry announced on Friday (29-04-2011). The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is Indias highest award in cinema given annually by the Government of India for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. First Awarded in 1969 to Devika Rani Chaudhuri Roerich. The award for a particular year is given during the end of the following year along with the National Film Awards. The award comprises a Swarna Kamal (golden lotus) medallion, a cash prize of Rs 1 million (10 lakhs) and a shawl. April 25 World Malaria Awareness Day. World Malaria Awareness Day was designated to be April 25 by the former American President George W. Bush in the year 2007. Malaria is an acute parasitic illness caused by Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. 1. The Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore has a scheme of development of Indian Languages through research, developing manpower and production of materials in modern Indian Languages including tribal languages. The Institute has worked in more than 90 tribal and border languages.

Dr Siddharth Mukherjee, a New Delhi-born oncologist, has been awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his book The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer in Non-Fiction Category for the year 2011.

When was the EVM introduced in India?

It was first used in 1982 in the bye-election to Parur Assembly Constituency of Kerala for a limited number of polling stations (50 polling stations).

Who manufacture EVMs in India?

The two central govt. undertakings i.e. Bharat Electronics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited are the only manufacturers from whom the EVMs are procured by the Election Commission of India. Whether ECI took the advice of technical expert before approving the EVM? Yes. Before inducting the EVMs, opinion of the Technical Committee comprising Prof. S. Sampath, Prof. P.V. Indiresan and Dr. C Rao Kasarbada was obtained. The Committee examined the machines minutely from all technical angles and unanimously recommended their use in elections.

What is the maximum number of votes which can be cast in the EVM?

An EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes which far exceeds the number of voters (usually less then 1400) assigned to a polling station.

In some elections large number of candidates contest. What is the maximum number of candidates which EVM can cater to?

Elections can be conducted through EVMs when the maximum number of candidates does not exceed 64. According to the 2011 Provisional census data (15th Census of India and 7th since Independence):

Population Enumeration was undertaken between 9th to 28th February 2011 (both days inclusive) Population 1,21,01,93,422 (Males 62,37,24,248 and Females -58,64,69,174)

Decadal Population Growth 2001-2011 17.64% Literacy Rate 74.04% (Males 82.14% and Females 65.46%) Indias effective literacy rate has recorded a 9.2% rise to reach 74.04% Arunachal Pradesh was censused for the 1st time in 1961 The 1991 Census was not held in Jammu & Kashmir Density of Population (per sq. km.) 382 Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 940 Census 2011 Logo was designed by Shri Padarabinda Rath, an employee of the Census organization The child sex ratio has dipped from 927 to 914 per 1000, the lowest since independence Indias Population is 121.02 Crore (1.21 Billion) (1210.2 Million) Males 62.37 Crore Females 58.65 Crore Mr. C. Chandramouli is Census Commissioner and Registrar General of India during 2011 Census Indias population growth in 2011 is 17.64 per cent in comparison to 21.15 per cent in 2001 Uttar Pradesh is Indias most populous state Indian population increased by 181 million PRESIDENTS OF INDIA

Dr Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) - 26 January 1950 13 May 1962 Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) - 13 May 1962 13 May 1967 Dr Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) - 13 May 1967 3 May 1969 Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1884-1980) - 3 May 1969 20 July 1969 (Acting)

Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah (1905-1992) - 20 July 1969 24 August 1969 (Acting) Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1884-1980) - 24 August 1969 24 August 1974 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977) - 24 August 1974 11 February 1977 B.D. Jatti (1913-2002) - 11 February 1977 25 July 1977 (Acting) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1913-1996) - 25 July 1977 25 July 1982 Giani Zail Singh (1916-1994) - 25 July 1982 25 July 1987 R. Venkataraman (1910-2009) -. 25 July 1987 25 July 1992 Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999) - 25 July 1992 25 July 1997 K.R. Narayanan (1920-1925) - 25 July 1997 25 July 2002 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b-1931) - 25 July 2002 25 July 2007 Smt. Pratibha Patil (b-1934) - 25 July 2007- till date

Sikkim Indias First Nirmal State Sikkim has become first Nirmal State of the country. Sikkim has become the first state in the country to achieve 100% sanitation. It has been declared a Nirmal State for being free of open defecation. Indian president Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil (the first woman to serve in the office) presented the state with a gold medal to mark its achievement at a ceremony on December 8, 2008. In 2002, the government launched the Nirmal Gram Puraskar awards for municipalities that achieve total sanitation. General Knowledge (GK) Facts

Israel has the worlds lowest installed ATM at Ein Bokek at the Dead Sea. A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely thus in many respects forming a single computer. In computing, FLOPS (or flops or flop/s) is an acronym meaning FLoating point OPerations per Second.

Goniometers are used for direction finding in signals intelligence applications for military and civil purposes On 23 March 1931, Bhagat Singh (28 September 1907 23 March 1931) was hanged in Lahore with his fellow comrades Rajguru and Sukhdev. FM broadcasting is a broadcast technology pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation (FM). Indian Coast Guard Formed on August 18, 1978 Maharashtras Rajana Sonawane become first UID card holder (29th September, 2010) who got the number 782474317884. Chandigarh was designed by Swiss-born French architect Le Corbusier in the 1950s. It is the only planned city in independent India.

BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (BSI) The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) was established on 13th February, 1890 with the basic objective to explore the plant resources of the country and to identify the plant species with economic virtues. The Headquarters of BSI is located at Kolkata and its 10 circle offices have been set up at various places of the country. Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Center Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre, Nagpur is a Centre of Excellence set up in 1989 and became fully functional since 1996. The Centre was conceived as the major R & D support system for the emerging modern aluminium industry in India. The Centre has well-established facilities for R&D activities in the field of bauxite, Alumina and aluminium. Its principal preoccupation is with all aspects of Bayer process for conversion from bauxite to alumina and electrolytic smelting from alumina to aluminium. NABARD

The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) came into existence on 12 July 1982. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad launched a weekly paper called Al-Hilal (The Crescent) in June 1912 where he challenged the loyalist movement of a group of Indian Muslims towards the British. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was president of the Indian National Congress in 1924 and then from 1940 to 1946. Strongly opposed to the Partition, he blamed the Congress leaders and Mohammed Ali Jinnah equally for it in his autobiography, Indian Wins Freedom. After Indias Independence, he was minister of education in Jawaharlal Nehrus cabinet from 1947 to 1958. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1992.

GK. 1. 1st Finance Commission of India 1952-57, Chairman K.C Neogy 2. Current (13th) Finance Commission 2010-15, Chairman Vijay Kelkar 3. The Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu Limited (ELCOT) was established on March 21, 1977 4. Arakkonam Naval Air Station is located near Arakkonam in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The runway is the 3rd longest in India 5. Sputnik 1 was the 1st artificial satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4th Oct 1957 6. Duronto Expresses: Non-stop point to point rail services introduced for the first time in the year 2009 7. The Finance Commission of India is established under Article 280 of the Constitution of India by the President, Formed on November 22, 1951 8. Railways were first introduced to India in 1853

9. FM broadcasting is a broadcast technology pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation (FM). INDIAs PARLIAMENT (Consists of Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha and President) The Chairman Mohammad Hamid Ansari, (Independent) Since 2007 Majority Leader Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, (INC) Since 2007 Opposition Leader Arun Jaitley, (BJP) since 2009 The 15th Lok Sabha was formed in May 2009 Speaker Meira Kumar (1st woman speaker), (INC) since 3 June 2009 Deputy Speaker Karia Munda, (BJP) since 8 June 2009 Majority Leader Pranab Mukherjee, (INC) since 1 June 2009 Opposition Leader Sushma Swaraj, (BJP) since 18 December 2009 The Parliament is composed of 802 MPs (Rajya Sabhas 250 + Lok Sabhas 552) Speaker of the Lok Sabha Meira Kumar since 30 May 2009 The 2 Houses meet in separate chambers in the Sansad Bhawan (commonly known as the Sansad Marg) in New Delhi Pratibha Devisingh Patil 12th and current President of the Republic of India and first woman to hold the office. She was sworn in as President of India on 25 July 2007 Pratibha Patil was born in Nadgaon village of Jalgoan District, Maharashtra Manmohan Singh 14th and current Prime Minister of the Republic of India Manmohan Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab (now in Chakwal District, Pakistan). Shiksha Sahayog Yojana

The scheme was launched on 31 December 2001, with the object to lessen the burden of parents in meeting the educational expenses of their children. It provides scholarships to students of parents living below or marginally above poverty line and who are covered under Janashree Bima Yojana and are studying in 9th to 12th standard (including ITI courses). Principle of Sunglasses Polarized sunglasses are used to cut glare from sunlight reflected at a glancing angle off cars, water, and other surfaces. According to Brewsters law, reflected light will always be polarized in a horizontal direction, parallel to the reflecting surface. Polarized sunglasses are constructed to block this reflected light and to transmit light polarized only in the vertical direction. Five Rajput Class Destroyers built for Indian Navy are: 1. INS Rajput: (D51) commissioned on 30 September 1980 2) INS Rana: (D52) commissioned on 28 June 1982 3) INS Ranjit: (D53) commissioned on 28 November 1983 4)INS Ranvir: (D54) commissioned on 28 October 1986 5) INS Ranvijay: (D55) commissioned on 15 January 1988 Gk part Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) formed on October 1, 1971 SDSC formerly known as Sriharikota High Altitude Range (SHAR) Pulicat Lake (Pazhaverkaadu Eri) is in the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states on the Coromandal Coast in South India Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) was established as The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association in 1875 National Stock Exchange (NSE) established in 1992 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) located in The Hague, Netherlands established on 1945

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport is located at Ahmedabad Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is Indias external intelligence agency, formed on 21 Sept 1968 Air Force One is the official air traffic control call sign of any US Air Force aircraft carrying the President of the United States The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Who is the author of the book Sahibs Who Loved India? A:Khushwant Singh Q: Lisbon Treaty is the treaty accepted / adopted by the members of? A: European Union Q: Beri-Beri is the deficiency disease of the vitamin? A: B1 Q: Who is called the Grand Old Man of India? A: Dadabhai Naoroji Q: Which five year plan has the objective Garibi Hatao? A: 5th Q: Which river is declared as National River? A: Ganga. The Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) located in Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh, India). The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) came into existence on 27 October 1986 for development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation. The head office of the Authority is located at Noida. National Waterways The Ganga between Allahabad Haldia (1620 km) the Sadiya Dhubri stretch of river Brahmaputra (891 km) and the Kollam-Kottapuram stretch of West Coast Canal along with Champakara and Udyogmandal Canals (205 km) in Kerala have so far been declared as National Waterways and are being developed for navigation by IWAI. Bills for declaration of 3 more waterways viz. Talcher-Darmra stretch of canals; Kakainada-Puducherry stretch of canals etc. and the Barak River as National Waterways have already been introduced in the Parliament.

1. Government of India established the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) on 12th July, 2006. Taj Mahal Built by Shah Jahan, also called Prince Khurram, Mughal emperor of India (1628-1658) in the memory of his queen Mumtaz. Taj Mahal is located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River, on the outskirts of Agra, Uttar Pradesh, one of the 7 wonders of the world. The building was commenced around 1632. The entire Taj Mahal complex took 22 years to complete, at a cost of 40 million rupees.

FIFA World Cup 2014 - Brazil FIFA World Cup 2018 - Russia FIFA World Cup 2022 Qatar (Gulf state)

FIFA president Sepp Blatter ZURICH: Russia and the tiny Gulf state of Qatar were awarded the 2018 and 2022 World Cups (both first-time hosts) on Thursday (02-122010). Russia was granted the 2018 finals, beating the challenge of three other European bidders, England and the joint bids of Netherlands/Belgium and Spain/Portugal. It was the first time FIFA had carried out a vote for two World Cup finals at the same time. World AIDS Day Observance (December 01) Started on 1st December 1988. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Important Research Centre / Institutions

Indian Council of Agricultural Research Pusa (New Delhi) Dairy Research Institute Karnal (Haryana) Botanical Survey of India Kolkatta (West Bengal) Jute Research Institute Bairakput (West Bengal) Goat Research Institute Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) Sugarcane Research Institute Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh)

Bee Research Institute Pune (Maharashtra) National Chemical Laboratory Pune (Maharashtra) Cotton Research Institute Mumbai (Maharashtra) Silk Research Institute Mysore (Karnataka) Coffee Research Institute Chickmangalore (Karnataka) Leather Research Institute Chennai (Tamilnadu) Potato Research Institute Simla (Himachal Pradesh) Tea Research Institute Jorhat (Assam) Rubber Research Institute Kottayam (Kerala) Tobacco Research Institute Rajamundri (Andhra Pradesh) Rice Research Institute Cuttack (Orissa) Poultry Training Institute Bangalore (Karnataka) National Research Institute of Spices Calicut (Kerala) Indian Dairy Corporation Anand (Gujarat) National Institute of Malaria Research Dwarka (Delhi) National Physics Laboratory New Delhi Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore (Karnataka) Zoological Survey of India Kolkatta (West Bengal) National Atlas Organisation Kolkatta (West Bengal) Birbal Sahini Institute of Palaeobotany Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) Raman Research Institute Bangalore (Karnataka) Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkatta (West Bengal) Indian Statistical Institute -- Kolkatta (West Bengal) National Institute of Oceanography Goa Indian Council of Medical Research Delhi Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) Science Zoology

Glycolysis is the conversion of? Glucose to pyruvic acid Protoplasm is the physical basis of life was said by? Huxley ATP is? A molecule which contains high energy phosphate bond In annual plant, exchange of gases takes place mainly through? Stomata The end product of anaerobic respiration in human is? Lactic acid + CO2

Endocrine glands? Are ductless glands, Discharge their secretions in blood, Secrete hormones Heparin is a/an? Anti-coagulant

The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched on 25 September, 2001 by merging the on-going schemes of EAS and the JGSY with the objective of providing additional wage employment and food security. The National Water Development Agency (NWDA) was set up as a Society in 1982.