ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PROJECT WORK

FORM 5 2011

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I/C No. : <ENTER YOUR NRIC NUM> Form Panel : <ENTER YOUR CLASS NAME> : <ENTER YOUR PANEL NAME>

Curriculum Development Centre Ministry Of Education

CONTENT
No. 1.0 2.0 3.0 Content INTRODUCTION PART I PART II U Question 1 U Question 2 (a) U Question 2 (b) U Question 2 (c) U Question 3 (a) U Question 3 (b) U Question 3 (c) PART III FURTHER EXPLORATION REFLECTION REFERENCE Page

4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Mathematics is important in almost all field in world. The mathematics of cooking often goes unnoticed, but in reality, there is a large quantity of math skills involved in cooking especially in baking and decoration of cake.Math has a lot to do with baking. Baking is focused around different types of math. Baking can teach math and they will not even realize it

Baking a cake required two main techniques, which is cooking technique and of course measuring technique. Measuring technique for example measuring the amount sugar, flour, amount of water, shape of cake, temperature needed for the cake to bake, setting the oven timer, provide basic math practice for young children.

Besides, for decorative purposes, most cake will be covered with cream. Decorating with cream needs mathematics. Well cake bakers if they're making a symmetrical cake need to get all the angles of the cream decorations right so they dont want one side to have a 30 degree angle and the other to have as0 degree angle of cream. That would make cakes to become less attractive.

The math involved in baking is a much simple mathematical system. A person only needs a basic knowledge of math in order to succeed. This is because even though there are many math calculations, it is all simple measurements and most can be done with a calculator if needed. Always double-check ones math in order to not ruin the dish that is being prepared.

2.0 PART I
There are several uses of Mathematics in cake baking and decorating such as measurement of ingredients, calculation of price and estimated cost, estimation of dimensions, cake decorating, calculation of baking time, and modification of recipe according to scale Amount of ingredients used should be accurate to produce a perfect cake. Measuring the amount of ingredientssuch as, baking soda, flour, sugar, should be in proper way to maintain the taste of the cake Before a cake is being produce, a rough calculation is needed to be calculate such as the cost needed to buy ingredients, cost to buy other materialssuch asaluminium foil, and of course the amount of electricity needed to bake a cake. Before baking cake, size of cake should be estimated. These included the volume, height, diameter and shape of cake. Cakes may come different heights and shape such as triangle, round, trapezium and, rectangle to meet the requirement of customers. Cake decorating is one of the frosting and other edible decorative elements to make otherwise plain visually interesting. Alternatively, cakes can be mould into threedimensional persons, places and things. In many areas of the world, decorated cakes are often a focal point of a special celebration such as a bridal shower, wedding, or anniversary. Time needed to bake a cake is needed to estimate before baking. This is because, size of cake affect the baking time. Therefore estimated time should be calculated to make sure cake is not over baked Modification of recipe according to scale require mathematics skills. Most recipes give guidelines as to how much a single batch will produce. But what if you want more? It seems too time consuming to mix up another batch. What if the recipe makes only small rectangular size cakes and you need to double the size? Clearly, double istwo times more than original size, so we can multiply all the ingredients by two to make a larger batch

3.0 PART II
3.1 Question 1 1 kg = 3800 cm3 h = 7 cm 5 kg = 3800 x 5 = 19000 cm3

V ! Tr 2 h
19000 = 3.142 x r2 x 7 1900 r2 ! 3.142 ' 7 r2 = 863.872 cm r = 29.392 cm d = 2r d = 58.783 cm 3.2 Question 2 The cake is in round shape. Therefore the maximum value of d = 60.0 cm h = 45.0 cm a) Different height from 1.0 cm to 45.0 cm is used to calculate the diameter. All the values is tabulated below h/cm 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 d/cm 155.5262519 109.9736674 89.79312339 77.76312594 69.5534543 63.49332645 58.78339783 54.98683368 51.84208396 49.18171919 46.89292932 44.89656169

13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0 32.0 33.0 34.0 35.0 36.0 37.0 38.0 39.0 40.0 41.0 42.0 43.0 44.0 45.0

43.13522122 41.56613923 40.15670556 38.88156257 37.72065671 36.65788912 35.68016921 34.77672715 33.93861056 33.15830831 32.42946528 31.74666323 31.10525037 30.50120743 29.93104113 29.39169891 28.88049994 28.39507881 27.93333944 27.49341684 27.07364537 26.67253215 26.2887347 25.92104195 25.56835831 25.2296896 24.90413158 24.59085959 24.25911983 23.99822167 23.71753106 23.44646466 23.18448477

b) (i) The range of height that is not suitable : h < 7 and h > 45 As i stated in (a), the maximum value of diameter should be 60 cm and maximum value of height is 45 cm. Any heights lower than 7 cm will result in the diameter of the cake being too big to fit into the baking oven while any heights higher than 45 cm will cause the cake being too tall to fit into the baking oven.

(ii) The dimensions that i think most suitable for the cake is 29 cm in height and diameter of 28.88049994 cm which is approximately 29 cm. This dimension is most suitable because it is more symmetrical, balanced and easier to be decorated.

c) (i)

V ! Tr 2 h V ! 19000cm 3 d ! 2r d r! 2

19000cm 3 ! 3.142 '

d h 2
2

d 19000cm 3 ! 3.142 ' h 2 d2 3 h 19000 c ! 3.142 ' 4

19000 c 3 ' 4 d ! 3.142 ' h
2

76000cm 3 d ! 3.142 ' h

2

Value of h, 1/h and d2 is calculated and tabulated below based on the above equation. h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 h 1.0000

d2 24188.415 12094.208 8062.805 6047.104 4837.683 4031.403 3455.488 3023.552 2687.602 2418.842 2198.947 2015.701 1860.647 1727.744 1612.561 1511.776 1422.848 1343.801

h 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

1 h 0.0526

d2 1273.074 1209.421 1151.829 1099.473 1051.670 1007.851 967.537 930.324 895.867 863.872 834.083 806.281 780.271 755.888 732.982 711.424 691.098 671.900

h 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

1 h 0.0270

d2 653.741 636.537 620.216 604.710 539.961 575.915 562.521 549.737 537.520 525.835 514.647 503.925 493.641 483.768 474.283 465.162 456.385 447.934

0.5000 0.3333 0.2500 0.2000 0.1667 0.1429 0.1250 0.1111 0.1000 0.0909 0.0833 0.0769 0.0714 0.0667 0.0625 0.0588 0.0556

0.0500 0.0476 0.0455 0.0435 0.0417 0.0400 0.0385 0.0370 0.0357 0.0345 0.0333 0.0323 0.0313 0.0303 0.0294 0.0286 0.0278

0.0263 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0238 0.0233 0.0227 0.0222 0.0217 0.0213 0.0208 0.0204 0.0200 0.0196 0.0192 0.0189 0.0185

d2
24800 24000 23200 22400 21600 20800 20000 19200 18400 17600 16800 16000 15200 14400 13600 12800 12000 11200 10400 9600 8800 8000 7200 6400 5600 4800 4000 3200 2400 1600 800 0 0 0.030.060.090.120.150.180.210.240.27 0.3 0.330.360.390.420.450.480.510.540.57 0.6 0.630.660.690.720.750.780.810.840.87 0.9 0.930.960.99

1 h

(ii)

a) Based on the graph, 1 = 0.095 When h = 10.5 cm, h From the graph (red line), when
1 = 0.095 , d2 = 2300 h

When d2 = 2300, d = 2300 , d = 47.95cm Therefore the value of d is approximately 48 cm b) Based on the graph, When d = 42 cm , d2 = 1764 From the graph (blue line), when d2 = 1764, h=
1 = 0.075 h

1 = 13.333cm 0.0075 Therefore the value of h is approximately 13.3cm

3.3 Question 3 a) From the dimensions that i have suggested in 2(b)(ii), the height of the cake is 29 cm, 28.8804999 4 the diameter is 28.88049994 cm and the radius is = 14.44 cm 2 The volume of cake without cream : h = 29.0 cm , r = 14.44 cm 14.44 cm

29.0 cm

Therefore volume of cake without cream is 19000 cm3

The volume of cake with cream :

15.44 cm

1 cm 30 cm 1 cm

The volume of cake with cream, V = 3.142 x (15.44)2 x (30) = 22471 cm3 Therefore the amount cream used is : Vcream= 22471 cm3 19000 cm3 = 3471 cm3

b) (i) Triangle Shaped Cake Cake without cream : 36.2 cm 36.2 cm

29 cm

Volume of cake without cream : V = 19000 cm3

Cake with cream :

(2.5 cm is obtained by scale drawing)Front view of cake with cream Plan view of cake with cream Volume of cake with cream : 1 V = x 39.7 cm x 39.7 cm x 30 cm 2 = 23641.4 cm3 Therefore the amount of cream needed for triangular shape cake is Vcream= 23641.4 cm3 19000 cm3 = 4641.4 cm3

(ii) Trapezium Shaped Cake Cake without cream :

Volume of cake without cream V = 19000 cm3 Cake with cream :

(Value 2 cm for each side is obtained by scale drawing) Plan view of cake Volume of cake with cream : 1 V= x (33.6 cm + 16.8 cm) x 31.9 cm x 29 cm 2 = 23312.5 cm3 Therefore the amount of cream needed for triangular shape cake is Vcream= 23312.5 cm3 19000 cm3 = 4312 cm3

(ii) Rectangle Shaped Cake Cake without cream :

Volume of cake without cream : V = 19000 cm3 Cake with cream :

Plan View Front View Volume of cake with cream : V = 27.6 cm x 27.6 cm x 30 cm = 22852.8 cm3 Therefore the amount of cream needed for triangular shape cake is Vcream= 22852.8 cm3 19000 cm3 = 3852.8 cm3

*(All the values are only estimated based on the assumption that the layer of cream is uniformly thick at 1 cm ) c) Based on the values of cream that i obtained from four shapes of cakes, round cakerequires the least amount of fresh cream to be used which is 3471 cm3

4.0 PART III

Method 1 Differentiation Volume of Cake without cream V = r2h 19000 = 3.142r2h ------------------Volume of Cream = Surface area of cylinder V = r2 + 2 rh V = 3.142r2 + ( 2 x 3.142 x rh) V = 3.142r2 + 6.284rh ------------------From equation h = 19000 ------------------3.142r2 Substitute Equation into

V = 3.142r2+ 6.284r19000 ------------------3.142r2

V = 3.142r2 + 38000 r V = 3.142r2 + 38000r-1 Differentiate V respect to r dV = 2(3.142)r38000------------------- Minimum value turning point, dV = 0 dr r2 dr 0 = 2(3.142)r 38000 r2 38000 = 6.284r r2 38000 = 6.284r3 38000 r!3 6.284 r = 18.22 cm Therefore, substitute the value or r = 18.22 into Equation  = __19000__ 3.142(18.22)2 = 18.22cm The dimension are r = 18.22cm , h= 18.22cm

Method 2 Quadratic Function Let f(r) = Volume of cream r = radius of round cake Use same equation as above method Volume of Cake without cream f(r) = r2h 19000 = 3.142r2h ------------------Volume of Cream = Surface area of cylinder f(r) = r2 + 2 rh f(r) = 3.142r2 + ( 2 x 3.142 x rh)------------------Factorize Equation  f(r) = 3.142(r2 + 2rh) Do completing the square for the above equation f(r) = 3.142r + 2h2 2h2 2 2 f(r) = 3.142(r + h)2 3.142h2 Since the value of a = 3.142, thus The minimum value = -3.142h2 When r = -h Therefore substitute r into Equation  19000 = 3.142(-h)2h 19000 = 3.142h3 19000 h!3  3.142 h = 18.22 cm So, to find the value of r, substitute the value of h = 18.22 into Equation  19000 = 3.142r2(18.22) 19000 r! 3.142 ' 18.22 r = 18.22cm
The dimension are r = 18.22cm , h= 18.22cm

I will not choose to bake a cake of such dimensionsbecause the height is 18.22cm which is quite tall. This makes the cake less attractive. Furthermore, the diameter of the cake is 2 x 18.22 = 36.44 cm which is quite small to withstand such a tall cake and makes the cake to become unstable. Since the cake is too tall, it is too hard to handlethe cake.

5.0 FURTHER EXPLORATION

a) From the question, it is stated that : The height, h of each cake is 6cm The radius of largest cake is 31cm The radius of 2nd cake is 10% smaller than 1st cake The radius of 3rd cake is 10% smaller than 2nd cake Therefore, The radius of 2nd cake is 90% X 31 cm = 27.9cm The radius of 3rd cake is 90% X 27.90 cm = 25.11 The radius of 4th cake is 90% X 25.11 cm = 22.60 The progression will be 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.60 a = 31, r = V = 3.142rh Volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)(6) = 18116.772 Volume of 2nd cake =(3.142)(27.9)(6) = 14674.585 Volume of 3rd cake =(3.142)(25.11)(6) = 11886.414 Volume of 4th cake =(3.142)(22.60)(6) = 9627.995 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, a = 18116.772, r = 0.81 The volume of cake shows a geometric progression

b) From Part I, the question stated that a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800cm3 This means that 15kg of cake will have : 15 kg X 3800cm3 = 57000cm3 a 1 rn , where Sn = 57000 ; a = 18116.772 ; r = 0.81 1 r 18116.772 1  0.81n 57000 ! 1  0.81 10830 ! 1  0.81n 18116.772 0.81n ! 1  0.59779 0.81 n ! 0.40221 nlog10 0.81 = log10 0.40221 n = log10 0.40221 log10 0.81 n = 4.322 n} 4 Therefore S n !

So, the maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake is approximately 4 cakes

6.0 REFLECTION
Additional Mathematics project work taught me billions of creative work. Before conducting this project, I found that cakes are delicious in taste, but after completing this project work, I found that baking cakes involves lots of calculation, baking cakes involves mathematics, baking cakes involve creativeness, and baking cakes need hardworking. Round cakes looks normal, but how about a Mickey Mouse cake, or superman cake or maybe mathematical symbol cake. Looks creative but involve mathematics. Everything is mathematics. Thank to my entire additional mathematics teacher because I can apply all the formulas and technique that they taught me in class. Most important thing here is, this project taught me how to design a cake with different shape and Ive try 3 types, Triangle, rectangle and trapezium. I almost spend more than 2days to design those 3 cakes and its works out, making me good in drawing.

In future, maybe I will design a cake something like this using the knowledge that I got from this project work.