Report on sessional training at

STPS
Suratgarh

Submitted by: Narendra Singh Deora B.Tech IV Yr. (Elect.)

Submitted to:-

INTRODUCTION SURATGARH SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION STPS is situated near village thukrana about 27km South East of Suratgarh town is Shri Ganganagar Distt. Suratgarh was considered an ideal location for setting up a thermal power station in the state having regards to the availability of land, water, transmission network proximity to broad gauge railway and being an important load centre for North West Rajasthan. The techno-economic clearance for the prefect was issued by CEA in June 1991 the

planning commission accorded investment sanction for the project in Nov. 91 for a total estimated cost of Rs. 1253.31 crores on prices prevailing in Sept. 1990. the updated cost of the project is estimate at Rs. 2300 crores of including IDC

PREFACE

Practical training in must for each and every student and especially for technical students for their success in completion of technical education. Study remains incomplete without having practical knowledge of what we have gone thought the theory. It is rather important of every student to be practical along with his the practical knowledge. Today time need more perspective and systematic alignment of a student along with his knowledge. Without having any lagging effect a student should have admirable knowledge of his practical field. Enclosures regarding his field should be made with every receipt and view point. In the conclusion it is opinion that practical training is more important for each and every technical student along with theoretical knowledge. I am very thankful to Mr. Raman Jain, Additional Assistant Engineer (Elect) for taking personal interest and helped me in making this training successful. I am also thankful to Mr. S.R.Acharya, Superintending Engineer (Elect) for arranging this Practical Training a success.

SELECTION OF SITE FOR STEAM POWER PLANTS 1. SUPPLY OF WATER A large quantity of water is required in steam power plants. It is required: (I) (II) (III) (IV) It raises the steam in the boiler. For cooling purposes such as in condensers. As a carrying medium such as in disposal of ash. For drinking purposes.

The efficiency of direct cooled plant is about 0.5% higher than that of the plant in which cooling towers are used. This means a saving of about Rs. 7.5 lakhs per year in fuel cost for a 2000 MW station

2. REQUIREMENT OF LAND The land is required not only for setting up of the plant but also for other purposes such as staff colonies, coal storage, ash disposal etc. cost of land adds to the final cost of the plant. So it should be available at a reasonable cost. Land should be of good bearing capacity since it has to withstand about 7 Kg. per Sq. Cm. Moreover, land should be reasonably level. It should not be low lying.

3. TRANSPORTATION FACILITY The land and rail connections should be proper and capable of taking heavy and over dimensioned loads of machines etc. To carry coal, oil etc. which are daily requirements, we need these transport linkages.

4. LABOUR SUPPLIES Skilled and unskilled laborers should be available rates near the site the plant.

5. ASH DISPOSAL Ash is the main waste product of the steam power plant. Hence some suitable means for disposal of ash should be applied. Ash can be purchased by building contractors, cement manufacturers or it can be used for brick making near the plant site. Otherwise wasteland should be available near the plant site for disposal of ash.

6. DISTANCE FROM THE POPULATED AREA Since most of the modern generating stations employ pulverized fuel residues and fumes from them are quite harmful. Therefore the site for the plant should be away from the populated area.

STATION TRANSFORMER When the unit is to be started, power supplied to the auxiliaries is taken from the station transformer. The rating of the station transformer is 50 MVA. It takes power from the grid at 220 kV and steps it down to 6.6 kV. At the time of starting all the auxiliaries are supplied from the station transformer. When the generator is synchronized and starts producing power, about 80% of the load is shifted on to the unit auxiliary transformer. The load that requires uninterrupted supply is left connected on the station transformer. There are 5 S.T s in the plant. One for each stage.

Type of cooling MVA rating H.V. L.V. Current (line) H.V. L.V. Voltage (line) H.V. 220 kV Vector group Oil 24400 Kg L.V. 6.9 kV YNyno

ONAN

ONAF

40 26

50 31.05

105 3351

131 4189

UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER: Each unit has two unit auxiliary transformers. When the unit starts generating electricity these transformers are energized and then supplies power to the auxiliaries. Before starting of the unit, UAT bus is connected to the station bus. Auxiliaries of one unit take about 20MW of power. UAT is connected between the generator and the GT. A tapping is taken from the power coming from the generator to the GT. UAT relieves GT from extra load of about 20 MW which is to be supplied to the auxiliaries via GT and ST thus increasing the efficiency. It is a step down transformer, which steps down the voltage from 16.5 kV to 6.9kV. The rating of UAT is 20 MVA. UAT bus supplies only those auxiliaries, which are not necessary to be energized in case of sudden tripping of generator.

UNIT STATION TRANSFORMER: It is a step down transformer, which is connected to the station bus. It steps down the voltage from 6.6 kV to 0.433 kV it is used to supply the low voltage auxiliaries.

UNIT SERVICE TRANSFORMER: It is also a 66 kV/ 415 V transformer which is used to supply the auxiliaries connected to the unit secondary switchgear bus.

220 KV & 400 KV SWITCHYARD AND DIFFERENT EQUIPMENTS INSTALLED AND BUS SCHEMES. BUS SCHEME Main Function Of The Stations Is To Receive The Energy And Transmit It At The Required Voltage Level With The Facility Of Switching. At STPS Following Are The Bays: Bus Coupler  Sog -1  Sog -2  Generator Transformer -1  Ratangarh -1  Station Transformer -1  Bus Sectionalizer  Ratangarh  Bus Tie  Generator Transformer-2  Interlinking-1  Station Transformer-2  Interlinking -2  Station Transformer-3  Station Transformer-4  Station Transformer-5 2 1

Bus System There Are Mainly Three Buses  Main Bus-1  Main Bus-2  Transfer Bus Material of bus bar- Tarantull Al conductor with a capacity of 2400 amperes. Bus coupler-1 can be used as GT breaker for unit 1, 2 and 3. Only one bus coupler can be used as a GT breaker at a time. SF6 GAS CIRCUIT BREAKERS: In this type of breaker quenching of arc is done by SF6 gas. The opening and closing of the circuit breaker is done by air.

TYPE DESIGNATION:E L F SL 4 1 : : : : : : S F 6 Gas Insulation Generation Out Door Design Breaker Construction Code BIL Rated Voltage 4 No. of chamber 245 / 460 / 1050 kV

The high voltage circuit breaker type ELF SL 4-1 comprises 3 breaker poles, a common control cubicle and a pneumatic unit (compressed air plant) A breaker pole consists of:-

- SUPPORT (FRAME) - POLE COLUMN - PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR (PKA) -

90200

40000 41309 N

The actuator is operated with compressed air. A pneumatic unit (97200), an air receiver and a unit compressor is installed to supply the compressed air. The compressed air stored in the air receiver is distributor to the three actuator via pipe line. The common control cubicle (96000), which is installed separately, contains all control devices and most of the monitoring instrumentation with the exception of the density monitors 98005 mounted on the middle breaker pole. The pressure switches are installed in the control cubicle. All three poles columns are filled with insulating gas and interconnected by means of pipe lines. The gas is monitored by a density monitor 98005 (temp. compensated pressure monitor) If all the poles of the circuit breaker do not close simultaneously then the pole discrepancy relay will operate and trip the breaker. Also at the time of tripping, if all the breakers do not trip simultaneously, then again the tripping command through the pole discrepancy relay will initiate to trip the breaker and annunciation will appear in the substation control room and the UCB. ISOLATORS: Isolators are used to make or break the circuit on no load. They should never be operated on load. The isolators installed in the substation have a capacity of 1250

amperes. They are double end break type; motor operated and can be operated from local as well as remote.

CURRENT AND CAPACTIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS: These are used for metering and protection. It should always be kept in mind that a CT should never be open circuited and a PT should never be short-circuited.

LIGHTINING ARRESTOR AND ARC HORNS: Protection against lighting.

CHANGE OVER SCHEMES (BUS TIE SYSTEM): When main breaker is in service (on load change over):  Ensure Transfer bus is free (check any temporary earthing)  Charge the transfer by closing bus coupler isolator and circuit breaker.  Put the switches provided on bus coupler on generator control cum desk panel.  Charge the transfer bus by closing isolator d of GT.  Check the isolator of GT through which it has been already connected to the bus.  Close the isolator e, f, & g of tie Bus.  By using synchronizing trolley close the circuit breaker b1

BUS COUPLER TO MAIN BREAKER  Close the isolator 1 & 3 of GT.  Close the breaker a 1 of GT  Close the isolator 5,7 & breaker b 1  After this work close the isolator 9, 10  By using synchronizing Trolley, close the bus coupler breaker c1

SYNCHRONIZATION OF THE GENERATOR TO THE GRID (Generator breaker is used) With The Main Bus: 1. Close the isolator with the bus selection 2. Close the isolator on both sides of the generator breaker. 3. On Generator control desk panel(GCDP) a. Put the switch NIT in normal position. b. Put the synchroscope ON. c. Measure the voltage and speed matching. Conditions will be included by checking the synchronizing lamp on GCDP and close the generator breaker.

IMPORTANCE OF THE TRANSFER BUS Transfer bus is normally free and is used to facilitate repairing job of other breakers by transferring load on transfer bus

MAINTENANCE JOBS TO BE DONE ON 220 KV & 400 KV SWITCH YARD Daily Job Visual checking for any hot spot Checking of air leakage from the breaker Checking for any gas leakage from the breaker Checking of air pressure of breaker Checking of gas pressure of breaker Checking of oil leakage form CT and CVT Checking of oil level from CT and CVT Checking of lubricating oil level in compressors Checking healthiness of trip circuit for all breakers. Monthly Job Thermo vision scanning of conductor joints and attending to the hot spot on available opportunity Breaker operation checking from local and remote Isolators operation from remote and local. Measurement of specific gravity and voltage of 220 V D. C> Battery cells.

Quarterly Job Breakers 1. Tightening of breaker clamps 2. Cleaning of breaker cubicles 3. Checking of oil level of compressors of SF6 breakers. 4. Lubrication of rollers, mechanism shafts, anti pumping pin and c clips. 5. Checking operation of breakers through trip coil 1, trip coil 2, both the coils, anti pumping operation and pole discrepancy operation 6. Checking of pressure of gas and air pressure of breakers. Isolators 1. Tightening of the jumper clamps 2. Tightening of electrical connections 3. Cleaning of male female connections 4. Checking of fuses and replacement there F. 5. Checking of operation of isolators Current transformers 1. Checking of oil level. 2. Checking of oil and leakage 3. Tightening of jumper clamps 4. Tightening of electrical terminal secondary connection Lightning Arrestors 1. Tightening of jumper connections

2. Tightening of earthing connections 3. Checking of counter reading 4. Checking of porcelain part 5. Checking of grading current Capacitive Voltage Transformer 1. Checking of oil level and leakage 2. Tightening of HT jumper clamps. 3. Tightening of secondary terminal connections Battery 220 V D.C. 1. Cleaning of battery terminals 2. Tightening of battery terminal connections 3. Recording of specific gravity and voltage of each cell. DURING ANNUAL SHUT DOWN OF UNITS Breakers 1. Checking and cleaning of porcelain part of the breaker. 2. Tightening of breaker clamps. 3. Cleaning of breaker cubical 4. Tightening of all the terminal connection 5. Lubrication of I) C and D Roller (II) Locking pins (III) Anti Pumping pins (IV) Mechanism Shafts 6. Recording of closing and tripping of each phase 7. Recording of insulation resistance value of breaker

8. Checking of annunciator and inter locks. a. Air pressure low b. Air pressure very low trip circuit cut off c. Gas pressure low d. Gas pressure trip circuit off and other ann. of breaker 1. Checking of tripping through a. Trip Coil I b. Trip Coil II c. Through both the trip coils d. Anti Pumping operation e. Pole Discrepancy operation 2. Measurement of resistance of trip cells and closing coils 3. Checking of air leakage and its stoppage 4. Checking the gas leakage 5. Replacing the oil of compressors 6. Checking of auto operation of compressors 7. Complete maintenance of compressors 8. Checking of closing/tripping of breaker from local remote Isolators 1. 2. 3. Cleaning of male female connections Tightening of all the jumper clamps Lubrication of control rotary post insulator with grease

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Checking of proper operation of the isolator Tightening of all the nuts and bolts Cleaning the motor cubical Tightening of all the terminal connections Greasing the gear box of motor Checking of all the fuses

10. Checking of operation of isolator from local/remote Current Transformers 1. Checking / cleaning of porcelain part of CT 2. Checking of oil and level and stopping it if low 3. Checking of oil leakage and its stoppage 4. Checking of N2 pressure and maintaining it at 0.2 kg/cm2 5. Tightening of earthing connection 6. Checking of BDV value of CT oil 7. Tightening of all the secondary terminal connections 8. Cleaning of marshalling box and tightening of terminal connections 9. Recording of IR values of primary and secondary side of CT 10. Tightening of bushing clamps. Capacitive Voltage Transformers 1. Checking of oil level and topping thereof 2. Checking of N2 pressure and maintaining it at 0.2 kg/cm2 3. Tightening of jumper clamps.

4. Tightening of secondary connection 5. Recording of IR values of primary and secondary side 6. BD value of oil Lightning Arrestors 1. Cleaning of porcelain part and checking 2. Tightening of earthing connection 3. Tightening of jumper connection 4. Recording of IR values 5. Checking of counter readings 6. Checking of grading current

CIRUIT BREAKERS FOR

220 KV

400KV 1425 kvp

Rated lightning impulse with stand 1050 kvp voltage Rated short circuit breaking current Rated operating pressure of air First pole to clear factor Rated voltage Rated current Rated closing circuit voltage 17 ka 15 kg / cm 2 1.5 245 kV 200A 220 V DC

17 ka 15.5 kg / cm2 1.3 420kv 200A 220 V DC

Rated opening circuit voltage Rated voltage, frequency Rated line charging breaking current

220 V DC 415 V AC 50 Hz 125 A

220 V DC 415 V AC 50 Hz 600 A

EARTH SHIELDING It is a mesh of wire upon the tower. Its main purpose is to protect the substation equipment from direct lightning strokes. Metallic body of each equipment is properly earthed. The earthing resistance of any switch yard is about 0.2 ohm. Before the building up of the substation earthing material of G. I. wire is buried in the ground whose depth depends upon the moisture content of ground. Earthing electrodes are provided at various points. This increases the number of parallel provided at various points. This increases the number of parallel paths and hence resistance of earth decreases. POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION This is a technique in which power lines are used as communication lines by which we can make contact with other substation The range of frequency used for communication is 300 KHz to 500 kHz.

WAVE TRAP

SENDING END COUPLING CAPCITOR 6V OUTPUT 600 OHMS LMU

RECEIVING END

PLCC

EARTHED

WORKING The voice frequency if converted into electrical signal. These signals are super imposed on a carrier frequency and transmitted on the line through a coupling capacitor. At the receiving end wave trap does not allow the modulated signal to enter the power circuit where as the coupling capacitor provides a low resistance path to this signal. This signal is then given to the line matching unit. In the LMU this frequency is matched and after wards filtration of signal is done. The signal is demodulated and again converted into the voice signal, which is available at phone receiver.