Material Allowables

Class Objectives

Classes of Allowables Property Distribution Material Specifications q Test Requirements

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-2

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-3

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

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Investigation of Methods and Allowables

FullFull scale tests

$
Analysis verification

Component tests

$
$
$
$
$
$
Material property evaluation Design-value development

Sub-component Sub component tests Structural elements tests

Allowable development Material specification development Material screening and selection

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-5

Allowables Ensure the Structural Integrity of the Final Product

Allowables Design Requirements Static Allowables Properties and Bases Allowables Development and Publication Presentation of Design Manuals and Examples of Use

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-6

Allowables Are Required by FAA to Certify All Aircraft Structures

FAA requirement

FAR 25-613 25 613

Material t M t i l strength th and design values

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-7

Within Boeing, Allowable Development Is the Responsibility of the Stress Methods and Allowables (SMA) Group

Structural Damage Technology (SDT) Central Engineering

Boeing Materials Technology (BMT)

SMA Methods Allowables

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures
14-8

Allowables Ensure the Structural Integrity of the Final Product

Allowables Design Requirements Static Allowables Properties and Bases Allowables Development and Publication Presentation of Design Manuals and Examples of Use

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-9

Allowables and Design Value

Definitions Allowables: Mechanical properties having a level of statistical assurance general case D i value: Design l A mechanical property value based on the allowable adapted to the criteria and analysis method used p y specific case

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-10

Strength Is an Allowables Domain

Strength properties ( d St th ti (reduced) d) Ftu, Fty, Fsu Mechanical Properties

Elastic properties (typical) E, G, E G u

Physical properties (typical) w, k

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-11

Classes of Allowables

A B i Basis

99% probability with 95% confidence b bilit ith fid

B B i Basis

90% probability with 95% confidence

Point Design

Associated with a unique structure and q valid only for that particular configuration S Basis Specification acceptance value with no statistical significance this is not an allowable!

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-12

The Allowable Need is Dependent Upon the End User

Material controlled by Vendor Preliminary specifications: XBMS, XBAC Firm specifications: BMS, BAC, AMS*, MIL*, QQ* Allowables Estimated design values Preliminary allowables Firm allowables Design/analysis Trade studies initial design Preliminary design Firm design g drawing release - hardware fabrication
14-13

*No longer Government monitored

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

Material Property Population Distribution

Frequency

Typical

Property

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-14

Probability Distribution
A formula that gives the probability that a value fall within prescribed limits p
Weibull distribution Normal distribution Lognormal distribution

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-15

Unknown Distribution
Nonparametric analysis A basis allowable: lowest of 299 test points A B basis allowable: lowest of 29 test points

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-16

Allowable Need Is Dependent Upon the End Use

Material controlled by
Vendor

Allowables
Estimated design values

Design/analysis
Trade studies initial design

Preliminary specifications: XBMS, XBAC Firm specifications: AMS*, MIL*, QQ*, BMS, BAC

Preliminary allowables

Preliminary design

Firm allowables

Firm design drawing release hardware fabrication

14-17

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

Allowables Ensure the Structural Integrity of the Final Product

Allowables Design Requirements Static Allowables Properties and Bases Allowables Development and Publication Presentation of Design Manuals and Examples of Use

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-18

Allowables Development Requirements

Program request g q Firm specification Test program planning Specimen fabrication and testing Allowables development Document D6 57037 P D t D6-57037, Procedure f M t i l d for Material Selection and Development of Design/Producibility Data

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-19

Requirements for Development of Metal Allowable

Existence of a material specification T lots of material from at least two production heats Ten l t f t i lf tl tt d ti h t for each test Thi k Thickness range of the 10 lots to be tested should span f th l t t b t t d h ld the thickness range covered by the material specification All tests are performed in accordance with the applicable standard specifications Specific standard properties (tension compression (tension, compression, shear, and bearing) are tested at room temperature to determine Ftu, Fty, Ein, Fcy, Csu, Fbru, and Fbry for e/d = 1.5 and e/D = 2.0 for each grain direction and each lot 20
Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures
14-20

Allowables
Typical Allowables Test Program for Metallic Materials Tension Compression Shear Bearing, e/D=1.5 Bearing, e/D=2.0 g, (L) (LT) (L) (LT) (L) (LT) (L) (LT) ( ) (L) (LT) 90 + 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-21

Allowables Ensure the Structural Integrity of the Final Product

Allowables Design Requirements Static Allowables Properties and Bases Allowables Development and Publication Presentation of Design Manuals and Examples of Use

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-22

BDM-4090 7075

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-23

BDM-4090 7075

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-24

BDM-4090 7075

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-25

BDM-4090 7075

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-26

Sample Problem
What is the tensile ultimate strength B allowable of .5-inch thick 7075-T651 bare plate at 250F service p temperature after exposure to 350F for 1,000 hours?

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-27

Example Solution

38%

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-28

Example Solution

Answer = (79 ksi)(38%) = 30 ksi

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-29

Joint Strength BDM-4301

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-30

Joint Strength Single Shear

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-31

Sample Problem: Find the Joint Capability With BACR15BB6D Fastener

BACR15BB6D 2024-T3
t = 0.050

t = 0.050 P

0.43 (minimum typical)

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-32

Example Solution

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-33

Example Solution

Answer = 910 lbs

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-34

Tension Fasteners

Design and Analysis of Aircraft Structures

14-35