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___________________________ Features
Small Capacitors 0.65V Typ Loss at 100mA Load Low 120A Operating Current 6.5 Typ Output Impedance Guaranteed ROUT < 15W for C1 = C2 = 10mF Pin-Compatible High-Current ICL7660 Upgrade Inverts or Doubles Input Supply Voltage Selectable Oscillator Frequency: 10kHz/80kHz 88% Typ Conversion Efficiency at 100mA (IL to GND)
MAX660
______________Ordering Information
PART MAX660CPA MAX660CSA MAX660C/D MAX660EPA MAX660ESA MAX660MJA TEMP. RANGE 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -55C to +125C PIN-PACKAGE 8 Plastic DIP 8 SO Dice* 8 Plastic DIP 8 SO 8 CERDIP
________________________Applications
Laptop Computers Medical Instruments Interface Power Supplies Hand-Held Instruments Operational-Amplifier Power Supplies
__________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
FC
V+ 8 7 6 5
GND 3 CAP- 4
MAX660
6 5
DIP/SO
POSITIVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, C1 = C2 = 150F, test circuit of Figure 1, FC = open, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER Operating Supply Voltage RL = 1k CONDITIONS Inverter, LV = open Inverter, LV = GND Doubler, LV = OUT Supply Current Output Current No load FC = open, LV = open FC = V+, LV = open 100 100 15 6.5 5 40 10 80 1 8 96 92 98 96 88 99.00 99.96 % % 10.0 12 kHz A MIN 3.0 1.5 2.5 0.12 1 TYP MAX 5.5 5.5 5.5 0.5 3 mA mA V UNITS
TA +85C, OUT more negative than -4V TA > +85C, OUT more negative than -3.8V TA +85C, C1 = C2 = 10F, FC = V+ (Note 4) IL = 100mA FC = open FC = V+ FC = open FC = V+ RL = 1k connected between V+ and OUT RL = 500 connected between OUT and GND IL = 100mA to GND TA +85C, C1 = C2 = 150F TA +85C
No load
Note 2: In the test circuit, capacitors C1 and C2 are 150F, 0.2 maximum ESR, aluminum electrolytics. Capacitors with higher ESR may reduce output voltage and efficiency. See Capacitor Selection section. Note 3: Specified output resistance is a combination of internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR. See Capacitor Selection section. Note 4: The ESR of C1 = C2 0.5. Guaranteed by correlation, not production tested.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660
IS V+ 1 2 3 4 FC CAP+ V+ 8 V+ (+5V )
OSC 7 6
C1
OUT 5 IL
RL
VOUT C2
400 350 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 LV = OPEN LV = GND LV = OUT
10
-3.8
84
-4.2
76
0.1
0.01 5.5 0.1 1 10 100 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
60 100
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 V+ = 4.5V 0.2 V+ = 5.5V 0 V+ = 1.5V V+ = 2.5V
-5.0
V+ = 3.5V
68
V+ = 2.5V
-3.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 0.1 1 10 100 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX660-7
LV = GND LV = GND
80 80 LV = = OPEN LV OPEN 60 60 FC = V+, OSC = OPEN 40 40 20 20 0 0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 2.5 VOLTAGE 4.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 SUPPLY 3.0 3.5 (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
100
5.5
10
FC = V+
1 FC = OPEN 0.1
40
20
TEMPERATURE (C)
MAX660-11
25 20 15
10 5
V+ = 3.0V
V+ = 5.0V 5.5 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660-12
14
MAX660-8
100
100
FC = V+ OSC = OPEN
50 CURRENT (mA) 40 30 20 10 0
FC = V+ OSC = OPEN
FC = V+ OSC = OPEN
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
NAME PIN NAME INVERTER Frequency Control for internal oscillator, FC = open, fOSC = 10kHz typ; FC = V+, fOSC = 80kHz typ (40kHz min), FC has no effect when OSC pin is driven externally. Charge-Pump Capacitor, Positive Terminal Power-Supply Ground Input Charge-Pump Capacitor, Negative Terminal Output, Negative Voltage Low-Voltage Operation Input. Tie LV to GND when input voltage is less than 3V. Above 3V, LV may be connected to GND or left open; when overdriving OSC, LV must be connected to GND. Oscillator Control Input. OSC is connected to an internal 15pF capacitor. An external capacitor can be added to slow the oscillator. Take care to minimize stray capacitance. An external oscillator may also be connected to overdrive OSC. Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input FUNCTION DOUBLER
1
2 3 4 5
FC
CAP+ GND CAPOUT
Same as Inverter
Same as Inverter Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input Same as Inverter Power-Supply Ground Input
LV
OSC
V+
_______________________________________________________________________________________
60
120
120
250
MAX660
__________Applications Information
Negative Voltage Converter
The most common application of the MAX660 is as a charge-pump voltage inverter. The operating circuit uses only two external capacitors, C1 and C2 (see Typical Operating Circuits). Even though its output is not actively regulated, the MAX660 is very insensitive to load current changes. A typical output source resistance of 6.5 means that with an input of +5V the output voltage is -5V under light load, and decreases only to -4.35V with a load of 100mA. Output source resistance vs. temperature and supply voltage are shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics graphs. Output ripple voltage is calculated by noting the output current supplied is solely from capacitor C2 during
When FC and OSC are unconnected (open), the oscillator runs at 10kHz typically. When FC is connected to V+, the charge and discharge current at OSC changes from 1.0A to 8.0A, thus increasing the oscillator
0.2 at 6kHz, 0.3 at 13kHz, 0.12 at 5kHz, 0.6 at 50kHz, 1.1 at 100kHz, 1 at 40kHz 1.4 at 130kHz 2.5 at 250kHz 12 6, 50, 130 1.5 to 5.5 12 13, 100, 150 1.5 to 5.5 6.5 5, 40 1.5 to 5.5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 4 6 8 10 100
MAX660-fig 2
20
ESR = 0.25 FOR BOTH C1 AND C2 MAX660 OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE ASSUMED TO BE 5.25
1000
CAPACITANCE (F)
Figure 2. Total Output Source Resistance vs. C1 and C2 Capacitance (C1 = C2)
________________Capacitor Selection
Three factors (in addition to load current) affect the MAX660 output voltage drop from its ideal value: 1) MAX660 output resistance 2) Pump (C1) and reservoir (C2) capacitor ESRs 3) C1 and C2 capacitance The voltage drop caused by MAX660 output resistance is the load current times the output resistance. Similarly, the loss in C2 is the load current times C2s ESR. The loss in C1, however, is larger because it handles currents that are greater than the load current during charge-pump operation. The voltage drop due to C1 is therefore about four times C1s ESR multiplied by the load current. Consequently, a low (or high) ESR capacitor has a much greater impact on performance for C1 than for C2. Generally, as the pump frequency of the MAX660 increases, the capacitance values required to maintain comparable ripple and output resistance diminish proportionately. The curves of Figure 2 show the total circuit
output resistance for various capacitor values (the pump and reservoir capacitors values are equal) and oscillator frequencies. These curves assume 0.25 capacitor ESR and a 5.25 MAX660 output resistance, which is why the flat portion of the curve shows a 6.5 (RO MAX660 + 4 (ESRC1) + ESRC2) effective output resistance. Note: R O = 5.25 is used, rather than the typical 6.5, because the typical specification includes the effect of the ESRs of the capacitors in the test circuit. In addition to the curves in Figure 2, four bar graphs in the Typical Operating Characteristics show output current for capacitances ranging from 0.33F to 220F. Output current is plotted for inputs of 4.5V (5V-10%) and 3.0V (3.3V-10%), and allow for 10% and 20% output droop with each input voltage. As can be seen from the graphs, the MAX660 6.5 series resistance limits increases in output current vs. capacitance for values much above 47F. Larger values may still be useful, however, to reduce ripple. To reduce the output ripple caused by the charge pump, increase the reservoir capacitor C2 and/or reduce its ESR. Also, the reservoir capacitor must have low ESR if filtering high-frequency noise at the output is important. Not all manufacturers guarantee capacitor ESR in the range required by the MAX660. In general, capacitor ESR is inversely proportional to physical size, so larger capacitance values and higher voltage ratings tend to reduce ESR.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Cascading Devices
To produce larger negative multiplication of the initial supply voltage, the MAX660 may be cascaded as shown in Figure 3. The resulting output resistance is approximately equal to the sum of the individual MAX660 ROUT values. The output voltage, where n is an integer representing the number of devices cascaded, is defined by VOUT = -n (VIN).
Paralleling Devices
Paralleling multiple MAX660s reduces the output resistance. As illustrated in Figure 4, each device requires its own pump capacitor C1, but the reservoir capacitor C2 serves all devices. The value of C2 should be increased by a factor of n, where n is the number of devices. Figure 4 shows the equation for calculating output resistance.
Matsuo 267 Series (714) 969-2491 Sprague 595 Series Sanyo MV-GX Series Sanyo CV-GX Series Nichicon PL Series (603) 224-1961 (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-6835 (847) 843-7500
ROUT =
C1
MAX660 "1"
5
C1n
3 4
MAX660 "n"
C1
MAX660 "1"
C1n 5
3 4
MAX660 "n"
5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660
1M OPEN-DRAIN LOW-BATTERY OUTPUT 5V/100mA 150F 620k 1M SET 6 GND SHDN 4 5 220k
MAX660
150F 4 6 150 F
MAX667 LBO 7
DD 1
5 +VIN 8
NOTE: ALL 150F CAPACITORS ARE MAXC001, AVAILABLE FROM MAXIM. D1 2 3 C1 4 6 D1, D2 = 1N4148 VOUT = -VIN C2
MAX660
5
Figure 6. MAX660 generates a +5V regulated output from a 3V lithium battery and operates for 16 hours with a 40mA load.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
CAP+
0.120" (3.05mm)
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660
L A1 e B D1
0 - 15 C B1 eA eB
DIM
D A e B
0.101mm 0.004in.
0-8
A1
A A1 B C E e H L
INCHES MAX MIN 0.069 0.053 0.010 0.004 0.019 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.157 0.150 0.050 0.244 0.228 0.050 0.016
MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.19 0.25 3.80 4.00 1.27 5.80 6.20 0.40 1.27
DIM PINS D D D 8 14 16
INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00 0.337 0.344 8.55 8.75 0.386 0.394 9.80 10.00
21-0041A
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
E1 A D E
Q L e B S1 S B1 L1
0-15 C
A B B1 C E E1 e L L1 Q S S1
DIM PINS D D D D D D 8 14 16 18 20 24
INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX 0.405 10.29 0.785 19.94 0.840 21.34 0.960 24.38 1.060 26.92 1.280 32.51
21-0045A
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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