Chapter 5 : Ratio, Rates and Proportions Effectives notes : 1) The ratio of two quantities a) is a comparison of two quantities with

the same unit. b) Is usually written as a : b and is read as ratio of a to b 2) If a : b = 3 : 2 , then a) b : a = 2 : 3 b) a : ( a + b ) = 3 : ( 3 + 2 ) =3:5 c) a : ( a + b ) = 3 : (3 - 2 ) =3:1 3) A quantity is proportional to another quantity if they have equivalent ratios. Example : Given that m = 3 when n = 5 and m = 6 when n = 10 3 6 Since = 5 10 Thus , m is proportional to n . 4) The ratio of three quantities. a) is a comparison of three quantities with the same unit. b) Is usually written as a : b : c. 5) If the ratios of a : b and b : c are given , then we can find the ratio of a) a : b : c b) a : c Example: If a : b = 1 : 2 and B: c =4 : 5,

a) Since a : b = 1 : 2 =2:4 And b : c = 4 :5 a:b:c=2:4:5

b) Since

a 1 b 4 = and = b 2 c 5 a b 1 4 Therefore x = x b c 2 5 a 2 = c 5 a:c=2:5