The Wordlist

Suvrit Sra October 8, 2000

Abbreviations
ath.: anything. char.: characterized or characteristic sth.: something. sb.: somebody. usu.: usually. : stands for the word in context

The Wordlist
1. abaft: behind. 2. abase: disgrace; debase; lower; to humble or humiliate. 3. abase: to confound, disgrace, debase; [Opp] uplift, dignify, elevate. 4. abash: discourage; disconcert; discompose. 5. abate: moderate; mitigate; to weaken or become less in amount, degree, etc. 6. abbreviate: to make briefer; esp to reduce to a shorter form intended to stand for the whole; shorten. 7. abdicate: resign; abandon; renounce; to give up formally (a high oce, throne, etc); to surrender or repudiate. 8. abed: in bed; conned to bed. 9. aberrant: exceptional; deviating; divergent; erroneous. 10. abet: aid; assist; incite; stimulate; promote. 11. abeyance: suspension; adjournment; temporary inactivity; a lapse in succession during which there is no person in whom a title; is vested. 12. abject: of the lowest degree; wretched; cast away; worthless; groveling; base; outcast. 13. abjure: to give up on oath; forswear; recant; retract; repudiate; renounce. 14. ablate: to remove. 15. ablutions: the act or action of bathing. 16. abnegation: denial; refusal; forbearance; selfdenial. 2 17. abolish: 1) to end the observance or eect of : cancel : annul; 2) destroy : put an end to. 18. abominate: to hate or loathe intensely; abhor. 19. aboriginal: existing (in a place) from the beginning or from earliest days; indigenous; being the rst of its kind in a region. 20. abortive: unsuccessful; fruitless; coming to nth. 21. abound: teem, swarm, ourish; [Opp.] decient, destitute, lack. 22. abrade: 1a) to rub or wear away esp by friction : erode; 1b) to irritate or roughen by rubbing; 2) to wear down in spirit : irritate. 23. abrasive: 1) tending to abrade; 2) causing irritation [ manners]. 24. abrasive: a substance (emery, sandpaper) used for abrasion. 25. abridgment: outline; digest; synopsis; abstract. 26. abrogation: nullication; revocation; annulment; defeasance; retractation; recantation. 27. abscond: to depart secretly and hide oneself; to decamp, bolt, ee; [Opp.] remain, endure, emerge. 28. absentia: absent. 29. absolute: 1a) free from imperfection : perfect; 1b) free or relatively free from mixture : pure; 2) being, governed by, or char of a ruler or authority, completely free from; constitutional or other restraint; 3) positive, unquestionable [ proof]; 4) fundamental, ultimate

[ knowledge]; 5) perfectly embodying the nature of a thing [ justice]; 6) complete, totally unlimited; certain. 30. absolution: forgiveness; the act of absolving?. 31. absolve: exonerate; to acquit; exculpate. 32. abstain: to refrain deliberately and often with an eort of self-denial from an action or practice. 33. abstemious: sparing in food, drink or enjoyment; temperate. 34. abstention: refrain; (to abstain from). 35. abstinence: 1) voluntary forbearance esp from indulgence of an appetite or craving or from eating some foods : abstention; 2) habitual abstaining from intoxicating beverages. 36. abstract: 1) remove, separate; 2) to consider apart from application to or association with a particular instance; 3) to draw away the attention of; 4) steal, purloin. 37. abstract: 1) summary of points (as of a writing) usu. presented in skeletal form; 2) also sth that summarizes or concentrates the essentials of a larger thing; or several things. 38. abstract: 1a) dissociated from any specic instance [ entity]; 1b) dicult to understand : abstruse [ problems]; 1c) insuciently factual : formal [possessed only as an right]; 2) dealing with a subject in its abstract aspects : theoretical; 3) impersonal, detached; 4) having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial ; representation or narrative content. 39. abstruseness: hidden; remote; dicult to understand. 40. abusive: 1) characterized by wrong or improper use or action; esp corrupt [ nancial practices]; 2a) using harsh insulting language; characterized by or serving for abuse; 2b) physically injurious [ behavior]. 41. abut: to terminate at a point of contact; to lean for support; to border on; adjoin. 3

42. abysmal: bottomless; unfathomable; abyssal. 43. academia: the academic life, community or world; pedant. 44. acatalectic: complete. 45. accede: assent; comply; agree. 46. accentuate: to make prominent; emphasize. 47. accessible: 1) providing access; 2a) capable of being reached [ by rail]; also : being within reach; 2b) easy to speak or deal with [ people]; 3) capable of being inuenced : open; 4) capable of being used or seen : available; 5) capable of being understood or appreciated [the authors most ; stories]. 48. accessory: 1) assisting as a subordinate; esp : contributing to a crime but not as the chief agent; 2) aiding or contributing in a secondary way; supplementary. 49. accessory: 1a) a person not actually or constructively present but contributing as an ; assistant or instigator to the commission of an oensecalled also ; accessory before the fact; 1b) a person who knowing that a crime has been committed aids or shelters ; the offender with the attempt to defeat justice called also accessory ; after the fact; 2a) a thing of secondary or subordinate importance : adjunct; 2b) additional object or device not essential in itself. 50. acclamation: a shout of applause or assent. 51. acclimate: acclimatize; to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation. 52. acclivity: a sharp ascending slope or hill. 53. accolade: 1a) a ceremonial embrace; 1b) a ceremony or salute conferring knighthood; 2a) a mark of acknowledgment : award; 2b) an expression of praise. 54. accommodate: 1) to make t, suitable or congruous; 2) to bring into agreement or concord : reconcile; 3) to provide with sth desired, needed or suited (as a helpful service, a ; loan or lodgings); 4a) to make room for; 4b) to hold

without crowding or inconvenience; 5) to give consideration to : allow for [ the special interests of ; some people]; 6) to help or oblige someone. 55. accost: to approach and speak to often in a challenging or aggressive way. 56. accoutre: (or accouter) to provide with equipment or furnishings : outt. 57. accretion: accumulation; continued growth; (root: accrescent); 58. accrue: an accession, increment or product. 59. accrue: increment; to come as an accession; to fall due. 60. acculturate: to change through acculturation. 61. acculturation: cultural modication of an individual group or people by adapting to or ; borrowing traits from another culture. 62. accumulate: amass, aggregate, hoard; [Opp.] dissipate, disperse, portion. 63. acedia: listlessness; torpor; sloth; apathy; boredom (of religious stu). 64. acephalous: leaderless (headless?). 65. acerbate: acrimony; soreness; malevolence; irritate; exasperate. 66. acervate: [Biol] heaped; growing in tight clusters or heapsesp growth of moss or fungi. 67. acidulous: slightly sour containing carbonic acid; somewhat acid or harsh in taste or manner. 68. acknowledge: 1) to recognize the rights, authority, or status of ; 2) to disclose knowledge of or agreement with; 3a) to express gratitude or obligation for; 3b) to take notice of; 3c) to make known the receipt of; 4) to recognize as genuine or valid [ a debt]; 5) admit, own, avow, confess. 69. acquiesce: to rest satised or without making opposition; to assent. 4

70. acquittal: a setting free from the charge of an oense by verdict, sentence or other; legal process. 71. acrimony: acerbity; tartness; bitterness; hatred; acridity. 72. action: achievement, activity, [Opp.] inertia, ennui, lassitude. exertion;

73. actuary: 1) one who makes calculations connected with insurance, annuity premiums, ; reserves and dividends; 2) relating to statistical calculation esp of life expectancy. 74. actuate: 1) to put into mechanical action or motion; 2) to move to action : motivate. 75. acuity: sharpness; keenness of perception. 76. acumen: insight; keenness; perspicacity. 77. acute: 1) char by sharpness or severity [ pain]; 2) ending in a sharp point; 3) marked by a keen discernment or intellectual perception esp of subtle ; distinctions : penetrating [an thinker]; 4) felt, perceived, or experience intensely [ distress]. 78. adage: a saying often in metaphorical form that embodies a common observation. 79. adagio: a slow tempo; a slow movement. 80. addle: barren; incomplete; abortive; confuse; muddle; confound [an egg, he has an brain]. 81. adduce: allege; advance; arm; assign; urge; to bring forward in discussion. 82. adept: thoroughly procient; expert; a highly skilled or well trained individual. 83. adit: mine entrance. 84. adjourn: discontinue meeting. 85. adjudicate: to determine judicially; pronounceto award. to

86. adjunct: appendage; augment; supernumerary; interlineation; corollary; addition; appendage; appurtenance.

87. adjuration: 1) a solemn oath; 2) an earnest 105. advocate: 1) one that pleads the cause of anurging or advising. other; 2) one that defends or maintains a cause or proposal; 3) to plead in favor of : support. 88. adjure: 1) to command solemnly under or as if under oath or penalty of a curse; 2) to urge 106. aegis: a shield belonging to Zeus; protection; patronage. or advise earnestly. 89. adjutant: an ocer specially appointed to as- 107. aesthetic: 1a) of, relating to , or dealing with aesthetics or the beautiful; 1b) artistic; 1c) sist a commanding ocer. pleasing in appearance : attractive; 2) appre90. admonish: warn; advise; counsel; censure; reciative of, responsive to, or zealous abut the prove. beautiful. 91. admonition: reproof; counsel; advice. 108. aesthetic: a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and ; 92. adroit: expert or nimble in the use of hands; with the creation and appreciation of beauty. dextrous; deft; adept. 109. aable: 1) being pleasant and at ease in talk93. adroit: procient, dextrous, artful; [Opp.] ing to others; 2) characterized by ease and awkward, dull, clumsy. friendliness. 94. adscititious: derived or acquired from sth ex- 110. aectation: 1a) the act of taking on or distrinsic; added; redundant; adventitious. playing an attitude or mode of behavior not ; natural to oneself : articiality. 95. adulation: to fawn upon; to atter. 111. aected: 1) inclined, disposed; 2a) given to 96. adulterate: 1) to corrupt, debase, or make aectation; 2b) assumed articially or falsely : impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior; pretended. substance or element; 2) to prepare for sale by replacing more valuable with less valuable. 112. aerent: bringing towards a central point. 97. adumbrate: to give a faint shadow of; to fore- 113. aant: adavit signer. shadow/overshadow; darkness; allegorise; rep114. adavit: a sworn statement in writing made resent. esp under oath or an armation before an; au98. aduncity: hooked; curved or hooked as a parthorized magistrate or ocer. rots beak. 115. aliate: 1a) to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch; 1b) to asso99. advene: to be superadded. ciate as a member; 2) to trace the origin of. 100. advent: the coming into being or use; arrival. 116. anity: 1) relationship by marriage; 2) sym101. adventitious: added from without; accidenpathy marked by community of interest : kintal?; adscititious. ship; 2) an attraction to or liking for sth. 102. adverse: 1) acting against or in a contrary di- 117. armation: 1) the act of arming : a posrection : hostile; 2a) opposed to ones interests itive assertion ; 2) a solemn declaration made [an verdict]; 2b) causing harm; harmful [ under the penalties of perjury by a person who drug eects]. ; conscientiously declines from taking an oath. 103. adversity: misfortune; ill-luck; calamity; dis- 118. ax: 1) to attach physically; 2) to attach in tress. any way; 3) add; append. 104. advert: to refer; to turn ones attention. 119. aatus: inspiration. 5

120. auence: abounding/inowing wealth; 121. 122. 123.

124. 125. 126.

136. agnostic: a person who holds the view that any ultimate reality (as God) is unknown ; aray: disturbance; a brawl; breach of the and prob unknowable; broadly: one who is not peace. committed to believing in either the existence or ; the nonexistence of God or a god. aront: insult; annoy; vex; taunt; provoke; exasperate. 137. agog: in a state of eager anticipation , excitement or interest. acionado: a person who likes, knows about, and appreciates a usu fervently pursued; inter138. agrarian: relating to land; its management or est or activity. distribution. afoul: in entanglement; in collision. 139. ague: burning fever; a shivering t. agape: curious; expectant; wonder; with gap140. aileron: a ap on an aeroplane wingtip for ing mouth. lateral balance. agenda: 1) a list or outline of things to be considered or done; 2) an underlying often ide- 141. ailurophile: a person having a strong attraction to or devoted to cats. ological plan or program.

127. agglomeration: 1) the action or process of 142. alacrity: speed; swiftness; briskness; quickness. collecting in a mass; 2) a heap or cluster of usu. disparate elements [urban s knit; to143. albeit: despite the fact; not withstanding gether etc]. even if. 128. agglutinate: to cause to cohere or clump. 144. alchemy: 1) an early form of chemistry, with 129. aggrandize: exalt; enrich; augment; advance; philosophical and magical associations, ; studelevate. ied in the Middle Ages: its chief aims were to change metals into gold ; and to discover 130. aggravation: heightening; exacerbation; exthe elixir of perpetual youth; 2) a method or asperation; overestimation; exaggeration. power of transmutation; 3) esp. the seemingly miraculous change of a thing into sth. better. 131. aggregate: 1) a mass or body of units or parts somewhat loosely associated with one ; 145. alcove: 1) a recessed section of a room, as a another; 2) the whole sum or amount; 3) sum breakfast nook; 2) secluded corner in a garden total. : summerhouse. 132. aggregate: 1) to collect or gather into a mass 146. alderman: a nobleman of highest rank; or whole : total. maybe a civic dignitary next to mayor. 133. aghast: struck with terror, amazement or hor147. aleatory: depending on chance. ror; shocked. 134. agility: 1) marked by ready ability to move 148. alee: on or towards the lee side. with quick, easy grace; 2) nimbleness; dexter- 149. alembic: distilling vessel. ity. 150. alfresco: in the fresh and cool air; to aug135. agitate: 1) to move with irregular , rapid, or ment this meaning. violent action; 2) to excite and often trouble the mind or feelings of : disturb; 3a) to discuss 151. alginate: to prepare a colloidal substance. excitedly and earnestly; 3b) to stir up public discussion of; to attempt to arouse public feel- 152. alias: an assumed name; another name; ing. pseudonym. 6

153. alienate: 1) to transfer the ownership of 169. aloof: 1) at a distance : removed; 2) distant (property) to another; 2) to make unfriendly in sympathy, interest, etc; reserved and cool : estrange; 3) to cause to be withdrawn or [her manner was ]. detached [as from ones society]; 4) to cause 170. alopecia: loss of hair, esp on the head; baldtransference of (aection). ness. 154. alimentary: 1) connected with food or nutrition; 2) nourishing; 3) support or sustenance. 171. altercation: an angry or heated argument. 155. alimony: allowance for support for divorced 172. altruist: a person living and acting for the interest of others. wife. 156. allayed: to put down; to quell; to alleviate; to 173. amalgamate: 1) to combine in an amalgam; 2) to join together into one : unite : combine. abate. 157. allege: 1) rm : esp, as a plea, temporary to assert positively, or declare; af- 174. amanuensis: one who writes down the dictation. to assert without proof; 2) to oer excuse, etc [in his defense he d 175. amaranthine: everlasting. ; insanity]. 176. amass: 1) to pile up : collect together; 2) to 158. allegiance: loyalty; submission; subjection; accumulate (esp wealth). devotion. 177. amatory: of, relating to, or expressing sexual 159. allegoric: symbolical narration; (ref trickery). love.

160. allegory: 1) a story in which people, things, 178. amazon: a large, strong, masculine woman. and happenings have a hidden or symbolic; meaning : allegories are used for teaching or 179. ambergris: perfume base. explaining ideas, moral ; principles etc; 2) any 180. ambidextrous: 1) able to use both hands symbol or emblem. with equal ease; 2) very skillful or versatile; 161. allele: any of several forms of a gene aris3) deceitful : double-dealing. ing thru mutation, responsible for ; hereditary 181. ambivalence: having opposing emotional atvariation. titude towards the same subject. 162. allemande: a movement which aects change 182. amble: to move at an easy pace; (move like a of order in a dance. horse). 163. alleviate: to lessen; to mitigate. 183. ambrosia: food of the Greek gods which con164. allure: to tempt with sth desirable; entice; ferred everlasting youth and beauty; can be fascinate; attract. used to praise any ne food. 165. allusion: passing or casual reference; an inci- 184. ambulatory: 1) of or for walking; 2) able to dental mention. walk and not conned to bed [an ambulatory patient]; 3) moving from one place to another 166. alluvial: of, found in, or made up of, allu: movable; 4) that can be changed or revoked vium. [an ambulatory will]. 167. alluvium: sand, clay, etc, gradually deposited 185. ambuscade: an ambush. by moving water, as along a river bed ; or the shore of a lake : wash. 186. ameliorate: to make better; improve. 168. aloft: in air, upward. 187. amenable: able to be led; submissive. 7

188. amend: 1) to remove the faults of : correct : 204. amplify: 1) to make larger or stronger; inemend; 2) to change or revise (a law, constitucrease or extend (power, authority, etc); 2) to tion, etc); 3) to make better : improve. develop more fully, as with details, examples, statistics, etc. 189. amenity: 1) pleasant quality; attractiveness; 2a) an attractive or desirable feature, as of 205. amputate: to cut o (an arm, leg, etc), esp by surgery. a place, climate, etc; 2b) ath that adds to ones comfort : convenience; 3) the courteous 206. amulet: an object worn on the body beacts and pleasant manners of polite social because of its supposed magical power to protect; haviour. against injury or evil; a charm; talisman. 190. amerce: punished by ne. 207. ana: collection of odd literary items. 191. amiable: agreeable, pleasing, charming; 208. anachronism: misdate; intempestivity; a [Opp.] dour, testy, grouchy, crusty. chronological misplacing of persons, events, objects, or customs in regard; to each other. 192. amicable: friendly in feeling; showing goodwill; peaceable [an amicable discussion]. 209. anagogic: mystical;. 193. amiss: in a wrong way; astray, wrongly, fault210. analects: miscellaneous excerpts. ily, improperly,etc. 211. analgesia: a fully conscious state in which 194. amity: friendly, peaceful relations, as between normal pain is not felt. nations; friendship. 212. analogous: similar or comparable in certain 195. amnesty: a pardon, esp for political oenses respects. against a government. 213. analogy: 1) similarity in some respects be196. amok (amuck): 1) to rush about in a frenzy tween things otherwise unlike; partial resemto kill; 2) to lose control of oneself and behave blance; 2) [Logic] an inference from certain outrageously and violently; 3) to become wild admitted resemblances between two or; more or undisciplined. things to a probable further similarity between them. 197. amoral: 1) not to be judged by criteria of morality; neither moral nor immoral; 2) with- 214. anaphorically: the rhetorical device of beginout moral sense or principles; incapable of disning successive sentences with the same word; tinguishing between right and wrong. or phrase. 198. amorous: of, relating to, expression of sexual 215. anarchism: 1) the theory that all forms of love. government interfere unjustly with individual; liberty and should be replaced by the volun199. amorphism: uncouthness; absence of form. tary association of cooperative; groups; 2) re200. amortize: to wipe out; to provide for the sistance, sometimes by terrorism, to organized gradual extinction of sth. government. 201. amphibology: ambiguity. 216. anastomotic: communication by cross connections to form a network.

202. amphitheater: 1) a round or oval building with an open space (arena) surrounded by ris- 217. anathema: a solemn ecclesiastical curse; a ing ; rows of seats. curse; execration; 203. ample: 1) large in size, extent, scope etc : 218. anchor: 1) any device that holds sth else sespacious : roomy; 2) more than enough : abuncure; 2) ath. that gives or seems to give stadant; 3) enough to fulll the needs or purpose bility or security; 3) a person who anchors a : adequate. team, news-cast etc. 8

219. anchoritism: (anchorite: a recluse : a man 234. anneal: 1) to heat (glass, metals,etc) and then cool slowly to prevent bitterness; 2) to or woman who has renounced the world). strengthen and temper (the mind, will, etc). 220. anchovy: a small Mediterranean sh of herring family (put on pizza as sauce). 235. annihilate: 1) to destroy completely : put out of existence : demolish; 2) to consider or 221. ancillary: 1) subordinate: often with to; 2) cause to be of no importance or without eect; that serves as an aid : auxiliary. nullify [to anothers ambition]; 3) to conquer decisively : crush. 222. ancipital: two edged. 223. anecdote: a short, entertaining account of 236. annotated: to make notes upon sth. some happening, usually personal or; bio237. annuity: payment falling due annually. graphical. 224. anemia: 1) lack or vigor or vitality : lifeless- 238. ness. 239. 225. anesthesia: 1) a partial or total loss of the sense of pain, temperature, touch, etc.; pro240. duced by disease; 2) a loss of sensation induced by an anesthetic, hypnosis, or acupuncture and; limited to a specic area or involving a loss of consciousness. 241. 226. anfractuous: winding. 227. anguish: great suering, as from worry, grief, 242. or pain; agony. 243. 228. angular: 1) having or forming an angle or angles; having sharp corners; 2) with bones that jut out : gaunt; 3) without ease or grace; 244. sti [an angular stride]. 229. anhedonia: losing the will of living or losing ability to experience pleasure in normally; pleasurable things. 230. animadvert: to consider; attend to; reprehend; to make a critical and usu censorious 245. remark. 246. 231. animate: 1) to give life to : bring to life; 2) to make gay, energetic or spirited; 3) to give motion to : to put into action. annunciate: proclaim; announce. anodyne: lenitive; remedial; relief; drug that relieves pain. anoint: to smear with ointment or oil; to drub; to smear with oil in a ceremony of consecration. anomaly: irregularity; sth dierent, abnormal, peculiar. or not easily classied. anomic: see anomie!. anomie: this is a social condition characterized by the breakdown of norms governing; social interactions; social alienation. anonymous: 1) with no name known or acknowledged; 2) given ,written, etc by a person whose name is withheld or unknown; 3) not easily distinguished from others from one another because of a lack of; individual features or character. ansate: having a handle. antagonist: 1) a person who opposes or competes with another : adversary : opponent; 2) a muscle, drug, etc that acts in opposition to or counteracts another.

232. animus: 1) an animating force or underlying 247. antecede: to go before in rank, place, or time; purpose : intention; 2) a feeling or strong illprecede. will or hatred : animosity. 248. antecedents: 1) any happening or thing prior 233. annals: 1) a written account of events year to another; 2) ath logically preceding; 3) ones by year in chronological order; 2) historical ancestry, past life, training etc. records or chronicles : history; 3) any journal containing reports of discoveries in some 249. antediluvian: very old, old-fashioned, or elds, meetings of; a society, etc. primitive. 9

250. anthropoid: 1) resembling a human; 2) ape- 266. aperture: 1) an opening; hole : gap; 2) the like [a brutish man with anthropoid features]. opening or the diameter of the opening in a camera, telescope, etc.; thru which light passes 251. anthropology: the study of humans, esp of into the lens. the variety, physical and cultural; characteristics, distribution, customs, social relation- 267. aphasia: inability to express thought in words ships, etc of humanity. by reason of some brain disease. 252. anthropomorphism: the attributing of hu- 268. aphesis: initial curtailment. man shape or characteristics to a god, animal, 269. aphorism: a concise and statement; a brief or; inanimate thing. pithy saying. 253. anticipation: foreboding, presentiment, pre270. apiaries: a place where bees are kept. vision; fear, doubt, dread. 254. anticlimax: 1) a sudden drop from the dig- 271. aplomb: self-possession; assurance; poise. nied or important in thought or expression 272. apocalypse: 1) any of various Jewish and to; the commonplace or trivial, sometimes for Christian pseudonymous writings depicting; humorous eect; 2) a descent, as in a series of symbolically the ultimate destruction of evil events, which is in ludicrous or disappointing; and triumph of good; 2) a disclosure regarded contrast to a preceding rise. as prophetic : revelation. 255. antihero: the protagonist of a novel, play, etc 273. apocryphal: not genuine; of doubtful authorwho lacks the virtues and esteemable; traits of ity; spurious. a traditional hero. 274. apodictic: necessarily true. 256. antinomy: opposition between principles. 275. apogee: 1) the point farthest from the earth 257. antipathy: aversion, repugnance, antagoin the orbit of the moon or of a man-made; nism; [Opp.] approbation, commendation, apsatellite: opposed to perigee; 2) the highest or preciation. farthest point. 258. antiphonal: alternate chanting or singing. 276. apolaustic: devoted to enjoyment.

259. antiquarian: connected with the studies of 277. apologue: a moral fable. relics. 278. apology: exculpation, entreaty, supplication; 260. antisemitic: anti Jews. [Opp.] censure, arraignment, imputation. 261. antithesis: 1) a contrast or opposition of 279. apoplexy: a condition in any organ of severe thoughts, usu. in two phrase, clauses, or; senhemorrhage or infraction: formerly used; esp. tences [you are going : i am staying]; 2) the to indicate cerebral accident or stroke. second part of such an expression; 3) the exact opposite [joy is the antithesis of sorrow]. 280. aposiopesis: sentence left unnished. 262. anvil: an iron or steel block on which metal 281. apostate: renegade; (one who has revolted objects are hammered into shape. from ecclesiastical obedience); defection. 263. apathetic: lack of interest towards sth or 282. someones problems?. 283. 264. apathy: stoicism, lethargy, indierence; [Opp.] turbulence, eagerness, vehemence. 284. 265. ape: to imitate or mimic. 10 apothecary: a druggist or pharmacist. apothegm: a pithy saying more short pointed and practical than the aphorism need be. apotheosis: resuscitation; canonization; hero worship; deication; glorication.

285. appall: to ll with horror or dismay; shock.

301. aqueduct: canal.

286. appanage: 1) a provision for maintenance 302. arbiter: umpire; judge. esp for the kings younger child; 2) natural at303. arbitrary: 1) not xed by rules but left to tribute. ones judgement or choice : discretionary; 2) based on ones preference, notion, whim etc; 287. apparition: 1) anything that appears unex3) absolute : despotic. pectedly or in an extraordinary way; esp, a strange gure appearing suddenly and thought 304. arbitration: the act of arbitrating; specif, the to be a ghost; 2) the act of appearing or besettlement of a dispute by a person or persons coming visible. chosen to hear both; sides and come to a decision. 288. appease: 1) to pacify or quiet, esp by giving in to the demands of; 2) to satisfy or relieve 305. arbor: a shaft or beam; a spindle or axis; grass [water appeases thirst]. plot; garden. 289. appellation: 1) the act of calling by a name; 306. arboretum: a place where many kinds of 2) a name or title that describes or identies a trees and shrubs are grown for exhibition. person or thing : designation. 307. arcade: a passage having an arched roof; any 290. append: to attach or ax; add as a supplecovered passageway, esp one with shops; on the ment or appendix. sides. 291. appetency: craving. 292. apposite: juxtaposition; appropriate or apt. 308. archaic: old-fashioned; ancient. 309. archetypal: prototype; original pattern or model.

293. apprehend: 1) to take into custody : capture or arrest; 2) to take hold of mentally : perceive 310. archives: [usually pl.] a place in which public : understand; 3) to anticipate with anxiety : records or historical documents are; preserved; dread. also, the material preserved. 311. ardor: 1) emotional warmth : passion; 2) eagerness : enthusiasm : zeal; 3) intense heat : 295. approbation: approval; ocial approval, re. sanction or commendation. 312. arduous: 1) dicult to do : laborious : oner296. appurtenance: 1) anything that appertains; ous; 2) using much energy : strenuous; 3) steep thing added to a more important thing : ad: hard to climb [an arduous slope]. junct; 2) [pl.] apparatus or equipment : accessories; 3) an incidental right, privilege, etc, 313. argot: slang; (orig that of thieves). attached to some thing and passing with it, as 314. aria: an air or melody in a opera, cantata, or by conveyance or sale. oratorio, esp for solo voice with; instrumental accompaniment. 297. apropos: to the purpose; appropriately. 298. apse: a semi circular of polygonal recess esp 315. arid: 1) lacking enough water for things to grow : dry and barren; 2) not interesting : at the east end of a church quire. lifeless : dull. 299. apterous: wingless. 316. aristocracy: 1) orig. government by the best 300. aptitude: the quality of being apt or approcitizens; 2) government by a privileged minorpriate; a natural tendency or inclination; a ity or upper class, usu. of inherited wealth and natural ability or talent; quickness to learn or social position; 3) a country with this form of understand. govt : oligarchy. 11 294. apprise: to inform or notify.

317. armada: 1) a eet of warships; 2) a eet of 333. aseptic: medically sterile; not septic; free military aircraft. from or keeping away disease producing or putrefying microorganisms. 318. armistice: a suspension of hostilities; a truce. 334. asinine: of or like an ass. 319. armorer: a maker/repairer/custodian of 335. askance: with a sideways glance; obliquely; arms and armor. with suspicion, disapproval etc. 320. aromatic: 1) of or having and aroma; smelling sweet or spicy; fragrant or pungent. 336. askew: aside; awry; 321. arraign: charge; cite; censure; summon (bring 337. asperity: discourtesy; anger; irascibility; roughness or harshness as of surface, sound, before a court). weather,etc or of circumstances. 322. arrant: downright; unmitigated; notorious; 338. aspersion: the act of defaming; a damaging rascally. or disparaging remark; slander; innuendo. 323. array: 1) to place in order : marshal (troops for battle, etc); 2) to dress in ne or showy 339. aspirant: a person who aspires, as after honors, high position, etc. attire : deck out. 324. arrears: unpaid and overdue debts; any obligation not met on time; unnished business, work, etc. 325. arroyo: 1) a dry gully; 2) a rivulet or stream. 340. aspiration: a) strong desire or ambition, as for advancement, honor, etc; b) the thing so desired; 2) a breathing in, as of dust into the lungs.

341. assay: to put to trial; to put to the proof; to test. 326. articulate: 1) having parts connected by joints; 2) able to speak; 3) expressing oneself 342. assess: 1) to set an estimated value on (propeasily and clearly; 4) well formulated : clearly erty etc) for taxation; 2) to set the amount of presented [an articulate argument]. (a tax, a ne, damages etc); 3) to impose a ne, tax or special payment on (a person or 327. artifacts: any object made by human work; property). esp, a simple or primitive tool, weapon, vessel, etc. 343. asseveration: assertion. 328. artice: 1) skill or ingenuity; 2) a clever ex- 344. assiduity: persistent application or diligence. pedient; 3) trickery or craft. 345. assiduously: diligently. 329. artisan: a worker in a skilled trade; crafts346. assimilate: 1) to change (food) into a form man. that can be taken up by, and made part of; 330. artless: 1) lacking skill or art; 2) uncultured body tissues; 2) to absorb and incorporate into : ignorant; 3) not artistic : clumsy : crude; ones thinking; 3) to absorb (groups of dierent 4) without articiality : simple : natural; 4) cultures) into the main cultural body; 4) to without guile or deceit. make like or alike : cause to resemble : with to. 331. ascendancy: a position in which one has control or power; supremacy; domination. 347. assonant: to correspond in vowel sound. 332. ascription: act, expression, formula of ascrib- 348. assuage: 1) to lessen (pain, distress, etc) : ing or imputing (assigning or attributing sth to allay; 2) to satisfy or slake (thirst, appetite, sth). etc); 3) to calm (passion, anger, etc) : pacify. 12

349. assurance: the act or action of assuring: as 367. atrophy: wasting away; progressive decline; pledge, guarantee: the act of conveying real; degeneration. property: also the instrument by which it is conveyed; the state of being assured: as secu- 368. attenuate: decrease; weaken; mitigate. rity: being certain in the mind. 369. attest: to bear witness; certify or testify (to). 350. asthenic: weak. 370. attrition: wearing down by rubbing together; 351. astigmatism: distorted view or judgement, a defective or imperfect sorrow for sin; any as because of bias. gradual wearing or weakening esp to the point of exhaustion; loss of personnel from an orga352. astral: belonging to the stars. nization in the normal course of events, as by retirement. 353. astringent: that contracts the body tissues and checks secretions, capillary bleeding,etc; 371. atypical: not typical. styptic; having a harsh biting quality. 354. astrolabe: astronomical instrument. 372. audacity: boldness; erontery; presumption; arrogance; assurance.

355. astute: clever, discerning, sagacious; [Opp.] obtuse, stolid, dull. 373. audit: 1) a formal, often periodic examination and checking of accounts or nancial records 356. astute: sagacious; shrewd; having keen disto verify their correctness; 2) a settlement or cernment. adjustment of accounts. 357. asunder: into parts or pieces; apart or sepa374. augurs: a diviner; soothsayer. rate in direction or position. 358. asylum: 1) a place where one is safe and se- 375. augury: 1) divination from omens; 2) an omen; portent; indication. cure; refuge; 2) the protection given by a sanctuary or refuge or by one country to refugees from another country; 3) an institution for the 376. august: 1) inspiring awe and reverence; imposing and magnicent; 2) worthy of respect care of the mentally ill, or of the aged, the poor because of age and dignity, high position, etc; etc. venerable. 359. asyndeton: omission of conjunctions. 377. aura: subtle emanation; air; distinctive char360. atavistic: appearance of ancestral but not acter. parental characteristics. 378. aureole: a radiance encircling the head or 361. atemporal: independent of or unaected by body, as in religious paintings; halo; glory; time; timeless. the illuminated area around the sun etc, as when seen in a mist or during an eclipse; suns 362. atheist: a person who believes that there is corona. no God. 363. atonal: out of tune; not referred to any scale 379. auscultation: the art of discovering the conor tonic. dition of the lungs and heart by applying the ear of the stethoscope. 364. atone: 1) to make amends or reparation (for a wrongdoing etc). 380. austere: 1) having a severe or stern look, 365. atrabilious: melancholy. 366. atrocity: 1) atrocious behaviour or condition; brutality, cruelty etc. 13

manner, etc; forbidding; 2) showing strict selfdiscipline and self-denial; ascetic; 3) very plain; lacking ornament or luxury [austere surroundings].

381. authenticate: 1) to make authentic or valid; 396. avocation: sth done in addition to a vocation 2) to establish the truth of; verify; 3) to prove or regular work, and usu for pleasure; hobby. to be genuine or as represented. 397. avowal: a positive declaration; an acknowl382. authoritarian: believing in, relating to , edgement; a frank confession. characterized by, or enforcing unquestioning obedience to authority, as that of a dictator, 398. avuncular: 1) of an uncle; 2) having traits considered typical of uncles; jolly, indulgent, rather than individual freedom of judgement stodgy, etc. and action. 383. autism: absorption in self-centered subjective 399. awl: a small, pointed tool for making holes in wood, leather, etc. mental activity usu accompanied by marked withdrawal from reality. 400. awry: askew; with a twist to a side; wrong; amiss. 384. autocrat: 1) a ruler with absolute power; dictator; despot; 2) anyone having unlimited 401. axiom: 1) a statement universally accepted as power over others; 3) any domineering, selftrue; maxim; 2) an established principle or law willed person. of a science, art etc. 385. autodidacts: self taught. 402. azure: of faint blue sky color. 386. automaton: 1) ath that can move or act of 403. azygous: single. itself; 2) a mechanism that is relatively self operating, esp robot. 404. bacchanalia: a drunken party; orgy. 387. autopsy: 1) an examination and dissection of 405. badger: to harass or annoy persistently. a dead body to discover the cause of death, damage done by disease, etc; post-mortem; 2) 406. badinage: light playful talk; banter. a detailed critical analysis of a book, play, etc, 407. bagatelle: a trie; a piece of music played in or of some event. a light style. 388. auxiliary: 1) giving help or aid; assisting or 408. bait: 1) to torment or harass with unprosupporting; 2) acting in a subsidiary, or suborvoked, vicious, repeated attacks; 2) to tease or dinate capacity; 3) additional; supplementary; goad esp so as to provoke reaction; 3) to put reserve. food etc on (a hook or trap) to lure animals or sh. 389. avaricious: greedy;miserly; parsimonious; penurious; stingy. 409. baize: a coarse woollen cloth. 390. avariciousness: parsimonious, niggardly, 410. baldric: belt for sword. penurious, greediness; [Opp.] bountiful, municent, generous. 411. baleen: whalebone. 391. aver: to declare to be true. 392. averse: reluctant; disinclined. 412. baleful: malignant; hurtful; sorrowful.

413. balk: 1) to obstruct or thwart; foil; 2) to stop and obstinately refuse to move or act; 3) to 393. aviary: a large cage or building for keeping hesitate or recoil (at). many birds. 394. avid: having an intense craving; greedy; eager 414. balm: 1) any fragrant ointment or aromatic oil for healing or anointing; 2) ath healing or and enthusiastic. soothing, esp to the mind or temper [sleep was 395. avocation: a diversion or distraction from a to his troubles]; 3) pleasant odor; fraones regular occupation. grance. 14

415. balmy: having the qualities of balm; soothing, 428. barrage: 1) a curtain of artillery re laid mild, pleasant, etc [a balmy day]. down to keep enemy forces from moving, or; to cover or prepare the way for ones own forces, 416. balustrade: a small pillar supporting a stair esp in attack; 2) a heavy, prolonged attack of rail; railing. words, blows, etc. 417. banal: commonplace; trivial; trite; insipid. 418. bane: the cause of distress, death, or ruin. 429. barrage: a man-made barrier in a stream, river, etc to deepen the water or channel it; for irrigation; dam.

419. banter: to joke or jest; to assail with good 430. barratry: a kind of fraud. humored raillery. 431. barrier: bulwark, barricade, rampart; [Opp.] opening, transit, way. 420. barb: 1) a thin, somewhat beardlike growth near the mouth of certain animals, as the; bar- 432. barrister: in England, a qualied member of bel of a sh; 2) a piece of linen for covering the the legal profession who presents and; pleads throat and sometimes the chin worn by nuns; cases in court; counselor-at-law. 3) a sharp point curving or projecting in an opposite direction from the main; point of a 433. barter: to trade by exchanging goods or sersh-hook, harpoon, arrow etc; 4) sharpness; vices without using money. sting [the of his wit made us wince]; 5) a cutting remark; 6) one of the hairlike branches 434. bask: 1) to warm oneself pleasantly, as in the sunlight; 2) to enjoy a warm or pleasant feeling growing from the shaft of a feather. from being in a certain environment or; situation [to bask in someones favor]. 421. barbate: bearded. 422. bard: 1) any of various national minstrels or 435. bastion: a kind of tower or fortication; (guratively defense) epic poets; a poet. 436. bate: to abate, lessen, lower, etc. 423. barefaced: 1) with the face uncovered, unmasked, beardless; 2) unconcealed; open; 3) 437. bathos: ludicrous descent from the elevated shameless; brazen; audacious. to the mean in writing or speech. 424. baritone: deep toned male voice between bass 438. batiste: a ne fabric of linen, cotton or wool. and tenor (eg Amitabhs voice). 439. batten: to grow fat. 425. barnacle: shell-bearing sea animal. 440. bauble: a triing piece of nery; a childs plaything. 426. baroque: 1) of, characteristic of or like a style of art and architecture characterized; by much 441. bawdy: indecent or humorously coarse; lewd. ornamentation and curved rather than straight lines; 2) of, characteristic of, or like a style 442. beatic: blissful. of music characterized by highly; embellished melodies and fugal or contrapuntal forms; 3) 443. beatitude: heavenly happiness. designating or of the period in which these 444. bedizen: to dress or decorate in a cheap, styles ourished( 1600-1750); 4) fantastically showy way. overdecorated; gaudily ornate; 5) irregular in shape said of pearls; something so ornate as to 445. bedlam: an asylum for lunatics; a madhouse. be in bad taste. 446. bedraggle: to soil by dragging in the wet or 427. barouche: carriage. dirt; gen for a pathetic condition. 15

447. bedrock: 1) a secure foundation; 2) the very 463. belittle: to make seem little, less important bottom; 3) basic principles or facts. etc; speak slightingly of; depreciate. 448. beech: a common forest tree (silvery bark 464. bellicose: warlike; contentious. etc). 465. belligerent: 1) at war; designating or of a 449. befogged: to obscure. state recognized under international law as; being engaged in a war; 2) inclined to or ex450. beget: 1) to be the father or sire of; procreate; hibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combative2) to bring into being; produce [tyranny s ness. rebellion]. 451. begrudge: 1) to feel ill will or resentment 466. bellwether: leader. at the possession or employment of (sth) by; 467. bemused: to put in confusion; stupefy. another [to begrudge anothers fortune]; 2) to give with ill will or reluctance [he begrudges 468. benediction: a blessing; a solemn invocation her every cent]; 3) to regard with displeasure of the divine blessing on men or things. or disapproval. 469. benefactor: a person who has given help, esp 452. beguile: to cheat or deceive; to pass with nancial help; patron. diversion of attention from ath tedious or 470. benecence: active goodness; kindness; charpainful. ity. 453. behemoth: an animal or thing that is huge or very powerful. 471. beneciary: 1) anyone receiving benet; 2) a person named to receive the income or in454. beholden: obliged to feel grateful; owing heritance from a will, insurance policy, trust thanks; indebted. etc. 455. behoove: to be necessary for or incumbent 472. benighted: overtaken by night; involved in upon [it behooves you to think for yourself]. darkness intellectual or moral. 456. belabor: 1) to beat severely; hit or whip; 2) 473. benign: 1) good-natured; kindly; 2) favorto attack with words; scold; 3) to spend too able; benecial; 3) doing little or no harm; not much time and eort on; develop in too great malignant. detail [to belabor the issue]. 474. benison: benediction; blessing. 457. belated: late or too late; tardy. 458. beldam: a hag; a grandmother or remoter an- 475. bequeathal: to transmit to posterity; to commit or entrust to anyone. cestress. 459. beleaguer: 1) to besiege by encircling, as with 476. berate: to scold or chide vigorously. an army; 2) to beset, as with diculties; ha477. bereave: 1) to deprive or rob; dispossess: now rass. usually in the pp, bereft [she was bereft of hope or; happiness]; 2) to leave in a sad or lonely 460. belesprit: in good spirits. state, as by loss or death. 461. belgard: a fair or kind look. 478. bereft: deprived by death of some dear rela462. belie: 1) to give a false idea of; disguise or tive or friend; snatched away. misrepresent [his smile s his anger]; 2) to leave unfullled; disappoint [war d hopes for 479. beset: 1) to cover or set thickly with; stud; 2) peace]; 3) to show to be untrue; prove false to attack from all sides; harass or besiege; 3) [her cruelty d her kind words]. to surround or hem in. 16

480. besmirch: to soil as with smoke or soot; to 502. bivouac: the resting of soldiers in open air at bring to dishonor, sully. night. 481. besotted: to make dull, sottish, or stupid; 503. blanch: 1) to make white; take color out of; infatuated. to make pale. 482. bespeak: engage in advance. 483. 504. bland: 1) pleasantly smooth in manner; suave; 2) mild and soothing; not sharp, harsh bestow: 1) to give or present as a gift : often etc. with on or upon; 2) to apply; devote [to much time on a project]. 505. blandish: to atter or coax in persuading; cajole. betrothal: mutual pledge to marry; engagement. 506. blase: having indulged in pleasure so much as to be unexcited by it; satiated and bored. bevy: 1) a group, esp of girls or women; 2) a ock : now chiey of quail; 3) any group or 507. blasphemy: impious or profane speaking. collection. 508. blatant: glaringly obvious; calumniously bezel: edge of a cutting tool. clamorous; egregiously vulgar. 509. bleak: dreary, desolate, dismal; [Opp.] bright, cheerful, balmy. 510. bleary: dim; esp from fatigue or sleep.

484. 485.

486.

487. bibelot: trinket; a small decorative object. 488. bibulous: addicted to drink. 489. bicameral: having two legislative chambers.

490. bicker: to contend in a petty way; a ght or 511. blight: 1) any atmospheric or soil condition, parasite, or insect that kills,; withers, or checks quarrel. the growth of plants; 2) any of several plant diseases, as rust, mildew, or smut; 3) anything 491. biddable: tractable. that destroys, prevents growth, or causes de492. bifurcated: having two branches or peaks; valuation [slums are a; blight on a city]; 4) forked. a person or thing that withers ones hopes or ambitions. 493. bight: bay. 512. blighted: injured; destroyed; depressed; frus494. bigotry: blind or excessive zeal esp in relitrated. gious manners; intolerance; prejudice. 513. blithe: jocund; cheerful; sprightly. 495. bijoux: a jewel; something delicate and exquisitely wrought. 514. bloated: 1) to swell, as with water or air; 2) 496. bilboes: fetters. 497. bilge: the broadest part of a ships bottom. to pu up, as with pride. 515. blowhard: a loudly boastful person.

498. bilious: 1) having or resulting from some ail- 516. bludgeon: a short club with a thick, heavy, or loaded end. ment of the bile or the liver. 499. bilk: swindle; frustrate; defraud. 517. bluestocking: a learned lady esp one inclining to pedantry.

500. bipartisan: consisting of members of two par518. blu: 1) a high, steep, broad-faced bank or ties. cli; 2) having a rough and frank but aable 501. bittern: marsh bird. manner. 17

519. blu: 1) to mislead or seek to mislead (a per- 540. boustrophedonic: alternately from left to son) by a false, bold front; 2) to frighten (a right and right to left. person) by threats not intended to be carried 541. bovine: 1) of an ox; 2) having ox-like qualout. ities; thought of as ox-like; slow,dull, stupid, 520. blurb: a publishers commendatory descripstolid, etc. tion of a book commonly printed on the jacket. 542. bowdlerize: to remove passages considered 521. blurt: to say suddenly, without stopping to oensive from (a book, play, etc); expurgate. think: often with out. 543. brachylogy: condensed expression. 522. blustered: to bully or swagger. 523. bode: to be an omen of; presage. 524. bogus: not genuine; spurious. 544. brackish: 1) somewhat salty, as the water of some marshes near the sea; 2) having an unpleasant taste; nauseating.

525. bolster: 1) a long, narrow cushion or pillow; 545. braggadocio: empty boasting; braggart or 2) a soft pad for easing pressure on any part boaster. of the body; 3) to support, strengthen or reinforce. 546. brandish: to wave or ourish as a weapon. 526. bombast: talk or writing that sounds grand 547. bravado: pretended courage or deant conor important but has little meaning; pompous dence where there is little or none. language. 548. brawn: strong, well-developed muscles; mus527. bonade: genuine. cular strength. 528. bonhomie: easy good nature. 549. brazen: bold or reckless; 529. boon: 1) welcome benet; blessing; 2) merry?. 550. brazier: a vessel or tray for hot coals. 530. boor: crude; peasant; coarse or awkward per551. breakwater: a barrier against force of waves. son; yokel; churl. 531. bootlegging: illicit distillation of liquor. 552. breviary: prayer book.

532. bosky: woody; bushy; shady; (colloq) some- 553. brevity: shortness of duration; esp, shortness what tipsy. or conciseness of expression. 533. bosun: boatswain. 534. bouillon: a clear broth, usually of beef. 554. bridle: any curb or restraint; a head(like me)movement expressing scorn or vanity.

535. boulevard: a promenade bordered with trees. 555. brindle: marked with spots or streaks (of a darker color). 536. bounteous: bountiful. 537. bountiful: 1) giving freely and graciously; 556. brinkmanship: the art or practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the generous; 2) provided in abundance; plentiful. limit of safety esp to force a desired outcome. 538. bourasque: a tempest. 557. brittle: 1) easily broken or shattered because 539. bourgeois: 1a) a self employed person, as a hard and inexible; 2) having a sharp, hard shopkeeper or businessman; 1b) a member of quality; 3) sti and unbending in manner; lackthe bourgeoisie or middle class; 2) a person ing warmth. whose, beliefs, attitudes and practices are conventionally middle class. 558. broached: to open up or begin. 18

559. broadsheet: a sheet of paper printed on one 578. bureaucracy: 1) the administration of govside containing a proclamation or popular maternment thru departments and subdivisions ter. managed by sets of appointed ocials following an inexible routine; 2) the ocials collec560. broadside: the side of a ship; all the guns on tively. one side of a ship of war; also broadsheet. 579. burgeon: 1) to put forth buds, shoots, etc; 561. brocade: a rich cloth with a raised design, as sprout; 2) to grow or develop rapidly; expand; of silk, velvet, gold, or silver, woven into it. proliferate; ourish [the burgeoning suburbs]. 562. brochure: a pamphlet, esp one promoting or 580. burgess: a member of a privileged class in a advertising something. town; 563. brooch: an ornament that is held by a pin or 581. burgher: a townsman;. clasp and is worn at or near the neck. 582. burlesque: ludicrous imitation;. 564. brook: to put up with; endure: usually in the 583. burnish: to make or become shiny by rubnegative [I will brook no interference]. bing; polish. 565. browbeat: to intimidate with harsh, stern 584. buttress: 1) a projecting structure, generally looks and talk; bully. of brick or stone, built against a wall to sup566. brumal: wintry. port or reinforce it; 2) anything like a buttress; support or prop. 567. brummagem: tinsel. 585. buxom: having a shapely, full-bosomed g568. brusquely: curtly; roughly. ure: said of a woman or girl. 569. buccal: of or pertaining to the mouth or 586. cabal: small party united for some secret decheeks. sign; the plot or scheme itself. 570. bucolic: pertaining to the tending of cattle; 587. pastoral; rustic. 588. 571. buoon: a person who is always clowning and trying to be funny; clown. 572. bugaboo: bugbear;. cabala: mystical doctrine. cache: 1) a place in which stores of food, supplies, etc, are hidden, as by explorers or trappers; 2) a safe place for hiding or storing things; 3) ath stored or hidden in such a place.

589. cachet: a seal; any distinctive stamp; a cap573. bugbear: 1) an imaginary hobgoblin or terror sule enclosing a medicine. used to frighten children into good conduct; 2) anything causing seemingly needless or exces- 590. cachinnation: loud laughter. sive fear or anxiety; 3) imaginary; bane; alarm; 591. cacophony: harsh, jarring sound; dissonance. fear. 574. bullion: 1) gold and silver regarded as raw 592. cadaverous: pale; deathly; sickly looking; gaunt; corpse like. material; 2) gold or silver in the form of ingots, bars, or sometimes coins. 593. cadence: 1) fall of the voice in speaking; 2) inection or modulation in tone; 3) any rhyth575. bulwark: the side of the ship projecting above mic ow of sound; 4) measured movement, as the deck; a fortication or rampart. in dancing or marching, or the beat of such 576. bumptiousness: oensively self important. movement. 577. bungle: to spoil by clumsy work or action; 594. cadge: To intrude or live on another meanly, botch. or beg. 19

595. cadger: idler; beggar; huckster. 596. caesura: rhythmic break. 597. caiti: a person of low character.

615. canard: a false rumor; a false esp malicious report that has been fabricated with the intention of doing harm. 616. cancel: rescind, abrogate, annul; to endorse, enforce, ratify.

598. cajole: to coax with attery and insincere talk; wheedle. 617. candent: glowing; white hot.

599. calamity: 1) deep trouble or misery; 2) any 618. candor: openness; frankness in expressing extreme misfortune bringing great loss and soroneself; the quality of being fair and unprejrow; disaster. udiced and impartial. 600. calefaction: increase of temperature; igni- 619. canker: 1) ath that corrupts or gradually detion; inammation. stroys; 2) an ulcerlike sore, esp in the mouth : thought to be an immune reaction. 601. calescent: growing warm. 620. canny: careful and shrewd in ones actions 602. caliber: degree of worth or value of a person and dealings; clever and cautious; careful, pruor thing; quality or ability. dent : with money; thrifty. 603. caliginous: misty. 621. canon: a regulation or dogma decreed by a church council; the authentic works of a writer; 604. calk: to render watertight; sailor slangto law?. snooze. 605. calligraphy: 1) beautiful handwriting, esp as 622. cant: beveled; to set at an angle; tilt; to pitch to one side; lean; slope;inclined. an art; 2) handwriting; penmanship. 606. callous: insensible, obdurate, unfeeling; com- 623. cant: lively; lusty. passionate, indulgent, tender. 624. cant: the expression or repetition of conventional or trite opinions or sentiments esp the 607. callous: lacking pity, mercy etc; unfeeling; insincere use of pious words. thick and hardened. 608. callow: raw; inexperienced (note sense!); low lying and liable to be submerged; still lacking the feathers needed for ying; unedged. 609. caloric: producing heat. 625. cant: to talk or beg in a whining or sing-song manner; to speak in cant or jargon; to talk hypocritically. 626. cantankerous: temper. cross-grained; perverse in

610. calumny: defamation, libel, detraction, as627. cantata: a musical composition consisting of persion; laudation, commendation, goodwill. vocal solos, choruses etc, often with instrumental accompaniment, used as a setting for 611. calumny: false accusation; slander. a story to be sung not acted. 612. camaraderie: loyalty and warm, friendly feel628. canto: any of the main divisions of certain ing among comrades; comradeship. long poems, corresponding to the chapters of 613. camber: curve upwards. a book. 614. cameo: 1) a minor but well dened role in 629. canvass: 1) to examine or discuss in detail; a play, movie, etc, esp by a notable actor; 1) look over carefully; 2) to go through (places) a ne bit of descriptive writing other horrid or among (people) asking for (votes, opinions, meanings in the dictionary. orders, etc). 20

630. capacious: having a large capacity; roomy; 645. caricature: 1) a picture or imitation of a perspacious. son, literary style, etc in which certain; features or mannerisms are exaggerated for satir631. caparisoned: the covering of a horse; rich ical eect; 2) a likeness or imitation that is so cloth over war horse. distorted or inferior as to seem ludicrous. 632. capillary: 1) of or like a hair, esp in being 646. carillon: 1) a set of stationary bells, each very slender; 2) having a very small bore. producing one tone of the chromatic scale; now usu sounded by means of a keyboard; 2) 633. capitulate: to treaty; to draw up terms of a smaller instrument imitating this electroniagreement; to surrender conditionally. cally usu by amplifying the; sounds made by striking metal tubes, bars, etc. 634. caprice: a change of humor or opinion without reason; a freak changeableness. 647. carious: decayed (link to carrion!). 635. caption: 1a) a heading or title, as of an article; 1b) a descriptive title, or legend, as un- 648. carnage: bloody and extensive slaughter, esp in battle; massacre; bloodshed. der the illustration; 2b) a heading showing the names of the parties, court and docket number 649. carousal: festivities; drinking and dancing; a in a pleading or deposition. noisy merry drinking party. 636. captious: petulant, censorious, carping, fret650. carp: to catch at small faults and errors. ful; encouraging, complementary, approving. 637. captious: ready to catch at faults and take 651. carping: biting; venomous; to complain or nd fault in a petty or nagging way. oense; quibbling; carping; made only for the sake of argument or fault nding. 652. carrefour: crossroads; square, plaza. 638. carafe: a glass bottle for serving wine, water 653. carrion: the decaying esh of a dead body esp or coee. when regarded as food for scavenging animals; ath very disgusting or repulsive. 639. carapace: the horny, protective covering over all or part of the back of certain animals, as 654. caryatid: column in the shape of a female the upper shell of the turtle, armadillo etc. gure. 640. carat: 1) a unit of weight for precious stones and pearls, equal to 200 milligrams; 2) one 655. cascade: 1) a small steep waterfall, esp one of a series; 2) ath suggesting this, as a shower of 24th part (of pure gold) [14-carat gold is 14 sparks or an arrangement of lace or drapery in parts pure gold and 10 parts alloy]. rippling folds; 3) ath connected in a series. 641. carcinogenic: any substance that produces 656. cassock: robe worn by a priest. cancer. 642. carcinoma: a cancer. 657. caste: 1) any exclusive and restrictive social or occupational class or group; 2) rigid class 643. cardinal: 1) of main importance; principal; distinction based or birth, wealth, etc, operatchief; 2) bright-red, like the robe of a cardinal. ing as a social system or principle. 644. careen: 1) to cause (a ship) to lean or lie on 658. castellated: having turrets and battlements one side, as on a beach, so that the; bottom like a castle. can be cleaned, repaired etc; 2) to cause to lean sideways, tip, tilt; 3) to lurch from side to 659. castigate: to punish or rebuke severely, esp side, esp when moving rapidly. by harsh public criticism. 21

660. casualty: 1) an accident esp a fatal one; 2) 674. caulk: 1) to stop up (the cracks, seams,etc) anyone hurt or killed in an accident; 3) ath of (a window frame, boat, etc) as with a putty lost, destroyed, or made useless by some unlike sealant or oakum; 2) to make (a joint of fortunate or unforeseen happening. overlapping plates) tight by hammering the edge of one plate into the side of the other. 661. cataclysmic: a debacle; deluge; any great upheaval that causes sudden and violent changes 675. causal: 1) of a cause or causes; 2) being or involving a cause; 3) relating to cause and eect. as earthquake etc. 662. catalyst: 1) any substance serving as the 676. caustic: that can burn, eat away or destroy tissue by chemical action; corrosive; cutting or agent in catalysis; 2) a person or thing acting sarcastic in utterance; biting. as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result. 677. cauterize: to burn with a hot needle, a laser, a caustic substance, or an electric; current, so 663. catapult: 1) an ancient military contrivance as to destroy dead or unwanted tissue, prevent for throwing or shooting stones, spears, etc; 2) the spread of; infection, seal blood vessels etc. a slingshot; 3) to move quickly; leap. 678. cavalcade: a procession of horsemen or car664. cataract: a large waterfall; any strong ood riages; any procession; a sequence or series of or rush of water. events. 665. catechism: 1) a handbook of questions and 679. cavil: to make empty triing objections; to answers for teaching the principles of a reliuse false arguments. gion; 2) any similar handbook for teaching the 680. cede: to give up ones rights in; surrender forfundamentals of a subject. mally; to transfer the title of ownership of. 666. categorical: without qualications or conditions; absolute; positive; direct; explicit: said 681. celerity: swiftness in acting or moving; speed. of a statement, theory, etc. 682. celestial: 1) of or in the sky or universe, as planets, stars, etc; 2a) of heaven; divine; 2b) 667. categorically: unqualiedly. of the nest or highest kind [ bliss]. 668. catenary: type of a suspended cable. 683. celibate: 1) an unmarried person, esp one under a vow to remain unmarried; 2) one who 669. catharsis: 1) purgation, esp of the bowels; 2) abstains from sexual intercourse. the purifying of the emotions or relieving of emotional tensions; 3) the alleviation of fear, 684. cenobite: monk living communally. problems, and complexes by bringing them to 685. cenotaph: a sepulchral monument without a consciousness or giving them expression. burial; empty tomb. 670. cathartic: a medicine for stimulating evacua686. censorious: expressing censure; inclined to tion of bowels; purgative. nd fault; harshly critical. 671. catholic: 1) of general scope or value; all- 687. censure: to express strong disapproval of; inclusive; universal; 2) broad in sympathies, condemn as wrong. tastes, or understanding; liberal; 3) of the 688. centrifugal: moving or tending to move away Christian church headed by the Pope. from the center (as opposed to centripetal?). 672. caucus: a closed meeting of a group of persons belonging to the same political party or faction 689. centrifuge: a machine using centrifugal force to separate particles of varying density, as usu to select candidates or to decide on policy. cream from milk, or to draw o moisture, as 673. caudle: warm drink for invalids. in a washing machine. 22

690. centurion: the commanding ocer of an an- 708. chaperon: one who accompanies a lady for protection or appearances sake. cient Roman century. 691. cerebral: of the brain or cerebrum; appealing 709. charisma: a divinely inspired gift, grace or to, or conceived by the intellect rather than talent as for prophesying, healing etc; a special the emotions. quality of leadership that captures the popular imagination; a special charm or allure that 692. cerebrate: to use ones brain; think. inspires fascination or devotion. 693. ceremonious: 1) ceremonial; 2) full of cere- 710. charlatan: a person who pretends to have exmony; 3) char by conventional usages or forpert knowledge or skill that he does not have; mality; 4) excessively formal or proper. fake; mountebank. 694. certitude: certainty; the state of being or 711. chary: not taking chances; careful; cautious; feeling certain. not giving freely; sparing (chary of his hospitality). 695. cessation: a ceasing or stopping, either forever or for some time. 712. chase: to make a groove or furrow in; indent. 696. cession: a ceding or giving up ( of rights, 713. chase: to ornament (metal) by engraving, emproperty, territory etc) to another. bossing etc. 697. chafe: to rub so as to stimulate or make warm; to wear away by rubbing; to irritate or make 714. chasm: 1) a deep crack in the earths surface; abyss; narrow gorge; 2) any break or gap ; 3) a sore by rubbing; to annoy, irritate. wide divergence of feelings, sentiments, interests, etc; rift. 698. cha: the husks of wheat or other grain separated in thrashing or winnowing; ne cut hay or straw used as fodder; ath worthless; 715. chassis: the part of a motor vehicle that includes the engine, the frame, suspension systiny strips of metal foil used to confuse enemy tem, wheels, steering mechanism, etc but not radar. the body. 699. cha: to tease or ridicule in a good natured 716. chaste: not indulging in unlawful sexual acway. tivity; virtuous; sexually abstinent; celibate; 700. chaer: haggle. pure, decent or modest in nature, behaviour etc; restrained and simple in style; not ornate. 701. chagrin: vexation; annoyance; a feeling of embarrassment and annoyance because one has 717. chasten: 1) to punish in order to correct or failed or been disappointed; mortication. make better; chastise; 2) to restrain from excess; subdue; 3) to make purer in style; rene. 702. chalice: 1) a cup; goblet; 2) the cup or wine of Holy Communion; 3) a cup shaped ower 718. chastise: 1) to punish, esp by beating; 2) to there is some one called chalis too. scold or condemn sharply. 703. chameleon: 1) a changeable or ckle person. 719. chasuble: ecclesiastical garment. 704. chamois: a goat like antelope. 705. champion: to ght for; defend; support. 706. chanticleer: cock. 707. chaparral: thicket. 720. chattel: any kind of property which is not freehold. 721. chauvinistic: an absurdly extravagant pride in ones country with a corresponding contempt for foreign nations 23

722. checkered: 1) having a pattern of squares; 740. circlet: a small circle; a ring or circular band 2) varied by the use of color and shading; worn as an ornament esp on the head. 3) marked by diversied features or by varied 741. circuitous: roundabout; indirect; devious. events, some unpleasant [ a career]. 723. cherubic: 1) a person, esp a child, with a 742. circumjacence: ambience; environment; encompassment. sweet, innocent face; 2) a representation of one of the cherubim as, in early art, a winged angel 743. circumlocution: verbiage, verbosity, redunclothed in red or later, a chubby, rosy-faced dancy, periphrasis; terseness, succinctness, child with wings. brevity. 724. chiaroscuro: management of light and shade 744. circumscription: the act of limiting; rein a picture. straining the action of; to conne. 725. chiastic: type of inverted word order. 745. circumspect: looking around on all sides watchfully. 726. chicanery: trickery or artice esp in legal proceedings; quibbling. 746. circumvent: to surround or circle around; to 727. chimerical: wildly fanciful; unreal; imagisurround or encircle with evils, enmity etc, ennary. trap; to get the better of or prevent from happening by craft or ingenuity. 728. chine: backbone. 747. citadel: a fortress on a commanding height for 729. chiromancy: palmistry. defense of a city; a fortied place; stronghold; a place of safety; refuge. 730. chitterling: part of the small intestine. 731. choleric: full or choler (anger); passionate; 748. cite: 1) to summon to appear before a court of law; 2) to quote (a passage, book, speech, bilious. writer, etc); 3) to refer to or mention as a way 732. choreography: 1) dancing, esp ballet dancof example, proof, or precedent. ing; 2) the arrangement of the written notation of the movements of a dance, esp of a ballet; 749. civil: 1) of a citizen or citizens; 2) of a community of citizens, their govt, or their interre3) the art of devising dances, esp ballets. lations [ service, war etc]; 3) polite or cour733. chronicle: 1) a historical record or register of teous, esp in a merely formal way. facts or events arranged in the order in which they happened; 2) a narrative; history. 750. clairvoyance: 1) the supposed ability to perceive things that are not in sight or that cannot 734. chutzpah: shameless audacity; impudence; be seen; 2) keen perception or insight. brass. 751. clairvoyance: 1) the supposed ability to per735. cicatrix: scar tissue. ceive things that are not in sight or that cannot be seen; 2) keen perception or insight. 736. cinerary: pertaining to ashes. 737. cinnabar: bright-red mineral. 752. clamber: to climb with eort or clumsily, esp by using the hands as well as the feet.

738. cipher: 1) the symbol 0, indicating a value of naught, zero; 2) a person or thing of no im- 753. clammy: moist; cold damp. portance or value; nonentity; 3a) a system of secret writing based on a key, or set of prede- 754. clamor: 1) a loud outcry, uproar; 2) a vehement continued expression of the general feeltermined rules or symbols. ing or public opinion; loud demand or com739. circa: about; around. plaint. 24

755. clandestine: concealed or hidden; surrepti- 775. cockatrice: fabulous serpent. tious; furtive; kept secret or hidden esp for il776. coda: a more or less independent passage licit purpose. added to the end of a section or composition 756. clapper: a thing that makes a clapping sound, so as to reinforce the sense of conclusion. as the tongue of a bell or, facetiously, that of 777. coddle: to cook (esp eggs in the shell) gena garrulous person. tly by heating in water not quite at boiling 757. clarion: strong or loud; bugle like instrument. temperature; to treat (an invalid, baby etc) tenderly. 758. clavicle: a bone connecting the sternum with the scapula; collar bone. 778. codicil: a supplement to a will that changes, 759. claymore: broad sword. explains, revokes or adds provisions; appendix, supplement.

760. cleave: 1) to divide by a blow, as with an axe 779. codify: to arrange (laws, rules etc) systemat: split; 2) to pierce; 3) to sever : disunite. ically. 761. cleft: 1) an opening made by or as by cleaving : crack, crevice; 2) a hollow between two parts. 780. coercive: with power to compel. 762. clemency: mildness; readiness to forgive. 763. cliche: hackneyed; a stereo-typed phrase. 782. coer: a chest for holding money or treasure. 764. clientele: all ones clients or customers collectively. 783. cog: any of the series of teeth on the rim of a wheel, for transmitting or receiving motion 765. climactic: of, constituting, or in the order of by tting between the teeth of another wheel; a climax. gear tooth. 766. clime: a region or realm esp with reference to 784. cogent: powerful; convincing; forceful and to its climate. the point as a reason or argument. 767. clime: a region or realm, esp with reference 785. cogitate: to turn a thing over in ones mind; to its climate. to ponder; 768. clique: a small exclusive circle of people; 786. cognate: related by family; having the same snobbish or narrow coterie. ancestor; having the same nature or quality; 769. cloister: a place of religious retirement; to related thru the same source; derived from a conne within walls. common original form (as in cognate words of di langs and cognate languages). 770. clout: 1) a blow with or as with the hand : rap; 2) [Now Chiey Dial] to patch or mend 787. cognition: the process of knowing in the coarsely. broadest sense. including perception, memory, and judgement. 771. cloy: to disgust; to cause distaste from excess. 772. coadjutor: assistant. 788. cognitive: capable of cognition (ie knowing, quick understanding). 781. coeval: of the same age or period; contemporary.

773. coagulate: to cause (a liquid) to become a 789. cognizance: 1) perception or knowledge; esp soft, semi solid mass; curdle; clot. the range of knowledge possible thru observation; 2) ocial observation of or authority over 774. coalesce: to grow together or to unite into one body (root of coalition). sth. 25

790. cohere: 1) stick together; 2) to be connected 805. collusion: a secret agreement to deceive. naturally or logically, as by a common princi806. colophon: publishers ornamental device; An ple : be consistent. inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and date of publication, printers 791. cohort: any band of men esp warriors. name, etc., formerly placed on the last page 792. coiure: a headdress; a style of arranging of a book. hair. 807. colossus: 1) a gigantic statue; 2) any huge or 793. coincident: 1) occurring at the same time; important person or thing. 2) taking up the same position in the space at the same time; 3) in agreement; similar or 808. comatose: 1) of, like, or in a coma or stupor; 2) characterized by lethargic inertness; torpid identical [when desire and need are ]. [a comatose economy]. 794. colander: a perforated pan, usu bowl-shaped, 809. combatively: aggressively; in ghting spirit; for draining o liquids, as in washing veg. 795. coliseum: a large place of entertainment. 810. comely: pleasant to look at; attractive; fair.

796. collaborate: 1) to work together, esp in some 811. comely: pleasing; graceful. literary, artistic, or scientic undertaking; 2) 812. comestible: eatable; food. to cooperate with an enemy invader. 813. comeuppance: a deserved rebuke or penalty; 797. collage: 1) an art form in which bits of objects deserts. such as newspaper, cloth, pressed; owers, etc are pasted together on a surface in incongruous 814. comity: courteousness; civility. relationship for; their symbolic or suggestive eect; 2) any collection of seemingly unrelated 815. commandeer: to compel to military service; to take arbitrarily. bits and parts, as in a photomontage. 798. collate: to bring together for comparison. 799. 816. commemorate: to honor the memory of as by a ceremony; to keep alive the memory of; collateral: 1) parallel in time, rank, imporserve as a memorial to. tance, etc; corresponding; 2) accompanying or existing in a subordinate, corroborative, or in- 817. commensurate: 1) equal in measure or size; coextensive; 2) corresponding in extent or dedirect; relationship; 3a) designating or of segree; proportionate; 3) measurable by the curity given as a pledge for the fulllment of same standard or measure;specif, designatan; obligation; 3b) secured or guaranteed by ing two quantities having a common measure property, as stocks, bonds etc. which is contained an integral number of times collation: bringing together for examination in each. and comparison; a repast between meals. 818. commination: threatening; denunciation. collop: small piece of meat. 819. commiserate: to feel or show sorrow or pity colloquial: 1) designating or of the words, for. phrases, and idioms characteristic of informal oering plenty of room; speech and writing; informal; 2) having to do 820. commodious: roomy; spacious. with or like conversation; conversational.

800. 801. 802.

803. colloquialism: conversation in the ordinary 821. communal: 1) of a commune or communes; 2) of or belonging to the community; shared, language; used in common conversation. or participated in, by all; 3) designating or of 804. colloquy: a conversation, esp a formal discussocial or economic organization in which there sion; conference. is common ownership of property. 26

822. compact: an agreement between two or more 839. conative: relating to an attempt to perform individuals, states, etc; covenant. action. 823. compelling: irresistibly or keenly interest- 840. concatenation: to chain or link together; to connect in series. ing, attractive, etc; captivating [a compelling drama]. 841. concede: to yield or give up. 824. compendium: a summary or abstract con- 842. conception: 1) that which is conceived, specif taining the essential information in a brief an embryo or fetus; 2) the beginning of some form; concise but comprehensive treatise. process, chain of events, etc; 3) the act, process or power of conceiving mentally; formulation 825. compensate: to make up for; be a counterof ideas, esp of abstractions. balance to in weight, force, etc; 2) to make equivalent or suitable return to; to recom- 843. concert: to arrange or settle by mutual unpense. derstanding; contrive or plan together; devise. 826. complacent: satised, esp self-satised; aa- 844. ble, smug . 845. 827. complaisant: willing to please; aably agree846. able; obliging. 847. 828. complement: 1) that which completes or brings to perfection; 2) the amount or number needed to ll in or complete. 848. 829. compliant: complying or tending to comply; yielding; submissive. 830. complicity: a sharing of wrongdoing. conch: spiral shell. conciliate: to reconcile. conciliatory: making friends; reconciling. concise: brief and to the point; short and clear. conclave: 1) the private meeting of cardinals to elect a pope; 2) any private or secret meeting; 3) any large conference or convention.

831. complicity: complexity; state or condition of 850. concomitant: an accompanying or attendant being an accomplice. condition, circumstance or thing. 832. comply: to act in accordance (with a request, 851. concord: harmony, agreement. order rule etc). 833. comport: to agree; suit; to bear; to behave 852. concordant: harmonious; united. or conduct (oneself) in a specied manner. 853. concordat: agreement.

849. concoct: 1) to make by combining various ingredients; compound; 2) to devise, invent, or plan.

834. composure: calmness of mind or manner; 854. concourse: assembly of persons or things runtranquility; self-possession. ning or drawn together; a large hall; an open space. 835. comprise: 1) to include; contain; 2) consist of, be composed of. 855. concupiscence: burning desire. 836. compunction: a sharp feeling of uneasiness 856. concurring: to coincide; to run together; to agree; to assent. brought on by a sense of guilt; twinge of conscience; remorse; a feeling of slight regret for 857. condescend: 1) to descend voluntarily to the sth done. level, regarded as lower, of the person one is dealing with; be graciously willing to do sth 837. compunction: contrition; regret; remorse;. regarded as beneath ones dignity; deign; 2) to 838. comstockery: over zealous censorship. deal with others in a proud or haughty way. 27

858. condign: deserved; suitable; said esp of pun- 875. congruence: 1) the state or quality of being ishment for wrongdoing. in agreement; correspondence; harmony. 859. condiments: a seasoning or relish for food, 876. conjecture: an inferring, theorizing, or preas pepper, mustard, sauces, etc. dicting from incomplete or uncertain evidence; guesswork 860. condole: to express sympathy; mourn in sympathy; commiserate. 877. conjugal: of marriage or of the relation between husband and wife; matrimonial; connu861. condoned: to forgive; to excuse; to atone for. bial. 862. conduce: to tend or lead (to an eect); con878. tribute. 879. 863. conducive: that conduces to contributes; tending or leading (to). 880. 864. conduit: a channel or pipe conveying water or another uid. 865. confabulations: condential conversations. 866. 867. conjunct: conjoined; joined. connivance: to take no notice; to have a private understanding. connive: to wink as at a fault; to take no notice; to have a private understanding.

868. 869.

870.

881. connoisseur: a person who has expert knowledge and keen discrimination in some eld esp in the ne arts or in matters of taste. condant: a close, trusted friend, to whom one condes intimate matters or secrets. 882. connotation: to signify or suggest meanings, ideas in addition to the explicit primary meanconscate: 1) to seize (private property) for ing. the public treasury, usually as a penalty; 2) to seize by or as by authority; appropriate. 883. connubial: pertaining to marriage. conagration: a big, destructive re. 884. consanguinity: relationship by descent from conuence: 1) a owing together, esp of two the same ancestor; blood relationship; close asor more streams; 2) the place where they join, sociation;liation; agnation; cognation. or a stream formed in this way; 3) a coming 885. conscientious: governed by or made or together as of people; crowd; throng. done according to what one knows is conformity: 1) the condition or fact of beright;scrupulous; honest; showing care and ing in harmony or agreement; correspondence; precision; painstaking. congruity; similarity; 2) action in accordance with customs, rules, prevailing opinion, etc; 886. conscription: compulsory enrollment for service. conventional behaviour. 887. consecrate: to set apart for holy use; to render holy or venerable.

871. congealing: to freeze; to solidify.

872. congenial: 1) kindred; compatible [ tastes]; 2) having the same tastes and temperament; 888. consensus: 1) an opinion held by all or most; 2) general agreement, esp of opinion. friendly; sympathetic [ friends]; 3) suited to ones needs or disposition [ work]. 889. consequential: 1) following as an eect or inuence; 2) important. 873. congenital: 1) existing as such at birth; 2) existing as if inborn; inherent [a cheerful890. conservatory: 1) a room enclosed in glass, for ness]. growing and showing plants; non-commercial 874. conglomeration: varied mixture; collection greenhouse; 2) a school specializing in one of or jumble of things; the ne arts [a music conservatory]. 28

891. consign: 1) to hand over; give up or deliver; 902. contagion: transmission of a disease by direct 2) to put in the care of another; entrust [ contact with an infected person or object. the orphan to her uncles care]; 3) to assign to an undesirable position or place; relegate [ to 903. contemn: despise. oblivion]; 4) to send or deliver as goods to be 904. contemn: to despise. sold. 905. contempt: the feeling or attitude of one who 892. consistency: 1a) the condition of holding tolooks down on somebody or something as begether; rmness or thickness, as of a liquid; ing low, mean, or unworthy; scorn. 1b) amount or degree of this [oil or the wrong ]; 2) agreement; harmony; logical connection 906. contentious: causing lot of disagreements or arguments. [arguments lacking ]; 3) agreement with what has already been done or expressed. 907. context: 1) the parts of a discourse that surround a word or passage and can throw; light 893. consonance: 1) harmony or agreement of eleon its meaning; 2) the whole situation, backments or parts; accord; 2) a pleasing combinaground, or environment relevant to a particution of simultaneous musical sounds; harmony lar; event, personality, creation, etc. of tones. 894. consort: 1) orig, a partner, companion; 2) a 908. contiguous: 1) in physical contact; touching along all or most of one side; 2) near, next or wife or husband; spouse, esp of a reigning king adjacent. or queen. 895. conspire: 1) to plan and act together secretly, 909. continence: self-restraint; moderation; selfrestraint in esp by total abstinence from sexual esp in order to commit a crime; 2) to comactivity. bine or work together for any purpose or eect [events conspired to ruin him]. 910. contingent: 1) that may or may not happen; possible; 2) happening by chance; ac896. consternation: great fear or shock that cidental; fortuitous; 3) unpredictable because makes one feel helpless or bewildered. dependent on chance; 4) a group forming part 897. constituent: 1) necessary in forming or makof a larger group [military ]. ing up a whole; component [a part]; 2) that can or does appoint or vote for a representa- 911. contort: to twist or wrench out of its usual form into one that is grotesque; distort viotive; 3) authorized to make or revise a political lently. constitution or establish a government [a assembly]. 912. contraband: 1) unlawful or prohibited trade; 2) goods forbidden by law to be imported or 898. constraint: 1) a constraining or being conexported; smuggled merchandise. strained; specif a) connement or restriction; b) compulsion or coercion; 2a) a repression of 913. contradistinction: distinction by contrast. natural feelings or behaviour; 2b) forced, unnatural manner; awkwardness. 914. contrapositive: opposition; contrast?. 899. construe: to explain; to interpret; to infer. 915. contrarity: contrast; anti-thesis; antagonism; inversion.

900. consummate: to raise to the highest point; to perfect or nish. 916. contravene: to go against; oppose; conict with; violate [practices contravening an ethi901. consumptive: 1) consuming or tending to cal code]; to disagree with in argument; conconsume; destructive or wasteful; 2) of, havtradict. ing, or relating to tuberculosis of the lungs; 3) a person who has tuberculosis of the lungs. 917. contretemps: an embarrassing situation. 29

918. contrite: feeling sorry; penitent. 919. contrivance: invention; design; artice. 920. contrived: too obviously the result of forethought and planning; not spontaneous or natural.

not natural, original or spontaneous [ behavior]. 931. converge: 1) to come together or tend to come together at a point; 2) to move or be directed toward each other or toward the same place, purpose or result.

921. controvert: 1) to argue or reason against; 932. conversant: familiar or acquainted (with), contradict; deny; dispute 2) to argue about; esp as a result of study or experience; versed debate; discuss. (in). 922. contumacious: opposing lawful authority 933. converse: 1) thing related in a converse way; with contempt; obstinate. the opposite; 2) [Logic] the proposition obtained by conversion. 923. contumely: insolent; harsh language or treatment arising from haughtiness and contempt. 934. converse: 1) to hold a conversation; talk; 2) 924. contuse: to injure without breaking the skin; [Obs] to consort; to interact socially. bruise. 935. convert: 1) to change from one form or use 925. conundrum: 1) any puzzling question or in another; transform; 2) to cause to change problem; 2) a riddle whose answer contains as from one religion, doctrine, or course to ana pun (Ex: Whats the dierence between a other; 3) to exchange for sth equal in value [Re jeweler and a jailor?, One sells watches and to $]. the other watches cells). 936. conveyance: 1) the act of conveying; 2) a 926. conundrum: a riddle turning on some odd means of conveying; carrying device, esp a veor fanciful resemblance between things quite hicle; 3a) the transfer of the ownership of real unlike; any puzzling question. property from one person to another; 3b) the document by which this is eected; deed. 927. convalescent: 1) gradually recovering health after illness; 2) of or having to do with conva- 937. conviction: 1) a convicting or being conlescence [a diet]; a person who is convalescvicted; 2) the state or appearance of being coning. vinced, as of the truth of a belief [to speak with ]; 3) a strong belief. 928. convene: to convoke; to meet together esp for a common purpose. 938. convivial: 1) having to do with a feast or festive activity; 2) fond of eating, drinking and 929. convention: 1a) an assembly, often periodigood company; sociable; jovial. cal, of members or delegates, as of a political; , social, professional or religious group; 1b) the members or delegates of such an assembly; 2a) 939. convoke: to call together; to assemble. an agreement between persons, nations etc [the 940. convoluted: 2) extremely involved; intricate; Geneva , a copyright ]; 2b) general agreecomplicated [ a style]. ment on the usages and practices of social life; [Bohemian revolt against ]; 3) a customary 941. copious: heavy; rich; viscous; thick. practice, rule, method etc. 942. coquetry: irting; attempt to attract admi930. conventional: 1) having to do with a conration without serious aection. vention or assembly; 2) of, sanctioned by, or growing out of custom or usage; customary; 943. coquette: a girl or woman who merely from 3a) depending on or conforming to formal or vanity tries to get mens attention ad admiraaccepted standards or rules rather than nature; tion. 30

944. cordon: 1) a line or circle of police, soldiers, 960. cosmic: 1) of the cosmos; relating to the uniforts. ships etc, stationed around an area to verse as a whole; 2) of the universe exclusive guard it; 2) a cord, ribbon, or braid worn as a of the earth [ dust]; 3) vast; grandiose. decoration or badge. 961. cosset: to fondle; to treat as a pet; to pamper. 945. cormorant: a glutton; web footed sea birds 962. coterie: a social literary or other exclusive of great voracity. circle whose members share a common background; clique. 946. cornice: 1) a horizontal molding projecting along the top of a wall, building, etc; 2) the top 963. countermand: to cancel or revoke ( a compart of an entablature; 3) a projecting, decomand or order); to call back or order back by rative strip above a window, designed to keep a contrary order. a curtain rod from showing. 964. counterpart: 1) a person or thing that cor947. cornucopia: horn of plenty; an exhaustible responds to or closely resembles another, as in store; abundance; a receptacle shaped like a form or function; 2) a thing which, when added horn or cone. to another, completes or complements it; 3) a copy or duplicate, as of a lease. 948. corollary: 1) a proposition that follows from the one that has already been proved; 2) an 965. counterpoint: the art of combining melodies. inference or deduction; 3) ath that follows as 966. counterpoise: to poise or weigh against or on normal result. the opposite side. 949. corporeal: 1) of, for, or having the nature 967. coup: 1) literally, a blow; 2) a sudden, sucof, the body; physical; bodily; not spiritual; 2) cessful move or action; brilliant stroke; 3) coup of material nature; perceptible by the senses; detat. tangible. 968. couple: 1) ath joining two things together; 950. corpulent: obese; fat; swollen. bond; link; 2) two things or persons of the same sort that are somehow associated. 951. corpus: a body (of things, literature, law etc). 969. courier: 1) a messenger sent in haste or on 952. corral: a pen for cattle; an enclosure; . a regular schedule with important or; urgent messages; specif a) a member of the diplomatic 953. correlation: mutuality; complimentary; recorps charged with carrying messages; b) a spy ciprocal; analogous. carrying secret information; 2) a person hired to take care of hotel accommodations and lug954. corroborate: to make certain the validity of; gage and to act; as a guide for a traveler. conrm; bolster; support [evidence to corroborate his testimony]. 970. covenant: 1) a binding and solemn agreement to do or keep from doing a specied thing; 955. corroboration: conrmation; to conrm to compact; 2) an agreement among members of make more certain. a church to defend and maintain its doctrines, polity and faith. 956. corrosive: 1) corroding or causing corrosion; 2) bitingly sarcastic; cutting. 971. covert: concealed, hidden, disguised, or surreptitious [ a covert threat]; protected by a 957. corrugated: to shape or contract into parallel husband: said of a marriage woman. grooves and ridges; make wrinkles in; furrow. 972. covert: hidden. 958. coruscate: sparkle. 973. covetousness: inordinately desirousness; 959. coryphee: chorus girl. avariciousness. 31

974. covin: (also covine) conspiratorial band.

992. cretin: a person suering from cretinism.

975. cow: to make timid and submissive by lling 993. cretinism: a congenital deciency of thyroid with fear or awe; intimidate. secretion with resulting deformity and mental deciency. 976. cower: 1) to crouch or huddle up, as from fear or cold; 2) to shrink and tremble, as from 994. crevice: a narrow opening caused by a crack someones anger, threats, or blows; cringe. or split; ssure; cleft; chink. 977. coy: 1) orig quiet, silent; 2a) shrinking from 995. cringed: to bend or crouch with servility. contact or familiarity with others; bashful; shy; 2b) primly reserved; demure; 3) aecting inno- 996. criterion: a standard, rule, or test by which cence or shyness, esp in a playful or coquettish something can be judged; measure of value. manner; 4) reticent or evasive in making com997. critiquing: reviewing; criticizing. mitment. 978. cozen: 1) to cheat; defraud; 2) to deceive. 998. croft: a small farm (vegetable garden!).

979. crabbed: 1) peevish; morose; ill-tempered; 999. crone: an ugly, withered old woman; hag. cross; 2) hard to understand because intricate or complicated; 3) hard to read because 1000. crony: a very close intimate friend. cramped or irregular [ handwriting]. 1001. crotchety: full of peculiar whims or stubborn notions; cantankerous; eccentric. 980. crampon: mountain climber. 981. crapulous: ill from over-drinking. 1002. crotchety: perversely whimsical; eccentric. cruet: a small bottle (that can be used as a sprinkler). crux: 1) a dicult problem; puzzling thing; 2) the essential or deciding point. crypt: a underground chamber or vault as one under the main oor of a church, esp formerly serving as a burial place.

982. crass: 1) grossly stupid, dull or obtuse; 2) 1003. tasteless, insensitive, and coarse; 3) moneygrubbing; blatantly materialistic. 1004. 983. craven: very cowardly; abjectly afraid; thorough coward. 1005. 984. credence: belief; trust. 985. credo: creed; 986. credulity: a tendency to believe too readily, esp with little or no proof; lack of doubt.

1006. cryptic: 1a) having hidden or ambiguous meaning; mysterious; baing [a comment]. cryptogram: ath written in cipher. cubicle: 1) a small sleeping compartment, as in a dormitory; 2) any small compartment, as for study.

987. creed: 1) a brief statement of religious belief; 1007. confession of faith; 2) a specic statement of 1008. this kind, accepted by a church; 3) a statement of belief, principles or opinions on any subject.

988. crepitate: make a rattling sound (decrepita1009. cuisine: style of cooking; manner of preparing tion). food; also, the food prepared, as at a restaurant. 989. crepuscule: twilight; dusk. 990. crescendo: gradually increasing in loudness 1010. culinary: of or relating to the kitchen or cookery. or intensity. 991. crestfallen: 1) with drooping crest or bowed 1011. cull: something picked out; esp, something rehead; 2) dejected, disheartened, or humbled. jected as not being up to standard. 32

1012. culminated: to reach the highest point; cli- 1029. dally: 1) to irt; to play at love; 2) to deal max. lightly or carelessly (with); trie; toy; 3) to waste time; loiter. 1013. culpable: deserving blame; blameworthy. 1030. dank: disagreeably damp; moist and chilly. 1014. culvert: a conduit, esp a drain, as a pipelike construction of stone, concrete, or; metal, that 1031. dapper: 1) small and active; 2) trim, neat or smart in dress or appearance. passes under a road, railroad track, footpath, etc. or through an; embankment. 1032. dappled: marked or variegated with spots; mottled. 1015. cumbersome: unwieldy; clumsy; burdensome; hard to handle or deal with as because 1033. dastardliness: cowardliness, characterized of size, weight or many parts. by underhandedness or treachery. 1016. cupidity: greed; covetousness. 1034. daunt: to make afraid or discouraged; intimidate; dishearten. dauntless: fearless; unsubdued. dawdle: to waste (time) in triing or by being slow; idle: often with away. deadlock: 1) a standstill resulting from the action of equal and opposed forces; stalemate; 2) a tie between opponents in the course of a contest.

1017. curator: one that has the care and superintendence of something; esp, one in charge of a 1035. museum, zoo, or other place of exhibit. 1036. 1018. curlicue: fantastic curl; a fancifully curved or spiral gure; ourish. 1037. 1019. curmudgeon: a surly, ill-mannered, bad tempered person; cantankerous fellow.

1020. cursive: owing; not disconnected; specif, designating writing in which the strokes of the 1038. deadpan: without expression or show of emoletters are joined in each word. tion; blank(ly). 1021. cursorily: running quickly over; hastily; su- 1039. percially. 1040. 1022. curtail: to cut short; reduce; abridge. 1041. 1023. cynical: 1) believing that people are motivated in all their actions only by; selshness : 1042. denying the sincerity of peoples motives and actions, or by; the value of living; 2) sarcastic, sneering, etc. 1043. deadwood: dead meaningless customs. dearth: scarcity, dearness, want, high price.

debase: to make lower in value, quality, character, dignity etc. debauch: to lead away from duty or allegiance; to corrupt with lewdness. debilitate: weaken; enervate.

1024. cynosure: any person or thing that is a center 1044. debonair: 1) easy and carefree in manner; of attention or interest. jaunty; sprightly; 2) elegant and gracious; urbane. 1025. dado: middle section of a pedestal. 1045. debris: 1) rough broken bits of stone, wood, 1026. daedal: ingenious. glass etc, as after destruction; rubble; 2) bits or pieces of rubbish; litter. 1027. daemon: a spirit holding a middle place between god and men(spirit, genius,devil). 1046. debunk: to expose the false or exaggerated claims, pretensions , glamour etc of. 1028. dais: a platform raised above the oor at one end of a hall or room, as for a throne, seats of 1047. debutante: one who makes her rst appearhonor , a speakers stand etc. ance. 33

1048. decadence: a process, condition or period of 1064. default: 1) failure to do sth or be somewhere decline as in morals, art, literature, etc; detewhen required or expected, specif; a) failure to rioration; decay. pay money due; b) failure to appear in court to defend or prosecute a case; c) failure to take 1049. decapitate: to cut o the head of; behead. part in or nish a contest. 1050. deciduous: 1) falling o or out at a cer- 1065. tain season or stage of growth, as some leaves, antlers, insect wings, milk teeth; 2) short-lived; temporary. 1051. deciduous: not evergreen. defeasance: 1) the annulment of a contract or deed; 2) a clause stating a condition the fulllment of which makes the deed, contract, etc void in whole or in-part.

1066. defeatist: a person who too readily accepts or expects defeat.

1052. decimate: to punish every tenth man; 1067. defection: 1) abandonment of loyalty, duty, loosely- to punish very heavily. or principle; desertion; 2) the act of defecting 1053. decipher: 1) to translate (a message in cifrom ones country; 3) a failing or failure. pher or code) into ordinary, understandable; language : decode; 2) to make out the mean- 1068. defenestrate: a throwing of a person or thing out of a window. ing of (ancient inscriptions, illegible writing, etc). 1069. deference: 1) a yielding in opinion, judgement or wishes; 2) courteous regard or respect. 1054. decoction: a liquid preparation. 1055. decollete: cut low so as to bare the neck and 1070. dele: 1) a narrow passage thru which troops must dele; 2) any narrow valley or mountain shoulders, as some dresses. pass; 3) a march in single le or les. 1056. decompose: 1) to break up or separate into 1071. dele: 1) to make lthy or dirty; pollute; 2) basic components or parts; 2) to rot. to make ceremonially unclean; 3) to corrupt; 4) to profane or sully (as a persons name); 1057. decorum: 1) propriety and good taste in behavior, speech, dress, etc; 2) an act or require1072. denitive: 1) that settles or decides in a nal ment of polite behavior: often used in pl. way; decisive; conclusive [a answer]; 2) most nearly complete and accurate; authoritative; 1058. decrement: deduction; reprise; rebate. 3) serving to dene; limiting or distinguishing precisely. 1059. decrepit: broken down or worn out by old age, illness or long use. 1073. deect: to turn or make go to one side; bend; swerve. 1060. decrepitude: the condition of being decrepit; inrmity or feebleness. 1074. defoliate: to strip of leaves. 1061. decry: to speak out against strongly and 1075. openly; denounce [to decry religious intolerance]; to depreciate (money etc) ocially. 1076. 1062. deface: 1) to spoil the appearance of; disgure; mar; 2) to make illegible by injuring the surface of. 1077. defray: to pay or furnish the money for ( the cost or expenses). defrock: to deprive of the rank or function of priest or minister. deft: skillful in a quick, sure, and easy way; dextrous.

1063. defame: to attack or injure the reputation or honor of by false and malicious statements; 1078. defunct: no longer living or existing; dead or malign, slander, or libel. extinct; out of outer since a long time. 34

1079. degenerate: 1) having sunk below a former or 1096. normal condition, character etc; deteriorated; 2) morally corrupt; depraved. 1097. 1080. deglutition: swallowing food. 1081. degrade: to lower in rank or status, as in punishing; denote; to lower or corrupt in quality, 1098. moral character or value; debase; to bring into dishonor or contempt. 1099. 1082. degraded: disgraced, debased, depraved etc. 1100. 1083. deify: to exalt to the rank of a god. 1101. 1084. deign: to condescend to do sth thought to be slightly beneath ones dignity [the queen deigned to shake my hand]. 1102. 1085. deleterious: hurtful or destructive; poisonous. 1103. 1086. deliberate: to think or consider carefully and fully; esp, to consider reasons for and against a thing in order to make up ones mind [a jury deliberates]. 1104. 1087. delineate: 1) to trace the outline of; sketch out; 2) to draw; depict; 3) to depict in words; 1105. describe.

demagogue: a leader of the people; a popular and factious orator. demean: to lower in status or character; degrade; humble [to demean oneself by taking a bribe]. demeanor: outward behavior; conduct, deportment. demented: out of ones mind; insane. demesne: region (domain?). demography: the statistical science dealing with the distribution, density, vital statistics etc of human population. demoniac: like or characteristic of a demon; endish; frenzied. demotic: 1) of the people; popular; specif, vernacular; 2) designating or of a simplied system of ancient Egyptian writing : distinguished from hieratic. demur: to hesitate because of ones doubts or objections; have scruples; object. demure: 1) decorous; modest; reserved; 2) aectedly modest or shy; coy.

1088. delinquency: failure in or omission of duty; 1106. denigrate: to blacken; to disparage the chara fault; a crime. acter or reputation of; defame. 1089. delirium: a temporary state of extreme mental excitement, marked by restlessness,; con- 1107. denizen: 1a) an inhabitant or occupant; 1b) a frequenter of a particular place. fused speech, and hallucinations: it sometimes occurs during a fever or; in some forms of in- 1108. denouement: the outcome, solution, unravsanity; uncontrollably wild excitement or emoeling, or clarication of a plot in a drama, story tion. etc; any nal revelation or outcome. 1090. delitescence: concealment. 1091. 1092. 1093. 1094. 1109. denounce: 1) to accuse publicly; inform against [to an accomplice in crime]; 2) to delude: to fool, as by false promises or wrong condemn strongly as evil; 3) to give formal nonotions; mislead; deceive; trick. tice of the ending of a (treaty, armistice etc). deluge: great overow of water. 1110. depict: 1) to represent in a drawing, painting, delusion: a false belief or opinion. sculpture, etc; portray; picture; 2) to picture in words; describe. delusive: 1) tending to delude; misleading; 2) of or like a delusion; unreal. 1111. depilate: to remove hair.

1095. delve: to dig with a spade; to investigate for 1112. depletion: the act of emptying or exhausting information; search (into books, the past etc). or reducing. 35

1113. deplore: 1) to be regretful or sorry about; 1129. desecrate: to profane; to take away the salament; 2) to regard as unfortunate or credness of sth. wretched; 3) to condemn as wrong; disapprove 1130. desiccate: to dry completely; to preserve of. (food) by drying. 1114. deploy: 1a) to spread out (troops etc) so as to form a wider front; 1b) to station or place 1131. desideratum: something desired or much wanted. (forces, equipment,etc) in accordance with a plan. 1132. desolate: 1) left alone; lonely; solitary; 2) uninhabited; deserted; 3) made uninhabitable; 1115. depose: 1) to remove from oce or a position laid waste; in a ruinous state. of power, esp from a throne; oust; 2) [Law] to state or testify under oath but out of court. 1133. desperado: a dangerous, reckless criminal; bold outlaw. 1116. depositary: a receipt for money deposited in a bank. 1134. despise: to look down on with contempt and 1117. deposition: 1) a deposing or being deposed; scorn; to regard with dislike or repugnance. removal from oce or position of power; 2) the act of testifying; 3) a depositing or being 1135. despoil: plunder; destroy; deprive sth of value by or as by force. deposited. 1118. deprave: to lead into bad habits; make 1136. despondency: state of being dejected, depressed, disheartened etc. morally bad; corrupt; pervert. 1119. deprecate: to feel and express disapproval of; 1137. despotic: of or like a despot; autocratic; tyrannical. plead against; to depreciate, belittle. 1120. depreciate: to reduce in value or price; to 1138. destitute: not having; being without; lacking; lacking the necessities of life; living in complete make seem less important; belittle; disparage. poverty. 1121. depredation: the act or an instance of robbing, plundering, or laying waste. 1139. destitution: deprivation of oce; forsaken in utter want; 1122. deracinate: to pull up by the roots; to extirpate. 1140. desuetude: dissuage; want of habit; disuse; discontinuance. 1123. derange: to upset the arrangement, order, or operation of ; unsettle; disorder; to make in- 1141. desultory: passing from one thing to another sane. in an aimless way; disconnected; not methodical [a desultory conversation]; lacking direct 1124. derelict: deserted by the owner; abandoned; relevance; random; incidental [a desultory obforsaken; neglectful of duty; remiss; negligent. servation]. 1125. deride: to laugh at in contempt or scorn; 1142. detached: 1) not connected; separate; 2) not make fun of; ridicule. involved by emotion, interests, etc; aloof; impartial. 1126. derivative: using or taken from other sources; not original. 1143. detente: relaxation or easing of tension (as between two nations). 1127. derogatory: detracting; injurious. 1128. descry: to catch sight of; discern (distant or 1144. deter: to keep or discourage (a person, group, obscure objects); to look for and discover; deor nation) from doing something by instilling tect. fear, anxiety, doubt, etc. 36

1145. detonation: to explode violently and noisily. 1164. digression: to wander away from the main topic; ramble. 1146. detraction: a taking or drawing away; a malicious discrediting of someones character, 1165. dilapidated: in ruins; in need of repair as due to neglect. accomplishments, etc as by revealing hidden faults or by slander. 1166. dilatory: causing or tending to cause delay; meant to gain time, defer action etc; inclined 1147. detrimental: causing damage or injury. to delay; slow or late in doing things. 1148. detrition: wearing away. 1167. dilemma: an argument necessitating a choice 1149. devoid: completely without; empty or destibetween equally unfavorable or disagreeable altute. ternatives; any situation in which one must change between unpleasant alternatives; any 1150. devolve: to pass (on) to another or others: serious problem. said of duties, responsibilities etc. 1151. devout: very religious; pious; showing reverence; earnest; sincere; heartfelt. 1152. dexterity: skill; adroitness; nimbleness. 1153. diabolical: devilish;. 1154. diadem: a crown, headband or the like; royal power, authority or dignity. 1155. dialectics: logical argumentation. 1168. dilettante: person who loves ne arts in a supercial way without serious purpose. 1169. dimidiate: halved. 1170. diminutive: of a diminished size; contracted. 1171. dinghy: 1) a small boat carried on a warship or merchant ship; 2) a small boat used as a tender to a yacht; 3) a small, single masted racing boat. dingy: 1) dirty colored; not bright or clean; grimy; 2) dismal; shabby. dint: force; exertion; now chiey in by dint of; 2) a dent. diorama: 1) a picture painted or set of transparent curtains and looked at thru a; small opening; 2) a miniature scene, wholly or partially : three dimensional, depicting; gures in a naturalistic setting; 3) a museum display of a preserved or reconstructed specimen, as of wildlife; in a simulation of its habitat.

1156. diaphanous: so ne or gauzy in texture as to 1172. be transparent or translucent; vague or indistinct; airy. 1173. 1157. diatribe: a continued discourse or disputation; an invective harangue. 1174. 1158. dichotomy: division into two parts (halves, kinds, pairs); schism or split. 1159. diction: manner of speaking or expressing.

1160. dictum: a statement or saying esp a formal statement of fact, opinion, principle etc or of ones will or judgement; pronouncement. 1175. dire: arousing terror or causing extreme distress; dreadful; terrible; calling for quick ac1161. didactic: tted or intended to teach; instruction. tive; preceptive; too much inclined to teach others; boringly pedantic or moralistic. 1176. dirge: a funeral hymn; a slow sad song, poem or musical composition expressing grief 1162. didence: lack of condence in oneself; or mourning; lament. marked by hesitation in asserting oneself; shyness. 1177. disabuse: to get rid of false ideas; undeceive. 1163. diuse: spread out or dispersed; not con- 1178. disaect: to cause to lose aection for; make centrated; using more words than are needed; unfriendly,discontented, or disloyal, esp tolong-winded; wordy. ward the government. 37

1179. disapprobation: disapproval. 1180.

1181. 1182. 1183. 1184. 1185.

1186. 1187.

1188. 1189. 1190. 1191.

1192.

1195. discreet: careful about what one says or does; prudent esp keeping silent or preserving condisarray: 1) to throw into disorder or confudences when necessary. sion; upset; 2) a state of disorderly or insucient dress. 1196. discrepancy: lack of agreement, or an instance of this; dierence; inconsistency. disavow: to deny any knowledge or approval of, or responsibility for; disclaim; disown. 1197. discrete: 1) separate and distinct; not attached to others; unrelated; 2) made up of disdisband: to cease to exist or function as an tinct parts; discontinuous. organization; scatter; disperse. 1198. discretion: 1) the freedom or authority to disburse: to pay out; expend. make decisions and choices; power to judge or act; 2) the quality of being discreet, or careful discalced: barefooted. about what one does and says; prudence. discern: to separate mentally (a thing) from another or others; recognize as separate or 1199. discrimination: 1a) act of discriminating; 1b) the process by which two stimuli diering dierent; to perceive or recognize; make out in some aspect are responded; to dierently; clearly. 2) the quality or power of nely distinguishdiscerning: having or showing good judgeing; 3a) the act or practice or an instance of ment or understanding; astute. discriminating categorically rather; than individually; 3b) prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, disclaim: to give up or renounce any claim to action, or treatment [racial ]. or connection with; to refuse to acknowledge or admit; deny; repudiate. 1200. discursive: running from one thing to another; roving desultory; intellectual, rational. discombobulate: to upset the composure of; disconcert. 1201. disdain: to regard or treat as unworthy or beneath ones dignity, specif to refuse or reject discomted: to bauch; to defeat; to rout; diswith aloof contempt or scorn. concerted. 1202. disembark: to unload (passengers or goods) disconcerting: to throw into confusion; disfrom a ship; aircraft, etc. turb; frustrated. 1203. disenfranchise: to deprive of the rights of disconsolate: so unhappy that nothing will citizenship esp of the right to vote; to deprive comfort; inconsolable; dejected; causing or of a privilege, right or power. suggesting dejection. 1204. disengage: to release or loosen from sth that discordant: 1) not in accord; disagreeing; binds, holds, entangles, or interlocks; unfasten; conicting; 2) not in harmony; dissonant; detach; disentangle. clashing. disgure: to hurt the appearance or attractiveness of; deform; deface; mar. disgorge: to discharge from the throat; to vomit; to throw out with violence. disgruntle: to make peevishly discontented; displease and make sulky. dishearten: to deprive of courage or enthusiasm; discourage; depress; daunt.

1193. discourse: 1) communication of ideas, infor- 1205. mation etc, esp by talking; conversation; 2) a long and formal treatment of a subject, in 1206. speech or writing; lecture; treatise; dissertation. 1207. 1194. discredit: 1) to reject as untrue, disbelieve; 2) to show or be a reason for disbelief or distrust; cast doubt on; 3) to damage the credit 1208. or reputation of ; disgrace. 38

1209. disheveled: disarranged and untidy; tousled; 1224. dispel: to scatter and drive away; cause to rumpled; said of hair, clothing etc. vanish; disperse. 1210. disinclination: a dislike or lack of desire; 1225. dispirit: to lower the spirits of; make sad, aversion; reluctance. discouraged or apathetic; depressed, dejected. 1211. disingenuous: not frank or open; crafty. 1226. displosion: explosion. to indulge in amusement; play;

1212. disinter: to remove from a grave, tomb etc; 1227. disport: dig up; exhume; to bring (sth hidden) to light. frolic.

1213. disinterested: not inuenced by personal in1228. disport: to indulge in amusement; play; terest or selsh motives; impartial; unbiased. frolic. 1214. disjointed: 1a) being thrown out of orderly function [ society]; 1b) lacking coherence or 1229. disputations: inclined to dispute; fond of arguing; contentious. orderly sequence [an incomplete and history]; 2) separated at or as if at a joint. 1230. disquieting: causing anxiety or uneasiness. 1215. disjunctive: disjoining; tending to separate; 1231. disquisition: a formal discussion of some subuniting sentences but disjoining the sense. ject, often in writing; discourse or treatise. 1216. dislodge: to force from a position or place 1232. disquisition: dissertation. where lodged, hiding etc; drive out. 1217. dismantle: to strip of covering; to strip (a 1233. house, ship etc) of furniture, equipment, means of defense etc; to take apart; disassemble; dismember. 1234. 1218. dismember: to remove the limbs of by cutting or tearing; to pull or cut to pieces; sepa- 1235. rate into parts; divide up or mutilate. dissect: 1) to examine or analyze closely; 2) to cut apart piece by piece; separate into parts, as a body for purposes of study; anatomize. dissemble: to conceal; to play the hypocrite. disseminate: to scatter far and wide; spread abroad, as if sowing; promulgate widely.

1219. disparage: to dishonor by comparison with 1236. dissension: a dierence of opinion; disagreement or esp violent quarreling or wrangling. what is inferior; to talk slightingly of. 1220. disparate: distinct in kind; dissimilar; un- 1237. dissent: to dier in belief or opinion; disagree: often with from; to reject the doctrines and equal. forms of an established church. 1221. dispassionate: free from passion, emotion, or 1238. dissertation: a formal and lengthy discourse bias; calm; impartial. or treatise on some subject, esp one based on; 1222. dispatch: 1) to send o or away with promptoriginal research and written in partial fulllness or speed; esp : to send o on ocial busiment of requirements for a; doctorate. ness; 2a) to kill with quick eciency; 3) to dispose o (as a task) rapidly or eciently; 4) 1239. dissident: disagreeing esp with an established defeat. religious or political system, organization or belief. 1223. dispatch: 1a) a message sent with speed, esp: an important ocial message sent by a diplo- 1240. dissimilarity: diversity; disparity; dissemmatic, military or naval ocer; 1b) a news blance; disparateness; divergence. item led by a correspondent; 2) promptness of eciency in performance or transmission [done 1241. dissimulate: to hide (ones feelings, motives, with ]. etc) by pretense; dissemble. 39

1242. dissolution: 1) the act or process of dissolv- 1256. ing: as ; a) separation into component parts; b(i)] decay, disintegration; b(ii)] death; c) termination or destruction by breaking down, disrupting, or dispersing [the of the republic]; 1257. d) the dissolving of an assembly or organization; e) liquefaction; 2) a dissolute act or practice. 1243. dissonant: unpleasant or discordant sound.

divergent: 1a) diverging from each other; 1b) diering from each other or from a standard; deviant [the interests of capital and labor]. diversify: 1) to make diverse : give variety to [ a course of study]; 2) to balance (as an investment portfolio) defensively by dividing funds among securities of dierent industries or of dierent classes; 3) to increase the variety of the products.

1244. dissuade: to turn ( a person) aside (from a 1258. diversion: 1) the act or instance of diverting from a course, activity or use : deviation; 2) course, etc) by persuasion or advice. sth that diverts or amuses : pastime; 3) an at1245. dista: 1. The sta for holding a bunch of tack or feint hat draws the attention and force ax, tow, or wool, from which the thread is of an enemy from the point of the principal drawn in spinning by hand; 2. Used as a symoperation. bol of the holder of a dista; hence, a woman; 1259. divested: stripped; to deprive of ath; to diswomen, collectively. encumber or rid (of sth unwanted). 1246. distant: cool in manner; aloof; reserved. 1260. divine: 1) clergyman; 2) theologian. 1247. distend: to stretch out; to expand due to 1261. divine: 1) to discover intuitively : infer; 2) to pressure from within. discover or locate (as water or minerals under1248. distill: 1) to let fall, exude, or precipitate in ground) usu by means of a divining rod. drops or in a wet mist; 2a) to subject to or transform by distillation; 2b) to extract the 1262. divine: 1a) of, relating to, or proceeding directly from God or a god [ love]; 1b) being a essence of; concentrate. deity [the Saviour]; 1c) directed to a deity [ worship]; 2a) supremely good : superb [the 1249. distort: 1) to twist out of shape; change the pizza was ]; 2b) heavenly, godlike. usual or normal shape, form, or appearance of; 2) to misrepresent; misstate; pervert [to distort the facts]; 3) to modify (a wave, sound, signal, 1263. divulge: to make known; disclose; reveal. etc) so as to produce an unfaithful reproduc1264. docket: a summary, as of a legal proceeding, tion. or a list of legal decisions; a list of cases to be tried by a law court; agenda; a label listing the 1250. distrait: absent minded. contents of a package, directions etc. 1251. distrait: absent minded; inattentive. 1265. doctrinaire: adhering to a doctrine or theory in an unyielding, dogmatic way. 1252. distraught: extremely troubled; mentally confused; distracted; harassed; driven mad, 1266. dodder: 1) to tremble or shake from weakness crazy. or age; 2) to progress feebly and unsteadily; totter. 1253. dithyramb: frenzied emotional poem. an eternity; aeons; assiduity; 1267. do: 1a) to remove (an article of wear) from the body; 1b) to take o (the hat) in greeting or as a sign of respect; 2) to rid oneself of : put 1255. diva: a leading woman singer esp in grand aside [ ones hat to or ones cap to] : to opera; prima donna. show respect to : salute. 1254. diuturnity: perennial. 40

1268. dogged: not giving in readily; persistent; 1284. stubborn. 1285. 1269. doggerel: trivial, awkward, often satirical verse characterized by monotonous rhythm; any trivial or bad poetry.

dour: gloomy; sullen; forbidding. douse: 1) to plunge into water; 2a) to throw a liquid on : drench; 2b) slosh; 3) extinguish [ the lights] : to fall or become plunged into water.

1270. dogma: positive assertion of settled opinion; 1286. douse: 1a) furl [ a sail]; 1b) slacken [ a rigid tenet or principle or idea. rope]; 2) take o, do. 1271. doldrums: 1) a spell of listlessness or despon- 1287. dency; 2) [often cap] : a part of the ocean near the equator abounding in calms, squalls, and 1288. light shifting winds; 3) a state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or slump. 1289. 1272. dolorous: causing, marked by, or expressing misery or grief. 1290. 1273. dolt: a stupid, slow-witted person; blockhead. douse: a heavy drenching. dovecote: a small cot or box in which pigeons breed. dovetailed: to join or t compactly or harmoniously. dowdy: not neat or stylish in dress or appearance; shabby.

1274. domicile: a customary dwelling place; home. 1291. downcast: directed downward; very unhappy or discouraged; sad; dejected. 1275. domineer: to rule (over) in a harsh or arro1292. doxology: hymn of praise. gant way; bully. 1276. don: to put on ( a garment, etc); dress in a 1293. drab: 1) of a dull yellowish-brown color; 2) not bright or lively; dull; dreary, or certain color or material, etc. monotonous; cheerless. 1277. dormant: 1) represented on a coat of arms in a lying position with the head on forepaws; 1294. dragnet: a net to be dragged along the bottom of water or the ground. 2) marked by a suspension of activity : as ; a) temporarily devoid of external activity [a 1295. dregs: 1) the particles of solid matter that volcano]; b) temporarily in abeyance yet capasettle at the bottom in a liquid; lees; 2) the ble of being activated; 3a) asleep, inactive; 3b) most worthless part [the dregs of society]; 3) having the faculties suspended : sluggish. [sing.] a small amount remaining; residue. 1278. dormer: a window set vertically in a structure projecting through a sloping roof; also, the the 1296. drivel: to be foolish; speak like an idiot. roofed structure containing such a window. 1297. droll: amusing in an odd or wry way. 1279. dorsal: of, on, or near the back. 1280. 1281. 1298. drone: a male bee, as a male honeybee, or ant which serves only in a reproductive capacdossier: a collection of documents concerning ity, has no sting and does no work; an idle a particular person or matter. person who lives by the work of others; parasite; loafer; a pilotless airplane that is directed dotage: feeble and childish state due to old in ight by remote control. age; senility; a doting; foolish or excessive affection. 1299. drone: to make a continuous and monotonous humming or buzzing sound; to talk on and on dote: to be foolish or weak-minded esp bein a dull monotonous way. cause of old age; to be excessively or foolishly fond (with or upon). 1300. dross: a scum formed on the surface of molten doughty: valiant. material; waste matter; worthless stu. 41

1282.

1283.

1301. dross: worthless matter.

1316. eavesdrop: to listen secretly to the private conversation of others.

1302. drudgery: work that is hard, menial, or tire1317. ebb: 1) to ow back or out; recede, as the some. tide; 2) to weaken or lessen; decline. 1303. dubious: 1) giving rise to uncertainty as ; a) of doubtful promise or outcome [felt that our 1318. ebullient: agitated; enthusiastic; bubbling; boiling. pain was a little ]; b) questionable or suspect as to true nature or quality [the prac- 1319. eccentric: anomalous, crotchety, cranky; tice is of legality], [the honor of being usual, regular, conventional. the worlds biggest polluter]; 2) unsettled in opinion : doubtful [i was about the plan]. 1320. eccentric: not having the same center: opposed to concentric; not having the axis ex1304. dudgeon: resentment. actly in the centre; o-centre; not exactly circular in shape or motion; deviating from the 1305. dudgeon: resentment; indignation; a small norm, as in conduct; out of the ordinary; odd; dagger. unconventional. 1306. duenna: an old lady who watches over or 1321. chaperones a younger. 1322. 1307. dulcet: sweet; melodious; harmonious. 1323. 1308. dulcimer: musical instrument. 1309. dupe: to deceive by trickery; fool or cheat. 1310. duplicity: hypocritical cunning or deception; double-dealing. ecclesiastical: pertaining to the church. ecdysis: moulting. eclectic: selecting or borrowing; choosing the best out of everything; sort of opposite of exclusive!.

1324. eclipse: 1) to darken; obscure; 2) to make seem less brilliant, famous, etc; overshadow; outshine; surpass.

1311. duress: under compulsion; constraint; impris- 1325. ecology: the branch of biology that deals with the relations between living organisms onment. and their environment. 1312. dwindle: to keep on becoming or making 1326. ecstasy: a state of being overpowered by emosmaller or less; diminish; shrink. tion, as by joy, grief, passion, etc; a feeling of overpowering joy; great delight; rapture; a 1313. dyspepsia: 1) indigestion ; 2) ill-humor : distrance, esp one resulting from religious fervor. gruntlement. 1314. dysphoria: impatience under aiction; mor- 1327. edacious: devouring. bid restlessness. 1328. eddy: a current of air, water, etc moving against the main current and with a circular 1315. earthy: 1a) of, relating to or consisting of motion; little whirlpool or whirlwind; a conearth [ creatures like worms];; 1b) suggestive trary movement or trend, limited in imporof earth (as in texture, odor, or color) [an tance or eect. yellow]; 1c) rough, coarse, or plain in taste [ avors]; 2a) characteristic of or associated with 1329. edentate: toothless. mortal life on the earth [prefers to ethereal themes]; 3) suggestive of plain or poor peo- 1330. edication: education; instruction. ple and their ways : as ; a) practical, down- 1331. edices: a large built structure. to-earth [ problems of daily life]; b) crude, gross [ humor]; c) plain and simple in style : 1332. eerie: mysterious; uncanny or weird esp in unsophisticated [ peasant cookery]. such a way so as to frighten or disturb. 42

1333. eace: to destroy the surface of; to rubout; to 1348. make (oneself) inconspicuous; withdraw (oneself) from notice. 1349. 1334. eectual: producing, or able to produce, the desired eect. 1350. 1335. eeminate: 1) having feminine qualities untypical of a man : not manly in appearance or; manner; 2) marked by an unbecoming delicacy 1351. or over-renement; [ art, an civilization].

egregious: something outstandingly bad; outrageous; agrant [an egregious error]. egress: 1) the action or right of going or coming out; 2) a place or means of going out : exit. ejaculation: a sudden vehement utterance; exclamation. elate: to raise the spirits of; make very proud, happy, or joyful.

1336. eervescent: giving o gas bubble; bubbling 1352. eldritch: eerie. up; foaming; lively and high-spirited; viva- 1353. eleemosynary: of, relating to, or supported cious. by charity. 1337. eete: no longer fertile; having lost character, 1354. elegiac: mournful. vitality, or strength; marked by a weakness or decadence. 1355. elegy: a song in the lament and praise of the dead; any poem , song, etc in a mournfully 1338. ecacious: having the power to produce a contemplative tone. desired eect. 1356. elixir: 1a(i)) a substance held capable of pro1339. ecacy: power to produce eects or intended longing life indenitely; a(ii)) a substance held results; eectiveness. capable of changing base metals to gold; b(i)] cure-all; b(ii)] a medicinal concoction; 2) a 1340. egy: a portrait, statue or the like, esp of a sweetened liquid usu containing alcohol that person; likeness; often a crude representation is used in medication either for its medicinal of a despised person. ingredients or as a avoring; 3) the essential 1341. euvium: a real or supposed ow in the form principal. of a vapor or stream of invisible particles; a 1357. ellipsis: the omission of a word or words necdisagreeable or noxious vapor or odor. essary for complete grammatical construction 1342. erontery: unashamed boldness; impudence; but understood in the context [ex. if possiaudacity; presumption. ble for if it is possible]. 1343. eulgent: radiant. 1358. elliptical: 1a) of, relating to, or marked by extreme economy of speech or writing; 1b) of 1344. eusiveness: expressing emotion in a copious or relating to deliberate obscurity (as of literand demonstrating manner. ary or conversational style). 1345. egalitarian: equalitarian. 1359. eloquence: 1) discourse marked by force and persuasiveness; also : the art or power of us1346. egoism: 1a) doctrine that individual self ining such discourse; 2) the quality of forceful or terest is the actual motive of all; conscious persuasive expressiveness. action; 1b) a doctrine that individual selfinterest is valid end of all actions; 2) excessive concern for oneself with or without exagger- 1360. elude: to escape by stratagem; to bae. ated feelings of; self-importance. 1361. elutriate: to separate by washing into ner and coarser portions. 1347. egotism: 1a) excessive use of the rst person singular personal pronoun; 1b) the practice of 1362. elysian: happy; blissful; delightful. talking about oneself too much; 2) an exaggerated sense of self-importance : conceit. 1363. emaciated: made lean and thin. 43

1364. emancipation: act of setting free from 1379. emissary: a person or agent, esp a secret bondage or disability of any kind. agent sent on a spec mission. 1365. embargo: 1) an order of a government pro- 1380. hibiting the departure of commercial ships from; its ports; 2) a legal prohibition on com- 1381. merce [an on arms shipments]; 3) stoppage, impediment; esp : prohibition; 4) an order by a common carrier or public regulatory agency 1382. prohibiting or; restricting freight transportation. 1366. embark: 1) to go on board a vehicle for transportation; 2) to make a start [ on a new career]; 3) to engage, enlist, or invest in an enterprise. emollient: softening; soothing. emolument: the returns arising from oce or employment usually in the form of compensation or perquisites. empathy: 1) the imaginative projection of a subjective state into an object so that; the object appears to be infused with it; 2) the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and; vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of; either the past or present without having the feelings, thoughts, and; experience fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner; also the capacity for this.

1367. embed: 1a) to enclose closely in or as if in a matrix [fossils ded in stone]; 1b) to make sth an integral part of [the prejudice ded in our language]; 1c) to prepare (a microscopy spec- 1383. empirical: relying on or based on solely experiment and observation rather than theory. imen) for sectioning by inltrating with and enclosing in a supporting substance; 2) to sur1384. empyreal: the rmament on high (heavround closely [a sweet pulp s the plum seed]. enly?). 1368. embellishment: to make beautiful, graceful; 1385. emulate: strive to equal. decoration; ornamentation. 1369. embezzle: to steal (money, etc entrusted to 1386. emulate: to imitate (a person or thing admired); to try, often by imitating or copying, ones care); take by fraud for ones own use. to equal or surpass; to rival successfully. 1370. emblazon: adorn magnicently. 1387. enamour: to charm; to iname with love. 1371. embrangle: to confuse; to perplex. 1388. encomium: a formal expression of high 1372. embrocate: rub with a liniment. praise; eulogy; panegyric. 1373. embroil: to confuse ( aairs, etc); mix up; 1389. encompass: to shut in all around; surround, muddle; to draw into a conict or ght; involve encircle; to contain, include; to bring about, in trouble. achieve, contrive [to encompass its destruction]. 1374. embryonic: in an early stage; underdeveloped; rudimentary. 1375. 1376. 1377. 1378. 1390. encroach: 1) to enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or rights of embryonic: rudimentary. another; 2) to advance beyond the usual or emend: to make scholarly corrections or improper limits [the gradually encroaching sea]. provements in ( a text). 1391. encumbered: loaded with; hampered by. emendation: correction (to make emends) 1392. endearment: 1) a word or an act (as a caeminent: 1) standing out so as to be readily ress) expressing aection; 2) to cause to beperceived or noticed : conspicuous; 2) jutting come beloved or admired. out : projecting; 3) exhibiting eminence esp in standing above others in some quality or 1393. endemic: disease prevalent in a particular position : prominent. area. 44

1394. endorsement: 1) a provision added to an in- 1408. enjoin: to urge or impose with authority; orsurance contract altering its scope of applicader; enforce [to enjoin silence on a class]; to tion ; 2) sanction, approval. prohibit esp by legal injunction; forbid [the company was enjoined from using false adver1395. endue: to provide (with sth), specif to endow tising]; to order (someone) authoritatively to with (qualities, talents etc). do sth esp by legal injunction. 1396. enduring: lasting; permanent; durable. 1397. energize: to give energy to; activate; invigorate. 1409. ennui: boredom.

1410. enormity: 1) an outrageous, improper, vicious or immoral act [the enormities of state power]; 2) the quality or state of being immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous. esp : great 1398. enervate: to deprive of nerve, strength or wickedness [the of crimes committed is apcourage. palling]; 3) the quality or state of being huge : immensity; 4) a quality of momentous impor1399. enfranchise: to free from slavery, bondage, tance. legal obligation etc; to give a franchise to, specif to admit to citizenship esp to the right 1411. enrapture: to put in ecstasy; to ll with great to vote. pleasure or delight; entrance; enchant. 1400. enfranchise: to set free; to give a or polit- 1412. ensconce: to place or settle comfortably, snugly or securely [to ensconce oneself in an ical privileges. armchair]. 1401. engage: 1) to oer (as ones word) as security for a debt or cause; 2) to attract and hold by 1413. ensnare: to take in or as if in a snare; catch; entrap. inuence or power; 3a) to interlock with : mesh : also : to cause (mechanical parts) to mesh; 1414. ensue: 1) to come afterward; follow immedi4) to bind oneself to do sth, esp : to bind as ately; 2) to happen as a consequence; result. a pledge to marry; 5a) to provide occupation for : involve [ him in a new project]; 5b) to 1415. enthrall: to make a slave of; enslave; to hold as if in a spell; captivate; fascinate. arrange or obtain the use of services of : hire; 5c) engross; 5d) participate. 1416. entice: to attract by oering hope of reward or pleasure; tempt;allure. 1402. engaging: attractive; pleasant; winning; charming. 1417. entity: 1a) being ,existence,esp : independent, separate, or self-contained existence; 1b) 1403. engender: to bring into being; bring about; the existence of a thing as contrasted with its cause; produce [pity engendered love]. attributes; 2) sth that has separate and distinct existence and objective or conceptual re1404. engross: to take the entire attention of; ocality. cupy wholly; absorb [engrossed in a book]. 1418. entomology: study of insects. 1405. engulf: to submerge, inundate, swamp;. 1419. entourage: 1) ones attendants or associates; 2) surroundings. 1406. enhance: 1) heighten , increase, esp to increase or improve in value, quality, desirability, 1420. entrance: 1) to put into a trance; 2) to ll or attractiveness. with rapture or delight; enchant; charm; enrapture. 1407. enigma: a perplexing, usu ambiguous statement; riddle; a perplexing, baing, or seem- 1421. entreat: to ask earnestly; beg; beseech; imingly inexplicable matter, person etc. plore. 45

1422. entree: 1a) the act or manner of entering : 1437. epistle: a writing sent to one, a letter. entrance; 1b) freedom of entry or access; 2) 1438. epitaph: an inscription on a tomb or gravethe main course of a meal in the U.S. stone in the memory of the person buried 1423. entrepreneur: a person who organizes and there; a short composition in prose or verse manages a business undertaking, assuming the written as a tribute to the dead person. risk for the sake of prot; an enterprising per1439. epithet: an adjective, noun or phrase, ofson!. ten specif a disparaging one, used to charac1424. enunciate: to pronounce distinctly. terize some person or thing [ex egghead for an intellectual]; a descriptive name or title [ex 1425. environ: to surround; encircle. America the beautiful etc]. 1426. eolithic: pertaining to earliest human culture. 1440. epitome: embodiment; an abridgement or short summary of ath. 1427. epaulet: a shoulder ornament for certain uniforms, esp military uniforms. 1441. epitome: synopsis, abridgement, condensation; enlargement, augmentation, increment. 1428. ephemeral: ath that is short lived or lasts for a short time. 1442. eponym: 1) one for whom or which sth is or is believed to be named; 2) a name (as of a 1429. epic: 1) a long narrative poem in elevated drug or a disease) based on or derived from an style recounting the deeds of a legendary or eponym. historical hero [the Iliad and Odyssey are epics]; 2) a work of art (as a novel or drama) that resembles or suggests an epic; 3) a se- 1443. equable: not varying or uctuating much; steady; uniform [an equable person]; not readries of events or body of legend or tradition ily upset; even, tranquil, serene. thought to form the proper subject of an epic [the winning of the West was a great American 1444. equanimity: evenness of mind or temper. epic]. 1445. equestrian: a rider on horseback esp one per1430. epicene: sexless. forming acrobatics on horseback as in a circus. 1431. epicure: a person who enjoys and has a dis- 1446. equine: of or like or characteristic of a horse. criminating taste for ne food and drinks. 1447. equipoise: equal distribution of weight; state 1432. epigram: any concise and pointed or sarcastic of balance, or equilibrium; a weight or force saying or poem. that balances another; counterbalance. 1433. epilogue: 1) a concluding section that rounds 1448. equitable: characterized by equity; fair; just: out the design of a literary work; 2a) a speech said of actions, results of actions etc. often in verse addressed to the audience by an actor at the end of a play; also : the ac- 1449. equivocation: the use of ambiguous exprestor speaking such an ; 2b) the nal scene sions specially in order to mislead. of a play that comments on or summarizes the main action; 3) the concluding section of a mu- 1450. eristic: argumentative. sical composition; coda. 1451. erose: having irregular notched edges (serrated?). 1434. epiphenomenon: an accompanying phenomenon outside the chain of causation. 1452. erratic: having no xed course or purpose; irregular, random , wandering; deviating from 1435. episcopal: governed by bishops. the normal customary course; eccentric,queer. 1436. epistemological: pertaining to the theory of 1453. erratic: unpredictable, irregular. knowledge. 46

1454. ersatz: a substitute; a supplementary reserve 1470. ethnic: designating or of a population subfrom which waste can be made good. group having a common cultural heritage or distinguished by customs, characteristics, lan1455. eructate: burp!. guage, common history etc. 1456. erudite: having or showing a wide knowledge 1471. ethnology: the branch of anthropology that gained from reading; learned, scholarly. studies comparatively the cultures or recent societies or language groups. 1457. escapade: a reckless adventure or prank. 1458. eschatology: the doctrine of the last or nal 1472. ethos: the characteristic and distinguishing attitudes, habits, beliefs, etc of an individual things as death, judgement, state after death. or of a group. 1459. escheat: a property that falls to the state for the want of an heir; plunder; gain; to cons- 1473. etiolate: to blanch; to make pale. cate. 1474. etiolated: bleached. 1460. eschew: to shun; to ee from; to abstain from. 1475. etiology: enquiry into physical causes. 1461. esculent: edible. 1476. etiquette: forms or ceremony or decorum;

1462. esemplastic: bringing together or able to 1477. eugenic: causing improvement of hereditary bring together dierent concepts and thoughts qualities of a stock. into a unied whole [the esemplastic imagina1478. eulogy: a speech or writing in praise of a pertion]. son, event, or thing esp a formal speech prais1463. esoteric: intended for or understood by only ing a person who has recently died. a chosen few, as an inner group of disciples or initiates (said of ideas, literature, etc); beyond 1479. eupeptic: having good digestion. the understanding or knowledge of most peo1480. euphemism: a gure of rhetoric by which an ple, abstruse; condential; private; withheld unpleasant or oensive thing is designated by [an esoteric plan]. a milder term. 1464. espionage: the act of spying; the use of spies 1481. euphony: 1) pleasing or sweet sound; esp the by a government to learn the military secrets acoustic eect produced by words so formed or of another nations; the use of spies in induscombined as to please the ear; 2) a harmonious try or commerce to learn the secrets of other succession of words having a pleasing sound. companies. 1482. euphoria: a feeling of well being or elation. 1465. espouse: 1) marry; 2) to take up and support as a cause; become attached to. 1483. euphuism: excessive elegance of language. 1466. estivate: spend the summer (akin to hiber- 1484. euthanasia: act or method of causing death nate!). painlessly, so as to end suering: advocated by some as a way to deal with persons dying of 1467. estrange: to remove, as from usu surroundincurable, painful diseases. ings or associates; keep apart or away; to turn a person from a friendly attitude to an indif- 1485. euthenics: science of dealing with improveferent, unfriendly or hostile one; alienate the ment of well being. aections of. 1486. evade: prevaricate, shue, shun; confront, 1468. esurient: voracious. face, acknowledge. 1469. ethereal: light airy or tenuous; extremely del- 1487. evanescent: icate or rened; heavenly. ephemeral. 47 tending to fade from sight;

1488. evenhanded: impartial; fair; just.

1503. execrate: 1) to declare to be evil or detestable : denounce; 2) to detest utterly.

1489. evince: to show plainly; indicate; make manifest esp to show that one has (a specied qual- 1504. execute: 1) to carry out fully : put comity, feeling etc). pletely into eect [ a command]; 2) to do what is provided or required by [ a decree]; 1490. evoke: to call forth or summon (a 3) to put to death esp in compliance with a lespirit,demon etc), as by chanting magical gal sentence; 4) to make or produce (as a work words; conjure up; to draw forth or elicit (a of art) esp by carrying out a design; 5) to perparticular mental image, reaction etc). form what is required to give validity to [ a deed]; 6) play [ a piece of music]. 1491. exacerbate: to embitter; to provoke; to render more violent or severe as a disease. 1505. exegesis: explanation, critical analysis, or interpretation of a word, literary passage etc esp 1492. exacerbate: to make more intense or sharp; in the Bible. aggravate (disease, pain, annoyance etc); to exasperate, annoy; irritate; embitter. 1506. exhort: to urge earnestly by advice, warning etc (to do what is proper or required); admon1493. exacting: making severe of excessive deish strongly. mands; not easily satised; strict [an exacting teacher]; demanding great care, patience , ef- 1507. exhortation: to urge strongly and earnestly. fort, etc; arduous [an exacting job]. 1508. exhume: to dig out of the earth; disinter; to 1494. exalt: to raise on high; elevate; lift up : specif bring to light; disclose; reveal. :; to raise in status or dignity, power, honor, wealth, etc; to praise, glorify, extol; to ll with 1509. exhume: to take out of the ground or place joy, pride, etc; to heighten or intensify the acof burial. tion or eect of. 1510. exigency: compulsion,necessity, distress, dif1495. exasperate: to make very angry; to irritate culty; normalcy, regularity. in a high degree. 1511. exiguous: scanty; little; small; meager. 1496. exchequer: 1) treasury; esp : a national or royal treasury; 2) pecuniary resources : funds. 1512. existential: 1) of, relating to, or arming existence [ propositions]; 2a) grounded in exis1497. excise: to remove (a tumor , organ etc) by tence or the experience of existence : empiricutting out or away. cal; 2b) having being in time and space. 1498. excogitate: to discover by thinking; to think 1513. exodus: a going out or forth esp in a large out earnestly or laboriously. group. 1499. excoriate: to strip, scratch or rub o the skin 1514. exonerate: 1) acquit; free from charges; 2) to of; ay, abrade, chafe; to denounce harshly. relieve of a responsibility, obligation, or hardship. 1500. excrescence: outgrowth or projection esp abnormal; abnormal twisted outgrowth. 1515. exorbitant: going beyond what is reasonable, just, proper, usual etc; excessive, extravagant: 1501. exculpate: to free from blame; declare or said esp of prices, charges etc. prove guiltless. 1516. exorcise: to drive (an evil spirit or spirits) out 1502. execrable: 1) deserving to be execrated : deor away by ritual prayers, incantations etc. testable [ crimes]; 2) very bad : wretched [ hotel food]. 1517. exoteric: easily understood. 48

1518. exotic: foreign , not native; strange or dif- 1534. ferent in a way that is striking or fascinating; strangely beautiful, enticing etc. 1535. 1519. expatiate: to walk about; to enlarge in discourse, argument or writing.

expound: to expose or lay open the meaning of. expropriate: 1) to deprive of possession or proprietary rights; 2) to transfer (the property of another) to ones own possession.

1520. expatriate: to drive (a person) from his or 1536. expugnable: capable of being overcome or vanquished. her native land; exile; to withdraw (oneself) from ones native land or from allegiance to it. 1537. expunge: to wipe out; to eace; to mark for deletion. 1521. expectoration: to expel from the breast or lungs by coughing. 1538. expurgate: to purge out or render pure; to re1522. expedience: specic subservience; opportunism; pragmatism. move passages considered obscene or otherwise objectionable from (a book, etc); to expunge (objectionable material from),

1523. expedite: to free from impediments; to has1539. extant: standing out or above the rest; still ten; to send forth; to dispatch. existing; not extinct; not lost or destroyed. 1524. expendable: that may be expended; esp that may be sacriced to achieve some end; to 1540. extant: still in existence. expendto lay out; 1541. extemporaneous: unpremeditated, improvised, impromptu; premeditated, studied, pre1525. expiate: to make amends or reparation for pared. (wrongdoing or guilt); atone for; pay the penalty of; suer for. 1542. extenuated: mitigated; to lessen. 1526. expletives: meaningless oaths. 1543. extirpate: to root out; to destroy totally; to exterminate.

1527. explicate: to make clear or explicit (sth ob1544. extirpate: to root out; to exterminate. scure or implied); explain fully. 1528. explicit: 1a) fully revealed or expressed with- 1545. out vagueness,implication, or ambiguity : leav- 1546. ing no question as to meaning or intent; 2) open in the depiction of nudity or sexuality [ 1547. books and lms]. 1529. exploit: an act remarkable for brilliance or daring; bold deed. 1530. exploit: to make use of; turn to account; uti- 1548. lize productively; to make unethical use of for ones own advantage or prot; specif to make prot from the labor of (others) without giving a just return; to stir up interest in; promote [to 1549. exploit a product]. 1531. expository: serving to explain. 1532. expostulate: remonstrance. 1533. expostulate: to reason with a person earnestly, objecting to that persons actions or intentions; remonstrate (with). 49 extol: to praise highly; laud; to lift up.

extort: to wring out (from); to gain or draw out (money) by compulsion or violence. extradite: to turn over (a person accused or convicted of a crime) to the jurisdiction of another country, state etc where the crime was allegedly committed. extraneous: coming from outside; foreign [an extraneous substance]; not truly or properly belonging; not essential; not pertinent; irrelevant. extrapolation: 1a) to project, extend, or expand (known data or experience) into an area not; known or experienced so as to arrive at a usu conjectural knowledge of an; unknown area; 1b) to predict by projecting past experience or known data [ public; sentiment on one issue from known public reaction on others].

1550. extricate: to free from entanglement or per- 1566. facile: aable; easily persuaded; yielding; using or showing little eort and not sincere or plexities. profound; supercial [ a facile solution, facile 1551. extrinsicality: objectiveness; extraneousemotions]. ness; adventitiousness. 1552. extrovert: one whose personality is charac- 1567. facilitate: to make easy or easier. terized by extroversion; broadly : a gregarious 1568. facsimile: (an) exact reproduction or copy; unreserved person. the transmission and reproduction of graphic matter by electronic means. 1553. extrude: to push or force out ; expel; to force (metal, plastic etc) through a die or very small 1569. faction: a group of people inside a political holes to give it a certain shape. party, club, government etc working in a com1554. extrusion: thrusting or throwing out; expulmon cause against other such groups or against sion. the main body; partisan conict within an organization or a country. 1555. exuberant: in high spirits; lavish; luxuriant; overowing. 1570. factious: tending to promote internal dissen1556. exudation: act of exuding or discharging thru pores such as sweating. sion.

1571. factitious: sth made up; articial. 1557. exude: to pass out in drops thru pores, an incision etc; ooze; discharge; to diuse or seem 1572. factotum: a person employed to do all kinds of work for another. to radiate [to joy]. 1558. exult: to rejoice greatly; to be jubilant, glory. 1573. faculty: 1) ability, power : as ; a) innate or acquired ability to act or do; b) an inherent 1559. eyas: unedged bird. capability, power or function [the of hearing]; c) any of the powers of the mind formerly 1560. eyry: the nest of a bird of prey; a house or held by psychologists to form a basis for the exstronghold perched on some high place; other planation of all mental phenomena; d) natural spelling are aerie, aery, eyrie. aptitude [has a for saying the right things]; 1561. fabricate: 1a) invent, create; 1b) to make 2a) a branch of teaching or learning in an edup for the purpose of deception; 2) construct, ucational institution. manufacture. 1574. fad: a custom, style etc that many people are 1562. facade: the front of a building; part of a buildinterested in for a short time; passing in fashing facing a street, courtyard etc; the front part ion; craze. of ath: often used guratively, with implications of an imposing appearance concealing sth 1575. fadge: to agree; hit it o; to succeed. inferior. 1576. falchion: medieval sword. 1563. facetious: witty; humorous; jocose; joking or trying to be jocular esp at an inappropriate 1577. fallacious: false; misleading. time. 1564. facetious: jocular, funny, humorous; solemn, 1578. fallible: liable to be mistaken or deceived; liable to be erroneous or inaccurate. melancholy, sad. 1565. facets: any of the small , polished plane sur- 1579. fallow: land ploughed by not seeded for one faces of a cut gem; any of a number of dies or or more growing seasons, to kill weeds, make aspects, as of a personality. the soil richer etc. 50

1580. falter: to move uncertainly or unsteadily; tot- 1594. fathom: to measure the depth of ; sound; to ter, stumble; to stumble in speech; speak haltget to the bottom of; understand thoroughly. ingly, stammer; to act hesitantly; show uncertainty; waver; inch; to lose strength, certainty 1595. fatuous: complacently stupid or inane; silly, foolish; esp marked by etc. 1581. fanaticism: excessive and unreasonable zeal. 1596. fauna: the animals of a specied region or time. 1582. fancied: 1) to have a fancy for; like; 2) to form a conception of : imagine [ our embar- 1597. fawn: to show friendliness by licking hands, wagging its tail etc, said of a dog; to act rassment]; 3a) to believe mistakenly or without servilely; cringe and atter. evidence; 3b) to believe without being certain [she she had met him before]; 4) to visualize 1598. faze: to disturb, disconcert. or interpret as [ myself a child again]. 1583. fancier: a person with a special interest in and 1599. febrile: of or like fever; feverish. knowledge of sth, particularly of the breeding 1600. feckless: spiritless; helpless; futile. of plants or animals [a dog fancier]. 1584. fanciful: 1) marked by fancy or unrestrained 1601. feculent: covered with lth. imagination rather than by reason and experi- 1602. fecund: fruitful; fertile; prolic. ence [a reason]; 2) existing in fancy only [a notion]; 3) marked by or as if by fancy or 1603. feign: to pretend; to make up (a story, excuse whim [gave their children names]. etc), invent; fabricate. 1585. fane: temple. 1604. feint: a false show; sham; a pretended blow or attack intended to take the opponent o his 1586. fanfare: 1) a showy outward display; 2) a guard, as in boxing or warfare. short and lively sounding of trumpets. 1587. fantasia: a composition in fanciful or irregu- 1605. felicitous: used or expressed in a way suitable to the occasion; aptly chosen; having the knack lar form. of appropriate and pleasing expression. 1588. farce: 1) a savory stung : forcemeat; 2) a light dramatic composition marked by broadly 1606. felicity: happiness; delight; a blessing; a quality or knack of appropriate and pleasing exsatirical comedy and improbable plot; 3) a pression in writing, speaking, painting etc; an ridiculous empty show; mockery [the enforceapt expression or thought. ment of this law became a ]. 1607. fell: erce; terrible; cruel; deadly: archaic except in the phrase one fell swoop a single ef1590. farthingale: hoop skirt (like the one worn by fort or action that is completely eective, devVictorian women). astating etc. 1589. farrier: black-smith. 1591. fascicle: a bundle or bunch; esp a bunched 1608. felonious: heinous, despicable, vicious; tuft of branches root or bers. praiseworthy, benecent, meritorious. 1592. fastidious: aecting superior taste; dicult 1609. felonious: wicked; depraved; done with a deto please; very critical or discriminating; reliberate intention to commit crime. ned in a too dainty or oversensitive way so as to be easily disgusted. 1610. feracious: fruitful. 1593. fatalism: the belief that all events are deter- 1611. ferial: pertaining to holidays. mined by fate and hence inevitable; acceptance 1612. ferment: a state of excitement or agitation. of every event as inevitable. 51

1613. fervent: hot; ardent; zealous; warm in feeling; intensely devoted or earnest; ardent.

1614. fervid: very hot; having burning desire or emotion; zealous. 1629. gurine: a small sculptured or molded gure; statuette. 1615. fervor: intense heat; great warmth of emotion; ardor; zeal. 1630. lch: to steal ; to pilfer. 1616. fester: to form pus; ulcerate; to grow embit- 1631. lial: pertaining to or becoming of a son or tered; rankle; to decay. daughter; of, suitable to, or due from a son or daughter [lial devotion]. 1617. festive: 1) of, relating to or suitable for a feast or festival; 2) joyful, gay. 1632. libuster: a buccaneer; a piratical adventurer; one who makes unauthorized war; one 1618. festoon: 1) a decorative chain or strip hangwho obstructs legislation by speeches motions ing between two points; 2) a carved, molded, etc. or painted ornament representing a decorative 1633. ligree: 1) ornamental work esp of ne wire chain; 3) decorate, adorn. of gold, silver or copper applied chiey to gold 1619. fete: 1) festival; 2a) a lavish often outdoor and silver surfaces; 2a) ornamental openwork entertainment; 2b) a large elaborate party. of delicate or intricate design; 2b) a pattern or design resembling such openwork [a of 1620. fete: 1) to honour or commemorate with a frost]; c) ornamentation, embellishment [writfete; 2) to pay high honour to. ings heavy with late Victorian ]. 1621. fetid: having a bad smell, as of decay; stink1634. llip: stimulus. ing, putrid. 1622. fettle: to make ready; set in order; arrange; 1635. nale: the concluding movement or passage of a musical composition; the last scent or feato potter fussily about. ture of an entertainment; the conclusion or last 1623. asco: a failure; a complete failure of any part, end. kind. 1636. ne: penalty, forfeiture, conscation; indem1624. at: 1) a command or act of will that creates nity, remuneration, reimbursement. sth without or as if without further eort; 2) an authoritative determination : dictate [a of 1637. nesse: 1) renement or delicacy of workmanship, structure, or texture; 2) skillful handling conscience]; 3) an authoritative arbitrary order of a situation : adroit maneuvering; 3) the : decree [government by ]. withholding of ones highest card or trump in 1625. delity: faithful performance of duty; accuthe hope that a lower card will take the trick racy of a description, translation etc. or of the because the only opposing higher card is in the reproduction of sound, image etc. hand of the opponent who has already played. 1626. ducial: serving as a basis of reckoning; show- 1638. nicky: too particular or exacting: overly ing condence or reliance. dainty or fastidious; fussy. 1627. gment: sth made up or contrived. 1639. rebrand: a piece of burning wood; a person who stirs up others to revolt or strife. ssure: 1) a narrow opening or crack of considerable length and depth usu occurring from some breaking or parting; 2a) a natural cleft between body parts or in the substance of an

regarded as analogous : metaphorical [ language]; 2b) characterized by gures of speech [a description].

1628. gurative: 1a) representing by a gure or resemblance : emblematic; 1b) of or relating to 1640. representation of form or gure in art [ sculpture]; 2a) expressing one thing in terms normally denoting another with which it may be 52

organ; 2b) a break or slit in tissue usu at 1653. the junction of skin and mucous membrane; 3) a separation or disagreement in thought or viewpoint : schism; 4) to break into ssures : cleave. 1654. 1641. tful: characterized by irregular or intermittent activity, impulses etc; spasmodic, restless. 1655. 1642. accid: hanging in loose folds or wrinkles; soft and limp; abby [accid muscles]; lacking 1656. force; weak, feeble. 1643. ag: to become limp; droop; to lose strength; grown weak or tired [his energy agged].

eck: 1) streak , spot [whitecaps ed the blue sea]; 2) to color as if by sprinkling with ecks [his wife is ed with sarcasm]; 3) ake, particle. edge: to grow the feathers necessary for ying. edged: acquiring feathers (for ying). eece: 1a) the coat of wool covering a wool bearing animal (as a sheep); 1b) the wool obtained from a sheep at one shearing; 2a) to strip of money or property by fraud or extortion; 2b) to charge excessively for goods or services; 3) to dot or cover with eecy masses.

1644. agellation: a whipping or agging, esp as a religious discipline or for sexual stimulation. 1657. eeting: transient, transitory, ephemeral; enduring, continual, eternal. 1645. agrantly: notoriously; enormous!; outra1658. ick: 1) a light sharp jerky stroke or movegeously; egregiously?. ment; 2a) to move or propel or as if with a ick [ed her hair back over her shoulder]; 2b) 1646. ail: 1) a hand threshing implement consistto activate, deactivate, or change by or as if ing of a wooden handle at the end of which a by icking a switch [ on a cigarette lighter]; stouter and shorter stick is so hung as to swing 3a) to strike lightly with a quick sharp motion freely; 2a) to strike with or as with a ail [arms [ed the horse with a whip]; 3b) to remove ing the water]; 2b) to move, swing, or beat with light blows [ed an ash o her sleeve]. as if wielding a ail [ing a club to drive away the insects]. 1659. inched: to shrink back; to fail; to wince, as from pain; to draw back from ath dicult, 1647. air: a natural talent or ability; knack; aptidangerous or painful. tude. 1648. amboyant: designating or of a kind of ar- 1660. chitecture as late French Gothic characterized by amelike tracery of windows and orid dec1661. oration; amelike or brilliant in form or color; too showy or ornate; orid; extravagant etc. ippant: light; pert and frivolous of speech; showing disrespectful levity. it: to pass lightly and rapidly [memories itted thru his mind]; to y lightly and rapidly; utter.

1649. ange: a projecting rim or collar on a wheel, 1662. occulent: uy. pipe, rail etc to hold it in place, give it strength, guide it or attach it to sth else. 1663. oe: a single piece, large or small of oating sea ice. 1650. aunt: to make a gaudy, ostentatious, conspicuous, impudent or deant display; to ut- 1664. orid: ushed with red or pink; rosy; ruddy: ter or wave freely. said of the complexion; highly decorated; gaudy , showy, ornate [a orid musical pas1651. autist: ute player. sage]. 1652. ay: to strip o the skin or hide of, as by 1665. otilla: a eet of small ships. whipping; to criticize or scold mercilessly; to rob, pillage; eece. 1666. otsam: the wreckage of a ship; cargo. 53

1667. ounder: to stumble helplessly; to make mis- 1684. forbear: (obs) to do without; to hold oneself takes. back from esp with an eort; hold back, abstain [can write with ease what i forbear to 1668. out: to mock or sco at; show scorn or conread]; to control oneself when provoked: be tempt for. patient. 1669. out: to mock, jeer; treat with contempt. 1685. forbearance: a refraining from the enforcement of sth (as a debt, right , obligation) that 1670. uctuation: 1) a shifting back and forth with is due; leniency. uncertainty; 2) to ebb and ow in waves. 1671. uent: owing or moving smoothly and eas- 1686. ford: a shallow place in a river stream, etc where one can cross by wading or by riding on ily [uent verse]; able to write or speak easily, horseback, in an automobile etc. smoothly and expressively. 1672. uke: a result esp a successful one, brought 1687. forebode: to prognosticate, surmise, betoken forewarn; to have a presentiment of (sth bad about by accident; stroke of luck. or harmful). 1673. uster: to make or become confused, nervous 1688. forensic: of, characteristic of, or suitable for or befuddled. a law court, public debate, or formal argumen1674. uted: grooved. tation; specializing in or having to do with the application of scientic, esp medical knowledge 1675. uted: having or marked by grooves. to legal matters as in the investigation of a 1676. foible: a small weakness; slight frailty in charcrime. acter; the weakest part of the sword blade, 1689. forerunner: harbinger, precursor, predecesfrom the middle to the point. sor; successor, follower, descendent. 1677. foil: to keep from being successful; thwart; frustrate; to enhance by contrast; someone or 1690. foreshadow: to be sign of (sth to come); indicate or suggest beforehand; pregure; presage. sth that serves as a contrast to another [acted as a foil for a comedian]. 1691. foresight: 1) an act or the power of foreseeing 1678. foist: to put in slyly or surreptitiously, as a clause into a contract; to get (a thing) accepted, sold, etc by fraud, deception etc; palm o: with on or upon. : prescience; 2) provident care : prudence [had the to invest his money wisely]; 3) an act of looking forward: also a view forward.

1692. forestall: a place taken before hand; to anticipate; to hinder by anticipating; to bar. 1679. foliage: leaves, as of a plant or tree; mass of leaves; leafage; a decoration consisting of a 1693. forestall: to prevent or hinder by doing sth representation of leaves, branches, owers etc. ahead of time; to act in advance of; get ahead, anticipate; to interfere with the trading in (a 1680. foment: to treat with warm water, medicated market ) by buying up goods in advance, getlotions etc; to stir up (trouble); instigate; inting sellers to raise prices,etc. cite [to foment a riot]. 1681. foolhardy: bold or daring in a foolish way; 1694. rash; reckless. 1695. 1682. fop: a vain, aected man who pays too much attention to his clothes, appearance etc; 1696. dandy, coxcomb. 1683. foray: a sudden attack or raid in order to seize or steal things. 54 forfeited: that to which a right is lost. forgo: to do without; abstain from; give up. forlorn: 1a) bereft, forsaken [left quite of hope]; 1b) sad and lonely because of isolation or desertion : desolate; 2) being in poor condition : miserable, wretched [ tumble down buildings].

1697. formality: 1) compliance with formal or con- 1712. ventional rules : ceremony; 2) the quality or state of being formal; 3) an established form or procedure that is required or conventional. 1698. formidable: causing fear or dread; hard to handle or overcome; awe inspiring in size, excellence, etc; redoubtable. 1699. forsake: to give up; renounce (a habit, idea etc); to leave; abandon. 1700. forswear: to renounce on oath; promise 1713. earnestly to give up; to deny earnestly or on oath. 1714. 1701. forte: a thing that a person does particularly well; special accomplishment or strong pint; the strongest part of the blade of a sword, be- 1715. tween the middle and the hilt. 1702. forthright: straightforward; direct; frank.

franchise: 1) freedom or immunity from some burden or restriction vested in a person or group, ; 2a) a special privilege granted to an individual or group; esp the right to be and exercise the powers of a corporation; 2b) a constitutional or statutory right or privilege : esp the right to vote; 3) the right or license granted to an individual or group to market a companys goods or services in a particular territory; 4) the right of membership in a professional sports league. frantic: wild with anger, pain, worry etc; frenzied. fraught: lled, charged or loaded (with) ; emotional, tense, anxious, distressing ,etc. fray: 1) [archaic] scare : frighten away; 2) a usu disorderly or protracted ght, struggle or dispute; 3a) to wear (as an edge of cloth) by or as if by rubbing : fret; 3b) to separate the threads at the edge of; 4) strain, irritate [tempers became a bit ed].

1703. fortitude: courage in endurance; the strength to bear misfortune, pain etc calmly and pa1716. frenetic: delirious; frantic; distracted; mad; tiently; rm courage. wildly excited. 1704. fortuitous: happening by chance; bringing or 1717. fresco: the art or technique of painting with happening by good luck; fortunate. watercolors on wet plaster. 1705. foster: to bring up with care; rear; to help to grow or develop; stimulate; promote [to foster 1718. fret: 1) to decorate with interlaced designs; to form pattern upon; 2) to enrich with emdiscontent]; to cling to in ones mind; cherish bossed carved patters; 3) an ornamental net[to foster a hope]. work, esp : a medieval metallic or jeweled net for a womans headdress; 4) an ornament or 1706. founder: 1) one that founds or establishes; 2) ornamental work often in relief consisting of to become disabled : esp to go lame; 3) to give small straight bars intersecting one another in way : collapse; 4) to sink below the surface of right or oblique angles. the water; 5) to come to grief : fail. 1707. foyer: a public room opening on the lobby. 1719. fret: 1a) to eat or gnaw into : corrode , also : fray; 1b) rub, chafe; 1c) to make by wearing 1708. fracas: uproar; a noisy quarrel. away a substance [the stream ted a channel]; 2) to cause to suer emotional strain : vex; 3) 1709. fractious: refractory or unruly; peevish; irrito pass (as time) in fretting; 4) agitate, ripple. table; cross. 1720. fricative: produced by friction; another in1710. fragrance: redolence. teresting meaning on the rocks.

1711. frailty: the quality or condition of being frail; 1721. friction: disagreement or conict because of weakness esp moral weakness. dierences of opinion, temperament etc. 55

1722. frieze: a decoration or series of decorations 1737. fulcrum: the support or point of support on forming an ornamental band around a room, which a lever turns in raising or moving sth; a mantel etc. means of exerting inuence, pressure etc. 1723. frigate: formally a vessel in the class next to 1738. ships of the line. 1739. 1724. frigid: extremely cold: without heat or warmth; without warmth of feeling or manner; sti and formal; habitually failing to be- 1740. come sexually aroused, or abnormally repelled by sexual activity: said of a woman. fuliginous: sooty. fulminate: to thunder or make a loud noise; to detonate. fulminate: to thunder or make a loud noise; to issue decrees with violence or threats; to denounce.

1725. fritter: to waste (money, time, etc) bit by bit 1741. fulsome: cloying or causing surfeit; oensive; disgustingly fawning. on petty things: usu with away. 1726. frivolous: triing; silly; not properly serious 1742. functionary: a person who performs a certain or sensible; giddy. function, esp an ocial. 1727. frolicsome: full of gaiety or high spirits; play- 1743. funereal: 1) of or relating to a funeral; 2) ful; merry. betting or suggesting a funeral (as in solemnity). 1728. frond: a leaf; specif : the leaf of a fern : the leaf of a palm; the leaike part or shoot of a 1744. furbelow: rue. lichen, seaweed, duckweed etc. 1745. furlough: leave of absence. 1729. frounce: to plait; to curl; to wrinkle up. 1746. furor: 1) an angry or maniacal t : rage; 2) 1730. fructify: to bear fruit; become fruitful. fury ; 3) a fashionable craze : vogue; 4a) furious or hectic activity; 4b) an outburst of public 1731. frugal: thrifty; economical in the use of excitement or indignation : uproar. means. 1732. fruition: a pleasure obtained from using or 1747. possessing sth; enjoyment; the bearing of fruit; a coming to fulllment; realization [a book that is a fruition of years of research]. 1733. fugacious: transitory. furtive: 1a) done by stealth : surreptitious; 1b) expressive of stealth : sly [had a look about him]; 2) obtained underhandedly : stolen.

1748. fusillade: a simultaneous or rapid and continuous discharge of many rearms; sth like this 1734. fugitive: 1) running away or intending ight [ a fusillade of questions]. [ slave, debtor]; 2) moving from place to place : wandering; 3a) being of short duration; 1749. fusion: 1) a unison as if by melting; as a) a merging of diverse, distinct or separate ele3b) dicult to grasp or retain : elusive; c) ments into a unied whole; b) a political partlikely to evaporate, deteriorate, change, fade nership : coalition; c) popular music combinor disappear [dyed with colors]; 4) being of ing dierent styles (jazz, classical etc). transient interest [ essays]. 1735. fugitive: a person who ees or tries to escape, 1750. fustian: a kind of coarse twilled cotton fabric; a bombastic style of writing or speaking; a kind esp refugee. of liquor. 1736. fugue: a polyphonic composition based on one, two, or more themes,that are enunciated 1751. futile: 1) serving no useful purpose; comby several voices or parts in turn & subjected pletely ineective; 2) occupied with tries : to contrapuntal treatment. frivolous. 56

1752. gady: metaphorically sth after one in a re- 1766. lentless manner!??; a person who annoys others or rouses them from complacency; any of several large ies as the horsey, that bite livestock. 1753. gae: a blunder; faux pas.

gape: 1a) to open the mouth wide; 1b) to open or part widely [holes d in the pavement]; 2) to gaze stupidly or in open mouthed surprise or wonder; 3) yawn; an open-mouthed stare.

1767. garble: 1) to sift impurities from; 3a) to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impres1754. gainsay: to deny; to contradict; to speak or sion or change the meaning [ a story]; 3b) act against; oppose. to introduce textual error into (a message) by inaccurate encipherment, transmission or de1755. gait: the manner of walking on foot; way of cipherment; 4) the impurities removed from walking or running; any of the various foot spices in sifting. movements of a horse,as a trot, pace, canter 1768. gargantuan: a giant; enormous; prodigious. or gallop. 1756. galaxy: an assembly of brilliant or famous 1769. gargoyle: 1a) a spout in the form of a grotesque human or animal gure projecting people; a brilliant array of things. from a roof gutter to throw rain-water clear of a building; 1b) a grotesquely carved gure; 2) 1757. gall: 1a) a skin sore caused by chronic irritaa person with an ugly face. tion; 1b) to cause or state of exasperation; 2) to fret and wear away by friction : chafe. 1770. garner: a store of ath; to accumulate. 1758. gall: 1a) bile : esp bile obtained from an ani1771. garnish: to decorate; adorn; embellish; trim; mal and used in the arts or medicine; 1b) sth to decorate (food) with sth that adds color or bitter to endure; 2) bitterness of spirit : ranavor [a steak garnished with parsley]. cor; 2) brazen boldness coupled with impudent assurance and insolence. 1772. garrulous: talking much or too much esp about unimportant things; loquacious. 1759. galleon: a large sailing ship with three or four masts and a high forecastle and stern, devel- 1773. gastronomy: the art or science of good eatoped in the 15th and 16th cent, and used as ing; epicurism. both, a warship and a trading ship?. 1774. gauche: lacking grace esp social grace; awkward; tactless. 1760. galliard: (or gailliard) lively dance. 1761. galvanize: 1b) to stimulate or excite as if by 1775. gaucherie: clumsiness; social awkwardness. an electric shock [an issue that would public 1776. gawk: 1) a clumsy stupid person : lout; 2) to opinion]. gape or stare stupidly. 1762. gambit: 1) an initial move in ath esp one with 1777. gazette: 1) newspaper; 2) an ocial journal; an element of trickery; 2) a remark intended to 3) to announce or publish in a gazette. start a conversation or make a telling point; 3) a calculated move; stratagem. 1778. genealogy: history of the descent of families; pedigree; lineage. 1763. gambol: to leap; to frisk in sport. 1779. generality: 1) the quality or state of being 1764. gamely: 1) having or showing a resolute ungeneral; 2a) generalization; 2b) a vague or inyiedling spirit; 2) willing or ready to proceed; adequate statement. of or relating to game. 1780. generic: a class of objects comprehending 1765. gamut: the full extent of ath. several species. 57

1781. genesis: generation; creation or production. 1795. gesticulate: to make use of gestures esp with the hands and arms as in adding nuances or 1782. genial: 1a) favorable to growth or comfort force to ones speech, or as a substitute for : mild [ sunshine]; 1b) marked by a diusspeech. ing sympathy or friendliness; 2) displaying or marked by genius; 3) of or relating to the chin. 1796. gibberish: rapid and incoherent talk; unintelligible chatter; jargon. 1783. genre: kind; class (as of works of literature, 1797. gibbous: hump backed. art etc). 1798. gibe: to jeer or taunt; sco (at). 1784. genteel: well bred; graceful in manners or in form. 1799. gimlet: a small tool for boring holes by turning it with the hand. 1785. gentility: 1) the condition of belonging to the gentry : gentlefolk, gentry; 2a) decorum 1800. gingerly: in a careful or cautious way. of conduct; 2b) attitudes or activity marked by false delicacy , prudery, or aectation; 2c) 1801. girth: a band put around the belly of a horse or other animals for holding a saddle, pack etc; superior social status or prestige evidenced by the circumference, as of a tree trunk or permanners , possessions or mode of life. sons waist. 1786. gentry: the class of people next below the 1802. gist: 1) the ground of a legal action; 2) the nobility; people of a particular class or group main point or part : essence. [the newspaper gentry]. 1803. glade: clear open spaces in woods or forests. 1787. genuect: to bend the knee, as in reverence or worship; to act in a submissive or servile 1804. glair: slimy substance. way. 1805. gleaned: to gather, discover,or nd out (facts) slowly and patiently. 1788. germane: truly relevant; pertinent; to the point. 1806. glib: 1a) marked by ease and informality : nonchalant; 1b) showing little forethought or 1789. germinal: 1a) being in the earliest stage of preparation : ohand [ answers]; 1c) lacking development; 1b) creative, productive; 2) of, depth and substance : supercial; 2) marked relating to or char of a germ cell or embryo. by ease and uency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful 1790. germination: doubling!. [a politician]. 1791. gerontocracy: a government by the elderly 1807. glibly: smoothly; to make glib; ie easy, facile, men of the society. uent and plausible. 1792. gerrymander: to rearrange voting districts in the interest of a particular party or candi- 1808. glimmer: 1a) to shine faintly or unsteadily; 1b) to give o a subdued unsteady reection; date; to manipulate so as to reach undue con2) to appear indistinctly with a faintly lumiclusions. nous quality; 3) an intermittent light. 1793. gestalt: a unied whole; a conguration, pat1809. glissade: to slide or glide down; act of sliding tern,or organized eld having specic properdown a slope; a gliding movement in dancing. ties that cannot be derived from summation of component parts. 1810. glitch: slide; glide; a minor malfunction; a false or spurious electronic signal. 1794. gestation: the act or period of carrying young in the uterus from conception to birth; preg- 1811. gloat: to gaze or think with exultation, nancy; a development,as of a plan in the mind. avarice or malicious pleasure : often with over. 58

1812. gloss over: to deal with a subject or problem 1828. gourmet: a person who likes and is an excellightly or not at all. lent judge of ne foods and drinks; epicure. 1813. glossary: a collection of textual glosses or of 1829. graduated: increasing in rate with increase specialized terms with their meanings. in taxable base : progressive. 1814. glower: 1) to look or stare with sullen an- 1830. noyance or anger; 2) a sullen brooding look of annoyance or anger. 1831. 1815. glut: 1) to ll up ,esp with food to satiety; 2) to ood (the market) with goods so that supply exceeds demand; 3) an excessive quantity 1832. : oversupply. 1833. 1816. glutinous: gluey; sticky. grandeur: splendor of appearance; loftiness of thought or deportment. grandiloquent: using high own, pompous , bombastic words and expressions. grandiose: grand or imposing. grandiose: having grandeur or magnicence; imposing, impressive; seeming or trying to seem very important; pompous and showy.

1817. gluttonous: inclined to eat too much and greedily. 1834. grange: a granary; add more here?. 1818. gnarled: knotted and twisted,as the trunk of 1835. an old tree; roughened , hardened, sinewy etc, as hands that do rough work. 1836. 1819. gnaw: 1) to cut, bite, and wear away bit by bit with the teeth; 2) to consume; wear away; corrode; 3) to torment, as by constant pain, fear, etc; harass. 1820. gnawing: 1) a sensation of dull, constant pain or suering; 2) [pl] pangs, esp of hunger.

granulate: to form or crystallize into grains or granules. graphic: 1) formed by writing, drawing or engraving; 2) marked by a clear lifelike or vividly realistic description; 3a) of , or relating to or of the pictorial arts; 3b) of, relating to, or involving such reproductive methods as those of engraving, etching, lithography, photography, serigraphy etc.

1821. gnome: 1) maxim, aphorism; 2) an ageless 1837. grate: to grind into shreds or particles by rubbing or scraping; to rub against (an object) and often deformed dwarf of folklore ho live in with a harsh, scraping sound; to grind (the the earth and usu guards treasure. teeth) together with a rasping sound; to irritate; annoy. 1822. gnomon: type of indicator. 1823. gonfalon: type of ag. 1824. gormandize: to eat too much. 1838. gratify: 1) to be a source of or give pleasure or satisfaction to; 2) to give in to : indulge, satisfy.

1825. gossamer: 1) a lm of cobwebs oating in air 1839. gratis: for nothing; without payment or recin calm clear weather; 2) sth light, delicate, ompense. or insubstantial [the of youths dreams]; 3) extremely light, delicate or tenuous. 1840. gratuitous: done or given for nothing; voluntary. 1826. gouge: 1) a chisel with a concavo-convex cross section; 2a) the act of gouging; 2b) a groove or 1841. gratuity: sth given voluntarily beyond oblicavity scooped out; 3) an excessive or improper gation usu for some service esp : tip. exaction : extortion. 1842. grave: crypt, catacomb, mausoleum, sepul1827. gourmand: a person with a hearty liking for cher. good food and drink and a tendency to indulge in them in excess. 1843. greenhorn: novice; inexperienced; tyro?. 59

1844. gregarious: living in herds or ocks; fond of 1862. gulch: a gully; a ravine or narrow rocky valley. the company of others; sociable. 1863. gullible: easily duped or cheated. 1845. grievance: 1) a cause of distress (as an unsatisfactory working condition) felt to aord 1864. gumption: shrewdness; common sense. reason for complaint or resistance; 2) the for- 1865. gustatory: of or having to do with tasting or mal expression of a grievance : complaint. the sense of taste. 1846. grill: to question intensely. 1866. gusto: taste, liking; keen enjoyment; enthusiastic appreciation; zest; relish; great vigor or 1847. grimace: a twisting or distortion of the face, liveliness. as in expressing pain, contempt. disgust, etc. or a wry look as in seeking to amuse. 1867. gusty: characterized by gusts of air or wind; characterized by sudden bursts or outbursts. 1848. grisly: terrifying; horrible; ghastly. 1849. grist: corn for grinding; supply portion; quan- 1868. gyrate: to revolve, spin, whirl; curved round in a coil. tity; prot. 1850. grotesque: bizarre; queer or strange; ludi- 1869. hackles: 1a) one of the long narrow feathers on the neck or saddle of a bird; 1b) the neck crously eccentric or strange; absurdly inconplumage of the domestic fowl; 2) a comb or gruous. board with long metal teeth for dressing ax, 1851. grotto: 1) cave; 2) an articial recess or struchemp, or jute; 3) erectile hairs along the neck ture made to resemble a natural cave. and back esp of a dog. 1852. grouse: to complain; grumble. 1870. hackneyed: cliched; dulled by over-much use; trite. 1853. grovel: to fawn, to snivel, cower; scorn, disdain, command. 1871. haft: knife handle. 1854. grudge: to envy and resent (someone) be- 1872. cause of that persons possession or enjoyment of (sth); begrudge [to grudge a person 1873. his success]; to give with reluctance [the miser grudged his dog its food]. 1874. 1855. gruel: a thin, easily digested porridge made by cooking meal in water or milk. 1856. grueling: extremely trying; exhausting. haggard: (obs) intractable; lean; hollow eyed. haggle: to argue about terms, price, etc; bargain, wrangle. halcyon: the kingsher once believed to make a oating nest on the sea which remained calm during hatching; calm; happy.

1875. hale: a) free from disease, defect or inrmity : sound; b) retaining exceptional health and 1857. gruesome: inspiring horror or repulsion : vigor. grisly. 1876. hallowed: made holy; consecrated. 1858. gru: 1) rough, brusque, or stern in manner, speech, or aspect [a reply]; 2) being deep 1877. hallucination: 1a) a perception of objects and harsh : hoarse [a voice]. with no reality usu arising from disorder of the nervous system or in response to drugs; 1b) the object so perceived; 2) an unfounded or mistaken impression or notion : delusion. 1878. halting: limping,awkward, or unsteady [a halting gait]; marked by hesitation or uncertainty, jerky, disconnected etc [halting speech].

1859. guaw: a loud, coarse burst of laughter. 1860. guile: artice, duplicity, deceit; candor, frankness, integrity. 1861. guise: 1) a form of style or dress : costume; 2a) external appearance : semblance : pretext.

60

1879. hamartiology: branch of theology dealing 1896. haughty: supercilious, disdainful, imperious; with sin. unpretentious, unassuming, bashful. 1880. hamate: hooked. 1897. hazy: somewhat vague, obscure, confused or indenite [hazy thinking]. headlong: 1) headrst; 2) without any deliberation : recklessly; 3) without pause or delay. headstrong: determined not to follow orders,advice etc but to do as one pleases; self-willed; showing such determination [headstrong desire].

1881. hamper: 1a) to restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles : impede; 1b) to interfere 1898. with the operation of : disrupt; 2) curb, restrain, encumber. 1899. 1882. hap: 1) happening; chance, fortune; 2) sth (as a bed, quilt or cloak) that serves as a covering or wrap. 1883. hapless: unfortunate; unlucky; luckless.

1900. healthy: salubrious, sanative, bracing; emaciated, weak, ailing.

1884. harangue: loud speech addressed to a multi1901. hearken: to hear attentively; to listen. tude; a pompous or wordy address. 1885. harass: to trouble, worry or torment, as with 1902. hebetude: dullness. cares, debts, repeated questions, etc; trouble 1903. heckle: to harass or try to disconcert, with by repeated raids or attacks etc; harry. questions, challenges or gibes : badger; bait. 1886. harbinger: a forerunner; pioneer; one sent 1904. hedonism: in ethics, the doctrine that pleabefore to provide lodging. sure is the highest good. 1887. harbor: to serve as or provide a place of pro- 1905. hedonist: epicure; glutton; sensualist. tection to ;shelter or house; conceal or hide; to be the dwelling place or habits of; to hold in 1906. heed: to pay close attention to ; take careful notice of. the mid; cling to [to harbor or grudge]. 1888. hardy: bold and resolute; daring; courageous; 1907. too bold; full or temerity; rash; able to withstand fatigue, privation etc; robust, vigorous; 1908. able to survive the winter without special care: said of a plant. 1909. 1889. harlequin: a pantomime character; a breed of small spotted dogs; buoon. 1910. 1890. harmonic: in harmony; concordant. 1891. harp: to persist in talking or writing or tediously or continuously (on or upon sth). hegemony: leadership; preponderant inuence esp of one state over another. heinous: agrant, nefarious, infernal; laudable, ethical, exemplary. heinous: wicked in a high degree; odious. henchman: a servant or page; an active political partisan esp from self interest.

1911. heresy: a religious belief opposed to the orthodox doctrines of a church, esp such a belied specically denounced by the church; the rejection of a belief that is part of church dogma; 1892. harrow: to tear or harass; to acutely distress. any opinion (in philosophy, politics,etc) op1893. harry: to raid esp repeatedly and ravage or posed to ocial or established views or docrob; pillage; plunder; to torment or worry; hatrines. rass; to force or push along. 1912. heresy: belief contrary to the authorized 1894. hasten: accelerate, expedite, sprint, scamper; teaching of ones natural religious community; drudge, doddle, linger. heterodoxy. 1895. hatchment: heraldic panel. 1913. heretic: an upholder of heresy. 61

1914. heretic: dissenter, nonconformist, apostate, 1929. higgle: to make diculty in bargaining; to renegade;. chaer. 1915. hermetic: belonging in any way to the beliefs 1930. hilarious: noisily merry; boisterous; gay; procurrent in the middle ages; magical. ducing great merriment; very funny. 1916. hermetic: magical; alchemic; hard to under- 1931. hindmost: farthest back; closest to the rear. stand; obscure; completely sealed by fusion, soldering etc so as to keep air or gas from get- 1932. hinterland: the land or district behind that bordering on a coast or river; specif an inting in or out; airtight. land region claimed by the state that owns the 1917. hermit: a person who lives alone in a lonely coast; an area far from big cities and towns; or secluded spot, often from religious motives; back country. recluse. 1933. hireling: a person who is for hire, esp one who 1918. herpetology: the branch of zoology having to will follow anyones orders for pay; mercenary. do with the study of reptiles and amphibians. 1934. hirsute: hairy; shaggy; bristly. 1919. heterodox: departing from or opposed to the usu beliefs or established doctrines esp in reli- 1935. histrionic: theatrical. gion; inclined towards heresy; unorthodox. 1936. histrionics: relating to the stage or stage 1920. heterogenous: variant, discordant, conglomplayers; an articial or aected manner, diserate; homogeneous, identical, conforming. play of emotions etc. 1921. heuristic: the art of discovery in logic; serving 1937. hoary: white or greyish white esp with age or or leading to nd out. frost. 1922. hew: 1) to cut with blows of a heavy cutting 1938. instrument; 2) to fell by blows of an axe; 3) to give form and shape to as with heavy cutting blows [ed their farms from the wilderness]. 1939. 1923. heyday: the time of greatest health; exaltation of spirits; culmination of vigor, prosperity, 1940. gaiety; ush or full bloom. hoax: 1) to trick into believing or accepting as genuine sth false and often preposterous; 2) an act of intended trick or fraud. hobbledehoy: a gawky lad. hogwash: thin worthless stu; the refuse of a kitchen, brewery etc given to pigs.

1924. hiatus: a break where a part is missing or lost, 1941. holocaust: an oering the whole of which is as in a manuscript; lacuna; an opening; a gap; burnt; a huge slaughter or destruction of life. a break in continuity. 1942. holy: haloed, immaculate, sanctied; lascivi1925. hibernal: of or pertaining to winter; wintry. ous, blasphemous, sacrilegious. 1926. hibernal: wintry. 1943. homage: ath given or done to show reverence, honor or respect; usu with do or pay [to pay 1927. hierarchy: a group of persons or things arhomage to a hero]. ranged in order of rank, grade, class etc. 1928. hieroglyphic: a picture or symbol represent- 1944. ing a word, syllable, or sound, used by the ancient Egyptians and others instead of alphabetical letters; [usu pl] a method of writing using hieroglyphics; picture writing; a symbol, sign etc hard to understand; [pl] writing hard to decipher. 62 homeostasis: the tendency to maintain or the maintenance of normal, internal stability in; an organism by coordinated responses of the organ systems that automatically; compensate for environmental changes; any analogous maintenance of stability or equilibrium,as within a social group.

1945. homespun: spun or made at home; plain, un- 1963. hubris: wanton insolence resulting from excessive pride or from passion; arrogance such pretentious; homely. as which invites disaster. 1946. homily: 1) usu a short sermon; 2) a lecture 1964. huckster: a retailer of small wares; a mean, or discourse on or of a moral theme. haggling fellow. 1947. homomorphic: like in form. 1965. humane: having what are considered the best qualities of human beings; kind, tender, mer1948. hone: a ne-grained, hard stone used to ciful, sympathetic etc; civilizing, humanizing. sharpen cutting tools. lacking 1949. honed: to pine, moan or grieve; to sharpen 1966. humdrum: monotonous; boring. on a stone. variety; dull,

1950. honorics: attributing or doing honour. (e.g. 1967. hummock: a low, rounded hill; knoll; hillock; a ridge or rise in an ice eld; a tract of fertile, Sir, Maharaj) heavily wooded land, higher than a surrounding marshy area. 1951. hoodwink: to blindfold; to deceive, impose on . 1968. hurtle: to dash (against or together) with great force or crushing impact; collide; to move 1952. horde: a nomadic tribe or clan of Mongols; swiftly and with great force. any wandering tribe or group; a large moving crowd or throng. 1969. husbandry: the business of a farmer; eco1953. horipilation: standing up of hair on end. nomical management; thrift. 1970. hustings: election platform. 1954. hortatory: serving to encourage or urge to good deeds; exhorting; giving advice. 1971. hyaline: glassy. 1955. horticulture: the art or science of growing 1972. hybrid: the ospring produced by crossing two individuals of unlike genetic composition; owers, fruits, vegetables, and shrubs esp in ath of mixed origin, unlike parts etc. gardens or orchards. 1956. hospice: a house of entertainment for 1973. hydrophobia: an abnormal fear of water; rabies. strangers esp one kept by monks; a home of refuge. 1974. hyperbole: exaggeration for eect and not meant to be taken literally. 1957. hovel: a low open shed as for sheltering animals or storing supplies or equipment; any 1975. small, miserable dwelling. 1976. 1958. hover: to stay suspended or utter in the air, near one place; to linger or wait close by esp in an overprotective, insistent or anxious way; to 1977. be in an uncertain condition; waver (between). 1959. hoyden: a tomboy. 1960. hoyden: a tomboy; a romp. 1961. hub: the center of activity; focal point. hyperborean: frigid. hypercritical: too critical; too severe in judgement; hard to please. hypochondria: abnormal anxiety over ones health, often with imaginary illnesses and severe melancholy.

1978. hypocrisy: 1) a feigning to be what one is not or to believe what one does not; esp the false assumption of an appearance of virtue and religion.

1962. hubbub: a confused sound of many voices; 1979. hypothecate: to place or assign as security uproar; tumult. under an arrangement to mortgage. 63

1980. hypothesis: an unproved theory, proposition, 1994. ignoramus: an ignorant person; esp one presupposition etc tentatively accepted to explain tending to knowledge. certain facts or to provide a basis for further 1995. illative: inferential. investigation, argument etc. 1981. ibid: in the same place. 1996. illicit: not permitted; unlawful.

1982. ichthyology: the branch of zoology dealing 1997. illimitable: without limits or bounds; immeasurable. with shes, their structure, classication, and life history. 1998. illuminate: 1a) to enlighten spiritually or intellectually; 1b(i)] to supply or brighten with 1983. icon: an image; gure; representation specif light; 1b(ii)] to make luminous or shining; 1c) any of various stylized gures, as displayed on to subject to radiation; 2) to make clear : elua computer screen, representing available funccidate. tions or resources. 1984. iconoclast: 1) one who destroys religious im- 1999. illusive: illusory. ages and opposes their veneration; 2) one who 2000. illusory: based on or producing illusion : deattacks settled beliefs or institutions. ceptive; apparent. 1985. ictus: verse stress (how the stress is laid in a 2001. imbalance: lack of balance; the state of being particular line as in elocuting the verse). out of equilibrium or out of proportion. 1986. ideology: 1) visionary theorizing; 2a) a sys- 2002. tematic body of concepts esp about human life or culture; 2b) the manner or content of thinking char of an individual, group or culture. 1987. idiosyncrasy: the temperament or mental constitution peculiar to a person or group; any 2003. personal peculiarity or mannerism; an individual reaction to a drug, food, etc that is dierent from the reaction of most people. 2004. 1988. idolatry: concerned with the worship of idols; excessive love. 1989. idyllic: happily innocent; rustic; pastoral. 2005. 1990. igneous: of, containing or having the nature of re; ery; produced by the action of re; 2006. specif formed by volcanic action or intense heat,as rocks solidied from molten magma at or below the surface of the earth. 2007. 1991. ignoble: not noble in birth or position; of the common people; not noble in character or qual- 2008. ity; dishonorable; base; mean. imbecile: 1) a mentally decient person; esp a feeble minded person having a mental age of three to seven years and requiring supervision in the performance of routine daily tasks of self-care. imbecility: 1) the quality or state of being an imbecile; 2a) utter foolishness : futility; 2b) sth that is foolish or nonsensical. imbibe: 1) [archaic] soak, steep; 2a) to receive into the mind and retain; 2b) to assimilate or take into solution; 3a) drink; 3b) to take in or up. imbricate: overlap evenly. imbroglio: an involved and confusing situation state of confusion and complication; a confused misunderstanding or disagreement. imbrue: drench, stain, esp with blood. imbue: 1) to permeate or inuence as if by dyeing [the spirit that s the new constitution]; 2) to tinge or dye deeply.

1992. ignominious: dishonorable, shameful, scandalous; honorable, reputable, esteemable. 2009. immaculate: spotless; unstained; pure. 1993. ignominy: public disgrace; infamy. 2010. immanent: intrinsical; inherent. 64

2011. imminent: likely to happen without delay; 2024. impending; threatening: said of danger, evil, misfortune. 2025. 2012. immolate: 1) to oer in sacrice; esp to kill as a sacricial victim; 2) to kill or destroy often 2026. by re.

impecunious: having no money; poor; penniless. impede: to bar or hinder the progress of ; obstruct or delay. impediment: ath that impedes; specif : a speech defect; stutter, lisp, stammer etc: ath preventing the making of a legal contract esp of a marriage contract.

2013. immune: 1a) free, exempt [ from taxes]; 1b) marked by protection [some criminal leaders are from arrest]; 2) not susceptible or re2027. impending: hovering threateningly or mensponsive [ to all pleas]. acingly. 2014. immure: to shut up within or as within walls; imprison; conne or seclude; to entomb in a 2028. impenitent: without regret, shame or remorse; unrepentant. wall. 2015. immutable: tated/changed. 2016. which cannot be

2017.

2018. 2019.

mu- 2029. imperative: mandatory, inexorable, peremptory, preponderant, decretory, exigent; discretionary, voluntary, optional. impair: to damage or make worse or as if by diminishing in some material respect [his 2030. imperative: urgently necessary. health was ed by overwork]. 2031. imperceivable: which cannot be perceived. impale: to fence in with stakes; to surround 2032. imperceptible: not discernible. with a border; to put to death by spitting on a stake; to transx. 2033. imperious: authoritative; assuming command; domineering. impalpable: nor perceivable by touch; extremely ne grained. 2034. imperious: overbearing, arrogant, domineering, etc; urgent; imperative. impalpable: that cannot be felt by touching; too slight or subtle to be grasped easily by the 2035. impermeable: not permeable; not permitmind. ting uids to pass thru it, impenetrable. impertinent: not pertinent; having no connection with a given matter; irrelevant; not showing proper respect or manners; saucy; insolent,impudent.

2020. impasse: a passage open only at one end; 2036. blind alley; a situation oering no escape as a diculty without solution, an argument where no agreement is possible etc; deadlock.

2021. impassive: not feeling pain; not liable to suf- 2037. impertinent: saucy; impudent. fering; insensible; not feeling or showing emotion; placid; calm. 2038. imperturbable: that cannot be disconcerted, disturbed or excited; impassive. 2022. impeach: 1a) to bring and accusation against; 1b) to charge with a crime or misdemeanor, 2039. impervious: incapable of being passed thru specif; to charge (a public ocial) before a or penetrated; not aected by: with to [impercompetent tribunal with misconduct in oce; vious to pity]. 2) to cast doubt on , esp to challenge the cred2040. impetuous: momentum; incentive; moving ibility or validity of. with great force or violence; having great impe2023. impeccable: faultless; which cannot be found tus; rushing; furious ; acting or done suddenly fault with. with little thought; rash; impulsive. 65

2041. impetus: 1) a driving force; impulse; 2) in- 2054. imponderable: not ponderable; specif: that centive, stimulus; stimulus or encouragement cannot be weighed or measured : that cannot resulting in increased activity. be conclusively determined or explained. 2042. impiety: a lack of piety; specif : lack of rev- 2055. erence for God : lack of respect or dutifulness as toward a parent. 2056. 2043. impinge: to strike, hit or dash (on , upon or against sth); to touch (on or upon); to have an eect [an idea that impinges on ones mind]; to make inroads or encroach (on or upon the 2057. property or rights of another). import: to mean; signify [an action that imports trouble]. importunate: urgent or persistent in asking or demanding; insistent; refusing to be denied; annoyingly urgent or persistent. importune: to trouble with requests or demands; urge or entreat persistently or repeatedly.

2044. impious: wanting in veneration as for gods, parents etc. 2058. imposter: a person who deceives or cheats others esp by pretending to be someone or sth 2045. implacable: which cannot be placated; inexthat he or she is not. orable; irreconcilable. 2046. implausible: sth not plausible; provoking dis- 2059. imposture: 1) the act or practice of deceiving by means of an assumed character or name; belief. see: fraud, sham, fake, humbug, counterfeit. 2047. implement: 1) carry out , accomplish esp to give practical eect to and ensure of actual ful- 2060. impotent: lacking physical strength; weak; ineective, powerless or helpless [impotent llment by concrete measures. rage]; unable to engage in sexual intercourse 2048. implicate: incriminate, impute, stigmatise, esp because of an inability to have an erection. impeach; absolve, condone, approve. 2061. impoverish: to make poor. 2049. implication: 1) close connection, esp incriminating involvement; 2a) the act of implying : 2062. imprecation: abuse; curse; prayer for or invocation (of evil, a curse etc) [to imprecate disthe state of being implied; 2b(i)] a logical reaster upon ones foe]. lation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the rst is true and the second is false; 2b(ii)] a logical relationship between two 2063. impregnable: that which cannot be taken; unshakable; unyielding; rm [an impregnable propositions in which if the rst is true the secbelief]. ond is true; 3a) sth implied as a suggestion; 3b) a possible signicance [the book has political 2064. impresario: manager of an opera company. s]. 2050. implicit: suggested or to be understood 2065. imprison: immure, incarcerate, detain; release, reprieve, extricate, disenthrall. though not plainly expressed; implied; without reservation or doubt; unquestionable; ab2066. impromptu: improvised; ohand; without solute. prior preparation; composed or uttered without any previous preparation : extemporane2051. implore: 1) to call upon in supplication; beous. seech; entreat. 2052. impolitic: not politic; unwise; injudicious; in- 2067. improvident: failing to provide for the future; lacking foresight or thrift. expedient. 2053. imponderable: not able to be weighed or es- 2068. improvident: not prudent; timated. wanting foresight. 66 thoughtless;

2069. improvised: to compose, or simultaneously 2085. compose and perform, on the spur of the moment; and without preparation; extemporize; to make , bring about or do on the spur of the moment [to improvise a solution to a problem]; 2086. to make, provide, or do with the tools and material at hand, usu to ll an; unforeseen and immediate need.

incandescent: glowing with intense heat; red-hot or esp white hot; very bright; shining brilliantly; glowing. incantation: the chanting of magical words or formulas that are supposed to cast a spell or perform other magic.

2087. incapacitate: to make unable or unt esp to make incapable of normal activity. 2070. imprudent: not prudent; without thought of the consequences; lacking in judgement or cau2088. incarcerate: to imprison; jail; to shut up; tion; rash; indiscreet. conne. 2071. imprudent: wanting foresight or discretion; 2089. incarnate: 1) to give bodily form or subie incautious, inconsiderate. stance to; actualize (give concrete form to). 2072. impugn: to oppose; to attack by words or 2090. incarnate: 1a) vested with bodily and esp huarguments; to call in question. man nature and form; 1b) made manifest or comprehensible : embodied [a end ]; 2) in2073. impuissance: lack of power; weakness. carnadine [ clover]. 2074. impunity: freedom or safety from punish2091. incarnation: 1a(i)] the embodiment of a dement or ill consequences. ity or spirit in some earthly form; 1a(ii)] [cap] the union of divinity with humanity in Jesus 2075. imputation: 1) the act of imputing as : atChrist; 1b) a concrete and actual form of a tribution, ascription; 2) accusation; 3) insinuquality or concept ; esp a person showing a ation. trait or typical character to a marked degree 2076. impute: to attribute, to reproach, to indict, [she is the of goodness]; 2) a particular physto inculpate; extenuate, palliate, exculpate, ical form or state : version [in another he exonerate. might be a rst vice-president]. 2077. inadvertence: oversight. 2078. 2079. 2080. 2081. 2082. 2092. incendiaries: one who maliciously sets re to property; one who inames passions or proinadvertent: not attentive or observant; motes strife. heedless; due to oversight; unintentional. 2093. incendiary: having to do with the willful inalienable: that may not be taken away or destruction of property by re; causing or transferred. designed to cause res,as certain substances, bombs etc. inane: empty; vacant; vapid?; lacking sense of meaning; foolish, silly. 2094. incense: 1) material used to produce a fragrant odor when burned; 2) the perfume exinanimate: not animate; not endowed with haled from some spices when burned ; broadly (animal) life; not animated; dull; spiritless. a pleasing scent; 3) pleasing attention : atinanition: emptiness. tery. 2095. incense: to arouse the extreme anger and indignation of.

2083. inarticulate: unable to put into words.

2084. inaugurate: to induct (an ocial) into oce with a formal ceremony; to make a formal be- 2096. incentive: sth that stimulates one to take ginning of; to celebrate formally the rst public action, work harder etc; stimulus; encourageuse of; dedicate [to inaugurate a new library]. ment. 67

2097. inception: the beginning of sth; start; commencement. 2098. incessant: never ceasing; continuing or being repeated without stopping or in a way that seems endless.

compatible : as ; a) incapable of association or harmonious coexistence [ colors]; b) unsuitable for use together because of undesirable chemical or physiological eects; c) not both true [ propositions].

2111. incongruity: inconsistent; disjointed; unsuit2099. inchoate: only begun; unnished; rudimenable. tary; not yet clearly or completely formed or 2112. incongruous: inappropriate, incompatible, organized; disordered. variform; homologous, cognate, apposite. 2100. incidence: 1a) angle of incidence; 1b) the arrival of sth (as a projectile or a ray of light) at 2113. inconsequential: 1a) illogical; 1b) irrelevant; 2) of no signicance : unimportant. a surface; 2a) the act or the fact or manner of falling upon or aecting : occurrence; 2b) rate 2114. inconsistent: lacking consistency as; a) not of occurrence or inuence [a high of crime]. compatible with another fact or claim [ state2101. incipient: in the rst state of existence; just beginning to exist or to come to notice [an incipient illness]. 2102. incisive: cutting into; sharp; keen; penetrating; acute [an incisive mind]. ments]; b) containing incompatible elements; c) incoherent or illogical in thought or actions : changeable.

2115. incontinent: a(i)] lacking self restraint; a(ii)] not being under control; b) unable to retain a bodily discharge (as urine) voluntarily; b) without any moral restraint : lewd. 2103. incite: to move to action : stir up : urge on : spur on; foment. 2116. incontrovertible: that cannot be contro2104. inclement: severe; stormy; harsh. verted; not disputable or debatable; undeniable.

2105. inclusive: including or tending to include; 2117. incorporeal: not consisting of matter; withesp taking everything into account; reckoning out material body or substance; of spirits or everything; including the terms, limits or exangels; without physical existence in itself but tremes mentioned. belonging as a right to a material things or property as a patent, copyright etc. 2106. incogitancy: absence or want of thought; fatuity; inanity. 2118. incorrigible: not corrigible; that cannot be corrected, improved or reformed esp because 2107. incognito: 1) with ones identity concealed; rmly established as a habit or because set in 2) the state or assumed identity of one living bad habits as a child. or traveling incognito . 2108. incoherent: 1) lacking coherence as ; a) lack- 2119. ing cohesion : loose; b) lacking orderly conti- 2120. nuity, arrangement, or relevance : inconsistent; 2) lacking clarity or intelligibility : incompre2121. hensible. incrassate: thicken. incredulity: unwillingness or inability to believe; doubt; skepticism. incredulous: hard of belief; not believing.

2109. incommodious: causing inconvenience; 2122. increment: 1) the act or process of increasing esp in quantity or value : enlargement; 2a) sth uncomfortable; troublesome; inconveniently grained or added; 2b) one of a regular series of small, narrow etc. additions; 2c) a minute increase in quantity; 2110. incompatible: 1) incapable of being held by 3) the amount or degree by which sth changes, one person at one timeused of oces that esp : the amount of positive or negative change make conicting demands of the holder; 2) not in the value of one or more set of variables. 68

2123. incriminating: to charge with a crime or 2136. indenture: a written agreement between two fault. or more parties; a contract. 2124. incubate: 1) to sit on (eggs) so as to hatch 2137. by the warmth of the body; also : to maintain 2138. (as an embryo or a chemically active system) under conditions favorable for hatching, development or reaction; 2) to cause (as an idea) to develop. 2125. incubus: an evil spirit or demon thought in 2139. medieval times to descend upon and have sexual intercourse with women; a nightmare; ath oppressive; burden. indenture: a written contract. indeterminate: not determinate; specif : inexact in its limits, nature etc; indenite; uncertain; vague [an indeterminate amount]; not yet settled, concluded or known; doubtful or inconclusive. indict: 1) to charge with a fault or oense : criticize, accuse; 2) to charge with a crime by the nding or presentiment of a jury (as a grand jury) in due form of law.

2126. inculcate: to impress upon the mind by fre- 2140. indierence: apathy, impassivity, hebequent repetition or persistent urging. tude, supineness, insusceptibility; sensitiveness, warmth, liveliness. 2127. inculcation: to enforce by frequent admonitions and repetitions. 2141. indigenous: existing, growing or produced naturally in a region or country; belonging (to) 2128. incumbent: 1) the holder of an oce or ecas a native; innate; inherent; inborn. clesiastical benece; 2) occupant; 3) imposed as a duty : obligatory; 4) obligatory, binding, 2142. indigent: poverty stricken; destitute. unavoidable; 5) leaning, hanging over. 2143. indignation: anger or scorn that is a reaction to injustice, ingratitude, or meanness; righ2129. incumbent: lying, resting or pressing with its teous anger. weight on sth else; currently in oce. 2130. incunabula: early printed books; A work of 2144. indignity: sth the humiliates, insults or injures the dignity or self-respect; aront. art or of human industry, of an early epoch; especially, a book printed before A. D. 1500. 2145. indiscreet: imprudent; injudicious. 2131. incur: to come into or acquire (sth undesir- 2146. able) [to incur a debt]; to become subject to thru ones own action; bring upon oneself [to incur someones wrath]. 2132. incursion: a running or coming in esp when 2147. undesired; inroad; a sudden brief invasion or raid. 2148. 2133. indefatigable: that cannot be tired out; not yielding to fatigue. 2149. 2134. indemnify: to protect against or keep free from loss, damage etc; insure; to repay for what has been lost or damaged; compensate 2150. for a loss etc; reimburse; to redeem or make good (a loss). 2151. 2135. indemnity: punishment. indiscriminate: not based on careful selection or a discerning taste; confused, random or promiscuous; not discriminating; not making careful choices or distinctions. indispensable: which cannot be dispensed with. indisputable: that cannot be doubted or disputed; unquestionable. indissoluble: that cannot be dissolved , decomposed, broken or destroyed; rm, stable, lasting, permanent. indite: to put in writing; compose and write. indoctrinate: to instruct in any doctrine.

security from damage loss or 2152. indolent: disliking or avoiding work; idle; lazy. 69

2153. indolent: indisposed to activity; lazy.

2172. infamous: having a very bad reputation; notorious; in disgrace or dishonour; causing or 2154. indolent: slack, sluggish, soporic, languid; deserving a bad reputation; scandalous. spry, bustling, diligent. 2173. infantile: like, suitable for , or characteristic 2155. indomitable: not to be overcome. of an infant; childish or childlike; babyish; immature; in the earliest stage of development. 2156. indubitable: certain; which cannot be doubted. 2174. infernal: of the ancient mythological world 2157. inductive: 1) leading on : inducing; 2) of, relating to, or employing mathematical or logical induction; 3) introductory. of the dead; of hell; hellish, diabolic, endish, inhumane. 2175. indel: unbelieving; skeptical.

2158. indulge: to take unrestrained pleasure in; 2176. indelity: unfaithfulness esp in the marriage gratify; to yield to the desire of : humor; contract. to treat with excessive leniency, generosity or consideration. 2177. inltrate: 1) to cause (as a liquid) to permeate sth by penetrating its pores or interstices; 2159. indulgent: 1) characterized by indulgence; le2) to pass into or thru (a substance) by lternient. ing or permeating; 3) to pass (troops) singly or in small groups thru gaps in the enemy line; 2160. inebriated: drunk; excited; exhilarated. 4) to enter or become established in gradually 2161. inebriety: drunkenness; intoxication. or unobtrusively usu for subversive purposes. 2162. ineable: to overwhelming to be expressed 2178. innitesimal: immeasurably or incalculably or described in words; inexpressible [ineable small. beauty]; too awesome or scared to be spoken 2179. innitude: boundlessness; vastness. [Gods ineable name]. 2163. ineectual: not eectual; not producing or 2180. inrm: not rm or strong physically; weak; feeble, as from old age; not rm in mind or not able to produce the desired eect. purpose; not resolute; vacillating; not stable, 2164. ineluctable: inescapable; inevitable. rm or sound; frail, shaky, as a structure; not secure or valid [an inrm title to property]. 2165. inept: unt; irrelevant and futile; fatuous. 2166. inequity: lack of equity; an unjust action. 2167. 2168. 2181. inrmity: 1a) the quality or state of being frail; 1b) the condition of being feeble : frailty; 2) disease, malady; 3) a personal failing : foible inerrant: not erring; making no mistakes; in[one of the besetting inrmities of living creafallible. tures is egotism]. inertia: a tendency to remove in a xed condition without change; disinclination to move 2182. inated: 1) elaborated or heightened by articial or empty means [an style of writing]; or act. 2) distended with air or gas; 3) expanded to inevitable: incapable of being avoided or an abnormal or unjustiable volume or level. evaded. 2183. infraction: violation esp of law;infringement. inexorable: not to be moved by entreaty; un2184. infringe: trespass; breach. relenting; unyielding.

2169. 2170.

2171. infallible: not liable to fail, go wrong, make 2185. ingenious: skillful in invention; of good nata mistake etc; dependable; reliable, sure. ural abilities. 70

2186. ingenuous: free from deception; frank; hon- 2204. inordinate: excessive, profuse, intemperate; orable. meager, sparse, scanty. 2187. ingrained: 1) worked into the grain or ber; 2205. 2) forming a part of the essence or inmost being : deep-seated [ prejudice]. 2206. 2188. ingrate: an ungrateful person. 2207. 2189. ingratiating: pleasing; commending to grace or favor; esp to bring (oneself) into anothers favor or good graces by conscious eort. 2208. 2190. ingress: entrance; inux; incursion.(opp egress-exit; eux). 2209. 2191. inherent: innate; natural. 2192. inhibit: 1) to prohibit from doing sth; 2a) 2210. to hold in check : restrain; 2b) to discourage 2211. from free or spontaneous activity esp thru the operation of inner psychological impediments or of social controls. 2193. inimical: unfriendly; hostile; unfavorable. 2194. 2195. 2196. 2197. 2198. 2199. 2200. inquest: act of inquiring before a jury esp in case of violent or sudden death. inquisition: judicial inquiry. inquisitor: one who inquires or makes inquisition, esp one who is unduly harsh, severe or hostile in making an inquiry. insalubrious: not salubrious; not healthful; unwholesome. insatiable: constantly wanting more; that cannot be satised or appeased; very greedy. inscrutable: enigmatic. inscrutable: that cannot be easily understood; completely obscure or mysterious; unfathomable; enigmatic.

2212. insensate: 1) lacking sense or understanding; foolish; 2) lacking animate awareness or sensation; 3) lacking humane feeling : brutal. inimitable: that cannot be imitated or matched; too good to be equaled or copied. 2213. insensible: 1) imperceptible [dampened by an dew]; broadly: slight : slight, gradual iniquitous: nefarious, vicious, infamous; up[ motion]; 2) incapable or bereft of feeling right, virtuous, equitable. or sensation as ; a) not endowed with life or spirit : insentient [ earth]; b) unconscious injunction: order; precept; exhortation. [knocked ]; c) lacking sensory perception or injurious: pernicious, detrimental, disadvanability to react; 3) lacking emotional response tageous; benecial, useful, favorable. : apathetic, indierent; 4) lacking delicacy or renement. inkling: an indirect suggestion; slight indication; hint; a vague idea or notion; suspicion. 2214. insidious: designing, wily, crafty; frank, candid, sincere. innate: inborn. 2215. insidious: watching an opportunity to eninnocuous: harmless, salutary, refreshing; snare; deceptive; treacherous. not likely to give oense or arouse strong feeling of hostility; opp noxious, deleterious, 2216. insinuate: to give indirect hints of a derogamalecent, baneful. tory nature.

2201. innuendo: insinuation; indirect reference or 2217. insipid: tasteless; wanting spirit or interest; intimation. dull. 2202. inopportune: not opportune; coming or hap- 2218. insipid: without avor; tasteless; not exciting pening at a poor time; not appropriate. or interesting; dull. 2203. inordinate: disproportionate; huge. 2219. insolent: rude; overbearing; insulting. 71

2220. insolvent: 1a) unable to pay debts as they fall 2234. due in the usu course of business; having liabilities in excess of a reasonable market value of assets held; 1b) insucient to pay all debts [an state]; 1c) not up to a normal standard or complement : impoverished; 2) relating to or for the relief of insolvents. 2235. 2221. insomnia: prolonged and usu abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep.

intangible: incapable of being perceived by touch; not denite or clear to the mind; that represents value but either has no intrinsic value or no material being [stocks and bonds are intangible property, goodwill is an intangible asset]. integral: 1a) essential to completeness : constituent [an part]; 1b) formed as a unit with another part [a seat with headrest]; 2) lacking nothing essential : entire.

2222. insouciant: careless, unconcerned, reckless; 2236. integrate: 1) to form, coordinate, or blend [opp. are] prudent, circumspect, wary. into a functioning or unied whole : unite; 2a) to unite with sth else; 2b) to incorporate into 2223. inspissate: make thick. a larger unit; 3a) to end the segregation of and bring into equal membership in society or an 2224. instigated: to urge on; to incite. organization. 2225. insubordinate: not submissive to authority. 2237. integrity: 1) rm adherence to a code of esp moral or artistic values : incorruptibility; 2) an 2226. insubstantial: not substantial; specif : not unimpaired condition : soundness; 3) the qualreal, imaginary; not solid or rm; weak or ity or state of being complete or undivided. imsy. 2227. insuerable: detestable; that cannot be en- 2238. integument: outer covering. dured. 2239. intellect: 1a) the power of knowing as distinguished from the power to feel and to will 2228. insuerable: intolerable, appalling, excruci: the capacity for knowledge; 1b) the capacating; soothing, emollient, agreeable. ity for rational or intelligent thought esp when highly developed; 2) a person with great intel2229. insular: 1a) of, relating to, or constituting an lectual powers. island; 1b) dwelling or situated on an island [ residents]; 2) char of an isolated people, esp : 2240. intelligentsia: the people regarded as or rebeing, having, or reecting a narrow provincial garding themselves a the educated and enlightviewpoint; 3) of or relating to an island of cells ened class; intellectuals collectively. or tissues. 2241. intemperate: indulging to excess any ap2230. insuperable: which cannot be overcome or petite or passion. surmounted. 2242. intercalate: insert a day in a calendar. 2231. insupportable: unjustied; or that cannot 2243. intercede: to act as peacemaker between two. be supported by ath. 2232. insurgent: rising up against established au- 2244. thority; rebellious specif; designating or of a 2245. revolt or rebellion not well enough organized to be recognized in international law as belligerence; designating or of a faction in revolt 2246. against the leadership of a political party. 2247. 2233. insurrection: a rising or revolt; rebellion. 72 intercept: to stop in passage. intercession: act of interceding or pleading for another. interdict: to prohibit; to forbid. interim: the period of time between; meantime.

2248. interlocution: collocution; colloquy; conver- 2262. intractable: not tractable; specif : hard to sation; confabulation. manage; unruly or stubborn; hard to work, manipulate, cure, treat etc. 2249. interloper: one who trades without license; 2263. intramural: within walls; included within the an intrudes or meddle in others aairs. college. 2250. intermediary: acting between others; inter2264. intransigent: refusing to compromise, come mediate agent. to an agreement or be reconciled; uncompro2251. interminable: endless; boundless. mising. 2252. internecine: deadly or harmful to both sides 2265. intrepid: fearless; dauntless. of a group involved in a conict as a civil war; mutually destructive or harmful; of or involv- 2266. intrigue: conspiracy, machination, ruse; innocence, honesty, sincerity. ing conict within a group. 2253. interpolate: 1a) to alter or corrupt (as a text) 2267. by inserting new or foreign matter; 1b) to insert (words) into a text or into a conversation; 2268. 2) to insert between other things or parts : intercalate. 2269. 2254. interpose: intervene, intercede, intercept, interpolate; withhold, disregard, ignore. 2270. 2255. interpose: to put in by way of interruption. 2256. interregnum: an interval between two successive reigns, when the country has no 2271. sovereign; a suspension of governmental or administrative functions; period without the usu 2272. ruler, governor etc; any break in a series or in a continuity; interval. intrinsic: innate, ingrained, syngenic; extrinsic, extraneous, external. intrinsicality: quintessence. immanence; inherence;

introspective: to look into the mind; thinking deeply; observation and analysis of oneself. introvert: to direct (ones interest, mind or attention) upon oneself; introspect; to bend (sth) inward. intrusion: something forced in;. inundate: to cover or engulf with a ood; deluge; to overwhelm with a rush or great amount of ath.

2257. interrogate: to ask questions of formally in 2273. inure: to make accustomed to sth dicult, painful etc; habituate. examining. 2258. interspersion: to scatter or set here and 2274. invalidate: to make invalid; esp to weaken or destroy the cogency of; nullify. there. 2259. intervene: 1) to occur, fall or come between 2275. points of time or events; 2) to enter or appear as an irrelevant or extraneous feature or cir2276. cumstance; 3) to come in or between by way of hindrance or modication [ to sop a ght]; 4a) to become a third party to a legal pro- 2277. ceeding begun by others for the protection of an alleged interest. 2278. 2260. intimate: to make known indirectly; hint or imply. 2279. 2261. intimidate: to strike fear into; to inuence by threats and violence. 73 invariably: change. undoubtedly; not capable of

invasion: incursion, inroad, foray; fortication, escarpment, rampart, bulwark. invective: abuses; inveighing; using, inclined to use or characterized by strong verbal abuse. inveigh: to make a violent verbal attack; talk or write bitterly (against); rail. inveigle: to lead on with deception; entice or trick into doing or giving sth, going somewhere etc.

2280. inveterate: deep rooted; conrmed in any 2294. irreconcilable: that cannot be reconciled; habit. that cannot be brought into agreement; incompatible; conicting or inconsistent. 2281. invidious: odious, vexatious, obnoxious; giv2295. irredeemable: which cannot be redeemed ie ing oense. bought back. 2282. inviolable: not to be violated; not to be 2296. irrepressible: that which cannot be crushed. profaned or injured; sacred [an inviolable promise]; that cannot be violated; indestruc- 2297. irresolute: not resolute; wavering in decision, tible [the inviolable heavens]. purpose or opinion; indecisive; vacillating. 2283. inviolate: uninjured; unprofaned. 2298. irreverent: lacking proper respect or seriousness; also : satiric. irrevocable: which cannot be recalled; unalterable. isthmus: a narrow strip of land having water at each side and connecting two bodies of land.

2284. invoke: 1a) to petition for health or support; 1b) to appeal to or cite as authority; 2) to call 2299. forth by incantation : conjure; 3) to make an earnest request for : solicit; 4) to put into eect 2300. or operation : implement.

2285. invulnerable: not vulnerable specif; that 2301. itinerary: traveling plan; a record of a journey; a guidebook for travelers. cannot be wounded or injured; proof against attack; unassailable. 2302. jaded: tired; worn out; wearied; dulled or satiated, as from over indulgence. 2286. iota: a very small quantity; jot. 2303. jamboree: a boisterous frolic; a spree; a great 2287. irascible: easily angered; quick-tempered; boy-scout rally. showing or resulting from a quick temper or t of anger [an irascible reply]. 2304. jape: prick. 2288. irate: angry; wrathful; incensed. 2289. 2290. 2305. jargon: 1a) confused, unintelligible language; 1b) a strange, outlandish, or barbarous language or dialect; 1c) a hybrid language or diirenic: (or eirenic) working for peace. alect simplied in vocabulary and grammar iridescent: having or showing shifting and used for communication between peoples changes in color or an interplay or rainbowlike of dierent speech; 2) the technical termicolors, as when seen from dierent angles. nology or char idiom of a special activity or group; 3) obscure and often pretentious lanirk: to irritate; disgust; annoy. guage marked by circumlocutions and long words. ironic: 1) relating to, containing, or constituting irony; 2) given to irony : sarcastic. 2306. jaundiced: 1) aected with or as if with jaundice; 2) exhibiting or inuenced by envy, disirony: 1) a pretense of ignorance and of willtaste or hostility [a eye]. ingness to learn from another assumed; in order to make the others false conceptions by 2307. jaunt: to take a short trip for pleasure. adroit questioning; 2a) the use of words to ex- 2308. jaunty: having an airy or sprightly manner; press sth other than and esp the opposite of; approaching swagger. literal meaning; 2b) a usu humorous or sardonic literary style or form characterized by 2309. jeopardy: 1) exposure to or imminence of irony; 3) an incongruity between the actual redeath, loss, or injury : danger; 2) the danger sult of a sequence of events and the; normal or that an accused person is subjected to when expected result. on trial for a criminal oense. 74

2291. 2292.

2293.

2310. jettison: to throw overboard; to discard (sth) 2325. kaleidescope: ath that constantly changes in as useless or a burden. color or pattern. 2311. jingo: a person who boasts of his patriotism 2326. and favors an aggressive, threatening warlike foreign policy; chauvinist. 2327. 2312. jocose: joking or playful; humorous. ken: mental perception; range of knowledge, understanding [beyond ones ken]. killjoy: a person who destroys or lesses peoples enjoyment.

2313. jocund: marked by or suggestive of high spir- 2328. kindred: relatives or family; kin; of like nature; similar [kindred spirits]. its and lively mirthfulness. 2314. joist: timber laid horizontally. 2315. jollity: the quality or state of being jolly; fun. 2330. 2316. jostle: 1a) to come in contact or into collision; 1b) to make ones way by pushing and shoving; 1c) to exist in close proximity; 2) to vie in 2331. gaining an objective : contend. 2317. judicial: having, showing or applying sound judgement; wise and careful. 2318. judicious: having, exercising, or char by sound judgement : discreet. 2319. juggernaut: ath that exacts blind devotion or terrible sacrice; any terrible , irresistible force. kleptomania: an abnormal, persistent impulse or tendency to steal not prompted by need. knapsack: a leather or canvas bag or case worn on the back as by soldiers or hikers for carrying equipment or supplies. 2329. kinetic: of or resulting from motion; energetic and dynamic.

2332. knave: a dishonest, deceitful person; tricky rascal, rogue. 2333. knead: to mix and work (dough, clay etc) into a pliable mass by folding over and squeezing usu with the hands; to press, rub or squeeze with the hands; massage. knell: the sound of a bell, esp of a bell rung slowly, as at a funeral; an omen of death, failure etc. knit: 1) [chiey dial] to tie together; 2) to link rmly or closely [ted my hands]; 3) to contract into wrinkles. knotty: having or full of knots; hard to solve or explain; puzzling. kosher: pure, clean according ordinance eg Jewish meat. kowtow: the Chinese ceremony of prostration. kudos: credit or praise for an achievement; glory, fame. labefaction: weakening.

2320. juncture: 1a) joint, connection; 1b) the man- 2334. ner or transition or mode of relationship between two consecutive sounds in speech; 2) an instance of joining : union, junction; 3) a point of time, esp one made critical by concurrence 2335. of circumstances; 4) [syn] exigency, emergency, contingency, pinch, straits. 2321. junket: 1) a dessert of sweetened avored 2336. milk set with rennet; 2a) a festive social affair; 2b) a trip, journey, esp a trip made by an 2337. ocial at public expense; 3) feast, banquet. 2322. junta: ruling council; a group of political in- 2338. triguer esp such a group of military men in power after a coup. 2339. 2323. jurisprudence: the science or philosophy of law; a part or divisions of law [medical jurisprudence]. 2340.

2324. juxtapose: to put side by side or dose to- 2341. labile: liable to change; unstable [labile chemgether. ical compounds]. 75

2342. labile: unstable.

2343. labyrinth: a structure containing an intricate network of winding passages hard to follow without losing ones way; maze; a complicated 2359. languor: a lack of vigor or vitality; weakness; perplexing arrangement, course of aairs etc; a lack of interest or spirit; feeling of listlessthe inner ear. ness; indierence; the condition of being still, sluggish or dull. 2344. lacerate: to tear; to wound; to aict. 2345. laches: inexcusable dealing. 2346. lachrymose: tearful; sad. 2361. lanyard: short rope. 2347. lackadaisical: aectedly pensive; sentimental; languishing. 2362. larceny: pillage, theft, embezzlement; restoration, return, indemnication. 2348. laconic: curt, succinct, pithy, brief, terse; diffuse, rambling, wordy, profuse. 2363. larder: a place where the food supplies of a household are kept; pantry; a supply of food; 2349. laggard: a slow person esp one who is always provisions. falling behind; loiterer. 2350. lagoon: a shallow lake or pond esp one con- 2364. nected with a larger body of water; the area of water enclosed by a circular coral reef, or atoll; an area of shallow salt water separated 2365. from the sea by sand dunes. 2360. lank: long and slender; lean; straight and limp; not curly : said of hair.

or dull; lose intensity; to suer with longing; pine; to put on an air of sentimental tenderness or wistful melancholy.

largesse: generous giving, as from a patron; a gift or gifts given in a generous or sometimes showy way; nobility of spirit. lascivious: wanton,lewd, prurient, ribald, dissolute; virtuous, unsullied, chaste.

2351. laity: all the people not included among the clergy; laymen collectively; all the people not 2366. lassitude: languor, torpor, lethargy; vivacity, vigour, animation. belonging to any given profession. 2352. lambaste: to beat soundly; thrash; to scold 2367. latent: present but invisible or inactive; lying hidden and underdeveloped within a person or or denounce severely. thing,as a quality or power. 2353. lambent: licking; moving about as if touching lightly; ickering. 2368. lateral: of , at , from or toward the side; sideways. 2354. lament: to feel deep sorrow or express it as by weeping or wailing; mourn; grieve. 2369. latifundia: large landed estate. 2355. lampoon: a piece of satirical writing, usu at2370. latitude: freedom from narrow restrictions; tacking or ridiculing someone. freedom of opinion, conduct or action. 2356. languid: without vigor or vitality; drooping; weak; without interest or spirit; listless; indif- 2371. laudable: deserving praise;. ferent; sluggish; dull; slow. 2372. laudatory: expressing praise; eulogistic; commendatory. 2357. languish: to be inert, depressed; to droop. 2358. languish: to lose vigor or vitality; fail in 2373. health; become weak; droop; to live under distressing conditions; continue in a state of suffering [to languish in poverty]; to become slack 76 lavish: very generous or liberal in giving or spending, often extravagantly so; prodigal; more than enough; very abundant; unstinted [lavish entertainment].

2374. lax: 1a) [of the bowels] loose, open; 2) de- 2386. cient in rmness : not stringent [ control]; 3a) not tense, rm or rigid : slack [a rope]; 3b) having an open or loose texture; 3c) having 2387. the constituents spread apart [a ower cluster]; 4) articulated with the muscles involved in a relatively relaxed state (as the vowel in 2388. i contrast with the vowel check this last meane ing out i am not so sure about this. 2375. lechery: unstrained, excessive indulgence of sexual desires; gross sensuality; lewdness. 2389. 2376. lectern: a reading desk in a church esp such a desk from which a part of the scriptures is 2390. read in a church service; a stand for holding the notes written speech ,etc, as of a lecture. 2377. leer: a sly, sidelong, lecherous look. 2378. leery: on ones guard; wary; suspicious.

lethal: causing or capable or causing death; fatal or deadly. lethargy: a condition of abnormal drowsiness or torpor; a great lack of energy; sluggishness, dullness, apathy etc. levee: an embankment built alongside a river to prevent high water from ooding bordering land; a landing place, as a pier on the bank of a river; a low ridge of earth around a eld to be irrigated. levitate: to cause to rise and oat in the air. levity: lightness; subtile; astatic; lightness or gaiety of disposition, conduct or speech; esp improper unbecoming gaiety or ippancy; lack of seriousness; frivolity; ckleness; instability.

2391. levy: to impose or collect (a tax, tribute, ne,etc); to enlist (troops) for military service, usu by force; to wage (war). lewd: showing or intended to excite lust or sexual desire esp in an oensive way; lascivious. lexicographer: a person who compiles or writes a dictionary. lexicon: a dictionary. liability: 1a) the quality or state of being liable; 1b) probability; 2) sth for which one is liable esp pecuniary obligation : debtusu used in plural; 3) one that acts as a disadvantage : drawback. liaison: 1) a binding or thickening agent used in cooking; 2a) a close bond or connection : interrelationship; 2b) an illicit sexual relationship : aair; 3a) communication for

2379. leeway: 1a) o-course lateral movement of a ship when under way; 1b) the angle between 2392. the heading and track of an airplane; 2) an allowable margin of freedom or variation : tolerance. 2393. 2380. legacy: money or property left to someone by will; bequest; ath handed down from or as 2394. from, an ancestor. 2395. 2381. legend: 1a) a story coming down from the past esp : one popularly regarded as historical although not veriable; 1b) a body of such stories [a place in the of the frontier]; 1c) a popular myth of recent origin; 1d) a person or thing that inspires legends; 2a) an inscription 2396. or title on an object (as a coin); 2b) caption; 2c) an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart. 2382. legerdemain: a sleight of hand; jugglery.

2397. libel: any false and malicious written or printed statement or any sign, picture, or egy tending to expose a person to public ridicule, 2383. legerdemain: sleight of hand; tricks of stage hatred, or contempt or to injure a persons repmagician; trickery of any sort; deceit. utation in any way. 2384. lenient: not harsh or severe in disciplining, punishing, judging etc; mild; merciful; 2398. libertine: a person esp a man, who leads an unrestrained, sexually immoral life; rake; a clement. free-thinker esp in religious mattersusu used 2385. leonine: of, characteristic of or like a lion. disparagingly. 77

2399. libidinous: full of or characterized by lust; 2415. liquidate: 1a(i)] to determine by agreement lewd; lascivious. or by litigation the precise amount of (indebtedness, damages or accounts); (ii)] to deter2400. libido: 1) emotional or psychic energy that mine the liabilities and apportion assets toin psychoanalytic theory is derived from primward discharging the indebtedness of; 1b) to itive biological urges and that is usu goalsettle (a debt) by payment or other settlement; directed; 2) sexual drive. 2) to do away with ; 3) to convert (assets) into cash. 2401. libretto: the words, or text of an opera, oratorio or any other long choral work. 2416. lissome: nimble; exible. list: to tilt to one side, as a ship. listless: having no interest in what is going on about one, as a result of illness, weariness, dejection, etc; spiritless; languid. 2402. licentious: morally unstrained, esp in sexual 2417. activity; lascivious. 2418. 2403. lien: a claim on the property of another as security for the payment of a just debt. 2404. ligature: a bandage; a tie.

2419. litany: a prayer of supplication; a series of xed invocations and responses used as a 2405. ligneous: of, or having the nature of wood; prayer; a repetitive recitation, listing or speciwoody. cation. 2406. limber: pliant, lithe, ductile; rigid, unyield- 2420. lithe: bending easily; exible; supple; limber; ing, obstinate. lissome. 2407. limbo: place of oblivion; borderland of hell; 2421. litigation: law-suit; the act or process of carrying on a lawsuit. any intermediate, indeterminate state or condition; a place or condition of connement, ne2422. litotes: understatement for eect, esp such glect or oblivion. understatement in which sth is expressed by a negation of the contrary (ex not a few regrets). 2408. limn: 1) to draw or paint on a surface; 2) to outline in clear sharp detail : delineate; 3) 2423. livid: black and blue; discolored by a bruise; describe. grayish blue; lead colored : sometimes to mean pale white or red [livid with rage]. 2409. limpid: perfectly clear; transparent; not cloudy or turbid [limpid waters]; clear and sim- 2424. loath: unwilling; reluctant: usu followed by ple [limpid prose]. an innitive [to be loath to depart]. 2410. lineage: direct descent from an ancestor; an- 2425. cestry; family; stock; descendants from a common ancestor. 2426. 2411. lineaments: 1a) an outline, feature, or contour of a body or gure esp of a faceusu used in pl; 1b) a linear topographic feature (as of the earth or a planet) that reveals a characteristic 2427. (as a fault or the subsurface structure); 2) a distinguishing or char feature. loathe: to feel intense dislike, disgust, or hatred for; abhor; detest. locution: 1) particular form of expression or a peculiarity of phrasing; esp : a word or expression char of a region, group or cultural level; 2) style of discourse : phraseology. lode: 1) [dial Eng] waterway; 2) an ore deposit; 3) sth that resembles a lode : an abundant store.

2412. linguistic: of or relating to language or lin- 2428. lofty: 1a) elevated in character and spirit : noguistics. ble; 1b) elevated in status : superior; 2) having a haughty overbearing manner : supercilious; 2413. lintel: bar above the door. 3a) rising to a great height : impressively high; 2414. lionize: to treat as a celebrity. 3b) remote, esoteric. 78

2429. loiter: to linger in an aimless way; spend time 2445. lurid: 1a) wan and ghastly pale in appearance idly: often with about ; to walk or move slowly ; 1b) of any of several light or medium grayish and indolently, with frequent stops and pauses. colors ranging in hue from yellow to orange; 2) shining with the red glow of re seen thru 2430. loll: to lean or lounge about in a relaxed or smoke or cloud; 3a) causing horror or revulsion lazy manner; to hang in a relaxed manner; : gruesome; 3b) melodramatic, sensational : droop. also shocking [paperbacks in the usual covers]. 2431. loophole: a means of escape or evasion; or maybe a fallacy in a system. 2446. lurk: to stay hidden, ready to spring out, attack etc; lie in wait; to exist undiscovered or 2432. lope: to move along easily, with a long swingunobserved; be present as a latent or not reading stride or in an easy canter. ily apparent threat; to move furtively. 2433. lopsided: ill balanced; heavy on one side. 2434. loquacious: very talkative; fond of talking. 2435. lout: a clumsy stupid fellow; boor. 2447. luscious: palatable, savory, delectable; unsavory, sharp, acrid. 2448. lustrous: having lustre; shining; bright; glorious. grim and horrible; gruesome;

2436. low: to make the characteristic vocal sound of 2449. macabre: a cow; moo. ghastly. 2437. lucid: clearheaded; rational [ a lucid thinker]; 2450. clear to the mind; readily understood [lucid instructions]; transparent; designating an interval of sanity in a mental disorder.

mace: a heavy medieval war club, often with a spiked, metal head; any similar weapon; a sta used as a symbol of authority by certain ocials; mace-bearer.

2438. lucrative: producing wealth or prot; prof- 2451. macebearer: one who carries a mace in a ceritable; remunerative [a lucrative investment]. emonial procession. 2439. lucre: money; riches : now chiey in a humor- 2452. macerate: to soften and break down into ously derogatory sense, as in lthy lucre. component parts by soaking in liquid for some time; specif to soften and break down (food) 2440. ludicrous: so absurd, ridiculous, or exaggerin the digestive system; to steep (fruit or vegated as to cause or merit laughter. etables) as in wine or liquor; loosely, to break, tear,chop etc into bits; to cause to waste away 2441. lugubrious: very sad or mournful esp in a or grow thin. way that seems exaggerate or ridiculous. 2453. Machiavellian: of, like or characterized by 2442. lull: to calm or soothe by gentle sound or mothe political principles and methods of expetion: chiey in lull to sleep; to bring into a diency, craftiness, and duplicity set forth in specied condition by soothing and reassuring Machiavellis book, The Prince; crafty; de[to lull people into a false sense of security]; to ceitful make less intense; quiet; allay. 2454. machicolated: having loopholes for dropping 2443. lumber: to move heavily, clumsily and often missiles. noisily; to rumble. 2455. machination: scheming; an artful or secret 2444. luminary: a body that gives o light, such as plot or scheme, esp one with evil intent. the sun or moon; a person who sheds light on some subject or enlightens mankind; famous 2456. maculated: 1) marked with spots : blotched; intellectual; any famous or well-known person. 2) impure, besmirched. 79

2457. madrigal: a short poem, usu a love poem, 2474. malfeasance: wrongdoing or misconduct, esp which can be set to music; an often contrapunby a public ocial. tal song with parts for several voices singing without accompaniment, popular in the 15th- 2475. malicious: having, showing or caused by malice; spiteful; intentionally mischievous or 17th centuries; loosely any song, esp a part harmful. song. 2458. maelstrom: violent whirlpool; violent con- 2476. maligned: to speak evil of esp falsely and rancorously. fused agitated state of mind/emotions etc. 2459. maestro: a master usu in an art; esp an emi- 2477. malinger: to pretend to be ill or otherwise incapacitated to in order to escape duty or work; nent composer, conductor, or teacher of music. shirk. 2460. magnanimous: noble in mind; high-souled; esp generous in overlooking injury or insult; 2478. malleable: that which can be hammered, pounded or pressed into various shaped withrising above pettiness or meanness. out breaking: said of metals; capable of being 2461. magnate: a very important or inuential perchanged, molded, trained etc; adaptable. son in any eld of activity esp in a large business. 2479. malodorous: having a bad odor; stinking. 2462. magniloquent: lofty, pompous or grandiose 2480. in speech or style of expression; boastful or bombastic. 2481. 2463. maieutic: dialectic method of Socrates. manacle: a handcu; fetter or shackle for the hand; any restraint (usu used in pl). mandate: a charge; a command from a superior to an inferior.

2464. maim: to deprive of the use of some necessary 2482. mandatory: 1) containing or constituting a part of the body; cripple; mutilate; disable. command : obligatory [ retirement age]; 2) of, by, relating to, or holding a League of na2465. maladies: an illness or disease either of the tions Mandate. body or the mind. 2466. maladroitness: opposite of adroitness. 2483. mandrill: baboon. mangled: injured; twisted. mangy: shabby and lthy; sordid; squalid; mean and low; despicable. maniacal: of, having or showing mania; wildly insane; raving; characterized by excessive or persistent enthusiasm.

2467. malaise: uneasiness; feeling of discomfort or 2484. sickness. 2485. 2468. malapropism: ludicrous misuse of words, esp through confusion caused by resemblance in 2486. sound.

2469. malcontent: discontented; dissatised, or rebellious ; applied esp to the critics of the gov2487. manifest: 1) readily perceived by the senses ernment. and esp by the sight; 2) easily understood or 2470. malediction: a curse; imprecation; denuncirecognized by the mind : obvious; 3) to make ation; execration; anathema; fulmination; vilievident or certain by showing or displaying; 4) cation; vituperation; scurrility. manifestation, indication; 5) manifesto; 6) a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a 2471. malefactor: evil doer; a criminal. vehicle (as a ship or plane). 2472. malec: doing mischief; producing evil. 2488. manifestation: 1a) the act, process, or an 2473. malevolence: bad intention; malice; rancor; instance of manifesting; 1b) sth that manifests virulence; mordacity; acerbity; galling. or is manifest; 1c) one of the forms in which 80

an individual is manifested; 1d) an occult phe- 2504. nomenon : specif materialization; 2) a public demonstration of power and purpose. 2505. 2489. manifesto: a public declaration of motives and intentions by government or by a person or group regarded as having some public importance.

maritime: nautical, oceanic, aquatic; terrestrial, earthly, inland. maritime: on,near or living near the sea; of or relating to sea navigation, shipping etc; characteristic of sailors; nautical ; of the relatively wet air or climate associated with large bodies of water.

2490. manifold: having many and various forms, 2506. marked: singled out to be watched or looked features, part etc [manifold wisdom]; of many for as an object of suspicion, hostility, etc [a sorts; many and varied. marked man]; noticeable; obvious; appreciable; distinct; conspicuous [a marked change in 2491. manipulate: to work, operate, or treat with behavior]. or as with the hand or hands; handle or use esp with skill; to manage or control artfully or by 2507. marmoreal: pertaining to marble. shrewd use of inuence, often in an unfair or fraudulent way [to manipulate an election by 2508. marmot: rodent. bribing the voters]; to falsify (gures, accounts etc) for ones own purposes or prot; to cause 2509. marshal: 1a) a high ocial in the household of a medieval king, prince, or noble orig hav(prices of stock etc) to fall or rise by wash sales, ing charge of the cavalry but later usu in commatched orders etc. mand of the military forces; 1b) a person who 2492. mannered: 1) having manners of a specied arranges and directs the ceremonial aspects of kind [well-mannered]; 2a) having or displaying a gathering; 2) an ocer having charge of prisa particular manner; 2b) having an articial oners. or stilted character [passages...so as to be 2510. marsupium: a fold of skin on the abdomen of unintelligible]. a female marsupial forming a pouch in which 2493. mantic: prophetic. the newborn young are carried. 2494. mantle: a loose garment. 2511. martial: of or suitable for war [martial songs]; showing a readiness or eagerness to ght; war2495. manumit: to free from slavery; liberate (a like; of the army, the navy or military life; milslave,serf etc). itary. 2496. mar: to injure or damage so as to make imperfect, less attractive etc; spoil; impair; disgure. 2512. martinet: a very strict military disciplinarian; any very strict disciplinarian or stickler 2497. marasmus: progressive emaciation. for rigid regulations. 2498. marasmus: wasting away of the body. 2499. marcescent: withering. 2500. 2513. martingale: harness strap.

2501. 2502. 2503.

2514. masochism: the getting of sexual pleasure from being dominated, mistreated or hurt marinade: a savory usu acidic sauce in which physically or otherwise by ones partner; the meat, sh or a vegetable is soaked to enrich its getting of pleasure from suering , physical or avor or to tenderize it. psychological pain, inicted by others or by oneself. marinate: to steep (meat, sh, veg etc) in a marinade. 2515. mastic: a kind of resin. marionette: a puppet moved by strings. 2516. masticate: to chew up (food etc); to grind, marital: of marriage; matrimonial; connubial. cut or knead (rubber etc) to a pulp. 81

2517. materialism: the philosophic doctrine that 2529. matter is the only reality and everything in; the world, including thought, will, and feel- 2530. ing, can be explained only in; terms of matter: opposed to idealism; the doctrine that comfort,pleasure and wealth are the only or highest goals or values; the tendency to be more concerned with material than with spiritual or; intellectual goals or values. 2531.

maxim: general principle; a pithy saying. mayhem: the oense of maiming a person; specif the intentional mutilation of anothers body; injury inicted on another so as to cause loss of a bodily part or function necessary for self-defense; any deliberate destruction or violence; any deliberate destruction or violent. meager: thin; lean; emaciated; of poor quality or small amount; not full or rich; inadequate.

2518. maternal: of, like or characteristic of a mother or motherhood; motherly; derived, received or inherited from a mother; related thru 2532. mealymouthed: not outspoken or blunt; not the mothers side of the family. willing to state the facts in simple, direct words; euphemistic and insincere. 2519. matriarchy: a form of social organization in which the mother is recognized as the head of 2533. meander: to take a winding or tortuous course said of a stream; to wander aimlessly the family or tribe, descent and kinship being or idly; ramble. traced thru the mother; government, rule or domination by women. 2534. meddle: to concern oneself with or take part in other peoples aairs without being asked 2520. matutinal: early. or needed; interfere (in or with); to tamper 2521. maudlin: foolishly and tearfully or weakly (with). sentimental; tearfully sentimental from too 2535. mediate: 1) occupying a middle position; 2a) much liquor. acting thru an intervening agency; 2b) exhibiting indirect causation, connection or relation. 2522. maudlin: silly; sickly; sentimental; fuddled; half drunk. 2536. mediate: 1a) to eect by action as an intermediary; 1b) to bring accord out of by action 2523. maul: to injure by beating or tearing; bruise as an intermediary; 2a) to act as intermediary or lacerate; to handle roughly or clumsily; agent in bringing, eecting manhandle. 2524. maunder: talk incoherently. 2537. mediocre: of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance : ordinary, so-so.

2525. mausoleum: a large, imposing tomb: humor2538. meditation: 1) a discourse intended to exously applied to any large, somber building or press its authors reections or to guide others room; a building with vaults for the entombin contemplation; 2) the act or process of medment of a number of bodies. itating. 2526. mauve: a purple dye and pigment that is pro- 2539. medley: mingled and confused mass; a muduced by oxidizing aniline, used for wool, silk sical piece made up of tunes or passages from etc. various works. 2527. maverick: an unbranded animal, esp a 2540. strayed calf; a person who takes an independent stand, as in politics, refusing to conform to that of a party or group. 2541. 2528. mawkish: having a sweet, weak, sickening taste; insipid or nauseating; sentimental in a weak, insipid way, so as to be sickening. 82 meek: patient and mild; not inclined to anger or resentment; too submissive; easily imposed on; spineless; spiritless. megalomania: a mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur, wealth, power etc; a passion for or for doing big things; a tendency to exaggerate.

2542. meiosis: understatement. 2543. 2544. 2545. 2546. 2547.

2561. merger: 1) [Law] the absorption of an estate, a contract, or an interest in another, of a minor melee: a confused struggle; esp : a hand-tooense, or by obligation into a judgement; 2a) hand ght among several people. the act or process of merging; 2b) absorption by a corporation of one or more organizations melic: pertaining to song. (as business concerns). melliuous: owing with honey or sweetness; 2562. mesa: an isolated relatively at topped natusmooth. ral elevation usu more extensive than a butte mellow: soft to the touch; genial. and less extensive than a plateau; also : a broad terrace with an abrupt slope on one side memento: ath serving as a reminder or warn: bench. ing; a souvenir. things worth remembering; 2563. mescaline: drug producing hallucination. 2564. metaphor: a gure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one things is applied to another.

2548. memorabilia: memoirs!.

2549. memorialize: 1) to address or petition by a memorial; 2) commemorate.

2550. menagerie: a place where animals are kept esp for exhibition. 2565. mete: to allot; distribute; apportion : usu with out [mete out]. 2551. mendacious: lying; a falsehood. 2552. mendacity: falsehood, prevarication, 2566. meteoric: 1) of, relating to, or derived from the earths atmosphere [ water]; 2a) of or recalumny, perjury; veracity, candor, probity. lating to a meteor; 2b) resembling a meteor in 2553. mendicant: begging; a begging friar; fakir. speed or in sudden and temporary brilliance [ rise to fame]. 2554. menial: of or t for servants; servile; low; mean. 2567. methodical: characterized by method; orderly; systematic. 2555. mentor: tutor; teacher; a wise counselor. 2556. mercantile: 1) of or relating to merchants or 2568. trading; 2) of, relating to or having the char of mercantilism. 2569. 2557. mercenaries: 1) a soldier hired for money; paid soldier; 2) serving merely for pay or sordid advantage : venal, also : greedy. 2570. 2558. mercenary: a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army; a person who will do ath for money; hireling. 2559. mercurial: variable, uctuating, erratic; im- 2571. mutable, constant, steadfast. 2572. 2560. meretricious: 1) of or relating to a prostitute : having the nature of prostitution [ relationship]; 2a) a tawdrily and falsely attractive [the paradise they found was a piece of trash]; 2b) supercially signicant : pretentious. 83 meticulous: extremely or excessively careful about details; scrupulous or nicky. metropolis: the main city, often the capital of a country, state or region; an y large city or center of population, culture etc. mettle: quality or character or temperament, esp high quality of character; spirit; courage; ardor. mettlesome: high spirited. miasma: an unwholesome exaltation; a vapor rising as from marshes or decomposing animal or vegetable matter, formerly supposed to poison and inect the air, causing malaria, etc; an unwholesome or befogging, atmosphere, inuence.

2573. microcosm: 1) a little world; esp : the human 2589. mirth: gladness or gaiety as shown by or acrace or human nature seen as an epitome of the companied with laughter. world or the universe; 2) a community or other than unity that is an epitome or a larger unity. 2590. misadventure: an unlucky accident; mishap; an instance of bad luck. 2574. midden: refuse heap. 2591. misanthrope: a person who hates or distrusts all people : also misanthropist. 2575. migrant: one that migrates; a) a person who moves regularly in order to nd work esp in 2592. misapprehension: to apprehend wrongly; harvesting crops; b) an animal that shifts from misunderstand. one habitat to another. 2593. miscellany: 1a) [pl] separate writings col2576. milieu: environment, esp social or cultural lected in one volume; 1b) a collection of writsetting. ings on various subjects; 2) a mixture of various things. 2577. militant: ready or willing to ght; esp vigorous or aggressive in support or promotion of a 2594. mischance: 1) bad luck; 2) a piece of bad luck cause; at war; ghting. : mishap; [syn] misfortune. 2578. militate: to be directed (against); operate or 2595. mischance: an unlucky accident; misadvenwork (against or, rarely, for) : said of facts, eviture; bad luck or instance of it. dence, actions, etc [his youth militated against 2596. misconstrue: to construe wrongly; misunderhim]. stood; misinterpret. 2579. mimesis: imitation, mimicry. 2597. miscreant: an evil person; criminal; villain. 2580. minatory: menacing; threatening. 2598. misdemeanors: bad conduct; misdeed; any minor oense, as the breaking of a municipal 2581. mincing: aectedly elegant or dainty : a perordinance, for which; statute provides a lesser son, or a persons speech, manner, etc; characpunishment than for felony : the penalty is usu terized by short steps or aected daintiness [a a; ne or imprisonment for a short time (usu mincing walk]. less than one year) in a local; jail, workhouse 2582. minimal: least possible. etc. 2583. minion: a favorite, esp one who is a fawning 2599. servile follower : term of contempt; a subordinate ocial, deputy, or the like. 2600. 2584. miniscule: very small or insignicant in 2601. amount. misgiving: mistrust; to ll with apprehensions. mishmash: a hotch-potch; a medley. misnomer: the act of applying a wrong name or epithet to some person or thing; such a name or epithet; an error in naming a person or place in a legal document.

2585. minute: very small; tiny; of little importance or signicance; petty; triing; of, characterized by or attentive to tiny details; exact; precise. 2602. misogamy: hatred of marriage.

2586. minutiae: small or relatively unimportant de- 2603. misogyny: hatred of women esp by man. tails. 2604. misprision: ocial misconduct. 2587. mire: deep mud; wet, soggy earth; slush; an 2605. missile: a weapon, or other object, as a spear, area of wet, soggy ground. bullet, rocket,etc, designed to be thrown,red, 2588. mire: to cause to get stuck in or as in mire; or launched toward a target; often specif a to soil or splatter with mud or dirt. guided or ballastic missile. 84

2606. missive: a letter or written message.

2621. monad: number one; a unit; an ultimate unit of being material or psychical.

2607. mite: 1) ignoring the small arachnids; 2) a small coin or sum of money; 2a) a very little : 2622. monarchy: 1) undivided rule or absolute sovereignty by a single person; 2) a nation or bit; 2b) a very small object or creature. state having a monarchical government; 3) a 2608. mitigate: to make or become milder, less segovernment having an hereditary chief of state vere , less rigorous or less painful; moderate; with life tenure and powers varying from nomto operate or work (against) : generally coninal to absolute. sidered a loose or erroneous usage. 2623. monetary: of or relating to money or to the mechanisms by which it is supplied to and cir2609. mitigated: to mollify; appease. culates in the economy. 2610. mnemonic: 1) assisting or intending to assist memory; also : of or relating to mnemonics; 2) 2624. monograph: a systematic account on one particular subject. of or relating to memory. 2611. mode: a prevailing fashion or style (as of 2625. monolithic: 1a) of, relating to, or resembling a monolith : huge, massive; 1b(i)] formed from dress, behaviour); [syn] fashion; for the other a single crystal [a silicon chip]; 1b(ii)] prolonger meaning please see a dictionary!. duced in or on a monolithic chip; 2a) cast as a single piece; 2b) formed or composed of a 2612. modicum: small quantity; a limited portion. material without joints or seams; 3) constitut2613. modish: in the current mode; in the latest ing a massive undierentiated and often rigidly style; fashionable. whole [a society]. 2614. modulation: 1) a regulating according to 2626. pressure or proportion : tempering; 2) an inection of the tone or pitch of the voice; specif 2627. : the use of stress or pitch to convey meaning; 3) a change from one musical key to another by modulating. monotheism: the belief or doctrine that there is only one God. monotony: sameness of tone or pitch, or continuance of the same tone without variation; lack of variation or variety; tiresome sameness or uniformity.

2615. mogul: a powerful or important person, esp 2628. monumental: 1) of or relating to a monuone with autocratic power. ment; 2) serving as or resembling a monument : massive; also : highly signicant : outstand2616. moiety: half; one of two parts or divisions. ing; 3) very great. 2617. mollify: to sooth the temper of; pacify; ap2629. moody: subject to or characterized by pease; to make less intense, severe or violent. gloomy sullen moods or changes of mood. 2618. mollycoddle: 1) a pampered or eeminate 2630. moratorium: a legal authorization, usu by man or boy; 2) to surround with an excessive a law passed in an emergency to delay payor absurd degree of indulgence and attention. ment of money due, as by a bank or debtor nation; the eective period of such an autho2619. molt: to cast o or shed the exoskeleton, hair, rization; any authorized delay or stopping of outer skin, horns, or feathers at certain intersome specied activity. vals, prior to replacement of the cast-o parts by a new growth : said of reptiles, birds, in- 2631. morbid: sickly; unwholesome. sects etc. 2632. mordant: 1) biting and caustic in thought, 2620. momentous: of great moment; very impormanner or style : incisive [a wit]; 2) burning, tant [a momentous decision]. pungent. 85

2633. mores: 1) the xed morally binding customs 2648. muddle: 1) to make turbid or muddy; 2) to of a particular group; 2) moral attitudes; 3) befog or stupefy esp with liquor; 3) to mix conhabits, manners. fusedly; 4) to make a mess of : bungle; 5) to think or act in a confused aimless way. 2634. mores: folk ways that are considered conducive to the welfare of society and so, through 2649. mudlark: a name for various birds that fregeneral observance, develop the force of law, quent mud; one who picks up a living along after becoming part of the formal legal code. the banks of tidal rivers. 2635. morganatic: marriage of royalty to a com- 2650. muggy: hot and damp, with little or no stirmoner. ring of the air [muggy weather]. 2636. moribund: in a dying state; being in a state 2651. mulct: to punish by a ne or by depriving of of inactivity or obsolescence. sth; to extract (money etc) from (someone) as by fraud or deceit. 2637. morose: ill-tempered; gloomy; sullen etc; characterized by gloom. 2652. muliebrity: womanliness. 2638. mortician: a person who manages a funeral 2653. multifarious: having great diversity; made home and is usu a licensed embalmer. up of many parts. 2639. mortication: which vexes. humiliation; chagrin; that 2654. multiform: having many forms or appearances. multiplicity: the quality or condition of being manifold or various; a great number. mummery: great show without reality; foolish ceremonial. mundane: worldly; earthly. municent: extremely generous.

2640. mortify: to punish (ones body) or control 2655. (ones physical desires and passions) by selfdenial, fasting etc as a means of religious ascetic discipline; to cause to feel shame, humil- 2656. iation, chagrin etc ; to injure the pride or selfrespect of; to destroy the vitality or vigor of. 2657. 2641. mosaic: the tting together in a design of 2658. small pieces of colored marble glass etc.

2642. mote: a speck of dust or other tiny particle. 2659. murky: dark or gloomy; heavy and obscure with smoke, mist, etc [the murky air]. 2643. motif: a main element, idea, feature etc; specif a main theme or subject to be elabo- 2660. murrain: plague. rated on or developed as in a piece of music, a 2661. muse: to think deeply and at length; medibook, etc; a repeated gure in a design; some tate. inner drive, impulse, intention etc that causes a person to do sth or act in a certain way; in- 2662. musky: having an odor of or resembling musk. centive; goal. 2663. muster: 1) a representative specimen : sam2644. motile: capable of or exhibiting spontaneous ple; 2a) an act of assembling; specif : formal motion. military inspection; 2b) critical examination; 2c) an assembled group : collection; 2d) in2645. motley: of many colors or patches of color; ventory. having or composed of many dierent or dashing elements; heterogeneous [a motley crew!]. 2664. muster: 1) to cause to gather : convene; b) to enroll formallyusu used with in or into [was 2646. mottle: to mark with blotches, streaks and ed into the army]; c) to call the roll of; 2a) spots of dierent colors or shades. to bring together : collect; 2b) to call forth : 2647. mountebank: any charlatan, or quack. rouse. 86

2665. musty: having a stale, moldy smell or taste as 2680. nautical: of or having to do with sailors, ships an unused room; food kept in a damp place,etc; or navigation. state or trite; worn-out; antiquated; dull; apa2681. neap: neap tide. thetic. 2666. mutilate: to cut o or damage a limb or other 2682. important part of ( a person or animal); to 2683. damage, injure or otherwise mar, esp by removing an essential part or parts [to mutilate a book by censorship]. 2684. 2667. mutiny: revolt against and often, forcible resistance to constituted authority; esp rebellion 2685. of soldiers or sailors against their ocers. 2686. 2668. muzzle: gag, trammel, suppress; liberate, foster, stimulate. nebulous: misty; hazy; vague; cloudlike. necromancy: the practice of claiming to foretell the future by alleged communication with the dead; black magic; sorcery. necrosis: death or part of the living body. nefarious: very wicked; villainous; iniquitous. negligent: habitually failing to do the required thing; neglectful; careless; lax, inattentive or indierent.

2669. myopia: lack of understanding or foresight. 2687. nemesis: retributive justice. 2670. myriad: various; many; of a highly varied na- 2688. neologism: a new word or a new meaning for ture. an established word; the use of, or the practice of creating new words or new meanings 2671. mystique: incommunicable spirit, gift or for established words. quality; secret. 2689. neonatal: new born. 2672. nadir: that point of the celestial sphere directly opposite to the zenith and directly below 2690. neophyte: a new convert; one newly baptised; the observer; the lowest point; time of greatest a newly ordained priest; a tyro or beginner. depression or dejection. 2691. neophytes: new convert; one newly baptised. 2673. naivete: the quality or state of being naive; simplicity; artlessness; a naive action or re- 2692. nepenthe: opiate. mark. 2693. nepotism: favoritism shown to relatives, esp in appointment to desirable positions. 2674. narcissism: self-love; excessive interest in owns appearance, comfort, importance, abili2694. nescience: want of knowledge. ties etc. 2675. narrative: 1) sth that is narrated : story; 2) 2695. the art or practice of narration; 3) the representation in art of an event or story; also : an example of such a representation. 2696. 2676. nascent: being born; beginning to form, start, grow or develop : said of ideas, cultures etc. 2677. natation: the act or art of swimming. 2678. natty: dapper; spruce; trim and smart in appearance or dress [a natty suit]. nether: lying, or thought of as lying below the earths surface; lower or under [the nether tip of a crescent]. nettle: 1) any of various prickly or stinging plants other than those of genus Urtica; 2) to strike or sting as if with nettles; 3) to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger.

2697. nexus: a connection, tie, or link between individuals of a group, members of a series etc; the group or series connected.

2679. nausea: a feeling of sickness at the stomach 2698. nib: the bill or beak of a bird; the projecting with an impulse to vomit; disgust; loathing. end of ath; point; sharp prong. 87

2699. nicety: 1) the quality or state of being nice; 2711. 2) an elegant, delicate, or civilized feature [the niceties of life]; 3) a ne point or distinction : subtlety [the niceties of table manners]; 4) careful attention to details; delicate exactness : precision; 5) delicacy of taste or feeling : fas2712. tidiousness. 2700. niggard: a stingy person; miser. 2701. niggle: to work fussily; pay too much attention to petty details; be nicky. 2702. niggling: nicky.

nomenclature: the system or set of names used in a specic branch of learning or activity, as in biology for plants and animals, or for the parts of a particular mechanism; the act or a system for naming. nominal: of, consisting of, having the nature of, or giving a name or names; of or having to do with a noun or nouns; in name only, not in fact [the nominal leader]; very small compared to usu expectations.

2713. nonchalance: casual; cool; sangfroid.

2714. noncommittal: not committing one to any point of view or course of action; not revealing 2703. nihilism: belief in nothing; denial of all realones position or purpose; having no denite ity; extreme skepticism. quality, meaning etc. 2704. nimbus: 1a) a luminous vapor, cloud, or at- 2715. mosphere about a god or goddess when on earth; 1b) a cloud or atmosphere (as of romance) about a person or thing; 2)) an indi- 2716. cation (as a circle) of radiant light or glory about the head of a drawn or sculptured divinity, saint or sovereign; 3) a rain cloud : thunder 2717. cloud. 2705. nimiety: excess. nondescript: not easily classied; neither one thing nor another. nonentity: the state of not existing; sth exists only in the mind or imagination; a person or thing of little or no importance. nonplus: a condition of perplexity in which one is unable to go, speak or act further.

2718. normative: establishing a standard. nostalgia: 1) the state of being homesick : homesickness; 2) a wistful or excessively sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable condition. nostrum: a medicine prepared by the person selling it; a patent medicine of a king sold with exaggerated claims; quack medicine; a pet scheme for solving some social or political problem; panacea.

2706. nirvana: 1) the nal beatitude that tran- 2719. scends suering, karma, and samsara and is sought esp in Buddhism thru the extinction of desire and individual consciousness; 2a) a place or state of oblivion to care, pain or ex2720. ternal reality; also : bliss, heaven.

2707. nocturnal: of, done or happening in the night; functioning or active during the night; having blossoms that open at night, as some owers. 2721. notorious: well-known; publicly discussed; widely but unfavorably known or talked about. 2708. noetic: relating to intellectual comprehension. 2722. novelty: the quality of being novel; newness; freshness; sth new, fresh or usu; change; in2709. noisome: injurious to health; harmful; having novation; a small often cheap, cleverly made bad odor; foul-smelling. article, usu for play or adornment : usu used in pl. 2710. nomad: a member of a tribe or people having no permanent home but moving about con- 2723. novice: 1) a person admitted to probationstantly in search of food, pasture etc; any wanary membership of a religious community; 2) derer who has no xed home. beginner : tyro. 88

2724. noxious: 1a) physically harmful or destruc- 2739. tive to living beings [ wastes that poison our streams]; 1b) constituting a harmful inuence on mind or behavior : morally corrupting [ 2740. doctrines]; 2) distasteful, obnoxious; 3) [syn] pernicious. 2725. nuance: a slight or delicate variation in color, meaning etc; shade of dierence.

oblation: act of oering in worship; a sacrice. obligatory: 1) binding in law or conscience; 2) relating to or enforcing an obligation [an writ]; 3) mandatory, required [ military service]; also : so commonplace as to be a convention, fashion or cliche [the death scene in the opera].

2726. nubile: marriageable esp a girl who seems 2741. obliquity: inclination; slope; leaning; gradient. mature; sexually attractive : said of a young woman. 2742. obliterate: to blot out or wear away, leaving no traces; erase; eace; to do away with as if 2727. nugatory: triing; worthless; not operative; by eacing; destroy. invalid. 2743. oblivion: forgetfulness; state of being forgot2728. nugatory: trivial. ten; amnesty; ocial overlooking of oenses. 2729. nullify: 1) to make null; esp : to make legally 2744. oblivious to: unmindful of. null and void; 2) to make of no value and consequence; 3) [syn] negate, annul, abrogate, in- 2745. obloquy: defamation, stigma, abasement; repute, renown, dignity. validate. 2730. nuncupative: unwritten. 2746. obloquy: verbal abuse of a person or thing; censure or vituperation, esp when widespread or general; ill repute, disgrace, or infamy re2731. nuptial: of marriage or a wedding; of or havsulting from this. ing to do with mating. 2732. nurture: to promote the development of; to 2747. obnoxious: liable to hurt, punishment or censure; objectionable; oensive. raise by educating, training etc; to feed or nourish. 2748. obscure: lacking light; dim ; dark; murky [the obscure night]; not easily perceived; specif not 2733. oaf: a stupid person; specif a stupid, clumsy clear or distinct; faint or undened [an obscure fellow; lout. gure or sound]; not easily understood; vague; cryptic; ambiguous [an obscure explanation]; 2734. obdurate: not easily moved to pity or sympain an inconspicuous position; hidden [an obthy; hard-hearted; hardened and unrespecting; scure village]; not well known; not famous [an impenitent; not giving in readily;stubborn; difobscure scientist]. cult to inuence. 2735. obeisance: a gesture of respect or reverence, 2749. such as a bow or curtsy; the attitude shown by 2750. this; homage; deference. 2751. 2736. obelisk: a tall four sided tapering pillar usually of one stone topped with a pyramid. 2752. 2737. obfuscation: confusion; bewilderment. obfuscate: to muddle, perplex, stupefy. 2753. 2738. obituary: a notice of someones death , as in a newspaper, usu with a brief biography. 89 obsequies: funeral rites or ceremonies. obsequious: too eager to obey or serve; obsequy: a funeral or burial riteusu used in pl. obsess: to haunt or trouble in mind, esp to an abnormal degree; preoccupy greatly. obsidian: a hard, usu dark colored black, volcanic glass with conchoidal fracture, often used as a gemstone.

2754. obsolescent: gone out of use; antiquated; ob- 2769. odious: arousing or deserving hatred or solete. loathing; disgusting; oensive. 2755. obstetrics: the branch of medicine concerned 2770. odiously: hateful; oensively. with the care and treatment of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the ensuing period. 2771. odium: hatred esp of a person or thing regarded as loathsome; the state or fact of being 2756. obstreperous: noisy; boisterous, or unruly hated; the disgrace brought on by hateful acesp in resisting or opposing. tion; opprobrium. 2757. obtrude: to thrust forward; push out; eject; 2772. to oer or force (oneself, ones opinions etc) upon others unasked or unwanted. 2773. 2758. obtuse: not sharp or pointed; blunt; slow to understand or perceive; dull or insensitive; not 2774. producing a sharp impression; not acute [an obtuse pain]. odoriferous: giving o an odor, now often specif a strong or oensive one. odyssey: any extended wandering or journey. oensive: 1a) making attack : aggressive; 1b) of, relating to, or designed for attack [ weapons]; 1c) of or relating to an attempt to score in a game or contest; also : of or relating to a team in possession of the ball or puck; 2) giving painful or unpleasant sensations : nauseous; 3) causing displeasure or resentment.

2759. obverse: 1) facing the observer or opponent; 2) having the base narrower than the top [an leaf]; 3) the side of a coin or currency note bearing the chief device and lettering ; broadly : a front or principal surface; 4) a counterpart 2775. ohand: said or done without prior preparation or study; extemporaneous; unpremedihaving the opposite orientation or force [their tated; casual , curt, informal, brusque. rise was merely the of the Emperors fall]. 2760. obviate: to do away with or prevent by eec- 2776. ocious: oering unnecessary and unwanted advice or services; meddle-some esp in a hightive measures; make unnecessary. handed or overbearing way; in diplomacy, un2761. obviated: to meet on the way; to prevent or ocial or informal. dispose o in advance. 2777. oshoot: 1a) a collateral or derived branch, 2762. Occident: the part of the world west of Asia, descendant, or member : outgrowth; 1b) a esp Europe and the Americas. lateral branch (as of a mountain range); 2) a branch of the main stem. 2763. occlude: to close, shut or block (a passage); to prevent the passage of ; shut in or out; to 2778. ogle: to keep looking (at) boldly and with obconceal , hide, or obscure; to retain or absorb vious desire; make eyes (at). (a gas, liquid or solid). 2779. olfactory: of the sense of smell. 2764. occult: hidden; concealed; secret; esoteric; beyond human understanding; mysterious; 2780. oligarchy: 1) government by the few; 2) a government in which a small group exercise designating or of certain alleged mystic arts control esp for corrupt and selsh purposes; such as magic, alchemy, astrology etc. also : a group exercising such control. 2765. occursion: impulse; check out this one!. 2781. ombudsman: 1) a government ocial ap2766. oculist: early term for ophthalmologist; oppointed to receive and investigate complaints tometrist. made by individual against abuses or capricious acts of public ocials; 2) one that investi2767. odalisque: a female slave; a concubine in a gates reported complaints (as from students or harem. consumers), reports ndings, and helps achieve 2768. odalisque: oriental female slave. equitable settlements. 90

2782. ominously: portending evil; inauspicious.

2797. opportunity: a combination of circumstances favorable for the purpose; t time; a 2783. omnipotent: unlimited power; all powerful. good chance or occasion as to advance oneself. 2784. omniscience: knowledge of all things; all 2798. opprobrious: infamous, ignominious, abhorknowing. rent; meritorious, commendable, upright. 2785. oneiric: relating to dreams. 2799. opprobrium: disgrace; reproach; infamy.

2786. onerous: troublesome; burdensome; involving a legal obligation that equals or exceeds 2800. oppugnant: opposing, unpropitious, adverse, recalcitrant; propitious, conciliatory, sympathe benet. thetic. 2787. onomatopoeia: the formation of a word in imitation of the sound of the thing meant; the 2801. opsimath: a very late learner. use of words whose sounds help to suggest the meaning (hiss, buzz); echoism; the use of words 2802. optimism: 1) a doctrine that this world is the best possible world; 2) an inclination to put whose sounds reinforce their meaning or tone, the most favorable construction upon actions as in poetry. and events or to anticipate the best possible outcome. 2788. onslaught: an esp erce attack; also : sth resembling such an attack [an of technological 2803. optimum: 1) the amount or degree of sth that changes]. is most favorable to some end; esp : the most 2789. onus: burden; responsibility; burden of proof favorable condition for the growth and repro: the obligation to prove what is asserted and duction of an organism; 2) greatest degree atin dispute. tained or attainable under implied or specied conditions. 2790. opacity: opaqueness; impervious to light; obfuscated; murky; fumed. 2804. optometry: measurement of the range and power of vision; the profession of examining 2791. opalescent: showing a play of colors like that the eyes and measuring the errors in refracof the opal; iridescent. tion and of prescribing glasses to correct these defects. 2792. operose: laborious. 2793. ophiology: the branch of zoology specializing 2805. opulence: richness; characterized by abundance or profusion; luxuriant. in the study of snakes. 2794. opiate: any medicine containing opium or 2806. any of its derivatives, and acting as a sedative and narcotic; ath tending to quiet, soothe, or deaden. 2807. 2795. opportune: right for the purpose; tting in regard to circumstances : said of time; happening or done at the right time; seasonable; 2808. well-timed; timely. opus: a work; composition; esp any of the musical works of a composer numbered in order of composition or publication. oracular: ambiguous, mystical, cryptic; lucid, clear, denite. oratorio: a long, dramatic musical composition usu on a religious theme, consisting of arias, recitatives, duets, trios, choruses etc, sung to orchestral accompaniment; it is presented without stage action, scenery, or costumes.

2796. opportunism: the practice or policy of adapting ones actions, judgements etc. to circumstances, as in politics, in order to further ones immediate interests, without regard for basic principles or eventual consequences. 2809. ordaining: to order; to assign; to decree. 91

2810. ordeal: an ancient method of trial in which 2824. the accused was exposed to physical dangers, from which he was supposed to divinely protected if he was innocent; any dicult, painful, or trying experience; severe trial. 2811. ordinal: indicating order or sequence. 2825. 2812. ordinance: a direction or command of an authoritative nature; that which is held to be a decree of fate or of a deity; an established or 2826. prescribed practice or usage esp a religious rite; a governmental, now esp municipal, statute or regulation. 2827.

orthography: 1a) the art of writing words with the proper letters according to standard usage; 1b) the representation of the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols; 2) a part of language study that deals with letters and spelling. osseous: composed of, containing or like bone; bony. ossify: to change or develop into bone; to settle or x rigidly in a practice, custom, attitude, etc. ostensible: avowed, specious, professed; unexpected, covert, veiled.

2813. ordination: the act or an instance of ordaining; the state of being ordained. 2828. ostensible: outwardly showing or professed.

2814. orient: 1) [cap] East; 2) a pearl of great luster; 2829. ostentation: act of showing; display to draw 3) lustrous, sparkling. attention or admiration. 2815. orient: 1a) to cause to face or point toward 2830. the east; specif : to build (a church or temple) with the longitudinal axis pointing eastward and the chief altar at the eastern end; 1b) to 2831. set or arrange in any determinate position, esp in relation to the points of the compass; 2a) to set right by adjusting to facts or principles; 2832. 2b) to acquaint with the existing situation or environment; 3) to direct (as a book or lm) 2833. toward the interests of a particular group. 2834. 2816. orice: an opening (as a vent, mouth, or hole) thru which sth may pass. 2835. 2817. oriamme: battle standard. 2818. orison: prayer. 2819. ormolu: imitation gold. 2837. outstrip: to go at a faster pace than; get 2820. ornate: 1) marked by elaborate rhetoric or ahead of; to excel; surpass. orid style; 2) elaborately or excessively deco2838. outwit: 1) to get the better of by superior rated. cleverness : outsmart. 2821. orotund: resonant. 2839. ovation: 1) a ceremony attending the entering of Rome by a general who had won a victory of 2822. orthodox: conforming to the usu beliefs or less importance than that for which a triumph established doctrines, as in religion, politics, was granted; 2) an expression or demonstraetc; approved or conventional. tion of popular acclaim esp by enthusiastic ap2823. orthoepy: study of pronunciation. plause [received a standing ]. 92 oust: to force or drive out; expel, eject, dispossess, etc. outlandish: foreign; queer; bizarre; out of the way. outlandish: very odd, strange or peculiar; fantastic; bizarre; remote; out of the wary. outlay: expenditure. outmoded: no longer in fashion or accepted; obsolete. outskirt: part or district remote from the center or midst, as of a city.

2836. outspoken: unrestrained in speech; frank; spoken boldly or candidly.

2840. overbearing: arrogant; domineering; acting 2854. paleontology: a science dealing with the life in a dictatorial manner; of transcending imof past geological periods as known from fossil portance; overriding. remains. 2841. overt: not hidden; open; observable; appar- 2855. ent; manifest; done openly and publicly, without attempt at concealment and with evident intent. palimpsest: a parchment, tablet etc that has been written upon or inscribed two or three times, the previous texts having been imperfectly erased an remaining, therefore still partly visible.

2842. overture: opening; disclosure; an oer or pro2856. palingeneis: reincarnation; a second creposal. ation; metempsychosis. 2843. overweening: arrogant; excessively proud; 2857. pall: to become insipid, cloying, boring, weariexaggerated; excessive. some etc; to become satiated or bored. 2844. overwrought: 1) extremely excited : agi2858. pallet: 1) a straw lled tick or mattress; 2) a tated; 2) elaborated to excess : overdone. small, hard temporary bed. 2845. pachyderm: any of certain large thick skinned hoofed animals, as the elephant, 2859. pallet: 1) a wooden at blade instrument; 2) a lever or surface in a timepiece that receives rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, formerly clasan impulse from the escapement wheel imparts sied together; a thick-skinned, insensitive, motion to a balance or pendulum; 3) a portable stolid person. platform for handling, storing, or moving materials and packages (as in warehouses). 2846. pacism: opposition to the use of force under any circumstances; specif refusal for reasons of conscience or participate in war or any military 2860. palliative: serving to extenuate; mitigating; that which lessens pain etc. action. 2847. paean: in ancient greece a hymn of thanksgiv- 2861. pallid: pale; wan; lacking sparkle or liveliness : dull. ing to the gods, esp to Apollo;a song of thanksgiving or triumph; exultation. 2862. palpable: that can be touched or felt; easily perceived by the senses; audible; recognizable, 2848. pagan: 1) heathen; esp : a follower of a polyperceptible, noticeable, obvious, evident; theistic religion (as in ancient Rome); 2) one who has little or no religion and who delights 2863. palpate: examine by touching. in sensual pleasures and material goods : an 2864. palpitate: to beat rapidly or utter; said esp irreligious or hedonistic person. of heart action that one is conscious of; to 2849. pageant: a dramatic performance, scene or throb, quiver, tremble. part. 2865. paltry: practically worthless; triing, insignif2850. painstaking: taking pains; very careful; diliicant, contemptible, petty. gent; characterized by great care. 2866. panacea: a supposed remedy, cure or 2851. paladin: champion of a cause. medicine for all diseased or ills; cure-all. 2852. palatable: pleasant or acceptable to the taste; 2867. panache: a plume of feathers esp such a t to be eaten or drunk; acceptable to the plume on a helmet; dashing elegance of manmind. ner; carefree, spirited self-condence or style amboyance. 2853. palatial: 1) of, relating to or being a palace; 2) suitable to a palace : magnicent. 2868. pandect: complete digest. 93

2869. pandemic: epidemic over a wide area. 2870.

2871.

2872. 2873.

2885. parallelism: 1) the quality or state of being parallel; 2) resemblance, correspondence;; pandemonium: any place or scene of wild 3) repeated syntactical similarities introduced disorder, noise or confusion; wild disorder, for rhetorical eect; 4) a theory that mind and noise or confusion. matter accompany one another but are not casually related. pander: a go-between in a sexual intrigue, esp a procurer, pimp; a person who provides the 2886. parameter: characteristic; element; factor means of helping to satisfy the ignoble ambi[political dissent as a of modern life]. tions or desires, vices etc of another. 2887. paramount: superior to all others; supreme. panegyric: laudatory speech; eulogy. 2888. paramour: a lover or mistress esp the illicit sexual partner of a married man or woman. pannier: large wicker basket. 2889. paranoia: a form of insanity characterized by xed delusions esp of grandeur, pride and persecution.

2874. panoply: full array. 2875. panorama: vista; landscape view.

2876. pantheism: the doctrine that identies god 2890. paraphernalia: trappings; equipment; miscellaneous accessories. with the universe. 2877. pantheon: hall of fame. 2878. 2891. paraphrase: 1) a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form. pantomime: 1a) an ancient Roman dramatic performance featuring a solo dancer and a narrative chorus; 1b) any of various dramatic or 2892. parasite: a person as in ancient greece , who attered and amused the host in return for free dancing performances in which a story is told meals; a person who lives at the expense of by expressive bodily or facial movements of the another or others without making any useful performers. contribution or return. papyrus: 1) a tall sedge of the Nile valley; 2) 2893. paregoric: soothing; lessening pain; camthe pith of the papyrus plant, esp when cut in phorated tincture of opium used esp to relieve strips and pressed into a material to write on; pain. 3a) written scroll made of papyrus. 2894. pariah: outcast; one of low or no caste?!. parable: a short , simple story, usu of an occurrence of a familiar kind, from which a moral 2895. parimutuel: a betting machine which autoor religious lesson may be drawn. matically pools, stakes and distributes winnings. paraclete: advocate. 2896. parity: 1) the quality or state of being equal paradigm: literally an example or exemplar; or equivalent; 2a) equivalence of a commodity a pattern, example or model; an overall conprice expressed in one currency to its price except accepted by most people in an intellectual pressed in another; 2b) the quality of purchascommunity as a science, because of its eecing power established by law between dierent tiveness in explaining a complex process, idea kinds of money at a given ratio. or set of data. 2897. parity: the state or fact of having borne oparadox: self contradictory stmt; contrary to spring. received opinion. 2898. parlance: speaking; conversation; mode of speech. parale(i)psis: pretended omission. 94

2879.

2880.

2881. 2882.

2883. 2884.

2899. parley: a talk or conference for the purpose of 2912. discussing a specic matter or of setting a dispute, as a military conference with an enemy 2913. under a truce, for discussing terms. 2914. 2900. parochial: restricted or conned within narrow limits.

passe: out of date; old-fashioned; not youthful, rather old. passementerie: decorative trimming. pastiche: a literary, artistic, or musical composition made of bits from various sources; potpourri; a literary , artistic , or musical composition intended to imitate or caricature another artists style; a jumbled mixture, .

2901. parody: 1) a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for comic eect or in ridicule; 2) a feeble 2915. patchouli: mint perfume. or ridiculous imitation. 2916. patent: 1) an ocial document containing a 2902. parol: word of mouth. right or a privilege; 2) a writing securing to an inventor for a term of years the exclusive right 2903. parole: 1) a promise made with or conrmed to make, use or sell an invention. by a pledge of ones honor; esp :the promise of a prisoner of war to fulll stated conditions 2917. patent: 1a) open to public inspectionused in consideration of his release; 2) a watchword chiey in the phrase letters patent; 1b) segiven only to ocers of the guard and of the cured by letters patent to the exclusive conday; 3) a conditional release of a prisoner servtrol and possession of a particular individual ing an indeterminate or unexpired sentence; or party; 1c) protected by a trademark or a 4a) a language viewed as a specic individual trade name so as to establish proprietary rights usage : performance. analogous to those conveyed by letters patent; 2) making exclusive or proprietary claims or 2904. paroxysm: a sudden attack, or intensication pretensions; 4) aording a free passage : unof the symptoms, of a disease, usu recurring obstructed [a opening]. periodically; a sudden convulsion or outburst as of laughter, rage, or sneezing; t; spasm. 2918. paternoster: the lords prayer; a harangue; a muttered formula or spell;. 2905. parquetry: inlaid woodwork in geometric forms, usu of contrasting woods, used esp in 2919. pathological: 1) altered or caused by disease; 2) diseased?. ooring. 2906. parried: to ward or keep o; to avert; to turn 2920. aside (a question, criticism etc) as by a clever or evasive reply or remark. 2921. 2907. parsimony: sparingness in the spending of money; frugality; niggardliness. 2908. partiality: the quality or state of being partial; a special liking or taste. 2909. partisan: a blind or unreasoning adherent of 2922. a party or faction; any of a group of guerilla ghters; esp a member of an organized civilian force ghting covertly to drive out occupying enemy troops. 2923. 2910. parturition: act of bringing forth; childbirth. 2911. pasquinade: 1) a lampoon posted in a public place; 2) satirical writing : satire. 95 pathos: the quality in sth experienced or observed which arouses feeling of pity, sorrow, sympathy, or compassion. patina: a ne crust or lm on bronze or copper, usu green or greenish-black formed by natural oxidation and often valued as being ornamental; any thin coating or color change resulting from age, as on old wood or silver. patios: a form of language diering generally from the accepted standard, as a provincial or local dialect; the specialized vocabulary and idioms of those in the same profession. patriarch: 1a) one of the scriptural fathers of the human race or of the Hebrew people; 1b) a man who is father or founder; 1c) the oldest member or representative of a group; a venerable old man.

2924. patronize: 1) to act as patron of: provide aid 2940. or support for; 2) to adopt an air of condescension toward : treat haughtily or coolly; 3) to be a frequent or regular customer or client of.

pejorative: declining, making or becoming worse; applied to words whose basic meaning has changed for the worse; disparaging or derogatory.

2925. Patsy: the scapegoat; a person who is easily 2941. pelagic: pertaining to the sea. manipulated or victimized; sucker. 2942. pell-mell: in a jumbled, confused mass or manner; without order or method; in wild dis2926. paucity: smallness of quantity. orderly haste, headlong. 2927. pauper: 1) a person destitute of means except 2943. such as are derived from charity; specif : one who receives funds or aids designated for the poor. 2944. 2928. peccadillo: a triing fault. 2929. peculation: embezzlement. pellucid: transparent or translucent; clear; easy to understand; clear and simple in style [a pellucid explanation]. penance: 1) an act of self-abasement, mortication or devotion performed to show sorrow or repentance for sin; 2) sth (as a hardship or penalty) resembling an act of penance (as in compensating for an oense).

2930. pecuniary: relating to money; involving a 2945. penchant: inclination; a strong liking or money penalty, or ne. fondness. 2931. pecunious: rich; relating to money. 2946. pendant: 1) sth suspended as ; a) an ornament (as on a necklace) allowed to hang free; 2932. pedagogue: a teacher, often specif a pedantic b) an electrical xture suspended from the ceildogmatic teacher. ing; 2) a hanging ornament of roofs or ceiling 2933. pedagogy: the profession or function of a much used as a connector on a boat or ship; esp teacher; teaching; the art or science of teaching : a short rope hanging from a spar and having esp instruction in teaching methods. at its free end a block or spliced thimble; 3) sth secondary or supplementary. 2934. pedant: 1a) one who makes show of knowledge; 1b) one who is unimaginative or who 2947. pendulous: hanging freely or loosely; suspended so as to swing; hanging or bending unduly emphasizes minutiae in the presentadownward; drooping. tion or use of knowledge; 1c) a formalist or precisionist in teaching. 2948. penitent: suering pain or sorrow with will to repent. 2935. pedantic: school masterly; one who is learned without being judicious; bookish knowledge!. 2949. penitentiary: relating to penance; penal and reformatory. 2936. pedestrian: going or done on foot, walking; lacking interest or imagination; prosaic; ordi- 2950. pennate: winged. nary and dull: said of a literary style, a speech 2951. pensive: thinking deeply or seriously, ofetc. ten sad or melancholy things; expressing deep thought. 2937. pediatrics: the branch of medicine dealing with the development and care of infants and 2952. penultimate: last but one. children, and with the treatment of their dis2953. penumbra: the partly lighted area surroundeases, illnesses etc. ing the complete shadow (umbra) of a body, as the moon, during an eclipse; the less dark 2938. pedigree: lineage of ancestors; genealogy. region surrounding the dark central area of a 2939. peerless: which does not have any match;. sunspot; a vague, indenite, or borderline area. 96

2954. penurious: unwilling to part with money or 2967. perigee: the point nearest to the earth in the possessions; mean; miserly; stingy; characterorbit of the moon or of a man made satellite; ized by extreme poverty; impoverished. opposed to apogee; the lowest or nearest point. 2955. penury: lack of money, property or necessi- 2968. perimeter: 1a) the boundary of a closed ties; extreme poverty; destitution. plane gure; 1b) the length of a perimeter; 2) a line or strip bounding or protecting an area; 2956. peon: 1) any of various workers in India, etc 3) outer limitsoften used in pl. as ; a) infantryman; b) orderly; 2) a member of the landless laboring class in Spanish America; 2969. peripatetic: walking about; pedestrian; itin3) a person held in compulsory servitude to a erant; an aristotalian. master for the working out of an indebtedness. 2970. peripheral: on the boundary;. 2957. percept: 1) a commandment or direction meant as a rule of action or conduct; 2) a rule 2971. periphrasis: the use of many words where of moral conduct; maxim; 3) a rule or direcone or few would do; roundabout way of speaktion, as in technical matters; 4) a written oring or writing; circumlocution. der; writ. 2972. peristyle: enclosure formed by row of 2958. percipience: keen perception. columns. 2959. percussion: 1) the act of percussing: as ; a) 2973. the striking of a percussion cap so as to set o the charge in a rearm; b) the beating or 2974. striking of a musical instrument; c) the act or technique of tapping the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts beneath by 2975. the resultant sound. perjure: to swear falsely; to forswear oneself. perjury: the breaking of an oath; false swearing. permeate: to pass into or thru and aect every part of; penetrate and spread thru.

2960. perdition: 1a) [archaic] utter destruction; 2) 2976. pernicious: highly injurious; malevolent. eternal damnation; hell. 2961. peregrination: to travel about; to live in a foreign country; to traverse; to go on a pilgrimage. 2977. peroration: the concluding part of a speech, in which there is a summing up and emphatic recapitulation; a high-own or bombastic speech.

2962. peremptory: absolute; precluding debate or 2978. perpetrate: to do or perform (sth evil, crimdispute; nal; admitting no refusal or denial. inal or oensive); be guilty of; to commit (a blunder); impose (a hoax) etc. 2963. peremptory: arbitrary, overbearing, author2979. perpetrate: to execute or commit esp an offense, poem or pun. 2964. perdious: unfaithful; basely violating faith. 2965. perforate: to make a hole or holes thru, as by 2980. punching or boring; pierce; penetrate; to pierce with holes in a row, as a pattern, computer tape, sheet of stamps etc. perpetual: lasting or enduring forever or for an indenitely long time; eternal; permanent; continuing indenitely without interruption; unceasing; constant; blooming continuously throughout the growing season. itative; mild, wavering, indecisive.

2966. perfunctory: done merely as a duty to be got through; acting without zeal or interest; hasty 2981. perpetuity: timelessness; athanasia; semor supercial. piternal; amaranthine. 97

2982. perquisite: sth additional to regular prot or 2995. pay, resulting from ones position or employment, esp sth customary or expected; a tip or gratuity; a privilege or benet to which a person , institution etc is entitled by virtue of 2996. status, position or the like; prerogative; right. 2997. 2983. persiage: banter; ippancy. 2984. personable: having a pleasing appearance and personality; attractive.

pestilential: 1a) causing or tending to cause pestilence : deadly; 1b) of or relating to pestilence; 2) morally harmful : pernicious; 3) giving rise to vexation or annoyance : irritating. petard: explosive device. petrify: to replace the normal cells (of organic matter) with silica or other mineral deposits; re-form as a strong substance; to make rigid, inexible or inert; harden or deaden; to paralyze or make numb, as with fear; stupefy; shun.

2985. perspicacious: having keen judgement or un- 2998. petulance: showing peevish impatience, irriderstanding; acutely perceptive. tation or caprice; impudent in manner. 2986. perspicuous: lucid; clear in statement or ex- 2999. petulant: irritated; showing peevish impapression. tience, irritation or caprice. 2987. pert: 1a) saucily free and forward : ippantly 3000. phantasmagoria: fantastic series of illusive images or of real forms. cocky and assured; 1b) being trim and chic : jaunty [a little hat]; 1c) piquantly stimulat3001. pharisaic: emphasizing or observing the leting [is a notion]. ter but not the spirit of religious law, selfrighteous; sanctimonious; pretending to be 2988. pertinacious: thoroughly tenacious; holding highly moral or virtuous without actually beobstinately to an opinion or purpose; obstiing so; hypocritical. nate; unyielding. 3002. phenomenon: 1) [pl phenomena] : an observable fact or event; 2a) an object or aspect known thru the senses rather than by thought or; intuition; 2b) a temporal or spatiotemporal object of sensory experience as distinguished; 2990. perturbation: the state of being disturbed; from a noumenon; 2c) a fact or event of sciendisquiet of mind. tic interest susceptible of scientic; descrip2991. peruse: to read carefully or thoroughly; tion and explanation. study; loosely, to read in a casual or leisurely 3003. philander: to engage lightly in passing love way. aairs; make love insincerely : said of a man. 2992. pervasive: to extend throughout; permeate. 3004. philanthropy: 1) goodwill to fellow men, esp 2989. perturb: to cause to be alarmed, agitated or upset; disturb or trouble greatly; to cause disorder or confusion in ; unsettle. 2993. perverse: 1a) turned away from what is right or good : corrupt; 1b) improper, incorrect; 1c) 3005. contrary to the evidence or the direction of the judge on a point of law [ verdict]; 2a) obstinate in opposing what is right, reasonable, or accepted : wrongheaded; 2b) arising from or indicative of stubbornness or obstinacy; 3) 3006. marked by peevishness or petulance : cranky. 2994. pessimism: the tendency to expect misfortune or the worst outcome in any circumstances; practice of looking on the dark side of things. 98 : active eort to promote human welfare. Philistine: a person regarded as smugly narrow and conventional in views and tastes, lacking in and indierent to cultural and aesthetic values. philology: 1) the study of literature and of disciplines relevant to literature or to language as used in literature; 2a) linguistics, esp : historical and comparative linguistics; 2b) the study of human speech, esp as the vehicle of literature and as a eld of study that sheds light on cultural history.

3007. phlegmatic: hard to rouse to action; specif 3022. pillory: a device consisting of a wooden board sluggish; dull; apathetic; cam; cool; stolid. with holes for the head and hands, in which petty oenders were formerly locked and ex3008. physiognomy: the practice of trying to judge posed to public scorn; any exposure to public character and mental qualities by observation scorn. of bodily, esp facial features; facial features and expression esp as supposedly indicative of 3023. pince-nez: eye glass kept on nose by a clip. character; the face; apparent characteristics; 3024. pine: to waste (away) thru grief, pain, longing outward features or appearance. etc; to have an intense longing or desire; yearn : with for, after, or an innitive. 3009. physiological: 1) char of or appropriate to an organisms healthy or normal functioning; 2) 3025. pinion: 1) the terminal section of a birds diering in, involving or aecting physiological wing including the carpus, metacarpus and factors [a strain of bacteria]. phalanges : broadly the wing; 2) feather, quill : also ight feathers; 3a) to disable or re3010. piacular: requiring a sacrice. strain from binding the arms; 3b) to bind fast : shackle; 4) a gear with a small number of 3011. picaresque: relating to rogues (ex movies or teeth designed to mesh with a larger wheel or sth where the rogue can be the hero). rack. 3026. pinnacle: a small turret or spire on a buttress or a supporting pier; a pointed formation, as 3013. picturesque: like a picture; implying some at the top of a mountain; peak; the highest measure of beauty with much quaintness. point; culmination; acme. 3012. picayune: ath of little or no value; petty. 3014. piebald: black and white in patches; motley. 3027. piquancy: pleasantly sharp or pungent; 3015. pied: covered with patches or spots of two or more colors; piebald; variegated. 3028. pique: to arouse resentment in, as by slighting; rue the pride of; to arouse; provoke. piscatorial: related to shing. pitfall: hidden dangers. pithy: full of vigor; terse; full of substance. pittance: a special additional allowance of food or drink in a religious house; a dole; a very small portion or quantity.

3029. 3016. piety: 1) the quality or state of being pious : as; a) delity to natural obligations (as to par- 3030. ents); b) dutifulness in religion : devoutness; 3031. 2) a conventional belief or standard : orthodoxy. 3032.

3017. pigment: coloring matter, usu in the form of an insoluble powder, mixed with oil, water, etc to make paints; any coloring matter in the cells 3033. pivot: a person or thing or or around which sth turns or depends etc; central point. and tissues of plants or animals. 3018. pilchard: young herring. 3034. placate: to soothe or mollify esp by concessions; appease.

3019. pilfer: to steal (esp small sums or petty ob- 3035. placebo: a harmless, unmedicated preparajects); lch. tion given as a medicine to a patient merely to humor him or used as a control in testing the 3020. pilferage: petty theft; to steal in small quanecacy of another, medicated substance; sth tity. said or done to win the favor of another. 3021. pillaging: plundering; to take as booty or 3036. plagiarism: stealing the thoughts or writings loot. of others and giving them out as ones own. 99

3037. plainti: a person who brings a suit into a 3055. court of law; complainant. 3056. 3038. plaintive: expressing of suering or woe; mournful; melancholy. 3039. plangent: resounding deeply.

podagra: gout (diseasecheck up). podiatry: the profession dealing with the specialized care of the feet and esp with the treatment and prevention of foot disorders.

3057. podium: 1) a low wall serving as a foundation or a terrace wall : as; a) one around the arena 3040. platitude: atness; dull commonplace or truof an ancient amphitheater serving as a base ism; an empty remark made as if it were imfor the tiers of seats; b) the masonry under portant. the stylobate of a temple; 2a) a dais esp for an orchestral conductor; 2b) lectern. 3041. platonic: purely spiritual; free from sensual desiresspecially pertaining to relations be- 3058. pogrom: an organized massacre;. tween man & woman. 3059. poignant: stinging; pricking; sharp; sharply 3042. plaudit: an act of applause; praise bestowed. painful to the feelings; piercing; evoking pity, compassion,etc; emotionally touching or mov3043. plebiscite: can be used for a law made by ing. the people; an ascertainment of the general opinion on any matter. 3060. polarize: 1) to give physical polarity to; 2) to break up into opposing factions or groupings 3044. plenary: full; complete; absolute [plenary [a campaign that d the electorate]; 3) conpower]; for attendance by all [a plenary sescentrate [recreate a cohesive rock community sion]. by polarizing ...]. 3045. plenipotentiary: having complete powers. 3061. polemic: given to disputing; controversial; ar3046. plenitude: fullness; completeness. gumentative. 3047. plethora: over-fullness in any way. 3062. politic: 1) political 2) characterized by shrewdness in managing, contriving or dealing; 3048. pliant: exible; easily inuenced. 3) sagacious in promoting a policy; 4) shrewdly tactful. 3049. pluck: 1) to pull or pick o or out; 2) to move, remove or separate forcibly or abruptly; 3) the 3063. polity: 1) political organization; 2) a specic heart, liver, lungs and wind pipe of a slaughform of political organization; 3) a form of govtered animal esp as an item of food; 4) couraernment of a religious denomination. geous readiness to ght or continue against odds : dogged resolution. 3064. polity: basic structure of government. 3050. plumb: perfectly vertical; to a complete de- 3065. gree : absolutely [you are crazy she said]; to weight with lead; to examine minutely and 3066. critically; to seal with lead. 3067. 3051. plumetting: sharply falling down. polloi: poltroonery: want of spirit; chicken!. polyglot: guages. speaking or writing many lan-

3052. pluralist: one who holds more than one oces 3068. pomp: stately or brilliant display; splendor; magnicence; ostentatious show or display. at one time. 3053. plutocracy: a govt by the wealthy; a group 3069. ponderous: very heavy; unwieldy because of weight; that seems heavy; bulky; massive; laof wealthy people who control or inuence the bored and dull. government. 3054. pluvial: rainy. 3070. ponti: of a priest or a bishop. 100

3071. pontical: of or belonging to a ponti; splendid; pompously dogmatic. 3072. popinjay: fop.

gure; 3) a conscious mental or outward behavioral attitude [take a natural toward the discussions].

3089. potable: t to drink; drinkable. 3073. populous: full of people; numerously inhabited; popular (sometimes). 3090. potent: having authority or power; mighty; inuential [a potent monarch]; convincing; co3074. porcine: of, relating to or suggesting swine. gent [a potent argument]; eective or powerful in action as a drug or drink. 3075. pore: to read or study carefully : with over; to think deeply and thoroughly : with over. 3091. potentate: a person having great power; 3076. porphyry: a reddish purple rock. ruler; monarch. 3077. portal: a gate or doorway esp a magnicent 3092. potential: that can, but has not as yet, come one. into being; possible; latent; unrealized; undeveloped. 3078. portend: to be an omen or warning of; foreshadow; presage; to be an indication of ; sig- 3093. pother: disturbance. nify. 3094. potion: a drink or liquid dose, as a medicine, 3079. portent: an evil omen; foreshadowing import. poison, or supposedly magic substance. 3080. portly: 1) dignied, stately; 2) heavy or 3095. potpourri: a mixture of dried ower petals round of body : stout. with spices, kept in ajar for its fragrance; 2) a medley, miscellany, or an anthology. 3081. poseur: a person who pretends to be what he is not; an aected or insincere person. 3096. poultice: a hot, soft, moist mass, as of our, 3082. posset: spiced hot drink. herbs, mustard, etc, sometime spread on cloth, applied to a sore or inamed part of the body. 3083. posterity: 1) the ospring of one progenitor to the furthest generation; 2) all future gener- 3097. practicable: that can be done or put into ations. practice; feasible [ a practicable plan]; that can be used; usable; useful. 3084. posthumous: born after the fathers death; published after the death of author; arising or 3098. pragmatic: 1) relating to matters of fact or continuing after ones death. practical aairs often to the exclusion of intel3085. postprandial: after dinner. lectual or artistic matters; practical as opposed to idealistic [ men of power have had etc].

3086. postulant: a petitioner; a candidate for holy 3099. prate: to talk much and foolishly; chatter. orders. 3087. postulate: 1) demand,claim; 2a) to assume 3100. or claim as true, existent or necessary : depend upon or start from the postulate of; 3) a hypothesis advanced as an essential presup- 3101. position, condition or premise for a train of reasoning. prattle: to speak in a childish way; babble; prate. preamble: an introduction, esp one to a constitution, statute etc stating the reasons for it and its purpose; an introductory fact, event etc; preliminary.

3088. posture: 1) the position or bearing of the body whether char or assumed for a special 3102. prebendary: resident clergyman who enjoys purpose; 2) the pose of a model or artistic a prebend. 101

3103. precarious: 1) depending upon circum- 3114. stances; uncertain; insecure; 2) dependent upon chance; risky [a precarious foothold]; 3) dependent upon mere assumption; unwar- 3115. ranted [a precarious assertion]. 3104. precatory: of the nature of or expressing a wish, request or recommendation.

precocious: early in reaching some state of development. precursor: 1) a person or thing that goes before; forerunner; harbinger; 2) a predecessor, as in oce; 3) a substance that precedes and is the source of another substance. predatory: 1) of, living by , or characterized by plundering, robbing or exploiting others; 2) living by capturing and feeding upon other animals; predacious. predecessor: 1) a person who precedes or preceded another, as in oce; 2)a thing replaced by another thing, as in use; 3) an ancestor, forefather. predicament: unfortunate situation or condition. predicate: preach; to arm; to assert; predilection: favourable prepossession of mind; preference.

3116. 3105. precedent: 1) prior in time, order, arrangement or signicance; 2) an earlier occurrence of sth similar; 3a) sth done or said that may serve as an example or rule to authorize or justify a 3117. subsequent act of the same or an analogous kind [a verdict that had no precedent]. 3106. precept: 1) a command or principle intended esp as a general rule of action; 2) an order is3118. sued by legally constituted authority to a subordinate ocial. 3119. 3107. precinct: space; an area esp around a building or other subject; any area of jurisdiction. 3120.

3108. precipice: 1) a vertical, almost vertical . or overhanging rock face; steep cli; 2) a greatly 3121. preeminence: outstanding extreme; surpasshazardous situation, verging on disaster. ing others in good or bad qualities. 3109. precipitate: 1) falling steeply, rushing head- 3122. long, owing swiftly, etc; 2)acting, happening or done very hastily or rashly; impetuous; headstrong; 3) very sudden, unexpected, or abrupt. 3110. precipitate: 1) to throw headlong; hurl 3123. downward; 2) to cause to happen before expected, warranted, needed, or desired; bring 3124. on; hasten [to precipitate a crisis]; 4) to condense (water vapor) and cause to fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet etc. 3125. 3111. precipitous: sheer; sharp like a precipice. 3112. precise: 1) strictly dened; accurately stated; 3126. denite; 2) speaking denitely or distinctly; 3) with no variation; minutely exact [the precise amount]; 4a) that strictly conforms to usage, 3127. rules etc; scrupulous; fastidious; 4b) too fastidious; nicky.

preemption: 1) the act or right of buying land, etc before, or in preference to, others; esp such a right granted to a settler on public land; 2) action taken to check another action beforehand. preen: a) [dial Brit] pin : brooch; b) to dress or smooth (oneself) up : primp. prefatory: of, like, or serving as a preface; introductory. prehensile: adapted for seizing or grasping, esp by wrapping or folding around sth, as the tail of certain monkeys. prelate: an ecclesiastic of high rank; a chief priest in clergymen. prelude: ath serving as the introduction to a principal event, action, performance etc; preliminary part; preface; opening.

3113. preclude: to close beforehand; to prevent; to 3128. premeditate: to think out, plan or scheme hinder by anticipation. beforehand [a premeditated murder]. 102

3129. premonition: a forewarning; feeling that sth 3146. is going to happen. 3147. 3130. preponderate: 1) to sink or incline downward, as the scale of a balance; 2) to surpass others in amount, number, power, inuence, 3148. importance, etc; predominate. 3131. preposterous: utterly absurd.

prevenience: foresighted action. prim: stiy formal, precise, moral, etc; proper; demure. primogeniture: 1) the condition or fact of being the rst-born of the same parents; 2) the exclusive right of the eldest son to inherit his fathers estate.

3132. prerogative: a peculiar privilege shared by 3149. primordial: 1) rst in time; existing at or no other; a distinctively superior advantage. from the beginning; primitive; primeval; 2) not derivative; fundamental; original; 3) earli3133. presage: 1) sth that foreshadows or portends est formed in the development of an organism, a future event : omen; 2) an intuition or feeling organ, structure, etc; primitive. of what is going to happen in the future. 3150. primp: to groom or dress up in a fussy way. 3134. prescience: fore knowledge; foresight. 3151. pristine: 1) original; former; belonging to the 3135. presentiment: a feeling that sth esp of an unearliest time; 2) still pure; uncorrupted; unfortunate or evil nature is about to take place; spoiled. foreboding. 3136. prestidigitator: one who has sleight of hand. 3152. privation: being deprived of something necessary for comfort. 3137. prestige: 1) the power to impress or inuence, as because of success, wealth etc; 2) reputation 3153. privative: making negative. based on brilliance of achievement, character 3154. privy: 1) a small building having a bench with etc; renown. holes thru which the user may defecate or urinate; toilet. 3138. presumptuous: insolent, arrogant, brazen; [Opp.] dident, coy, unobtrusive. 3155. privy: 1a) private, withdrawn; 1b) secret; 2) belonging or relating to a person in ones indi3139. presumptuous: presuming; taking as true vidual rather than ocial capacity; 3) admitwithout examination or proof. ted as one sharing a secret [ to the conspir3140. pretentious: 1) overassuming; seeming to acy]. claim much; 2) aectedly grand; ostentatious. 3156. probation: testing; proof. 3141. preterition: retrospective time; bygone days; 3157. probity: uprightness; moral integrity. antiquity; pristine. 3142. preternatural: 1) diering from or beyond 3158. problematic: 1) having the nature of a problem; hard to solve or deal with; 2) not settled; what is normally found in or expected from yet to be determined; uncertain. nature; abnormal ;2) supernatural; 3143. pretext: 1) a false reason or motive put forth 3159. proclivity: inclination; propensity. to hide the real one; excuse; 2) a cover-up; 3160. procrastinate: to put o intentionally and front. habitually : postpone. 3144. prevalent: a) widely existing; b) generally 3161. procure: 1) to get or bring about by some practiced, occurring, or accepted. eort; obtain ;secure [to procure supplies]; 2) 3145. prevaricate: to deviate; to evade the truth; to obtain (persons, esp women) for the purpose to shift from side to side. of prostitution. 103

3162. prod: 1) to jab or poke with or as with a 3179. proliferate: 1) to grow by multiplying new pointed stick; goad ; 2) to urge or stir unto parts, as by budding, in quick succession; 2) action. to multiply rapidly; increase profusely. 3163. prodigal: 1) exceedingly or recklessly waste- 3180. ful; 2) extremely generous; lavish [prodigal with ones praise]; 3) extremely abundant; profuse. 3181. 3164. prodigious: 1) wonderful; amazing; 2) of great size, power, extent, etc; enormous; huge. 3182. 3165. profane: 1) to treat sth (sacred) with irreverence, abuse or contempt : desecrate; 2) to debase by wrong, unworthy or vulgar use; 3) not concerned with religious purposes : secular; 4) not holy because unconsecrated, impure 3183. or deled : unsanctied. 3166. proigate: abandoned to vice; overthrown; defeated. 3167. profound: deep seated; intense; abstruse. 3168. profusion: extravagance; prodigality. 3184. promissory: containing a promise of some engagement to be fullled. promontory: a peak of high land that juts out into a body of water; headland. prompt: 1) to move to action : incite; 2) to assist (one acting or reciting) by saying or suggesting or saying the next words of sth forgotten or imperfectly learned : cue; 3) to serve as the inciting cause of; 4) being ready and quick to act as occasion demands. prolic: 1) producing young or fruit, esp freely; 2) to increase in number as by proliferating : multiply. prolix: long winded; dwelling too long on particulars. prominent: 1) sticking out; projecting [a prominent chin]; 2) noticeable at once; conspicuous [prominent markings]; 3) widely and favorably known [a prominent artist]. promiscuous: 1) consisting of dierent elements mixed together or mingled without sorting or discrimination; 2) characterized by lack of discrimination; specif engaging in sexual intercourse indiscriminately or with many persons; 3) without plan or purpose; casual.

3169. progenitor: 1) a forefather, ancestor in di- 3185. rect line; 2) a source from which sth develops; originator or precursor. 3186. 3170. progeny: children, descendants or ospring collectively; issue. 3171. prognathous: having projecting jaws.

3172. prognosis: a forecast or forecasting; esp a prediction of the probable course of a disease 3187. promulgate: to proclaim; to make widely in an individual and the chances of recovery. known. 3173. prognostications: predictions. 3188. prone: 1) having a tendency or inclination : being likely [ to forget names]; 2a) having the 3174. projectile: 1) an object designed to be hurled front or ventral surface downward; 2b) lying or shot forward, as a cannon shell etc; 2) anyat or prostrate. thing thrown or hurled forward. 3175. prolate: also used for widespread. 3189. propaedeutic: relating to introduction to a study.

3176. prolegomena: an introduction esp to a trea3190. propagate: 1) to cause to continue to increase tise;. by sexual or asexual reproduction; 2) to pass along to ospring; 3) to cause to spread out 3177. prolegomena: preliminary remarks. and aect a greater number or greater area : 3178. proletariat: the working class; esp the indusextend; to foster growing knowledge of familtrial working class. iarity with or acceptance of : publicize. 104

3191. propensity: inclination of mind; tendency to 3205. proscribe: to banish, ostracise, interdict; to good or evil; disposition. invite, entreat, welcome. 3192. prophylactic: preventive or protective; esp 3206. proselyte: 1) to try to convert (a person), esp preventing or guarding against disease. to ones religion; 2) to persuade to do or join sth esp by oering an inducement. 3193. propinquity: 1) nearness in time or place; 2) nearness of relationship; kinship. 3207. prosody: 1) the science or art of versication, including the study of metrical struc3194. propitiate: to cause to become favorably intures, stanza forms, etc; 2) a particular system clined; win or regain the good will of; appease or style of versication and metrical structure. or conciliate [sacrices made to propitiate the gods]. 3208. prosperity: the condition of being successful or thriving, esp well being. 3195. propitious: favorable; disposed to be gracious; boding well; auspicious; that favors or 3209. prostration: humble reverence; (say lying furthers [propitious winds]. at on the ground). 3196. proponent: bringing forward; bringing into 3210. protagonist: hero; leader; the chief actor or action. combatant. 3197. propositions: act of proposing. 3211. protean: readily assuming dierent shapes; variable; inconstant. 3198. propound: to put forward for consideration; purpose. 3212. prototype: original; module; paradigm; spec3199. proprietary: of the nature of property; of ownership. 3213. 3200. propriety: 1) the quality of being proper, tting or suitable; tness; 2) conformity with what is proper or tting; 3) conformity with accepted standards or proper manner or be3214. havior. 3215. 3201. propulsive: tending or having power to propel. 3216. imen; archetype. protract: 1) to draw out, lengthen in duration; prolong; 2) to draw to scale, using a protractor and scale; 3) to thrust out; extend : opposed to retract. protrude: to thrust or jut out; project. protuberance: bulging or swelling. provenance: 1) origin, source; 2) the history of ownership of a valued object or work of art or literature.

3202. prosaic: 1) of or like prose rather than poetry; often specif heavy, at, unimaginative etc; 2) commonplace, dull and ordinary [prosaic de- 3217. provender: 1) dry food for livestock, as hay, tails of everyday life]. corn, oats,etc; fodder; 2) provisions; food. 3203. proscenium: 1a) the apron of a stage; 1b) 3218. the plane separating the stage proper from the audience and including the arch (proscenium arch) and the curtain within it; 2) the stage of 3219. an ancient Greek or Roman theatre. 3204. proscribe: 1) in ancient Rome, to publish the name of ( a person) condemned to death, ban- 3220. ishment etc; 2) to deprive of the protection of the law; outlaw; 3) to banish; exile; 4) to denounce or forbid the practice, use etc of; interdict. 105 providence: foresight; prudent management and thrift; timely preparation.

provident: 1) providing for future needs or events; exercising or characterized by foresight; 2) prudent or economical. provincial: 1) the superior of a province of a Roman Catholic religious order; 2) one living in or coming from a province; 3a) a person of local or restricted interests or outlook; 3b) a person lacking urban polish or renement.

3221. provisional: having the nature of a tempo- 3232. rary provision; arranged or established for the time being, pending permanent arrangement or establishment.

psychiatry: the branch of medicine concerned with the study, treatment and prevention of disorders of the mind including psychoses and neuroses, emotional maladjustment etc.

3222. proviso: a provision or condition in a deed or 3233. psychopath: a person suering from a menwriting; stipulation. tal disorder; specif a person whose behavior is largely amoral or asocial and who is; charac3223. provoke: 1) to excite to some action or feelterized by irresponsibility, lack of remorse or ing; 2) to anger, irritate, or annoy; 3) to stir shame, perverse or; impulsive (often criminal) up (action or feeling); 4) to call forth; evoke behavior, and other serious personality defects; [to provoke a smile]. generally without psychotic attacks or symptoms. 3224. proximity: the state or quality of being near; 3234. psychosis: a major mental disorder in which the personality in very seriously disorganized 3225. proxy: 1) the agency or function of a depute; and contact with reality is usu impaired. 2) the authority to act for another; 3) a document empowering a person to act for another, 3235. pterodactyl: any of various pterosaurs of the as in voting at a stockholders meeting; 4) a Late Jurassic having a rudimentary tail and person empowered to act for another. beak with reduced dentition. 3226. prude: a person who is over modest or proper 3236. puerile: childish; triing; silly. in behaviour, dress, or speech, esp in a way 3237. puerile: foolish, puny, fatuous, shallow; wise, that annoys others. sensible, shrewd. 3227. prudent: 1) capable of exercising sound 3238. judgement in practical matters, esp as concerns ones own interests; 2) cautious or dis- 3239. creet in conduct; circumspect; not rash; 3) 3240. managing carefully and with economy. 3241. 3228. prune: 1) to remove the dead or living parts from (a plant) so as to increase fruit or ower 3242. production or improve the form; 2) to cut out or get rid of as being unnecessary; 3) to reduce 3243. or diminish by removing what is unnecessary. pugnacious: fondness for ghting. puissant: powerful; strong. pulchritude: physical comeliness; beauty. pullulate: swarm. pulsate: 1) to beat or throb rhythmically, as the heart; 2) to vibrate; quiver. pulverize: 1) to crush , grind, etc into a powder or dust; 2) to break down completely; demolish. nearness in space, time etc.

3229. prurient: uneasily or morbidly interested curious or craving; dallying with lascivious 3244. pummel: to beat or hit with repeated blows, thoughts. esp with the st. 3230. psittacism: parrot like. 3245. punctilious: exact observance of formalities.

3246. 3231. psyche: 1) the human soul; 2) the intellect; 3) the mind considered as a subjectively perceived, functional entity, based ultimately upon physical processes but with complex processes of its own : it governs the total organism and its interactions with the environment. 3247. 106

pundit: 1) a person who has or professes to have great knowledge/learning; actual or selfprofessed authority; 2) in India , a Brahmin who is learned in Sanskrit and in Hindu philosophy, law and religion. pungency: acridity; mordant; acrimonious.

3248. pungent: sharp; pricking or acrid to taste.

3266. qualm: 1) a sudden attack of illness, faintness, or nausea; 2) a sudden access of usu disturbing 3249. punitive: concerned with inicting or intendemotion (as of doubt of fear); 3) a feeling of ing to inict punishment. uneasiness about a point esp of conscience or propriety. 3250. purblind: lacking understanding. 3251. purgatory: any state or place of temporary 3267. punishment, expiation or remorse. 3268. 3252. purloin: to lch; steal; to appropriate wrongfully and often by breach of trust. quandaries: state of perplexity; dilemma. quarry: 1) an animal that is being hunted down, esp with dogs or hawks; prey; 2) ath being hunted or pursued.

3253. purport: 1) meaning; tenor; sense; drift; 2) 3269. quarry: a place where building stone, marble intention; object. or slate is excavated, as by cutting or blasting. 3254. purveyor: one whose business is to provide 3270. quash: 1) to annul or set aside (an indictvictuals or meals. ment); 2) to quell or suppress (an uprising). 3255. purview: scope; range; eld of activity or 3271. quay: a wharf, usu of concrete or stone, for view. use in loading and unloading ships. 3256. pusillanimity: timidity, dastardliness, cow3272. queasy: unsettled; uneasy; causing nausea. ardice, poltroonery; valour, intrepidity, fortitude. 3273. quell: to extinguish; to crush; subdue. 3257. putative: generally considered or deemed 3274. querulous: complaining; peevish. such; reputed [a putative ancestor]. 3258. putrid: 1) decomposed; rotten and foul 3275. smelling; 2) causing, showing or proceeding from decay; 3) morally corrupt; depraved; 4) very disagreeable or unpleasant. 3259. pylon: gateway. quibble: an evasive turning away from the point in question into matters irrelevant; merely verbal or insignicant; a pun; a petty conceit.

3276. quibble: prevaricate, equivocate, cavil; berm, act conscientiously, speak plainly.

3260. pyromania: a persistent compulsion to start destructive res. 3277. quiddity: the whatness or essence of anything; a cavil; a captious question. 3261. quack: 1) any person who pretends to have knowledge or skill that he or she does not have 3278. quiescent: quiet; still; inactive. in a particular eld; charlatan; 2) an untrained person who practices medicine fraudulently. 3279. quietude: quietness; tranquility. 3262. qua: to drink deeply in a hearty or thirsty 3280. way. 3281. 3263. quagmire: wet boggy ground that yields or quakes under the feet; a dicult or inextricable position [a quagmire of debts]. 3264. quail: to draw back in fear; lose heart or courage. 3265. quaint: skillful esp in the use of language. 107 quietus: release from life. quintessence: 1) in ancient and medieval philosophy the fth essence, or ultimate substance, of which the heavenly bodies were thought to be composed : distinguished from the four elements (air, re, water, and earth); 2) the pure, concentrated essence of ath; 3) the most perfect manifestation of a quality or thing.

3282. quip: 1a) a clever usu taunting remark : gibe; 3300. rampant: prevalent, dominant, violent; un1b) a witty or funny observation or response obtrusive, meek, mild. usu made on the spur of the moment; 2) quib3301. rampant: rearing; high spirited; unreble, equivocation. strained; unchecked in growth or prevalence. 3283. quirk: a sudden turn; twist; an artful evasion; 3302. rampart: 1) an embankment of earth, usu a quibble. surmounted by a parapet, encircling a castle, 3284. quisling: a traitor. fort etc for defense against attack; 2) any defense or bulwark. 3285. quixotic: extravagantly chivalrous or foolishly idealistic; visionary; impractical or im- 3303. ramshackle: tumble down; not in good conpracticable. dition?. 3286. quizzical: 1) odd, comical; 2) teasing; ban- 3304. rancid: sour; rank in smell or taste; having tering; 3) perplexed; questioning. the bad smell or taste of stale fats or oils. 3287. quizzical: awed?. 3305. rancor: ill-will; virulence; spite; deep seated enmity.

3288. quorum: 1) the minimum number of members required to be present at an assembly or 3306. rankle: to cause or cause to have long lasting meeting before it can validly proceed to transanger, rancor, resentment etc [their indieract business; 2) a select group or company. ence rankled him]. 3289. quotidian: 1) daily; recurring every day; 2) 3307. rankling: continuing to be a painful or bitter everyday, usual or ordinary. memory; 3290. quotidian: occurring everyday. 3308. rant: to talk or say in a loud, wild, extravagant way; declaim violently; rave.

3291. rabid: frantic, berserk, frenetic, frenzied; sane, normal, reasonable. 3309. rapacious: avaricious, voracious, predatory; liberal, bountiful, prodigal. 3292. raconteur: a person skilled at telling stories or anecdotes. 3310. rapine: plundering; prey; ravishment. 3293. ragamun: a dirty, ragged person; esp a 3311. poor ragged child. 3312. 3294. rail: to speak bitterly or reproachfully; complain violently : with against or at. 3313. 3295. raiment: clothing; wearing apparel; attire. 3314. 3296. rakish: dissolute; libertine; having a trim or streamline appearance suggestive of 3315. speed; dashingly or carelessly unconventional : jaunty. 3297. rambling: aimless; walking for pleasure. rapport: relation; connection. rapprochement: a drawing together; establishment or renewal of cordial relations. raptorial: predacious. rapturous: extremely delightful; paroxysm. rarefy: 1) to make or become thin, or less dense; 2) to make or become more rened, subtle or lofty.

3316. raspy: 1) rasping; grating; 2) easily irritated.

3298. rambunctious: marked by uncontrollable ex- 3317. ratify: to approve or conrm, esp to give ocial sanction to. uberance; unruly. 3299. ramication: branching esp the remote 3318. ratiocination: logical reasoning; act of drawbranch, oshoot or link. ing conclusions from premises. 108

3319. raucous: 1) hoarse; rough-sounding; 2) loud 3333. and rowdy. 3334. 3320. ravage: 1) an act or practice of ravaging; 2) damage resulting from ravaging ; violently destructive eect; 3) to wreak havoc on : aect 3335. destructively. 3321. rave: 1a) to talk irrationally in or as if in delir- 3336. ium; 1b) to speak wildly; 1c) to talk with extreme enthusiasm; 2) to move or advance vio3337. lently : storm; 3) act or instance of raving; 4) an extravagantly favorable criticism. 3338. 3322. ravel: 1a) to separate or undo the texture of : unravel; 1b) undo the intricacies of : disentangle ; 2) sth tangled; sth raveled out : specif a loose thread. 3339.

rebuttal: to repel; to refute. recalcitrant: 1) refusing to obey authority, custom, regulation, etc; stubbornly deant; 2) hard to handle or deal with. recalcitrant: obstinate in opposition. recant: retract, abjure, withdraw, repudiate; to acknowledge, admit, proclaim. recant: to retract; to revoke a former declaration; to unsay what has been said. recant: to withdraw or renounce (beliefs or statements formerly held) esp in a formal or public manner. recapitulate: to repeat briey, as in an outline; summarize.

3323. ravenous: 1) greedily or wildly hungry; voracious or famished; 2) very eager for gratica- 3340. receptacle: that in ath may be received or tion [ravenous for praise]; 3) very rapacious.g stored.

3324. raze: to tear down completely; level to the 3341. receptive: 1) able or inclined to receive; esp ground; demolish. : open and responsive to ideas, impressions or suggestions; 2a) of a sensory end organ : t to 3325. reactionary: relating to, marked by, or favorreceive or transmit stimuli. ing reaction ,esp ultraconservative in politics. 3326. realm: 1) a kingdom; 2) a region; sphere; area 3342. recession: 1) the act or action of receding : withdrawal; 2) a departing procession (as of [the realm of thought]; 3) any of the primary clergy and choir at the end of a church service); biogeographic regions of the earth. 3) a period of reduced economic activity. 3327. rebate: a return on part of an amount paid, as for goods or services, serving s a reduction 3343. recidivism: habitual or chronic relapse, or tendency to relapse, esp into, crime or antior discount. social behavior. 3328. rebu: 1) an abrupt, blunt refusal of oered 3344. reciprocate: 1) to give and take mutually; 2) advice, help etc; 2) any check or repulse. to return in kind or degree; 2) to move for3329. rebued: a beating back; unexpected refusal; ward and backward alternately [a reciprocatsnub. ing valve]. 3330. rebuked: sternly. to check; restrain; to reprove 3345. recluse: shut away from the world; secluded; solitary. recoil: to shrink from;. recompense: to return an equivalent to or for; to repay. reconcile: 1) to make friendly again or win over to a friendly attitude; 2) to settle a (quarrel or dispute) or compose (a dierence); 3) to make (arguments, ideas, texts, accounts,

3331. rebus: a kind of puzzle consisting of pictures 3346. of objects, signs, letters, etc, the combination of whose names suggests words or phrases [a 3347. picture of an eye followed by an L followed by an ampersand is a for island]. 3348. 3332. rebut: to contradict, refute or oppose, esp in a formal manner by argument, proof, etc, as in a debate. 109

etc) consistent, compatible, etc; bring into har- 3360. recuperate: 1) to be restored to health, mony; 4) to make content, submissive or acquistrength etc; get well again; recover; 2) to reescent (to) [to become ed ones lot]. cover losses, etc. 3349. recondite: 1) beyond the grasp of the or- 3361. dinary mind or understanding; profound; abstruse; 2) dealing with abstruse or dicult sub- 3362. jects; 3) obscure or concealed. 3363. 3350. reconnaissance: an exploratory survey or examination as in seeking out information about enemy positions or installations, or as in making a preliminary geological or engineering survey. recusant: dissenting in religion. redaction: editing. redeem: 1a) to buy back : repurchase; 1b) to get or win back; 2) to free from what distresses or harms: as; a) to free from captivity by payment of ransom; b) to extricate from or help to overcome sth detrimental; c) to release from blame or debt; 3) to change for the better; 4) to atone for : expiate.

3351. recount: 1) to tell in detail; give an account of; narrate; 2) to tell in order or one by one; 3364. redolent: 1) sweet-smelling; fragrant; 2) 3) to count again. smelling (of); 3) suggestive or evocative (of). 3352. recourse: 1) a turning or seeking for aid, 3365. safety etc; 2) that to which one turns seeking aid,safety , etc [ones last recourse]; 3) the right to demand payment from the maker or 3366. endorser of a negotiable; instrument as a bill of exchange : usu in without recourse without; obligation to pay (added by the endorser to the bill of exchange to escape; possible lia- 3367. bility). 3353. recreant: surrendering; craven; false. 3354. recriminate: to answer an accuser by accusing him in return; reply with a counter-charge. redoubtable: 1) formidable; valiant; 2) commanding respect [a logician].

redress: to set right; rectify or remedy, often by making compensation for (a wrong, grievance,etc). redundance: superabundance; superuity; saturation; exuberance; surfeit; excess; exorbitance.

3368. reek: 1) to expose to the action of smokes or fumes; 2) to emit or exude (vapor, fumes, etc). refection: a light meal. refectory: a dining hall in a monastery, college, etc. referendum: the principle or practice of submitting a vote, a question directly to the vote of the electorate.

3355. recrudescence: a new outbreak after a pe- 3369. riod of abatement or inactivity; renewal. 3370. 3356. rectify: 1) to set right : remedy; 2) to purify (as alcohol) esp by repeated or fractional 3371. distillation; 3) to correct by removing errors : adjust.

3357. rectitude: 1) conduct according to moral principle; strict honesty; uprightness of char- 3372. refractory: 1) hard to manage; stubborn; obstinate : said of a person or animal; 2) resistant acter; 2) correctness of judgement or method. to heat; hard to melt or work : said or ores or 3358. rectitude: 1) the quality or state of being metals; 3a) not yielding to treatment,as a disstraight; 2) moral integrity : righteousness; 3) ease; 3b) able to resist disease. the quality or state of being correct in judge3373. refrain: 1) to keep oneself from doing, feeling ment or procedure. or indulging in sth and esp from following a 3359. recumbent: 1a) lying down; reclining; leanpassing impulse; 2) curb, restrain. ing; 1b) resting; idle; 2) designating a part that leans or lies upon some other part or surface. 3374. refulgent: brilliant. 110

3375. refurbish: to brighten, freshen, or polish up 3387. reiterate: to repeat (sth done or said); say or again; renovate. do again or repeatedly. 3376. refute: 1) to prove (a person) to be wrong; 3388. rejoinder: a) an answer to a reply; b) a reply; confute; 2) to prove (an argument or stateanswer. ment) to be false or wrong, by argument or 3389. rejuvenate: 1) to make feel or seem young evidence. again; bring back to youthful strength, appear3377. regal: 1) of a monarch, royal; 2) characteristic ance etc; 2) to make seem new or fresh again. of, like, or t for a monarch; splendid, stately, magnicent etc. 3390. relation: analogy; apposition; anity; homogeneity. 3378. regale: 1) to entertain by providing a splendid feast; 2) to delight with sth pleasing or 3391. relegate: to banish; to dismiss; to assign; to amusing. refer. 3379. regatta: event consisting of rowing or yacht 3392. races. 3393. 3380. regeneration: 1) an act or the process of regenerating; 2) spiritual renewal or revival; 3) renewal or restoration of a body or bodily part 3394. after injury or as a normal process; 4) utilization special devices of heat or other products that would ordinarily be lost. relegate: to banish; to send away; to dismiss. relent: to soften in temper, resolution etc; become less severe, stern, stubborn etc. relic: 1a) an object esteemed and venerated because of association with a saint or martyr; 1b) souvenir: memento; 2) [pl] remains, corpse; 3) a survivor or remnant of some past or outmoded practice.

3381. regicide: 1) one who kills, or is responsible for the killing of a monarch, esp of ones own 3395. relinquish: 1) to give up; abandon (a plan, country; 2) the killing of a monarch. policy etc); 2) to renounce or surrender (sth owned, a right etc); 3) to let go (a grasp, hold 3382. regime: 1a) regimen; 1b) a regular pattern of etc). occurrence or action (as of seasonal rainfall); 1c) the char behavior or orderly procedure of a 3396. reliquary: a receptacle for relics. natural phenomenon or process; 2a) a mode or rule of management; 2b) a form of government; 3397. relish: 1) char avor; esp : pleasing or zestful 2c) a government in power. avor; 2) a quality just sucient to avor or characterize : trace; 3a) enjoyment or delight 3383. regimen: a regulated system of diet, exercise, in sth that satises ones tastes, inclinations or etc for therapy or the maintenance or improvedesires; 3b) a strong liking, or inclination; 4a) ment of health. sth adding a zestful avor esp a condiment (as of pickles or green tomatoes) eaten with other 3384. rehabilitate: 1a) to restore to a former cafood to add avor. pacity : reinstate; 1b) to restore to good repute : reestablish the good name of; 2a) to restore to a former state (as of eciency, good 3398. remediable: capable of being remedied, relieved, corrected or treated. management or solvency) [ slum areas]; 2b) to restore or bring to a condition of health or 3399. reminiscence: recollection; an account of sth useful and constructive activity. remembered; sth that suggests or recalls sth else; reminder. 3385. reication: act of making sth concrete. 3386. reimbursable: sth which can be ie to pay 3400. remiss: negligent; slack; wanting in vigor; an equivalent to the loss or expense. characterized by carelessness or negligence. 111

3401. remission: the act or an instance of remit- 3413. ting; specif ; a) forgiveness or pardon, as of sins or crimes; b) cancellation of or release from a debt, tax, penalty etc; c) a lessening or 3414. abating, as of heat or cold, pain etc; d) a relatively prolonged lessening or disappearance of the symptoms of a disease. 3402. remonstrate: to make strong or formal protest; to expostulate;

renunciate: to renounce; repudiate: specif ascetic self-denial. reparation: 1a) a repairing or keeping in repair; 1b) [pl] repairs; 2a) the act of making amends, oering expiation, or giving satisfaction for a wrong or injury; 2b) sth done or given as an act of satisfaction; 3) indemnication.

3415. repartee: 1) a quick, witty reply; 2) a series of 3403. remorse: 1) a gnawing distress arising from such rejoinders; 3) skill in making witty replies. a sense of guilt for past wrongs ; self-reproach; 3416. repartee: a quick witty reply. penitence. 3404. remunerate: to recompense; to pay for ser- 3417. repatriate: to send back or return to the country of birth,citizenship, or allegiance. vice rendered. 3405. rend: 1) to tear, pull or rip with violence 3418. : with from, o, away etc; 2) to tear, pull apart, rip up or split with violence [a tree rent by lightning] : often used guratively [a roar rends the air]; 3) to tear (ones clothing) to 3419. show grief, anguish, etc. 3406. rendition: surrender; to tender or submit. 3420. repercussion: 1) reection, reverberation; 2a) an action or eect given or extended in return : a reciprocal action or eect; 2b) a widespread, indirect, or unforeseen eect of an 3408. renege: to back out of an agreement; go back action, or event. on a promise. 3421. repertoire: 1a) a list or supply of dramas, op3409. renitent: constantly opposed. eras, pieces or parts that a company or person is prepared to perform; 1b) a supply of skills, 3410. renounce: 1) to give up (a claim, right, belief devices, or expedients [part of the of a quaretc), usu by a formal public statement; 2) to terback]; 1c) a list or supply of capabilities. give up (a pursuit, practice, way of living or 3407. renegade: alternate spellingrenegate apostate; one faithless to principle or party. feeling etc); 3) to cast o or disown; refuse 3422. further association with; repudiate. 3423. 3411. renovate: 1) to make fresh or sound again, as though new; clean up, replace worn out and broken parts; 2) to refresh; revive. 3424. 3412. rent: 1a) a usu xed periodical return made by a tenant or occupant of property to the owner for the possession and use thereof; esp 3425. : an agreed sum paid at xed intervals by the tenant; 2) the portion of the income of an economy (as of a nation) attributable to land as a 3426. factor of production in addition to capital and labor. 112 repertoire: a repertory of someone or sth. repertory: storehouse; repository; company that presents several dierent plays, operas, or theater housing such a company. repine: 1) to feel or express dejection or discontent; 2) to long for sth. repine: to feel or express unhappiness or discontent; complain; fret. replete: 1) fully or abundantly provided or lled [a book with info]; 2a) abundantly fed : fat : stout. repeal: 1) to rescind or annul by authoritative act; esp : to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactment; 2) abandon, renounce. repellent: 1) serving to drive away or ward o-often used in combination; 2) arousing aversion or disgust.

3427. replete: ill-lled or plentifully supplied; 2) 3442. reprove: 1) to scold or correct usu gently or stued with food and drink; gorged. with kindly intent; 2) to express disapproval of : censure [it is not for me to popular taste]. 3428. replicate: 1) to fold; bend back; 2) to repeat or duplicate. 3443. repudiate: 1) to refuse to have ath to do with; disown or cast o publicly; 2a) to refuse to ac3429. repository: a place or receptacle in which ath cept or support; deny the validity of (a belief, a is laid up; storehouse; place of accumulation. treaty, etc); 2b) to deny the truth of (a charge, etc); 3) to refuse to acknowledge or pay (a debt 3430. reprehend: to reprimand or rebuke (a peror obligation) : said esp of a government. son); to nd fault with (sth done); censure. 3431. reprehensible: blameworthy. 3444. repudiate: to divorce; to disown; to reject. repugnance: 1) inconsistency or contradiction; 2) extreme dislike or distaste; aversion; antipathy. repulsion: 1) the action of repulsing : the state of being repulsed; 2) the action of repelling : the force with which bodies, particles, or like forces repel one another.

3432. repress: 1a) to check by or as if by pressure : 3445. curb [injustice was ed]; 1b) to put down by force : subdue; 2a) to hold in by self control [ed a laugh]; 2b) to prevent the natural or normal expression, activity or development of 3446. [ed her anger]. 3433. repressive: adj of repress ie to keep under; restrain. 3434. reprieve: 1) to postpone the punishment of; esp to postpone the execution of (a person condemned to death); 2) to give a temporary relief to, as from trouble or pain.

3447. requiem: a Mass for one or more deceased persons; a musical setting for this; also, any musical service, hymn, or dirge for the dead; 3) any dirge like song, chant, or poem.

3448. requisite: required, as by circumstances; nec3435. reprieve: to delay the execution of; interval essary for some purpose; indispensable. of ease or relief; a suspension of a criminal sentence. 3449. requite: 1) to make return or repayment to for a benet, injury, etc; reward or retaliate 3436. reprimand: 1) a severe or formal reproof; against; 2) to make return or repayment for (a 2) to reprove sharply or censure formally usu benet, service, etc, or an injury, wrong, etc). from a position of authority. 3450. rescind: to cut away; to annul, to abrogate. 3437. reprisal: seizure in retaliation; sth given or paid in retaliation. 3451. reserve: 1a) to hold in reserve : keep back [ grain for seed]; 1b) to set aside (part of 3438. reprise: 1) a deduction or charge made yearly the consecrated elements) at the Eucharist for out of a manor or estateusu used in pl; 2) a future use; 1c) to retain or hold over to a future recurrence, renewal, or resumption of an actime or place : defer [ ones judgement or tion; 3a) a musical repetition : recapitulation. plan]; 2) to set or have set aside or apart [ a hotel room]. 3439. reproach: to accuse of and blame for a fault, 3452. residue: 1) that which is left over after part is taken away; remainder; rest; 2) the mat3440. reprobate: base; depraved; unprincipled; an ter remaining at the end of a process, as after abandoned or proigate person. evaporation etc; 3) that part of a testators es3441. reprobation: the act of reprobating or the tate which is left after all claims, charges, and state of being reprobate. bequests have been satised. 113 so as to make feel ashamed; rebuke; reprove.

3453. resignation: 1a) act or instance of resigning sth : surrender; 1b) a formal notication of resigning; 2) submissiveness. 3454. resilient: 1) bouncing or springing back into shape, position etc. after being stretched, bent or esp compressed; 2) recovering strength, spirits, good humor etc quickly. 3455. resolute: rm and determined;.

judgement; 1c) the state of one risen from the dead; 2) resurgence, revival. 3466. resuscitate: to revive or revitalize; bring back to life; esp to revive (someone apparently dead, in a faint etc) as by articial respiration etc. 3467. retaliate: to return like for like; esp to return evil for evil; pay back injury for injury.

3456. resonant: 1) continuing to sound : echoing; 3468. retentive: 1) having the power, property, or 2a) capable of inducing resonance; 2b) relatcapacity or retaining [soils of moisture]; esp ing to or exhibiting resonance; 3a) marked by : retaining knowledge easily. grandiloquence. 3457. respite: 1) a delay or postponement, esp post- 3469. reticent: reserved or sparing in communication. ponement of carrying out a death sentence; reprieve; 2) an interval of temporary relief or 3470. reticulated: network pattern. rest, as from pain, work, duty etc; lull. 3458. resplendent: shining brilliantly; gorgeously 3471. retinue: a body of assistants, followers, or servants attending a person of rank or imporbright or splendid. tance; train of attendants or retainers. 3459. responsive: 1) giving response : constituting a response : answering [a glance] [ aggres- 3472. retiring: drawing back from contact with others, from publicity, etc; reserved; shy. sion]; 2) quick to respond or react appropriately or sympathetically : sensitive; 3) using 3473. retort: 1) to pay or hurl back : return [ responses [ worship]. an insult]; 2a) to make a reply to; 2b) to say 3460. restitution: 1) a giving back to the rightin reply; 3) to answer (as in argument) by ful owner of sth that has been lost or taken counter argument; 4) a quick witty, or cutting away; restoration; 2) a making good for loss or reply, esp : one that turns back or counters damage; reimbursement; 3) a return to a forthe speakers words; 5) a vessel or chamber in mer condition or situation; 4) the recovery of which substances are distilled or decomposed its shape by an elastic body after pressure or by heat. strain is released. 3474. retract: 1) to draw back or in; 2) to with3461. restive: obstinate, refractory; uneasy, as if draw or disavow ( a promise , oer, charge, ready to break from control. statement, etc); recant. 3462. restraint: 1a) an act of restraining : the state 3475. retrench: to cut o, out, or down. of being restrained; 2) a control over the expression of ones emotions or thoughts. 3476. retribution: giving in return; repaying; rewarding or punishing suitably. 3463. resumption: 1) an act or instance of resuming : recommencement; 2) a return to payment 3477. retrieve: rescue, salvage, regain; restore, rein specie. vive, correct. 3464. resurgent: rising or tending to rise again. 3478. retroactive: 1) having application to or eect 3465. resurrection: 1a) [cap] the rising of Christ on things prior to its enactment [a law]; 2) from the dead; 1b) [often cap] the rising again going info eect as of a specied date in the to life of all the human dead before the nal past [a increase]. 114

3479. retrograde: 1) moving or directed backward; 3494. retiring or retreating; 2) inverse or reverse : said of order; 3) going back or tending to go back to an earlier, esp worse, condition, retro- 3495. gressive. 3480. retrograde: inverse, reverting; degenerating. 3481. retrospective: looking back; retroactive.

ricochet: a glancing rebound or skip as of a projectile ying low (to skip along the ground.) rider: 1) one that rides; 2a) an addition to a document often attached on a separate piece of paper; 2b) a clause appended to a legislative bill to secure a usu distinct object; 3) sth used to overlie another or to move along on another piece.

3482. revamp: 1) remake; revise; 2) renovate; re- 3496. rife: 1) frequently or commonly occurring, construct. widespread [gossip was rife]; 2a) abundant; 2b) abounding [rife with error]. 3483. reveled: to feast or make merry in a riotous manner. 3484. reverberate: 1) reect; 2) repel; 3) echo. 3497. rift: 1) an opening caused by or as if by splitting; cleft; ssure. 2) an open break in a previously friendly relationship.

3485. reverie: 1) dreamy thinking or imagining, esp of agreeable things; fanciful musing; day- 3498. rig: 1) the distinctive shape, number and arrangement of sails and masts of a ship; 2) dreaming; 2) a dreamy, fanciful or visionary equipage : esp a carriage with its horse; 3) notion or daydream. clothing, dress; 4) tackle, machinery equip3486. revile: to assail with bitter abuse. ment tted for a specied purpose [an oildrilling ]. 3487. revoke: 1) to annul by recalling or taking back : rescind [ a will]; 2) to bring or call back; 3) 3499. rig: 1) to t out (as a ship) with rigging; 2) an act or instance of revoking in a card game. clothe, dressusu with out; 3) to furnish with special gear : equip; 4a) to put in condition 3488. revulsion: 1) a sudden, complete, and vioor position for use : adjust , arrange [a car lent change of feeling; abrupt, strong reaction rigged for manual control]; 4b) construct [ in sentiment; 2) extreme disgust, shock or reup a temporary shelter]. pugnance; feeling or great loathing. 3500. rig: to manipulate or control usu by deceptive 3489. rhapsody: any wild or unconnected composior dishonest means [ an election]. tion; an ecstatic or unrestrainedly enthusiastic utterance of feeling. 3501. rile: to anger; to irritate. 3490. rhetoric: 1a) the art of using words eectively 3502. in speaking or writing; now the art of prose composition; 1b) skill in this; 1c) a treatise or 3503. book on this; 2) articial eloquence; language that is showy an elaborate but largely empty 3504. of clear ideas or sincere emotion. rimose: full of cracks. riposte: a swift sharp reply in speech or action. risible: inducing laughter.

3491. rhetoric: false, showy, articial, or declama- 3505. rive: 1a) to wrench open or tear apart into pieces : rend; 1b) to split with force or violence tory expression. [lightning rived the tree]; 2a) to divide into 3492. ribald: characterized by coarse or vulgar jokpieces : shatter; 2b) fracture. ing or mocking, esp dealing with sex in a hu3506. riveting: having the power to x attention : morously earthy or direct way. engrossing, fascinating. 3493. ribald: low; base; mean; licentious; outingly derisive. 3507. rivulet: a little stream; brook. 115

3508. robust: 1a) strong and healthy; full of vigor; hardy; 1b) strongly built or based; muscular or sturdy; 2) suited to or requiring physical strength or stamina [robust work]; 3) rough; coarse; boisterous; 4) full and rich, as in avor 3521. [a robust port wine]. 3509. rococo: 1) a style of architecture, decorative art, music etc, of the early 18th century developed from and in reaction the Baroque and characterized by profuse and delicate ornamentation, reduced scale,lightness, grace etc; 2) a style or architecture, music, etc, regarded often disparagingly, as this.

2) water-worn or rough broken stones or bricks used in coarse masonry or; in lling courses of walls. rubric: 1a) an authoritative rule; esp : a rule for conduct of a liturgical service; 1b) name, title specif : the title of a statue; sth under which a thing is classed : category [the sensations falling; under the general pressure]; 1c) an explanatory or introductory commentary : an editorial interpolation; 2) a heading of a part of a book or manuscript done or underlined in a color; (as red) dierent from the rest.

3510. roil: 1) to make (a liquid) cloudy, muddy or 3522. rudimentary: 1) consisting in rst principles unsettled by stirring up the sediment; 2) to stir : fundamental [had only a formal education]; up; agitate; 3) to make angry or irritable; rile. 2) of a primitive kind; 3) very imperfectly developed or represented only by a vestige [the 3511. roseate: 1) resembling a rose , esp in color; 2) tail of a hyrax]. overly optimistic : viewed favorably. 3523. rueful: 1) causing sorrow or pity; lamentable; 3512. roster: 1) a list of military or naval person2a) feeling or showing sorrow or pity; mournful nel or groups, specif one showing their regular 2b) feeling or showing regret, esp in an abashed assignments and periods of duty; 2) any list; way. roll. 3524. ruan: a brutal, violent, lawless person; 3513. rostrum: a platform for public speaking. tough or hoodlum. 3514. rote: a xed, mechanical way of doing sth; routine - by rote; by memory alone; without 3525. ruminate: 1) to chew (the cud), as a cow does; 2) to turn (ath) over in the mind; mediunderstanding or thought. tate (on). 3515. rotunda: a round building, hall or room, esp 3526. rummage: 1) to make a thorough search or one with a dome. investigation; 2) to engage in an undirected or 3516. rousing: 1a) giving rise to excitement : stirhaphazard search; 3a) a confused or misc colring; 1b) brisk, lively; 2) exceptional, superlalection; 3b) items for sale at a rummage sale; tive. 4) thorough search esp among a confusion of objects. 3517. rout: 1) a crowd of people : throng specif : rabble; 2) disturbance; 3) a fashionable gath- 3527. runagate: a vagabond; a renegade; fugitive. ering. 3528. rune (runic adj): 1) any of the characters of 3518. rout: a disastrous defeat many more meanany of several alphabets used by the Germanic ings are there pl see zee lexicon. peoples from about the 3d to 13th centuries; 2) mystery, magic; 3) poem, song. 3519. rout: to low loudlybellow. 3529. runnel: small stream. 3520. rubble: 1a) broken fragments (as of rock) resulting from the decay or destruction of; a 3530. ruse: a stratagem, trick, or artice. building [fortication knocked into ]; 1b) a miscellaneous confused mass or group of usu 3531. rusticate: to banish for a time from a town or college. broken or worthless things; [lay in a pile of ]; 116

3532. sabotage: 1) intentional destruction of ma- 3545. chines, waste of materials, etc, as by; employees during labor disputes; 2) destruction 3546. of railroads, bridges machinery etc by enemy 3547. agents or by an; underground resistance; 3) the deliberate obstruction of or damage to any cause, movement, activity, eort,etc. 3548. 3533. saboteur: one that practices sabotage. 3534. sabulous: sandy.

saltatory: leaping. salubrious: healthful, healthgiving. salutary: 1) promoting or conducive to health; healthful; 2) promoting or conducive to some good purpose; benecial. salver: a small tray on an ornamental stand.

3549. salvo: a saving clause; an expedient for saving appearances, avoiding oense; a simultaneous discharge of artillery in salute or otherwise. 3535. saccharine: 1) of, having the nature of, containing, or producing sugar; 2) too sweet or 3550. sanatorium: a hospital esp for consumptives syrupy [a saccharine voice]. or convalescents. 3536. sacrilege: profanation of ath holy. 3551. sanctimonious: pretending to be very holy 3537. sacrosanct: inviolable. or pious; aecting righteousness. 3538. sadism: the getting of sexual pleasure from 3552. dominating, mistreating, or hurting ones partner; the getting of pleasure from inicting physical or psychological pain on another or others. 3539. saga: 1) a prose narrative recorded in Iceland in the 12th and 13th centuries of historic or legendary gures and events of the heroic age of Norway and Iceland; 2) a modern heroic narrative resembling the Icelandic saga; 3) a long detailed account [a of the Old South]. sanction: 1) a formal decree, esp : an ecclesiastical decree; sth that makes an oath binding; 2) the detriment, loss of reward, or coercive intervention annexed to a; violation of a law as a means of enforcing the law; 3a) a consideration, principle, or inuence (as of conscience) that impels to; moral action or determines moral judgement; 4) an economic or military coercive measure adopted usu by several nations in; concert for forcing a nation violating international law to desist or yield; to adjudication.

3540. sagacious: keen in perception or thought; dis3553. sanctuary: a place of refuge; a place aording cerning and judicious. immunity from arrest; a private retreat. 3541. sage: 1a) wise thru reection and experience; 2) proceeding from or characterized by wis- 3554. sanctum: holy place;. dom, prudence and good judgement [ ad- 3555. sangfroid: coolness; self possession. vice]; 3) one (as a profound philosopher) distinguished for wisdom; 4) a mature or venera- 3556. sanguinary: 1) accompanied by much bloodble man of sound judgement. shed or carnage; 2) owing with blood; bloodstained; 3) eager for bloodshed, bloodthirsty. 3542. salacious: 1) arousing or appealing to sexual desire or imagination : lascivious; 2) lecherous, 3557. sanguine: ardent, condent and inclined to lustful. hopefulness; abounding in blood. 3543. salient: 1a) leaping, jumping, or capering; 1b) 3558. gushing or jetting forth; 2) pointing outward; jutting or projecting as an angle; 3) standing out from the rest, noticeable; conspicuous; 3559. prominent. 3544. sallow: of a sickly, pale yellow hue. sap (4th ): the extension of a trench to a point below the enemy fortication. sarcasm: a taunting, sneering, cutting or caustic remark; gibe or jeer, generally ironic.

3560. sardonic: sneering; bitter, unmirthful laugh. 117

3561. sartorial: 1) to tailors or their work; 2) of 3574. scanty: 1) barely sucient; not ample; meaclothing or dress, esp mens. ger. 2) insucient, not enough; 3) narrow; small; close. 3562. sate: 1) to satisfy (an appetite, desire etc) to the full; gratify completely; 2) to provide with 3575. scapegoat: a person, group or thing upon whom the blame for the mistakes or crimes of more than enough, so as to weary or disgust; others is thrust. glut; surfeit. 3563. satiate: to satisfy (as a need or desire) fully 3576. scapegrace: graceless hare-brained fellow. or to excess; [syn] sate, surfeit, cloy, pall, glut, 3577. scathing: hurting; damaging; scorching. gorge. 3564. satire: 1a) a literary work in which vices, 3578. scavenge: 1) to clean up (streets, alleys etc); remove rubbish, dirt, garbage, etc from; abuses, follies, stupidities, etc are held up to 2) to salvage (usable goods) by rummaging ridicule and contempt. thru refuse or discards; 3) to remove burned gases from (the cylinder of an ICE); 4) to 3565. saturnine: 1) born under or inuenced astroclean (molten metal) by using a substance that logically by the planet Saturn; 2a) cold and will combine chemically with the impurities steady in mood : slow to act or change; 2b) present. of a gloomy or surly disposition; 2c) having a sardonic aspect [a smile]. 3579. scenario: 1) an outline or synopsis of a play, opera, or the like, indicating scenes, charac3566. satyriasis: abnormal and uncontrollable deters, etc; 2) the script of a lm; 3) the outline sire by a man for sexual intercourse. for any proposed or planned series of events, 3567. saunter: to walk about idly; stroll. real or imagined. 3568. savage: 1) wild, uncultivated, rugged , etc [a 3580. savage jungle]; 2) erce; ferocious; untamed [a savage tiger]; 3) without civilization; primitive; barbarous [a tribe]; 4) lacking polish; crude; 3581. rude; 5) cruel; pitiless; 6) furious; ill-tempered. 3582. 3569. savant: a learned person; eminent scholar. 3583. 3570. savor: 1) the taste or smell of sth; 2) a distinctive quality; 3) to give avor to : season; 4a) to have experience of : taste; 4b) to taste 3584. or smell with pleasure : relish. 3585. 3571. scabrous: rough. schematic: of or relating to a scheme or schema; a schematic drawing or diagram. schism: breach esp in the unity of a church. scholiast: maker of marginal annotations. scintilla: 1) a spark; 2) a particle; the least trace : used only guratively. scintillation: sparkling. scion: a young member; descendant.

3572. scad: a very large number or amount [scads of money]. 3587. scorn: extreme, often indignant contempt for someone or sth; utter disdain. 3573. scaold: 1) a temporary metal or wooden framework for supporting workmen and ma- 3588. scotch: 1) to put an end to [ed rumors of a terials during the erecting, repairing, or paintmilitary takeover]; 2) a chock to prevent rolling ing of a building etc; 2) a raised platform on or slipping; 3) a supercial cut : score; 4) hinwhich criminals are executed, as by hanging; der, thwart. 3) a temporary wooden stage or platform, as that on which medieval plays were presented; 3589. scoured: to clean, polish, remove by hard 4) any raised framework. rubbing. 118

3586. sco: to show mocking contempt, scorn or derision, esp by language; jeer.

3590. scourge: 1) a whip or other instrument for 3607. ogging; 2) any means of inicting sever punishment, suering or vengeance; 3) any cause of serious trouble or aiction [the scourge of 3608. war]. 3591. scrawny: thin and bony. 3592. scrimshaw: curved decorated object. 3593. scrumptious: delightful. 3594. scrupulous: tious. conscientious, cautious, cap-

sear: the catch that holds the hammer of a guns lock or half cock. seasoned: 1a) to give (food) more avor or zest by adding seasoning or savory ingredients; 1b) to give a distinctive quality to as if by seasoning; esp : to make more agreeable [advice with wit]; 2a) to treat (as wood or a skillet) so as to prepare for use; 2b) made t by experience [a veteran].

3609. secedes: to withdraw esp from party, religious body, federation. 3610. seclude: 1) to keep away or apart from others; bar or shut o from the view of or relations with others; isolate; 2) to make private or hidden; screen.

3595. scue: 1) to struggle or ght in rough confusion; 2) to move in a confused hurry or bustle; 3) to drag the feet; shue. 3596. scurf: dandru.

3611. secrete: 1) to put or keep in a secret place; hide; conceal; 2) to form and release (a speci3597. scurrilous: using indecent or abusive laned secretion) as a gland does. guage; coarse; vulgar; foulmouthed. 3598. scurry: to run hastily; scamper. 3612. sectarian: 1) limited in character or scope : parochial; 2) adherent of a sect; narrow or bigoted person.

3599. scurvy: low; mean; vile; contemptible. 3600. scutate: shield shaped. 3601.

3602. 3603. 3604.

3613. secular: 1a) of or relating to the worldly or temporal [ concerns]; 1b) not overtly or specif scuttle: 1) a shallow open basket for carrying religious [ music]; 1c) not ecclesiastical or sth (as a grain or garden produce); 2) a metal clerical; 2) not bound by monastic vows or pail that usu has a bail and a sloped lip and is rules; specif : of, relating to, or forming clergy used esp for carrying coal. not belonging to a religious order or congregation [a priest]; 3a) occurring once in an age scuttle: 1) a small opening in a wall or roof or a century. furnished with a lid. 3614. sedate: calm, quiet or composed, esp serious scuttle: a quick shuing pace; a short swift and unemotional; staid, decorous. run. 3615. sedentary: 1) not migratory : settled [ scuttled: 1) to cut a hole thru the bottom, birds]; 2) doing or requiring much sitting; 3) deck, side (of a ship); specif : to sink or atpermanently attached [ barnacles]. tempt to sink by making holes thru the bottom. 3616. sedition: insurrection; public tumult.

3605. seamy: 1) having or showing seams, esp with 3617. sedulous: 1) working hard and steadily; dilirough unnished edges, as the underside of a gent; 2) constant; persistent. garment; 2) unpleasant, squalid, or sordid [the 3618. seedy: 1) containing or full of seeds [a seamy side of life]. fruit]; 2) inferior in condition or quality : as; 3606. sear: 1) to make withered and dry : parch; a) shabby, run-down [ clothes]; b) somewhat 2) to burn, scorch or injure with as or if with disreputable : squalid [a district, entersudden application of intense heat. tainment]; c) slightly unwell : debilitated. 119

3619. seemly: 1) pleasing in appearance; fair; hand- 3631. some; 2) suitable, proper, tting or becoming, esp as regards conventional standards of conduct or good taste; decorous.

sensuous: 1) derived from, based on, aecting, appealing to, or perceived by the senses; 2) readily susceptible thru the senses; enjoying the pleasures of sensation.

3620. seep: to leak, drip or ow out slowly thru 3632. sententious: 1) expressing much in few words; short and pithy; pointed; 2) full of, or small openings or pores; ooze. fond of using maxims, proverbs,etc, esp in a way that is ponderously trite and moralizing. 3621. seethe: 1) to boil or to surge, bubble or foam, as if boiling; 2) to be violently agitated or dis3633. sentient: conscious; aware; responsive to turbed. stimulus. 3622. seine: a large shing net with oats along the 3634. sentinel: a person or animal set to guard a top edge and weights along the bottom. group, specif, a sentry. 3623. seismic: 1) of, having to do with, or caused 3635. by an earthquake or by man-made tremors; 2) subject to earthquakes. 3636. 3624. semblance: 1a) outward and often specious appearance or show : form [wrapped in a 3637. of composure]; 1b) modicum [has been strug- 3638. gling to get some of justice for his people]; 2) aspect, countenance; 3a) a phantasmal form 3639. : apparition : image, likeness. 3640. 3625. seminal: containing or contributing seeds of later development : creative, original [a 3641. book]. 3642. 3626. seminary: 1) an environment in which sth originates and from which it is propagated [a 3643. of vice and crime]; 2a) an institution of secondary or higher education; 2b) an institution for the training of candidates for the priest3644. hood, ministry, or rabbinate. 3627. senescence: process of going old. septic: causing or resulting from sepis or putrefaction. sepulcher: large tomb; a vault for burial. sequacious: following. sequester: to set aside, seclude; to conscate; seraglio: harem. sere: dried up; withered. serendipity: the faculty of making happy chance nds. sericeous: silky. serpentine: of or like a serpent; esp a) evilly cunning or subtle, treacherous; b) coiled or twisted, winding. serrate: having sawlike notches along the edges, as some leaves.

3645. serried: crowded together.

3628. senility: the quality or state of being senile; 3646. servitude: 1) the condition of a slave, serf, specif : the physical and mental inrmity of or the like; subjection to a master; slavery or old age. bondage; 2) work imposed as punishment for crime. 3629. sensibilities: sensitivity. 3647. sever: 1) to separate, make or become dis3630. sensual: 1) of the body and the senses as distinct; divide; 2) to part or break o, as by tinguished from the intellect or spirit ; bodily; cutting or with force; cut in two. 2a) connected or preoccupied with bodily or sexual pleasures; voluptuous; 2b) full of lust; 3648. severe (severity adj): austere : stringent : licentious; lewd; 3) resulting from, or showing restrictive : censorious : plain (in manner); preoccupation with, bodily or sexual pleasure. grievous : arduous. 120

3649. sextant: an instrument used by navigators for 3661. measuring the angular distance of the sun , a star, etc from the horizon, as in nding the position of a ship. 3650. shackle: 1) a metal fastening, usu one of a 3662. linked pair, for the wrist or ankle of a prisoner; fetter; manacle; 2) ath that restrains freedom of action or expression; 3) any of the several devices used in fastening or coupling.

shoddy: 1) made wholly or partly of shoddy; 2a) cheaply imitative : vulgarly pretentious; 2b) hastily or poorly done : inferior; 2c) shabby. shoddy: 1a) a reclaimed wool from materials that are not felted that is of better quality and longer staple than mungo; 1b) a fabric often of inferior quality manufactured wholly or partly from reclaimed wool; 2a) inferior, imitative, or pretentious articles or matter.

3651. sham: to be or make an imitation or false 3663. shrew: a scolding, nagging, evil-tempered show of; counterfeit. woman. 3652. shambles: 1) a place where meat is sold; butchers stall or shop : now only in bad usage, 3664. shrewd: keen-witted, clever, or sharp in practical aairs; astute. esp in street names; 2) a slaughterhouse; 3) a scene of great slaughter, bloodshed or carnage; 3665. shun: to keep away from; avoid scrupulously 4) any scene or condition of great destruction or consistently. or disorder. 3666. shunt: 1) to move or turn to one side; turn 3653. shard: a fragment or broken piece, esp of potaside or out of the way; 2) to shift or switch, tery; potsherd. as a train , car etc from one track to another. 3654. sheaf: 1) a bunch of cut stalks of grain, etc 3667. bound up in a bundle; 2) a collection of things gathered together; bundle, as of papers. 3668. 3655. sheathe: 1) to put into or furnish with a sheath; 2) to plunge or bury (as a sword) in esh; 3) to withdraw (a claw) into a sheath; to 3669. cover with sth that protects. 3656. shenanigan: sl trickery; humbug. shyster: a person, esp a lawyer, who uses unethical or tricky methods; pettifogger. sibling: one of two or more persons born of the same parents, or sometimes, having one parent in common; brother or sister. sibyl: 1) any of certain women consulted as prophetesses by the ancient Greeks and Romans; 2) a fortune-teller.

3657. sherbet: 1) a beverage, orig from the Ori- 3670. sibylline: oracular. ent, made of watered fruit juice and sugar, and 3671. sidereal: of or relative to the stars. served cold; 2) a frozen dessert like an ice but with gelatin and often milk, added. 3672. sidle: to move sideways, esp in a shy or stealthy manner; to make go sideways; a 3658. shibboleth: 1a) a word or saying used by adsidling movement. herents of a party, sect or belief and usu regarded by others as empty of real meaning [the 3673. siesta: period of rest or sleep in the early afternoon. old s come rolling of their lips]; 1b) a widely held belief [today this book publishing is a 3674. silate: whisper. myth]. 3675. sillabub: sweet-dish. 3659. shimmer: 1) to shine with an unsteady light; glimmer; 2) to form a wavering image, as by 3676. simian: of or like an ape or monkey. reection from waves of water or heat. 3677. simile: a gure of speech in which one thing 3660. shirk: to neglect or evade doing (sth) that is likened to another, dissimilar things by the should be done. use of like, as, etc [her tears owed like wine]. 121

3678. simper: to smile in a silly, aected or self- 3693. skulk: to sneak; to lurk; to avoid work or conscious way. responsibility; shirk; malinger. 3679. simplistic: 1) simple; 2) of, relating to, or 3694. skullduggery: underhand malpractices. char by simplism : oversimple [adequate, if oc3695. slacken: 1) to become less active, intense, casionally ]. brisk, etc; 2) to become less tense; loosen, as 3680. simulate: 1) to give a false indication or aprope. pearance of; pretend; feign; 2) to have or take on the external appearance of; look or act like. 3696. slag: the fused refuse or dross separated from a metal in the process of smelting. 3681. sine qua non: somebody who is indispens3697. slake: 1) to allay or make (thirst, desire,etc) able. less active or intense by satisfying, assuage; 3682. sinecure: an oce or position providing an satisfy; 2) to cause (a re) to die down or go income or other advantage but requiring little out; 3) to produce a chemical change in (lime) or no work. by combination with water. 3683. sinewy: 1) full of sinews : as ; a) tough, 3698. stringy [ meat]; b) strong [ arms]; 2) marked by the strength of sinews [a demanding 3699. intelligence]. 3700. 3684. sinister: 1) threatening harm, evil or mis3701. fortune; ominous, portentous [sinister storm clouds]; 2) wicked, evil or dishonest, esp in some dark,mysterious way; 3) most unfavorable or unfortunate; disastrous [met a sinister 3702. fate]. slanders: false or malicious report. slapdash: sth done carelessly and hastily. slatternly: dirty untidy woman; slovenly. sleazy: 1) imsy or thin in texture or substance; lacking rmness; shoddy,shabby, cheap, morally low etc. sleeper: a previously disregarded person or thing that unexpectedly receives success, assumes importance etc.

3685. sinuous: snake like; bending, winding, or curving in and out; not straightforward; de- 3703. sleight: 1) cunning or craft used in deceiving; vious; crooked. 2) skill or dexterity. 3686. skeptical: one who inclines to disbelieve; ha- 3704. slight: 1a) having a slim or delicate build : bitual doubter. not stout or massive in body; 1b) lacking in strength or substance : imsy, frail; 2) to treat 3687. ski: any of various small, light, open boats as unimportant : make light of; 3) to treat with propelled by ores, motor or sail. disdain or indierence; 4) to perform or attend to carelessly and inadequately. 3688. skimp: 1) to give or allow too little; be stingy; scrimp; 2) to keep expenses very low. 3705. slither: 1) to slip or slide on or as on a slope, with a loose or broken surface; 2a) to move 3689. skinint: a niggardly person; miser. along by a sliding or gliding as a snake; 2b) to 3690. skirmish: an irregular ght between small walk with a sliding motion. parties. 3706. sloth: disinclination to work or exert oneself; 3691. skittish: 1) lively playful, esp in a coy manindolence, laziness; idleness. ner; 2) easily frightened; jumpy [a skittish 3707. slough: 1) the cast-o skin of a snake; 2) a horse]; 3) ckle or undependable. mass of dead tissue separating from an ulcer; 3692. skittles: a bowling game. 3) sth that may be shed or cast o. 122

3708. slough: 1a) a place of deep mud or mire; 1b) 3726. swamp : an inlet on a river : backwater : a creek in a marsh or tide at; 2) a state of moral degradation or spiritual dejection. 3727. 3709. slough: marsh. 3710. slovenly: carelessly or dirtily dressed. 3711. sluggard: a habitually lazy person. 3712. slur: 1a) an insulting or disparaging remark or innuendo : aspersion; 1b) a shaming or degrading eect : stain, stigma; 2) a blurred spot in printed matter : smudge; 3) to cast aspersions on : to make indistinct. 3713. slurry: thin paste; semi-uid mixture.

solace: 1) an easing of grief, loneliness, discomfort etc; 2) sth that eases or relieves; comfort; consolation; relief. solecism: 1) a violation of the conventional usage, grammar, etc of a language; ungrammatical use of words [we done it for we did it]; 2) a violation of good manners; breach of etiquette; 3) a mistake or impropriety.

3728. solicit: 1) to ask or seek earnestly or pleadingly; appeal to or for [to solicit air, to members for donations]; 2) to tempt or entice (someone) to do wrong; 3) to approach for some immoral purposes, as a prostitute does. 3729. solicitous: 1) showing care, attention, or concern; 2) showing anxious desire; eager; 3) full of anxiety or apprehension; troubled.

3714. smattering: 1) slight or supercial knowledge; 2) a small number. 3730. solicitude: 1a) the state of being solicitous : anxiety; 1b) attentive care and protective3715. smirch: to besmear; dirty; to sully. ness; also : an attitude of solicitous concern or attention; 2) a cause of care or concernusu 3716. smirk: to smile in a conceited, knowing, or used in pl. annoyingly complacent way. 3717. smolder: 1) to burn and smoke without ame; be consumed by slow combustion; 2) to exist in a suppressed state or with activity stied; 3) to have or show feelings of suppressed anger or hate. 3718. smutty: obscene; lthy. 3731. soliloquy: 1) an act or instance of talking to oneself; 2) lines in a drama in which a character reveals his or her thoughts to the audience, but not to the other characters, by speaking as if to himself.

3732. solvent: 1) able to pay all ones debts or meet all nancial responsibilities; that which can be dissolved. 3719. snicker: a sly or derisive, partly stied laugh. 3720. sniggle: to catch with a baited hook. 3721. sniveling: sning; snuing; whimpering. 3733. somatic: of the body, as distinguished from the soul, mind, or psyche; corporeal, physical. 3734. somber: dark and gloomy; somber.

3722. sobriety: state or habit of being sober; grav- 3735. sommelier: butler; wine waiter. ity; calmness. 3736. somnolent: 1) sleepy; drowsy; 2) inducing 3723. sodality: fellowship. drowsiness. 3724. sodden: 1a) dull or expressionless esp from 3737. continued indulgence in alcoholic beverages [ features]; 1b) torpid, sluggish [ minds]; 2a) heavy with or as if with moisture or water [the ground]; 2b) soaked or saturated. sonorous: 1) producing or capable or producing sound, esp sound of full , deep, or rich quality; resonant; 2) full, deep or rich : said of sound; 3) having a powerful, impressive sound; high sounding.

3725. sojourner: one who stays as a temporary res- 3738. sophism: a clever and plausible but fallacious ident at some place; [sojourned for a month at argument or forms reasoning, whether or not a resort]. intended to deceive; fallacy or sophistry. 123

3739. sophist: 1) [cap] any of a class of ancient 3754. Greek teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and; the art of successful living prominent about the middle of the 5th century BC; for their adroit subtle and allegedly often specious rea- 3755. soning; 2) philosopher, thinker; 3) a captious 3756. or fallacious reasoner. 3757. 3740. sophistry: absence of reasoning; casuistry; equivocation; chicanery. 3758. 3741. sophistry: false or vicious reasoning.

spectral: 1) of, having the nature of, or like a specter; phantom; ghostly; 2) of or caused by a spectrum or spectra. speculation: reection; conjecture; viewing. speleology: study of caves. spendthrift: a person who spends money carelessly or wastefully; squanderer. sphinx-like: enigmatic and mysterious see others in detail.

3742. sophomoric: 1) conceited and overcondent 3759. spiel: a speech meant to persuade by force of knowledge but poorly informed or immaand eloquence; sales patter. ture; 2) of, relating to or char of a sophomore 3760. splenetic: peevish; melancholy. [a prank]. 3743. soporic: 1) causing or tending to cause 3761. splenetic: spiteful. sleep; 2) of or characterized by sleep or sleepi3762. splice: 1a) to unite (as two ropes) by interness. weaving the strands; 1b) to unite (as lengths of magnetic tape) by lapping two ends together 3744. sordid: 1) dirty; squalid; depressingly or by applying a piece that laps upon two ends wretched; 2a) base, ignoble, mean; 2b) merand making fast; 2) to unite, link, or insert as cenary, avaricious, grasping or meanly selsh. if by splicing; 3) marriage, wedding. 3745. sorority: sisterhood; a womens academic so3763. spoliation: plundering. ciety. 3746. spangle: 1) a small piece of bright metal, esp 3764. any of a number of those sewn on fabric for decoration; 2) any small, bright object that glitters. 3747. spangle: to glitter; to sprinkle with. spontaneous: 1) acting in accordance with or resulting from a natural feeling, impulse or tendency, without any constraint, eort or premeditation; 2) having no apparent external cause or inuence; occurring or produced by its own energy, force etc or thru internal causes; self-acting; 3) growing naturally without being planted or tended; indigenous; wild.

3748. spartan: like or characteristic of the Spartans; warlike, brave, hardy, stoical, severe, frugal and highly disciplined. 3765. spoonerism: accidental transposition of sounds in (almost!) successive words [ex tons 3749. spasmodic: of, having the nature of, like or of soil by sons of toil]. characterized by spasm or spasms; sudden violent and temporary; tful; intermittent. 3766. sporadic: scattered; occurring now and then. 3750. spat: a brief, petty quarrel or dispute. 3767. sportive: 1a) fond of or full of sport or merriment; playful; 1b) done in fun or play, not in 3751. spawn: 1) to produce young, esp in large earnest; 2) of, or having the nature of sport, numbers : bring forth, generate. esp outdoor sport. 3752. speakeasy: an illicit dram (liquor) shop; she- 3768. sprightly: vivacious; lively. been. 3769. spruced: smart; neat; over-fastidious. 3753. specious: seeming to be good, sound, correct, logical etc. without really being so; plausible 3770. spry: full of life; active, nimble, brisk, etc ,esp but not genuine. though elderly. 124

3771. spry: nimble, agile, brisk; dull, depressed, in- 3789. statuette: a small statue. rm. 3790. status quo: the existing state of aairs (at a 3772. spume: foam. particular time). 3773. spurious: 1) of illegitimate birth : bastard; 3791. 2) outwardly similar or corr to sth without or erroneously attributed origin : forged; 3) of a deceitful nature or quality. 3774. spurns: to kick; to reject with contempt. statute: 1) an established rule, formal regulation; 2a) a law passed by a legislative body and set forth in a formal document; 2b) such a document.

3792. statutory: enacted by statute.

3775. squabble: a noisy, petty quarrel or dispute; 3793. staunch: rm in support. wrangle. 3794. stave: shaft; bar; rod. 3776. squalid: lthy; foul; neglected; poverty stricken. 3795. steadfast: 1) rm, xed, settled or established; 2) not changing, ckle or wavering; con3777. squalid: foul or unclean esp as the result stant. of neglect or unsanitary conditions; wretched; 3796. steep: 1) to soak in liquid, so as to soften, clean, extract the essence of,etc; 2) to immerse, 3778. squander: to spend or use wastefully or exsaturate, absorb, or imbue [steeped in folklore]. travagantly. 3779. squeamish: disgusted; oended; sick at stom- 3797. stellar: 1) of the stars or a star; 2) like a star, as in shape; 3) b;y or as by a star performer; ach. excellent; outstanding; 4) leading; chief [a stel3780. staccato: short clipped and separate music lar role]. notes (also used for voice!). 3798. stentorian: extremely loud and strong. 3781. stagnant: 1) without motion or current; not owing or moving; 2) foul from lack of move- 3799. stereotyped: lacking originality or individument : said of water etc; 3) not active, alert ality; trite. etc; sluggish [a stagnant ming]. 3800. sternutation: sneezing. 3782. staid: sober; sedate; settled and steady. 3801. stertorous: snoring. 3783. stalemate: deadlock, unsatisfactory draw. 3802. stevedore: one who loads and unloads ves3784. stalwart: 1) strong and well-built; sturdy; rosels. bust; 2) brave, valiant; 3) resolute; rm; unyielding. 3803. stickler: 1) a person who insists on the strict observance of sth specied : usu with for [a 3785. stamina: resistance to fatigue, illness, hard for discipline]; 2) sth puzzling or dicult to ship, etc; endurance. solve. 3786. stanch: 1) to check or stop the ow of [ed 3804. stie: 1) to kill by cutting o the supply of air her ow of tears]; also : to stop the ow of from; suocate; smother; choke; 2) to suppress blood from (a wound); 3a) to stop or check in or repress; hold back; check, stop, inhibit, etc its course [trying to the crime wave]; 3b) to [to a sob, to protests]. make watertight : stop up. 3805. stigma: 1) a mark of shame or discredit : stain; b) an identifying mark or char; specif 3788. statuesquely: like a statue; tall and shapely. : a specic diagnostic sign of a disease. 3787. statis: stagnation. 125 miserable; sordid.

3806. stigmatise: to describe or identify in oppro- 3822. stratum: 1) a bed or layer articially made; 2a) a socioeconomic level of society comprising brious terms; to mark with stigmata. of persons of the same or similar status esp 3807. stilted: articially formal or dignied; with regard to education or culture; 2b) one pompous. of a series of layers, levels, or gradations in an ordered system [strata of thought]. 3808. stint: 1) restriction; limit; limitation; 2a) an assigned task or quantity of work; 2b) a spec3823. strepitant: boisterous. ied period of time spent doing sth. 3809. stint: to restrict or limit to a certain quantity, 3824. number, share, or allotment. often small or scanty. 3825. 3810. stipend: 1) a regular or xed payment for services,as a salary; 2) any periodic payment, 3826. as a pension or allowance. 3811. stipple: 1) to paint, draw , engrave, or apply in small points or dots rather than in lines or solid areas; 2) to cover or mark with dots or quick dabs; eck. strew: to spread about here and there by or as by sprinkling; scatter. striate: to mark with stria; stripe, band, furrow, etc. stricture: 1a) an abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage : also : the narrowed part; 1b) a constriction of the breath passage in the production of a speech sound; 2) sth that closely restrains or limits : restriction [moral s]; 3) an adverse criticism : censure.

3812. stipulate: 1) to include specically in the 3827. strident: harsh sounding; shrill; grating. terms of an agreement, contract, etc; arrange denitely; 2) to specify as an essential condi- 3828. stringent: 1) rigidly controlled, enforced, etc; strict; severe; 2) tight in loan or investment tion of or requisite in an agreement. money [a money market]; 3) compelling; 3813. stodge: to stu; cram; gorge; to sate. convincing [ reason]. 3814. stodgy: 1) having a rich lling quality : heavy 3829. strut: to aunt; to stand stiy upright; to [ bread]; 2) moving in a slow plodding way walk so in vanity or self importance. esp as a result of physical bulkiness; 3) boring, dull [out on a peaceful rather Sunday trip]. 3830. stucco: plaster used for coating walls, making casts etc. 3815. stoical: showing austere indierence to joy, grief, pleasure, or pain; calm and uninching 3831. studied: 1) prepared or planner by careful under suering, bad fortune ,etc. study [a reply]; 2) deliberate; premeditated [in disarray]. 3816. stoke: 1) to stir up and feed fuel to ( a re, furnace etc); 2) to tend (a furnace, boiler etc); 3) to feed or eat large quantities of food; ll 3832. stultify: 1a) to make seem foolish, stupid, inconsistent, etc; make absurd or ridiculous; 1b) (up). to make dull or torpid; 2) to render worthless, 3817. stolid: having or showing little or no emotions useless or futile; 3) to allege to be of unsound mind and therefore not legally responsible. or sensitivity; unexcitable; impassive. 3818. stolid: not showing feeling; imperturbable; 3833. stultify: to allege or prove to be of unsound mind; to cause to appear foolish; to destroy 3819. straiten: to tighten; to narrow; to put into the force of. diculties. 3820. stratagem: a trick or a device; subterfuge. 3821. stratied: to deposit or form in layers. 3834. stupefy: 1) to bring into a state of stupor; stun; make dull or lethargic; 2) to astound, amaze or bewilder. 126

3835. stupor: 1) a state in which the mind and 3849. subservient: serving to promote; slavish; obsenses are dulled; partial or complete loss of sequious. sensibility, as from the use of a narcotic or from shock; 2) mental or moral dullness or apathy. 3850. subside: 1) to sink or fall to the bottom; settle, as sediment; 2) to send to a lower level; 3) 3836. stymie: any situation in which one is obto become less active, intense, etc; abate. structed or frustrated. 3851. subsidiary: 1) giving air, support, service etc; 3837. styptic: tending to halt bleeding by contractserving to supplement; auxiliary; 2) being in a ing the tissues or blood vessels; astringent. secondary or subordinate relationship; 3) of, consisting or maintained by a subsidy or sub3838. suave: smoothly gracious or polite; polished; sidies. blandly ingratiating; urbane. 3852. subsidy: a grant of money, specif; a) a grant 3839. subaltern: 1) particular with reference to a of money from one government to another, as related universal proposition [some S is P is for military aid; b) a government grant to a a proposition to all S is P]; subordinate. private enterprise considered of benet to the public. 3840. subjugate: 1) to bring under control or subjection; conquer; 2) to cause to become sub3853. subsist: to have existence; to exist. servient; subdue. 3854. subsistence: existence; means of support; 3841. sublimate: 1) to purify or rene (a substance) livelihood. by subliming; 2) to have a purifying or ennobling eect or inuence on; 3) to express 3855. substantiate: 1) to give substance or form to (socially or personally unacceptable impulses, : embody; 2) to establish by proof or compespecif sexual impulses) in constructive, accepttent evidence : verify [ a charge]. able forms, often unconsciously. 3856. substantive: 1) [broadly] a word or word 3842. sublime: 1) noble; exalted; majestic; 2) group functioning as a noun; 2) being a totally inspiring awe or admiration thru grandeur, independent entity; 3a) real rather than apbeauty, etc; 3) outstandingly or supremely parent : rm : also permanent, enduring; 3b) such [a man of taste]. expressing existence [the verb is the verb to be]; 4) creating and dening rights and duties 3843. subliminal: beneath the threshold of con[ law]. sciousness. 3844. submissive: having or showing the tendency 3857. subsume: 1) to include within a larger class, group, order etc; 2) to show (an idea, instance, to submit without resistance; docile ; yielding. etc) to be covered by a rule, principle etc. 3845. suborn: 1) to get or bring about thru bribery or other illegal methods; 2) to induce or insti- 3858. subterfuge: any plan , action, or device used to hide ones true objective, evade a dicult or gate (another) to do sth illegal, esp to commit unpleasant situation, etc; stratagem; artice. perjury. 3846. subpoena: a written legal order directing a 3859. person to appear in court to give testimony, 3860. show specied records,etc. 3861. 3847. subrogation: substitution; put in place of an3862. other. subtlety: the quality or state of being subtle. suburbia: the suburban world. subvention: nancial aid. subversive: tending or seeking to subvert, overthrow, or destroy (an established government, institution, belief etc).

3848. subservient: 1) that is useful, helpful or of service, esp in an inferior or subordinate capacity; 2) submissive; obsequious. 3863. succinct: concise; close tting. 127

3864. succor: aid, help; relief. 3865.

3866.

3867.

3868. 3869. 3870.

3871.

3883. supercial: 1a) of or being on the surface [a burn]; 1b) of or limited to surface area; plane succulent: 1) full of juice; juicy; 2) full of in[ measurements]; 2) concerned with and unterest, vigor, etc; not dry or dull; 3) having derstanding only the easily apparent and obvithick, eshy tissues for storing water, as a cacous; not profound; shallow; 3) quick and curtus. sory [a reading]; 4) seeming such only at rst glance; merely apparent [a resemblance]. succumb: 1) to give way (to); yield; submit; 3884. superuous: 1) being more than is needed, 2) to die. useful or wanted; surplus; excessive; 2) not sucker: one who is easily taken in by ath needed; unnecessary; irrelevant [a remark]. (gullible!). 3885. superimpose: 1) to put, lay or stack on top of sth else; 2) to add as a dominant or unassudoric: promoting sweat. similated feature. surage: a prayer esp for the dead; a vote. 3886. supernal: celestial; of a higher world; exalted; lofty. suragette: a woman seeking votes for women. 3887. supernumerary: 1) that exceeds or is beyond the regular or prescribe number; extra; suuse: to over spread so as to ll with a 2) that is beyond the number or qty needed or glow, color, uid etc : said of light, a blush, desired; superuous. air etc. 3888. supersede: 1) to cause to be set aside or dropped from use an inferior or obsolete and replace by sth else; 2) to take the place of in oce, function, etc; succeed; 3) to remove or cause to be removed so as to make way for another; supplant.

3872. sully: 1) to make soiled or tarnished : dele. 3873. sultry: very hot and humid : sweltering. 3874. sumptuary: regulating expenditure.

3875. sumptuous: 1) involving great expenses; costly; lavish; 2) magnicent or splendid, as 3889. supine: lying on the back. in furnishings,etc. 3890. supplant: 1) to take the place of; supersede, esp thru force or plotting; 2) to remove or up3876. sunder: asunder, break apart. root in order to replace with sth else. 3877. sunder: to break apart; separate; part; split. 3891. supple: 1) easily bent or twisted; exible; pliant; 2) able to bend and move easily and nim3878. sundries: several. bly; lithe; limber [a body]; 3) easily changed or inuenced; yielding; compliant; 4) yielding 3879. sundry: various; miscellaneous; diverse. too easily; obsequious; servile; 5) adaptable, as to changes; resilient; elastic : said of the 3880. superannuate: 1) to set aside s, or become mind,etc. old fashioned or obsolete; 2) to retire from service, esp with a pension, because of old age or 3892. suppliant: 1) asking humbly; supplicatinrmity. ing; entreating; 2) expressing supplication [ 3881. supercilious: haughty; proud. coolly and patronizingly words]. 3893. suppliants: asking earnestly; entreating.

3882. supererogatory: 1) done or observed beyond 3894. supplicate: 1) to ask for humbly and the degree required or expected; 2) superuearnestly, as by prayer; 2) to make a humble ous. request of; petition earnestly. 128

3895. supplication: entreating earnestly.

3912. swale: shade; marshy land;. swarthy: having a dark complexion. swathe: 1) to wrap or bind up in a long strip or bandage; 2) to wrap (a bandage, etc) around sth; 3) to surround or envelop; enclose. swelter: to be or feel uncomfortably hot; sweat, feel weak etc, from great heat.

3896. supposition: sth that is supposed : hypoth- 3913. esis; the act of supposing. 3914. 3897. supposititious: 1a) fraudulently substituted : spurious; 1b) [of a child] (i) falsely presented as a genuine heir : illegitimate; 2) imaginary. 3915. 3898. suppurate: form pus. 3899. surcease: end.

3916. swerve: to turn aside or cause to turn aside sharply or suddenly from a straight line ,course etc. 3900. surly: 1) bad-tempered; sullenly rude; hostile and uncivil; 2) gloomy and threatening : said 3917. swill: 1) wash : drench; 2) to drink great of weather. drafts of : guzzle; 3) to feed (as a pig) with swill; 4) sth suggestive of slop or garbage : 3901. surmise: an idea or opinion formed from evrefuse; 5) a semi-liquid food mixed with waidence that is nether positive not conclusive; ter or skimmed or sour milk. conjecture; guess. 3902. surmount: 1) get the better; of ; conquer; 3918. overcome; 2) to be or lie at the top of; be or rise above; 3) to climb up and across (a height, obstacle etc); 4) to place sth above or on top 3919. of. 3920. 3903. surrealism: drawing upon the subconscious, escaping the control of reason. 3921. 3904. surreptitious: stealthy; secret. 3905. surrogate: substitute. 3906. surveillance: 1a) close watch kept upon someone, esp a suspect; 1b) constant observation of a place or process; 2) supervision or inspection. swindle: 1) to get money or property from (another) under false pretenses; cheat; defraud; 2) to get by false pretense or fraud. swizzle: to drink to excess. sybarite: anyone very fond of self-indulgence and luxury; voluptuary. sycophant: a person who seeks favor by attering people of wealth or inuence; toady; parasite.

3907. susceptible: easily aected emotionally; having a sensitive nature or feelings. 3923. sylvan: 1) of or characteristic of the woods or the forest; 2) living or found in the woods or 3908. suture: 1a) a strand or ber used to sew parts the forest; 3) wooded. of the living body; also : a stitch made with a suture; 2a) the seam or seamlike line along 3924. symbiotic: mutually benecial partnership between organisms of dierent kind. which two things or parts are sewed or united; 3) the line of union in an immovable articula3925. synchronism: coincidence; concurrence; contion (as between the bones of the skull). comitance. 3909. svelte: lithe; lissome. 3926. synchronous: 1) happening at the same time; 3910. swale: a shady spot; a sunken or marshy place. 3911. swale: marshy prairie. 129 occurring together; simultaneous; 2) having the same period between movements, occurrences, etc; having the same rate and phase, as vibrations.

3922. syllogism: 1) an argument or form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them; 2) reasoning from the general to the particular; deductive logic; 3) an instance of subtle, tricky or specious reasoning.

3927. syncopate: 1a) to shorten or produce by syn- 3941. cope [ suppose to spose]; 1b) to cut short; clip , abbreviate; 2) to modify or aect (musical rhythm) by syncopation.

tangible: 1) that can be touched or felt by touch; having actual form and substance; 2) corporeal and able to be appraised for value [ assets]; that can be understood; denite; objective.

3928. syncope: loss of consciousness resulting from insucient blood ow to the brain; faint; 2) 3942. tanner: a person who works in tanning hides. loss of one or more sounds or letters in the interior of a word (as in focsle for forecastle). 3943. tantalize: to tease or disappoint by promising or showing sth desirable and then withholding it. 3929. syndicate: a council; a body of men chosen to watch the interest of a company or to manage 3944. tantamount: amounting to as much or to the a bankrupt property. same; equal in value or meaning. 3930. synergism: the doctrine that the human will 3945. tantrum: a violent, willful outburst of annoyand the divine spirit are two ecient agents ance, rage etc; childish t of bad temper. that cooperate in regeneration; coordinated action. 3946. taper: 1a) a slender candle; 1b) a long waxed wick use esp for lighting candles, lamps pipes 3931. synopsis: a statement giving a brief, general or res; 1c) a feeble light; 2a) a tapering form review or condensation; summary. or gure; 2b) gradual diminution of thickness, diameter or width in an elongated object. 3932. tabernacle: a tent or movable hut; also used for human body wrt soul. 3933. tabescent: wasting away. 3947. tardiness: slowness; too long delayed. 3948. tarn: small mountain lake.

3934. tacit: 1) unspoken; silent; 2) not expressed or 3949. tarry: 1) to delay, linger, be tardy etc; 2) declared openly, but implied or understood [ to stay for a time, esp longer than originally approval]. intended; remain; 3) to wait. 3935. taciturn: disinclined to speak; uncommunica- 3950. tive. 3951. 3936. tactile: 1) that can be perceived by the touch; tangible; 2) of, having, or related to the sense of touch. 3952. 3937. taint: 1a) to aect with sth physically injurious, unpleasant, etc; infect, poison etc; 1b) to aect with putrefaction or decay; spoil; 2) to 3953. make morally corrupt or depraved. 3954. 3938. talesman: juror. 3939. talisman: 1) sth, as a ring or stone, bearing 3955. engraved gures or symbols thought to bring good luck, keep away evil, etc; amulet; 2) ath thought to have magic power; charm. 3956. tatterdemalion: ragamun. taut: 1) tightly stretched, as a rope; 2) showing strain; tense [a smile]; 3) trim, tidy, welldisciplined, ecient, etc [a ship]. tautological: use of words that say the same thing esp needlessly. tawdry: cheap and showy, gaudy, sleazy. taxonomy: the science of classication; laws and principles covering the classifying objects, tedium: the condition or quality of being tiresome, wearisome, boring, or monotonous; tediousness. teleology: doctrine of purpose in nature.

3940. tangential: 1) divergent, digressive; 2) touch- 3957. tellurian: pertaining to the earth. ing lightly : incidental, peripheral [ involvement]. 3958. temerarious: rash. 130

3959. temerity: rashness; unreasonable contempt 3973. tenuous: 1) slender or ne, as a ber; 2) rare, for danger. as air at high altitudes; not dense; 3) not substantial; slight, imsy [ evidence]. 3960. temperament: internal constitution or state. 3974. tenuous: thin; slender; rareed. 3961. temperate: moderate; self-restrained esp in 3975. tepid: 1) barely or moderately warm; lukeappetites and passions; 2) neither very hot nor warm : said of liquids; 2) lacking warmth of very cold. feeling and enthusiasm. 3962. tempestuous: stormy!. 3976. termagant: shrewish. terminate: 1) to bring to an end in space or time; from the end or conclusion of; limit, bound, nish, or conclude; 2) to put an end to; stop; cease; 3) to dismiss from employment; re. terminology: 1) the terms or system of terms used in a specic science, art etc; nomenclature; 2) the systematic study of terms. terminus: 1) a nal goal : a nishing point; 2) a post or stone marking a boundary; 3) either end of a transportation line or travel route; also : the station, town or city at such a place : terminal : extreme point or tip [ of the glacier]. terrapin: turtle. terse: 1) smoothly elegant : polished; 2) devoid of superuity [a summary]; also : short, brusque [dismissed me with a no].

3963. tempo: 1) the speed at which a musical com- 3977. position is or is supposed to be performed : it is indicated by such notations as allegro, andante etc, or by reference to metronome timing; 2) rate of activity; pace [the of modern living]. 3964. temporize: 1) to act to suit the time or oc- 3978. casion : yield to current or dominant opinion : compromise; 2) to draw out discussions or negotiations so as to gain time [youd have to 3979. until you found out how she wanted to be advised]. 3965. tenacious: 1) holding rmly; 2) that retains well; retentive [a memory]; 3) that holds together strongly; cohesive; tough [a wood]; 4) that clings; adhesive; sticky; 5) persistent; 3980. stubborn [ courage]. 3981. 3966. tenacious: retaining or holding fast; tough; stubborn.

3967. tendentious: characterized by a deliberate 3982. tertiary: of the third rank, order, formation, stage,etc; third. tendency or aim; esp, advancing a denite point of view [ writings]. 3983. tesselate: to lay out, inlay, or pave in a mosaic pattern of small square blocks. 3968. tenement: a holding by any tenure; ath that 3984. testator: a person who has made a will, esp may be held by a tenant. one who has died leaving a valid will. 3969. tenets: any opinion principle or doctrine that 3985. testy: irritable; touchy; peevish. a person holds as true. 3970. tenets: basic principles of sth. 3986. tether: 1) a rope or chain fastened to an animal so as to keep it within certain bounds; 2) the limit of ones abilities, resources, etc. 3971. tentative: 1) made, done, proposed,etc experimentally or provisionally; not denite or 3987. thalassic: pertaining to the sea. nal; 2) indicating timidity hesitancy or un3988. thematic: 1) of, or relating to the stem of a certainty [a caress]. word; 2) [of a vowel] being the last part of a 3972. tentatively: done provisionally and experiwood stem before the inectional ending; 3) of, mentally. relating to , or constituting a theme. 131

3989. theme: 1a) a subject or topic of discourse or 4002. tinsel: 1. A shining material used for ornaof artistic representation; 1b) a specic and mental purposes; esp. a very thin, gauze-like distinctive quality, characteristic, or concern. cloth with much gold or silver woven into it; also, very thin metal overlaid with a thin coat3990. theocracy: government by a person or pering of gold,silver,brass etc; 2. Something shinsons claiming to rule with divine authority. ing and gaudy; something supercially shining and showy, or having a false luster, and more 3991. therapeutic: 1) of or relating to the treatgay than valuable. ment of a disease or disorder by remedial agents or methods [a rather than a diag- 4003. tipple: to drink (alcoholic liquor) habitually. nostic specialty]; 2) providing or assisting in a 4004. tirade: harangue; extended scolding; denuncure : curative, medicinal. ciation. 3992. thespian: having to do with the drama; dra4005. titanic: of great size, strength or power. matic. 3993. thrall: 1) a servant, slave : bondsman, serf; 4006. 2) a person in moral or mental servitude; 3) a state of complete absorption [mountains could hold me in with subtle attractions of their own]. 3994. thrive: 1) to prosper or ourish, be successful, 4007. esp as the result of economical management; 2) to grow vigorously or luxuriantly; improve 4008. physically. 4009. 3995. throe: a spasm or pang of pain : usu used in pl [death throes]. 4010. 3996. throng: 1) a great number of people gathered together; crowd; 2) a crowding together of peo- 4011. ple; crowded condition; 3) any great number of things massed or considered together; multitude. 4012. 3997. throttle: suocate. tithe: 1) one tenth of the annual produce of ones land or of ones annual income, paid as a tax or contribution to support a church or its clergy; 2a) a tenth part; 2b) any small part; 3) any tax or levy. titillate: 1) tickle; 2) to excite or stimulate pleasurably, often erotically. titivate: spruce up. titter: to laugh in a half-suppressed way, suggestive of silliness, nervousness, etc; giggle. titubant: staggering. toady: a servile atterer; sycophant, esp one who does distasteful or unprincipled things in order to gain favor. toga: 1) in ancient Rome, a loose, one piece outer garment worn in public citizens; 2) a robe of oce, char gown of a profession.

3998. thwart: to hinder, obstruct, frustrate, or defeat (a person, plans, etc). 4013. tome: a book, esp a large, scholarly or ponderous one. 3999. tiller: a bar or handle for turning a boats rudder. 4014. tonsure: a clipping o or shaving o of part or all of the hair of the head, done esp formerly as 4000. timbre: the characteristic quality of sound a signal of entrance into a clerical or monastic that distinguishes one voice or musical instrustate. ment from another or one vowel sound from another : it is determined by the harmonics of 4015. topiary: relating to shaping trees. the sound and is distinguished from the inten4016. topography: 1a) the art or practice of sity and pitch. graphic delineation in detail usu on maps or 4001. timorous: 1) of a timid disposition : fearful; charts; of natural and man-made features of a 2) expressing or suggesting timidity [proceed place or region esp in a way to show; their relwith doubtful and steps]. ative positions and elevations; 1b) the physical 132

or natural features of an object or entity and 4027. traduce: 1) to say untrue or malicious things their; structural relationships. about; defame; slander; vilify; 2) to make mockery of; betray. 4017. torpor: 1) a state of being dormant or inactive; temporary loss of all or part of the power 4028. tranquil: 1) free from disturbance or agitation, calm, serene, peaceful, placid, etc; 2) of sensation or motion; stupor; sluggishness; quiet or motionless; steady [ waters]. 2) dullness; apathy. 4018. torrent: 1) a swift, violent stream, esp of water; 2) a ood or rush of words, mail etc; 3) a very heavy fall of rain. 4019. torso: 1) the trunk of a statue of the nude human gure, esp of such a statue lacking the head and full limbs; 2) the trunk of the human body; 3) any unnished or fragmentary piece of work. 4029. transcend: 1) to go beyond the limits of; overstep; exceed [a story that s belief]; 2) to be superior to; surpass; excel.

4030. transcribe: 1) to write out or type out in full (shorthand notes, a speech etc); 2) to represent (speech sounds) in phonetic or phonemic symbols; 3) to translate or transliterate; 4) to arrange or adapt (a piece of music) for an instrument, voice, or ensemble other than that for which it was originally written; 5) to make 4020. tortuous: 1) full of twists, turns, curves, or a recording. windings; winding, crooked; 2) not straightfor4031. transxed: paralysed with emotion;. ward; devious; specif deceitful or tricky. 4032. 4021. touchstone: 1) a type of black stone formerly used to test the purity of gold or silver by the streak left on it when it was rubbed with the metal; 2) any test or criterion for determining 4033. genuineness or value. transgress: 1) to overstep or break (a law, commandment etc); 2) to go beyond (a limit, boundary, etc). transgression: to pass beyond the limit of; to overstep.

4022. touchy: 1) easily oended; oversensitive; irri- 4034. transience: passing; short duration; momentary. table; 2) sensitive to touch; easily irritated, as a part of the body; 3) very risky [a situa4035. transient: 1a) passing away with time; not tion]; 4) highly ammable or readily ignited. permanent; temporary; transitory; 1b) passing quickly or soon; eeting; ephemeral; 2) staying 4023. tout: 1) to spy on : watch ; 2a) [Brit] to spy only for a short time [the population at reout information about (as a racing stable or sorts]. horse); 2b) to give a tip or solicit bets on (a horse); 3) to solicit, peddle, or persuade impor- 4036. tunately [not meant to you o the movie]; 4) to praise or publicize loudly or extravagantly [ed as the most etc]; one who solicits patron- 4037. age. 4024. toxic: 1) of, aected by, or caused by a toxin, or poison; 2) acting as a poison; poisonous. transientness: ducity. evanescence; fugacity; ca-

transitory: going or passing away; lasting for a short time.

4038. transitory: of a passing nature; not enduring or permanent; temporary, eeting, or ephemeral; transient.

4025. tract: a propagandizing pamphlet, esp one on 4039. transmigration: to pass into another body a religious or political subject. or place or abode; 4026. tractable: 1) easily managed, taught, or con- 4040. transmogrication: to transform, transtrolled; docile, compliant; 2) easily worked; mute; (ie change to another form or submalleable. stance). 133

4041. transmute: to change from one form, species, 4054. trepidation: 1) tremulous or trembling movecondition, nature, or substance into another; ment; quaking; tremor; 2) a fearful uncertransform; convert. tainty, anxiety etc; apprehension. 4042. transpire: 1) to give o vaporous material; 4055. specif : to give o or exude a vapor esp from the surfaces of leaves; 2) to pass in the form of a vapor from a living body; 3a) to be re4056. vealed : come to light; 3b) to become known or apparent : develop. tribulation: 1) great misery or distress, as from oppression; deep sorrow; 2) sth that causes suering or distress; aiction; trial. tribunal: 1) a seat or bench upon which a judge or judges sit in court; 2) a court of justice; 3) any seat of judgement [the of popular sentiment].

4043. trappings: 1) caparisonusu used in pl; 2) [pl] outward decoration or dress : ornamental 4057. tribute: 1a) a payment by one ruler or naequipment; also : outward signs [conventional tion to another in acknowledgement of submismen with all the of banality]. sion or as the price of protection; also : the tax levied for such a payment; b) an excessive 4044. trauma: 1) a bodily injury, wound, or shock; tax, rental or tari imposed by a government, 2) a painful emotional experience or shock, sovereign, lord or landlord; 2a) sth given or often producing a lasting psychic eect and contributed voluntarily as due or deserved; esp sometimes, a neurosis. : a gift or service showing respect, gratitude, or aection [oral s]. 4045. travail: 1) very hard work; toil; 2) labor pains; 4058. trident: 1) having three teeth, processes or points; 2) a 3-pronged spear serving in classical 4046. travail: excessive labor; toil. mythology as the attribute of a sea god (as Neptune). 4047. travesty: 1) a grotesque or farcial imitation for purposes of ridicule, burlesque; 2) a crude, 4059. trilogy: a set of three related plays, novels, distorted, or ridiculous representation (of sth) etc, which together form an extended, unied [a trial that was a of justice]. work, though each has its own unity. 4048. travesty: disguise; burlesque. 4060. trinket: 1) a small, inexpensive ornament, piece of jewelry etc; 2) a trie or joy. pains of childbirth; 3) intense pain; agony.

4049. treatise: a formal, systematic article or book on some subject, esp a discussion of facts, evi- 4061. triturated: pulverized. dence, or principles and the conclusions based 4062. trivia: 1) unimportant matters, trivialities; 2) on these. little known, insignicant facts. 4050. tremor: 1) a trembling, shaking or shivering; 2) a vibratory or quivering motion; 3) a ner- 4063. troglodyte: cave dweller. vous thrill; trembling sensation; 4) a trembling 4064. troth: 1) loyal or pledged faithfulness : sound; 5) a state of tremulous excitement [in delity; 2) ones pledged word ; also : a of delight]. bethrothal.

4051. tremulous: 1) trembling; palpitating; quiver- 4065. truculent: 1) erce; cruel; savage; ferocious; ing; 2) fearful; timid; timorous; 3) marked by 2) rude, harsh, mean, scathing,etc : said of or showing trembling or quivering. speech or writing; 3) pugnacious or bellicose. 4052. trenchant: sharp, cutting, assertive, pointed; 4066. truism: an undoubted or self-evident truth; feeble, vacillating, pointless. esp one too obvious for mention. 4053. trencherman: a hearty eater. 4067. trumpery: showy trash. 134

4068. truncated: to cut short; to maim;lop.

4069. truncheon: a broken or cut piece; a broken 4085. tyranny: 1) oppressive power [every form of spear; a cudgel; a sta of authority. over the mind of man]; 2a) a government 4070. tryst: 1) an appointment to meet at a speciin which absolute power is vested in a single ed time and place, esp one made secretly by ruler; esp : one char of an ancient Greek citylovers; 2a) a meeting held by appointment; 2b) state; 2) a rigorous condition imposed by some the place of such a meeting (also called trystoutside agency or force. ing place). 4086. tyro: a beginner; a novice. 4071. tumbrel: (also tumbril) two wheeled cart. 4087. ubiquitous: to be found everywhere; om4072. tumid: 1) swollen; bulging; 2) inated or nipresent. pompous. 4088. ulterior: 1) lying beyond or on the farther 4073. tumult: 1) noisy commotion, as of a crowd; side; 2) later, subsequent, or future; 3) further, uproar; 2) confusion; agitation; disturbance; 3) more remote; esp beyond what is expressed, great emotional disturbance; agitation of mind implied or evident; undisclosed [an motive]. or feeling. 4089. ultimatum: a last oer or demand esp by 4074. turbid: 1) muddy or cloudy from having the one of the parties engaged in negotiations, the sediment stirred up; 2) thick, dense or dark, as rejection of which usu leads to a break in reclouds or smoke; 3) confused; perplexed; mudlations and unilateral action, the use of force, dled. etc by the party issuing the ultimatum; a nal point. 4075. turbulent: full of commotion or wild disorder; specif a) marked by or causing turmoil; 4090. ululation: animal sounds. unruly or boisterous [a mob]; b) violently 4091. umber: reddish brown earth. agitated; tumultuous [ grief]; c) marked by wildly irregular motion [ air currents]. 4092. umbrage: resentment, displeasure, antipathy, animosity; aection, amity, admiration. 4076. tureen: a large, deep serving dish with a lid, used for soups, stews,etc. 4093. umbrage: shade; a shadowy appearance;that which casts a shade. 4077. turgid: 1) swollen; distended; 2) bombastic; pompous; grandiloquent. 4094. unalienable: inalienable. 4078. turmoil: tumult; commotion; uproar; confu- 4095. unanimous: 1) agreeing completely; united in opinion; 2) showing, or based on, complete sion. agreement. 4079. turncoat: a person who goes over to the op4096. unassailable: untested. posite side or party; traitor. 4080. turpitude: baseness, vileness; depravity. 4081. tussock: thick clump of grass. 4097. unassuming: not assuming, pretentious or forward; modest; retiring. unbridle: 1) to remove the bridle from ( a horse etc); to free from restraint. uncanny: 1) mysterious or unfamiliar, esp in such a way as to frighten or make uneasy; preternaturally strange; eerie; weird; 2) so remarkable , acute etc as to seem preternatural [ shrewdness].

4084. tycoon: a wealthy and powerful industrialist, nancier.

4098. 4082. tutelage: 1) the function of a guardian; guardianship; care, protection, etc; 2) teaching; instruction; 3) the condition of being un- 4099. der a guardian or tutor. 4083. tutelary: 1) that watches over or protects; 2) of or serving as a guardian. 135

4100. uncanny: weird; unearthly; savouring of the 4115. unfetter: to free from fetters; free from resupernatural. straint of any kind; liberate. 4101. unconscionable: 1) not guided or restrained 4116. by conscience; unscrupulous; 2) unreasonable, excessive, or immoderate; 3) not fair or just; 4117. outrageous [ demands]. unfettered: unrestraint; to free from fetters (chains). unfrock: to deprive of the rank or function of priest or minister.

4102. uncouth: 1) awkward; clumsy; ungainly; 2) 4118. ungainly: 1) awkward, clumsy; 2) coarse and uncultured; crude; boorish. unattractive. 4103. unction: 1) the act of anointing as a rite of 4119. consecration or healing; 2) sth used for anointing : ointment, unguent; 3) exaggerated, as- 4120. sumed, or supercial earnestness of language or manner. 4104. unctuousness: lubrication; (unctuous-oleaginous; pinguid). anointment. unguent: a salve or ointment. unilateral: 1a) done or undertaken by one person or party; 1b) of, relating to, or aecting one side of a subject : one-sided; 1c) constituting or relating to contract or engagement by which an express obligation to do or forbear is imposed on only one party; 2a) having parts arranged on one side [a raceme]. unimpaired: undamaged; free from being impaired. unimpeachable: not impeachable; that cannot be doubted; questioned, or discredited; irreproachable.

4105. undermine: 1) to excavate the earth beneath : form a mine under : sap; 2) to wash away 4121. supporting material from under; 3) to subvert or weaken insidiously or secretly; 4) to weaken 4122. or ruin by degrees.

4106. underscore: 1) to draw a line under : underline; 2) to make evident : emphasize, stress; 3) 4123. uninhibited: without inhibition; esp free to provide (action on lm) with accompanying from the usu social or psychological restraints, music. as in behavior. 4107. undulate: 1) to cause to move in waves; 2) to 4124. unison: 1) an interval consisting of two identical musical pitches; prime; 2) complete agreegive a wavy form, margin, or surface to. ment; concord; harmony. 4108. unearth: 1) to dig up from or out of the earth; 2) to bring to light as by searching; discover; 4125. unkempt: 1) tangled, disheveled, etc as if from not having been combed; 2) not tidy or disclose. neat; messy; 3) not polished or rened; crude; rough. 4109. unedifying: not comforting. 4110. unequivocal: clear; unquestionable; not of 4126. unobtrusive: without getting noticed. doubtful meaning. 4127. unpalatable: not of good taste. 4111. unequivocal: not equivocal; not ambiguous; 4128. unprecedented: having no precedent or parplain; clear. allel; novel; unheard of. 4112. unerring: 1) free from error; 2) not missing 4129. unpremeditated: not studied or purposed beforehand. or failing; certain; sure; exact. 4113. unfaltering: not wavering or weakening : 4130. unravel: 1) to undo (sth woven, tangled or raveled up); untangle or separate the threads rm. of; 2) to make clear of confusion or involve4114. unfeigned: not feigned; genuine; real; sincere. ment; solve. 136

4131. unremitting: not relaxing; continued; inces- 4149. sant;. 4150. 4132. unrequited: not returned; unanswerable; unreciprocated. 4151.

upshot: the conclusion; result; outcome. urbane: polite and courteous in a smooth, polished way; rened. urchin: a small boy, or any youngster, esp one who is roguish or mischievous.

4133. unruly: hard to control, restrain, or keep in order; disobedient, disorderly, etc. 4152. ursine: of, like, or char of a bear; bearlike. 4134. unsavory: 1) unpleasant to taste or smell; 2) 4153. unpleasant or oensive, esp so as to seem immoral. 4154. 4135. unscathed: not hurt; unharmed.

usufruct: right to enjoy property of other without changing it. usurp: to take or assume (power, a position, property, rights, etc) and hold in possession by force or without right.

4136. unseemly: not seemly; not decent or proper; 4155. usury: 1) the act or practice of lending money unbecoming; indecorous. at interest, now specif at a rate of interest that is excessive or unlawfully high; 2) interest at 4137. unsightly: not sightly; not pleasant to look such a high rate. at; ugly. 4138. unstintingly: not restricting or holding back; 4156. utopia: 1) any idealized place, state, or situation of perfection; 2) any visionary scheme giving or being given freely [to praise ]. or system for an ideally perfect society; 3) a 4139. unsullied: not dirty; clean?. novel or other work depicting utopian society or place. 4140. untenable: which cannot be retained; inca4157. uxorious: excessively or submissively fond of pable of being tenanted or occupied. a wife. 4141. untoward: 1) dicult to guide, manage or work with : unruly, intractable; 2a) marked by 4158. vacillate: 1) to sway to and fro; waver; totter; stagger; 2) to uctuate or oscillate; 3) to waver trouble or unhappiness : unlucky; 2b) not fain mind; show indecision. vorable : adverse, unpropitious [ side-eects]; 3) improper, indecorous. 4159. vacuous: 1) empty of matter; 2) having 4142. unwarranted: that cannot be justied; inexcusable. 4143. unwary: careless; not vigilant. or showing lack of intelligence, interest or thought; stupid; inane; senseless; 3) characterized by lack of purpose, of protable employment etc; idle.

4144. unwieldy: hard to wield, manage, handle or 4160. vagaries: a freakish prank; a caprice; a digression; deal with, as because or large size or weight, or awkward form. 4161. vagary: 1) an odd, eccentric or unexpected action or bit of conduct; 2) an odd, whimsical, 4145. unwitting: 1) not knowing; unaware; 2) not or freakish idea or notion; oddity; caprice. intended; unintentional. 4162. vagrant: a person who wanders from place to 4146. unwonted: unaccustomed. place or lives a wandering life; rover; one who wanders from place to place without a regu4147. upbraid: to rebuke severely or bitterly; cenlar job, supporting oneself by begging etc; idle sure sharply. wanderer , vagabond; a tramp, beggar, prosti4148. uproarious: 1) making, or char by an uproar; tute or similar idle or disorderly person whose tumultuous; 2a) loud and boisterous, as laughway of living makes them liable to arrest and ter; 2b) causing such laughter [an joke]. detention. 137

4163. vagrant: following no xed direction, course, 4177. vegetate: 1) to grow as plants; 2) to exist or pattern; random, wayward, eeting, erratic with little mental and physical activity; lead a etc. dull inactive life; 3) to grow or increase in size, as a wart or another abnormal outgrowth. 4164. vainglorious: 1) boastfully vain and proud of oneself; 2) showing or char by boastful vanity. 4178. vehement: 1) acting or moving with great force; violent; impetuous; 2) having or char by intense feeling or strong passion; fervent; 4165. valediction: 1) the act of bidding or saying impassioned etc. farewell; 2) sth said in parting; farewell utterance. 4179. velleity: slight wish. 4166. valiant: valorous, puissant; dastardly, craven, 4180. velocity: quickness or rapidity of motion or sneaking. action; swiftness; speed. 4167. validate: 1) to make a binding under the law; 4181. give legal force to; declare legally valid; 2) to prove to be valid; conrm the validity of; verify. 4182. 4168. valor: marked courage or bravery. 4169. vanguard: the foremost of an army; the forefront. venal: 1) that can readily be bribed or corrupted [a judge]; 2) char by bribery or corruption [a bargain]. vendetta: 1) a feud in which the relatives of a murdered or wronged person seek vengeance on the murdered or wrongdoer or on members of that persons family; 2) any bitter quarrel or feud.

4170. vantage: a) position, situation, etc more ad- 4183. vendor: one who vends or sells; seller. vantageous than that of an opponent; b) a po4184. veneer: 1) a thin surface layer of ne wood or sition that allows a clear and broad view, uncostly material laid over a base of common maderstanding, etc (also vantage point). terial; 2) any of the thin layers glued together in plywood; 3) any attractive but supercial 4171. vapid: insipid; tasteless; avorless; at; uninappearance or display [a of culture]. teresting; lifeless; dull; boring 4172. variegated: 1) marked with dierent colors in spots, streaks, etc; parti-colored; 2) having variety in character, form , etc; varied; diversied. 4185. venerable: 1) worthy of respect or reverence by reason of age and dignity, character, or position; 2) impressive on account of age or historic or religious associations, venerate: to look upon with feelings of deep respect; regard as venerable; revere. venial: pardonable; excusable. venison: the esh of a deer, used as food. ventriloquism: the art or practice of speaking so that the voice seems to come from some source other than the speaker.

4186. 4173. vassal: 1) in the Middle Ages, a person who held land under the feudal system, doing homage and pledging fealty to an over-lord, 4187. and performing military or other duties in return for his protection; feudal tenant; 2) a de- 4188. pendent; a bondsman; slave. 4189. 4174. vaticination: prophesy.

4175. vaunt: to boast about (sth); brag of sth ex- 4190. venturesome: 1) inclined to venture, or take cessively [the ed beauties of Paris]. chances; daring; 2) involving danger or risk; risky; hazardous. 4176. veer: 1) to change direction; shift; turn or swing around; 2) to change sides; shift, as 4191. Venus: the scene or locale of a large gatherfrom, one opinion or attitude to another. ing,as for sports event or rock concert. 138

4192. veracious: 1) habitually truthful; honest; 2) 4208. versatile: a) competent in many things; able true; accurate. to turn easily from one subject or occupation to another; many-sided; b) adaptable to many 4193. veracity: 1) habitual truthfulness; honesty; uses or functions. 2) accordance with truth; accuracy of statement; 3) accuracy or precision, as of percep- 4209. vertex: the highest point; summit; apex, as the top point of the sun, moon etc, above the tion; 4) that which is true; truth. horizon. 4194. verbalize: 1) to be wordy, or verbose; 2) to use words to express or communicate meaning. 4210. vertiginous: dizzy. 4195. verbiage: 1) an excess of words beyond those needed to express concisely what is meant; wordiness; 2) style of expression; diction. 4196. verbigerate: cause a repeated echo. 4197. 4211. vertigo: a condition in which one has the feeling of whirling or of having the surroundings whirling about one, so that one tends to lose balance; dizziness.

4198.

4199.

4200.

4212. verve: 1) vigor and energy, as in movement, portrayal, etc; 2) exuberant enthusiasm; spirit, verbose: using or containing too many words; dash, etc. wordy; long winded; prolix. 4213. vesicant: causing blisters. verdant: 1) green; 2) covered with green vegetation; 3) inexperienced; immature [ youth]. 4214. vestige: 1) a trace, mark, or sign of sth that once existed or disappeared; [s of the ancient verdigris: a greenish or greenish blue coating wall]; 2) a trace; bit [not a of hope left]; 3) (false verdigris) that forms like rust; on brass, a degenerate, atrophied, or rudimentary organ bronze or copper. or part, more fully developed; or functional in an earlier stage of development of the individverdure: greenness. ual or; species: also vestiguim. 4215. vestige: a mark or trace of sth that no longer remains.

4201. verecund: bashful. 4202. verger: minor church ocial.

4216. vesture: a garment; vegetation clothing the 4203. verisimilitude: 1) the appearance of being soil. true or real; 2) sth having the mere appearance 4217. viable: 1) able to live; specif a) having develof being true or real. oped suciently within the uterus to be able to live and continue normal development outside 4204. verity: 1) the quality or state of being true or the uterus [a premature but infant]; b) able real; 2) sth (as a statement) that is true; esp : to take root and grow [ seeds]; 2) workable a fundamental and inevitably true value [such and likely to survive or to have real meaning, eternal verities as honor, love and patriotism]; pertinence, etc [a economy, ideas]. 3) the quality or state of being truthful or honest [the kings becoming graces, as justice, ]. 4218. viand: 1) an article of food; 2) [pl] food of various kinds; esp choice dishes. 4205. vernacular: 1a) using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a 4219. vicarious: exercise performed or suered by literary, cultured or foreign language. one person or thing instead of another. 4206. vernal: appearing in spring; fresh and youth- 4220. vicissitude: change of fortune. ful. 4221. victual: 1) food or other provisions; 2) [pl] 4207. verrucose: warty. articles of food, esp when prepared for use. 139

4222. vie: to struggle for superiority (with someone) 4238. visage: 1) the face, with reference to the form or enter into competition (for sth); compete. and proportions of the feature or to the expression; countenance; 2) appearance; aspect. 4223. vigil: a) a purposeful or watchful staying awake during the usual hours of sleep; b) a 4239. visceral: 1) felt in or as if in the viscera : deep watch kept, or the period of this. [ conviction]; 2) not intellectual : instinctive, unreasoning [ drives]; 3) dealing with crude 4224. vigilant: staying watchful and alert to danger or elemental emotions : earthy [a novel]. or trouble. 4240. viscid: having a cohesive and sticky uid con4225. vignette: a photographic portrait; a characsistency; viscous. ter sketch; a word picture. 4226. vilify: to make vile; to disparage; to defame. 4241. viscous: having a cohesive and sticky uid consistency; viscid. 4227. vilify: to use abusive or slanderous language 4242. vise: a device, usu fastened to a workbench, about or of; calumniate; revile; defame. consisting of two jaws opened and closed by a 4228. vindicate: 1) to clear from criticism, blame, screw, lever, etc and used for holding rmly an guilt , suspicion etc; uphold by evidence or arabject being worked on. gument; 2) to defend or maintain (a cause, claim,etc) against opposition; 3) to serve as 4243. visionary: 1a) of the nature of a vision : illusory; 1b) incapable of being realized or justication for; justify [a success which d achieved : utopian [a scheme]; 1c) existing their belief in him]; 4) to lay claim to or estabonly in imagination : unreal; 2) disposed to lish possession of (sth for oneself or another). reverie or imagination : dreamy; 3) having a 4229. vindictive: 1) revengeful in spirit; inclined marked foresight and imagination [a leader]; to seek vengeance; 2) said or done in revenge; 4) one whose ideas or projects are impractical char by vengeance. [ punishment]. : dreamer. 4230. vintner: 1) a person who sells wine; wine mer- 4244. vital: 1a) existing as a manifestation of life; chant; 2) a person who makes wine, 1b) concerned with or necessary to the maintenance of life [ organs]; 2) full of life and vigor 4231. virago: an amazon; a heroic or man-like : animated; 3) char of life or living beings; 4) woman. fundamentally concerned with or aecting life 4232. virgate: rod shaped. or living beings : invigorating : mortal. 4233. viridity: greenness. 4245. vitiate: 1) to make imperfect, faulty, or impure; spoil; corrupt; 2) to weaken morally, de4234. virile: 1) of, belonging to, or char of an adult base, pervert; 3) to make (a contract, or legal man; manly; male; 2) having manly strength instrument) ineective; invalidate. or vigor; forceful; 3) of or capable of copulation; sexually potent. 4246. vitreous: a) of, having the nature of or like glass; glassy; b) derived from or made of glass. 4235. virtual: being such practically or in eect, although not in actual fact or name [a im- 4247. vitriolic: extremely biting or caustic; sharp possibility]. and bitter. [ talk]. 4236. virtuoso: a person displaying great technical 4248. vituperation: abusive; foul language. skill in some ne art, esp in the performance 4249. vivacity: liveliness; animation. of music. 4237. virulent: a) extremely poisonous or injurious; 4250. vivisection: medical research consisting of deadly; b) bitterly antagonistic or spiteful; full surgical operations or other expts performed of hate and enmity; venomous; rancorous. on living animals to study the structure and 140

function of living organs and parts, and to investigate the eects of diseases and therapy. 4251. vixen: 1) a female fox; 2) an ill-tempered, 4262. shrewish, or malicious woman. 4263. 4252. vociferous: 1) loud, noisy, or vehement in 4264. making ones feelings known; clamorous; characterized by clamor or vehement outcry. 4253. vogue: 1) the accepted fashion or style at any 4265. particular time; mode : often with the; 2) general favor or acceptance; popularity [coming into ].

a while or eddy in its rush, absorbing eect, catastrophic power, etc. votary: worshipper;. vouchsafe: condescend; be graciously willing. voyeur: a person who has an exaggerated interest in viewing sexual objects or activities to obtain sexual gratication; peeping Tom. vulnerable: 1) that can be wounded or physically injured; 2a) open to criticism or attack [ a reputation]; 2b) easily hurt, as by adverse criticism; sensitive; 2c) aected by a specied inuence, temptation, etc [ to political pressure]; 3) open to attack by armed forces.

4254. volatile: 1) readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature; 2) ying or having the power to y; 3a) lighthearted or lively; 3b) easily 4266. vulpine: 1) of or like a fox or foxes; 2) clever, aroused [ suspicions]; 3c) cunning,etc. 4255. volition: 1) the act of using the will; exer- 4267. wae: to speak or write in a wordy, vague or cise of the will as in deciding what to do; 2) a indecisive manner. conscious or deliberate decision or choice thus made; 3) the power or faculty of using the will. 4268. waft: 1) to move or go lightly on or as if on a buoyant medium; 2) sth (as an odor) that 4256. volition: act of willing or choosing; the power is wafted : whi; 3) a slight breeze : pu; 4) of determining. the act of waving; 5) a pennant or ag used to signal or show wind direction. 4257. voluble: char by a great ow of words; talking 4269. waggish: 1) like, char of, or betting a wag; much and easily; talkative,glib, etc. roguishly merry; 2) done, said or made in jest; 4258. voluminous: 1) writing, producing, consistplayful [a waggish remark]. ing of, or forming enough material to ll volumes; 2) of great volume; large; bulky; full. 4270. waif: 1a) a piece of property found (as washed up by the sea) but unclaimed; 1b) [pl] stolen 4259. voluptuous: 1) full of, producing, or char by goods thrown away by a thief in ight; 2a) sth sensual delights and pleasure; sensual; 2) fond found without an owner and esp by chance; of or directed toward luxury, elegance, and the 2b) a stray person or animal, esp : a homeless pleasure of the senses; 3a) suggesting or exchild[]. pressing sensual pleasures or gratication; 3b) sexually attractive because of a full shapely 4271. waive: 1) to give up or forgo (a right, claim, privilege,etc); 2) to refrain from insisting on or gure; 4) arising from sensual gratication. taking advantage of; 3) to put o until later; 4260. voracious: 1) greedy in eating; devouring postpone; defer; 4) to forgo or relinquish volor eager to devour large quantities of food; untarily (a right, privilege, claim, etc which ravenous; gluttonous; 2) very greedy or eaone is legally entitled to enforce). ger in some desire or pursuit; insatiable [a 4272. wallow: 1) to roll oneself about in an indolent reader]. or ungainly manner; 2) to billow forth : surge; 4261. vortex: 1) a whirling mass of water forming a 3) to devote oneself entirely, esp : to take unvacuum at its center, into which ath caught in restrained pleasure : delight; 4a) to become the motion is drawn; whirlpool; 2) a whirl or abundantly supplied : luxuriate [a family that powerful eddy of air; whirlwind; 3) any activs in money]; 5) a state of degradation or deity, situation or state of aairs that resembles generacy. 141

4273. wan: 1) sickly pale; pallid; colorless; [a com- 4285. plexion]; 2) faint, feeble or weak in a way suggestive of a sickly condition or great weariness, sadness,etc [a wan smile]. 4274. wane: 1) to grow gradually less in extent : 4286. said esp of the visible face of the moon; 2) to 4287. become less intense, bright, strong etc; grow dim or faint, as a light; 3) to decline in importance, power, prosperity, inuence, etc; 4) to approach the end : said of a period of time 4288. [the day s]. 4275. wangle: 1) to extricate oneself (as from difculty) : wiggle; 2) to resort to trickery or devious methods. 4276. wanly: pale and sickly. 4277. wanton: 1) playfully mean or cruel : mis- 4289. chievous; 2a) lewd, bawdy; 2b) causing sexual excitement : lustful, sensual; 3a) merciless, inhumane [ cruelty]; 3b) having no just foundation or provocation : malicious [a attack]; 4) a pampered person or animal : pet, esp : a spoilt child; 5) one given to self-indulgent ir- 4290. tation or triingused esp in the phrase play the wanton. 4278. warbled: to sing in a quavering way.

wax: 1) to grow gradually larger, more numerous etc; increase in strength, intensity , volume; 2) to speak or express oneself [he ed on and on about his prowess]. wayfarer: traveler esp on foot. waylay: 1) to lie in wait for and attack; ambush; 2) to wait for and accost (a person) on the way. wean: 1) to accustom (as a child) to take food otherwise than by nursing; 2) to detach from a source of dependence [being ed o the medication]; also : to free from a usu unwholesome habit or interest [ him o his excessive drinking habit]; 3) to accustom to sth from an early ageused in the passive esp with on [students ed on the microcomputer]. weather: 1) to expose to the open air : subject to the action of elements; 2) to bear up against and come safely thru [ a storm]; 3) state or vicissitude of life or fortune; 4) disagreeable atmospheric conditions. welt: 1) a strip between a shoe sole and upper thru which they are stitched or stapled together; 2) a double edge, strip, insert, or seam (as on a garment) for ornament or reinforcement; 3a) a ridge or lump raised on the body usu by a blow; a heavy blow.

4279. warrant: ground, justication, sanction, authorization; guarantee, security, conrmation, 4291. welter: 1a) writhe, toss ; also :wallow; 1b) to rise and fall or toss about in or with waves; 2) proof. to become deeply sunk, soaked or involved; 3) 4280. warren: 1) a space or limited area in which to be in turmoil. rabbits breed or are numerous; 3) any building or group of buildings crowded like a rabbit 4292. welter: confusion. warren. 4293. wenches: a working girl, a maid-servant. 4281. wary: 1) cautious; on ones guard; 2) char by 4294. wheedle: 1) to inuence or entice with soft caution [a look]. words or attery; [ ones way into favor]. 4282. wassail: a festive occasion; revelry; a drinking 4295. whelp: 1) any of the young of various carnivbout; drinking or festive song. orous mammals and esp of the dog; 2) a young boy or girl; 3) to give birth toused of various 4283. wastrel: 1) a person who wastes; esp a carnivores and esp the dog. spendthrift; 2) good for nothing; a useless or 4296. whet: 1) to sharpen by rubbing or grinding worthless person. (the edge of a knife or tool); hone; 2) to make 4284. wattle: eshy ap. keen; stimulate [to the appetite]. 142

4297. whilom: quondam; former.

4313. wisp: 1) a small handful (as of hay or straw); 2) a thin strip or fragment; 3) sth frail, slight 4298. whimple: a veil folded around the head, neck or eeting [a of a girl]. or cheeks part of a nuns dress. 4314. wistful: showing or expressing vague yearn4299. whimsical: 1) full of or char by whims or ings; longing pensively. whimsy; 2) oddly out of the ordinary; fanciful; freakish; 3) subject to sudden change; unpre- 4315. withdrawn: withdrawing within oneself, shy, reserved, introverted etc. dictable. 4300. whimsical: delicately fanciful. 4316. witless: lacking wit or intelligence; foolish.

4301. whinny: to neigh in a low, gentle, contented 4317. wizardry: the art or practice of a wizard; specif a) witchcraft; magic; sorcery; b) excepway : said of a horse. tional cleverness. 4302. whit: the least bit; jot; iota : chiey in negative constructions [not a the wiser, not care 4318. wizen: to dry up; wither; shrivel. one ]. 4319. wizened: dried up with age; shrivelled. 4303. whittle: to pare or cut with a knife; to dimin- 4320. ish gradually; to cut wood aimlessly. 4321. 4304. whorl: 1) a drum shaped section on the lower part of a spindle in spinning or weaving machinery serving as a pulley for the tape drive that rotates the spindle; 2) an arrangement of 4322. similar anatomical parts (as leaves) in a circle 4323. around a point on an axis ; 3) sth that whirls, coils, or spirals or whose form suggests such movement. 4324. 4305. wicket: gate. wont: usual practice; habit; custom. worldly: 1) of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather than to religion or spiritual aairs; worldly-wise. wrangle: an angry noisy dispute or quarrel. wrath: 1) intense anger, rage, fury; 2) any action carried out in great anger, esp for punishment or vengeance. wreak: 1) to cause the iniction of (vengeance or punishment); 2) to give free play or course to (malevolent) feeling.

4306. willful: 1) said or done deliberately or intentionally; 2) doing as one pleases; self-willed. 4325. wrench: 1) to move with a violent twist: to undergo twisting; 2) change, distort, pervert; 4307. wily: full of wiles; crafty; sly. 3a) to pull or tighten twisting or with violence; 3b) to snatch forcibly; 4a) a sharp twist 4308. wimble: gimlet. or sudden jerk straining muscles or ligaments; 4309. wince: to shrink or draw back slightly, usu 4b) a distorting or perverting alteration ; 4c) with a grimace, as in pain, embarrassment, acute emotional distress; 4d) sudden violent alarm etc. emotional change; 5) a hand or power tool for holding, twisting or turning an object. 4310. windfall: 1) sth blown down by the wind, as fruit from a tree; 2) any unexpected acquisi- 4326. wrest: 1) to pull, force, or move by violent tion, gain or stroke of good luck. wringing or twisting movements; 2) to gain with diculty by or as if by force, violence or 4311. winsome: attractive in a sweet, engaging determined labour. way; charming. 4327. writ: a formal legal document ordering or pro4312. wiseacre: one who unduly assumes an air hibiting some action. of superior wisdom; a simpleton quite unconscious of being such. 4328. writhe: to cause to twist or turn; contort. 143

4329. wry: 1) to pull out of or as if out of proper shape; 2) to make awry; 3) having bent or twisted shape or condition; 3) cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous. 4330. xenophobia: fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything strange or foreign. 4331. yaw: to deviate temporarily from. 4332. yen: a strong longing or desire. 4333. yeomen: staunch and brave. 4334. yoke: 1) a wooden bar or frame by which two draft animals (as oxen) are joined at the heads or necks for working together; 2) servitude, bondage, tie,link. 4335. yokel: a person living in a rural area; rustic; country bumpkin : a contemptuous person. 4336. yore: times long past : now only in of yore , formerly. 4337. zany: a clown or buoon; specif a former stock character in comedies who clownishly aped the principal actors; a silly or foolish person; simpleton. 4338. zeal: intense enthusiasm, as in working for a cause; ardent endeavor or devotion; ardor; fervor. 4339. zealot: a person who is zealous, esp to an extreme or excessive degree; fanatic. 4340. zenith: the point directly overhead in the sky or on the celestial sphere : opposed to nadir; the highest point; peak. 4341. zephyr: a soft, gentle breeze; the west wind; a ne, soft, light-weight yarn, cloth or garment. 4342. ziggurat: pyramidical temple.

144