Basic Electronics (9034)

Experiment No. 3

Experiment No. 3
1.0 TITLE:
To determine V-I characteristic of diode and zener diode and to find their static and dynamic resistances.

2.0

PRIOR CONCEPTS:
Semi conductor theory P-N junction Semiconductor material.

3.0

NEW CONCEPTS:
Proposition 1: V-I characteristics of diode/Zener diode. The relationship between voltage across and current through (in forward bias and reverse bias condition) PN junction diode / zener diode is called their VI characteristic. For zener, reverse characteristics is also called zener characteristics. Concept Structure 1:

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Experiment No. 3

Basic Electronics (9034)

Proposition 2: Static and Dynamic Resistance of diode. Static resistance (Rstatic) of P-N junction diode is ratio of forward voltage (VF ) to forward current (IF). Dynamic resistance is a ratio of small change in VF to small change in IF. at particular operating point

4.0

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Intellectual Skills To identify the components and equipment required. To observe the current through diode and zener diode for various voltages. To calculate static and dynamic resistance of diode and zener diode at a particular operating point. To identify the different regions of operation of diode and zener diode from their characteristics. Motor Skills Ability to make the connections as per circuit diagram. Ability to note down the readings. Ability to plot graph of voltage versus current.

5.0

EQUIPMENTS:
PN junction diode, Zener diode, bread board, characteristics trainer kit. Voltmeter (0-10 V) Voltmeter (0-30V) Ammeters (0-10mA), (0-100 mA) , (0-100 A) DC power supply (0-30V, 0-2A variable) connecting wires OR Diode and Zener One One One each

6.0

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
a) Forward biasing

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Basic Electronics (9034)

Experiment No. 3

b)

Reverse biasing

c)

Zener diode characteristics

7.0

STEPWISE PROCEDURE:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Set up the experimental kit OR Identify the components required.. Connect the voltmeter, ammeter (mA, A) as shown in circuit diagram for diode in forward biasing mode OR Make the connections as per circuit diagram. Switch on the power supply and increase applied voltage gradually. Note down voltmeter and ammeter readings. Repeat steps 2 to 4 for reverse bias mode. Repeat steps 2 to 4 for Zener diode when forward and reverse biased. Tabulate the observations and plot the graphs for diode and zener diode separately. Calculate static and dynamic resistance for diode from the graph plotted.

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Experiment No. 3

Basic Electronics (9034)

8.0

OBSERVATIONS:
Observation table for Diode Characteristics

(Note down the following specifications from Diode data manual) Type number of the diode : . Knee voltage / cut in voltage : . Given diode is Ge / Si diode : . PIV rating : . Maximum forward current rating : ..... Observation table for Zener Diode Characteristics

(Note down the following specifications from Diode data manual)

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Basic Electronics (9034)

Experiment No. 3

Breakdown voltage VZ : . Volts. Type number of zener diode: . Maximum wattage rating : . Watts Maximum current rating: ..

9.0

GRAPHS:
Plot characteristics for VF / IF and VR / IR for diode. Plot characteristics for VF / IF and VZ / IZ for Zener diode.

10.0 CALCULATION:
(Perform following calculations by selecting proper operating point)

11.0 CONCLUSION:
1. The diode is said to be forward biased when the anode voltage is.. (greater/less) than the cathode voltage and reverse biased when anode voltage is ..(greater/ less) than the cathode voltage. The given diode is..(Silicon/Germanium) diode. The cut in voltage for given diode is ...Volts. For zener diode after reverse breakdown with increase in current through it, the voltage across it .. ..(remains constant/varies) with current.

2. 3. 4.

12.0 QUESTIONS:
Write answers to Q.Q.....Q.Q..... and Q..... (The question numbers to be allotted by teacher) 1. What is depletion layer? 2. Is it possible to reduce the cut-in-voltage of diode? If yes, how? If no, Why? 3. Mention cut-in voltage for Si and Ge diode. 4. What is unidirectional property of diode? Mention its uses. 5. Compare diode and zener diode. 6. List five specifications of zener diode. 7. State the effect of doping on diode characteristics? 8. Can diode be used as a switch? If yes, how? 9. What are the majority charge carriers in forward biased diode? 10. What will happen if a voltage more than PIV rating of diode is applied across the diode? 11. What will happen if voltage more than reverse breakdown voltage is applied across diode? 12. Is it possible to check diode and zener diode in the laboratory? If yes, how to check them? 13. Where from to get the ratings and specifications of diode and zener diode? 14. Will there be any effect of rise in temperature on depletion layer of the diode? If yes, what? 15. Define semiconductor diode. 16. What is meant by forward bias? 17. What is meant by reverse bias? 18. State the nature of forward and reverse characteristics of diode. 19. 1N5048 is a type of diode. What does N and 5 indicate? 20. From the available resources, list five types of diodes and note down their specifications? 21. In some diodes a ring is printed on it. Does it give any information? If yes, write the information given?
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Experiment No. 3

Basic Electronics (9034)

(Space for answers)

Signature of Teacher

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Basic Electronics (9034)

Experiment No. 3

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Experiment No. 3

Basic Electronics (9034)

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Basic Electronics (9034)

Experiment No. 3

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Experiment No. 3

Basic Electronics (9034)

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