Dong Ngan Mach

B Cng thng
tp on in lc Vit Nam
Vin nng lng
Bo co tng kt ti cp b
M s: I-150
NGHIN CU KH NNG NG DNG TRUYN

TI IN MT CHIU TI VIT NAM
Ch nhim ti:
Nguyn Mnh Cng
7174
17/3/2009
H ni - 12/2008
ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam
Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng
Mc lc
M u............................................................................................................... 6
CHNG I. TNG QUAN V H THNG TRUYN TI IN MT
CHIU V XOAY CHIU .............................................................................. 7
1.1.
Lch s pht trin cng ngh truyn ti in ..................................... 7
1.2.
Cc thnh tu mi t c ca cng ngh truyn ti in. ........... 10
1.3.
Cc yu cu k thut chnh ca tryn ti in siu cao p mt chiu .

......................................................................................................... 13
1.3.1.
Thnh phn c bn .................................................................... 13
1.3.2.
Trm chuyn i ....................................................................... 16
1.3.3.
Cc kiu truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu .................................... 18
1.3.4.
Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng truyn ti in 1 chiu....... 21
1.3.5.
u nhc im ca h thng truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu .... 24
1.3.6.
Mt s h thng truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu trn th gii .... 25
CHNG II. Cc yu t nh hng n chi ph u t h thng truyn ti

in.
................................................................................................ 30
2.1.
+ nh hng ca cng sut v khong cch truyn ti. ................. 30
2.2.
+ nh hng ca cc yu t khc ................................................... 34
CHNG III. Kho st s bin thin ca chi ph u t khi cc yu t u

vo thay i.
.............................................................................................. 39
3.1.
Xc nh cc thnh phn ca chi ph u t .................................... 39
3.1.1.
Phng php chung nh gi d n u t: ......................... 39
3.1.2. La chn phng php so snh kinh t d n u t cho n

nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in 1 chiu Vit Nam ...... 41
3.2.
Tnh ton chi ph trong trng hp yu t u vo thay i........... 42
CHNG IV. ng dng trong cc trng hp c th ti Vit Nam. .......... 43

4.1.
Cc gi thit a vo tnh ton: ....................................................... 43
4.1.1.
Cc gi thit v mt k thut ..................................................... 43
4.1.2.
Cc gi thit v mt kinh t ....................................................... 44
4.2.
Tnh ton chi ph hin ti ha khi cc yu t u vo thay i ....... 46
4.2.1.
M phng h thng in trong PSS/E....................................... 46
4.2.2.
Khong cch truyn ti 270 km ................................................ 49
4.2.3.
Khong cch truyn ti 450 km ................................................ 58
4.3.
Nhng d n truyn ti 1 chiu tim nng ...................................... 63
4.3.1.
Truyn ti in khu vc Nam Trung b - ng Nam B: ........ 63
4.3.2.
Truyn ti in lin kt Vit Nam Trung Quc: .................... 64
CHNG V. KT LUN............................................................................ 66
CHNG VI. PH LC ............................................................................. 67
6.1.
M phng cc h thng in n gin: ........................................... 68
6.2.
Vn u t v chi ph hin ti ha cho cc d n truyn ti in: . 82
Danh mc hnh v:
Hnh : 1: K hiu cc Valve v cu chnh lu .......................................................... 14
Hnh : 2: Cu hnh c bn mch chuyn i gm nhm van 6 xung ni vi MBA
u Yo/Y................................................................................................................... 14
Hnh : 3: Cu hnh chnh lu 12 xung, s dng 2 MBA u Yo/Y v Yo/D ........... 15
Hnh : 4: Thnh phn ca mt Thyristor Module ..................................................... 16
Hnh : 5: Cu hnh c bn trm chuyn i AC - DC .............................................. 16
Hnh : 6 : Cu hnh n cc, s dng b chnh lu 12 xung ................................... 18
Hnh : 7: Cu hnh lng cc, s dng b chnh lu 12 xung. ................................ 19
Hnh : 8 : Cc kiu u ni h thng truyn ti in 1 chiu .................................. 21
Hnh : 9: hnh dng sng in p v dng in trong qu trnh chuyn i ........... 21
Hnh : 10: Bn v tr tuyn HVDC +/- 600kV Itaipu - Sao Paulo ...................... 26
Hnh : 11: Bn v tr tuyn HVDC 350kV Leyte - Luzon, Philipines ................. 27
Hnh : 12: Bn v tr tuyn HVDC +/- 500kV Riland - Delhi, n ................ 28
Hnh : 13: Bn v tr mt s d n HVDC trn th gii ...................................... 29
Hnh : 14: Tn tht vng quang theo cao v tn tht truyn ti theo chiu di ... 32
Hnh : 15: Chi ph u t khi P = 3500 MW ............................................................ 33
Hnh : 16: Chi ph u t khi P = 10.000 MW ......................................................... 33
Hnh : 17: Chiu di cch in cc cp in p khc nhau (Ngun ABB) ........... 35
Hnh : 18: Mc tng tng i v yu cu cch in cao khc nhau .............. 36
Hnh : 19: Ti trng dy dn cho EHVAC v HVDC .............................................. 36
Hnh : 20: s mch yu cu khi truyn ti 6000 MW bng HVDC v HVAC ....... 37
Hnh : 21: Thit k ct EHVAC
Hnh : 22: Thit k ct HVDC ................ 38
Hnh : 23: Bn v tr cc nh my in khu vc Nam trung b........................... 50
Hnh : 24: S khi h thng truyn ti ................................................................ 51
Hnh : 25: th biu din tn tht theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 270km ........ 53
Hnh : 26: th biu din tn Vn u t theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 270km
.................................................................................................................................. 54
Hnh : 27: th biu chi ph hin ti ha theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 270km
.................................................................................................................................. 55
Hnh : 28: Sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim = 25.000 USD/MW ................. 56
Hnh : 29: Sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim := 20.000 USD/MW ................. 56
Hnh : 30: Sut u t cho ng dy 765kV gim = 1.0 triu USD/km ................ 57
Hnh : 31: Sut u t cho ng dy 765kV gim = 1.0 triu USD/km ng thi
sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim = 25.000 USD/MW .................................... 57
Hnh : 32: Bn v tr tuyn truyn ti lin kt Vit Nam - Trung Quc .............. 59
Hnh : 33: th biu din vn u t theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 450km ... 61
Hnh : 34: th biu din chi ph hin ti ha theo cng sut truyn ti khi L =
450km ....................................................................................................................... 62
Hnh : 35: Sut u t cho trm chuyn i AC-DC, DC-AC gim = 75 USD/kW 63
M u
H thng in Vit Nam 12 nm gn y (1995-2007) c s pht trin mnh
vi tc tng trng trung bnh 14,8%/nm, in thng phm nm 2007 t 58
t kWh, gp hn nm ln nm 1995, cng sut max tng hn 4 ln, nm 2007 t
hn 11000 MW. Theo xu hng trn, p ng nhu cu cng sut v in nng
cho 20 nm ti, d kin cn xy dng khi lng rt ln ngun, li in trn c 3
min Bc Trung Nam, ngoi ra cn phi nhp khu in t nc ngoi nh Lo,
Trung Quc.
Cng ging nh nhiu nc ang pht trin khc, qu trnh pht trin kinh t
ca Vit Nam s hnh thnh nhng khu vc ph ti tp trung, l trung tm kinh t
vng nh khu vc H Ni v T.P. H Chnh Minh. V l thuyt, cn xy dng cc
ngun in ngay gn nhng trung tm ph ti ny nhm trnh chi ph truyn ti cao
v phn b ti u ngun in. Tuy nhin, vi nhng ro cn k thut, mi trng
khng cho php xy dng nh my in m phi di chuyn ra cc vng cch xa
hng trm km. T pht sinh vn v la chn hnh thc v cp in p truyn
ti va m bo an ton, tin cy, va em li li ch kinh t tt nht.
Xy dng h thng in lin kt a quc gia cng tr thnh xu hng chung
trn th gii nhm khai thc ti u ngun nng lng c gi thnh thp nh thy
in. S dng h thng truyn ti siu cao p 1 chiu s gip cho vic trao i in
nng gia cc h thng in khng ng b nhng chi ph thng cao hn nhiu so
vi truyn ti bng h thng xoay chiu.
ti nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in 1 chiu Vit Nam s
bc u nh gi cc hnh thc truyn ti AC500kV, AC765kV v DC+/-500kV
ng vi cc mc cng sut khc nhau 2 vng tim nng: truyn ti 270km t
Nam Trung B v khu vc TP. H Ch Minh v 450km t Honghe (Vn Nam
Trung Quc) v khu vc H Ni. Kt qu nghin cu s gp phn gip cho cng tc
quy hoch h thng in c ci nhn tng quan hn i vi cc cp in p truyn
ti trong bi cnh ca Vit Nam.
CHNG I.
TNG QUAN V H THNG TRUYN TI

IN MT CHIU V XOAY CHIU
1.1. Lch s pht trin cng ngh truyn ti in

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) pht minh ra in mt chiu, h thng
truyn ti in u tin l h thng dng in mt chiu. Tuy nhin, in p thp,
khng th truyn ti cng sut in 1 chiu i khong cch xa. u th k 20, vi
s pht trin ca cng ngh my bin p v ng c cm ng, truyn ti in xoay
chiu dn tr nn ph bin v l la chn s 1 ca cc quc gia trn ton th gii.
Nm 1929, cc k s ca cng ty ASEA (Allmana Svenska Electriska
Aktiebolaget) Thy in nghin cu v pht trin h h thng Valve h
quang thy ngn iu khin mng li a in cc s dng trong truyn ti in
mt chiu vi cng sut v in p cao. Cc th nghim u tin c tin hnh ti
Thy in v M nm 1930 kim tra hot ng ca cc Valve h quang thy
ngn trong qu trnh chuyn i chiu truyn ti v thay i tn s.
Sau chin tranh th gii ln th 2, nhu cu in nng tng cao khuyn khch
nghin cu truyn ti in mt chiu, nht l khi phi truyn ti cng sut i xa
hoc bt buc phi s dng cp ngm. Nm 1950, ng dy truyn ti mt chiu
th nghim in p 200kV, chiu di 116km c a vo vn hnh, ti in t
Moscow i Kasira (Lin X c). ng dy cao p mt chiu u tin c a
vo vn hnh thng mi nm 1954 ti Thy in, truyn ti 20 MW in p 100
kV, chiu di 98km s dng cp ngm vt bin ni gia o Gotland v t lin.
Cng ngh truyn ti in mt chiu lun gn lin vi cng ngh in t cng
sut. Nhng nm 1960, h thng Valve th rn tr thnh hin thc khi ng dng
Thyristor vo truyn ti in mt chiu. Nm 1972, cc Valves th rn c ng
dng ln u tin Canada ti trm Back to Back Eel River cng sut 320 MW
in p 80kV. in p vn hnh ln nht hin nay ca ng dy truyn ti mt
chiu l 600 kV, truyn ti cng sut 6300 MW t thy in Itaipu i So Paulo
(Brazil), chiu di 796km.
Ngy nay, truyn ti dng in mt chiu in p cao l phn khng th thiu
trong h thng in ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii. Truyn ti in siu cao p mt
chiu lun c cn nhc khi phi ti lng cng sut rt ln i khong cch xa,
lin kt gia cc h thng in khng ng b hoc xy dng cc ng cp in
vt bin. Vi lng cng sut ln, khong cch xa, truyn ti cao p mt
chiu s chim u th v chi ph u t v tn tht truyn ti so vi dng in xoay
chiu 3 pha truyn thng.
Trn th gii c 79 cng trnh truyn ti in 1 chiu c xy dng (trong
c 33 trm Back to Back, 46 ng dy truyn ti), c 6 cng trnh s vn hnh
giai on t nay n nm 2010 (2 d n M, 1 Trung Quc, 1 Na Uy H Lan, 1
Australia v 1 Estonia Phn Lan).
Hin c 14 hng mc ng dy siu cao p 1 chiu 500kV ang vn hnh
trn th gii trong 5 Trung Quc, 3 n , 4 M v Canada. Chiu di
trung bnh ca 1 ng dy l 1174 km, cng sut ti khong t 1500 n 3000
MW.
Danh sch cc d n truyn ti 1 chiu hin nay c trong bng sau:
STT
Tn cng trnh HVDC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
ang xy dng
ESTLINK
BASSLINK
NORNED
THREE GORGES-SHANGHAI
NEPTUNE
MISSION
ang vn hnh
VANCOUVER 1
VOLGOGRAD-DONBASS
SAKUMA
NEW ZEALAND HYBRID
PACIFIC INTERTIE
NELSON RIVER 1
GOTLAND HVDC LIGHT
DIRECTLINK
MURRAYLINK
CROSS SOUND
TROLL
EEL RIVER
VANCOUVER 2
DAVID A. HAMIL
SHIN-SHINANO 1
SQUARE BUTTE
17
18
19
CAHORA-BASSA
C.U.
ACARAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
B
Nm vn
hnh / nng
cp / d b
Kh
nng
ti
(MW)
in p
mt chiu
(kV)
quy m
cng trnh
B-B/
line/cable
(km)
V tr cng trnh
2006
2005
2007
2007
2007
2007
350
500
600
3000
600
150
150
400
500
500
500
21
106
360
580
900
102
B-B
Estonia-Finland
Australia
Norway-Netherlands
China
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
1968
1962
1965/1993
1965/92
1970/84/89/02
1973/93
1999
2000
2002
2002
2004
1972
1977
1977
1977
1977
312
720
300
1240
3100
1854
50
3 X 60
200
330
2 X 40
320
370
100
300
500
260
400
2 X 125
+270/-350
500
+463/-500
60
80
150
150
60
2 X 80
280
50
125
250
74
470
B-B
612
1361
890
70
59
176
40
70
B-B
74
B-B
B-B
749
1978
1979
1981
1920
1128
50
533
411
26
1420
702
B-B
Canada
Russia
Japan
New Zealand
U.S.A.
Canada
Sweden
Australia
Australia
U.S.A.
Norway
Canada
Canada
U.S.A.
Japan
U.S.A.
Mocambique-South
Africa
U.S.A.
Paraguay
STT
Tn cng trnh HVDC
Nm vn
hnh / nng
cp / d b
Kh
nng
ti
(MW)
20
21
INGA-SHABA
EDDY COUNTRY
1982
1983
22
23
24
25
26
27
CHATEAUGUAY
BLACKWATER
HIGHGATE
MADAWASKA
MILES CITY
OKLAUNION
1984
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
BROKEN HILL
CROSS CHANNEL BP 1+2
IPP (INTERMOUNTAIN)
ITAIPU 1
ITAIPU2
URUGUAIANAI
VIRGINIA SMITH
FENNO-SKAN
MeNEILL
SILERU-BARSOOR
VINDHYACHAL
RIHAND-DELHI
SHIN-SHINANO 2
BALTIC CABLE
KONTEK
WELSH
CHANDRAPUR-RAMAGUNDUM
CHANDRAPUR-PADGHE
HAENAM-CHEJU
LEYTE-LUZON
VIZAG 1
MINAMI-FUKUMITZU
KIl CHANNEL
SWEPOL LINK
GRITA
HIGASHI-SHIMIZU
1986
1986
1986
1986
1987
1987
1987
1989
1989
1989
1989
1992
1992
1994
1995
1995
1997
1998
1998
1998
1998
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
54
55
56
MOYLE INTERCONNECTOR
TIAN-GUANG
THAILAND-MALAYSIA
EAST-SOUTH
INTERCONNECTOR
RAPIDCITYTIE
THREE GORGES CHANGZHOU
GUI-GUANG
THREE GORGESGUANGDONG
LAMAR
VIZAG 2
KONTI-SKAN 1 AND 2
2001
2001
2001
40
2000
1920
3150
3150
54
200
572
150
100
500
1500
300
600
600
600
1000
1500
300
440
500
300
1400
600
500
300
2X
250
1800
600
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2005
2005
1965/88/2005
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
560
200
2X
500
200
200
350
200
220
in p
mt chiu
(kV)
500
82
quy m
cng trnh
B-B/
line/cable
(km)
1700
B-B
V tr cng trnh
Zaire
U.S.A.
2 X 140
57
56
140
82
82
2 x 17 (8,3
3)
270
500
600
600
18
50
400
42
200
2 X 69.7
500
125
450
400
162
2 X 205
500
180
350
205
125
250
450
400
125
B-B
B-B
B-B
B-B
B-B
B-B
Canada
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
Canada
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
B-B
71
784
796
796
B-B
B-B
234
B-B
196
B-B
814
B-B
255
171
B-B
B-B
736
101
443
B-B
B-B
102
230
313
B-B
Australia
France-U.K.
U.S.A.
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil-Uruguay
U.S.A.
Finland-Sweden
Canada
India
India
India
Japan
Sweden-Germany
Denmark-Germany
U.S.A.
India
India
South Korea
Philippines
India
Japan
Japan
Sweden-Poland
Greece-Italy
Japan
2 X 250
500
300
64
960
110
Scotland-N.Ireland
China
Thailand-Malaysia
2000
2X100
3000
3000
500
13
500
500
1400
B-B
890
936
3000
211
500
740
500
63
88
285
900
B-B
B-B
150
India
U.S.A.
China
China
China
U.S.A.
India
Denmark-Sweden
STT
Tn cng trnh HVDC
65
66
67
68
SACOI
SKAGERRAK 1-3
NELSON RIVER 2
HOKKAIDO-HONSHU
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
1
2
3
VYBORG
GOTLAND Il-Ill
QUEBEC-NEW ENGLAND
GESHA
GARABI 1&2
RIVERA
SASARAM
d b
KINGSNORTH
DUERNROHR 1
ETZENRIHT
VIENNA SOUTH-EAST
Nm vn
hnh / nng
cp / d b
1967/85/93
1976/77/93
1978/85
1979/80/93
Kh
nng
ti
(MW)
in p
mt chiu
(kV)
V tr cng trnh
2002
300
1050
2000
600
4X
355
260
2250
1200
2000
70
500
1972/1987
1983/1997
1993/1997
640
550
600
145
160
82
B-B
B-B
England
Austria-Czech
Germany-Czech
1993/1997
600
145
B-B
Austria-Hungary
1981/82/84/02
1983/87
1986/90/92
1989/90
2000/02
200
250/350
500
250
1 X 170
(85)
150
500
500
70
quy m
cng trnh
B-B/
line/cable
(km)
385
240
940
167
Italy-Corsica-Sardinia
Norway-Denmark
Canada
Japan
205
B-B
98
1500
1046
B-B
B-B
B-B
Russia-Finland
Sweden
Canada-U.S.A.
China
Argentina-Brazil
Uruguay
India
* Ngun: Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Fink, Donal G.- McGrawHill Pro. Publishing, 2006, page1015.
* Ch thch: B-B:trm Back to Back.
1.2. Cc thnh tu mi t c ca cng ngh truyn

ti in.
T nhng nm 1980s tr li y, s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh lm
cho cng ngh truyn ti in c nhng bc tin vt bc.
*) Cng ngh siu dn:
Cng ngh siu dn nhit cao (High-temperature superconducting
technology - HTS) ang c xu hng pht trin nhanh chng. Dy dn s dng vt
liu siu dn chu nhit c th cho php dn dng ln gp 2-3 ln dy dn thng.
Vt liu siu dn hin c s dng trong cp in, in p ln n 138kV. Cp
in siu dn (HTS-cable) pht trin n th h th 3 (bi cng ty American
Superconductor AMSC, U.S.). ng dy cp siu dn di nht hin nay l 600
m, in p 138 kV, ti 574 MVA gia trm Holbrook vi h thng in o Long
Island Power Authoritys system (USA), d kin vn hnh nm 2008.
Cc ng dy trn khng s dng dy nhm li composite c th thay th
dy nhm li thp thng thng nhng cng sut truyn ti gp 2 ln, rt ph hp
10
cho vic ci to h thng truyn ti in trong cc thnh ph ln v nhng ni hn

ch v hnh lang tuyn.
*) Xu hng thu nh quy m h thng in
khu vc Bc M, tng cng sut h thng lin kt pha ng l 600.000
MW, cng sut h thng lin kt pha Ty l 130.000 MW. Khi mt pha b s c r
li s c nhiu kh nng lan truyn sang pha bn kia. Hin ang c xu hng chia
h thng ln thnh cc h thng in nh hn, gip cho vic qun l vn hnh tt
hn. Cc h thng nh s lin kt vi nhau bng cc ng dy cao p 1 chiu
(HVDC) hoc qua cc trm chuyn i Back-to-Back. i vi nc M, chi ph
cho vic ny vo khong 8 n 10 t USD (theo nghin cu ca hi ng hp tc
nng lng ng Bc), nu so vi s c r li nm 2003 gy thit hi c tnh 6
t USD th d n trn rt ng quan tm, nht l khi s pht trin ca cng ngh
in t cng sut ang lm gim gi thnh ca h thng truyn ti 1 chiu (HVDC)
v h thng truyn ti xoay chiu linh hot (FACTS).
Hin nay, cng ty ABB Thy S pht trin thnh cng h thng truyn ti
in mt chiu quy m nh c khong vi chc MW (HVDC Light) vi chi ph c
th chp nhn c. H thng HVDC Light s dng cng ngh Transitor 2 cc
cng cch ly (IGBT) c chi ph thp hn nhiu so vi vic s dng Thyristor truyn
thng. Cng ngh IGBT cn s dng trong cc trm chuyn i c vai tr nh
ngun p (Voltage source converter), gip gim cc s c ca h thng xoay chiu
nh dao ng in p, sng hi, b cng sut phn khng, Cng ngh HVDC
Light c ng dng M (ng cp vt bin di 40km 330 MW ni
Connecticut vi Long Island), Australia ( 180km 200 MW ni Murray Link vi
min Nam), lin kt M v Mexico (trm Back-to-Back 36 MW).
*) My bin i tn s (gi tt l my bin tn quay) - VFT
Hng GE Energy (Atlanta, US), pht trin my bin tn VFT variable
frequency transformer c kh nng thay i tn s v gc pha in p mt cch
lin tc. Cng vi ng dng ca HVDC, my bin tn quay c th s dng lin
kt 2 h thng in khng ng b. Hin my bin tn quay ang c s dng
lin kt 2 h thng in khng ng b, 1 ti Qubec (Canada) v 1 ti Laredo
(Texas).
11
Ngoi lin kt cc h thng khng ng b, hin my bin tn quay ang pht

trin cng ngh ng dng truyn ti cng sut gia cc h thng in ng b, trong
trng hp ny, VFT ng vai tr nh b iu chnh gc pha, c s dng ln
u tin ti h thng lin kt gia Pennsylvania vi trung tm New York, cng sut
300 MW. Ba gi d n khc vi tng cng sut 900 MW ang c thc hin ni
gia Linden (New Jersey) vi New York (vn hnh 2009).
*) ng dng ETO-Thyristor trong FACTS and HVDC
Phng th nghim Sandia National Lab. (U.S.) pht trin thnh cng loi
ETO Thyristor (Emitter turnoff Thyristor), c kh nng phn ng nhanh (5kHz),
chu c dng ln (4kA) v in p cao (6kV), nhng c gi thnh thp hn nhiu
so vi Thyristor thng thng. y s l loi Thyristor l tng cho h thng iu
khin FACTS v cc b chuyn i HVDC. ETO-Thyristor hin ang c pht
trin trong cc b b tnh (STATCOM), ng vai tr nh nhng b hp thu s c
li in (Grid shock Absorber).
*) iu khin dng s c
Cng vi s gia tng ca quy m h thng in, dng ngn mch cng tng
ln, dn n yu cu cn phi thay th thit b ang vn hnh. iu ny i hi chi
ph ln. C mt cch khc khng phi nng cp thay th thit b, l s dng
cc B gii hn dng s c - Fault current limiter (FCL) l s phi hp hot ng
gia cun dy cm khng thp v cp siu dn chu nhit (High-Temperature
Superconductor cable- HTS cable). Cc b gii hn dng s c ang c lp t
th nghim ti M v Nht Bn.
Cc cng ty sn xut vt liu in siu dn ca M cng ang pht trin loi
cp in s dng b n nh tr khng cao (high-Resistance stabilizer cable). Loi
cp ny c c im, khi trng thi bnh thng, dng in c chy trong lp
vt liu siu dn HTS, nhng khi xy ra s c, lp tr khng cao s hot ng v
cch ly s c, khi ht s c, lp siu dn li hot ng bnh thng.
Nhn chung, s pht trin ca cng ngh in t cng sut c nh hng rt
ln ti cng ngh truyn ti in v quan im truyn ti. Truyn ti in 1 chiu
ang dn c ch v nhng u im trong cch ly s c xoay chiu, lin kt cc
h thng in khng ng b, kh nng ti cng sut ln, t hnh lang tuyn v chi
ph u t ngy cng gim.
12
*) Nhng n lc pht trin trong truyn ti in siu cao p 1 chiu v xoay

chiu:
Hin nay, cng ngh truyn ti in xoay chiu ti 800 kV c lm ch
vi 25 nm kinh nghim, v v nguyn tc, khng cn ro cn k thut no. Cng
ngh truyn ti mt chiu +/- 600 kV cng c lm ch (kinh nghim trn 20
nm), ring cp in p trn +/- 600 kV th cn c pht trin thm, ch yu l th
nghim thit b trong trm chuyn i. Cn i vi ng dy ti in, cc thng s
thit k cho c 2 loi truyn ti hon ton xc nh. Theo thng k, nu lm
quyt lit th mt h thng truyn ti siu cao p 1 chiu +/- 600 kV c th hon
thnh thit k trong 3 nm, cn 1 h thng EHVAC c th thit k xong trong 1
nm.
1.3. Cc yu cu k thut chnh ca tryn ti in siu

cao p mt chiu
1.3.1. Thnh phn c bn
Thnh phn khng th thiu ca b chuyn i cng sut in cao p mt
chiu (HVDC) l Valve. Nu Valve c cu to t mt hoc nhiu diodes cng
sut mc ni tip th gi l Valve khng iu khin c, nu c cu to t chui
thyristor th gi l Valve iu khin c.
K hiu valve theo IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) nh hnh
v sau:
Valve khng iu khin c
Valve iu khin c
(cu to t Diode)
(cu to t Thyristor)
13
Cu chnh lu khng iu khin c
Cu chnh lu iu khin c
Hnh : 1: K hiu cc Valve v cu chnh lu
Cu chnh lu tiu chun gm 6 valve xp thnh 2 dy c minh ha nh

hnh sau:
Hnh : 2: Cu hnh c bn mch chuyn i gm nhm van 6 xung ni vi MBA u Yo/Y
Hu ht cc h thng chuyn i cng sut cao p 1 chiu s dng Thyristor

u dng cu hnh cu chnh lu 12 xung.
14
Hnh : 3: Cu hnh chnh lu 12 xung, s dng 2 MBA u Yo/Y v Yo/D
Trong cu hnh trn, in p xoay chiu ln lt cp cho nhm Valves 6 xung,

tng hp li, ta c nhm valve chnh lu 12 xung lch pha nhau 300, lm trit tiu
cc dng in th t 5 v th t 7 pha xoay chiu, th t 6 pha 1 chiu, lm gim
chi ph cho b lc sng hi 2 pha xoay chiu v mt chiu so vi b chnh lu 6
xung.
Nhn vo hnh 3, i vi cc trm chuyn i s dng cu hnh chnh lu 12
xung, ta c 3 nhm, mi nhm gm 4 Valves theo chiu thng ng. Mi nhm 4
Valves ny c mc ni tip, xp thnh 1 khi thng ng. in p lm vic ca
mi Thyristor hin nay vo khong vi kV (<10kV), c in p mt chiu
+500kV, cn hng trm Thyristor mc ni tip. Nhm 4 Valves trong cc trm
chuyn i in p siu cao thng c chiu cao ln, c gn ln trn nh, nht l
nhng ni hay xy ra ng t.
Thyristor Module (hoc Valve module)
Thyristor Module c cu to gm mt chui Thyristor mc ni tip v cc
ph kin i km nh: h thng lm mt bng khng kh, nc hay glycol, cc mch
cn du (damping circuits) v h thng pht xung kch hot. Mi Thyristor module
c th c tho lp bo dng hoc thay th. Nhiu Thyristor Modules s to
thnh 1 Valve, hoc nhm 4 Valve trong cu chnh lu 12 xung.
15
Hnh : 4: Thnh phn ca mt Thyristor Module
1.3.2. Trm chuyn i

Thit b trung tm ca trm chuyn i mt chiu l b chuyn i Thyristor,
thng c t trong nh (Valve hall). Cc thnh phn khc ca mt trm chuyn
i AC DC (hoc DC AC) c th hin trong hnh sau:
Hnh : 5: Cu hnh c bn trm chuyn i AC - DC
16
Trong cu hnh trm nh trn, pha u ra mt chiu gm 2 cc (bipole), dng

v qua t (ground return). ch bnh thng, dng 2 cc bng nhau, dng qua
t l tng hp ca 2 dng bng nhau, ngc chiu nn b trit tiu. Trong mt s
trng hp (vd. s c 1 mch), trm ch c mt cc pha D.C. (monopole), dng v
c th qua t hoc s dng ng ring (c th dng v cp bc kim loi).
Thnh phn quan trng th 2 l my bin p chuyn i, c nhim v bin i
in p t h thng xoay chiu sang pha mt chiu sao cho cc cu chnh lu s
cung cp in p u ra mt chiu chun (v d 500kV). i vi cc trm cng
sut ln, my bin p chuyn i thng s dng loi 1 pha nhm tit kim chi ph
m vn t tin cy cao (do ch cn mt MBA mt pha lm d phng).
Cun th cp ca MBA chuyn i c ni vi h thng cu chnh lu.
MBA chuyn i thng t trong sn phn phi ngoi tri, cn h thng cu chnh
lu li c t trong nh, do cn c c cu u ni xuyn qua tng. C 2
trng hp sau: trng hp 1, u ni bng cc thanh ci cch in bi kh SF6 khi
kh SF6 c s dng lm cht cch in trong trm (trm GIS); trng hp 2, u
ni qua ng dn xuyn tng (Wall Bushing). Khi in p pha mt chiu khong
400kV tr ln th ng ng u ni cn c thit k cn thn nhm trnh cc
hng hc hoc ph hu cch in t bn trong.
Thnh phn quan trng th 3 l cc b lc sng hi pha xoay chiu v mt
chiu.
Sng hi pht ra pha xoay chiu i vi chnh lu 6 xung c bc 6n1, vi
chnh lu 12 xung l 12n1, n= 1, 2, 3, Thng thng, i vi b chnh lu 12
xung, b lc pha xoay chiu cng hng sng hi bc 11, 13, 23, 25. i vi
chnh lu 6 xung th cn c b lc sng hi bc 5 v 7. Cc b lc sng hi pha
xoay chiu c th c ng m thng qua my ct iu chnh cng sut phn
khng ph hp vi yu cu h thng, nguyn nhn do cc b lc ny pht cng sut
phn khng tn s c bn (50Hz).
Mt mch in cng hng song song thng c sinh ra mt cch t nhin
bi in dung ca cc b lc xoay chiu v tr khng cm ng ca h thng xoay
chiu. Trong trng hp c bit, mch ny cng hng tn s gia sng hi th
t 2 v th t 4, th cn thit c mt b lc sng hi th t thp (sng hi th t 2
hoc th t 3).
17
Cc sng hi in p pha mt chiu pht ra bi b chnh lu 6 xung c bc

th t 6n, pht ra bi b chnh lu 12 xung c bc th t 12n, n = 1, 2, 3, Cc b
lc pha mt chiu lm gim sng hi trn ng dy truyn ti nhm gim thiu
nhiu i vi sng radio v thng tin lin lc. Trong trng hp khng c ng
dy truyn ti 1 chiu (vd: trm Back to Back) th khng cn cc b lc pha mt
chiu.
mi cc ca trm chuyn i thng c cun cm 1 chiu (D.C. reactor), c
tc dng h tr cc b lc mt chiu trong vic lc cc sng hi dng in v l
phng dng in mt chiu, ngn ch dng khng lin tc khi vn hnh vi
dng ti thp. Do h s bin i ca dng 1 chiu b gii hn bi cun cn nn qu
trnh chuyn mch ca b chnh lu khng cn iu chnh tinh.
Cc b chng st c s dng nhiu trong trm chuyn i: lp song song
vi mi Valve, mc song song vi mi cu chnh lu v lp trong sn phn phi
mt chiu, xoay chiu. Cc chng st s phi hp hot ng vi nhau bo v qu
in p cho thit b trong mi tnh hung. Cc b lc sng hi cng cn c bo v
qu p bng chng st van. Cc trm chuyn i siu cao p mt chiu hin i
thng dng chng st Oxit kim loi (Metal-Oxide Arester), cc thng s ca chng
st c tnh ton chn la, phi hp cch in rt cn thn.
1.3.3. Cc kiu truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu

a) Cu hnh ng dy v trm chuyn i:
Cn c vo hiu qu ti u trong tng trng hp c th, cc cu chnh lu
HVDC v ng dy truyn ti c th c la chn xp xp theo 1 trong 2 cu
hnh: n cc v lng cc (m dng).
Cu hnh n cc (monopolar configuration):
Hnh : 6 : Cu hnh n cc, s dng b chnh lu 12 xung
18
Trong s n cc, ch cn 1 ng dy dn in ni gia 2 trm chuyn

i, dng v qua t. Mi ng dy trn khng 500kV DC hin nay c kh nng
ti 1500 MW. S ny c u im gn nh, chi ph ng dy t, c th m rng
sang cu hnh 2 cc, tuy nhin, s n cc c tin cy cung cp in khng
cao.
Cu hnh lng cc (bipolar configuration):
Hnh : 7: Cu hnh lng cc, s dng b chnh lu 12 xung.
Trong cu hnh lng cc (hai cc m dng), cc trm chuyn i c

ni vi nhau bi 2 dy dn c in th tri du, im trung tnh c ni t. cp
in p 500 kV, kh nng ti ca ng dy trn khng mt chiu hin nay
khong 3000 MW. u im ca cu hnh ny l tnh ph bin, c tin cy cung
cp in cao, cng sut truyn ti ln. Hu ht cc ng dy truyn ti 1 chiu
hin nay u l ng dy lng cc, khi s c 1 mch th h thng hot ng nh
cu hnh n cc, dng v qua t. Nhc im l chi ph xy dng ng dy v
trm chuyn i cao hn cu hnh n cc.
T 2 cu hnh c bn trn, c cc kiu u ni h thng truyn ti in mt
chiu nh sau:
1- Trm Back-to-Back: s dng khi 2 h thng xoay chiu c u ni vi
nhau cng mt a im, khng cn ng dy truyn ti gia cc cu
chnh lu nghch lu, c th dng cu hnh n cc hoc lng cc. Trm
Back-to-Back thng ng dng khi u ni 2 h thng in khc tn s c
19
bn, hoc cc h thng in khng ng b. V cc b bin i nm tp trung

nn thun li cho vic iu khin bo dng thit b.
2- Kiu truyn ti gia 2 trm: c s dng khi phng n xy dng ng
dy truyn ti cao p 1 chiu t ra kinh t nht khi u ni 2 trm chuyn i
2 v tr cch xa nhau. y l kiu truyn ti 1 chiu ph bin nht hin nay.
Mi mch ng dy mt chiu 500 kV (2 cc bipole) c kh nng ti
khong 3000 MW, thng thng s dng ng dy trn khng, ti lng
cng sut ln i khong cch rt xa.
Cc ng cp ngm cao p mt chiu thng dng truyn ti in qua
bin. Loi cp ph bin nht l cp du (oil-filled cable) v cp c (solid
cable). Trong nhiu trng hp, cp c s kinh t hn v cht cch in
c cu to t cc lp giy tm du c nht cao. Ngy nay c th thit
k cho cp c su khong 1000m v khng gp gii hn v khong
cch. Loi cp du c cht cch in l du c nht thp in y trong
cp v lun lm vic vi 1 p sut nht nh. Khong cch ln nht cho loi
cp du khong 60 km.
3- Kiu truyn ti gia nhiu trm: Khi c t 3 trm chuyn i tr ln cc v
tr a l khc nhau u vo cng mt h thng 1 chiu, c th u ni tip
hoc song song. Khi tt c cc trm c cng in p u ni th gi l kiu
u song song, s dng khi cng sut trm ln hn 10% tng cng sut trm
chnh lu. Nu mt hoc nhiu b chuyn i c u ni tip vo mt hay
c 2 cc th ta c kiu u ni tip, ng dng khi cng sut trm nh hn
10% tng cng sut trm chnh lu. Chi ph dnh cho cc trm thm vo l
rt ln, do kiu truyn ti nhiu trm rt kh t c cc ch tiu kinh t.
4- Kiu ni b t my: h thng truyn ti 1 chiu c u ni vo ngay u
ra ca my pht in, thch hp vi cc my pht thy in v tua bin gi v
c th t hiu sut cao nht. in nng xoay chiu nhn c pha nghch
lu s c tn s c bn 50 Hz (hoc 60 Hz) khng ph thuc vo tc
tuabin.
5- Kiu chnh lu Diode: ng dng khi cng sut in 1 chiu ch truyn theo 1
hng duy nht, h thng Valve chnh lu ch cn dng Diode thay v
Thyristor, cng sut truyn ti s c iu khin pha Nghch lu, c bit
20
c li i vi kiu ni b t my pht v c th iu khin dng cng sut

da vo iu khin in p xoay chiu thng qua h thng kch t my pht.
Kiu u ni ny cn s dng loi my ct xoay chiu tc cao gia my
pht v b chnh lu bo v qu dng cho Diode khi c ngn mch trn
ng dy 1 chiu.
Hnh : 8 : Cc kiu u ni h thng truyn ti in 1 chiu
1.3.4. Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng truyn ti in

1 chiu
Hnh : 9: hnh dng sng in p v dng in trong qu trnh chuyn i
Hnh 9 l s c bn ca b chuyn i dng cu chnh lu nghch lu 6

xung s dng Thyristor. Cu chnh lu v nghch lu c cu to ging nhau, pha
21
chnh lu cho php dng cng sut i t pha xoay chiu (A.C.) sang pha 1 chiu
(D.C.), pha nghch lu th cho php i t pha D.C. sang pha A.C. Cc b chuyn
i cng sut c ch lm vic khc nhau gc m , b chnh lu lm vic vi
gc 00 < < 900, b nghch lu lm vic vi gc 900 < < 1800. Cc Valves
Thyristor lm vic nh nhng chic kha ng m, n s m v dn dng khi c
xung kch hot vo cc iu khin (pulse gate) v ng thi c t in p thun
ln 2 cc (Ant + Katt-). Mi Thyristor ch dn dng theo 1 chiu duy nht, n ch
kha khi c t mt in p ngc ln 2 cc A-K v dng v 0.
Mt c tnh quan trng ca cc Valves Thyristor l khi dng in qua valve
gim bng 0 ng thi in p ngc t ln Thyristor v khng c xung iu khin
(thyristor b kha), nu tc tng in p thun qu ln s dn ti vic Thyristor
m v dn dng khng mong mun. Do , thit k cc Valves Thyristor v cu
chuyn i cn trnh trng hp trn (t cc bo v chng st).
Qu trnh chuyn mch:
Qu trnh chnh lu v nghch lu ca cc b chuyn i cng sut cao p 1
chiu da trn qu trnh chuyn mch t nhin (natural commutation). Cc Valves
hot ng nh nhng thit b chuyn mch sao cho in p xoay chiu u vo
(A.C.) ln lt c ng m c u ra l in p 1 chiu. ng thi vi qu
trnh chuyn mch ca b chuyn i, 2 u ra trm nghch lu u ni vo h
thng A.C. phi l in p xoay chiu 3 pha sch (khng c sng hi). Khi mt
Valve c m, n s bt u dn dng trong khi valve tip theo c dng gim dn
v 0 v ng. Trong qu trnh chuyn mch, dng in s ln lt chy qua ng
thi 2 Valves xc nh.
Qu trnh chnh lu: mi Valve s m khi n nhn c xung kch hot
cng G (gate) v in p thun t ln n ln hn in p thun ca Valve ang
dn. Dng in chy qua valve khng th thay i t ngt v s chuyn mch phi
qua cun dy my bin p. in khng ca cun dy my bin p ng vai tr l
in khng chuyn mch. Gi tr in khng chuyn mch ti b chnh lu v
nghch lu c m phng bi in khng Xc trong hnh 9. Tng hp cc dng qua
Valve s c chuyn sang pha D.C. v chy qua cun khng pha mt chiu
(khng san phng). Khng san phng v khng chuyn mch trong MBA s san
phng dng in mt chiu u ra ca b chnh lu.
22
Qu trnh nghch lu: h thng in xoay chiu 3 pha ca li in sau

MBA s cung cp in p xoay chiu 3 pha t ln cc Valve ca b nghch lu.
in p xoay chiu ny s t ln Thyristor cc in p thun v in p nghch,
gy ra qu trnh chuyn mch gia cc Valve ging nh l pha chnh lu. iu
kin cc Valves m v dn dng l gi tr tuyt i ca in p trn dng dy 1
chiu phi ln hn tr s tuyt i ca tr trung bnh in p chuyn mch pha
nghch lu.
Trong qu trnh chuyn mch, dng in khng phi hnh Sin s c sinh ra
b chnh lu (Ivr), ng thi dng khng hnh Sin cng s cung cp cho h thng
xoay chiu pha nghch lu (Ivi). C Ivr v Ivi u chm pha hn so vi in p
xoay chiu. Cc dng in khng Sin ny gm c dng sng tn s c bn v cc
sng hi c tn s cao hn. Cc sng hi cn phi c loi b khi vo h thng
in xoay chiu. iu ny c thc hin nh cc cc b lc pha xoay chiu, cho
php in p ra hu nh khng c sng hi (ULr, ULi).
i vi ng dy lin kt 1 chiu s dng phng thc chuyn mch t
nhin th dng cng sut ch c th truyn theo 1 hng cng vi hng ca dng
in. Cc Valves ch cho php dn dng theo 1 chiu nht nh. Hng cng sut
ch c th i chiu khi thay i cc tnh ca in p 1 chiu. c phng thc
vn hnh trao i cng sut theo 2 chiu (tc l chuyn i vai tr ca b chnh lu
v nghch lu) th cn tc ng vo h thng iu khin xung kch hot Valves c
2 u chnh lu nghch lu.
Mt s i lng c trng cho s hot ng ca Valves:
-
: gc m, l i lng o bng gc in, din t thi gian t lc in p chuyn

mch hnh sin vt qua gi tr 0 cho n khi Thyristor dn dng.
: gc kha, l i lng o bng gc in, din t thi gian t khi Thyristor

dn dng cho n khi in p chuyn mch t gi tr 0. = 180-.
: gc trng dn, l i lng o bng gc in, din t thi gian khi 2 Valves
cng dn.
: gc tt, l i lng o bng gc in, din t thi gian t khi kt thc dn

dng n khi in p chuyn mch t gi tr 0. = - .
23
1.3.5. u nhc im ca h thng truyn ti in cao

p 1 chiu
Cc yu t khc nhau trong xy dng, thit k, vn hnh h thng siu cao p
mt chiu v xoay chiu s c phn tch k trong chng II, di y xin trnh
by nhng l do chnh dn n quyt nh la chn h thng truyn ti cao p mt
chiu thay v s dng h thng xoay chiu.
a) L do kinh t:
-
Sut u t cho ng dy truyn ti 1 chiu thp hn xoay chiu do thit k ct

ca ng dy 1 chiu gn nh hn. Thng thng khi tnh ton kinh t i vi
cc d n truyn ti trn th gii, sut u t cho ng dy DC bng 0.8 ln
ng dy AC cng in p, s mch.
Hnh lang tuyn ca ng dy HVDC nh hn HVAC: Do thit k ct gn nh

hn, s mch t hn v nh hng ca in trng tnh n sc khe con ngi
tng t nh t trng tri t v khng cn c tnh ton k nh ng dy
xoay chiu nn hnh lang tuyn ca ng dy DC nh gn hn AC, chi ph cho
n b, gii phng mt bng thp hn.
Tn tht cng sut trn ng dy truyn ti ca h thng DC thp hn AC cng

in p. Theo tnh ton ca chng VI th tn tht ca ng dy DC ch bng
80% ng dy AC khi truyn ti cng cng sut, khong cch. iu ny dn
n chi ph tn tht in nng ca h thng HVDC thp hn HVAC.
Chi ph u t cho trm chuyn i AC-DC v DC-AC cao hn rt nhiu so vi

chi ph xy dng trm bin p xoay chiu, chi ph ny cn c b p bi chi
ph gim c ca ng dy 1 chiu v tn tht in nng. Khong cch cng
di th truyn ti 1 chiu cng c li, t xut hin mt im cn bng, ti 2
h thng DC v AC c tng chi ph tng ng. im cn bng thng c
tnh theo chiu di v c khong cch t 600-800 km. i vi h thng HVDC
s dng cp vt bin th khong cch ca im cn bng ngn hn nhiu so vi
ng dy trn khng.
b) L do k thut:
24
ng dy siu cao p mt chiu khng c cng sut phn khng, ch truyn ti

cng sut tc dng nn khng gp cc vn v qu in p trn ng dy di
nh h thng xoay chiu.
Lin kt 2 h thng khng ng b: H thng HVDC c th gip trao i cng

sut gia cc h thng in khc nhau v tn s, iu vn hnh, thm ch c
th lin kt gia h thng in mnh vi h thng in yu hn nhiu m khng
lm nh hng n nhau.
i vi nhng ng cp bin c chiu di trn 50km th truyn ti bng ng

cp xoay chiu l khng kh thi, trong khi , cp HVDC c th truyn ti hng
trm km (ln n 600km).
H thng HVDC c kh nng cch ly s c r li v tng n nh h thng

in. S c r li nm 2003 Bc M gy hu qu rt nghim trng, gy mt
in trn din rng v ch dng li khi gp ng dy mt chiu lin kt vi
Canada. Nhiu h thng HVDC c kh nng pht ra cng sut phn khng c
lp vi cng sut tc dng, do c tc dng nh ngun p, c th cp in cc
b cho nhng h thng in yu, tng n nh h thng in.
Cc nhc im v mt k thut ca h thng HVDC ch yu lin quan n vn

x l sng hi kh phc tp, nu khng c lc tt c th nh hng n
hot ng ca cc my in xoay chiu, gy nhiu sng thng tin lin lc.
1.3.6. Mt s h thng truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu

trn th gii
a) HVDC+/-600kV Itaipu (Paraguay) Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Cho n thi im ny, y l h thng truyn ti in 1 chiu vn hnh in
p cao nht th gii (+/-600kV) ni thy in Itaipu 12600 MW (Paraguay) vi
thnh ph Sao Paulo (Brazil) thng qua 4 mch DC (2 mch kp). H thng ny
hin thuc quyn s hu ca Furnas Centrais Eltricas S.A. (Brazil). Pha 1 l ng
dy mch kp vn hnh cp 300kV nm 1984 v nng ln 600kV nm 1985. Pha
2 l ng dy mch kp cn li vn hnh nm 1987. Ban u, trm chuyn i
c vn hnh vi cng sut dng bc thang sao cho tng ng vi cc giai on
lp my ca NM Thy in.
25
Hnh : 10: Bn v tr tuyn HVDC +/- 600kV Itaipu - Sao Paulo
Mt s thng s k thut:
-
Nm vn hnh: 1984-1987.
Cng sut truyn ti: 3150 (mch 1) + 3150 (mch 2) = 6300 MW.
in p 1 chiu: +/- 600 kV.
Chiu di ng dy trn khng: 785 km + 805 km.
L do chnh la chn HVDC: Khong cch ln, 2 h thng in khc tn s

(my pht ti Itaipu c tn s 50Hz, ni nhn Sao Paulo c tn s 60Hz).
Lng cng sut cn li 6300 MW ca T Itaipu c truyn ti v Sao Paulo
bng 3 mch ng dy xoay chiu 750 kV.
26
b) HVDC 350kV Leyte Luzon, Philipines
Hnh : 11: Bn v tr tuyn HVDC 350kV Leyte - Luzon, Philipines
Di s qun l ca tp on in lc quc gia, ng dy HVDC 350kV

truyn ti cng sut 440 MW t nh my a nhit trn o Leyte ti pha nam o
Luzon lin kt vi h thng xoay chiu. Ngoi cung cp cng sut cho h thng
in chnh ca Philipines, ng dy HVDC cn tng cng n nh h thng in
xoay chiu. H thng HVDC ny vn hnh 10/08/1998.
Mt s thng s c bn:
-
Cng sut truyn ti: 440 MW.
in p 1 chiu: 350 kV.
Chiu di ng dy trn khng: 430 km.
Chiu di cp bin: 21 km.
27
c) HVDC +/-500kV Rihand Delhi, n
Hnh : 12: Bn v tr tuyn HVDC +/- 500kV Riland - Delhi, n
Tp on nhit in quc gia n xy dng mt nh my nhit in chy

than cng sut 3000 MW ti qun Sonebhadra thuc bang Uttar Pradesh, gi tn l
trung tm nhit in Rihand. Mt phn cng sut Rihand c truyn v Delhi
bng ng dy mt chiu lng cc, cng sut 1500 MW in p +/- 500kV. Phn
cn li c pht ln li xoay chiu 400kV.
C nhiu l do la chn h thng HVDC +/-500kV thay v AC400kV,
nhng nhng l do chnh l: li ch kinh t tt nht, mt t hnh lang tuyn, tn tht
truyn ti thp hn, n nh h thng in v kh nng iu khin tt hn.
Mt s thng s k thut:
-
Nm vn hnh: 1990.
Cng sut truyn ti: 1500 MW.
in p truyn ti: +/- 500 kV.
Chiu di ng dy trn khng: 814 km.
L do la chn HVDC: chiu di ln, n nh h thng in.
28
Hnh : 13: Bn v tr mt s d n HVDC trn th gii
29
CHNG II.
Cc yu t nh hng n chi ph u t
h thng truyn ti in.
2.1. + nh hng ca cng sut v khong cch truyn

ti.
Chi ph u t cho h thng truyn ti in chu s nh hng chnh ca 2
kha cnh: in v c kh. C hai yu t ny c mi quan h mt thit, quyt nh
n thit k h thng truyn ti.
Trong phn in, cng sut truyn ti s quyt nh n s la chn in p,
s mch ng dy, hay ni cch khc, nh hng rt ln n chi ph u t. Ngoi
ra cn c cc yu t in khc l cng sut ti s c, b cng sut phn khng ca
ng dy xoay chiu.
Tn tht cng sut nh hng ln n chi ph vn hnh, do , thng c
ti u ha khi la chn tit din dy dn trong mt cp in p truyn ti cho trc.
Thit k cch in c xc nh bi cp in p truyn ti, cc quy nh v
khong cch an ton, iu kin mi trng kh hu v cht lng vt liu cch in.
Cp cch in nh hng chnh n chi ph u t cho xy dng ct in.
Hin tng phng in vng quang nh hng chnh n cu trc phn pha
ca dy dn, do lin quan n thit k chu lc ca ct (trng lng dy dn, ti
trng gi, bng tuyt). Ngoi ra, bt k nhng quy nh, rng buc no v cng
in trng ti mt t cng nh hng n thit k ct, v tr cc pha v chi ph
gii ta, n b cho hnh lang tuyn.
Tm li, i vi vi phn c kh, chi ph u t cho ct in, cch in v dy
dn ph thuc ch yu vo cu trc phn pha ca dy dn trong iu khin mi
trng nht nh.
Cng sut truyn ti:
Cng sut truyn ti ca ng dy siu cao p xoay chiu b gii hn bi s
tiu th cng sut phn khng ca in cm ng dy. Khi cng sut ti ln hn
cng sut t nhin, cng sut cm khng ca ng dy s vt qu cng sut dung
khng pht ra bi in dung ng dy. Ngi ta thng lp thm cc b t b dc
ng dy tng kh nng ti ln ti 150-200% cng sut t nhin ca ng dy.
30
Cng sut gii hn v nhit thng khng quyt nh ti cng sut ti cho cc
ng dy di siu cao p xoay chiu, m ch yu l do gii hn v s tiu th cng
sut phn khng. Cng sut ti s c ph thuc vo nhit cho php ca dy dn
v cc rng buc v cng sut phn khng. Yu cu v cng sut ti s c c
quyt nh bi s mch song song.
Trong khi , i vi ng dy siu cao p 1 chiu, cng sut truyn ti b
gii hn ch yu bi nhit cho php dy dn trong iu kin vn hnh bnh
thng. Cng sut ti s c cng c quyt nh bi s mch v nhit cho php
ca ng dy trong trng hp vn hnh s c.
Nh vy, trn quan im cng sut truyn ti, khi so snh gia truyn ti siu
cao p 1 chiu v xoay chiu, truyn ti 1 chiu ch b gii hn chnh bi cng sut
nhit do khng c cng sut phn khng trn ng dy truyn ti.
Xc nh s mch ng dy truyn ti:
V c bn, s mch ng dy truyn ti c xc nh bi cng sut v in
p truyn ti. Bng sau m t yu cu v s mch truyn ti i vi lng cng sut
8 GW v 12 GW:
H thng
truyn ti
EHVAC
HVDC
in p
k/c phn
pha
kV
800
1000
+/- 600
+/- 800
mm
5 x 35
8 x 35
3 x 50
5 x 50
Gii hn
nhit
ng
dy
GW
7.5
15
8
17.7
Gii hn
nhit
ca trm
Cng sut
t nhin
1.5*CS t
nhin
S mch yu cu
GW
5.5
6.9
5.8
5.8
GW
2.5
4.3
khng c
khng c
GW
3.8
6.5
khng c
khng c
8 GW
4
3
2
2
12 GW
5
3
3
3
* Ngun: Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Fink, Donal G.- McGrawHill Pro. Publishing, 2006, page1048.
S mch ng dy truyn ti ph thuc cc yu t sau:

-
Vn hnh s c: thng c xc nh theo tiu ch N-1, khi mt ng dy

siu cao p xoay chiu hoc 1 chiu khng lm vic.
Gii hn nhit: 1.5 A/mm2 i vi dy dn.
Gii hn nhit 4 kA i vi cc thit b trong trm ca h thng EHVAC. i

vi h thng HVDC, cp in p 420 kV pha xoay chiu th gii hn nhit
cho mi cc l 2.9 GW, cp 500kV l 3.4 GW/cc.
31
Ph ti ca ng dy EHVAC khng vt qu cng sut t nhin (SIL) trong

iu kin bnh thng, v khng qu 150 % SIL trong ch s c.
Tn tht trn ng dy:
S la chn thit k h thng truyn ti EHVAC v HVDC s c ti u ha
gia chi ph u t cho ng dy, trm v tn tht truyn ti.

i vi ng dy siu cao p xoay chiu, tn tht cng sut tc dng c
xc nh bi tit din ngang ca dy dn. Tn tht vng quang xoay chiu cng l
yu t quan trng nh hng n thit k cu trc phn pha ca dy. Trong iu
kin thi tit bnh thng, tn tht vng quang ch t vi kW/km, nhng trong iu
kin tri ma hoc nhiu sng m, tn tht vng quang c th t n 10-100
kW/km. nh hng ca cao n tn tht vng quang cng rt ln, cao 1800
m so vi mt nc bin, tn tht vng quang tng ln 4 ln.
Tn tht cng sut trong truyn ti cao p 1 chiu cng ph thuc vo tit din
ngang ca dy dn, v c tnh ton tng t nh truyn ti xoay chiu. Tuy
nhin, tn tht vng quang ca h thng HVDC khng c tnh ton k nh
EHVAC, do trong cc iu kin thi tit khc nhau (ma, sng m), tn tht vng
quang ch tng 2 3 ln. Hiu ng v cao i vi tn tht vng quang ca
HVDC cng tng t nh EHVAC.
Tn tht vng quang c th hin trong hnh 10:
Hnh : 14: Tn tht vng quang theo cao v tn tht truyn ti theo chiu di
Khong cch truyn ti:

Truyn ti siu cao p 1 chiu c li th v hnh lang tuyn v chi ph xy
dng ng dy (xem phn 2.2) nhng chi ph cho trm chuyn i cao hn chi ph
32
xy dng cc trm bin p xoay chiu. Do , khi ng dy cng di, truyn ti

HVDC cng c li th.
Di y l biu so snh chi ph u t khi truyn ti 10.000 MW v 3500
MW cc khong cch khc nhau:
Hnh : 15: Chi ph u t khi P = 3500 MW
Cng sut truyn ti 3500 MW, truyn ti HVDC +/- 500 kV c li t 400 km
tr ln. (Ngun ABB)
Hnh : 16: Chi ph u t khi P = 10.000 MW
Cng sut truyn ti 10.000 MW, truyn ti 800 kV HVDC c li th t 600

km tr ln.
33
2.2. + nh hng ca cc yu t khc

in trng v vng quang in
in trng tnh ca ng dy 1 chiu ti mp hnh lang tuyn s c tnh
ton sao cho c gi tr tng ng vi cng in trng tri t. Hin nay
cha c nghin cu no chng minh c in trng sinh ra ti mp hnh lang
tuyn c th nh hng n sc khe con ngi. in trng sinh ra t ng dy
xoay chiu thng c xem xt k lng hn so vi in trng ca ng dy 1
chiu.
Thit k cch in:
Thit k cch in ca ng dy EHVAC v HVDC c mt cht khc bit.
Khong cch an ton l thng s quan trng trong thit k c kh ct in. i vi
EHVAC, khong cch an ton tng nhanh cng vi cp in p, cn i vi HVDC,
khong cch an ton tng chm hn.
Vic la chn cch in cho h thng EHVAC tng t nh cho cc h thng
xoay chiu in p thng thng. Cc loi cch in thng thng vn c s
dng cho EHVAC, vt liu cch in composit s c cn nhc la chn khi
truyn ti trong mi trng nhim hoc yu cu ng dy gn nh. i vi cch
in ca ng dy siu cao p, thit k ca vng h quang (vng corona) rt quan
trng cho s lm vic lu di n nh do nh hng ca in trng ti c tnh
khng nc ca vt liu cch in.
Yu cu i vi cch in ca ng dy HVDC cao hn so vi cch in
ng dy xoay chiu cng cp in p danh nh, nguyn nhn do sc ht ca
ng dy i vi nhng ht bi tch in tri du trong khng kh v nh hng
ca in trng xung quanh dy dn. Khi s dng loi cch in thng thng, cu
to hnh hc ca cch in cng cn c tnh ton k hn, c tnh vt liu cch
in cng c quan tm nhiu hn, v d nh yu cu ngn s di chuyn ca
cc ion trong cch in thy tinh.
Vt liu cch in composit cng ang tr thnh s la chn hp dn cho cch
in ca ng dy 1 chiu ngay c khi mi trng t nhim. Tuy nhin, t
c tui th mong mun, thit k ca cch in composit c nhng yu cu kht
34
khe hn so vi vic s dng trong ng dy xoay chiu, in tr n mn ca vt

liu polymer cng rt cn c quan tm.
Cc vng h quang ca ng dy 1 chiu nh hn ng k so vi ng dy
xoay chiu do khng c s dn u in trng dung tnh ca cch in 1 chiu.
Hnh di y th hin chiu di chui cch in i vi EHVAC v HVDC
cc cp in p khc nhau (n v di : m). Khi tng in p, chiu di chui s i
vi ng dy xoay chiu s tng nhanh, cn ng dy 1 chiu tng chm hn.
Hnh : 17: Chiu di cch in cc cp in p khc nhau (Ngun ABB)
nh hng ca cao:
V c bn, nh hng ca cao i vi c tnh cch in ca HVDC v
EHVAC l tng ng, nhng khc nhau v mc . i vi EHVAC, c tnh
cch in th hin qua khong cch khng kh ca thit b ng ct. cao 2000
m, khong cch khng kh cn tng 15% so vi mt nc bin. i vi truyn ti 1
chiu, thng s khong cch th hin qua s chu ng sng st. cao 2000 m,
khong cch khng kh cn tng thm 25%.
35
Hnh : 18: Mc tng tng i v yu cu cch in cao khc nhau
Ti trng ng dy:
Do s khc nhau v cu trc phn pha ca dy dn gia HVDC v EHVAC
m thit k ct ca 2 loi ng dy truyn ti ny cng khc nhau. Hnh sau minh
ha s khc nhau v ti trng dy dn ca 2 ng dy truyn ti 1 chiu, xoay
chiu quy m cng sut tng ng:
Hnh : 19: Ti trng dy dn cho EHVAC v HVDC
Ti trng ng dy c chia lm 2 phn chnh l ti trng thng ng v ti

trng ngang. Ti trng ng c xc nh bi trng lng ca dy dn v trng
36
lng tuyt (i vi cc nc hn i). Ti trng ngang ch yu l do lc y

ngang ca gi ln dy dn (khi c bng tuyt). Cc thng s v b dy bng tuyt,
tc gi v cc thng s khc c ly theo tiu chun IEC. Tng ti trng dy
dn tc ng ln ct t l thun vi s mch v s si trong 1 mch.
Khi so snh tng th v ti trng dy dn, ti trng ca ng dy HVDC gn
nh bng ti trng dy ca EHVAC in p v cng sut ti tng ng, iu
dn ti vic gim ng k chi ph xy dng ng dy v gim hnh lang tuyn
i vi h thng truyn ti cao p 1 chiu.
Hnh lang tuyn:
Hin nay v trong tng lai, hnh lang tuyn lun l vn kh khn v tn
km khi xy dng cc ng dy truyn ti di. S pht trin cng ngh truyn ti
in suy cho cng l lm tng cng sut truyn ti, gim gi thnh xy dng v
gim hnh lang tuyn. Khi truyn ti lng cng sut tng ng, ng dy
HVDC c nhiu li th v hnh lang tuyn do thit k ct gn nh hn, s dy dn
t hn. Hnh lang tuyn ca cp AC 800 kV l 75m v DC +/- 500 kV l 50m
nhng c cng quy m truyn ti 3000 MW
Hnh: Cc phng n thay th gia HVDC v EHVAC khi truyn ti 6000 MW
cp 500 kV.
Hnh : 20: s mch yu cu khi truyn ti 6000 MW bng HVDC v HVAC
37
ti n
nghin cu kh
hoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng d
ng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam
m
Hnh : 21:
2 Thit k c
t EHVAC
Hnh : 22:
2 Thit k ct HVDC
CHNG III. Kho st s bin thin ca chi ph u t

khi cc yu t u vo thay i.
3.1. Xc nh cc thnh phn ca chi ph u t
3.1.1. Phng php chung nh gi d n u t:
Khi so snh cc d n u t truyn ti in, cc d n ny c yu cu:
-
Cng h mc tiu
Cng mi trng u t
Cng thi gian thc hin
Thng cn c vo cc ch tiu sau:

a) Gi tr hin ti thun NPV (Net Present Value)
CFt
1 i
Trong :
NPV: gi tr hin ti thun, l ton b thu nhp v chi ph ca d n trong
sut thi k phn tch c quy i thnh 1 gi tr tng ng thi
im hin ti, thng quy v u thi k phn tch.
CFt : dng tin d n; CFt = Rt (It+Ct)
i : t l chit khu c chn
t : nm th t.
Thng chn i = MARR ( Minimum Attractive Rate of Return): sut thu
li ti thiu c th chp nhn c.
It: Chi ph u t ti thi im t
Ct: Chi ph vn hnh ti thi im t
Rt: Thu nhp ti thi im t ca d n.
Nh vy, gi tr NPV s ph thuc trc tip vo dng tin d n v t l chit
khu i. T l chit khu c th c tnh ton hoc n nh trc ty vo d n,
thng nhng d n c ri ro cng cao th i c la chn cng ln.
39
Tiu chun chn theo NPV:

-
NPV 0: d n ng gi
NPV < 0: d n khng ng gi
NPV = 0: d n trang tri c ton b chi ph v c mc li sut bng sut thu

li ti thiu c th chp nhn c.
i vi cc phng n u t loi tr nhau: phng n no c NPV ln nht s
c chn.
i vi cc phng n c lp: khng cn chn NPV max m ch cn NPV 0.
b) Sut thu li ni ti IRR (Internal Rate of Return)
Sut thu li ni ti IRR l t l chit khu lm cho gi tr hin ti dng = 0.
CFt
1 IRR
IRR phn nh mc li sut ti a m nh u t chp nhn c

Tiu ch la chn d n u t theo IRR:
-
i vi cc d n c lp: IRR MARR l d n ng gi.
i vi cc d n loi tr nhau: chn IRR ln nht.

c) Ch tiu B/C
1
1
Trong :
B: Tng li nhn quy v mt thi im nht nh
C: Tng chi ph quy v cng mt thi im nht nh vi B.
Rt: Thu nhp nm th t
G: chi ph vn hnh
It: chi ph u t nm th t.
40
D n ng gi khi: B/C 1.
So snh d n theo ch tiu B/C tng t nh theo ch tiu IRR.
3.1.2. La chn phng php so snh kinh t d n

u t cho n nghin cu kh nng ng dng
truyn ti in 1 chiu Vit Nam
Cc phng n truyn ti in u phi m bo cc yu cu k thut. Do ,
v bn cht, khi la chn cc phng n u t cho h thng truyn ti in l so
snh cc ch tiu kinh t, ti chnh, t tm ra phng n t hiu qu ti u nht.
y l vn rt phc tp, lin quan n nhiu yu t kinh t, x hi v chin lc
pht trin di hn ca ngnh in.
Khi so snh cc phng n c cng quy m cng sut truyn ti, cng sn
lng in nng, ngoi so snh nhng u nhc im v mt k thut ca cc
phng n, n s so snh hiu qu kinh t d n cn c vo tng chi ph hin ti
ha: cc chi ph c quy v nm chun b u t (nm 2015).
Chi ph hin ti ha
It: Chi ph u t nm th t
Ct: Chi ph vn hnh nm th t
i : t l chit khu c chn
t : nm th t.
i vi nhng d n cng p ng c cc tiu ch k thut, d n no c
chi ph hin ti ha thp nht s c chn.
Cc thnh phn ca chi ph u t gm:
-
Chi ph xy lp
Chi ph thit b
Cc chi ph khc: n b, gii phng mt bng, qun l d n,

Cc thnh phn ca chi ph vn hnh:
Chi ph tn tht in nng
Chi ph vn hnh, bo tr hng nm.
41
3.2. Tnh ton chi ph trong trng hp yu t u vo

thay i.
Cc yu t u vo khi xc nh chi ph hin ti ha:
-
Chi ph u t cho ng dy ti in v trm bin p: c xc nh theo n

gi ca cc cng trnh tng t xy dng Vit Nam v trn th gii.
Tng ng vi mi lng cng sut truyn ti khc nhau m ta c cc in p

truyn ti khc nhau v s mch ng dy khc nhau, nh hng ln n chi
ph u t v chi ph vn hnh.
n gin ha, chi ph u t (I) v chi ph vn hnh (C) chnh l hm s ca

cng sut truyn ti (P) v khong cch truyn ti (L)
Chi ph hin ti ha: f(P,L) = I(P, L) + C(P, L)
i vi vic ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu Vit Nam, khong cch L
gn nh xc nh (cc trung tm ngun v trung tm ti xc nh). Nh vy,

cc mc cng sut truyn ti khc nhau s cho ra chi ph hin ti ha khc nhau. Ta
s kho st s bin thin ca chi ph hin ti ha khi cng sut truyn ti thay i,
c trnh by chi tit trong chng IV.
42
CHNG IV. ng dng trong cc trng hp c th ti

Vit Nam.
4.1. Cc gi thit a vo tnh ton:
D liu ngun v li in s dng tnh ton ch h thng in c s
dng t cc ngun sau:
-
Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia giai on 2006 2015 c xt n 2025
do Vin nng lng lp nm 2006 v c th tng chnh ph ph duyt
theo Q s 110/2007/Q-TTg ngy 18 thng 7 nm 2007.
n Nghin cu kh nng hp tc trong lnh vc nng lng gia Vit Nam

v Trung Quc do Vin nng lng lp nm 2004.
4.1.1. Cc gi thit v mt k thut

-
Mi ng dy trn khng mch n 500 kV thng thng tit din

4xAC330mm2 c kh nng ti ln nht 1500 MW, ng dy 500kV phn pha
6x480mm2 c kh nng ti 2000 MW.
Mi TBA AC 500kV c th ti c ti a 2000 MW, (tng ng 3 my 900

MVA).
Mi ng dy 500 kV DC mch n c kh nng ti ln nht 1500 MW,

ng dy mch kp +/- 500 kV ti c max 3000 MW.
Mi ng dy trn khng mch n 765 kV ti trung bnh 2500 MW (bng

cng sut t nhin), ti s c 3750 MW (=1,5 *cng sut t nhin).
Cc thit b b cng sut phn khng (SVC) v khng b ngang cn c lp t

m bo cc ch vn hnh ca ng dy siu cao p.
Li in truyn ti cp cho khu vc ng Nam B l li 500kV, cc phng

n truyn ti t ngun in ln v ng Nam B u phi a v cp in p
500kV.
n dng li mc tnh tro lu cng sut trong h thng in, xc nh tn

tht h thng v tn tht trn ng dy, cha xt n cc yu t n nh h
thng in.
43
4.1.2. Cc gi thit v mt kinh t

-
Chi ph u t cho trm bin p v ng dy ti in: tnh theo sut u t, cn

c vo cc d n tng t Vit Nam v trn th gii
Chi ph u t cho cc trm chuyn i AC DC, DC AC: cn c vo sut

u t i vi cc d n tng t trn th gii.
Sut u t cho ng dy mch kp = 1.6 ln ng dy mch n.
Sut u t cho ng dy DC = 0.8 ln sut u t cho ng dy AC cng

in p, s mch.
Tmax = 6000 gi i vi Nh my nhit in v in nguyn t, Tmax = 5000

gi i vi h thng lin kt mua in Trung Quc.
Gi in tn tht = 4.5 U.S.cent.
H s chit khu: 10%
Chi ph bo tr v vn hnh hng nm = 2% vn u t.
Thi gian xy dng cng trnh: 5 nm.
Thi gian tnh ton: 30 nm.

a) Sut u t cho ng dy ti in
Sut u t cho ng dy 500 kV nhng nm gn y:
STT
Tn cng trnh
S mch
Tit din
1
2
3
Ph Lm- Long An
Song My- Tn nh
Ph M- Song My
Trung bnh
Sut u t gn
ng (+20%)
mch n
mch kp
mch kp
Mch kp
4xACSR795MCM
4xACSR330
4xACSR330
Mch kp
Chiu
di
(km)
62.0
41.0
65.9
Tng d
ton (USD)
Sut u t
(USD/km)
19,323,972
18,363,397
33,989,647
311,677
447,888
515,776
481,832
578,198
Ngun : EVN
Sut u t trung bnh cho cc hng mc ng dy mch kp 500 kV khong
481.832 USD, ly d phng 20%, ta ly sut u t tnh ton cho ng dy 500kV
l 0.6 triu USD/mch kp.
Theo ngun s liu nm 2006 ca KOPEC th sut u t xy dng ng dy
truyn ti nh sau:
44
STT
Hng mc ng
dy
s mch
tit din
1
2
3
ng dy 765 kV
ng dy 345 kV
ng dy 154 kV
mch kp
mch kp
mch kp
6x480mm2
4x480mm2
2x480mm2
n gi
(triu
USD)
3.5
1.8
0.7
Nhn thy, khi in p truyn ti tng gp 2 th sut u t tng khong 2 ln.

Theo thng k cc cng trnh ng dy 500 kV Vit Nam, chi ph xy lp
thng chim trn 60%, nu so vi chi ph xy lp Nam Triu Tin th chi ph xy
lp Vit Nam thp hn, do , tng chi ph cho xy dng ng dy cng thp
hn.
Sut u t xy dng ng dy 765 kV Vit Nam ly gn ng = 2 ln sut
u t ng dy 500kV. Nh vy sut u t cho mch kp 765kV l: 1.2 triu
USD/km.
Sut u t cho ng dy DC +/-500kV mch kp = 0.8*0.6 = 0.48 triu
USD/km, mch n l 0.3 triu USD/km.
b) Sut u t cho trm bin p xoay chiu
Chi ph u t cho trm bin p ch yu l chi ph thit b, ly sut u t bnh
qun trn th gii.
i vi TBA 500kV 3 my, kh nng ti 2000 MW c chi ph u t l 50
triu USD/trm (c cu hnh 3 my bin p 8x3=24 triu USD, Khng b ngang 10
triu USD, thit b u cui khc 16 triu USD).
Tnh trung bnh sut u t cho TBA 500kV l : 25.000 USD/MW.
i vi TBA GIS 765/345/22kV quy m 3 my x 2000 MVA Hn Quc c
vn u t l 200 triu USD/trm, ly sut u t tnh ton cho TBA 765/500kV l
30.000 USD/MW (cao hn 20% sut u t cho TBA 500/220kV).
c) Sut u t cho trm chuyn i AC DC, DC AC
Ly theo sut u t trung bnh trn th gii.
Theo nghin cu nm 1997 ca phng th nghim quc gia Oak Ridge (M)
khi iu tra chi ph xy dng theo kiu cha kha trao tay i vi 4 d n HVDC t
3 nh sn xut khc nhau, c kt qu nh sau:
Danh mc d n in hnh:
45
H
thng
in p 1 chiu
1
2
3
4
Cng sut
(MW)
+/- 250 kV
+/- 350 kV
+/- 500 kV
Back-to-Back
in p
xoay chiu
500
1000
3000
200
230 kV
345 kV
500 kV
230 kV
Chia nh chi ph tng d n: (chi ph c quy v gi nm 1996).

STT Hng mc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Back-toBack 200
MW
H thng Valves
My bin p chuyn i
Sn phn phi 1 chiu
Sn phn phi xoay chiu
iu khin, bo v, thng tin lin
lc
Chi ph xy dng
Chi ph ph
Chi ph qun l
Tng chi ph (triu USD)
Chi ph $/kW/trm
+/- 250 kV
500 MW
+/- 350 kV
1000 MW
+/- 500 kV
3000 MW
19.0%
22.6%
3.0%
10.7%
21.0%
21.3%
6.0%
9.7%
21.3%
21.7%
6.0%
9.7%
21.7%
22.0%
6.0%
9.3%
8.7%
13.0%
2.0%
21.0%
43.3
217
8.0%
13.7%
2.3%
18.0%
145.0
145
8.0%
13.7%
2.3%
17.3%
213.7
107
7.7%
13.7%
2.3%
17.3%
451.7
75
Nhn thy, trm chuyn i c cng sut cng ln th sut u t cng nh.
Vi quy m cng sut t 1000 3000 MW/trm, n kin ngh ly sut u t
100 USD/kW/trm a vo tnh ton.
d) Sut u t cho cc thit b b SVC.
Ly trung bnh trn th gii: 300 MVAr SVC c chi ph u t l 30 triu USD.
4.2. Tnh ton chi ph hin ti ha khi cc yu t u

vo thay i
4.2.1. M phng h thng in trong PSS/E
Chng trnh PSS/E thuc bn quyn ca Power Technologies, Inc. , l
chng trnh tch hp m phng h thng in trn my tnh nhm mc ch tnh
ton nghin cu phc v vn hnh v quy hoch h thng in. Cc tnh ton phn
tch h thng bao gm:
Tnh ton tro lu cng sut v phn tch h thng in

Phn tch cc loi s c i xng v khng i xng.
Tng ng ha h thng.
M phng qu trnh qu in c.
46
PSSLF
a d liu u vo v ly kt qu
u ra t chng trnh PSSE
D liu u vo tnh tro
lu cng sut: huy ng
ngun, ph ti ca cc trm....
Cc d liu c bn: m phng
ng dy, my bin p....
Kt qu tnh ton tro lu
cng sut
Tro lu
cng sut
Tnh ton tro lu

cng sut
Kt qu tnh ton
Cc d liu ca HT
Tro lu cng sut HT
Kim tra cc gii hn
Hin th kt qu qua s
Cc chc nng ph
khc:
Khi to file s
liu mi.
Xut d liu
cc dng khc
Thay i cc d liu
u vo
Bin i d liu:
Bin i d liu ca
my pht/ph ti.
Tng ng ha
h thng.
nh s li cc nt
To ra cc ma trn
ton hc ca h
thng in
Nghin
cu
h
thng tuyn tnh:
Tnh ton tro lu
cng sut tc dng
khi b qua nh hng
ca cng sut phn
khng...
Nghin cu cc loi s c
47
Cu trc d liu u vo ca PSS/E c xp xp di dng cc bn ghi theo

th t, trong cha cc thng s m phng mi thit b v cu trc h thng in.
Vic s dng chng trnh PSS/E c ng dng ti Trung tm iu Quc
Gia (A0) v Vin nng lng trong tnh ton vn hnh v quy hoch h thng in.
Hin nay in p cao nht trong h thng in Vit Nam l 500kV AC. n s
khng trnh by cc bc m phng tng phn t trong h thng m quan tm nhiu
hn ti thng s ca cc ng dy siu cao p xoay chiu v ng dy mt chiu
d kin s c tnh ton trong n. Cc thng s ny s c s dng tnh
tro lu cng sut v tn tht h thng in.
Thng s ng dy trn khng 765 kV: Dy phn pha 6xACSR480 mm2,
khong cch phn pha 400 mm (theo tiu chun Nam Triu Tin).
Thngs
inpdanhnh(kV)
inpchophp(kV)
intr(*10^6pu/km)
inkhng(*10^5pu/km)
innp(*10^2pu/km)
Cngsuttnhin(MW)
Sbase=100MVA
Ubase=765kV
765kV
765
800
1.951
4.475
2.4
2315
Thng s chnh ca h thng DC 500 kV:

-
in p pha xoay chiu: 500kV
Dy dn phn pha 4xACSR480 mm2.
Cng sut truyn ti max cho mi ng DC 500kV: 1500 MW.
in tr n v ng dy Rdc = 0.06351 /km.
S dng s chnh lu/nghch lu 12 xung cho mi ng dy DC (2 block 6

xung)
My bin p chuyn i in p 500/220 kV c iu p di ti.
Gc max = 300, min = 80 , max = 300, min = 80.

Khong cch truyn ti d kin nh sau:
1) Truyn ti 270km t Nam Trung B (in ht nhn 1) v khu vc T.P. H
Ch Minh vi cc mc cng sut t 2500 MW ti 12000 MW.
48
2) Truyn ti 450km t HongHe Trung Quc v n Hip Ha (Vit Nam)

vi cc mc cng sut t 1500 ti 4500 MW.
4.2.2. Khong cch truyn ti 270 km

Theo quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia v quy hoch cc trung tm nhit
in ton quc, ngun in khu vc Nam Trung B (xung quanh nh my in ht
nhn 1- Ninh Thun) ti nm 2025 nh sau:
TT
Tn nh my
1 T tch nng min Nam
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
T khu vc (a Nhim, i
Ninh, Hm Thun, a My)
Cam Ranh I - #1,2
Cam Ranh II - #1,2
Vnh Tn I - #1
Vnh Tn I - #2
Vnh Tn II - #1
Vnh Tn II - #2
Vnh Tn III - #1
Vnh Tn III - #2
in Hat Nhn1&2 - #1
in Hat Nhn 1&2 - #2,3,4
Tng cng
Cng sut (MW)

1200
Nm vn hnh
2019-2020
937
1200
1200
600
600
600
600
1000
1000
2000
6000
16937
ang V/h
2015-2016
2020
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2020
2021-2025
Ghi
ch
CSG
CSG
EVN
EVN
EVN
EVN
EVN
EVN
Nu tch ring giai on 2015-2025 th ta c cc ngun sau:

TT
1
3
4
9
10
11
12
Tn nh my
T tch nng min Nam
Cam Ranh I - #1,2
Cam Ranh II - #1,2
Vnh Tn III - #1
Vnh Tn III - #2
in Hat Nhn1&2 - #1
in Hat Nhn 1&2 - #2,3,4
Tng cng
Cng sut (MW)

1200
1200
1200
1000
1000
2000
6000
13600
Nm vn hnh
2019-2020
2015-2016
2020
2015
2016
2020
2021-2025
Ghi
ch
EVN
EVN
EVN
EVN
V tr cc nh my nhit in trn nh sau:

Vi khong cch 270 km v lng cng sut trn 12000 MW, ta s xem xt
cc cp in p truyn ti xoay chiu 500 kV, 765 kV v 1 chiu DC +/- 500kV.
49
Hnh : 23: Bn v tr cc nh my in khu vc Nam trung b
M phng cc phng n truyn ti thng qua mt h thng in n gin

trong PSS/E gm 1 ngun pht cng sut t 2500 MW n 12000 MW, truyn ti
n cc nt ph ti tng ng vi cng sut pht theo quy c: cng sut trm ph
ti l ln nht c th v s ng dy truyn ti t nht. T xc nh c tng
tn tht truyn ti.
Qu trnh m phng h thng in n gin th hin theo cc s di y,
phm vi xc nh vn u t v chi ph hin ti ha l cc hng mc trong hnh ch
nht bao ngoi:
50
Hnh : 24: S khi h thng truyn ti
51
Vi lng cng sut truyn ti t 2500 MW n 12000 MW, cc gi thit nh

trnh by trn, ta c cc phng n truyn ti nh bng sau:
Cp in p truyn ti
STT
Mc
cng
sut
MW
AC500kV
AC765kV
DC500kV
Trm bin
p ph ti
ng
dy
truyn
ti
Trm
chuyn
i, ph
ti
1 mch
(1 n)
1
trm765kV,
2 trm 500
kV
2 mch
(1 kp)
2 trm
Converter,
2 trm
500kV
2 trm
500kV
2 mch
(1 kp)
1 trm
765kV, 2
trm 500kV
2 mch
(1 kp)
2 trm
Converter,
2 trm
500kV
4000
4 mch (2
kp)
2 trm
500kV
2 mch
(1kp)
1 trm
765kV, 2
trm 500kV
3 mch
(1 kp,
1 n)
2 trm
Converter,
2 trm
500kV
5000
5 mch
(2kp, 1
n)
3 trm
500kV
3 mch
(1 kp,
1n)
1 trm
765kV, 3
trm 500kV
4 mch
(2 kp)
2 trm
Converter,
3 trm
500kV
6000
6 mch (3
kp)
3 trm
500kV
3 mch
(1 kp,
1n)
1 trm
765kV, 3
trm 500kV
4 mch
(2 kp)
2 trm
Converter,
3 trm
500kV
8000
8 mch (4
kp)
4 trm
500kV
4 mch
(2 kp)
1 trm
765kV, 4
trm 500kV
6 mch
(3 kp)
2 trm
Converter,
4 trm
500kV
10000
10 mch
(5 kp)
5 trm
500kV
5 mch
(2 kp, 1
n)
1 trm
765kV, 5
trm 500kV
7 mch
(3 kp,
1 n)
2 trm
Converter,
5 trm
500kV
12000
12 mch
(6 kp)
6 trm
500kV
6 mch
(3 kp)
1 trm
765kV, 6
trm 500kV
8 mch
(4 kp)
2 trm
Converter,
6 trm
500kV
ng
dy
truyn ti
Trm
bin
p ph
ti
2500
3 mch (1
kp, 1
n)
2 trm
500kV
3000
3 mch (1
kp, 1
n)
ng
dy
truyn
ti
(S chi tit xem ph lc)

Kt qu tnh tn tht cng sut nh sau:
52
2500
3000
Tn tht cng sut MW

4000
5000
6000
8000
57.7
20.9
49.5
81.1
28.4
68.4
110.8
46.5
83.7
140.5
50.9
106.5
170.2
69.7
136.8
229.8
93.0
174.9
289.5
117.4
220.5
349.2
143.0
273.6
100% 100%
36%
35%
86%
84%
100%
42%
76%
100%
36%
76%
100%
41%
80%
100%
40%
76%
100%
41%
76%
100%
41%
78%
Cp in p
Tn tht truyn ti
(MW)
AC500kV
AC765kV
DC500kV
Tng quan tn tht
AC500kV
AC765kV
DC500kV
10000 12000
th biu din quan h tn tht vi cng sut truyn ti

400.0
350.0
300.0
MW
250.0
200.0
AC500kV
150.0
AC765kV
DC500kV
100.0
50.0
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000 10000 12000
MW
Hnh : 25: th biu din tn tht theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 270km
Nhn xt: phng n truyn ti bng cp in p xoay chiu 765kV c tn tht

thp hn hn 2 phng n cn li (ch bng khong 40% phng n AC500kV. Tn
tht truyn ti 1 chiu 500kV ch bng 80% tn tht xoay chiu 500kV.
Xc nh vn u t:
i vi mi cu hnh truyn ti, ta c cc mc vn u t khc nhau, sut vn
u t nh trnh by pha trn, tng vn u t cho trm bin p tnh gn ng
bng 2 ln vn u t cho trm ph ti v cn phi xt ti trm bin p u ngun,
ta c kt qu sau:
53
Cp in p
Vn u t
AC500kV
AC765kV
DC500kV
Tng quan VT
so vi AC500kV
Vn u t (triu USD)
2500
AC765kV
DC500kV
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
100%
153%
213%
100%
140%
231%
100%
145%
224%
100%
132%
224%
100%
122%
228%
100%
125%
227%
th biu din tng quan Vn u t v Cng sut truyn ti nh sau:

4000.00
3500.00
3000.00
TrieuUSD
12000
388.25 413.25
524.00
675.25
786.00 1048.00 1310.00 1572.00
596.50 633.00
736.00
981.50 1036.50 1280.00 1640.50 1920.00
754.60 879.60 1210.60 1509.20 1759.20 2388.80 2969.80 3518.40
100%
154%
194%
AC500kV
3000
2500.00
2000.00
AC500kV
1500.00
AC765kV
1000.00
DC500kV
500.00
0.00
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000
MW
Hnh : 26: th biu din tn Vn u t theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 270km
Nhn xt: khong cch 270 km, phng n s dng ng dy truyn ti 1

chiu lun c vn u t cao nht (gp hn 2 ln phng n AC 500kV). Vn u
t cho h thng AC765kV cao hn phng n AC500kV t 20 n 50%, cng sut
truyn ti cng ln th chnh lch v vn u t cng nh.
Tnh ton chi ph hin ti ha:
Vi thi gian tnh ton 30 nm, cc d liu v vn u t xy dng h thng
truyn ti, chi ph vn hnh 2% vn u t, t l chit khu 10%/nm, tn tht cng
sut, Tmax = 6000 gi (cc nh my nhit in c th pht Tmax cao hn), gi in
tn tht 4,5 US. Cent, ta c bng tng hp sau:
54
100%
122%
224%
Cp in p
Chi ph hin
ti ha
AC500kV
AC765kV
DC500kV
Tng quan
so vi
AC500kV
AC500kV
AC765kV
DC500kV
Chi ph hin ti ha (triu USD)

2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
12000
411.20 467.90 605.54

776.82
914.45 1223.66 1533.04 1842.41
527.70 569.55 682.92
893.65
968.23 1206.32 1543.32 1814.86
702.98 835.87 1134.38 1417.49 1671.74 2253.36 2806.11 3343.47
100%
128%
171%
100%
122%
179%
100%
113%
187%
100%
115%
182%
100%
106%
183%
100%
99%
184%
100%
101%
183%
100%
99%
181%
th biu din mi quan h gia chi ph hin ti ha v cng sut

4000.00
3500.00
3000.00
TrieuUSD
2500.00
2000.00
AC500kV
AC765kV
1500.00
DC500kV
1000.00
500.00
0.00
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000 10000 12000
MW
Hnh : 27: th biu chi ph hin ti ha theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 270km
Nhn xt: vi mc cng sut 2500 5000 MW, phng n AC500kV c chi
ph hin ti ha thp hn phng n AC765kV t 15-30%. Khi cng sut truyn ti
t 6000 n 12.000 MW th phng n truyn ti AC 765 kV v phng n AC
500kV c chi ph hin ti ha tng ng. Phng n truyn ti 1 chiu +/- 500kV
c chi ph hin ti ha cao gp 1,8 ln so vi phng n xoay chiu cng in p,
do chi ph xy dng trm chuyn i qu ln khng b p li c chi ph thp
ca ng dy truyn ti v tn tht cng sut.
55
*) Xem xt s thay i ca chi ph hin ti ha khi sut u t thay i:

- Sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim = 25.000 USD/MW (bng sut u
t cho TBA 500/220kV): Khi P t 4000-6000 MW: u t cho AC765kV v
AC500kV c chi ph hin ti ha ngang nhau, P 8000 MW th AC765kV c li
hn AC500kV.
4000.00
3500.00
TrieuUSD
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
AC500kV
1500.00
AC765kV
1000.00
DC500kV
500.00
0.00
2500
4000
6000
10000
MW
Hnh : 28: Sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim = 25.000 USD/MW
Sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim := 20.000 USD/MW: P = 3000-5000

MW th AC765kV v AC500kV c chi ph hin ti ha ngang nhau, P 6000 MW
th AC765kV c li hn.
4000.00
3500.00
TrieuUSD
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
AC500kV
1500.00
AC765kV
1000.00
DC500kV
500.00
0.00
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000
MW
Hnh : 29: Sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim := 20.000 USD/MW
56
Sut u t cho ng dy 765kV gim = 1.0 triu USD/km (=1,6*sut u t

D AC500kV): Khi P t 4000-6000 MW: u t cho AC765kV v AC500kV c
chi ph hin ti ha ngang nhau, P 8000 MW th AC765kV c li hn AC500kV
4000.00
3500.00
TrieuUSD
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
AC500kV
1500.00
AC765kV
DC500kV
1000.00
500.00
0.00
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000
MW
Hnh : 30: Sut u t cho ng dy 765kV gim = 1.0 triu USD/km
Sut u t cho ng dy 765kV gim := 1.0 triu USD/km (=1,6*sut u

t D AC500kV) ng thi sut u t cho TBA 765/500kV gim = 25.000
USD/MW (bng ST cho TBA 500/220kV): Khi P t 3000-5000 MW: u t cho
AC765kV v AC500kV c chi ph hin ti ha ngang nhau, P 6000 MW th
AC765kV c li hn AC500kV.
4000.00
3500.00
TrieuUSD
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
AC500kV
1500.00
AC765kV
1000.00
DC500kV
500.00
0.00
2500
4000
6000
10000
MW
Hnh : 31: Sut u t cho ng dy 765kV gim = 1.0 triu USD/km ng thi sut u t cho TBA
765/500kV gim = 25.000 USD/MW
57
Sut u t cho trm chuyn i AC-DC, DC-AC gim := 75 USD/kW: Chi

ph hin ti ha ca phng n DC+/-500kV cao hn AC500kV t 50-60%.
3000.00
2500.00
TrieuUSD
2000.00
1500.00
AC500kV
AC765kV
1000.00
DC500kV
500.00
0.00
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000
MW
4.2.3. Khong cch truyn ti 450 km

Theo n Nghin cu kh nng hp tc trong lnh vc nng lng gia Vit
Nam v Trung Quc do Vin nng lng lp thng 12/2004, giai on 2011-2020,
v Quy hoch u ni li in 500, 220 kV gia Vit Nam v Trung Quc n
nm 2025 cng do Vin nng lng lp thng 12/2006, tnh Vn Nam (TQ) c th
cp cho Vit Nam 3000 MW, khong cch truyn ti tim nng l t trm HongHe
n trm 500kV Sc Sn (nay l trm 500kV Hip Ha) l 450 km.
Vn Nam c tim nng thy in rt ln (khong 100.000 MW), theo quy
hoch ca cng ty li in phng nam (YEPG), lng cng sut c th cp ra
ngoi tnh n 2020 nh sau:
Nm 2005 1.600MW - cho Qung ng

Nm 2006 2.800MW - cho Qung ng
2007-2010 7.800MW - cho Qung ng (4.800MW c
tho thun gia Vn Nam v Qung ng )
C kh nng cp 3.000MW cho Qung Ty, v
3.000MW cho Vit Nam
2011-2020 23.800MW - cho Qung ng, Qung Ty
3.000MW cho Thi Lan (theo Hip nh
k)
15.000- 20.000MW - cho khu vc Hoa Trung
C kh nng cp 3.000MW cho Vit Nam
58
Bn v tr tuyn truyn ti nh sau:
Hnh : 32: Bn v tr tuyn truyn ti lin kt Vit Nam - Trung Quc
n s nghin cu chi ph hin ti ha i vi d n truyn ti khi cng sut

thay i t 1500 MW ti 4500 MW. Do lng cng sut truyn ti khng ln nn
ch xem xt 3 phng n: AC 500kV, DC +/-500kV v t trm Back-to-Back
500kV. i vi phng n AC 500kV s i hi 2 h thng in Vit Nam Vn
Nam phi ha ng b hoc t trm Back-to-Back 500kV bin gii. Phng n
t trm Back-to-Back r rng khng th kinh t hn phng n dng ng dy
DC +/-500kV v khng tn dng c chi ph thp xy dng ng dy, tuy nhin
vn cn xem xt v phng n ny c th gii quyt vn pht trin ph ti cc
tnh min ni hay gii phng ngun thy in vi s xut hin ca li 500kV
Quc gia v bit mc khng kinh t so vi cc phng n khc l nh th
no?
Vi cc gi thit v nguyn tc m phng nh trnh by pha trn, ta a ra
cc phng n truyn ti sau:
59
Cp in p truyn ti
STT
Mc
cng
sut
MW
AC500kV
DC500kV
ng
dy
truyn
ti
Back-to-Back 500kV
Trm chuyn
i, trm ph
ti
ng
dy
truyn
ti
AC500kV
Trm chuyn
i, trm ph
ti
ng
dy
truyn ti
Trm
bin
p ph
ti
1500
1 mch (1
n)
1 trm
500kV
1 mch
(1 n)
2 trm
Converter, 1
trm 500kV
1 mch
(1 n)
1 trm Back-toBack, 1 trm

500kV
2000
2 mch (1
kp)
1 trm
500kV
2 mch
(1 kp)
2 trm
Converter, 1
trm 500kV
2 mch
(1 kp)

500kV
2500
3 mch (1
kp, 1
n)
2 trm
500kV
2 mch
(1 kp)
2 trm
Converter, 2
trm 500kV
3 mch
(1 kp, 1
n)

500kV
3000
3 mch (1
kp, 1
n)
2 trm
500kV
2 mch
(1 kp)
2 trm
Converter, 2
trm 500kV
3 mch
(1 kp, 1
n)

500kV
4500
4 mch (2
kp)
2 trm
500kV
3 mch
(1 kp, 1
n)
2 trm
Converter, 2
trm 500kV
4 mch
(2 kp)

500kV
(Chi tit xem ph lc)

M phng cc phng n truyn ti trn thng qua mt h thng in n gin
trong PSS/E gm 1 ngun pht cng sut t 1500 MW n 4500 MW, truyn ti
n cc nt ph ti tng ng vi cng sut pht theo quy c: cng sut trm ph
ti l ln nht c th v s ng dy truyn ti t nht (theo bng trn). T xc
nh c tng tn tht truyn ti. Kt qu nh sau:
Cp in p
1500
Mc cng sut MW
2000
2500
3000
4500
101.6
56.2
86.8
62.6
95.6
81.4
131.0
112.3
231.8
127.6
101.6
86.8
95.6
131.0
231.8
100%
55%
100%
72%
100%
85%
100%
86%
100%
55%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Tn tht truyn ti
(MW)
AC500kV
DC500kV
Back-to-Back
500kV
Tng quan tn
tht
AC500kV
DC500kV
Back-to-Back
500kV
60
Nhn xt: phng n truyn ti bng ng dy 1 chiu c tn tht thp hn

(ch bng 55-86%) phng n truyn ti bng in p xoay chiu.
Tnh ton vn u t cho h thng truyn ti, kt qu nh sau:
Cp in p
Vn u t
AC500kV
DC500kV
Back-to-Back
500kV
Tng quan VT
so vi AC500kV
AC500kV
DC500kV
Back-to-Back
500kV
Mc cng sut MW
2000
2500
3000
1500
4500
243.75
510.00
370.00
716.00
563.75
841.00
588.75
966.00
933.75
1476.00
543.75
770.00
1063.75
1188.75
1665.00
100%
209%
100%
194%
100%
149%
100%
164%
100%
158%
223%
208%
189%
202%
178%
th biu din Vn u t theo cng sut truyn ti:

1800.00
1600.00
1400.00
TrieuUSD
1200.00
1000.00
AC500kV
800.00
DC500kV
600.00
BacktoBack500kV
400.00
200.00
0.00
1500
2000
2500
3000
4500
MW
Hnh : 33: th biu din vn u t theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 450km
Nhn xt: vn u t cho h thng Back-to-Back cao gp i so vi h thng

AC thng thng do khng nhng phi u t trm chuyn i m cn phi u t
cho h thng xoay chiu nh phng n AC500kV. P = 2500 4500, vn u t
cho ng dy truyn ti DC cao gp 1,5 ln h thng AC.
Tnh ton chi ph hin ti ha, vi thi gian tnh ton 30 nm, cc d liu v
vn u t xy dng h thng truyn ti, chi ph vn hnh 2% vn u t, t l chit
61
khu 10%/nm, tn tht cng sut, Tmax = 5000 gi, gi in tn tht 4,5 US. Cent,
ta c bng tng hp sau:
Cp in p
Mc cng sut MW
2000
2500
3000
1500
Chi ph hin ti ha
AC500kV
DC500kV
Back-to-Back 500kV
Tng quan so vi AC500kV
AC500kV
DC500kV
Back-to-Back 500kV
4500
332.55
510.00
581.81
418.51
716.00
750.85
590.75
841.00
1006.17
656.82
966.00
1155.34
1072.48
1476.00
1680.04
100%
153%
175%
100%
171%
179%
100%
142%
170%
100%
147%
176%
100%
138%
157%
th biu din quan h gia Chi ph hin ti ha v cng sut truyn ti:
1800.00
1600.00
1400.00
TrieuUSD
1200.00
1000.00
AC500kV
800.00
DC500kV
600.00
BacktoBack500kV
400.00
200.00
0.00
1500
2000
2500
3000
4500
MW
Hnh : 34: th biu din chi ph hin ti ha theo cng sut truyn ti khi L = 450km
Nhn xt:
Phng n Back-to-Back c chi ph hin ti ha cao hn phng n AC500kV
khong 80%, nguyn nhn do vn u t ban u ln m khng gim c tn tht
truyn ti. Phng n ng dy DC+/- 500kV c chi ph hin ti ha cao hn
AC500kV khong 40% v s gim dn khi cng sut truyn ti tng.
Truyn ti bng ng dy 1 chiu +/-500kV s c chnh lch chi ph t nht
vi phng n AC500kV khi P = 4500 MW.
62
*) Xem xt s thay i ca chi ph hin ti ha khi sut u t thay i:

Sut u t cho trm chuyn i AC-DC, DC-AC gim = 75 USD/kW: chi ph
hin ti ha ca phng n DC500kV cao hn AC500kV khong 20-30%, phng
n Back-to-Back 500kV cao hn 40-60% AC500kV.
1600.00
1400.00
TrieuUSD
1200.00
1000.00
800.00
AC500kV
600.00
DC500kV
BacktoBack500kV
400.00
200.00
0.00
1500
2000
2500
3000
4500
MW
Hnh : 35: Sut u t cho trm chuyn i AC-DC, DC-AC gim = 75 USD/kW
4.3. Nhng d n truyn ti 1 chiu tim nng

4.3.1. Truyn ti in khu vc Nam Trung b - ng
Nam B:
Theo quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia giai on VI, nm 2020, cng
sut ti t khu vc in ht nhn 1 v nam trung b theo li 500kV l 3555 MW
5 ng dy - t cc ngun : in ht nhn, thy in tch nng, v N Bnh
Thun (Vnh Tn). Nm 2025, cng sut ti v nam trung b l 7976 MW 10
ng dy 500 kV. Cc ng dy mch kp 500kV trong tnh ton c mc mang
ti ti a khong 1600 MW. i chiu cc thng s ng dy th y l nhng dy
phn pha 4x330mm2, l loi tit din ang ph bin ng dy 500 kV trong h
thng in Vit Nam.
Theo kt qu tnh ton trong nghin cu trn y, mc cng sut truyn ti
nm 2025 l 8000MW, khong cch 270 km, ta hon ton c th cn nhc gia 2
phng n truyn ti l AC500kV v AC 765kV do c chi ph hin ti ha tng
ng. Phng n truyn ti bng ng dy xoay chiu in p siu cao 765kV c
63
chi ph u t cao hn khong 20% nhng li c tn tht truyn ti thp hn nhiu

(ch bng khong 40% AC500kV). Phng n 765kV cng c u im l s mch t
hn nn hnh lang tuyn t hn. Cng ngh truyn ti 765kV xoay chiu c
lm ch v ph bin nhiu nc nh Canada, M, n , Hn Quc,...
Khong cch truyn ti khng qu ln (270km) nn gii quyt vn v b cng
sut phn khng, vn n nh khng qu phc tp nh nhng ng dy chiu
di ln (trn 1000 km). Do qu trnh u t ngun l nhng giai on ni tip nhau
qua nhiu nm nn mt h thng truyn ti kt hp gm 2 cp in p AC765kV v
AC500kV s rt linh ng v kinh t, cn xem xt trong tng trng hp c th.
Phng n truyn ti bng ng dy DC+/-500kV khu vc ny t ra khng
hiu qu do khong cch truyn ti ngn nn khng pht huy u im v chi ph
thp ca ng dy, khng truyn ti dng cng sut phn khng, tn tht nh hn
AC500kV.
Phng n truyn ti DC+/- 800kV n khng xem xt v hin cha c quc
gia no s dng v vn cn mt s vn cn nghin cu thm, nht l thit b
trong trm chuyn i 2 u ng dy.
4.3.2. Truyn ti in lin kt Vit Nam Trung Quc:

Khi lin kt 2 h thng in khng ng b th h thng truyn ti in 1
chiu gn nh l la chn duy nht. C cch khc lin kt 2 h thng khng
ng b qua h thng xoay chiu, l s dng cc my bin tn quay (VFT) c tc
dng thay i gc pha u vo v u ra. Tuy nhin cc my bin tn thng mi
mi dng li cng sut 300 MW/my v vn ang c pht trin. M hin
ang nghin cu d n lp t b my bin tn quay cng sut 3x300 MW (l cng
sut ln nht hin nay) cp in cho New York. Trong tng lai nu cng ngh ca
my bin tn quay pht trin thm, tng quy m cng sut v gim gi thnh th rt
c th y l d n kh thi i vi Vit Nam. thi im hin ti, khi tnh ton lin
kt hai h thng in khng ng b th phng n truyn ti DC vn l la chn s
mt.
Theo kt qu nghin cu, nu Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) k hp
ng mua in t cng ty li in Phng Nam th mc cng sut 1500 MW,
3000 MW v 4500 MW trong khong thi gian di (20-30 nm) truyn ti bng
ng dy 1 chiu s c chi ph hin ti ha thp hn phng n xy dng Trm
64
Back-to-Back khong 20-30%. Phng n Back-to-Back 500kV s ph hp khi cc

nh quy hoch v hoch nh chnh sch c d kin pht trin li in AC500kV
quc gia ln khu vc ca khu Lo Cai, H Giang, kch bn ny ph thuc vo s
pht trin kinh t ca cc tnh vng ni pha Bc v cn c nghin cu trong quy
hoch di hi hn, c th l t 30-50 nm.
65
CHNG V. KT LUN
H thng truyn ti in siu cao p 1 chiu (HVDC) c lch s pht trin
60 nm, trong kinh nghim vn hnh h thng +/-600kV l trn 20 nm.. Cng
vi s pht trin ca cng ngh in t cng sut, chi ph cho h thng HVDC ngy
cng gim. Cc h thng HVDC c s rng rng ri trn th gii v tr thnh
b phn khng th thiu trong h thng in quc gia ca cc nc nh M, Brazil,
Trung Quc,
Vit Nam, truyn ti siu cao p 1 chiu +/- 500kV c kh nng ng dng
rt cao khi mua in t Trung Quc vi cng sut t 1500 MW, khong cch
450km. Mc d chi ph hin ti ha ca h thng DC cao hn AC khong 40%
nhng ng dy DC s m bo cho 2 h thng in ca 2 nc vn hnh c lp.
i vi vic truyn ti lng cng sut ln t khu vc Nam Trung b v KV.
TP. H Ch Minh, khong cch 270 km th truyn ti bng ng DC 500 kV s
khng kinh t so vi phng n truyn ti bng h thng xoay chiu AC500kV v
AC765kV. Nguyn nhn do chi ph xy dng cc trm chuyn i 2 u ng dy
qu ln dn n chi ph u t tng cao hn phng n AC500kV t 80-90%,
khng pht huy c u th ca h thng DC l vn u t cho ng dy thp
hn, tn tht thp v khng gp cc vn v b cng sut phn khng.
Kin ngh:
Hin nay, h thng ti liu tiu chun, vn bn quy phm i vi ng dy
siu cao p 1 chiu Vit Nam vn cha c. Trong Quy phm trang b in gn
nht do B cng nghip (nay l B cng thng) pht hnh nm 2006 khng c quy
phm cho h thng HVDC. Nu phng n mua in Trung Quc qua h thng
HVDC 500kV tr thnh hin thc th cn c h thng quy phm i vi lnh vc
siu cao p 1 chiu, lm c s xy dng, qun l, vn hnh h thng.
Tng t, h thng quy phm cho cp in p 765kV cng cn c xy dng
mi v kh nng s dng cp truyn ti 765kV l rt kh thi i vi cm in ht
nhn 1, 2, T. Tch Nng v cc nh my nhit in (Ninh Thun-Bnh Thun).
66
CHNG VI. PH LC
67
ti nghin
n
cu kh
m
6..1. M ph
hng cc h th
ng in
n n gin:
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti nghin
n
cu kh
m
K
Khong
ccch 450km, m phng h
h thng iin n gin AC500kV
V, DC500kkV
v Baack-to-Backk 500kV
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti n
nghin cu kh
m
ti nghin
n
cu kh
m
6..2. Vn u
t v
v chi ph
h hin ti
t ha c
cho cc d n
truyn
n ti in
n:
Chi ph hin ti ha phng n AC500kV L=270 km, P = 2500-12000 MW.

Phng n AC500kV-270km-P= 2500
Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
Chi ph tn tht (tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
19.4
-Gi mua in (USCents/kWh)
19.4
77.7
4.5
4.5
116.5
4.5
155.3
4.5
-Tn tht in nng (GWh/nm)

-Tn tht cng sut (MW)
3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
Tng chi ph (t VN/nm)
Tng chi ph hin ti ho ( t VN )
19.4
388.3
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
405.1
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
346.2
346.2
346.2
346.2
346.2
346.2
346.2
346.2
346.2
346.2
9001.2
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.7
1500.2
0.8
2.3
4.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
217.4
20.2
80.0
121.1
163.1
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
1010.7
411.2

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
20.7
20.7
82.7
124.0
165.3
413.3
21.9
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
20.7
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
569.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
486.6
486.6
486.6
486.6
486.6
486.6
486.6
486.6
486.6
486.6
12651.6
135.0
81.1
81.1
81.1
81.1
81.1
81.1
81.1
81.1
81.1
81.1
2108.6
0.8
2.5
5.0
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
231.4
21.5
85.1
128.9
173.6
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
1214.0
467.9
83

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
26.2
26.2
104.8
4.5
4.5
157.2
4.5
209.6
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
26.2
524.0
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
29.9
777.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
664.8
664.8
664.8
664.8
664.8
664.8
664.8
664.8
664.8
664.8
17284.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
110.8
2880.8
1.0
3.1
6.3
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
293.4
27.2
107.9
163.5
220.1
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.4
1595.3
605.5

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
33.8
33.8
135.1
202.6
270.1
675.3
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.9
986.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
843.0
21918.0
140.5
140.5
140.5
140.5
140.5
140.5
140.5
140.5
140.5
140.5
3653.0
4.5
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
33.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
1.4
4.1
8.1
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
378.1
35.1
139.1
210.7
283.6
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
2039.7
776.8
84

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
39.3
39.3
157.2
4.5
4.5
235.8
4.5
314.4
4.5
786.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
1194.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1021.2 1021.2 1021.2 1021.2 1021.2 1021.2 1021.2 1021.2 1021.2 1021.2

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
39.3
26551.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
170.2
4425.2
1.6
4.7
9.4
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
440.2
40.9
161.9
245.2
330.1
61.7
61.7
61.7
61.7
61.7
61.7
61.7
61.7
61.7
61.7
2421.0
914.4

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
52.4
52.4
209.6
4.5
4.5
314.4
4.5
419.2
4.5
1048.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
62.0
1613.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1378.8 1378.8 1378.8 1378.8 1378.8 1378.8 1378.8 1378.8 1378.8 1378.8
229.8
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
52.4
229.8
229.8
229.8
229.8
229.8
229.8
229.8
229.8
229.8
35848.8
5974.8
2.1
6.3
12.6
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
586.9
54.5
215.9
327.0
440.2
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
3248.1
1223.7
85

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
65.5
65.5
262.0
4.5
4.5
393.0
4.5
524.0
4.5
1310.0
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
2032.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1737.0 1737.0 1737.0 1737.0 1737.0 1737.0 1737.0 1737.0 1737.0 1737.0

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
65.5
45162.0
289.5
289.5
289.5
289.5
289.5
289.5
289.5
289.5
289.5
289.5
7527.0
2.6
7.9
15.7
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
26.2
733.6
68.1
269.9
408.7
550.2
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.4
104.4
4075.9
1533.0
Phng n AC500kV-270km-P= AC500kV -270 km - 12000MW

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
78.6
78.6
314.4
4.5
4.5
471.6
4.5
628.8
4.5
1572.0
94.3
94.3
94.3
94.3
94.3
94.3
94.3
94.3
94.3
94.3
2451.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
2095.2 2095.2 2095.2 2095.2 2095.2 2095.2 2095.2 2095.2 2095.2 2095.2
349.2
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
78.6
349.2
349.2
349.2
349.2
349.2
349.2
349.2
349.2
349.2
54475.2
9079.2
3.1
9.4
18.9
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
31.4
880.3
81.7
323.8
490.5
660.2
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
125.7
4903.7
1842.4
86
Phng n AC765kV 270km, P=2500-12000 MW.

Phng n AC765kV-270km-2500MW
Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
29.8
29.8
119.3
179.0
238.6
596.5
5.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
29.8
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
146.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
125.4
125.4
125.4
125.4
125.4
125.4
125.4
125.4
125.4
125.4
3260.4
20.9
20.9
20.9
20.9
20.9
20.9
20.9
20.9
20.9
20.9
543.4
1.2
3.6
7.2
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.9
334.0
31.0
122.9
186.1
250.5
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
1077.3
527.7
Phng n AC765kV-270km- 3000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
31.7
31.7
126.6
189.9
253.2
633.0
7.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
31.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
199.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
170.4
170.4
170.4
170.4
170.4
170.4
170.4
170.4
170.4
170.4
4430.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
738.4
1.3
3.8
7.6
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
354.5
32.9
130.4
197.5
265.9
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.3
1186.8
569.5
87

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
36.8
36.8
147.2
4.5
4.5
220.8
4.5
294.4
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
36.8
736.0
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
326.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
279.0
7254.0
46.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
46.5
1209.0
1.5
4.4
8.8
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
412.2
38.3
151.6
229.6
309.1
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.3
1474.6
682.9

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
49.1
49.1
196.3
4.5
4.5
294.5
4.5
392.6
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
49.1
981.5
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
357.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
305.4
305.4
305.4
305.4
305.4
305.4
305.4
305.4
305.4
305.4
7940.4
50.9
50.9
50.9
50.9
50.9
50.9
50.9
50.9
50.9
50.9
1323.4
2.0
5.9
11.8
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
19.6
549.6
51.0
202.2
306.2
412.2
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
1888.5
893.7
88

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
51.8
51.8
207.3
4.5
4.5
311.0
4.5
414.6
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
51.8
1036.5
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
489.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
418.2
418.2
418.2
418.2
418.2
418.2
418.2
418.2
418.2
418.2
10873.2
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
1812.2
2.1
6.2
12.4
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
20.7
580.4
53.9
213.5
323.4
435.3
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
2106.2
968.2

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
64.0
64.0
256.0
4.5
4.5
384.0
4.5
512.0
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
64.0
1280.0
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
652.9
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
558.0
14508.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
2418.0
2.6
7.7
15.4
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
25.6
716.8
66.6
263.7
399.4
537.6
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
50.7
2649.7
1206.3
89

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
82.0
82.0
328.1
4.5
4.5
492.2
4.5
656.2
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
82.0
1640.5
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
824.1
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
704.4
704.4
704.4
704.4
704.4
704.4
704.4
704.4
704.4
704.4
18314.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
117.4
3052.4
3.3
9.8
19.7
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
918.7
85.3
337.9
511.8
689.0
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.5
3383.3
1543.3

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
96.0
96.0
384.0
4.5
4.5
576.0
4.5
768.0
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
96.0
1920.0
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.6
1003.9
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
858.0
22308.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
143.0
3718.0
3.8
11.5
23.0
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
38.4
1075.2
99.8
395.5
599.0
806.4
77.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
3999.1
1814.9
90
Phng n DC+/-500kV, L=270km

Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=2500
Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
37.7
37.7
150.9
226.4
301.8
754.6
13.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
37.7
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
347.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
297.0
7722.0
49.5
49.5
49.5
49.5
49.5
49.5
49.5
49.5
49.5
49.5
1287.0
1.5
4.5
9.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
422.6
39.2
155.4
235.4
316.9
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
28.5
1524.7
703.0
Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=3000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
44.0
44.0
175.9
263.9
351.8
879.6
18.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
44.0
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
480.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
410.4
410.4
410.4
410.4
410.4
410.4
410.4
410.4
410.4
410.4
10670.4
135.0
68.4
68.4
68.4
68.4
68.4
68.4
68.4
68.4
68.4
68.4
1778.4
1.8
5.3
10.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
17.6
492.6
45.7
181.2
274.4
369.4
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
1852.3
835.9
91
Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=4000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
60.5
60.5
242.1
4.5
4.5
363.2
4.5
484.2
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
60.5
1210.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
22.6
587.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
502.2
502.2
502.2
502.2
502.2
502.2
502.2
502.2
502.2
502.2
13057.2
83.7
83.7
83.7
83.7
83.7
83.7
83.7
83.7
83.7
83.7
2176.2
2.4
7.3
14.5
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
24.2
677.9
63.0
249.4
377.7
508.5
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.8
2476.1
1134.4
Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=5000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
75.5
75.5
301.8
4.5
4.5
452.8
4.5
603.7
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
75.5
1509.2
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
747.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
639.0
16614.0
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
2769.0
3.0
9.1
18.1
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.2
845.2
78.5
310.9
470.9
633.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.9
3102.0
1417.5
92
Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=6000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
88.0
88.0
351.8
4.5
4.5
527.8
4.5
703.7
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
88.0
1759.2
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
36.9
960.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
820.8
820.8
820.8
820.8
820.8
820.8
820.8
820.8
820.8
820.8
21340.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
136.8
3556.8
3.5
10.6
21.1
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
985.2
91.5
362.4
548.9
738.9
72.1
72.1
72.1
72.1
72.1
72.1
72.1
72.1
72.1
72.1
3704.7
1671.7
Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=8000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
119.4
119.4
477.8
4.5
4.5
716.6
4.5
955.5
4.5
2388.8
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
47.2
1227.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1049.4 1049.4 1049.4 1049.4 1049.4 1049.4 1049.4 1049.4 1049.4 1049.4

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
119.4
4.8
14.3
124.2
492.1
27284.4
174.9
174.9
174.9
174.9
174.9
174.9
174.9
174.9
174.9
174.9
4547.4
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
1337.7
745.3 1003.3
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
4954.3
28.7
2253.4
93
Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=10000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
148.5
148.5
594.0
4.5
4.5
890.9 1187.9
4.5
4.5
2969.8
59.5
59.5
59.5
59.5
59.5
59.5
59.5
59.5
59.5
59.5
1547.9
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1323.0 1323.0 1323.0 1323.0 1323.0 1323.0 1323.0 1323.0 1323.0 1323.0

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
148.5
5.9
17.8
154.4
611.8
34398.0
220.5
220.5
220.5
220.5
220.5
220.5
220.5
220.5
220.5
220.5
5733.0
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
1663.1
926.6 1247.3
118.9
118.9
118.9
118.9
118.9
118.9
118.9
118.9
118.9
118.9
6180.8
35.6
2806.1
Phng n DC+/-500kV-270km- P=12000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
175.9
175.9
703.7 1055.5 1407.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
3518.4
73.9
73.9
73.9
73.9
73.9
73.9
73.9
73.9
73.9
73.9
1920.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1641.6 1641.6 1641.6 1641.6 1641.6 1641.6 1641.6 1641.6 1641.6 1641.6

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
7.0
175.9
183.0
42681.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
273.6
7113.6
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
70.4
1970.3
724.8 1097.7 1477.7
144.2
144.2
144.2
144.2
144.2
144.2
144.2
144.2
144.2
144.2
7409.4
21.1
42.2
3343.5
94
Phng n L = 450km, P = 1500-4500 MW

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
12.2
12.2
48.8
73.1
97.5
243.8
22.9
4.5
22.9
22.9
22.9
22.9
22.9
22.9
594.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
13208.0
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
2641.6
Chi ph O&M (t VN)

12.2
4.5
22.9
508.0
4.5
22.9

3
4.5
22.9
135.0
0.5
1.5
2.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
136.5
12.7
50.2
76.1
102.4
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
974.6
332.6

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
18.5
18.5
74.0
111.0
148.0
370.0
19.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
18.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
507.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
11284.0
135.0
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
2256.8
0.7
2.2
4.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
207.2
19.2
76.2
115.4
155.4
26.9
26.9
26.9
26.9
26.9
26.9
26.9
26.9
26.9
26.9
1085.0
418.5
95

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
28.2
28.2
112.8
4.5
4.5
169.1
4.5
225.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
28.2
563.8
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
559.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
12428.0
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
2485.6
1.1
3.4
6.8
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.3
315.7
29.3
116.1
175.9
236.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
1438.7
590.7

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
29.4
29.4
117.8
4.5
4.5
176.6
4.5
235.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
29.4
588.8
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
766.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
17030.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
3406.0
1.2
3.5
7.1
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.8
329.7
30.6
121.3
183.7
247.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
1684.8
656.8
96

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
46.7
46.7
186.8
4.5
4.5
280.1
4.5
373.5
4.5
933.8
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
1356.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
46.7
30134.0
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
6026.8
1.9
5.6
11.2
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
18.7
522.9
48.6
192.4
291.3
392.2
70.8
70.8
70.8
70.8
70.8
70.8
70.8
70.8
70.8
70.8
2812.7
1072.5
Phng n DC+/-500kV, L = 450km.

Phng n DC+/-500kV-450km-P= 1500
Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
25.5
25.5
102.0
153.0
204.0
510.0
12.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
25.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
328.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
281.0
7306.0
56.2
56.2
56.2
56.2
56.2
56.2
56.2
56.2
56.2
56.2
1461.2
1.0
3.1
6.1
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
285.6
26.5
105.1
159.1
214.2
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.8
1124.4
495.7
97
Phng n DC+/-500kV-450km-P= 2000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
35.8
35.8
143.2
4.5
4.5
214.8
4.5
286.4
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
35.8
716.0
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
366.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
313.0
8138.0
62.6
62.6
62.6
62.6
62.6
62.6
62.6
62.6
62.6
62.6
1627.6
1.4
4.3
8.6
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
401.0
37.2
147.5
223.4
300.7
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
28.4
1483.2
675.0
Phng n DC+/-500kV-450km-P= 2500

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
42.1
42.1
168.2
4.5
4.5
252.3
4.5
336.4
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
42.1
841.0
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
476.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
407.0
10582.0
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.4
2116.4
1.7
5.0
10.1
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
471.0
43.7
173.2
262.4
353.2
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
35.1
1788.2
802.9
98
Phng n DC+/-500kV-450km-P= 3000

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
48.3
48.3
193.2
4.5
4.5
289.8
4.5
386.4
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
48.3
966.0
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
657.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
561.5
561.5
561.5
561.5
561.5
561.5
561.5
561.5
561.5
561.5
14599.0
112.3
112.3
112.3
112.3
112.3
112.3
112.3
112.3
112.3
112.3
2919.8
1.9
5.8
11.6
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
19.3
541.0
50.2
199.0
301.4
405.7
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
2163.9
946.3
Phng n DC+/-500kV-450km-P= 4500

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
73.8
73.8
295.2
4.5
4.5
442.8
4.5
590.4
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
73.8
1476.0
28.7
28.7
28.7
28.7
28.7
28.7
28.7
28.7
28.7
28.7
746.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
638.0
16588.0
127.6
127.6
127.6
127.6
127.6
127.6
127.6
127.6
127.6
127.6
3317.6
3.0
8.9
17.7
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
826.6
76.8
304.1
460.5
619.9
58.2
58.2
58.2
58.2
58.2
58.2
58.2
58.2
58.2
58.2
3049.0
1389.6
99
Phng n Back-to-Back 500kV, L = 450km.

Phng n Back-to-Back500kV-450km-P= 1500
Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
27.2
27.2
108.8
163.1
217.5
543.8
22.9
4.5
22.9
22.9
22.9
22.9
22.9
22.9
594.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
508.0
13208.0
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
2641.6
Chi ph O&M (t VN)

27.2
4.5
22.9
508.0
4.5
22.9

3
4.5
22.9
135.0
1.1
3.3
6.5
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
304.5
28.3
112.0
169.7
228.4
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.7
1442.6
581.8

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
38.5
38.5
154.0
231.0
308.0
770.0
19.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
38.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
19.5
507.8
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
434.0
11284.0
135.0
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
86.8
2256.8
1.5
4.6
9.2
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
431.2
40.0
158.6
240.2
323.4
34.9
34.9
34.9
34.9
34.9
34.9
34.9
34.9
34.9
34.9
1709.0
750.8
100

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
53.2
53.2
212.8
4.5
4.5
319.1
4.5
425.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
53.2
1063.8
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.5
559.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
478.0
12428.0
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
95.6
2485.6
2.1
6.4
12.8
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
21.3
595.7
55.3
219.1
331.9
446.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
42.8
2218.7
1006.2

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
59.4
59.4
237.8
4.5
4.5
356.6
4.5
475.5
4.5

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
59.4
1188.8
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
29.5
766.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
655.0
17030.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
131.0
3406.0
2.4
7.1
14.3
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.8
665.7
61.8
244.9
370.9
499.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
53.3
2620.8
1155.3
101

Nm
1
Vn u t (Tr. USD)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2015-2045
83.3
83.3
333.0
4.5
4.5
499.5
4.5
666.0
4.5
1665.0
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
52.2
1356.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
135.0
1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0 1159.0

3
Chi ph O&M (t VN)
83.3
30134.0
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
231.8
6026.8
3.3
10.0
20.0
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
932.4
86.6
343.0
519.5
699.3
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
85.5
3953.4
1680.0
102
Tng hp vn u t xy dng cc h thng truyn ti

Khi lng xy dng v vn u t phng n AC500kV-270km
TT
1
2
Hng mc
ng dy
ng dy truyn ti
mch kp
ng dy truyn ti
mch n
Trm bin p
Trm bin p 500kV
(tnh c pha ngun)
Tng vn u t
Chi ph hin ti ho
in n
s
p, kV v lng
Khi lng xy dng tng ng vi P (MW)
n
gi
Vn u t (triu USD)
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000
500
km
270
0.60
500
km
270
0.38
500
trm
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
162.00 162.00 324.00 324.00 486.00

101.25 101.25
8000
10000
12000
648.00
810.00
972.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
101.25
25000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000 125.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00
388.25 413.25 524.00 675.25 786.00 1048.00 1310.00 1572.00

411.20 467.90 605.54 776.82 914.45 1223.66 1533.04 1842.41
TT
Hng mc
in n
p, kV v
S
n gi
lng

2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
1.20
0.75
1
1
1
1
Vn u t (triu USD)
8000 10000 12000
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
12000
648.00
648.00
202.50
972.00
ng dy
1
2
ng dy truyn ti mch kp
ng dy truyn ti mch n
Trm bin p 500kV
500
trm
25000
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000 10000 12000 62.50
100.00 125.00 150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
Trm bin p 765kV
765
trm
30000
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000 10000 12000 210.00 234.00 312.00 330.00 360.00
432.00
540.00
648.00
765
765
km
km
270
270
2
1
324.00 324.00 324.00 324.00 324.00

202.50 202.50
Trm bin p
75.00
Tng vn u t
596.50 633.00 736.00 981.50 1036.50 1280.00 1640.50 1920.00
Chi ph hin ti ho
527.70 569.55 682.92 893.65 968.23 1206.32 1543.32 1814.86
103
Khi lng xy dng v vn u t phng n DC500kV-270km
TT
Hng mc
in p,
S
n v
n gi
kV
lng
Vn u t (triu USD)
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000
2500
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
12000
129.60 129.60
129.60
81.00
259.20
259.20
388.80
388.80
81.00
518.40
25000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000 125.00 150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
800.00
1000.00 1200.00 1600.00 2000.00 2400.0
ng dy
1
1
1
1
500
500
km
km
270
270
Trm ph ti
500
trm
Trm chuyn i
500
trm
0.48
0.30
1
1
3
1
Trm bin p
100
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000 8000 10000 12000 500.00 600.00
Tng vn u t
754.60 879.60 1210.60 1509.20 1759.20 2388.80 2969.80 3518.4
Chi ph hin ti ho
702.98 835.87 1134.38 1417.49 1671.74 2253.36 2806.11 3343.4
TT
Hng mc
in p,
n gi
n v gi tr
kV
(Triu $)
Khi lng xy dng tng

ng vi P (MW)
1500 2000 2500 3000 4500
Vn u t (triu USD)
1500
2000
2500
3000
4500
ng dy
1
1
500
500
km
km
450
450
500
trm
0.60
0.38
168.75
270.00 270.00 270.00

168.75 168.75
540.00
168.75
25000.00 1500 2000 2500 3000 4500 75.00
100.00 125.00 150.00
225.00
243.75 370.00 563.75 588.75
933.75
1
1
1
1
2
1
Trm bin p
1
Trm bin p
Tng vn u t
Chi ph hin ti ho
332.55 418.51 590.75 656.82 1072.48
104
Khi lng xy dng v vn u t phng n DC500kV-450km
TT
Hng mc
Khi lng xy dng

tng ng vi P (MW)
in p,
S
n gi
n v
kV
lng
Vn u t (triu USD)
1500 2000 2500 3000 4500
1500
2000
2500
3000
4500
216.00 216.00
216.00
216.00
135.00
ng dy
1
2
500
500
km
km
450
450
0.48
0.30
1
1
135.00
Trm bin p
1
Trm 500kV
500
trm
25000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4500 75.00
100.00 125.00
150.00
225.00
Trm chuyn i
500
trm
100.00 1500 2000 2500 3000 4500 300.00 400.00 500.00
600.00
900.00
Tng vn u t
510.00 716.00 841.00
966.00
1476.00
Chi ph hin ti ho
495.66 675.01 802.93
946.33
1389.65
Khi lng xy dng v vn u t phng n Back-to-Back 500kV-450km
TT
Hng mc
in p,
n gi
n v gi tr
kV
(Triu $)
Khi lng xy dng

tng ng vi P (MW)
1500 2000 2500 3000 4500
Vn u t (triu USD)
1500
2000
2500
3000
4500
270.00
270.00
168.75
270.00
168.75
540.00
100.00
125.00
150.00
225.00
1500 2000 2500 3000 4500 300.00 400.00
500.00
600.00
900.00
Tng vn u t
543.75 770.00 1063.75
1188.75
1665.00
Chi ph hin ti ho
581.81 750.85 1006.17
1155.34
1680.04
ng dy
1
1
500
500
km
km
450
450
0.60
0.38
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
168.75
Trm bin p
1
Trm AC
500
trm
Trm chuyn i
500
trm
25000.00 1500 2000 2500 3000 4500 75.00

100.00
105
Ti liu tham kho:

1- Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Fink, Donal G.- McGraw-Hill Pro.
Publishing, 2006.
2- Mng li in** tnh ch xc lp ca cc mng in v h thng in phc
tp Nguyn Vn m NXB Khoa hc k thut 2001.
3- Planning and Design of Transmission and Distribution Kopec 2008.
4- La chn cc thng s chnh ca ng dy truyn ti in siu cao p mt
chiu lin kt gia Vit Nam Trung Quc v tnh ton cc ch lm vic
Trn Ngc Khanh lun vn thc s khoa hc H Bch Khoa HN 2005.
5- Creating the Twentieth Century- Oxford University Press 2005
6- ABB Review: Ultra high voltage transmission ABB 2007.
7- HVDC Transmission Michael Bahrman, P.E. IEEE PSCE 2006
8- Power Transmission with HVDC at Voltages above 600 kV U Astrom, L.
Weimers, V. Lescale and G. Asplund IEEE/PES Transmission and
Distribution Conference China 2005.

9- High Voltage Direct Curent (HVDC) Transmission System Technology Review
Paper Roberto Rudervall (ABB Swed.), J.P. Charpentier (WB), Raghuveer
Sharma (ABB Swed.)
10- HVDC Power Transmission for Remote Hydroelectric Plants John Graham,
Abhay Kumar, Gei Biledt (ABB) 2005.
11- Role of HVDC and FACTS in future Power Systems Siemens AG 2004.
12- HVDC Power Transmission Technology Assessment Report ORNL Oak Ridge
National Laboratory 1997.
13- Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia giai on 2006-2015 c xt n
2025 Vin nng lng 2006.

14- Quy hoch u ni li in 500kV, 220kV gia Vit Nam v Trung Quc
n nm 2025 Vin nng lng 2006.

15- Nghin cu kh nng hp tc trong lnh vc nng lng gia Vit Nam v
Trung Quc Vin nng lng 2004.

16- V mt s ti liu khc.
106

Dong Ngan Mach

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B Cng thng

NGHIN CU KH NNG NG DNG TRUYN

Nguyn Mnh Cng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Lch s pht trin cng ngh truyn ti in ..................................... 7

Cc thnh tu mi t c ca cng ngh truyn ti in. ........... 10

Cc yu cu k thut chnh ca tryn ti in siu cao p mt chiu .

Thnh phn c bn .................................................................... 13

Trm chuyn i ....................................................................... 16

Cc kiu truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu .................................... 18

Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng truyn ti in 1 chiu....... 21

u nhc im ca h thng truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu .... 24

Mt s h thng truyn ti in cao p 1 chiu trn th gii .... 25

CHNG II. Cc yu t nh hng n chi ph u t h thng truyn ti

+ nh hng ca cng sut v khong cch truyn ti. ................. 30

+ nh hng ca cc yu t khc ................................................... 34

CHNG III. Kho st s bin thin ca chi ph u t khi cc yu t u

Xc nh cc thnh phn ca chi ph u t .................................... 39

Phng php chung nh gi d n u t: ......................... 39

3.1.2. La chn phng php so snh kinh t d n u t cho n

Tnh ton chi ph trong trng hp yu t u vo thay i........... 42

CHNG IV. ng dng trong cc trng hp c th ti Vit Nam. .......... 43

Cc gi thit a vo tnh ton: ....................................................... 43

Cc gi thit v mt k thut ..................................................... 43

Cc gi thit v mt kinh t ....................................................... 44

Tnh ton chi ph hin ti ha khi cc yu t u vo thay i ....... 46

M phng h thng in trong PSS/E....................................... 46

Khong cch truyn ti 270 km ................................................ 49

Khong cch truyn ti 450 km ................................................ 58

Nhng d n truyn ti 1 chiu tim nng ...................................... 63

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Truyn ti in khu vc Nam Trung b - ng Nam B: ........ 63

Truyn ti in lin kt Vit Nam Trung Quc: .................... 64

M phng cc h thng in n gin: ........................................... 68

Vn u t v chi ph hin ti ha cho cc d n truyn ti in: . 82

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

TNG QUAN V H THNG TRUYN TI

1.1. Lch s pht trin cng ngh truyn ti in

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Tn cng trnh HVDC

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Tn cng trnh HVDC

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Tn cng trnh HVDC

1.2. Cc thnh tu mi t c ca cng ngh truyn

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

cho vic ci to h thng truyn ti in trong cc thnh ph ln v nhng ni hn

Phng pht trin h thng in Vin nng lng

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam

Ngoi lin kt cc h thng khng ng b, hin my bin tn quay ang pht

ti nghin cu khoa hc Nghin cu kh nng ng dng truyn ti in mt chiu vit nam