HUMANITIES 1. What then are the humanities?

Broadly speaking, they are records of mans quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself and about life. 2. Content of Humanities Anything that is inherently human - mans experiences, his values, his sentiments, his ideals, his goals. Thus, humanities are the expressions of mans feelings and thoughts. 3. History of Humanities It was first applied to the writings of ancient Latin authors which were read not only for their clarity of language and forceful literary style, but also for their moral teaching. during the Medieval Age It dealt with the metaphysics of the religious philosopher. The goal was the cultivation of the spiritual life and the preparation for the hereafter. during the Renaissance It came to refer to the set of disciplines taught in the universities. A body of knowledge aimed to make man human, cultured, and refined. At present The humanities serve to provide the student with certain skills and values through the arts. Distinction of Humanities from Sciences HUMANITIES: Deals with the internal world The approach is subjective It makes use of perception, feeling, Intuition and Insights. SCIENCES: Deals with the external world The approach is objective and It makes use of observation, measurement, and experimentation. Distinction of Humanities from Social Sciences HUMANITIES: The focus is on man as an individual. SOCIAL SCIENCES: The main interest is on types and groups of human beings, and on the institutions and processes of society. SUBJECTS OF ART & WAYS OF REPRESENTING SUBJECT SUBJECT OF ART: It refers to any person, object, scene, or event described or represented in a work of art. Subjects represents the focal point of the work of art. They are the main topic and feature a particular art work had been made . Subjects are the emphasis of an art work .

 Subject is the reason why a particular artwork exists. REPRESENTATIONAL OR OBJECTIVE ART Are those that have subject. Example: painting, sculpture, graphic arts, literature and the theater arts NON-REPRESENTATIONAL OR NON-OBJECTIVE ART Are those that do not have subject. Example: music, architecture and functional arts KINDS OF SUBJECT

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WAYS OF REPRESENTING SUBJECT The artist determines the manner of representing the subject, based on his purpose and the message he would like to put across REALISM Employed when things are depicted in the way that they would appear normally.

ABSTRACTION Demands the quality of the artistic impression while making the artwork or the masterpiece.

Distortion Manner in representing the subject in proportions that differ from its natural appearance.

Elongation The prolongation of what is original of the subject. Extension of the subjects appearance.

Cubism

Appearance of the art work is in cube like shapes or geometric figures that is designed with patterns and coloration.

Symbolism Subject matters depicts symbol s that may be hidden in the various icons representing the artwork.

CONTENT OF ART It refers to what the artist expresses or communicates on the whole in his work. Sometimes it is spoken of as the meaning of the work. In literature, it is called the theme. It is the statement we apprehend or the feeling or mood we experience with the work of art. Content reveals the artists attitude toward his subject. LEVELS OF MEANING IN ART FACTUAL MEANING: It is the literal statement or the narrative content in the work which can be directly apprehended because the objects presented are easily recognized. This meaning is often supplemented by other levels of meaning.

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CONVENTIONAL MEANING: It refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color has for a particular culture or group of people.

SUBJECTIVE MEANING It is any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed by the artist using a private symbolism which stems from his own association of certain objects, actions, or colors with past experiences. means. It tends to be interpreted differently by each viewer or reader who may see it in the light of his own associations.

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This can be fully understood only when the artist himself explains what he really

FUNCTIONS OF ART FUNCTIONAL: It serves some practical usefulness.

A DI AMOND RI NG & SK

Example: architecture, weaving, furniture-making and few other crafts NON- FUNCTIONAL It seems to serve no other end than to amuse or provide a pleasant escape from lifes daily problems. Example: painting, sculpture, literature, music, and the theater arts GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ART Our individual needs for personal expression. Our social needs for display, celebration and communication

 Our physical needs for utilitarian objects and structure. Personal functions of art Works of art make us aware of other ways of thinking, feeling, and imagining that have never occurred to us before. They offer us fresh insights into nature and human nature so that we gain a better understanding of ourselves and the world around us. They help us improve our lives.

Social functions of art It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people.

It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations. It expresses or

describes social or collective aspects of existence as opposed to individual and personal kinds of experiences.

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Physical functions of art The function of an object generally determine the basic form that it takes. (FORM AND FUNCTION) The design of a building is determined primarily by its operational function. (ARCHITECTURE) It involves the efficient organization of buildings, roads, and spaces so that they meet the physical and aesthetic needs of the community (COMMUNITY PLANNING / ZONING).

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FUNCTIONS AND BEAUTY Functional works of art must not only perform their function efficiently but must also be aesthetically pleasing. It is the presence of this quality of delighting the beholder because of a harmonious arrangement of the formal elements that distinguishes a work of art from an ordinary functional object.

COMMUNI T

ELEMENTS & ORGANIZATION OF ART These are useful elements used in arts in order to identify the meaning and significance of each subject present. Elements of Arts The elements of art are a commonly used group of aspects of a work of art used in teaching and analysis, in combination with the principles of art. Lists of the elements of art vary somewhat but typically include the following: color, value, form, line, space, shape, and texture. Direction and size are added by some sources. THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS LINE: It is mans own invention. It does not exist in nature. The artist uses lines to imitate or represent objects and figures on a flat surface. Simplest , most , most primitive , most universal means of creating visual art. Lines always have direction . They are always active. The prolongation of points is said to create a LINE.

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QUALITIES OF LINES:

 They maybe short or long, fine or thick, heavy or light, wavy or jagged, straight or curved. They usually delineate shapes. Used across or within a shape, they give the effect of solidity or create an illusion of volume, or rough or smooth texture. A series of heavy lines drawn close to each other creates an impression of roughness. A few light strokes can give a sensation of softness and delicacy.

Application of Lines in Visual Arts

Line movement and direction

SHAPE

COLOR Color or colour is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, green, blue and others. Color derives from the spectrum of light (distribution of light energy versus wavelength) interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors.
Color is a series of wave lengths which strike our retina. It is derived from light, whether natural or artificial.

Pigmentation (or color quality) enables objects to absorb some of the colors and reflect only one. NEUTRAL COLORS Some objects do not have colors. These colors are not present in the color spectrum. They do not have any color quality instead they differ in the quantity of light that they reflect.

 They are called neutrals since they do not reflect any one distinct color.

BLACK reflects no light at all; WHITE reflects all colors and GRAY results from partial reflection of light. The science of color is sometimes called chromatics. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (that is, what we commonly refer to simply as light). Physical Properties of Color 1. Hue The quality which gives color its name. It refers to a pure colorone without tint or shade (added white or black pigment, respectively). A hue is an element of the color wheel. Hues are first processed in the brain in areas in the extended V4 called globs. 2. Intensity It describes the purity of a color. It is the strength of the colors hue. The quality of light in a color. Primary Colors (RED, BLUE, YELLOW) Secondary Colors (GREEN, VOILET, ORANGE) Intermediate Colors

COLOR WHEEL 3. Value It refers to the amount of black or white mixed with the color thereby changing the quantity of light it reflects. The lightness or darkness of a color. Tint & Shade Tint is the mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness, and a shade is the mixture of a color with black, which reduces lightness. Mixing a color with any neutral color, including black and white, reduces the chroma, or colorfulness, while the hue remains unchanged.

Lightness (sometimes called value or tone) a property of a color, or a dimension of a color space, that is defined in a way to reflect the subjective brightness perception of a color for humans along a lightnessdarkness axis. A color's lightness also corresponds to its amplitude. Types of Shading In subtractive color (i.e. paints) value changes can be achieved by adding black or white to the color. However, this also reduces saturation. Chiaroscuro and Tenebrism both take advantage of dramatic contrasts of value to heighten drama in art. Artists may also employ shading, subtle manipulation of value. COLOR SYMBOLISM RED : Excitement, energy, passion, love, desire, speed, strength, power, heat, aggression, danger, fire, blood, war, violence, all things intense and passionate. PINK: Pink symbolizes love, romance, and excitement BEIGE : Beige and ivory symbolize unification. Ivory symbolizes quiet and pleasantness. Beige symbolizes calm and simplicity YELLOW : Joy, happiness, betrayal, optimism, idealism, imagination, hope, sunshine, summer, gold, philosophy, dishonesty, cowardice, jealousy, covetousness, deceit, illness, hazard. BLUE: Peace, tranquility, cold, calm, stability, harmony, unity, trust, truth, confidence, conservatism, security, cleanliness, order, loyalty, sky, water, technology, depression, appetite suppressant TURQUOISE : Turquoise symbolizes calm. Teal symbolizes sophistication. Aquamarine symbolizes water. Lighter turquoise has a feminine appeal. VIOLET : Royalty, nobility, spirituality, ceremony, mysterious, transformation, wisdom, enlightenment, cruelty, arrogance, mourning LAVANDER : Lavender symbolizes femininity, grace and elegance. ORANGE : Energy, balance, enthusiasm, warmth, vibrant, expansive, flamboyant, demanding of attention GREEN ; Nature, environment, healthy, good luck, renewal, youth, spring, generosity, fertility, jealousy, inexperience, envy, misfortune, vigor. BROWN:

Earth, stability, hearth, home, outdoors, reliability, comfort, endurance, simplicity, and comfort GREY : Security, reliability, intelligence, staid, modesty, dignity, maturity, solid, conservative, practical, old age, sadness, boring. Silver symbolizes calm WHITE : Reverence, purity, birth, simplicity, cleanliness, peace, humility, precision, innocence, youth, winter, snow, good, sterility, marriage (Western cultures), death (Eastern cultures), cold, clinical. BLACK : Power, sexuality, sophistication, formality, elegance, wealth, mystery, fear, evil, unhappiness, depth, style, evil, sadness, remorse, anger, anonymity, underground, good technical color, mourning, death (Western cultures). TEXTURE Has to do chiefly with the sense of touch or tactile of an object. We learn texture through touching the specific object in order to identify the tactile of it.

SPACE TWO DIMENSIONAL Is hanged and has a flat surface. Is seen only in two dimensions right and left with the eye and has no perspective base. EXAMPLE: 1. Painting 2. Musical composition

3. 4. 5. 6.

Printmaking Photography Illuminated Manuscripts Tapestry

THREE DIMENSIONAL Is seen in all angles. Is intended to be hanged or suspended. One can see the rear front and sides of the art work. EXAMPLE 1. Sculpture 2. Architecture 3. Dance 4. Landscape SHAPE NATURAL SHAPES BIOMORPHIC SHAPES GEOMETRIC SHAPES