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Ganglion cyst

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Ganglion cyst Classification & external resources

Cyst on left wrist

ICD-10 ICD-9

M67.4 727.4

DiseasesDB 31229 eMedicine orthoped/493

A ganglion cyst (also known as a bible bump) is a swelling that often appears on or around joints and tendons in the hand or foot. The size of the cyst can vary over time, often becoming more inflamed if irritated. It is most frequently located around the wrist and on the fingers.

Contents
[hide]

1 Cause 2 Treatment 3 Epidemiology 4 See also 5 External links 6 References

[edit] Cause
The exact cause of the formation of ganglion cysts is still unknown. They are believed to be caused by overuse of a specific joint, which results in the degeneration of the surrounding fibrous tissue and the development of a cystic structure.[1] The cyst contains clear fluid similar to synovial fluid. They are most often found around the wrist joint, especially at the scapho-lunate joint, which accounts for 80% of all ganglion cysts. Ganglia are especially common in people who perform repetitive or strenuous activity with the wrist, including weight lifters, gymnasts, waiters, tennis and golf players, and musicians. Among the latter, double bass players may develop ganglion cysts after extensive use of the German bow. A common misconception is that ganglion cysts are due to pockets of the synovium protruding from the joint capsule. However, this would not account for the toughness of the cyst.

[edit] Treatment
Frequently, the cysts will disappear over time. In cases of small cysts that do not cause other symptoms, no other treatment is necessary. If a ganglion cyst is symptomatic, it can be managed by aspiration or excision. Aspiration of the cyst is the simpler of the two procedures, but cysts recur in approximately 50% of cases. With surgery, the recurrence rate is reduced to only 5 to 10% if it is fully taken out, and complications rarely develop. Recurrence rates are lower when the hand or finger is immobilized for 1 to 2 weeks. Arthroscopy of the wrist is becoming available alternative to open excision of ganglion cysts. During arthroscopy, the origin of the cyst can be seen. No immobilization is needed after arthroscopy. One traditional method of treating a ganglion tumor was to strike the lump with a large, heavy book, causing the cyst to rupture and drain into the surrounding tissues. Since even the poorest households often possessed a bible, this was commonly used, which led to the nicknaming of ganglion cysts as "Bible Bumps" or "Gideon's Disease". This treatment

may be effective, but is no longer recommended, as patients risk damaging the surrounding area. As this may make the cyst worse, other treatment options are preferable.

[edit] Epidemiology
Ganglion cysts occur most often in the 2060 age group and are three times more common in women.[2]

[edit] See also

Ganglion

[edit] External links


Ganglions (cysts) of the wrist - American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons A Patient's Guide to Ganglions of the Wrist Ganglion cyst - Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Ganglion cyst - eMedicine.com

[edit] References
1. ^ Browse NL (1997) Symptoms and Signs of Surgical Disease. 3rd ed. London: Arnold. 2. ^ http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic493.htm [hide]
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Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M, 710-739)


Arthritis (Septic arthritis, Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease) - crystal (Gout, Chondrocalcinosis) - Osteoarthritis (Heberden's node, Bouchard's nodes) acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Arthropathies Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula) patella (Luxating patella, Chondromalacia patellae) Protrusio acetabuli - Hemarthrosis - Arthralgia - Osteophyte Systemic connective Polyarteritis nodosa - Churg-Strauss syndrome - Kawasaki disease tissue disorders Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Wegener's

granulomatosis - Arteritis (Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis) Microscopic polyangiitis - Systemic lupus erythematosus (Druginduced) - Dermatomyositis (Juvenile dermatomyositis) - Polymyositis - Scleroderma - Sjgren's syndrome - Behet's disease - Polymyalgia rheumatica - Eosinophilic fasciitis - Hypermobility Kyphosis - Lordosis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann's disease Spondylolysis - Torticollis - Spondylolisthesis - Spondylopathies Dorsopathies (Ankylosing spondylitis, Spondylosis, Spinal stenosis) - Schmorl's nodes - Degenerative disc disease - Coccydynia - Back pain (Radiculopathy, Neck pain, Sciatica, Low back pain) muscle: Myositis - Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) synovium and tendon: Synovitis/Tenosynovitis (Calcific tendinitis, Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) Irritable hip - Ganglion cyst bursa: bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric) - Baker's cyst fibroblastic disorders (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Soft tissue disorders Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) shoulder lesions: Adhesive capsulitis - Rotator cuff tear - Subacromial bursitis enthesis: enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Patellar tendinitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendinitis) other, NEC: Muscle weakness - Rheumatism - Myalgia - Neuralgia Neuritis - Panniculitis - Fibromyalgia disorders of bone density and structure: Osteoporosis - Osteomalacia continuity of bone (Pseudarthrosis, Stress fracture) - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia - Skeletal fluorosis - Aneurysmal bone cyst Osteopathies Hyperostosis - Osteosclerosis Osteomyelitis - Avascular necrosis - Paget's disease of bone Algoneurodystrophy - Osteolysis - Infantile cortical hyperostosis Juvenile osteochondrosis (Legg-Calv-Perthes syndrome, OsgoodChondropathies Schlatter disease, Khler disease, Sever's disease) - Osteochondritis Tietze's syndrome See also congenital conditions (Q65-Q79, 754-756)

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