OECD Stat Renew6109141e

I E A
S T A T I S T I C S
I N T E R N AT I O N A L E N E R G Y A G E N C Y
RENEWABLES
INFORMATION
2009
Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at
www.iea.org/about/ copyright.asp
RENEWABLES
INFORMATION
2009
with 2008 data
2009
IEA member countries: Australia
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous body which was established in November 1974 within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to implement an international energy programme. It carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among twenty-eight of the thirty OECD member countries. The basic aims of the IEA are: n To maintain and improve systems for coping with oil supply disruptions. n To promote rational energy policies in a global context through co-operative relations with non-member countries, industry and international organisations. n To operate a permanent information system on international oil markets. n To provide data on other aspects of international energy markets. n To improve the worlds energy supply and demand structure by developing alternative energy sources and increasing the efciency of energy use. n To promote international collaboration on energy technology. n To assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies, including relating to climate change.
Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan
Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA. ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of thirty democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies.
OECD/IEA, 2009
International Energy Agency (IEA)
9 rue de la Fdration, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Please note that this publication is subject to specic restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................v
1. Principles and definitions........................... vii
General notes ........................................................ vii Data sources ........................................................ viii Primary energy conventions ................................... ix Units and conversions ............................................ ix Notes on energy sources and flows.........................x
2. 3. 4.
Geographical coverage .............................. xv Country notes ............................................ xvii Conversion factors ................................... xxv
PART I
RENEWABLES IN GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY
Development of Renewables and Waste in the World

An IEA fact sheet ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Development of Renewables and Waste in OECD Countries

Primary energy supply ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Electricity production ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Installed generating capacity..............................................................................................................................................13
Understanding Solar Energy Statistics ....................................................................................................... 15
PART II RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW

Table 1. World: renewables indicators in 2007 ..................................................................................................................25 Table 2. OECD: contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES .................................................................................28 Table 3. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources ...........................................................................29 Table 4. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydro .................................................30 Table 5. OECD: primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2007 ..........................................................................31 Table 6. OECD: estimated primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2008 .........................................................32
PART III DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA

Directory of Part III Graphs and Tables
OECD Total................................................................... 35 OECD North America .................................................... 45 OECD/IEA Pacific ......................................................... 55 OECD Europe ............................................................... 65 IEA Total ....................................................................... 75 IEA North America ........................................................ 85 IEA Europe.................................................................... 95 Australia ...................................................................... 105 Austria ......................................................................... 115 Belgium ....................................................................... 125 Canada ....................................................................... 135 Czech Republic ........................................................... 145 Denmark ..................................................................... 155 Finland ........................................................................ 165 France ......................................................................... 175 Germany ..................................................................... 185 Greece ........................................................................ 195 Hungary ...................................................................... 205 Iceland .........................................................................215 Ireland ..........................................................................225 Italy ..............................................................................235 Japan ...........................................................................245 Korea ...........................................................................255 Luxembourg .................................................................265 Mexico .........................................................................275 Netherlands .................................................................285 New Zealand................................................................295 Norway.........................................................................305 Poland..........................................................................315 Portugal .......................................................................325 Slovak Republic ...........................................................335 Spain............................................................................345 Sweden ........................................................................355 Switzerland ..................................................................365 Turkey ..........................................................................375 United Kingdom ...........................................................385 United States ...............................................................395
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ABBREVIATIONS
GJ GW GWh kW kWh MW MWh m2 t TJ 1 toe TWh
: : : : : : :
:
Gigajoule (109 joules) Gigawatt Gigawatt hour = 3.6 Terajoules kilowatt kilowatt hour Megawatt (electric) Megawatt hour Megawatt thermal metre squared metric ton = tonne Terajoule (1012 joules) tonne of oil equivalent = 41.868 GJ = 107 kcal Terawatt hour
MWth :
: : : :
GDP RES TPES
: : :
Gross domestic product Renewable energy sources Total primary energy supply
c e .. x
: : : :
confidential data estimated data not available not applicable
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - v
INTRODUCTION
Renewables Information 2009 is the eighth edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on renewable and waste energies to policy and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors of the renewables industry. This monitoring and reporting of historical trends as well as the current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, to better inform the policy decision process towards policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Renewables Information 2009 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on renewables and waste. It covers production, trade, transformation to electricity and heat, final consumption and installed generating capacity from renewables and waste. This introduction is followed by important information that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication. The information is structured as follows: 1. Principles and definitions General notes Data sources Primary energy conventions Units and conversions Notes on energy sources and flows 2. Geographical coverage 3. Country notes 4. Conversion factors Part I of the publication provides an overview of developments in the markets for renewables and waste in the world. A greater focus is given to OECD Member countries. It also provides selected renewables indicators for non-OECD countries. This edition of Renewables Information will also focus on the challenges associated with the collection of data from solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies. By providing a detailed explanation of these issues, this article aims to assist the reader in Understanding Solar Energy Statistics presented in this publication. Part II provides, in a tabular form, a statistical overview corresponding to Part I. Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments in renewables and waste for each of the 30 OECD Member countries. The OECD data shown in this publication are primarily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administrations to ensure consistency in time series and with IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. The finalised data provide the basis for Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, national submissions to the United Nations and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the methodology sections of those publications for more detail on individual non-member countries covered in the publication. All tables are available on CD-ROM. Information on ordering CD-ROMs and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at www.iea.org. In addition, a data service is available on the internet. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-perview basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org.
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Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA Web site. Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD renewables and waste statistics were the responsibility of Ms. Yasmina Abdelilah. Mr. Michel Francoeur had overall responsibility for this publication. Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the nonOECD Member countries section headed by Mrs. Roberta Quadrelli, to the OECD Balances section headed by Mrs. Karen Tranton, to Mr. Cdric Philibert of the Renewable Energy Unit, and Mr. David Wilkinson of the Office of the Chief Economist for their contribution to Part I of the publication.
Editorial and secretarial support from Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged. Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to: Michel Francoeur or Yasmina Abdelilah Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fdration 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Tel: (33 1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 66 27 Fax: (33 1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail: renewaq@iea.org
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - vii
1. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS

The following section is structured as follows: General notes Data sources Primary energy conventions Units and conversions Notes on energy sources and flows regarding solar energy data, where for a number of countries, production and capacity are likely to be considerably higher than indicated in this publication. One general issue regarding renewable statistics is that the variety of definitions for the word renewable may not refer to the same energy sources. Some of the definitions of renewable energy used by national and international bodies, include specific renewables technologies such as large hydro, geothermal, peat, municipal waste or industrial waste while others exclude them. Similarly, renewables may or may not include non-commercial biomass, which has substantial effects regarding renewable data for developing countries. The Renewable Energy Working Party of the International Energy Agency set down the following broad definition: Renewable Energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. Therefore, in this publication the renewable products are: hydro (large, medium and small), geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide, wave, ocean, wind, solid biomass, gases from biomass, liquid biomass and renewable municipal waste. It follows that total renewables does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste, waste heat, net heat generated by heat pumps, and electricity generated with hydro pumped storage. While some OECD member countries accept industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste as
General notes
This publication is the eighth edition of Renewables Information. Energy data for OECD countries are submitted by all OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat in a common format and methodology to allow international comparison. Even though data quality improves with each new edition due to the continuous efforts of the IEA in partnership with national administrations, it is important to highlight that difficulties exist in the collection of some data. As a result, there are often breaks in the time series among countries. For example, one continuing problem is the breakdown between renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. The breakdown is important because most countries include the renewable (biodegradable) part of municipal waste in their renewables definition, while they exclude the remainder. Furthermore, the non-renewable component is counted when calculating CO2 emissions. Data collection from off-grid systems that work independently or are connected to a local distribution system also remains a problem. These systems are frequently omitted in national statistics due to difficulties in collecting these data. This is, for example, the case
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renewable energy sources, many countries exclude them on the grounds that they are not biodegradable. Under IEA methodology, industrial waste and nonrenewable municipal waste are excluded from the definition of renewable energy sources. However, these data are included in this publication in order to account for the full range of statistics collected in the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire. A division into renewable and non-renewable municipal waste is sometimes based on estimates. Similarly, in some countries industrial waste statistics are not of the same quality as those for other products, because renewables and waste data collection systems were not in place in many countries in the early 1990s. Non-commercial biomass is included in our definition, but data are not always complete. Electricity from fuel cells using hydrogen from renewable as well as non-renewable sources is not included in this publication due to lack of reliable information. Energy flows data reported for 2008 (shown as 2008e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2009 and on monthly submissions to the IEA from Member countries. Special attention should also be given to the percentage of renewables over TPES in countries where the net trade of electricity is large and represents a significant percentage. In these cases, the high net imports or exports of electricity can heavily influence upward or downwards the percentage of renewables in TPES. Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this publication are based on data available at time of publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD data to be published in Energy Statistics of non-OECD Countries. Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries.
i) IEA/OECD renewables statistics

This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydro, solid biomass, geothermal, renewable municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, liquid biomass, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide/wave/ ocean, non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes electricity and heat production from renewable sources and supply/demand balances of renewable and waste products. The main data from this system are published annually in this publication.
ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics

This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producer (formerly public) and autoproducer plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.
iii) IEA/OECD energy balances

Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics systems of the IEA. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found.
iv) OECD main economic indicators

OECD Main Economic Indicators is a monthly compilation of a range of indicators on recent economic developments for the 30 OECD Member countries. Please refer to this publication for detailed notes regarding the selected indicators.
Latest year data: 2008
Data sources
Historical data (1990-2007)
The annual historical data in Part III of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries.
Energy data reported for 2008 in this publication are submitted to the Secretariat by Member countries as preliminary data and are shown in this book as 2008e. Final 2008 data on renewables and waste will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in Annual Questionnaires in late 2009. As a result, final data for 2008 and preliminary 2009 data will be published in the 2010 edition of Renewables Information.
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - ix
Primary energy conventions

There are two assumptions that must be made when constructing an energy balance for certain renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, hydro, wind, etc.: 1) the form of the primary energy and 2) the method for calculation of the primary energy equivalent. The conventions for these are described below.
1) Choice of the primary energy form

For each of these sources, there is a need to define the form of primary energy to be considered; for instance, in the case of hydro energy, a choice must be made between the kinetic energy of falling water and the electricity produced. For photovoltaic electricity, the choice is between the solar radiation received and the electricity produced. The principle adopted by the IEA is that the primary energy form should be the first energy form downstream in the production process for which multiple energy uses are practical. The application of this principle leads to the choice of the following primary energy forms: Heat for geothermal and solar thermal; Electricity for hydro, wind, tide/wave/ocean and solar photovoltaic.
energy source as the primary energy equivalent. As a consequence, there is an obvious link between the principles adopted in defining the primary energy forms of energy sources (1) and the primary energy equivalent of these sources (2). For instance, in the case of solar thermal and geothermal electricity production, where heat is selected as the primary energy form by the IEA, the primary energy equivalent is the quantity of heat generated in the geothermal or solar thermal plant for electricity generation. In the case of hydro, wind, tide and solar PV, where electricity is selected as the primary energy form, the primary energy equivalent is the physical energy content of the electricity generated in the plant, which amounts to assuming an efficiency of 100%. For geothermal and solar thermal, if no countryspecific information was available, the primary energy equivalent is calculated as follow: 10% for geothermal electricity 50% for geothermal heat 100% for solar thermal heat. Since these two types of energy balances differ significantly in the treatment of electricity from solar, hydro, wind, etc., the share of renewables in total energy supply will appear to be very different depending on the method used. As a result, when looking at the percentages of various energy sources in total supply, it is important to understand the underlying conventions that were used to calculate the primary energy balances.
2) Calculation of the primary energy equivalent

There are essentially two methods that can be used to calculate the primary energy equivalent of the above energy sources: the partial substitution method and the physical energy content method. The partial substitution method: In this method, the primary energy equivalent of the above sources of electricity generation represents the amount of energy that would be necessary to generate an identical amount of electricity in conventional thermal power plants. The primary energy equivalent is calculated using an average generating efficiency of these plants. This method has several shortcomings, including the difficulty in choosing an appropriate generating efficiency and the fact that the partial substitution method is not relevant for countries with a high share of hydro electricity. For these reasons, the IEA has, as most of the international organizations have, adopted the physical energy content method. The physical energy content method: This method uses the physical energy content of the primary
Units and conversions

Conversion (to toe)
All units in this publication are metric units. Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a common energy unit, the tonne of oil equivalent (toe). A tonne of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ), a convenient measure because it is approximately the net heat content of one tonne of average crude oil. This unit is used by the IEA/OECD in its energy balances. Note also that totals may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding. The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific value. The difference between the net and the gross
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calorific value for each fuel is the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. Electricity data are converted from original units of gigawatt hours to million tonnes of oil equivalent using the relationship: 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Complete listings of conversion factors to convert energy sources from basic units to tons of oil equivalent are reported in Section 4 at the end of this Chapter.
Notes on energy sources and flows

Collection of the data presents national governments with some unique challenges. Renewable energy systems tend to be smaller than conventional systems, and harder to track. Operators tend to be more diverse and more numerous. Many systems are connected to the grid at the distribution level, rather than at the transmission level, and so do not require interconnection permits. National governments are seeking to improve data collection methods to reflect the nature of renewable energies. In general, the dispersion of renewables and waste production, specifically off-grid production (such as domestic solar collectors and/or small wind turbines), creates transparency and measurement problems. Thus, the nature and structure of the renewables energy market impedes data quality and reliability when compared to that of the traditional fossil fuels, which mainly produce heat and electricity in grid-connected plants.
Electricity
All electricity data are reported to the IEA in GWh and MWh or MW (for capacity). Figures for the energy equivalent of electricity production and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity, i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Hydro electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide, photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10 per cent when the geothermal energy input is not submitted by a country. 1 TWh = (0.086 0.1) Mtoe
Electricity and heat

Gross electricity production
Gross electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station; it therefore includes the energy taken by station auxiliaries and losses in transformers that are considered integral parts of the station. Although output from pumped storage plants is included in total hydro electricity production, it is excluded from primary hydro electricity generation and therefore it also is excluded from the contribution of renewables.
Heat
Information on heat is supplied in Terajoules (TJ). 1 TJ = 2.388 x 10-5 Mtoe In the case of geothermal heat, the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an average thermal efficiency of 50 per cent, when the geothermal energy input is not submitted by a country. 1 TJ = (2.388 x 10-5 0.5) Mtoe
Gross heat production

Data collected on heat has been expanded to obtain more disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of CHP plants and of Heat only plants. Data on heat become available in different years for different countries and thus aggregated data should be used with caution.
Solar thermal capacity of solar collector surfaces

The nominal solar thermal capacity of solar collectors surfaces is derived using a factor of 0.7 kWth /m2 (IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Implementing Agreement).
Types of plants
Fuel consumption in combustible fuel-fired power plants is split into three types of plants (electricity, CHP and heat). These are defined as follows: Electricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce electricity only.
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Combined heat and power plants (CHP) refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity (sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations). Heat plants refers to plants which are designed to produce heat only. Heat delivered from CHP or Heat plants may be used for process or space heating purposes in any sector of economic activity including the residential sector. It should be noted that the reporting of data on fuel use and electricity and heat production according to plant type is normally conducted at the level of the plant, assuming that if a plant comprises at least one CHP unit then the entire plant is considered a CHP plant.
Stock changes and transfers

Stock Changes and Transfers include the difference between opening stock levels and closing stock levels as well as products transferred.
Gross consumption
Gross Consumption consists of production + net imports stock changes transfers.
Statistics differences
The difference between the calculated and the observed gross consumption
Transformation sector
The transformation sector comprises the conversion of primary forms of energy to secondary forms as well as further transformation processes.
Net maximum capacity

Net maximum capacity is defined as the sum of net maximum capacities of all stations taken individually at a given period of operation. It is the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all plants running, at the point of outlet to the network. It is assumed that all equipment is in full working order, that the power produced can be disposed of without any restrictions and that optimum conditions prevail as regards primary sources (i.e. flow and head in the case of hydro plants; grades and quantity of fuel in hand and water supply, temperature and purity, in the case of combustible fuel-fired plants and assuming that the output and method of production in CHP plants are those which lend to maximum electricity production). It represents the sum of all individual plants maximum capacities available to run continuously throughout a prolonged period of operation in a day. The capacity is net in the sense that it is the output capacity measured at the station busbars, i.e. after deducting the power consumed by station auxiliaries and losses in station transformers.
Energy sector
This includes renewable energies and waste consumed by the energy industry to support the transformation activity.
Distribution losses
Distribution Losses refers to all losses occurring due to transport and distribution.
Final energy consumption

Final Energy Consumption is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors (industry, transport and other).
Products
Hydro
Hydro refers to potential and kinetic energy of water converted into electricity in hydroelectric plants. As a primary energy source, hydro excludes the output energy from pumped storage plants. However, electricity output from pumped storage plants is included in the accounting of overall electricity production.
Supply, transformation and consumption

Primary production
Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. combustible renewables and waste, geothermal or solar thermal. Production is calculated after removal of impurities.
Geothermal
Energy available as heat emitted from within the earth's crust, usually in the form of hot water or steam. It is used for electricity generation, heat production for sale to third parties or directly as heat in its primary form. Electricity output: For electricity generation, unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal
Net imports
Net imports are the sum of total imports minus total exports.
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process is known or submitted by the national administration, the quantity of geothermal energy input for electricity generation is inferred from the electricity production at geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 10%. Heat sold: For heat produced and sold to a third party, unless the actual efficiency of the geothermal process is known or submitted by the national administration, the quantity of geothermal energy input for heat production is inferred from the heat production at geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 50%. Final energy consumption: Directly used as heat for district heating, agriculture or greenhouses.
Renewable municipal waste

Renewable municipal waste consists of the biodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or power. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including biodegradable hospital waste.
Non-renewable municipal waste

Non-renewable municipal waste consists of the nonbiodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or power. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including non-biodegradable hospital waste.
Solar
Solar photovoltaic electricity is estimated on the basis of 100% efficiency (based on the IEA methodology that the first energy form downstream in the production energy is considered the primary supply). Solar thermal transformation input to heat production is inferred assuming a 100% thermal efficiency. The thermal transformation input into electricity is as submitted by the national administration. Passive solar energy for direct heating, cooling or lighting of dwellings or other buildings is not included. Solar photovoltaic: This is solar radiation exploited for electricity generation by photovoltaic cells. Solar thermal: This is solar radiation exploited for hot water production and/or electricity generation by flat plate collectors or solar thermal-electric plants.
Solid biomass
Solid biomass covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin which may be used as fuel for heat production and electricity generation. Wood, Wood Waste, Other Solid Waste: covers wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and crops used for energy production), animal materials/waste, and sulphite lyes (also known as black liquor, this is a sludge that contains the lignin digested from wood for paper making). Charcoal: covers the solid residue of the destructive distillation and pyrolysis of wood and other vegetal material. Since charcoal is a secondary product, its treatment is slightly different than that of the other primary biomass. Production of charcoal (an output in the transformation process) is offset by the inputs of primary biomass into the charcoal production process. The losses from this process are included in the transformation sector. Other supply (e.g. trade and stock changes) as well as consumption are aggregated directly with the primary biomass. In some countries, only primary biomass is reported.
Tide / wave / ocean

Mechanical energy derived from tidal movement, wave motion or ocean current and exploited for electricity generation.
Wind
Kinetic energy of wind exploited for electricity generation by wind turbines.
Gas from biomass

Biogas is derived principally from the anaerobic fermentation of biomass and solid waste and is combusted to produce heat and/or power. Landfill gas: covers gas formed by digestion of landfilled waste.
Industrial waste
Industrial waste (e.g. tyres) consists of solid, liquid or gaseous products combusted directly, usually in specialised plants, to produce heat and/or power and that are not reported in the category solid biomass.
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Sewage sludge gas: covers gas produced from the anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge. Other biogas: covers gas such as biogas produced from the anaerobic fermentation of animal slurries and of waste abattoirs, breweries and other agrofood industries.
Biogasoline: includes bioethanol, biomethanol, bioETBE and bioMTBE. Biodiesels: includes biodiesel, biodimethylether, Fischer Tropsh, cold pressed biooil and all other liquid biofuels which are added to, blended with or used straight as transport diesel. Other liquid biofuels: includes liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesels.
Liquid biomass
Liquid biomass includes fuels and bioadditives such as biogasoline biodiesel and other liquid biofuels.
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2. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Portugal includes the Aores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. With the exception of Iceland and Mexico, all 30 OECD member countries are also member countries of the IEA. The following countries are included in the regional aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates. OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico and the United States. OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and therefore exclude non-IEA Members, shown in italics in the OECD aggregates. Please note that all OECD Pacific countries are also members of IEA and therefore we refer to it as OECD/IEA Pacific. Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cte dIvoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa. Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America. Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia.
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China includes the Peoples Republic of China and Hong Kong (China). Non-OECD Europe includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus 1 , Gibraltar, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Malta, Romania, Serbia2, Montenegro and Slovenia.
Former Soviet Union includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
1. Note by Turkey: With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in the report under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 2. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.
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3. COUNTRY NOTES
General notes
This report is focused on the data from 1990 onward, due to the limited availability of data prior to 1990. The 2008 data are preliminary and are based on national administrations own estimates, unless otherwise specified. For Australia, Japan and New Zealand (prior to 1994) electricity data refer to fiscal years. In cases where the breakdown of municipal waste into renewable and non-renewable components was not reported, the IEA Secretariat estimated equal shares of renewable and non-renewable components. Estimates of solar collector capacity in Canada, Japan, and Norway were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report (2008 Edition). Survey respondents to the Austrian administration had difficulty distinguishing between solid biomass and renewable municipal waste for the classification of the fuel used for electricity produced in 2007 in main activity electricity plants. Until the issue is further resolved, the IEA Secretariat estimated the electricity generated from renewable municipal waste based on 2006 figures and the inputs to transformation based on 2006 plant efficiencies. The remaining shares of electricity were allocated to solid biomass and marked as estimates. Indigenous production of both fuels was adjusted to reflect these estimations. The national administration is planning on revising the 2007 data once the fuel is classified.
Belgium
For 1998 and 1999, electricity production at CHP plants with annual heat output below 0.5 TJ is reported with electricity only plants. The federal authorities are changing their method of collecting data: The operators in the relevant sectors are to be surveyed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs according to a survey based on that of the IEA. The Institut de Conseil et dtudes en Dveloppement Durable will continue to provide complementary information. Due to this ongoing change, industrial waste and other biogas consumed in Transformation sector for 2004 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat. In 2003, combustion of municipal waste for electricity and heat generation purposes increased significantly. However, as a portion of heat produced is not used (sold) it has led to a significant drop in plant efficiencies between 2002 and 2003. Geothermal heat from main activity heat plants from 1990 2007 was previously misclassified as direct use prior to the 2009 edition.
Australia
Biogas production at sewage treatment plants is unavailable. Prior to 1995, electricity production from biogas was included in natural gas. A different industry consumption breakdown is available from 1996 and leads to breaks in series.
Austria
Data for solar photovoltaic and wind are available from 1993. For the 2009 edition, data on wood production and consumption was revised back to 1999 based on a survey that improved the quality of data concerning consumption of biomass fired district heating plants.
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Data on biodiesels are available starting in 2007. Reclassification of industrial waste, consumed by the chemical sector, as an oil product caused revisions downwards to the entire industrial waste time series.
supply and consumption of combustible renewables and waste occur again in 2003. The exports of biodiesel increased in 2005 driven by high prices for the commodity.
Canada
Only gross maximum electrical capacity is available. Inputs of combustible renewables and waste to autoproducer plants generating electricity are estimated by the Canadian administration. The split of municipal waste is reported as 65% renewable and 35% non renewable. The IEA Secretariat has estimated the data for industrial waste from 1990 to 2007, liquid biomass (ethanol) from 1998 to 2004, municipal waste from 1990 2004, and landfill gas from 1997 2006 based on information supplied by Natural Resources Canada. Landfill gas production and consumption for 2007 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat using information from Environment Canada, Waste Management. In 2007, a new report was released on municipal solid waste used for electricity and heat production in 2005 and 2006 and was used to estimate MSW data for 2005 2007 which result in a break in the time series between 2004 and 2005. In addition to the report, the Canadian administration reclassified main activity plants as autoproducer and only had information available on net production of heat and electricity from municipal waste.
Denmark
Fish oil used in heat plants is included with solid biomass. Electricity consumption in non-specified energy sectors includes consumption in district heating plants and use for the distribution of electricity. The number of heating companies burning wood chips in boilers that are equipped with flue-gas condensation is increasing. This implies a very high efficiency of heat plants. In the 2009 edition, production and transformation of solar thermal was revised downwards in 1996 2006 because it was discovered that consumption of electricity from solar photovoltaic in the residential sector had erroneously been doubled counted as inputs of solar thermal to autoproducer electricity plants in previous editions.
Finland
Prior to 1992, outputs from the use of combustible renewables and waste to generate electricity and/or heat were included in peat therefore the IEA Secretariat estimated the breakdown of outputs from municipal waste and solid biomass based on inputs reported. Before 1999, all wood electricity production from autoproducers is allocated to CHP plants. Data for biogas and industrial waste are available from 1996. Heat output from autoproducer CHP plants become available in 1996. A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in series for most products and sectors between 1999 and 2000. Prior to 2004, industrial waste included some other products such as hydrogen, heat from chemical process, natural gas and blast furnace gas etc. Finish National Administration is working on harmonizing combustible renewables and waste data for the years 2000 to 2007, where several breaks occur.
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic became a separate state in 1993 and since then data have been officially submitted by the Czech administration. This may lead to breaks in series between 1992 and 1993. Solid biomass inputs to main activity producer electricity plants and CHP plants include industrial waste and biogas for 1995 and 1996. Data on biogas used in main activity producer CHP and autoproducer heat plants start in 1997. Data for liquid biomass are available starting in 1992 and for municipal waste starting in 1999. The restructuring of the Czech electricity market leads to breaks in the time series in all sectors between 1998 and 2000. New survey systems cause breaks in final consumption in 1999 and in 2002. Breaks in both
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France
Electricity production from wind is available from 1991. Plants using municipal waste were reclassified as autoproducer CHP plants from 1995.
A new reporting system leads to break in series between 2002 and 2003 and again between 2006 and 2007. Many main activity CHP plants that burn combustible renewables and waste were reclassified as electricity only and a new time series under autoproducer electricity plants was introduced in 2007. The German administration is undertaking the reconciliation of historical data. The share of electrical capacity from combustible fuels attributed to industrial waste was assumed equal to the proportion of electricity generated from industrial to the amount generated from all combustible fuels and was used to estimate the capacity of industrial waste plants in 2007 by the IEA Secretariat.
Germany
Prior to 2003 electricity production in electricity plants includes production from CHP plants and heat production in CHP plants includes production from heat plants. GDP figures prior to 1991 are based on conversions made by the German Institute for Economic Research (Deutsches Institut fr Wirtschaftsforschung) and the former Statistical Office of the GDR (Statistisches Amt der DDR). These conversions are highly dependent on specific hypotheses and do not necessarily reflect economic realities. The German Federal Statistics Office reclassified some industrial branches which may cause a break in series in final consumption sub-sectors of industry between 1994 and 1995. The German administration started reporting near surface geothermal energy in 1995, which leads to a break in time series with 1994, where only deep geothermal energy is reported. A new survey for renewables causes breaks in the time series between 1998 and 1999. In some instances, electricity generation from hydro, solar and wind in autoproducers electricity plants are confidential or non-available and therefore included in main activity producer electricity plants. The same applies to gas from biomass from 1999. The German administration submitted an incomplete annual questionnaire on renewables and waste for the years 2001 and 2002. As a consequence, the IEA Secretariat estimated the missing data based on statistics published by the Federal Environment Ministry and data submitted in the Electricity and Heat questionnaire. Electricity consumed in the energy sector is not available for small industrial plants in 2000, which may cause breaks in the time series. There is large drop in the series reported for industrial waste between 2004 and 2005 because new information redistributed amounts previously reported as industrial waste into municipal waste, solid biomass and biogas.
Greece
No heat production of solar heat is reported although it exists. Data on industrial waste are available from 1992. New information on solid biomass is available from 1996. The Greek administration is investigating the reporting methods of geothermal and solar thermal data. Industrial waste used in autoproducer CHP plants decreased a lot in 2006 because a plant closed.
Hungary
Electricity and heat production from solid biomass autoproducer CHP plants is available from 1995. Geothermal heat production from main activity producer heat plants is also available from 1995. From 1995, a better allocation of solid biomass used in autoproducer CHP plants and specific industry sectors is available. The Hungarian administration reclassified some of their plants in 1996 and 2000 which may lead to breaks in time series. Data for wind and solar thermal are available from 2001. Industrial waste data are available from 2003. Data for biogas are available from 2000. Biodiesel production are available from 2007. For the 2009 edition, the Hungarian administration revised the data on the consumption of solid biomass
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in the residential sector from 1991 2001 based on updated information.
Japan
Electricity and heat produced in CHP plants are not included in the data series. Heat produced and sold from geothermal and solar thermal sources is not reported in the transformation sector. Inputs to charcoal production are estimated by the IEA Secretariat assuming efficiency of 40%. Production of electricity from solar photovoltaic and wind in autoproducer electricity plants is understated as it only covers generation from plants with capacity of 1000kW or more. Prior to 1998, the electricity produced using TRT technology (Top pressure Recovery Turbines) was included with electricity generated from wood, wood waste and other solid waste. National surveys which gathered data on the production of electricity from solar photovoltaic were suspended from 1998 to 2004. The Japanese administration used the data reported in 1997 and assumed stable production in order to estimate the data for 1998 to 2004. A break in time series occurs in 2005 when the survey was restarted and updated production figures were available. From 2005 to 2007, the electricity produced in main activity electricity plants from solar photovoltaic decreased because plants were out of operation due to maintenance. For the 2009 edition, the Japanese administration revised the time series for landfill gas and reported amounts that were blended with natural gas in the transformation sector from 1990 -1998. Data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 2007 to March 2008 for 2007). As a result, some data are not yet available for 2007, such as heat sold, solar thermal, and biogases, and are estimated as equal to 2006.
Iceland
Electricity production from geothermal sources in CHP plants is available from 1992. Heat production from municipal waste is available from 1993. In 1998, 60 MW of generating capacity was installed in a single geothermal CHP plant. Since the plant was inoperable for four months, production of geothermal heat decreased compared to 1997. The extra electricity capacity caused electricity production from geothermal to almost double over the same period. In 2002, the increase of heat produced by geothermal was due to the installation of a third unit at the Nesjavellir CHP power plant. In 2007, the Icelandic administration decided not to estimate the allocation of geothermal consumption amongst the sub-sectors of the industry sector as they had done from 1999 2006 and instead reported all industry consumption under not-elsewhere specified. The increase in hydro and geothermal electricity production and capacity in 2007 is due to the expansion of the aluminium industry.
Ireland
Electricity production from wind begins in 1992. From 1993 to 1995, end-use consumption of gas from biomass is included in the transformation sector.
Italy
Up to 2003 solid biomass capacity includes industrial waste capacity. Heat produced for sale (distributed heat) is not available and hence not officially reported to the IEA until 2004. From 2000 onwards, the Italian administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. However, for the 2000 to 2002 period all electricity production from autoproducers is reported with main activity producers.
Korea
Data on pumped storage in electricity plants are available from 1991. For heat production and a part of electricity production for 1990 to 2004 estimates were made by the IEA Secretariat. The Korean administration is undertaking a study to improve its energy statistics reporting. As a part of this effort autoproducers electricity production data
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and heat production data were revised for the years 2000 and 2001, municipal waste and primary solid biomass data were revised for the year 2001, and biogas data were revised for the years 2000 and 2001. Prior to 2007, the consumption of landfill gas in main activity CHP plants may have been included in main activity heat plants. Difficulties in ownership classification are also the reason landfill gas data only appears one time in the commercial and public services sector in 2006.
For 2006 and 2007, only consumption data for biogasoline submitted by the Dutch administration. Production and imports were estimated by the IEA Secretariat as equal shares.
New Zealand
The series reported as industrial waste in previous editions represents industrial waste heat. The portion used to generate autoproducer electricity was correctly reported but the amounts consumed in the chemical industry should not have been included in production and consumption as well. From 1994, data refer to calendar year, which results in a break in series between 1993 and 1994. Electricity production by autoproducers from geothermal is available from 1995. In 1999, a reclassification of autoproducer plants leads to breaks in the time series. Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1990 and on direct use of solar thermal heat is available from 2002. The New Zealand administration updated efficiencies for electricity production from geothermal heat from 10% to 15% in 2000; this causes a break in the time series between 1999 and 2000.
Luxembourg
A majority of the hydro production shown is from the Vianden pumped storage plant and is exported directly to Germany. Data on solid biomass are available from 1992. Data for solar thermal are available starting in 1999. Electricity and heat production from biomass gas are available from 1999.
Mexico
Electricity production from wind is available from 1994. Data on electricity production from solid biomass and gas from biomass are available from 1998. Direct use of solar thermal and electricity production from solar PV is available from 1990. CRE (Comisin Reguladora de Energia) publishes data for electricity generation by autoproducers since 1998.
Norway
Data for industrial waste and biogas are available from 1991. Electricity production from wind is available from 1992. Heat production from biogas is available from 1995. Breaks in series between 1996 and 1997 are due to a reclassification of main activity producers and autoproducers. All data for biodiesel are confidential until 2005. Only import data are available after 2005.
Netherlands
All electricity and heat produced from combustible renewables and waste is included in CHP plants for the years 1990-1994. From 1995 onwards the electricity and heat produced is broken down into Electricity only, CHP and Heat only. In 2006 some plants changed ownership and classification from electricity only to CHP as they started heat projects. This has an impact on the balance of municipal waste and landfill gas. Biodiesel imports data for 2006 and 2007 are net imports which include exports and stock changes.
Poland
Data for biogas refer only to the gas from fermentation of biomass. Data for industrial waste includes gaseous industrial waste.
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Due to changes in data availability, there is a large increase in solid biomass between 1992 and 1993. The Polish administration adopted new methodologies to estimate the production of heat sold in heat plants (1993) and in CHP plants (1995). This causes breaks in series for years from 1992 to 1995 for heat production and fuel inputs in these plants In the 2005 edition, biogas electricity production by main activity producers was reclassified as autoproducer production from 1995 to 2003. Changes in the data collection process lead to breaks between 1996 and 1997. Before 2000, industrial waste was used interchangeably with light fuel oil in some plants, which might result in breaks in the time series. Data on direct use of geothermal became available in 2000. Data on direct use of solar thermal became available in 2002. Data on liquid biomass is available starting in 2003. Industrial waste and solid biomass are co-fired with other fuels for electricity production. For plants where multiple fuels are used to for electricity production, capacities are reported under the dominate fuel.
based on direct submissions from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and the Power Research Institute (EGU) of Bratislava. Prior to 2001, the data reported as industrial waste includes biogases and municipal wastes.
Spain
Solar and geothermal data are available from 1994. The Spanish administration verifies that production and consumption of industrial waste do exist but data are not available starting in 2001. New reporting systems were implemented in 2000 and again in 2006 which resulted in a reclassification of many plants from main activity to autoproducer and vice versa. This leads to breaks in the time series for the transformation sector and final consumption sectors between 1999 and 2000 and again between 2005 and 2006. In 2006, it was discovered that some autoproducer electricity plants using biogases were actually autoproducer CHP plants. Therefore, prior to 2006, inputs of biogas used to generate process heat were erroneously included as inputs to the transformation sector when they should have been reported in the appropriate industry in the final consumption. In the 2009 edition, heat production from 1990 1999 was revised to zero because heat produced from combustible renewables and wastes is not sold in Spain.
Portugal
Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1994. Data are available from 1994 for biogas, from 1999 for municipal waste and from 2003 for industrial waste. Solid biomass consumption in the residential sector includes the non-commercial part of solid biomass consumed in households.
Electricity production from solar thermal plants is available from 2007.
Sweden
Heat production from solid biomass in autoproducer CHP includes waste heat and chemical heat. Heat produced for sale in heat pumps is reported from 1992.
Slovak Republic
The Slovak Republic became a separate state in 1993 and harmonised its statistics to EU standards in 2000. These two facts lead to several breaks in time series between 1992 and 1993, and between 2000 and 2001. Until 2000, electricity statistics have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat. From 1993, IEA estimates are
Data for biogas also begins in 1992. Before 1992, it is included in solid biomass. Prior to 2007, municipal waste was reported as 60% non-renewable and 40% renewable. In 2007, reanalysis of the waste revealed the content was 40% nonrenewable and 60% renewable. This results in break in the time series between 2006 and 2007 for both renewable and non-renewable municipal waste.
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Switzerland
Geothermal direct use is overstated as it refers to heat production by geothermal heat pumps, which include inputs from electricity and/or gas in the transformation process. Electricity production from wind and pumped storage by autoproducers is available from 1996. The autoproducer heat plant that produced heat for sale was closed in 2006.
United States
The Energy Information Administration collects generation and consumption data from all plants 1 MW or more in capacity. Capacity is net summer capacity. Heat production from solid biomass became available in 1991. Data on industrial waste and gas from biomass for 1990 and 1991 were estimated by IEA Secretariat. Data on liquid biomass became available in 1993. Solar thermal electricity production was overstated for the years prior to 1999 because it included electricity production from natural gas occurring in solar thermal power plants. The US introduced a new methodology for data from 1999. From 1999, independent power producers are included in main activity producers, leading to breaks in series between 1998 and 1999. In addition, all heat produced by autoproducers is included in final consumption from 1999 on because the US administration cannot distinguish between the heat used directly onsite and the heat sold. Prior to 2006 gross heat production in CHP plants was consistently assumed to be 80 percent efficient and all other losses at the plant were allocated to production of electric power. In 2006, the EIA revised their methodologies for allocating shares of gross energy output to electricity and heat in CHP plants and the new method proportionately distributes a CHP plants losses between the heat and electricity assuming equal efficiency. The EIA acknowledges that exports of biodiesel do exist, however reporting procedures are not in place to collect such statistics yet. Solar PV capacity was estimated by the Energy Information Administration for 2003 to 2007. These estimates include on-grid connected and off-grid installations. Solar PV electricity production is reported only for grid-connected installations.
Turkey
The Turkish administration surveys renewables and waste used for power and heat intermittently. Due to this fact some breaks may appear in the combustible renewables and waste series. In 1995, the Turkish administration reclassified autoproducer plants by type and source to be consistent with IEA definitions. This causes breaks between 1994 and 1995 for electricity production. Electricity production from wind is available starting in 1998. Prior to 1998, consumption in the wood and wood products sector includes that of the paper, pulp and printing industry. The accuracy of data on inputs for industrial waste is compromised by ongoing data collection problems.
United Kingdom
Prior to 2001, some of the industrial waste was reported with other oil products. Final consumption of industrial waste in commercial/public services includes hospital waste, which should be shown under municipal waste. Efficiency of electricity production from industrial waste is increasing in 2005 and 2006 due to increased capturing and reusing of waste heat to generate electricity.
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4. CONVERSION FACTORS
General conversion factors for energy
To: From: TJ Gcal Mtoe MBtu GWh TJ 1 4.1868 x 10-3 4.1868 x 104 1.0551 x 10-3 3.6 Gcal 238.8 1 107 0.252 860 Mtoe multiply by: 2.388 x 10-5 10-7 1 2.52 x 10-8 8.6 x 10-5 MBtu 947.8 3.968 3.968 x 10 1 3412
7
GWh 0.2778 1.163 x 10-3 11630 2.931 x 10-4 1
Conversion factors for mass

To: From: kilogramme (kg) tonne (t) long ton (lt) short ton (st) pound (lb) kg 1 1000 1016 907.2 0.454 t 0.001 1 1.016 0.9072 4.54 x 10-4 lt multiply by: 9.84 x 10-4 0.984 1 0.893 4.46 x 10-4 st 1.102 x 10-3 1.1023 1.120 1 5.0 x 10-4 lb 2.2046 2204.6 2240.0 2000.0 1
Conversion factors for volume

To: From: U.S. gallon (gal) U.K. gallon (gal) Barrel (bbl) Cubic foot (ft3) Litre (l) Cubic metre (m3) gal U.S. 1 1.201 42.0 7.48 0.2642 264.2 gal U.K. 0.8327 1 34.97 6.229 0.220 220.0 bbl ft3 multiply by: 0.02381 0.1337 0.02859 0.1605 1 5.615 0.1781 1 0.0063 0.0353 6.289 35.3147 l 3.785 4.546 159.0 28.3 1 1000.0 m3 0.0038 0.0045 0.159 0.0283 0.001 1
Decimal prefixes
101 102 103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 deca (da) hecto (h) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T) peta (P) exa (E) 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15 10-18 deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro () nano (n) pico (p) femto (f) atto (a)
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - 1
PART I RENEWABLES IN GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY
DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD

An IEA fact sheet
In 2007, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) was 12026 Mtoe, of which 12.4%, or 1492 Mtoe, was produced from renewable energy sources. The shares of other energy sources were as follows: 34% oil, 26.4% coal, 20.9% natural gas and 5.9% nuclear energy. By IEA definition, renewable energy sources include renewable combustibles and waste (solid biomass, charcoal, renewable municipal waste, gas from biomass and liquid biomass), hydro, solar, wind and tide energy. Non-renewable waste sources (nonrenewable industrial waste or non-renewable municipal waste) are not included in renewables.
Figure 1: 2007 fuel shares in world total primary energy supply
Non-renew . w aste 0.2% Nuclear 5.9% Hydro 2.2% Renew able Renew ables combustibles 12.4% and w aste 9.6%
TPES, or 73% of global renewables supply. The second largest source is hydro power, which provides 2.2% of world TPES, or 17.7% of renewables. Geothermal is the third largest renewable source and is much smaller, representing 0.4% of world TPES, or 3.3% of renewables supply in the world. The contribution of new renewables (solar, wind and tide) to energy supply is still very marginal, representing approximately 0.2% of world TPES, or 1.6% of renewables supply.
Figure 2: 2007 product shares in world renewable energy supply
Liquid biomass 2.4% Wind 1.0% Hydro 17.7% Renew able combustibles and w aste 77.3% Renew able MW 0.9%
Natural gas 20.9%
Solar, tide 0.6% Geothermal 3.3%
Solid biomass/ charcoal 72.9%
Gas from biomass 1.1%
Oil 34%
Coal 26.4%
*Other 0.6%
* Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide. Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Due to its widespread non-commercial use in developing countries, solid biomass is by far the largest renewable energy source, representing 9.3% of world
Since 1990, renewable energy sources have grown at an average annual rate of 1.7%, which is slightly less than the growth rate of world TPES of 1.9% per annum. Growth has been especially high for wind power, which grew at an average annual rate of 25%. However this is due to its very low base in 1990 and the production still remains small. OECD countries account for most of the production and growth of solar and wind energy. The second highest growth rate was experienced by renewable municipal waste, biogas and liquid biomass. This segment grew on average
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at 10.4% annually since 1990, yet primary solid biomass, which is the largest contributor to renewable energy in the world, has experienced the slowest growth among the renewable energy sources, with growth rate of 1.2% per annum. Non-OECD countries account for most of the production of solid biomass but its growth is comparable for OECD and nonOECD countries. Solar photovoltaics and solar thermal experienced a 9.8% annual growth rate. The average annual growth rate of hydro power in non-OECD countries, 3.7% between 1990 and 2007, was larger than in OECD countries, which was only 0.4%. Growth was particularly strong in Vietnam (10.6%), China (8.2%), and India (3.3%) in the Asia region, in Brazil (3.5%), Argentina (3.2%), and Peru (3.7%) in the Latin American region, and in Mozambique (26.8%) and Angola (9.1%) in the African region.
Figure 3: Annual growth rates of world renewables supply from 1990 to 2007
30%
25.0%
Figure 4: 2007 regional shares in renewables supply

Biomass
Former USSR 0.8% China 17.3% Non-OECD Europe 0.6% Middle East 0.1% OECD 14.1% Africa 27.1%
Hydro **
Non-OECD Former Europe USSR 1.4% 8.0% Middle East OECD 0.7% 40.9%
China 15.8% Asia 8.3%
Asia 30.9%
Latin America 9.1%
Latin America 21.7%
Africa 3.1%
* Asia excludes China ** Excludes pump storage generation
25% 20% 15%

9.8% 10.4%
Because of their heavy non-commercial use of biomass, non-OECD countries remain the principal renewables users, accounting for 76% of world total renewables supply. On the other hand, while OECD countries supply only 24% of world renewables, they constitute 45.7% of the world TPES. Consequently, in OECD countries the share of renewables in total energy supply is only 6.5%. This share is 18.3% for nonOECD countries. However the OECD countries play a major role when looking at new renewables, with supply of 68.8% of world energy from wind, solar and tide in 2007.
Figure 5: 2007 regional renewables supply shares
10% 5% 0%
TPES Renew ables Solid biomass Hydro Geothermal Solar Renew . Wind MW/biogas/liquid biomass 1.9% 1.7% 2.1% 2.2%
1.2%
60% 50% 40%

30.5% 48.3%
The hydro electricity generation of non-OECD countries started to exceed that of OECD countries in the year 2001. In 2007, the share of non-OECD countries reached 59.1% and is expected the further increase as most of the remaining hydro potential resides in these countries. The biggest share of solid biomass, 85.9%, is produced and consumed in non-OECD countries, where developing countries, situated mainly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, use non-commercial biomass for residential cooking and heating. Africa, which accounts for only 5.2% of the worlds total TPES in 2007, produced 26.2% of the worlds solid biomass supply. Energy diversification and a more efficient use of solid biomass are expected to provide mitigation opportunities to sustainability issues regarding the use of biomass in some non-OECD regions.
30% 20% 10% 0%

OECD Total Africa Latin America 6.5%
27.2%
12.3% 3.0%
9.6% 0.7% NonOECD Europe Middle East
Asia
China
Former USSR
While more than half of the renewable primary energy supply in OECD countries is used in the transformation sector to generate electricity, on a global level a big part of renewables is consumed in the residential, commercial and public services sectors. Again, this is a consequence of widespread biomass use in the residential sector of developing countries. In fact, only 24.4% of renewables are used for electricity production worldwide, while 52.3% are used in residential, commercial and public sectors.
Figure 6: 2007 world sectoral consumption of renewables

Other sectors 4.8%
Figure 7: Fuel shares in world electricity production in 2007

Gas 20.9% Nuclear 13.8% Non-renew . w stes 0.2% Hydro 15.6%
Electricity plants 24.4%
Oil 5.7%
Other transformation and energy sectors 6.2% Industry sector 12.3%
Renew ables 17.9%
Residential/ commercial and public sectors 52.3%
Renew able combustibles and w astes 1.1% *Other 1.2%
Coal 41.6%
Despite this fact, renewables are the third largest contributor to global electricity production. They accounted for 17.9% of world generation in 2007, after coal (41.6%) and slightly behind gas (20.9%) but ahead of nuclear (13.8%) and oil (5.7%). In the transformation sector, hydro supplies the vast majority of renewable energy, generating 15.6% of world electricity, and 87% of total renewable electricity. Combustible renewables and waste, including solid biomass, play a minor role in electricity generation, supplying 1.1% of world electricity. Although growing rapidly, geothermal, solar and wind energies accounted for only 1.2% of world electricity production in 2007. Renewable electricity generation grew worldwide since 1990 on average by 2.6% per annum, which is less than total electricity generation with average rate of 3.1%. While 19.5% of global electricity in 1990 was produced from renewable sources, this share fell to 17.9% in 2007. This decrease is mainly the result of slow growth of the main renewable source, hydro power, in OECD countries, which produces about 36% of global renewable electricity.
* Other: geothermal, wind, solar, tide.
Since 1990 renewable electricity grew at annual average rate of only 1.3% in OECD countries, while it grew at 3.9% in non-OECD countries. While renewable electricity in non-OECD regions has been growing at a slightly lower rate than total electricity generation (3.9% versus 4.6%), growth of renewable electricity in OECD countries was relatively lower than total electricity generation growth (1.3% versus 2%). Since 1995, electricity growth has been higher in non-OECD countries, which include developing economies in Asia and Africa. Population growth is much higher in developing countries than in OECD countries and as income increases, people switch from fuel wood and charcoal to kerosene and liquefied petroleum gases for cooking, and have better access to electricity through electrification programmes. As a consequence, future electricity growth, including renewable electricity growth, is expected to remain higher in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries.
DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN OECD COUNTRIES

Primary energy supply
Summary: 1990 - 2007
In OECD countries, total primary energy supply (TPES) from renewable sources increased from 262 Mtoe to 358 Mtoe between 1990 and 2007, yielding an average annual growth of 1.9%. In 2007, renewables contributed 6.5% of total primary energy supply in the OECD, which is only slightly higher than its 1990 share of 5.8% but this share has an increasing trend in recent years.
Figure 1: 2007 fuel shares in OECD total primary energy supply
Hydro 30.2%
The largest proportion of renewable primary energy supply in the OECD comes from combustible renewables and waste. They account for 56.6% of renewable supply. Of these combustible renewables, solid biomass, including wood, wood wastes and other solid wastes, is the largest with a 42.9% share. The second largest renewable source is hydro power, providing 30.2% of renewable primary energy. With an 8.5% share, geothermal energy is the third largest renewable source.
Figure 2: 2007 product shares in OECD renewable energy supply
Wind 3.6% Renew able mun. Liquid biomass w aste 3.6% 7.0%
Natural gas 22.9%
Non-renew . w aste 0.3% Nuclear 10.8% Hydro 2.0% Renew ables Renew able combustibles 6.5% and w aste 3.7% *Other 0.9% Coal 21.1%
Renew able combustibles and w aste 56.6%
Solid biomass/ charcoal 42.9%
Solar, Tide 1.1% Geothermal 8.5%
Gas from biomass 3.1%
Oil 38.4%
* Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
The growth of renewable energy production is higher than the growth of TPES for conventional energy sources in the OECD countries.
Solid biomass, hydro and geothermal supply around 81.6% of total primary renewable energy in the OECD and the average annual growth rate of them combined have been 0.8% since 1990. This is relatively lower than an average annual growth rate of 1.2% for TPES in the OECD region over the same time period. Notable is the slow growth of hydro power, with the average annual growth rate of 0.4%, which is significantly below the growth rate of TPES in the long term. Because hydroelectric capacity is
mature in most OECD member states, it is increasingly difficult to locate suitable environmentally acceptable sites to expand this energy form. Therefore, little new growth is to be expected for this sector. Geothermal energy production is also characterized by a very low average annual growth rate, 0.7%, which is mainly due to the increased efficiency of geothermal electricity plants in the United States after 2001, which is the biggest producer of geothermal electricity. However, excluding the United States the average annual growth rate is 3.1%. Within the combustible renewables and waste category, renewable municipal waste, gas from biomass and liquid biomass combined have grown much more rapidly than solid biomass, with an average annual growth rate of 12.9%. Solar energy (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) grew at an average annual rate of 5.9%. Growth of solar photovoltaic and wind were particularly strong at 36.8% and 24% per annum respectively since 1990. Growth for liquid biomass averaged 63.2% over the 1993 to 2007 period (1993 being the first year the United States reported liquid biomass).
Figure 3: Annual growth rates of OECD renewable supply from 1990 to 2007
30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5.9% 5% 1.2% 0% TPES Renewables Solid Geothermal Hydro Renew. Solar biomass MSW/biogas/liquid biomass Wind 1.9% 1.2% 0.7% 0.4% 12.9% 24.0%
Figure 4: OECD renewable primary energy supply, by product

Renew MW, biogas, liquid biomass
400 350 300 250

Mtoe
Solar/w ind/tide
Geothermal Hydro
200 150 100 50 0
Solid biomass/ charcoal
However, despite these growth rates, the contribution of wind, solar, tide, gas from biomass, renewable municipal waste and liquid biomass to total energy supply is still minor. Indeed, these renewables sources combined still represent only 1.2% of total primary energy supply and only around 18.4% of renewable primary energy supply in 2007. Nevertheless, it should be noted that this share increased from approximately 3% of total renewables in 1990. The United States is the largest producer of solid biomass, providing 37.6% of the total solid biomass supply in the OECD in 2007. Other major solid biomass producers include Germany, France, Canada, and Sweden. The largest hydro power producer is Canada, followed by the United States and Norway.
These three countries combined supply 59.8% of total hydro power in the OECD in 2007. The main producer of geothermal energy is the United States, with a share of 28.9% in 2007. Other big producers are Mexico, Italy, Iceland, Japan and New Zealand. The biggest share of renewable municipal waste, 30.9%, is produced in the United States, with other big suppliers being Germany, France, Denmark, Italy and Japan. Among OECD countries the United States is also the biggest producer of liquid biomass (59.1%) and gas from biomass (39.7%). Other substantial producers of biogas are Germany and the United Kingdom. Along with the United States, Germany also produces liquid biomass on a large scale. Those two countries alone account for 79.8% of total liquid biomass supply in the OECD in 2007. Solar thermal energy is mainly concentrated in the United States, Japan, Turkey, Germany and Greece while reported solar photovoltaic production is predominant in Germany, Spain, and Korea. Japan and the United States are also large producers, however their reported figures are only partial (see pages 12 and 15 for discussion). Large wind power producing countries are Germany, the United States, Spain, Denmark, and the United Kingdom which supply 76.4% of OECD wind production. The largest OECD producer of renewable energy is the United States, contributing 31% of renewable energy supply. The United States is followed by Canada, which provides 12.2% of renewable production in the OECD. The two countries are also the largest producers of energy from hydro and solid biomass. The United States and Canada produce 4.7% and 16.2% respectively of their total primary energy supply from renewable sources, while this share for the OECD is 6.5%. Countries with the highest share of
19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07
renewables in their total energy supply in 2006 were Iceland (80.7%), Norway (47.8%), New Zealand (32.6%) and Sweden (30.3%). Among the different OECD regions, OECD Europe has the highest share of primary energy supply from renewable sources, with 8.6%. It is also the only OECD area that has experienced an increase (from 5.7%) in its renewable share since 1990. Both OECD North America and OECD Pacific experienced a decline in the share of renewable primary energy supply from 6.4% to 6.1% and from 4.1% to 3.4% respectively. The increase of the renewable share in OECD Europe is the result of the implementation of strong supporting policies for renewable energy in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Figure 5: OECD regional shares in renewable energy supply
9
Resid., comm.& public 15.6%
Figure 6: OECD sectoral consumption of renewables

1990
Other 6.0%
2007
Resid., comm.& public 17.4% Other 7.2%
Industry 13.1%
Other trans./ energy 12.8%
Electr. plants 52.6%
Industry 18.6%
Other trans./ energy 7.3%
Electr. plants 49.5%
Electricity production
Summary: 1990 - 2007
OECD gross electricity production from renewable products (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) increased from 1 310 TWh to 1 636 TWh between 1990 and 2007, 15.4% of total electricity was generated from renewable sources, most of which, 11.8% of total generation, comes from hydro plants.
Figure 7: Renewable shares in OECD electricity production in 2007
Non-renew . w astes 0.3%
Share of renewable energy (%)
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07
Nuclear 21.3% Gas 21.7%
OECD Total OECD Pacific
OECD North America OECD Europe
Although renewable primary energy supply has been able to keep pace with the growth of traditional fuels, the share of renewable energy in the electricity transformation sector has not. In 1990, 52.6% of renewable energy was used for electricity generation, but this share had decreased to 49.5% in 2007 although total electricity generation in the OECD grew at a rate of 2.0% annually. The majority of the growth of renewable energy has taken place in the final consumption sectors, such as the residential, commercial and industry sectors. In 2007, almost half of renewable primary energy was used for purposes other than generating electricity. This trend is underpinned by the strong presence of solid biomass, which is traditionally used in the final consumption sector, as well as the low growth of hydro power in the OECD region, which further disadvantages electricity generation compared to other sectors.
Oil 4.1%
Renew ables 15.4%
Hydro 11.8%
Renew able combustibles and w aste 1.7%
Coal 37.2%
*Other 1.8%
* Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide
Since 1990, renewable electricity generation has been growing at an average annual rate of 1.3%, which is lower than the rate of 2.0% for total electricity generation. To some extent, the low growth rate of renewable electricity is affected by the drop in hydro power output in recent years due to abnormally low precipitation in some OECD countries. Nevertheless, renewable electricity production has not been able to keep pace with the growth of total electricity production. In 1990, 17.3% of total electricity was produced from renewable sources, but this share had decreased to
15.4% by 2007, largely due to stagnant growth in the hydro power sector. While hydro electricity generated 15.4% of total OECD electricity in 1990, this share decreased to 11.8% in 2007. Hydro power has reached its capacity limit in most OECD countries. As a result, hydroelectric capacity expansion has been more or less stagnant for the past decade. In addition, hydro power is dependent on climatic conditions, and lower precipitation levels in major hydro power producing countries, such as the United States and Japan, has caused a decline in total OECD hydroelectric production in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Figure 8: OECD electricity production from 1990 to 2007 by product
4000 3500 3000
TWh
to 3.6% in 2007. The increase is mainly due to OECD Europe, where implementation of strong renewables stimulation policies by European Union member countries encouraged the growth of non-hydro renewable production. Policy initiatives such as feed-in tariffs and tax incentives have made electricity generation from renewable sources marketable in many countries. However, OECD total went down in their overall renewables share of electricity production between 1990 and 2007 as OECD North America and OECD Pacific experienced decreases.
Figure 9: OECD regional shares in renewable electricity production from 1990 to 2007
20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07
Share of renewable electricity
4500
Coal Nuclear
Oil Hydro
Gas Other renewables
OECD Total OECD Pacific
OECD North America OECD Europe
The decline in the share of renewable electricity was especially pronounced in the emerging economies of the OECD, such as Korea, Mexico and Turkey. These countries have experienced extremely high consumption growth in the past decade, and generation has in some cases more than doubled since 1990. Due to high capacity installation costs and resource unavailability (e.g. hydro), rising demand is generally met by increasing electricity production from traditional fossil fuels rather than renewable sources. Turkey for example, which has always had a high share of renewable energy because of its large hydro power production, increased its total electricity generation from 57.5 TWh to 191.6 TWh between 1990 and 2007. Over the same period, renewable electricity production increased from 23.2 TWh to 36.5 TWh, causing the share of renewables in total electricity to fall from 40.4% to 19.0%. The decline in the share of renewable electricity is also substantial in Luxembourg. The opening of a gas-fired plant in 2002 caused electricity generation to jump from 0.5 TWh to 2.8 TWh, resulting in a big decrease in the renewables share from 13.3% in 1990 to 8.0% in 2007. Although very small, the share of renewable electricity (excluding hydro power) grew from 1.8% in 1990
As a consequence of its higher growth rate, OECD Europe supplied 43.2% of total OECD renewable electricity production in 2007, up from the level of 35.4% in 1990. On the other hand, both OECD North America and OECD Pacific decreased their share between 1990 and 2007 from 53.3% to 47.6% and from 11.3% to 9.2% of OECD production respectively. The following more detailed analysis of individual renewable and waste energy sources and their development in the electricity market provides further insights.
Hydro
As mentioned above, hydro power has reached its potential capacity limit in most OECD countries. Between 1990 and 2007, electricity generated from hydro plants (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) increased from 1169.9 TWh to 1258.5 TWh in the OECD, yielding an average annual increase of 0.4%. However, while in 1990 89.3% of electricity produced from renewable sources came from hydro plants, this share decreased to 76.9% in 2007 due to the rapid growth of electricity generation from other renewable sources. In 2007, the largest hydro power generating countries were Canada (368 TWh), the United States (250 TWh) and Norway (134 TWh). Other big hydro power producers are Japan, Sweden and France.
Wind
In 2007, wind turbines produced 9.1% of renewable electricity in the OECD. Among OECD regions, wind electricity production was the highest in OECD Europe, with 70.3% of the total OECD production in 2007. For the first time in 2006, more electricity was generated from wind than solid biomass. Between 1990 and 2007, wind power increased from 3.8 TWh to 149.7 TWh, achieving an average annual growth rate of 24%. This is the second fastest growth rate after solar photovoltaic. Most of the growth occurred in OECD Europe, where wind energy is heavily subsidised by national governments. As a consequence, wind grew at 33.5% per annum in OECD Europe. The highest growth rate is in Portugal, with 63% per year between 1990 and 2007, from 1 GWh to 4037 GWh. In absolute terms, Germany, the United States and Spain are the largest producers of electricity from wind. They now produce 39.7 TWh, 34.6 TWh and 27.5 TWh respectively.
Figure 10: Wind electricity production in four main producing OECD countries
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
19 9 19 0 91 19 9 19 2 9 19 3 94 19 9 19 5 9 19 6 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 0 20 1 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07
biomass electricity is produced in most of OECD member countries.
Geothermal
Similarly to hydro power, geothermal electricity production has not experienced significant growth between 1990 and 2007. It grew at an average annual rate of 2.0%, from 28.7 TWh to 40.2 TWh. Generation remained almost static in OECD North America over the period 1990 to 2007, although the region remains the largest geothermal electricity producer, with a 60.2% share in 2007. The United States is the largest producer with 41.8% of the OECD total in 2007. Production in the United States was 16.8 TWh in 2007, slightly increased from 16 TWh in 1990. The second largest producer is Mexico, reported 7.4 TWh in 2007. With an output of 5.6 TWh, Italy was the third largest producer in the OECD and the largest producer in OECD Europe. Other major producers were Iceland (3.6 TWh), New Zealand (3.5 TWh) and Japan (3 TWh). The highest growth rate of geothermal electricity generation was achieved in Portugal, where production increased by 25.9% annually from 4 GWh to 201 GWh between 1990 and 2007. There are still only a few OECD countries that use geothermal energy for electricity generation and even in the countries with geothermal potential there are only a few development schemes therefore the growth projected for the next few years is small.
TWh
Renewable municipal waste

Denmark Spain Germany United States
Renewable municipal waste represented 1.7% of renewable electricity generation in 2007 in OECD countries. However, it should be noted that data are sometimes estimates rather than observations because the energy classification systems of some countries do not report the separation of renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. In 2007, 28.6 TWh of electricity were produced from renewable waste in the OECD. By far the largest producer of electricity from renewable municipal waste was the United States, generating 9.6 TWh, or 33.5% of OECD production. The second largest producer was Germany, with a production of 4.1 TWh. With 3.4 TWh, Japan was the third largest producer. The remaining electricity production from renewable municipal waste was spread among smaller producers in OECD Europe. Italy and Denmark experienced the highest growth rates, increasing their production from
Solid biomass
Electricity generation from solid biomass grew from 93.1 TWh to 122.2 TWh between 1990 and 2007, yielding a 1.6% average annual growth. As the third largest renewable electricity source after hydropower and wind, solid biomass accounted for 7.5% of renewable electricity generation in 2007. The United States accounted for 34.4% of electricity generated from solid biomass (42 TWh), where it makes up 11.6% of the countrys renewable electricity production. The second largest producer of electricity from solid biomass is Japan (15.8 TWh), where it represents 15.9% of the countrys renewable electricity supply. Other big producers are Germany (10.4 TWh), Finland (9.6 TWh), and Sweden (8.5 TWh). Solid
37 GWh to 1512 GWh (at 24.4% per annum) and from 44 GWh to 1367 GWh (at 22.4% per annum) respectively between 1990 and 2007.
Gas from biomass

Electricity production from biogas grew from an estimated 3.6 TWh in 1990 to 28.5 TWh in 2007. A large proportion of production took place in OECD Europe (65.8% in 2007). With 8.5 TWh, Germany became the largest producer of electricity from biogas in the OECD (29.9%) for the first time in 2007, moving past the United States who produced 7.4 TWh, or 26.2%, of biogas electricity in 2007. The United Kingdom also constitutes a substantial share at of OECD biogas electricity production at 18.2% (5.1 TWh in 2007). The growth rate since 1990 in the United States has been much slower than that of many European Union countries. Most of the growth in the biogas segment took place in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and continued strong growth is expected for the near future.
provides estimates of the IEA Secretariat for electricity generation based on capacities, assuming utilisation rates of 12% for Japan and 14% for the USA (see page 15 for further discussion in relation to OECD totals).
Photovoltaic power generation (GWh)
1995 Japan USA 46 82 2000 347 170 2006 1797 856 2007 2012 1195
Solar thermal
Solar thermal power production experienced explosive growth in the 1980s and 90s reaching 887 GWh in 1998, but lulled in the following years. During the period of 1999 through 2006, average annual growth rates for solar thermal were essentially zero, and absolute figures actually deceased from their peak in 1999. Prior to 2007, production took place exclusively in the United States. Due to the recent renewed interest in solar thermal, production in the USA has increased for the first time since 1999 to 673 GWh in 2007. With the opening of a new solar thermal power plant in 2007, Spain became the second OECD country to report electricity production from solar thermal bringing the OECD total to 681 GWh in 2007.
Solar photovoltaic
Solar photovoltaic experienced the highest growth rate during 1990 and 2007 period. While being small in absolute terms, it increased from 19 GWh in 1990 to 3920 GWh in 2007, achieving a 36.8% annual growth rate. Growth was the strongest in the countries of the European Union. Germany, with its high feedin tariffs for solar photovoltaic electricity generation, achieved 60.4%, the highest average annual growth rate (increasing production from 1 GWh in 1990 to 3075 GWh in 2007). Solar photovoltaic output is very difficult to capture due to the widespread use of off-grid and small gridconnected systems for distributed power generation. For that reason, solar photovoltaic output statistics should be considered incomplete. Information on solar capacity provides more reliable statistics on this product, especially for European Union countries (see Table 2 Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Products in Part III for regional OECD aggregates or specific countries). For Japan and the USA, the net generating capacities of solar photovoltaic presented in this book provide a reasonable representation of solar photovoltaic contribution to the overall generating capacity. However, the reported solar photovoltaic electricity generation figures are only partial. Japan reports only generation from plants with capacity of 1000kW or more, while the USA limits its electricity generation reporting to grid-connected installations. The following table
Tide, wave, ocean

In 2007, 550 GWh of electricity were generated from tide, wave and ocean motion. The main producer of electricity production from water motion was France, generating 519 GWh in 2007 (with a plant capturing electricity from tidal movements). The second contributor was Canada, producing 31 GWh.
Liquid biomass
In 2007, electricity generated from liquid biomass was 3.6 TWh. The largest producer is Germany with 2.9 TWh.
Non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste

The data suggest that both industrial waste and nonrenewable municipal waste have experienced an increase between 1990 and 2007. The increase was minor for the industrial waste but the non-renewable municipal waste almost tripled over the given period. Industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste generated 0.3% of OECD total electricity in 2007.
The electricity generated from non-renewable municipal waste amounted to 24.9 TWh in 2007. It should be noted that this information might be distorted because many countries (including some of the largest municipal waste producers such as Japan) do not report renewable and non-renewable municipal wastes separately.
energy sources in the Electricity Production section suggest, growth of capacity has been strongest in the wind and solar power sectors and these two markets are heavily concentrated. As for wind, the large majority of wind capacity is located in Germany, Spain, Denmark and the United States, with Germany leading with 28.4% of the total capacity in the OECD.
Figure 12: OECD wind capacity 2007
Installed generating capacity

In 2007, OECD countries reported 480.2 GW of installed capacity fuelled by renewable sources (excluding hydro pumped storage and industrial waste, but including non-renewable municipal waste capacity). Approximately 19% of total OECD capacity was accounted for by renewable energy sources.
Figure 11: OECD generating capacity 2007
Germany, 28.4%
Other, 27.3%
Denmark, 4.0%
Combustible Fossil Fuels* 67.9%
United States, 21.1%

Hydro Renew ables 14.3% 19%
Spain, 19.3%
Combustible renew ables and w aste 0.8% Other** 3.8%
Nuclear 13.1%
Summary: 2007 2008E

The share of renewables within the OECD total primary energy supply continued its increasing trend as it rose from 6.5% in 2007 to an estimated 6.8% in 2008. This growth is attributed to the increased contribution of renewables for electricity generation and the increase supply of biofuels in OECD countries. Electricity from renewables rose to approximately 1711 TWh in 2008, which represents 16.1% of the total electricity generated, a larger share than the 15.4% in 2007. Electricity from solar photovoltaics, which grew an estimated 85% between 2007 and 2008, and from wind, which increased 25%, were responsible for the increase in electricity from renewable sources. A 26% growth in liquid biomass between 2007 and 2008 drove its share of renewables from 7% to an estimated 8.6% in 2008.
* The capacities of plants which co-fire combustible renewables and waste with fossil fuels (e.g. solid biomass that is co-fired with coal) are included under the dominant fuel ** Other: Geothermal, wind, solar, tide.
The biggest share, 348.5 GW were hydroelectric plants (excluding pumped storage) followed by 78.3 GW from wind, 23.6 GW of solid biomass, 9.6 GW of municipal waste, 7.8 GW of solar photovoltaic, 5.7 GW gas from biomass, 5.4 GW of geothermal, 0.8 GW from industrial waste, 0.6 GW of liquid biomass, 0.5 GW of solar thermal, and 0.3 GW of tide, wave, and ocean power capacity. Pumped storage capacity represented 92.7 GW. As developments in production for the various renewable
UNDERSTANDING SOLAR ENERGY STATISTICS

The following article, by Ms. Yasmina Abdelilah of the IEA Energy Statistics Division, was written to help readers understand the solar energy statistics presented in Renewables Information and the issues associated with their data collection and measurement. such as maximising the amount of heat that flows through a building for space heating, or an active use whereby the solar energy is transformed into a more usable form like electricity or process heat.
Passive solar technologies

Technologies that utilise solar energy in its natural state with no need for any further energy conversion are referred to as passive solar technologies. They often refer to special designs or building materials that take advantage of the sun's position and availability to provide direct heating, cooling and lighting. Architectural considerations which optimise window size to maximise the amount of natural sunlight to illuminate interior spaces are one example of a passive technology.
Introduction
Solar energy statistics are used to devise countryspecific policy instruments, monitor the progress of national renewable energy targets, and assess the benefits of new solar projects. Given the impact of such decisions, it is necessary to understand how real-world data are collected and used to describe solar energy. The technologies that harness solar energy and transform it into electricity and heat are often utilised in a manner that makes it difficult to accurately measure and monitor these outputs on a national level. Understanding these challenges is integral to appropriate interpretation and effective use of solar energy statistics.
Active solar technologies

Technologies which harness solar radiation and convert the energy into a more refined form such as heat or electricity are called active solar technologies. Typically these technologies are grouped into two broad categories; solar photovoltaics (PV), which convert sunlight directly into electricity and, solar thermal collectors which capture the suns radiation to transform into heat.
Background
Energy from the sun may be used in a variety of ways. This abundant source of free energy can be used to heat buildings, produce hot water, provide steam for industrial processes, or other end-use applications. It may also be converted to electricity for local use or exported to a network and transmitted to distant loads. The type of technology used to harness solar energy is dependent on the end use of the energy as outlined in Table 1. This could simply be through passive use,
Solar photovoltaics
Solar photovoltaic refers to solar radiation that is converted directly into electricity through photovoltaic cells. Sunlight contains packets of energy called photons. When sunlight strikes a cell, the photons are absorbed by a semi-conducting material, releasing electrons which flow through the material to produce electricity. Electrical connections link a number of cells together and they are encapsulated and framed to form a module. Modules can be wired together and connected in different configurations to match the power
Table 1: Solar energy technologies and end-use applications Primary energy source
Natural
Description
Size
Energy form of end-use

Light, heat
End-use application of energy form
Inherent functions of the sun
N/A
Passive solar technologies
Drying clothes from heat, biomass production from photosynthesis
Design
Maximizing size of windows, building orientation, Trombe walls Consumer products
N/A
Light, heat
Space heating and cooling, illumination, ventilation
<10 W
Electricity
Solar power calculators, watches, garden lighting, small electronics (i.e. battery chargers for camping) Water pumping and treatment, refrigeration, telecommunications, lighting, domestic and small industrial power supply Electricity for residential and industrial uses Utility scale power for network distribution Swimming pool heating, domestic hot water, space heating & cooling, drying Industrial processes, e.g. boiling, sterilisation, bleaching, dyeing, distilling, chemical processes Utility scale power for network distribution Industrial processes, e.g. water purification, desalination, absorption cooling, producing hydrogen
Active solar technologies
Solar PV
Distributed1 off-grid
10 W 100 kW
Electricity
Distributed1 grid connected 10 100 kW Centralised power stations Flat plat collectors (glazed and unglazed) Solar thermal Advanced flat plate & Evacuated tube collectors Concentrated solar power collectors >0.1 -1 MW Low temp. 30 -80 C Med temp. 80 -250 C High temp. 280 -2000 C
Electricity Electricity Heat
Heat
Electricity Heat
required by different loads. Hence, solar PV systems can range from a few kilowatts (kW) for small applications, such as powering street lights or traffic signals, up to several tens of megawatts (MW) for larger applications, such as utility scale power. Solar PV systems are classified by application and size. Grid-connected centralised systems perform the function of power plants. These are typically large ground-mounted systems located in areas with high solar irradiation whose principal purpose is to produce electricity for distribution through the transmission network. Photovoltaic electricity generated on this scale is produced by systems that start at about 1 MW of capacity and are limited in size only by space constraints. Therefore, they are typically located far from communities where the demand is required. Delivering the electricity efficiently and economically to the customer is considered a challenge of centralised PV systems.
In this respect, the modularity of PV systems makes them more suitable for distributed power generation, where the production of electricity occurs close to the point of consumption1. Distributed PV systems are smaller than centralised power plants and are further classified by their function as an off-grid or on-grid system. Off-grid systems are not connected to the electricity network and operate as stand-alone systems. They are suitable for customers located in remote areas far from transmission lines who need electricity for applications such as lighting, telecommunication, signalling, refrigeration, water pumping, irrigation, and other essential electricity services. Offgrid domestic systems are typically around 1 kW in size.
1. Distributed generation is a term loosely applied to decentralised power systems. With regard to photovoltaics, this includes off-grid and small grid-connected systems (Energy Technology Perspectives 2008).
Grid connected PV systems are integrated on the customers premises (e.g. on roof-tops), or can be built into the environment. Potentially, surplus electricity not used by the customer may be fed into the local network helping to meet grid demand and providing financial benefit to the consumer. Similar to off-grid applications, these-grid-connected systems are used for small loads and roof-top systems are typically less than a hundred kilowatts.
addition to electricity production, high temperature heat from CSP systems can be also used for industrial applications such as water purification, desalination, absorption cooling and even hydrogen production. Solar energy can be harnessed to provide electricity and heat on both small and large scales. Yet this versatility presents somewhat of a challenge for accounting for solar energy in statistics. Passive solar energy, for example, does not appear in energy statistics because defining harmonised methods of data collection would be extremely difficult given there is no practical point of measurement. Therefore, energy statistics tend to focus on the amounts of heat and electricity that are generated from active solar technologies; yet even quantifying those data is not straightforward as discussed in the following sections.
Solar thermal
Solar thermal energy is harnessed by technologies that collect solar radiation and transform the energy into usable heat, either for directly satisfying heating needs or for producing electricity. The components within a solar thermal system vary from one another depending on the application, but a simplified description separates them into two parts: a collector to capture the suns radiation and a conversion system to transform the energy into a useful heat output. Advanced systems have storage and/or a back-up system that uses an alternate fuel. Solar radiation is captured by the collector and then stored as thermal energy in a circulating fluid (e.g. refrigerant/water or antifreeze/air). The heated fluid cools an absorber and then transfers the thermal energy to the second part of the system, where it is converted into a useful heat output and distributed with fans, pumps, and pipes for a variety of end-uses. The temperature required for each end-use dictates the type of collector used to harness the thermal energy. The main collector technologies include unglazed, glazed flat plate, and evacuated tubes. Flat plate collectors are typically used for end-uses with low temperature requirements (20 80C) such as heating swimming pools or for domestic hot water. Industrial applications with medium temperature requirements (80 250C) such as sterilization during food processing, evaporation, or melting, employ evacuated tube collectors, but also some advanced flat plate collectors. Electricity generation from solar thermal energy requires high temperatures. Temperatures above 280C are required to heat a working fluid into steam to drive a turbine and produce electricity at a generator. Concentrated solar power collectors (CSP) are used to focus the suns radiation to achieve the desired temperatures. The main three types of CSP technologies in use for utility scale electricity production are: parabolic troughs (1-100 MW), dish collectors (1-10 MW), and solar power towers (20-200 MW). In
Electricity from solar energy

Measuring and monitoring
In 2007, OECD countries reported 4.6 TWh of electricity generation from solar energy. Only 15% of that amount was produced from solar thermal technologies. The remaining 85% is attributed to solar photovoltaic technologies, a market that has experienced tremendous growth since 2000. In fact, each year since 2000, the amount of electricity from solar PV has grown more than 50% from the previous year, reaching a reported 3.9 TWh in 2007. However, since electricity produced from solar PV is difficult to monitor on a national level, this figure is likely an underestimation. Photovoltaic electricity is difficult to accurately quantify because there are limited number of places where the electricity can actually be measured. The most reliable points of measurement tend to be associated with centralised power production. Power plants measure electricity because the quantities are sold and network operators must monitor voltage at specific points along the transmission lines. These documented figures make utilities a suitable source of reliable data for national administrations to survey. However, the majority of PV electricity is not produced in large, centralised power stations, but in small, distributed systems and consumed directly on site. Thus, any survey methods that were designed for centralised power production generally exclude the electricity produced from these small distributed systems. Electricity from off-grid PV systems with no metered connection to transmission lines cannot be
observed by network operators. Furthermore, electricity producers that receive national surveys are often required to be of a minimum size, typically in the MW range, therefore excluding the majority of smaller grid connected systems (which are in the range of a few watts to 100 kW) from the surveys. As a result, electricity from small and off-grid PV systems are often omitted from national statistics. In these cases, PV electricity data is often estimated from the amount of operational capacity installed. In this respect, PV capacity data serves as an indicator of the potential electricity from photovoltaics. Given this role, it is important to understand the effects any variability can have on national statistics as they too are difficult to measure and monitor on a national level.
IEA statistics, representing less than 2% of the reported OECD photovoltaic capacity (Table 2). In contrast, the PVPS annual report estimates 2908 MW of capacity in these four countries, as much as 37% of the potential capacity in the OECD. Consequently, the 7797 MW of OECD capacity estimated from PVPS figures, is about 57% higher than the 4968 MW reported as official statistics in 2007 (Table 2).
Table 2: OECD solar photovoltaic capacity and production in 2007
Reported* PVPS Estimated Generation Range*** GWhLB GWhUB 83 58 1919 831 2891 6763 165 95 2111 1019 3390 7262
Capacity Generation Capacity** MW Australia France Japan United States Subtotal Total OECD 7 25 10 37 79 4968 GWh 10.4 16.2 8.4 15.8 50.8 3919 MW 83 75 1919 831 2908 7797
Effects of variability
As is the case in sampling any real-world data, PV capacity statistics are highly specific to the method used to collect the data. A range of capacity figures can exist for the same market depending on the source of the data and their assumptions made about the amount actually installed and in operation at a given time. For example, the total capacity shipped from a PV manufacturer at the end of the year will differ from the amount of capacity actually up and running on the network due to the time it takes for the system to be purchased and installed. A natural result of this capacity in flux is that end of the year figures from grid operators will differ from those obtained from manufacturers. Inclusion criteria and time of data collection are additional reasons why datasets may vary. To assess the range of variability that exists in PV capacity statistics, data reported to the IEA in 2007 were compared to figures from a secondary source, the IEA-PVPS annual report, which gathers data from a variety of sources such as industry and research groups. While not a perfect match, the variability in capacity figures for a majority of countries was within an acceptable range, that is, in proportion to their installed capacity. Germany had the highest installed capacity in both datasets and was able to report 3811 MW of capacity, just 1% less than the 3862 listed in the PVPS report. The 638 MW reported by Spain was only 3% less than the 655 MW estimated by the PVPS report and both datasets confirmed that the amount of installed capacity in Spain increased by a factor of four between 2006 and 2007. However, the difference in capacity for Australia, France, Japan, and the United States between the two datasets was much larger. These four countries combined reported 79 MW of PV capacity as official
* Australia and France: Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 2009. Japan: Data reflects initial submission. The national administration agreed to the use of the PVPS capacity data for Table 2 in country profiles in IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 2009. United States: Data reflects initial submission. The estimate provided by the national administration of 974 MW was used for Table 2 in the country profile of IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 2009. Total OECD: Data reflects sum of capacities of original submissions. Figures on page 37 include IEA Secretariat estimates. ** Source: IEA Photovoltaics Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) Annual Report 2008. *** The following ranges of annual yields from PV systems in each country were used to calculate the capacity factors: Australia 1000 2000 kWh/kW, France: 770 1260 kWh/kW, Japan: 1000 1100 kWh/kW (IEA PVPS National Reports, 2007), United States: 1000-1226 kWh/kW (Nordmann et al,. 2007).
One of the main reasons for the disparity between the two sources is the inclusion criteria for data used as official statistics. National administrations are required to have a certain level of confidence in the data that is presented as official statistics and must ensure that they are collected in an objective, consistent manner. As this often corresponds only with data that are measured and monitored, some countries risk underestimating the capacity of distributed systems, which constitute a large part of the PV market. The most accurate data exist where there are government incentives in place to monitor the amounts of small grid-connected PV capacity. For example, there are monitoring systems already in place for implementing the feed-in tariff schemes for PV electricity
generation in Germany and Spain. Customers connected to these grids must register their PV systems and the electricity produced is metered and monitored in order for them to receive any payments. This type of extensive tracking provides a reliable point of measurement for data collectors, hence the similarity in figures between national administrations and the PVPS annual report for countries such as Germany and Spain. However, data with this level of reliability is not always available to all national administrations. Countries without well-established monitoring systems of distributed PV capacity must rely on other data collection sources and methods to compile national statistics. Such is the case in Japan where they survey electricity producers, but only those with a minimum size of 1000 kW capacity receive a survey. This method accounts for only 10 MW of capacity in 2007, yet according to the PVPS report, estimates for Japan maybe as high as 1919 MW if the small units such as roof-top systems are included. In the United States, only the capacity from centralised gridconnected PV systems is observed and reported, accounting for only 37 MW. However, the PVPS estimates, which include distributed systems, amount to 831 MW in the US, while estimates from the EIA2 are even higher at 974 MW. In Australia, based on the PVPS annual report, about 80% of their capacity is used for off-grid applications, with only 7 MW of the estimated 83 MW of capacity monitored and reported. Based on end-of-year shipments from manufacturers, the PVPS suggests that as much as 75 MW of PV capacity may be installed in France. Sources used in French official statistics quote a much more conservative number, 25 MW, which is likely obtained from the national grid operator who recognizes a 160 daydelay to connect systems to the network. Thus, in comparison to data with more liberal criteria for data collection, the combined capacity in these four countries may be as high as 2908 MW in 2007, which suggests that the reported 51 GWh of electricity may be an underestimation of the total contribution from photovoltaics. Estimates for the amount of photovoltaic electricity generation that could be produced from those 2908 MW can be calculated using capacity factors3.
Capacity factors are dependent on the amount of sunlight absorbed by the PV panel, which is only available during certain hours of the day and varies across the different latitudes of the globe. To account for these varying levels of solar irradiation, a range of capacity factors were considered for each country. The following ranges were derived for each country from published annual yields: Australia: 11.4 22.8%, France: 8.8-14.4%, Japan: 11.4 12.6%, United States: 11.4-14%4. These factors were multiplied by the PVPS capacities to estimate the upper and lower bounds of electricity generation that could be produced from the potential 2908 MW of operating capacity. Using the lower bounds of the capacity factors for the 2908 MW suggests a conservative estimate at about 2890 GWh of PV electricity, almost 60 times greater than the 51 GWh reported by these four countries. With respect to the OECD total, these estimates imply a generation of 6763 GWh of PV electricity, a 72% increase from the 3919 GWh reported in 2007. This paints quite a different picture of the amount of photovoltaic electricity produced and consumed in OECD countries when this unaccounted for capacity is included. Understanding the explanations for such a wide range of values is essential to any conclusions drawn from solar energy statistics.
Heat from solar energy

Measuring and monitoring
Measuring and monitoring process heat from solar thermal energy also presents data collection challenges. Compared to electricity, it is more difficult to quantify, consumers often generate and consume all process heat on-site and there are limited commercial markets that sell process heat. In 2007, Denmark was the only OECD country to report heat from solar thermal as being sold from district heat networks. The 0.05 PJ of solar thermal consumed to generate this process heat represented less than 1% of the total OECD primary energy production of solar thermal. The remaining 146 PJ of solar thermal energy was harnessed by small solar collectors installed on commercial and residential buildings, transformed into useful heat output by a conversion system and used directly on-site. Useful heat outputs are rarely measured when they are produced and consumed by the same end-user because it is difficult to define a point between the solar
2. The EIA refers to the Energy Information Administration of the United States Department of Energy. 3. A capacity factor is a ratio of the electricity produced to the maximum capacity of the generating unit had it been operating 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
collector and the end-use where the heat can actually be measured. Unless there is a commercial need or incentive to invest in measuring the heat output, useful heat outputs from solar thermal systems are not monitored. Recognizing the need for national administrations to evaluate the contribution of solar thermal energy to heat production, projects such as K4RES-H4 and ThERRA5 have investigated various methodologies to estimate solar heat, but a standardised method for calculating solar heat remains to be defined. In lieu of such data, the total final consumption of solar thermal energy is increasingly recognized as an indicator of solar heat in many national statistics, as the case in annual report by the Federal Ministry for the Environment in Germany6 . This convention may lead to confusion between the two terminologies. Thus, it is important to understand the distinction between data that represents the total final consumption of solar thermal and data that represents useful heat outputs from solar thermal. The total final consumption, of solar thermal is defined as the amount of energy delivered to the enduser. This quantity is defined in IEA statistics as the amount of solar thermal energy available to the heat transfer medium minus the optical and collector heat losses. Solar thermal energy further transformed by the system into heat outputs are considered useful heat outputs, and sometimes referred to as solar heat. These are outputs that difficult to measure. In the absence of a standardised method for calculating them, national administrations tend to monitor the total final consumption of solar thermal energy instead. While it is an observed statistic, total final consumption is not actually measured. The 146 PJ reported by OECD countries in 2007 are the sum of each countries estimation of solar thermal energy consumption. The ways to calculate this figure vary from country to country as do the assumptions and empirical data available, thus it is important to be aware of the variability that can exist.
Effects of variability
While there are no universally agreed practices, almost all methods to calculate solar thermal consumption are based on collector area. Generally speaking, the collector area is multiplied by the energy production per unit area. The energy production per unit area, often referred to as collector yield, and expressed in kWh/m2, depends primarily on the type of collector (glazed, unglazed, evacuated tube, etc.), which is ultimately dictated by the end use (domestic hot water preparation, space heating, etc.), the local climatic conditions, and system orientation relative to the sun. Collector yields vary by the amount of solar energy, available to the collector and thus are largely dependent on the solar irradiation of the geographic location, the angle of the collector relative to the sun, and hours of exposed sunlight. As a result of these different parameters, annual collector yields can range from 130 kWh/m2 for unglazed collectors used for drying hay in Switzerland to 898 kWh/m2 for hot water systems in Spain7. This variability requires national administrations to make country specific assumptions about the characteristics of the solar thermal systems in operation in various climatic regions. Thus, the level of detail in choosing annual collector yields can vary greatly between methods and will ultimately affect the total final consumption of solar thermal energy. Variations in this calculated value are also due to assumptions made about the amount of operational capacity installed. Systems that were installed 10, 15, and even 20 years ago may no longer be in operation and the capacity still in working order is usually estimated. The European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF) assumes a life-span of 20 years for systems installed after 1990 (ESTIF, 2008). The IEASHC annual report assumes a 25-year lifetime if no information is available (IEA SHC, 2008). These assumptions affect the amounts of capacity used in the calculation of energy produced from solar collectors. If the number of systems being decommissioned each year is larger than the number being installed, solar thermal consumption will decrease over time, as is the case in Japan where figures decreased from 49 PJ in 1990 to 23 PJ in 2007.
4. Key Issues for Renewable Heat in Europe (K4RES-H) is a project coordinated by the European Solar Thermal Industry Association under the European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) aimed to develop guidelines for quantifying renewable heat. 5. ThERRA, a project funded by the Intelligent Energy for Europe Programme, compared definitions of renewable heat and methodologies used by various organizations to develop a protocol to monitor renewable heat. 6. Further discussion about the use of final energy to describe renewable heat can be found in: Renewable Energy Sources in Figures. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Berlin, Germany, 2008, pp 74.
7. Switzerland: Source: Markterhebung Sonnenenergie 2007. Bundesamt fr Energie & Swissolar. 2007. Spain: Source: Personal communication with Secretara General de Energa Ministerio de Industria Turismo y Comercio. 17 April 2009.
The number of ways annual collector yields and capacity can be combined and summed to calculate solar thermal consumption quickly multiplies for countries that span a range of climatic conditions with many varied collector types in operation. Such is the case in the United States whose market contains five different types of collectors operating across latitudes exposed to average solar irradiation levels that range from 1400 to 2500 kWh/m2 per year. Given the variety of methodologies and associated factors, the 146 PJ of final consumption of solar thermal in OECD countries could in fact be higher or lower. Only a range for the value of final consumption of solar thermal energy in OECD countries can be known with reasonable certainty.
an important role in a countrys ability to evaluate progress towards these targets. The development of effective strategies and policies to address even broader issues, such as energy security and carbon free power production, puts a universal focus on accurate energy statistics.
Sources
IEA Renewables and Waste Statistics of OECD Countries. 2009 Edition. IEA Photovoltaics Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) Implementing Agreements National Reports for Australia, France, Japan, and the United States. IEA Photovoltaics Power Systems Programme 2007. Nordmann, T., Clavadetscher,and L., Jahn, U. PV System Performance and Cost Analysis, A Report by IEA PVPS Task 2. 2007. Solar Heat Worldwide - Markets and Contribution to the Energy Supply 2006. Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. International Energy Agency Edition 2008. Solar Thermal Markets in Europe, Trends and Market Statistics 2007. European Solar Thermal Industry Association. June 2008.
Summary
Solar energy is one of the most challenging renewable sources to quantify. The advantages of such an abundant and free source of energy lie in its versatility to be harnessed at the utility level or to be used directly on-site far away from a centralised network. Despite these benefits, decentralised uses of solar energy create a challenge for those who collect statistics. Often times this form of energy production completely bypasses commercial flows of energy where it would be otherwise measured, making it difficult for a country to quantify the contribution of solar energy to overall energy production. The ability to monitor such a role has gained much attention on an international level. With the targets set by the European Union that 20% of energy production must come from renewable sources by 2020, high quality renewable data will play
Acknowledgements
The author gratefully acknowledges the collaboration, review, and editing provided by Mr. Michel Francoeur of the Energy Statistics Division, Mr. David Wilkinson of the Office of the Chief Economist, and Ms. Zuzana Dobrotkova and Mr. Cdric Philibert of the Renewable Energy Unit.
PART II RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW
TABLE 1. WORLD: RENEWABLES INDICATORS IN 2007

TPES
Of which Renewables Share of Renewables in TPES (%) Share of Main Fuel Categories in Total Renewables (%) Geothermal, Solar, Wind, Tide Renewable Combustibles and Waste
Mtoe
Mtoe
Hydro
Africa Latin America Asia China Non-OECD Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East OECD World Marine & Aviation Bunkers World Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Slavador
Eritrea Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries.
630.9 551.1 1377.0 1969.5 105.8 1015.6 548.3 5497.1 330.5 12026.0 2.2 36.9 10.8 73.6 2.8 124.1 33.2 11.9 8.8 25.8 28.0 57.0 2.9 5.4 5.6 2.0 235.6 2.8 20.2 5.1 7.3 269.4 30.8 1955.8 29.0 1.3 18.0 4.8 10.0 9.3 9.9 2.4 45.8 19.6 7.9 11.8 69.0 5.0 0.7
304.6 168.3 375.2 241.3 10.1 30.7 4.0 357.9 x 1492.2 0.5 0.1 7.0 5.2 0.2 6.9 7.9 0.2 8.7 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 104.7 1.0 3.6 5.3 43.5 6.7 241.3 8.3 0.7 17.5 2.5 7.8 0.7 1.3 0.1 2.1 3.4 1.5 1.5 2.9 2.8 0.5
48.3 30.5 27.2 12.3 9.6 3.0 0.7 6.5 x 12.4 21.0 0.3 65.1 7.0 5.6 5.5 23.7 1.7 33.8 4.6 2.7 61.5 18.2 9.4 23.1 44.4 4.8 70.6 72.7 16.2 21.8 12.3 28.7 58.2 97.0 52.6 77.9 7.4 13.2 3.0 4.7 17.1 19.5 12.7 4.2 56.4 73.5
2.7 34.2 5.9 17.3 37.6 69.3 48.2 30.2 x 17.7 52.5 20.4 3.9 50.8 99.8 18.0 39.4 100.0 1.4 0.2 2.2 0.0 20.1 65.2 30.7 25.7 0.1 6.2 72.8 29.6 17.3 45.8 3.9 4.1 23.2 2.0 52.5 0.8 8.4 0.1 7.8 51.6 46.2 5.3 -
0.3 1.6 4.3 2.1 1.3 1.5 21.7 13.2 x 4.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 5.3 4.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.2 3.8 0.6 0.0 2.1 0.1 43.2 1.0 72.8 0.7 19.1 2.5 41.9 0.0
97.0 64.2 89.8 80.6 61.1 29.2 30.1 56.6 x 77.3 47.1 79.6 96.1 49.1 76.6 56.6 98.6 99.8 94.5 100.0 79.9 34.8 100.0 69.1 70.5 99.9 93.8 26.6 70.4 80.6 54.1 96.1 95.9 33.6 98.0 46.5 99.2 27.2 90.9 80.8 92.2 48.4 51.3 52.9 100.0
TABLE 1. WORLD: RENEWABLES INDICATORS IN 2007 (Continued)

TPES
Mtoe
Mtoe
Hydro
Estonia Ethiopia Finland France FYR of Macedonia Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Giblartar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal
Netherlands Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.
5.6 22.8 36.5 263.7 3.0 1.8 3.3 331.3 9.5 0.2 32.2 8.3 2.8 4.7 13.7 26.7 4.9 595.3 190.6 184.9 33.1 15.1 22.0 178.2 5.0 513.5 7.2 63.6 18.3 222.2 18.4 25.2 2.9 4.7 4.0 17.8 9.3 4.2 72.6 0.9 184.3 3.3 3.1 14.4 9.1 15.6 1.6 9.6 80.4
0.6 20.9 8.5 17.8 0.2 1.1 1.0 26.1 6.5 1.7 4.5 2.0 2.1 0.1 1.4 3.9 173.5 59.4 2.5 0.1 0.5 0.8 12.0 0.5 16.3 0.1 0.8 14.7 1.3 2.2 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 3.4 0.0 17.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 8.7 10.7 0.3 8.5 2.4
10.7 91.5 23.2 6.7 8.0 60.3 29.7 7.9 68.0 5.4 54.1 72.2 44.7 0.4 5.1 80.7 29.1 31.2 1.3 0.2 3.1 3.4 6.8 10.1 3.2 1.6 1.2 80.4 0.6 11.9 41.3 30.1 5.2 0.9 8.8 2.2 4.7 0.1 9.3 2.2 3.3 4.1 95.4 68.3 20.9 89.2 3.0
0.3 1.4 14.4 28.1 36.1 6.2 59.2 6.9 5.0 12.9 7.0 0.7 9.0 1.3 18.3 6.1 1.6 62.1 62.4 12.3 0.3 23.4 2.7 39.0 4.7 90.6 2.0 23.5 52.4 99.7 16.7 24.0 4.5 10.1 16.2 13.7 3.8 19.5 15.8 2.8 41.3 2.8 0.4
1.3 0.2 3.1 4.1 1.0 16.1 19.1 0.2 7.2 81.6 0.7 10.2 0.5 36.9 98.5 44.9 0.9 21.9 89.6 6.0 5.9 0.3 8.7 1.3 8.2 0.0 100.0 38.0 4.1 0.0 13.4
98.4 98.6 85.4 68.7 59.8 93.8 39.8 77.0 95.0 68.0 93.0 99.3 91.0 99.8 91.5 0.1 93.2 88.2 37.4 37.6 50.8 1.2 31.7 96.4 39.1 5.7 9.4 92.0 70.5 47.6 0.3 83.0 67.3 100.0 94.2 81.7 83.8 48.2 96.2 100.0 76.5 84.2 97.2 58.7 97.2 86.2
TABLE 1. WORLD: RENEWABLES INDICATORS IN 2007 (Continued)

TPES
Mtoe
Mtoe
Hydro
Netherland Antilles Nicaragua Nigeria Norway New Zealand Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syria Chinese Taipei Tajikistan United Rep. of Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Ukraine Uruguay United States Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia
Zimbabwe Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.
2.2 3.5 106.7 26.9 16.8 15.5 83.3 2.8 4.2 14.1 40.0 97.1 25.1 22.2 38.9 672.1 150.3 2.7 15.8 26.8 17.8 7.3 134.3 144.0 9.3 14.7 50.4 25.7 19.6 109.9 3.9 18.3 104.0 2.5 15.3 8.8 100.0 18.1 48.3 211.3 137.3 3.2 2339.9 48.7 63.7 55.8 7.2 7.4 9.4
2.1 86.1 12.8 5.5 30.7 0.7 6.8 4.2 17.2 5.0 4.5 0.0 4.7 19.4 0.0 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.7 13.8 10.0 5.1 10.8 15.3 4.6 0.3 1.3 1.5 16.4 19.2 2.1 0.0 1.2 9.6 0.0 0.0 4.4 1.7 1.2 110.9 0.6 7.7 27.1 0.1 6.7 6.6
59.2 80.7 47.8 32.6 36.9 24.6 163.0 30.2 43.0 5.1 17.9 0.0 12.2 2.9 0.0 46.6 10.5 5.4 10.1 10.2 6.9 54.5 73.7 30.3 17.7 1.6 1.2 37.7 89.7 18.5 85.4 0.1 13.7 9.6 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 38.3 4.7 1.1 12.1 48.6 1.1 89.6 69.7
1.3 0.6 89.7 37.0 8.0 45.4 67.5 39.6 4.3 4.1 19.3 28.9 78.5 1.5 51.8 39.4 37.8 0.6 23.9 6.7 1.2 37.2 66.6 98.0 29.8 100.0 1.3 3.6 0.4 0.3 32.1 100.0 10.0 50.5 57.2 19.4 100.0 93.0 9.5 12.6 6.8
10.2 0.6 42.7 0.2 51.1 1.1 12.7 0.4 2.2 0.0 1.1 0.2 25.2 0.0 0.9 4.3 10.4 0.0 0.3 15.6 11.4 0.2 11.9 -
88.6 99.4 9.7 20.3 92.0 54.6 32.5 60.3 44.6 94.8 68.0 100.0 70.7 19.4 100.0 98.5 48.2 59.5 62.2 99.3 50.9 93.3 98.8 61.9 29.1 2.0 59.8 98.7 96.4 99.6 100.0 99.3 52.3 100.0 78.7 49.3 42.8 68.7 0.0 7.0 90.5 100.0 87.4 93.2
TABLE 2. OECD: CONTRIBUTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES TO TPES* (%)

Average annual percent change
1990
OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe IEA Total IEA North America IEA Europe Non-OECD Total World Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States 5.8 6.4 4.1 5.7 5.7 6.1 5.7 20.9 12.7 5.9 20.2 1.0 16.2 0.2 6.3 19.3 7.0 1.5 5.2 2.6 67.0 1.7 4.4 3.5 1.1 0.4 11.4 1.1 35.8 54.3 1.5 19.6 1.5 6.9 24.4 13.6 18.3 0.5 5.0
1995
6.0 6.5 3.6 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.3 22.0 13.1 6.0 21.9 1.0 16.8 1.5 7.3 21.2 7.5 1.8 5.7 3.4 69.5 1.5 4.8 3.2 0.3 1.0 11.7 1.2 33.8 49.2 3.9 16.4 2.8 5.5 25.5 16.5 17.5 0.8 5.1
2000
5.9 6.0 3.5 6.9 5.7 5.7 6.8 21.8 12.9 5.9 23.1 1.1 16.9 1.5 10.6 24.1 6.8 2.7 5.2 3.3 74.4 1.7 5.9 3.2 0.4 1.2 10.8 1.7 29.8 52.2 4.3 15.2 2.8 5.7 31.0 16.6 13.2 1.0 4.5
2005
6.1 6.0 3.4 7.4 5.9 5.7 7.3 19.2 12.4 5.4 21.1 2.0 16.0 4.0 16.1 23.4 6.0 4.9 5.4 4.3 75.7 2.5 6.4 3.2 0.5 1.2 9.7 2.7 32.0 45.7 4.9 13.1 4.3 5.9 28.7 15.7 12.0 1.7 4.5
2006
6.3 6.1 3.5 7.8 6.1 5.9 7.7 18.7 12.4 5.3 22.2 2.3 15.7 4.2 15.2 23.1 6.3 5.8 5.9 4.5 78.3 2.9 6.9 3.3 0.6 1.3 9.5 2.9 31.7 39.7 5.1 17.1 4.5 6.5 28.7 15.3 11.1 1.9 4.8
2007
6.5 6.1 3.4 8.6 6.3 5.9 8.4 18.3 12.4 5.5 23.7 2.7 16.2 4.7 17.1 23.2 6.7 7.9 5.4 5.1 80.7 3.1 6.8 3.2 0.6 2.2 9.3 3.0 32.6 47.8 5.1 17.9 5.4 6.9 30.3 17.7 9.6 2.1 4.7
2008e
6.8 6.5 3.4 8.8 6.6 6.3 8.6 .. .. 5.2 23.4 3.1 16.4 4.7 17.4 24.9 7.1 7.7 5.0 5.9 82.3 3.7 7.7 3.1 0.7 1.8 9.6 3.6 33.9 43.0 5.4 17.7 4.8 7.3 31.8 17.6 9.5 2.5 5.1
90-08
0.8 0.1 -1.1 2.4 0.9 0.1 2.4 .. .. -0.6 0.8 6.5 0.1 19.0 5.8 1.4 0.0 9.5 -0.1 4.6 1.1 4.5 3.1 -0.7 -2.7 8.0 -0.9 6.7 -0.3 -1.3 7.3 -0.5 6.5 0.3 1.5 1.4 -3.6 9.3 0.1
*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
TABLE 3. OECD: SHARE OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES* (%)

1990
OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe IEA Total IEA North America IEA Europe Non-OECD Total World Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States 17.3 18.3 13.1 17.6 17.2 18.2 17.5 23.3 19.5 9.6 66.2 0.8 62.4 1.9 3.2 29.5 13.4 3.5 5.1 0.7 99.9 4.9 16.4 12.0 6.0 13.3 23.0 1.1 80.5 99.8 1.1 34.7 7.4 17.2 51.0 55.0 40.4 1.8 11.5
1995
16.9 17.8 10.8 18.6 16.8 17.6 18.4 25.3 19.9 9.6 70.5 0.9 61.0 4.0 5.4 30.5 15.3 4.9 8.6 0.6 99.8 4.1 17.5 10.0 1.7 22.0 21.1 1.7 84.9 99.7 1.4 28.3 18.5 14.7 47.6 57.4 41.6 2.1 10.8
2000
15.6 15.2 9.7 18.9 15.4 15.1 18.7 23.3 18.5 8.6 72.7 1.3 60.6 3.1 16.2 33.3 13.1 6.2 7.8 0.7 99.9 5.0 18.8 9.9 1.4 39.3 19.4 3.3 71.4 99.7 1.6 29.7 15.0 16.1 57.2 57.0 24.9 2.7 8.2
2005
15.1 15.1 8.5 18.3 15.0 15.1 18.1 21.9 18.0 7.5 62.5 2.5 59.8 3.8 28.2 33.2 9.9 10.0 10.8 5.2 99.9 7.3 16.3 9.2 1.0 6.4 15.7 7.4 64.5 99.5 2.5 17.9 14.9 14.4 51.3 55.9 24.5 4.3 8.6
2006
15.5 15.6 9.1 18.5 15.4 15.6 18.3 21.4 18.1 7.7 65.1 3.5 59.5 4.2 21.1 27.2 10.9 11.2 12.8 4.2 100.0 9.1 16.5 10.2 1.0 6.9 15.9 8.2 64.7 99.3 2.7 32.4 15.4 17.6 49.6 51.7 25.3 4.6 9.2
2007
15.4 14.9 8.2 19.8 15.3 14.9 19.5 20.9 17.9 7.5 68.3 4.0 59.4 3.9 27.2 29.9 11.8 14.2 7.3 4.7 100.0 9.9 15.5 8.8 1.1 8.0 14.6 7.4 65.4 99.2 3.4 34.6 17.7 19.5 52.0 54.9 19.0 5.0 8.3
2008e
16.1 15.6 8.0 20.9 15.9 15.4 20.6 .. .. 7.0 69.0 5.3 60.8 4.5 28.6 34.1 13.0 14.6 7.4 5.9 100.0 12.3 18.4 8.9 1.0 9.8 19.1 8.8 64.2 99.3 4.3 32.3 16.0 19.8 53.7 55.6 17.3 5.7 8.8
90-08
-0.4 -0.9 -2.7 1.0 -0.4 -0.9 0.9 .. .. -1.7 0.2 11.2 -0.1 5.0 13.0 0.8 -0.2 8.3 2.1 12.7 0.0 5.2 0.7 -1.7 -9.5 -1.7 -1.0 12.2 -1.2 -0.0 7.9 -0.4 4.4 0.8 0.3 0.1 -4.6 6.5 -1.5
*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
TABLE 4. OECD: SHARE OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES EXCLUDING HYDRO* (%)
1990
OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe IEA Total IEA North America IEA Europe Non-OECD Total World Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States 1.8 2.8 1.3 0.8 1.8 2.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.4 2.3 0.4 0.8 3.1 9.5 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.1 6.7 1.5 1.4 0.0 2.1 4.1 1.0 8.1 0.2 0.0 2.5 0.4 1.3 0.8 0.1 0.2 3.0
1995
1.5 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.4 3.3 0.4 1.0 0.7 5.3 10.3 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.2 5.8 0.1 1.5 1.5 0.1 3.9 3.6 1.6 7.7 0.2 0.0 3.2 0.8 1.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 2.0
2000
1.8 1.9 1.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 0.7 1.4 0.5 2.8 0.7 1.4 0.7 16.1 12.3 0.6 2.4 0.8 0.2 17.2 1.4 2.5 1.5 0.0 11.5 3.1 3.2 9.3 0.2 0.2 3.6 2.8 3.1 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.9
2005
2.8 2.2 1.8 4.3 2.8 2.1 4.3 0.8 2.0 1.1 5.5 2.1 1.7 0.9 28.1 13.7 0.8 6.9 2.3 4.7 19.1 4.8 4.2 2.2 0.1 3.4 4.3 7.4 10.4 0.6 1.1 7.6 0.1 8.3 5.3 1.8 0.1 3.0 2.2
2006
3.1 2.4 1.8 4.9 3.1 2.3 4.9 0.8 2.1 1.5 7.7 3.1 1.8 1.2 21.0 13.3 1.1 8.0 3.0 3.6 26.5 6.5 4.4 2.2 0.1 3.8 3.7 8.1 11.0 0.8 1.4 9.7 1.3 8.9 6.5 1.9 0.2 3.4 2.4
2007
3.6 2.5 1.9 5.9 3.5 2.5 5.8 0.9 2.3 1.8 9.2 3.5 1.8 1.5 27.2 12.5 1.5 10.9 3.2 4.2 29.9 7.5 4.8 2.2 0.2 4.6 4.0 7.3 11.8 0.9 1.9 13.1 1.7 10.3 7.6 1.9 0.3 3.7 2.6
2008e
3.9 2.9 1.9 6.5 3.9 2.8 6.4 .. .. 2.4 10.2 4.8 1.9 2.0 28.6 12.0 1.8 11.3 3.2 5.4 24.5 8.9 5.6 2.0 0.3 5.3 4.0 8.7 13.3 0.9 2.9 17.2 1.7 12.1 7.7 1.9 0.5 4.4 3.0
90-08
4.3 0.3 2.2 12.7 4.4 0.2 12.7 .. .. 10.6 8.7 14.7 4.8 13.2 1.3 7.6 22.2 42.0 28.4 7.5 7.5 2.2 37.6 5.3 -0.2 12.8 2.8 9.2 26.6 11.4 21.4 10.2 5.0 7.7 19.1 -0.0
*Renewable sources include hydro, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biomass, liquid biomass and biogas. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics and IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
TABLE 5. OECD: PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN 2007 (ktoe)
Hydro1
OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe IEA Total IEA North America IEA Europe Non-OECD Total World Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
1 2 3
Wind
12871.4 3258.5 563.1 9049.8 12848.8 3235.9 9049.8 2034.7 14906.0 224.5 173.3 42.2 260.1 10.8 616.9 16.2 348.5 3415.3 156.3 9.5 168.4 346.9 225.7 32.3 5.5 22.5 295.7 80.6 77.4 44.9 347.2 0.7 2365.8 123.0 1.4 30.5 453.6 2975.9
Solar/ Tide
4017.1 1588.3 725.3 1703.5 3908.3 1479.5 1703.5 5626.4 9643.5 142.9 107.9 5.1 4.9 3.8 11.2 1.0 81.5 579.6 159.8 2.5 1.2 55.5 539.8 35.5 2.0 108.8 23.2 7.2 0.4 27.6 0.0 137.3 8.6 29.6 419.8 45.8 1474.6
Geothermal
30375.3 15151.2 5073.0 10151.0 20786.4 8786.2 6927.2 18652.7 49028.0 32.1 3.0 13.7 130.0 211.7 14.4 86.0 3223.8 2.1 5000.6 2820.6 11.1 6365.1 2241.4 10.5 193.3 10.5 7.7 163.4 1047.6 0.8 8786.2
RCW2
202391.2 96008.3 13700.9 92681.9 194147.7 87768.1 92678.7 951466.8 1153858.0 5269.1 4451.3 1436.8 11576.7 1945.9 2707.7 7226.1 12235.9 20140.9 1175.6 1249.1 3.3 236.5 3809.7 6388.6 935.3 74.7 8240.2 2055.6 1107.9 1240.9 4699.1 3054.0 578.5 5084.1 9471.2 1326.1 5020.7 3458.2 76191.4
NonRCW3
18688.2 6175.7 2779.5 9733.0 18685.2 6175.7 9730.0 3836.1 22524.2 101.2 647.7 623.5 128.5 164.9 207.0 97.3 1141.5 2254.9 5.6 74.3 3.0 825.6 987.1 1691.3 24.6 720.3 124.8 544.4 99.7 52.2 309.1 400.4 776.0 34.1 602.2 6047.2
Total*
357882.1 171502.3 29999.8 156380.0 336850.8 154419.9 152431.0 1134300.0 1492182.1 6874.6 7860.0 1520.6 43524.7 2140.2 3351.9 8462.4 17799.9 26145.3 1728.9 1365.1 3949.0 465.6 12034.9 16339.4 1326.5 91.5 17082.4 2383.7 5459.4 12836.6 4957.1 4490.0 972.4 9982.5 15292.5 4552.0 9601.9 4396.0 110895.2
108227.2 55496.0 9937.5 42793.8 105159.6 53150.2 42071.9 156519.5 264746.7 1238.1 3095.4 33.5 31683.0 179.7 2.4 1219.2 5004.1 1797.7 222.8 18.1 721.9 57.4 2822.2 6364.8 312.3 9.3 2345.7 9.2 2022.4 11518.3 202.3 867.9 382.8 2387.6 5689.8 3031.5 3083.2 437.7 21467.2
Hydro does not include pumped hydro Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. Non-renewable combustibles and waste (Non-RCW) include industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
* Total does not include non-renewable combustibles and waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
TABLE 6. OECD: ESTIMATED PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES IN 2008 (ktoe)
Solar/ Tide
4570.0 1747.3 728.0 2094.6 4424.3 1601.7 2094.6 .. .. 156.7 116.8 9.9 4.9 5.8 11.8 1.0 91.1 699.8 160.1 3.8 2.8 84.1 513.5 50.2 1.9 145.7 24.3 7.6 0.5 33.5 0.3 342.9 8.6 31.3 418.3 46.1 1596.8
Hydro1
OECD Total OECD North America OECD/IEA Pacific OECD Europe IEA Total IEA North America IEA Europe Non-OECD Total World Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
1 2 3
Wind
15773.3 4788.9 657.2 10327.1 15751.3 4767.0 10327.1 .. .. 282.5 171.0 53.5 259.9 21.1 595.8 22.5 491.1 3474.4 142.8 17.6 207.3 553.6 251.0 32.8 5.2 21.9 366.3 90.9 78.9 71.6 493.0 0.5 2709.7 169.8 1.4 68.5 611.5 4507.1
Geothermal
31436.8 16474.3 5355.2 9607.3 22601.3 10408.4 6837.7 .. .. 33.1 3.4 11.9 114.1 248.8 17.0 90.7 2769.6 2.1 4956.6 2556.4 15.3 6065.9 2783.6 10.2 175.3 13.0 8.2 176.8 975.5 0.8 10408.4
RCW2
205351.5 98414.8 12796.6 94140.1 197083.4 90150.0 94136.8 .. .. 5289.5 4012.8 1691.8 11676.8 1940.5 2719.7 7175.7 12642.7 19547.3 1110.8 1427.7 3.4 267.3 4360.8 5331.8 1141.6 55.7 8264.7 2431.5 1033.8 1277.9 5076.3 3033.8 500.7 4949.0 9696.6 1382.4 4802.6 4033.3 78473.2
NonRCW3
18661.1 5581.4 2896.1 10183.6 18658.0 5581.4 10180.6 .. .. 106.4 743.1 771.3 131.3 165.0 205.0 93.8 1163.7 2471.1 9.0 65.5 3.0 843.0 902.4 1887.3 24.0 765.0 117.1 518.9 98.0 45.4 270.4 425.4 733.6 12.3 640.0 5450.1
Total*
368289.2 178468.3 29143.5 160677.4 346604.6 160625.4 156835.7 .. .. 6769.1 7572.7 1793.8 43966.4 2141.7 3341.4 8671.0 18827.8 25767.7 1645.0 1558.2 3841.7 562.7 13393.3 15035.9 1503.8 73.3 17842.9 2830.8 5834.7 13358.4 5351.3 4323.3 874.6 10014.9 15791.5 4691.1 9127.3 5123.8 116659.0
111157.7 57042.9 9606.5 44508.3 106744.2 53698.2 43439.5 .. .. 1040.4 3239.1 35.3 32024.8 174.2 2.2 1471.7 5488.9 1797.4 214.2 18.3 1068.7 83.3 3438.3 6383.2 264.0 10.4 3344.7 8.8 1918.8 12001.6 192.6 587.6 360.2 2005.2 5916.5 3099.2 2862.3 432.1 21673.5
Hydro does not include pumped hydro Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. Non-renewable combustibles and waste (Non-RCW) include industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
* Total does not include non-renewable combustibles and waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries . Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
PART III DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA
OECD Total
Tables
1. Energy Supply, GDP and Population 2. Net Generating Capacity of Renewable and Waste Sources (in MW) 3. Gross Electricity Generation from Renewable and Waste Sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat Production from Renewable and Waste Sources in the Transformation Sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat Production from Heat Pumps and Waste Heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and Waste Balance for 2007 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated Energy Balance of Renewable and Waste Sources (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs
1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007 (%) 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source (in TWh)
OECD Total Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 18.7% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 10.0% Renewables 5.8% Hydro 38.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.3%
Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.6% Other(3) 11.0%
Biogas 1.2%
Oil 41.3%
Coal 23.7%
Renew. Mun. Waste 3.5%
TPES(1)
4,478 Mtoe
of which: Total Renewables 261.88 Mtoe
of which: RCW(2) 132.39 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of Renewables in 2007

Gas 22.9% Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 10.8% Hydro 30.2% Renewables 6.5% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.8%
Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 56.6%
Biogas 5.5%
Coal 21.0% Oil 38.4%
Other(3) 13.2%
TPES(1)
5,497 Mtoe
of which: RCW 202.39 Mtoe
Liquid Biomass 12.4% Renew. Mun. Waste 6.3% (2)
Figure 3. Electricity Production by Renewables and Waste Energy Source

2000 1800 1600 1400 TWh 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Hydro Hydro Wind/Solar/Tide Industrial Waste/Non-Renew. Municipal Waste
Geothermal Solid Biomass/Biogas/ Liquid Biomass/Renew. Municipal Waste
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries (1) TPES includes electricity trade. Therefore shares of TPES may not add up to 100%. (2) Renewable combustibles and waste (RCW) include solid biomass, liquid biomass, renewable municipal waste and biogas. (3) Others include geothermal, solar, wind and tide.
OECD Total 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
4831.36 290.56
2000
5249.75 308.46
2005
5470.73 331.55
2006
5461.79 343.08
2007
5497.13 357.88
2008e
5433.71 368.29
90-07
1.2 1.9
of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%)

GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh)(3)
4478.22 261.88
5.8
20003.60 0.22 110 1043.56 4.29 7568.5
6.0
22121.32 0.22 107 1089.75 4.43 8469.7
5.9
25823.69 0.20 100 1129.88 4.65 9618.5
6.1
28535.56 0.19 94 1169.81 4.68 10385.7
6.3
29379.42 0.19 91 1177.43 4.64 10460.9
6.5
30109.61 0.18 90 1185.25 4.64 10645.0
6.8
30351.90 0.18 88 1191.57 4.56 10633.2
0.6
2.4 -1.2 -1.2 0.8 0.5 2.0
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)

Road energy consumption (Mtoe)
1309.57 17.3
789.9
1433.74 16.9
884.1
1495.97 15.6
980.6
1564.75 15.1
1052.3
1617.87 15.5
1064.6
1636.41 15.4
1078.3
1711.38 16.1
..
1.3 -0.7
1.8
of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) L. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5)
0.00 0.0
2.86 0.3
4.02 0.4
11.39 1.1
16.98 1.6
23.48 2.2
.. ..
74.9 71.7
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
2. NET GENERATING CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (MW)

1990
Total capacity
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Solar collectors surface (1000 m2)
1995
436356 407386 82263 5049 .. 333 260 4207 .. .. .. .. 29033
2000
465784 420277 84933 5393 696 420 261 15398 1720 6306 13046 2267 40686
2005
527381 430628 88334 5147 3739 389 261 52377 705 9193 19766 4353 823 62416
2006
550043 435832 91543 5354 5732 414 261 63755 656 9783 22455 4904 897 67016
2007
573800 441192 92725 5364 7822 478 261 78341 837 9607 23577 5742 616 70975
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
2.2 1.0 .. 1.1 .. 2.0 0.0 22.8 .. .. .. .. 6.9
397421 372937 .. 4463 .. 339 260 2383 .. .. .. .. 22972
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
16081
20324
28481
43693
46912
49683
..
6.9
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics (1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD Total 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1294060 1212962 43093 28699 19 663 597 3845 3403 7621 7641 25568 3042 75242 4262 1513 1334 67587 546 -
1995
1514685
1361583 58667 29809 60 824 601 7349 9399 13267 12884 72756 6153 1457945 1361583 58667 29648 60 824 601 7349 4914 10829 10806 26458 4873 56740 161 4485 2438 2078 46298 1280 -
2000
1596113
1386874 68533 32975 162 526 605 28553 13532 19047 18076 82725 13038 1526501 1386874 68533 32085 162 526 605 28553 5561 14821 14561 32229 10524 69612 890 7971 4226 3515 50496 2514 -
2005
1672399
1344480 75323 37640 1532 596 565 93660 9523 25655 22802 111154 21805 2987 1574199 1344480 75323 36434 1532 596 565 93660 2957 16443 14619 47483 13872 1558 98200 1206 6566 9212 8183 63671 7933 1429
2006
1726812
1363682 75172 38079 2597 550 550 116951 9412 27171 24358 115218 24578 3666 1618419 1363682 75172 36581 2597 550 550 116951 3044 16521 14693 46550 14776 1924 108393 1498 6368 10650 9665 68668 9802 1742
2007
1744246
1331961 73505 40211 3919 681 550 149667 9405 28618 24927 122220 28525 3562 1648422 1331961 73505 38721 3919 681 550 149667 2755 19933 17915 56784 23365 2171 95824 1490 6650 8685 7012 65436 5160 1391
2008e
1811157
1361757 69226 40014 7251 949 544 183410 6161 28069 24389 124718 30186 3709 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.4
0.6 3.2 2.0 36.8 0.2 -0.5 24.0 1.2 6.9 6.2 1.6 13.0 1.4 0.6 3.2 1.8 36.8 0.2 -0.5 24.0 -1.2 5.8 5.1 4.8 12.7 1.4 2.7 10.8 10.3 -0.2 14.1 -
1369302
1212962 43093 28699 19 663 597 3845 7665 9134 8975 93155 3588 -
(1) Renewable electricity does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD Total 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1995
217426
7817 6 8595 54028 46527 94841 5612 144891 7103 4611 39214 35635 56864 1464 72535 714 6 3984 14814 10892 37977 4148 -
2000
277578
8076 24 14289 67312 57045 120698 10134 185056 6967 6191 49598 42612 75796 3892 92522 1109 24 8098 17714 14433 44902 6242 -
2005
381922
10173 55 8219 82623 71444 193614 12746 3048 261935 8071 6736 62779 53508 124691 5147 1003 119987 2102 55 1483 19844 17936 68923 7599 2045
2006
437709
11432 49 9928 87945 76300 234198 13582 4275 314842 8709 9151 69462 58717 159990 5757 3056 122867 2723 49 777 18483 17583 74208 7825 1219
2007
471514
10337 52 14906 94465 72289 242502 15219 21744 350097 7800 13551 73493 55408 175801 6941 17103 121417 2537 52 1355 20972 16881 66701 8278 4641
2008e
499783
10524 52 15639 101293 77201 260688 13036 21350 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
(1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
4B. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM HEAT PUMPS AND WASTE HEAT (TJ)
1990
Total heat
Heat pumps(1) (-) Input to heat pumps Waste heat (2) Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
1995
16550
20133 6697 3114
2000
18990
21675 6525 3840
2005
20033
18232 5624 7425
2006
25353
17595 5148 12906
2007
26351
17787 5249 13813
2008e
24241
17022 5146 12365
90-07
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to recovered waste heat from industry sold to third parties. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Tide wave ocean Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Mun. waste renew.
thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES
Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autorpoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Own use Distribution losses
TFC
Industry sector Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport sector Road Other Other sectors Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
108227 108227 -103630 -4597 1258456 1258456 -
12871 12871 -12112 -760 149667 149667 -
47 47 -47 550 550 -
337 337 -321 -16 3920 3920 -
30375 30375 -25120 -169 -972 -36 -122 -5 -272 3678 289 1 139 149 3389 2251 744 141 38 214 40211 38721 1490 10337 7800 2537
3633 3633 -148 -2 -1 3481 128 1 127 3353 2974 319 13 46 681 681 52 52
7610 4 7614 -6 -432 -432 -303 -1365 -20 -22 -3 -8 5023 4965 33 1472 47 1712 15 20 842 83 8 10 723 58 58 9405 2755 6650 14906 13551 1355
12701 14 12715 -1 -5141 -1877 -2257 -1673 -265 -379 1122 190 34 1 45 3 106 932 10 918 4 28619 19933 8686 94465 73493 20972
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Mun. waste nonren. Wood/ wood waste Landfill gas Sludge gas Other biogas Biogasoline Biodiesel Other liquid biofuels Total renew. & waste sources Share in total energy sources
Charcoal
11061 14 11074 -4604 -1723 -1890 -1351 -230 -293 983 165 63 29 73 818 6 809 2 24927 17915 7012 72289 55408 16881
151162 2853 -657 -18 153340 -5 -9568 -6487 -6196 -9211 -1828 -69 -258 -1 119717 63638 5 174 62 775 1 31 1 4881 45166 10016 114 71 2342 56079 51795 2383 1895 7 122220 56784 65436 242502 175801 66701
144 -41 103 133 236 15 15 222 219 3 -
7440 7440 -2 -2661 -1961 -233 -180 -43 -2 -10 2347 2243 4 5 1 1 1 2230 103 103 17661 16123 1538 3360 1817 1543
1089 1089 -124 -338 -226 -14 -4 -73 310 28 4 14 9 282 279 2 2441 229 2212 2021 1407 614
2528 2528 -1740 -81 -144 -235 -154 -4 -2 169 91 1 72 14 4 78 60 16 2 8423 7013 1410 9838 3717 6121
14088 1310 -149 -164 15085 -3 15082 15082 15082 -
8023 971 -468 -38 8488 -68 8421 8382 8382 39 39 -
1568 34 1602 -446 -120 -116 -652 -79 -73 117 85 7 78 15 15 17 1 13 3 3562 2171 1391 21744 17103 4641
372760 5344 -1315 -220 376568 -85 -165970 -18349 -12449 -14929 -2756 -849 -125 -81 -290 160686 71837 42 1663 109 2585 2 47 1 5003 46314 10102 123 81 5763 23479 23479 65370 57294 5677 2078 38 280 1670743 1574918 95825 471514 350097 121417
9.7% 0.2% 0.1% x 6.9% x x x x x x x x x x 4.3% 8.2% 0.0% 1.0% 0.2% 2.9% 0.0% 0.1% 7.0% 37.7% 47.7% 0.7% 0.5% 5.5% 1.9% 2.2% 5.1% 8.3% 1.2% 3.4% 0.9% 0.6% 15.7% 16.4% 9.1% 14.0% 12.7% 19.8%
OECD Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 1131303 1131303 1036795 7729 86779 11077 75702 62316 62316 2393 59923 335 59588 181883 181883 72 113640 5222 62949 60892 2057 195647 195647 1 193880 34 1732 19 1713
1995
1197614 1197614 1084488 8872 104254 12758 91496 66348 66348 2 2973 63373 1622 61751 293108 293108 502 184150 6774 101682 99271 2411 276723 276723 1421 269820 49 5433 21 5412
2000
1278915 1278915 1152925 9414 116576 12822 103754 134775 134775 5593 129182 4079 125103 362134 -29 362105 172 151553 8857 201523 198520 3003 376377 3 376380 -2 318407 4 57971 24598 33373
2005
1193537 1193537 1039289 8958 145290 12244 133046 132818 132818 5698 1 127119 5161 121958 260421 7 -12 260416 65 83427 584 176340 174366 1974 454941 454941 60 412135 42746 8441 34305
2006
1200732 1200732 1043405 8851 148476 12437 136039 137786 137786 5208 132578 5192 127386 301669 15 -30 301654 24 91437 338 99 209756 207747 2009 472415 3 472418 56 424779 47583 7664 39919
2007
1271996 1271996 1106561 11403 154032 12099 141933 152122 152122 6340 1 145781 5380 140401 318674 157 1 318832 260 107781 116 340 210335 207898 2437 531888 570 532458 55 485419 46984 7946 39038
2008e
1316449 1316449 1146404 11403 158642 .. .. 163301 163301 10050 .. 153251 .. .. 300209 -95 300114 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 552671 266 552937 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.7 0.7 0.4 x 3.4 0.5 3.8 5.4 5.4 x 5.9 5.4 17.7 5.2 3.4 x 3.4 x -0.3 -20.1 x 7.4 7.5 1.0 6.1 x 6.1 x 5.5 21.4 42.6 20.2
Solar thermal (TJ)

Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors
Industrial waste (TJ)

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ)
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 186828 186828 185882 34 912 8 904 5268278 6266 8628 5283172 1 1648498 6 3634667 1417278 1 2217388 36035 36035 34496 1539 1281 258 12065 12065 5594 6471 79 6392
1995
264771 264771 1421 258807 49 4494 5 4489 5666974 15362 762 5683098 47 1663316 3 4019732 1629332 1 2390399 60827 60827 1 58705 1 2120 597 1523 18543 18543 -1 10779 7765 95 7670
2000
355265 3 355268 299436 4 55828 24363 31465 5842835 26730 -638 5868927 -2 1001016 132 4867781 2563217 2304564 190351 190351 125723 64 64564 59769 4795 31737 31737 19915 11822 3214 8608
2005
400963 400963 13 365511 35439 6299 29140 6215450 72143 -382 6287211 48 1383514 162 4903487 2498641 30 2404816 277340 277340 2 194118 410 82810 80325 2485 41375 41375 27190 3594 10591 816 9775
2006
421606 421606 15 380916 40675 6955 33720 6218547 97861 -200 6316208 -1 1319261 13 6 4996929 2687851 15 2309063 287793 287793 1 201979 17 430 85366 81221 4145 43199 43199 -2 26864 3304 10 13023 1106 11917
2007
463185 570 463755 12 422589 41154 6917 34237 6330078 91935 -741 6421272 212 1407730 57 5013273 2664901 7 2348365 311559 311559 104 212670 81 436 98268 93934 4334 45588 45588 -2 29550 3067 8 12965 1175 11790
2008e
481071 266 481337 .. .. .. .. .. 6142169 87062 -845 6228386 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 325685 325685 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 46809 46809 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
5.5 x 5.5 x 4.9 25.1 48.9 23.8 1.1 17.1 x 1.2 x -0.9 14.2 x 1.9 3.8 12.1 0.3 13.5 13.5 x 11.3 x 27.7 28.7 18.1 8.1 8.1 x 10.3 x 4.2 17.2 3.7
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ)
Landfill gas (TJ)

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors
Sludge gas (TJ)

(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 16326 16326 8419 7907 7865 42 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 11 92 92 92
1995
22902 22902 1 15804 24 7073 6904 169 4101000 49000 26000 4176000 -8000 4184000 4184000 200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000 12844 12844 12844 6357 6487 99 13 112 112 112
2000
21780 21780 2 16224 4 5550 4427 1123 4734500 79000 79000 4892500 -363500 5256000 5256000 717748 11522 729270 270 729000 729000 19666 19666 19666 10030 9636 109 52 161 161 28 133
2005
58813 58813 1 52005 57 6750 5649 1101 12764869 510692 56723 13332284 7284 13325000 13325000 3428089 -252882 -7657 3167550 3550 3164000 3164000 1099058 309664 -80 1408642 934862 473780 446362 15318 12100 124 61 185 185 20 165
2006
73893 73893 -2 66561 44 7290 4517 2773 16199575 2283463 -404709 18078329 9329 18069000 18069000 6221050 -200851 -52532 5967667 -51333 6019000 5976000 1136775 361217 -197 1497795 22 1055904 441869 408478 20524 12867 153 78 231 231 21 210
2007
105869 105869 98722 79 7068 3811 3257 22026608 1813474 -256551 23583531 3531 23580000 23580000 8839417 557571 -42577 9354411 74411 9280000 9236000 1807814 39090 -189 1846715 1651891 194824 159564 16564 18696 182 140 322 322 20 302
2008e
114357 114357 .. .. .. .. .. 30803083 2289911 -474137 32618857 .. .. .. 10744992 -235315 -36248 10473429 .. .. .. 1503782 92005 -189 1595598 .. .. .. .. .. 186 146 332 .. .. ..
90-07
11.6 11.6 x 15.6 -0.7 -4.2 29.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.9 16.1 7.6 7.6 7.2
Biogasoline (tonnes)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Transport sector
Biodiesel (tonnes)
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes)

Charcoal (kilotonnes)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Final energy consumption Industry sector Other sectors
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Notes: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD North America
Tables
Graphs
OECD North America Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 23.0% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 8.0% Renewables 6.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 51.4% Coal 21.7% Other(3) 13.1%
Hydro 35.5%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 96.1%
Biogas 1.0%
Oil 40.7%
TPES(1)
2,243 Mtoe

Gas 23.9% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 8.8% Hydro 32.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 74.9%
Renewables 6.1%
Oil 39.7% Coal 21.2%
Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 56.0% Other(3) 11.7%
Biogas 4.8% Liquid Biomass 16.2% Renew. Mun. Waste (2) 4.2%
TPES(1)
2,794 Mtoe

1000 900 800 700 TWh 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
OECD North America 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
2431.17 158.65
2000
2681.88 160.29
2005
2770.24 165.75
2006
2747.10 168.56
2007
2793.57 171.50
2008e
2750.71 178.47
90-07
1.3 1.0

2243.01 143.66
6.4
8051.20 0.28 116 359.13 6.25 3809.0
6.5
9053.08 0.27 111 387.01 6.28 4275.9
6.0
11126.45 0.24 100 411.38 6.52 4834.9
6.0
12455.58 0.22 92 432.52 6.40 5136.4
6.1
12818.62 0.21 89 436.60 6.29 5139.8
6.1
13092.39 0.21 89 440.74 6.34 5220.1
6.5
13234.80 0.21 86 444.91 6.18 5220.3
-0.2
2.9 -1.6 -1.6 1.2 0.1 1.9

698.54 18.3
453.1
759.18 17.8
502.2
736.68 15.2
563.9
778.03 15.1
614.9
800.65 15.6
622.2
778.33 14.9
630.0
814.54 15.6
..
0.6 -1.2
2.0
2.65 0.5
3.32 0.6
8.24 1.3
11.45 1.8
15.45 2.5
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
191334 174139 21564 3721 .. 333 20 1755 .. .. .. .. 21215
2000
194550 175922 19699 3648 160 419 20 2472 638 2631 7648 992 19768
2005
207269 181436 21524 3245 526 388 20 9393 461 2171 8319 1243 67 18079
2006
212660 182854 21638 3234 734 401 20 12875 456 2223 8467 1329 67 18719
2007
222873 186529 22063 3174 1019 465 20 18456 366 2254 8771 1644 75 19691
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
.. 0.9 .. -0.4 .. 1.9 14.3 .. .. .. .. 0.4
.. 159621 .. 3369 .. 339 20 1912 .. .. .. .. 18530
12971
14851
13838
12655
13103
13784
..
0.4
OECD North America 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 662509 609286 15919 21136 4 663 26 3067 749 4846 4847 15368 2517 62004 3961 536 501 57006 -
1995
794738
701418 23851 20610 13 824 33 3262 4268 7485 7441 46052 3332 757541 701418 23851 20610 13 824 33 3262 440 6739 6729 14352 3121 37197 3828 746 712 31700 211 -
2000
779159
671739 26893 20522 26 526 32 5933 7170 8463 8417 50384 5947 737194 671739 26893 20522 26 526 32 5933 923 7286 7275 18310 4622 41965 6247 1177 1142 32074 1325 -
2005
816909
689321 25592 24077 42 596 31 19371 5748 9627 7540 53135 7208 213 777825 689321 25592 24077 42 596 31 19371 1548 8564 6724 21308 6238 5 39084 4200 1063 816 31827 970 208
2006
839849
703538 25931 23266 46 550 31 29235 5605 9792 7668 52144 7810 164 800320 703538 25931 23266 46 550 31 29235 1427 8691 6822 19852 6855 7 39529 4178 1101 846 32292 955 157
2007
816949
671339 26037 24202 51 673 31 37889 5006 9680 7581 52140 8273 84 777571 671339 26037 24202 51 673 31 37889 1116 8536 6701 19785 7234 14 39378 3890 1144 880 32355 1039 70
2008e
848932
688561 25271 23186 56 912 31 55685 1564 9694 7553 53273 8327 90 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.7
0.6 2.9 0.8 16.2 0.1 1.0 15.9 0.4 3.5 2.1 -1.9 7.3 0.9 0.6 2.9 0.8 16.2 0.1 1.0 15.9 2.4 3.4 1.9 1.5 6.4 -2.6 -0.1 4.6 3.4 -3.3 -
724513
609286 15919 21136 4 663 26 3067 4710 5382 5348 72374 2517 -
OECD North America 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
30553
1993 4944 4340 19276 29172 1993 4046 3857 19276 1381 898 483 -
2000
29132
187 8935 8330 9489 2191 27751 187 8037 7847 9489 2191 1381 898 483 -
2005
18722
2061 3009 2040 11487 125 17341 2061 2111 1557 11487 125 1381 898 483 -
2006
44777
3899 6816 5064 27903 1095 43627 3899 6068 4662 27903 1095 1150 748 402 -
2007
49532
3525 7170 5342 32164 1331 48382 3525 6422 4940 32164 1331 1150 748 402 -
2008e
50079
4334 7491 5533 31463 1258 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
OECD North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
55496 55496 -52782 -2714 645302 645302 -
3258 3258 -3257 -1 37889 37889 -
3 3 -3 31 31 -
4 4 -4 -1 51 51 -
15151 15151 -14116 1036 118 118 917 554 363 24202 24202 -
1581 1581 -148 1433 1433 1325 108 673 673 -
3050 3050 -188 -122 -141 -663 1936 1921 873 540 9 489 2 8 15 15 5006 1116 3890 3525 3525 -
4001 4001 -2959 -281 -346 -90 -35 290 90 29 61 200 200 9680 8536 1144 7170 6422 748
OECD North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
3126 3126 -2325 -216 -272 -66 -19 228 71 23 48 157 157 7581 6701 880 5342 4940 402
71897 71897 -3533 -3079 -1353 -4348 59586 39511 38 6 2066 31126 5987 288 20074 18038 1667 369 52140 19785 32355 32164 32164 -
4291 4291 -1719 -171 -141 -20 -1 2238 2220 4 3 1 1 1 2209 18 17 7453 6943 510 288 288 -
32 32 -32 92 92 -
245 245 -53 -1 -34 -97 60 9 5 4 51 51 728 199 529 1043 1043 -
12906 1099 -10 -143 13852 13852 13852 13852 -
1597 1 1597 1597 1597 1597 -
92 92 -1 -1 -11 79 79 1 78 84 14 70 -
176730 1100 -10 -143 177676 -81088 -6619 -2287 -5295 -54 -1 82335 44019 4 915 547 1 2080 31750 5989 2732 15449 15449 22865 19917 2578 369 790912 751534 39378 49532 48382 1150
7.6% 0.1% x 6.4% x x x x x x 4.3% 11.6% 0.0% 1.0% 1.9% 0.0% 6.5% 44.1% 46.0% 7.8% 2.1% 2.5% 3.9% 6.3% 1.1% 1.6% 15.2% 15.4% 11.5% 8.4% 8.3% 100.0%
OECD North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES
1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 774965 774965 760896 14069 14069 2387 2387 2387 82284 82284 80721 1563 1563 89439 89439 89439 -
1995
758960 758960 741960 17000 17000 2967 2967 2967 132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 138350 138350 138350 -
2000
760527 760527 738792 21735 4642 17093 67672 67672 5569 62103 62103 175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655 174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925
2005
624201 624201 588540 35661 4537 31124 60798 60798 5641 55157 55157 107573 107573 44571 63002 62594 408 169580 169580 1 156826 12753 4565 8188
2006
602414 602414 563693 38721 4642 34079 62612 62612 5157 57455 57455 131285 131285 52643 78642 78231 411 172697 172697 155756 16941 4258 12683
2007
634474 634474 591111 43363 4959 38404 66216 66216 6216 60000 60000 127720 127720 46643 81077 80451 626 167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369
2008e
689880 689880 641136 48744 .. .. 72858 72858 9652 63206 .. 100800 100800 .. .. .. .. 171210 171210 .. .. .. ..
90-07
-1.2 -1.2 -1.5 6.8 6.1 21.6 21.6 5.8 2.6 2.6 -3.2 26.1 26.1 3.8 3.8 x 3.3 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



OECD North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 88273 88273 88273 2970010 2970010 1412457 1557553 688697 868856 30674 30674 30674 276 276 276 -
1995
136858 136858 136858 3137287 3137287 1334085 1803202 844125 959077 42788 42788 42788 516 516 516 -
2000
173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925 3104011 3104011 606982 2497029 1662922 834107 124617 124617 65159 59458 57035 2423 953 953 953 -
2005
132441 132441 -1 122423 10019 3586 6433 3100435 3100435 637231 2463204 1561437 901767 155682 155682 1 76118 79563 79451 112 1128 1128 1128 -
2006
134932 134932 121622 13310 3345 9965 3008300 3008300 505983 2502317 1709237 793080 164703 164703 83755 80948 80398 550 1096 1096 1096 -
2007
130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576 3010781 3010781 -1 515573 2495209 1654579 840630 179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739 1349 1349 1349 -
2008e
132927 132927 .. .. .. .. 2897960 2897960 .. .. .. .. .. 193732 193732 .. .. .. .. .. 1353 1353 .. -
90-07
2.3 2.3 x 1.9 0.1 0.1 x -5.8 2.8 5.3 -0.2 11.0 11.0 x 6.2 9.8 9.8 9.8 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

OECD North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1995
4063000 49000 26000 4138000 -8000 4146000 4146000 -
2000
6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822 4642000 79000 79000 4800000 -365000 5165000 5165000 20667 20667 -333 21000 21000 -
2005
11509 11509 9930 1579 917 662 11909198 472155 55290 12436643 -357 12437000 12437000 302622 193 302815 -185 303000 303000 565420 565420 119576 445844 445844 -
2006
11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771 14849854 2204897 -402645 16652106 106 16652000 16652000 834800 269 835069 69 835000 835000 430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -
2007
10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137 20200879 1703657 -223552 21680984 -16 21681000 21681000 1632750 681 1633431 -569 1634000 1634000 177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -
2008e
10194 10194 .. .. .. .. 28387615 1942038 -463980 29865673 .. .. .. 2275140 -1206640 1068500 .. .. .. 186296 186296 .. .. .. -
90-07
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

OECD/IEA Pacific
Tables
Graphs
OECD/IEA Pacific Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 10.4% Non-Renew. Waste 0.1% Hydro 43.9% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 96.9% Biogas 1.0% Renew. Mun. Waste 2.1%
Nuclear 10.5%
Renewables 4.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 36.7% Oil 53.1% Coal 21.7% Other(3) 19.4%
TPES(1) 631 Mtoe

Gas 16.3% Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 12.1% Hydro 33.1%
Biogas 4.9%
Renewables 3.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 45.7%
Liquid Biomass 1.4% Renew. Mun. Waste 7.7%
Other(3) 21.2% Oil 41.9% Coal 25.9%
TPES(1) 877 Mtoe

200 180 160 140 TWh 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
OECD/IEA Pacific 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
747.73 27.01
2000
832.28 28.76
2005
866.45 29.25
2006
871.38 30.16
2007
876.56 30.00
2008e
864.54 29.14
90-07
2.0 0.8

630.71 26.06
4.1
4726.53 0.13 90 186.88 3.37 1127.5
3.6
5234.67 0.14 97 192.43 3.89 1349.7
3.5
5631.40 0.15 100 196.98 4.23 1583.8
3.4
6153.58 0.14 95 200.54 4.32 1764.6
3.5
6321.79 0.14 93 201.01 4.34 1790.1
3.4
6484.79 0.14 91 201.53 4.35 1847.9
3.4
6474.20 0.13 90 201.50 4.29 1827.7
-1.1
1.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.5 2.9

147.74 13.1
95.3
146.05 10.8
118.7
153.50 9.7
126.2
150.09 8.5
130.4
162.85 9.1
129.0
151.15 8.2
128.6
146.88 8.0
..
0.1 -2.7
1.8
0.02 0.0
0.10 0.1
0.18 0.1
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
62366 60372 24825 779 45 3 491 631 45 -
2000
67221 63867 27395 951 335 160 1333 462 113 1257
2005
72933 65805 28949 969 1440 2234 4 1537 627 317 13721
2006
75727 67473 30549 978 1751 2973 4 1540 631 377 14257
2007
76333 67488 30879 982 2007 3294 7 1539 621 395 13854
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
2.0 1.4 2.9 3.7 50.2 2.2 22.8 -
54084 53110 18945 531 2 429 12 -

Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
880
9605
9980
9699
..
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Note: Please refer to notes in Principles and Definitions for data coverage.
OECD/IEA Pacific 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 154975 140416 7262 3957 2 903 904 8713 80 930 930 -
1995
159626
140192 12170 5345 2 9 1401 1402 11041 234 158508 140192 12170 5291 2 9 1401 1402 10035 176 1118 54 1006 58 -
2000
167490
143950 11524 6269 8 304 97 2374 2368 11619 501 166216 143950 11524 6228 8 304 97 2352 2354 10456 467 1274 41 22 14 1163 34 -
2005
165535
130755 11751 6414 23 3384 229 3489 3467 16703 1071 163554 130755 11751 6357 23 3384 229 3418 3419 15254 715 1981 57 71 48 1449 356 -
2006
178683
141942 11895 6473 46 4785 461 3500 3474 16681 1321 176556 141942 11895 6407 46 4785 461 3418 3419 15209 869 2127 66 82 55 1472 452 -
2007
167054
127516 11964 6501 89 6548 436 3531 3501 17447 1485 164803 127516 11964 6434 89 6548 436 3418 3419 15932 1011 2251 67 113 82 1515 474 -
2008e
159660
121652 9949 6962 286 7642 465 2443 2368 16036 1806 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
0.4
-0.6 3.0 3.0 25.0 8.4 8.3 3.5 18.7 0.4 -0.6 3.0 2.9 25.0 8.1 8.1 3.6 16.1 5.3 2.9 -
155905
140416 7262 3957 2 903 904 9643 80 -
OECD/IEA Pacific 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
4185
101 311 208 3565 4185 101 311 208 3565 -
2000
8765
153 2012 1341 5259 8765 153 2012 1341 5259 -
2005
13706
108 4622 3082 5894 1529 917 612 12177 108 3705 2470 5894 -
2006
14573
93 5048 3365 6067 1595 957 638 12978 93 4091 2727 6067 -
2007
16572
93 5797 4179 6503 3362 1589 1146 627 13210 93 4208 3033 5876 -
2008e
18708
72 8033 5791 4812 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
OECD/IEA Pacific 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
9937 9937 -9279 -659 115552 115552 -
563 563 -337 -226 6548 6548 -
8 8 -3 -5 89 89 -
5073 5073 -4276 -169 -36 -143 449 139 139 309 2 220 87 6501 6434 67 -
718 718 718 717 606 111 -
1826 1826 -6 -83 -3 1735 1725 2 233 22 531 14 11 256 10 645 10 10 436 436 93 93
1052 1052 -269 -430 -121 -100 132 132 132 3531 3418 113 5797 1589 4208
OECD/IEA Pacific 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
954 954 -269 -430 -87 -72 95 95 95 3501 3419 82 4179 1146 3033
11757 29 11785 -719 -2369 -946 -31 7720 5946 21 56 2007 2867 961 6 30 1773 1730 44 17447 15932 1515 -
13 13 13 13 -
425 425 -290 -5 -20 -100 -7 3 3 3 1408 1007 401 896 627 269
99 99 -1 -21 77 77 77 75 2 73 -
151 151 -141 10 7 7 3 3 2 2 5607 5607
42 42 42 42 42 -
144 2 145 -5 141 141 141 -
32749 29 2 32778 -11 -15442 -4377 -20 -1311 -151 -172 -18 -143 11135 7820 2 257 78 531 14 2025 3262 961 16 675 183 183 3129 2351 692 87 155090 152839 2251 16572 3362 13210
7.5% x 3.7% x x x x x x x x x 1.9% 4.6% 0.0% 0.9% 0.6% 3.1% 0.1% 21.3% 25.9% 65.5% 0.5% 2.8% 0.1% 0.1% 1.7% 3.0% 0.8% 1.2% 8.4% 8.5% 4.3% 7.4% 1.8% 32.9%
OECD/IEA Pacific 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 158634 158634 137947 6000 14687 9180 5507 52714 52714 -1 52715 52715 19510 19510 72 80 19358 19193 165 8379 8379 8219 160 160
1995
216231 216231 187994 6000 22237 10930 11307 46368 46368 46368 46368 40872 40872 502 123 40247 39867 380 13435 13435 1 12980 454 454
2000
215348 215348 190646 6000 18702 5492 13210 38986 38986 38986 38986 54098 54098 172 987 52939 52718 221 25047 25047 -1 22686 2362 2362
2005
214475 214475 189612 6000 18863 5723 13140 28092 28092 28092 9 28083 65572 65572 65 1959 63548 63198 350 41969 41969 1 36710 5258 5258
2006
208823 208823 184214 6000 18609 5782 12827 26659 26659 26659 11 26648 75664 75664 24 3783 71857 71455 402 42759 42759 37433 5326 5326
2007
212439 212439 187655 6000 18784 5839 12945 30052 30052 30052 16 30036 76461 76461 235 3571 72655 72247 408 44062 44062 38549 5513 5513
2008e
224255 224255 200232 6000 18023 .. .. 29457 29457 29457 .. .. 80867 80867 .. .. .. .. .. 45977 45977 .. .. ..
90-07
1.7 1.7 1.8 x 1.5 -2.6 5.2 -3.3 -3.3 x -3.3 -3.3 8.4 8.4 x 25.0 8.1 8.1 5.5 10.3 10.3 x 9.5 23.1 23.1
Solar thermal (TJ)



OECD/IEA Pacific 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 8327 8327 8220 107 107 387022 972 387994 114019 273975 176074 97901 1306 1306 1306 280 280 280 280
1995
13180 13180 -1 12878 303 303 384564 553 385117 118216 266901 176964 89937 2525 2525 2525 1311 1311 720 591 591
2000
23519 23519 21945 1574 1574 431694 1153 432847 116256 316591 224128 92463 6547 6547 6547 1161 1161 452 709 709
2005
37739 37739 -1 34234 3506 3506 475885 1101 476986 164621 312365 239919 72446 13229 13229 13109 120 120 1818 1818 700 1118 1118
2006
38248 38248 34697 3551 3551 468245 1163 469408 164508 304900 241055 63845 15356 15356 15013 343 108 235 3871 3871 805 3066 3066
2007
39934 39934 -1 35960 3975 3975 492324 1205 493529 170257 323272 249013 74259 17814 17814 17703 111 111 4132 4132 -1 894 3239 3239
2008e
40409 40409 .. .. .. .. 450281 1205 451486 .. .. .. .. 18769 18769 .. .. .. 4284 4284 .. .. .. ..
90-07
9.7 9.7 x 9.1 23.7 23.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.0 2.1 -1.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 17.2 17.2 x 15.5 15.5
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

OECD/IEA Pacific 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 2252 2252 1751 501 501 35 35 35 35
1995
4819 4819 4006 813 813 31 31 31 31
2000
6309 6309 5488 821 821 25 25 25 25
2005
6622 6622 5950 672 672 16892 16892 -108 17000 17000 12157 12157 157 12000 12000 18 18 18 18
2006
6341 6341 5915 426 294 132 59242 59242 242 59000 59000 67504 3000 -4000 66504 504 66000 66000 18 18 18 18
2007
6341 6341 5925 416 294 122 65561 65561 -439 66000 66000 160070 2000 162070 5070 157000 157000 18 18 18 18
2008e
4219 4219 .. .. .. .. 117420 117420 .. .. .. 210802 210802 .. .. .. 18 18 .. ..
90-07
6.3 6.3 7.4 -1.1 -3.1 x x x -3.8 -3.8 -3.8 -3.8
Biodiesel (tonnes)

OECD Europe
Tables
Graphs
OECD Europe Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 16.1% Oil 37.6% Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 12.7% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 93.8% Biogas 1.4% Hydro 41.4%
Renewables 5.7%
Other(3) 5.4% Coal 27.3%
TPES(1)
1,604 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Nuclear 13.2% Gas 24.5% Renewables 8.6% Biogas 6.3% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 59.3% Liquid Biomass 10.2% Renew. Mun. Waste 8.3% (2) Hydro 27.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.3%
Oil 34.7%
Coal 18.3%
Other(3) 13.4%
TPES(1)
1,827 Mtoe

800 700 600 500 TWh 400 300 200 100 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
OECD Europe 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
1652.46 104.90
2000
1735.58 119.41
2005
1834.05 136.55
2006
1843.30 144.36
2007
1827.00 156.38
2008e
1818.46 160.68
90-07
0.8 3.2

1604.50 92.17
5.7
7225.88 0.22 116 497.56 3.22 2632.0
6.3
7833.57 0.21 110 510.31 3.24 2844.2
6.9
9065.84 0.19 100 521.52 3.33 3199.8
7.4
9926.40 0.18 97 536.76 3.42 3484.7
7.8
10239.01 0.18 94 539.83 3.41 3531.0
8.6
10532.43 0.17 91 542.98 3.36 3577.0
8.8
10642.90 0.17 89 545.17 3.34 3585.3
2.4
2.2 -1.4 -1.4 0.5 0.3 1.8

463.29 17.6
241.5
528.50 18.6
263.2
605.79 18.9
290.4
636.63 18.3
307.0
654.37 18.5
313.5
706.93 19.8
319.7
749.96 20.9
..
2.5 0.7
1.7
0.00 0.0
0.21 0.1
0.70 0.2
3.12 1.0
5.43 1.7
7.85 2.5
.. ..
64.0 61.3

1990
Total capacity
1995
182656 172875 35874 549 62 240 2449 682 1662 3669 468 7818
2000
204013 180488 37839 794 201 1 241 12766 1082 2342 4936 1162 19661
2005
247179 183387 37861 933 1773 1 241 40750 240 5485 10820 2793 756 30616
2006
261656 185505 39356 1142 3247 13 241 47907 196 6020 13357 3198 830 34040
2007
274594 187175 39783 1208 4796 13 241 56591 464 5814 14185 3703 541 37430
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
3.0 0.9 1.8 4.6 42.2 0.0 32.5 0.6 10.0 9.5 17.3 13.4
166327 160206 29462 563 12 240 471 420 1142 3029 244 4442
3110
5473
13763
21433
23829
26200
..
13.4
OECD Europe 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
560321
519973 22646 3854 45 568 4078 5131 4381 4041 15663 2587 541896 519973 22646 3747 45 568 4078 4474 2689 2675 2071 1576 18425 107 657 1692 1366 13592 1011 -
2000
649464
571185 30116 6184 128 573 22316 6265 8210 7291 20722 6590 623091 571185 30116 5335 128 573 22316 4541 5183 4932 3463 5435 26373 849 1724 3027 2359 17259 1155 -
2005
689955
524404 37980 7149 1467 534 70905 3546 12539 11795 41316 13526 2774 632820 524404 37980 6000 1467 534 70905 1180 4461 4476 10921 6919 1553 57135 1149 2366 8078 7319 30395 6607 1221
2006
708280
518202 37346 8340 2505 519 82931 3346 13879 13216 46393 15447 3502 641543 518202 37346 6908 2505 519 82931 1156 4412 4452 11489 7052 1917 66737 1432 2190 9467 8764 34904 8395 1585
2007
760243
533106 35504 9508 3779 8 519 105230 3963 15407 13845 52633 18767 3478 706048 533106 35504 8085 3779 8 519 105230 1203 7979 7795 21067 15120 2157 54195 1423 2760 7428 6050 31566 3647 1321
2008e
802565
551544 34006 9866 6909 37 513 120083 4132 15932 14468 55409 20053 3619 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
2.6
0.8 3.5 5.9 39.6 -0.6 33.5 1.7 10.4 10.0 9.6 18.9 2.3 0.8 3.5 4.9 39.6 -0.6 33.5 -4.5 8.9 8.7 16.9 23.0 9.1 13.9 12.7 12.4 7.2 11.8 -
488884
463260 19912 3606 13 571 778 2955 2849 2723 11138 991 -
OECD Europe 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
182688
7817 6 6501 48773 41979 75565 2047 115719 7103 2618 35168 31778 37588 1464 66969 714 6 3883 13605 10201 37977 583 -
2000
239681
8076 24 13949 56365 47374 111209 2684 157305 6967 6004 41561 34765 66307 1701 82376 1109 24 7945 14804 12609 44902 983 -
2005
349494
10173 55 6050 74992 66322 182127 6727 3048 243065 8071 4675 59751 51339 113204 5022 1003 106429 2102 55 1375 15241 14983 68923 1705 2045
2006
378359
11432 49 5936 76081 67871 206295 6420 4275 269620 8709 5252 62437 53417 132087 4662 3056 108739 2723 49 684 13644 14454 74208 1758 1219
2007
405410
10337 52 11288 81498 62768 210338 7385 21744 298353 7800 10026 65482 49322 143637 4983 17103 107057 2537 52 1262 16016 13446 66701 2402 4641
2008e
430996
10524 52 11233 85769 65877 229225 6966 21350 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1990
Total heat
1995
16550
20133 6697 3114
2000
18990
21675 6525 3840
2005
20033
18232 5624 7425
2006
25353
17595 5148 12906
2007
26351
17787 5249 13813
2008e
24241
17022 5146 12365
90-07
-
OECD Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
42794 42794 -41569 -1225 497602 497602 -
9050 9050 -8517 -533 105230 105230 -
45 45 -45 519 519 -
325 325 -315 -10 3780 3780 -
10151 10151 -6728 -972 -122 -5 -129 2194 31 1 30 2163 1695 161 55 38 214 9508 8085 1423 10337 7800 2537
1334 1334 -2 -1 1331 128 1 126 1203 1044 100 13 46 8 8 52 52
2734 4 2738 -1 -244 -227 -162 -702 -18 -22 -3 -8 1352 1318 31 366 25 641 1 97 80 8 70 34 33 3963 1203 2760 11288 10026 1262
7648 14 7662 -1 -1913 -1166 -1911 -1462 -265 -243 700 100 34 1 17 3 45 601 10 587 4 15408 7979 7429 81498 65482 16016
OECD Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
6982 14 6995 -2010 -1077 -1618 -1197 -230 -202 660 94 63 6 24 566 6 557 2 13845 7795 6050 62768 49322 13446
67508 2824 -657 -18 69657 -5 -5317 -1039 -4843 -3917 -1828 -69 -226 -1 52412 18180 5 115 6 769 1 31 1 809 11173 3069 114 65 2024 34231 32028 672 1525 7 52633 21067 31566 210338 143637 66701
144 -41 103 121 224 15 15 209 206 3 -
2724 2724 -2 -651 -1785 -72 -60 -36 -1 -10 106 20 20 86 86 8800 8173 627 2176 902 1274
958 958 -91 -338 -205 -14 -4 -73 232 28 4 14 9 204 202 2 2274 135 2139 2021 1407 614
2131 2131 -1686 -80 -110 -139 -13 -4 -2 99 75 1 60 10 4 24 6 16 2 7693 6812 881 3188 2674 514
1140 211 -139 -21 1191 -3 1188 1188 1188 -
6283 970 -468 -39 6745 -63 6683 6643 6643 39 39 -
1476 34 1511 -446 -118 -116 -641 -79 -73 38 6 6 15 15 17 1 13 3 3478 2157 1321 21744 17103 4641
163283 4215 -1305 -78 166114 -75 -69441 -7353 -10142 -8323 -2606 -622 -105 -80 -147 67219 19995 36 492 31 1507 1 33 1 899 11303 3152 123 65 2352 7846 7846 39377 35028 2408 1622 38 280 724741 670545 54196 405410 298353 107057
15.3% 0.3% 0.2% x 9.1% x x x x x x x x x x 5.2% 6.2% 0.1% 0.9% 0.2% 3.5% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 3.0% 29.6% 47.0% 1.5% 0.8% 5.1% 2.3% 2.5% 7.9% 11.8% 1.8% 5.3% 2.2% 0.9% 20.3% 22.9% 8.3% 15.8% 14.9% 18.7%
OECD Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
222423 222423 154534 2872 65017 1828 63189 17013 17013 2 6 17005 1622 15383 120182 120182 58837 6774 54571 52540 2031 124938 124938 1420 118490 49 4979 21 4958
2000
303040 303040 223487 3414 76139 2688 73451 28117 28117 24 28093 4079 24014 132682 -29 132653 81160 8857 42636 40509 2127 176609 3 176612 -1 163775 4 12834 748 12086
2005
354861 354861 261137 2958 90766 1984 88782 43928 43928 57 1 43870 5152 38718 87276 7 -12 87271 36897 584 49790 48574 1216 243392 243392 58 218599 24735 3876 20859
2006
389495 389495 295498 2851 91146 2013 89133 48515 48515 51 48464 5181 43283 94720 15 -30 94705 35011 338 99 59257 58061 1196 256959 3 256962 56 231590 25316 3406 21910
2007
425083 425083 327795 5403 91885 1301 90584 55854 55854 124 1 55729 5364 50365 114493 157 1 114651 25 57567 116 340 56603 55200 1403 320270 570 320840 55 291458 29327 4171 25156
2008e
402314 402314 305036 5403 91875 .. .. 60986 60986 398 .. 60588 .. .. 118542 -95 118447 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 335484 266 335750 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
4.6 4.6 5.2 x 2.7 -2.2 2.9 12.8 12.8 x 19.5 12.8 17.7 12.4 2.1 x 2.1 x 3.4 -20.1 x 1.8 1.9 -1.7 7.2 x 7.2 x 6.7 18.8 37.3 17.8
Solar thermal (TJ)



OECD Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
1995
114733 114733 1422 109071 49 4191 5 4186 2145123 14809 762 2160694 47 211015 3 1949629 608243 1 1341385 15514 15514 1 13392 1 2120 597 1523 16716 16716 -1 9543 7174 95 7079
2000
158517 3 158520 147037 4 11479 513 10966 2307130 25577 -638 2332069 -2 277778 132 2054161 676167 1377994 59187 59187 54017 64 5106 2734 2372 29623 29623 18510 11113 3214 7899
2005
230783 230783 15 208854 21914 2713 19201 2639130 71042 -382 2709790 48 581662 162 2127918 697285 30 1430603 108429 108429 1 104891 410 3127 754 2373 38429 38429 25362 3594 9473 816 8657
2006
248426 248426 15 224597 23814 3610 20204 2742002 96698 -200 2838500 -1 648770 13 6 2189712 737559 15 1452138 107734 107734 1 103211 17 430 4075 715 3360 38232 38232 -2 24963 3304 10 9957 1106 8851
2007
292359 570 292929 13 265279 27637 3951 23686 2826973 90730 -741 2916962 213 721900 57 2194792 761309 7 1433476 114061 114061 104 109038 31 436 4452 857 3595 40107 40107 -1 27307 3067 8 9726 1175 8551
2008e
307735 266 308001 .. .. .. .. .. 2793928 85857 -845 2878940 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 113184 113184 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41172 41172 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
7.2 x 7.2 x 6.6 23.1 44.0 22.1 2.3 18.2 x 2.5 x 11.0 14.2 x 1.2 1.9 12.1 0.8 21.7 21.7 x 24.8 x 6.4 -2.3 16.8 7.6 7.6 x 10.1 x 2.7 17.2 2.0
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

OECD Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 14074 14074 6668 7406 7364 42 7153 7153 7153 2146 5007 46 11 57 57 57
1995
18083 18083 1 11798 24 6260 6091 169 38000 38000 38000 38000 200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000 12844 12844 12844 6357 6487 68 13 81 81 81
2000
9031 9031 2 5482 4 3543 3242 301 92500 92500 1500 91000 91000 697081 11522 708603 603 708000 708000 19666 19666 19666 10030 9636 84 52 136 136 28 108
2005
40682 40682 1 36125 57 4499 4060 439 838779 38537 1433 878749 7749 871000 871000 3113310 -253075 -7657 2852578 3578 2849000 2849000 533638 309664 -80 843222 815286 27936 518 15318 12100 106 61 167 167 20 147
2006
55714 55714 -2 51332 44 4340 3470 870 1290479 78566 -2064 1366981 8981 1358000 1358000 5318746 -204120 -48532 5066094 -51906 5118000 5075000 706256 361217 -197 1067276 22 1022040 45214 11823 20524 12867 135 78 213 213 21 192
2007
89252 89252 85028 79 4145 3147 998 1760168 109817 -32999 1836986 3986 1833000 1833000 7046597 556890 -44577 7558910 69910 7489000 7445000 1629999 39090 -189 1668900 1626891 42009 6749 16564 18696 164 140 304 304 20 284
2008e
99944 99944 .. .. .. .. .. 2298048 347873 -10157 2635764 .. .. .. 8259050 971325 -36248 9194127 .. .. .. 1317486 92005 -189 1409302 .. .. .. .. .. 168 146 314 .. .. ..
90-07
11.5 11.5 x 16.2 -3.4 -4.9 20.5 x x x x 37.6 x 37.8 x 11.0 12.8 8.1 7.8 16.1 10.3 10.3 9.9
Biodiesel (tonnes)

IEA Total
Tables
Graphs
IEA Total Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 18.7% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 10.3% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.0% Biogas 1.2% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.7% Renew. Mun. Waste 3.7% Hydro 39.8%
Renewables 5.7%
Other(3) 9.5% Oil 40.7% Coal 24.3%
TPES(1)
4,355 Mtoe

Gas 22.8% Non-Renew. Waste 0.4% Nuclear 11.1% Hydro 31.2% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 74.8% Biogas 5.7% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 57.6% Liquid Biomass 13.0% Renew. Mun. Waste 6.5%
Renewables 6.3%
Oil 37.8%
Coal 21.6%
Other(3) 11.1%
TPES(1)
5,308 Mtoe

1800 1600 1400 1200 TWh 1000 800 600 400 200 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
IEA Total 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
4700.17 273.92
2000
5099.21 290.24
2005
5292.09 311.85
2006
5282.53 323.20
2007
5307.97 336.85
2008e
5242.79 346.60
90-07
1.2 1.8

4354.97 246.71
5.7
19544.28 0.22 110 962.06 4.53 7439.9
5.8
21626.23 0.22 107 998.37 4.71 8307.3
5.7
25178.26 0.20 100 1031.34 4.94 9407.2
5.9
27826.74 0.19 94 1065.68 4.97 10135.0
6.1
28636.52 0.18 91 1072.38 4.93 10201.3
6.3
29342.87 0.18 89 1079.27 4.92 10375.6
6.6
29574.80 0.18 88 1084.65 4.83 10358.5
0.7
2.4 -1.2 -1.2 0.7 0.5 2.0

1276.46 17.2
761.0
1395.55 16.8
852.4
1448.79 15.4
946.4
1518.01 15.0
1009.6
1568.35 15.4
1018.9
1586.83 15.3
1030.1
1645.67 15.9
..
1.3 -0.7
1.8
0.00 0.0
2.86 0.3
4.02 0.4
11.39 1.1
16.98 1.7
23.48 2.3
.. ..
74.9 71.8

1990
Total capacity
1995
425328 397173 82263 4245 .. 333 260 4205 .. .. .. .. 29033
2000
453742 409579 84933 4366 682 420 261 15395 1720 6306 12754 2259 40313
2005
514126 418894 88334 3955 3723 389 261 52374 705 9193 19474 4335 823 61773
2006
536352 423935 91543 3972 5716 414 261 63669 656 9783 22163 4886 897 66373
2007
557039 426291 92725 3919 7803 478 261 78255 837 9607 23285 5724 616 69981
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
2.1 0.9 3.9 0.3 .. 2.0 0.0 22.8 .. .. .. .. 6.8
388039 364301 48593 3717 .. 339 260 2383 .. .. .. .. 22972
16081
20324
28220
43243
46462
48987
..
6.8
IEA Total 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1260952 1185280 43093 23275 18 663 597 3844 3403 7621 7641 25568 3042 75242 4262 1513 1334 67587 546 -
1995
1476504
1329373 58667 23850 55 824 601 7342 9399 13267 12884 72756 6153 1419871 1329373 58667 23796 55 824 601 7342 4914 10829 10806 26458 4873 56633 54 4485 2438 2078 46298 1280 -
2000
1548932
1347385 68533 25751 155 526 605 28534 13532 19047 18076 82292 13029 1480169 1347385 68533 25710 155 526 605 28534 5561 14821 14561 31796 10515 68763 41 7971 4226 3515 50496 2514 -
2005
1625658
1309802 75323 28683 1523 596 565 93641 9523 25655 22802 108108 21773 2987 1528607 1309802 75323 28626 1523 596 565 93641 2957 16443 14619 44437 13840 1558 97051 57 6566 9212 8183 63671 7933 1429
2006
1677287
1325995 75172 28763 2587 550 550 116892 9412 27170 24358 112788 24556 3666 1570326 1325995 75172 28697 2587 550 550 116892 3044 16520 14693 44120 14754 1924 106961 66 6368 10650 9665 68668 9802 1742
2007
1694664
1296291 73505 29228 3910 681 550 149405 9405 28617 24926 119598 28491 3562 1600263 1296291 73505 29161 3910 681 550 149405 2755 19932 17914 54162 23331 2171 94401 67 6650 8685 7012 65436 5160 1391
2008e
1745442
1310438 69226 28920 7242 949 544 183155 6161 28068 24388 121718 30150 3709 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.4
0.5 3.2 1.3 37.2 0.2 -0.5 24.0 1.2 6.9 6.2 1.5 13.0 1.4 0.5 3.2 1.3 37.2 0.2 -0.5 24.0 -1.2 5.8 5.1 4.5 12.7 1.3 2.7 10.8 10.3 -0.2 14.1 -
1336194
1185280 43093 23275 18 663 597 3844 7665 9134 8975 93155 3588 -
IEA Total 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
209969
396 6 8595 54010 46509 94841 5612 137788 4611 39214 35635 56864 1464 72181 396 6 3984 14796 10874 37977 4148 -
2000
270164
707 24 14289 67289 57023 120698 10134 178089 6191 49598 42612 75796 3892 92075 707 24 8098 17691 14411 44902 6242 -
2005
373196
1503 55 8219 82595 71416 193614 12746 3048 253864 6736 62779 53508 124691 5147 1003 119332 1503 55 1483 19816 17908 68923 7599 2045
2006
428034
1813 49 9928 87917 76272 234198 13582 4275 306133 9151 69462 58717 159990 5757 3056 121901 1813 49 777 18455 17555 74208 7825 1219
2007
462959
1822 52 14906 94445 72269 242502 15219 21744 342297 13551 73493 55408 175801 6941 17103 120662 1822 52 1355 20952 16861 66701 8278 4641
2008e
491145
1924 52 15639 101274 77182 260688 13036 21350 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1990
Total heat
1995
16550
20133 6697 3114
2000
18990
21675 6525 3840
2005
20033
18232 5624 7425
2006
25353
17595 5148 12906
2007
26351
17787 5249 13813
2008e
24241
17022 5146 12365
90-07
-
IEA Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
105160 105160 -100582 -4577 1222786 1222786 -
12849 12849 -12090 -758 149405 149405 -
47 47 -47 550 550 -
336 336 -321 -16 3911 3911 -
20786 20786 -17134 -169 -36 -78 -5 -143 3222 271 1 139 131 2951 1891 720 123 2 214 29228 29161 67 1822 1822
3525 3525 -148 -2 -1 3373 128 1 127 3245 2974 211 13 46 681 681 52 52
7610 4 7614 -6 -432 -432 -303 -1365 -20 -22 -3 -8 5023 4965 33 1472 47 1712 15 20 842 83 8 10 723 58 58 9405 2755 6650 14906 13551 1355
12698 14 12712 -1 -5139 -1877 -2257 -1673 -264 -379 1122 190 34 1 45 3 106 932 10 918 4 28618 19932 8686 94445 73493 20952
IEA Total 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
11058 14 11071 -4602 -1723 -1890 -1351 -230 -293 983 165 63 29 73 818 6 809 2 24926 17914 7012 72269 55408 16861
142938 2853 -657 -18 145115 -5 -9568 -5331 -6196 -9211 -1828 -69 -258 -1 112648 62462 5 174 62 775 1 31 1 3705 45166 10016 114 71 2342 50186 45902 2383 1895 7 119598 54162 65436 242502 175801 66701
144 -41 103 133 236 15 15 222 219 3 -
7440 7440 -2 -2661 -1961 -233 -180 -43 -2 -10 2346 2243 4 5 1 1 1 2230 103 103 17661 16123 1538 3360 1817 1543
1073 1073 -109 -338 -226 -14 -4 -73 310 28 4 14 9 282 279 2 2407 195 2212 2021 1407 614
2528 2528 -1740 -81 -144 -235 -154 -4 -2 169 91 1 72 14 4 78 60 16 2 8423 7013 1410 9838 3717 6121
14088 1310 -149 -164 15085 -3 15082 15082 15082 -
8023 971 -468 -38 8488 -68 8421 8382 8382 39 39 -
1568 34 1602 -446 -120 -116 -652 -79 -73 117 85 7 78 15 15 17 1 13 3 3562 2171 1391 21744 17103 4641
351727 5344 -1315 -220 355534 -85 -154910 -17156 -11477 -14929 -2711 -849 -125 -81 -161 153052 70643 42 1663 109 2585 2 47 1 3827 46314 10102 123 81 5745 23479 23479 58931 51041 5545 2060 2 280 1621161 1526759 94402 462959 342297 120662
9.8% 0.2% 0.1% x 6.7% x x x x x x x x x x 4.2% 8.4% 0.0% 1.0% 0.2% 3.0% 0.0% 0.1% 5.5% 38.0% 47.7% 0.8% 0.5% 6.1% 2.0% 2.3% 4.7% 7.6% 1.2% 3.6% 0.1% 0.6% 15.6% 16.4% 9.0% 13.7% 12.4% 19.7%
IEA Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
944890 944890 854755 6009 84126 10930 73196 66348 66348 2 2973 63373 1622 61751 293108 293108 502 184150 6774 101682 99271 2411 276700 276700 1421 269797 49 5433 21 5412
2000
992879 992879 893217 6027 93635 10407 83228 132974 132974 5593 127381 4079 123302 362134 -29 362105 172 151553 8857 201523 198520 3003 376349 3 376352 -2 318379 4 57971 24598 33373
2005
845773 845773 716055 6028 123690 10744 112946 129311 129311 5698 1 123612 5161 118451 260421 7 -12 260416 65 83427 584 176340 174366 1974 454906 454906 60 412100 42746 8441 34305
2006
849972 849972 716420 6004 127548 10937 116611 133873 133873 5208 128665 5192 123473 301669 15 -30 301654 24 91437 338 99 209756 207747 2009 472366 3 472369 56 424730 47583 7664 39919
2007
870452 870452 729543 6003 134906 11341 123565 147597 147597 6340 1 141256 5380 135876 318674 157 1 318832 260 107781 116 340 210335 207898 2437 531762 570 532332 55 485293 46984 7946 39038
2008e
946453 946453 801008 6003 139442 .. .. 157234 157234 10050 .. 147184 .. .. 300209 -95 300114 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 552545 266 552811 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
-0.2 -0.2 -0.8 x 4.5 1.3 4.9 5.2 5.2 x 5.9 5.2 17.7 5.0 3.4 x 3.4 x -0.3 -20.1 x 7.4 7.5 1.0 6.1 x 6.1 x 5.5 21.4 42.6 20.2
Solar thermal (TJ)


Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors
IEA Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
1995
264749 264749 1421 258785 49 4494 5 4489 5339093 15362 762 5355217 47 1663316 3 3691851 1545300 1 2146550 60827 60827 1 58705 1 2120 597 1523 18543 18543 -1 10779 7765 95 7670
2000
355237 3 355240 299408 4 55828 24363 31465 5510273 26730 -638 5536365 -2 967119 132 4569116 2514524 2054592 190351 190351 125723 64 64564 59769 4795 31480 31480 19658 11822 3214 8608
2005
400928 400928 13 365476 35439 6299 29140 5867448 72143 -382 5939209 48 1336686 162 4602313 2445118 30 2157165 277298 277298 2 194076 410 82810 80325 2485 40943 40943 26758 3594 10591 816 9775
2006
421571 421571 15 380881 40675 6955 33720 5877108 97861 -200 5974769 -1 1272547 13 6 4702204 2640328 15 2061861 287781 287781 1 201967 17 430 85366 81221 4145 42799 42799 -2 26464 3304 10 13023 1106 11917
2007
463059 570 463629 12 422463 41154 6917 34237 5985664 91935 -741 6076858 212 1359319 57 4717270 2615652 7 2101611 311548 311548 104 212668 81 436 98259 93934 4325 44935 44935 -2 28897 3067 8 12965 1175 11790
2008e
480945 266 481211 .. .. .. .. .. 5796728 87062 -845 5882945 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 325670 325670 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 46156 46156 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
5.5 x 5.5 x 4.9 25.1 48.9 23.8 1.1 17.1 x 1.2 x -1.1 14.2 x 2.1 4.0 12.1 0.3 13.5 13.5 x 11.3 x 27.7 28.7 18.0 8.0 8.0 x 10.1 x 4.2 17.2 3.7
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

IEA Total 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 16326 16326 8419 7907 7865 42 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 11 92 92 92
1995
22902 22902 1 15804 24 7073 6904 169 4101000 49000 26000 4176000 -8000 4184000 4184000 200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000 12844 12844 12844 6357 6487 99 13 112 112 112
2000
21780 21780 2 16224 4 5550 4427 1123 4734500 79000 79000 4892500 -363500 5256000 5256000 717748 11522 729270 270 729000 729000 19666 19666 19666 10030 9636 109 52 161 161 28 133
2005
58813 58813 1 52005 57 6750 5649 1101 12764869 510692 56723 13332284 7284 13325000 13325000 3428089 -252882 -7657 3167550 3550 3164000 3164000 1099058 309664 -80 1408642 934862 473780 446362 15318 12100 124 61 185 185 20 165
2006
73893 73893 -2 66561 44 7290 4517 2773 16199575 2283463 -404709 18078329 9329 18069000 18069000 6221050 -200851 -52532 5967667 -51333 6019000 5976000 1136775 361217 -197 1497795 22 1055904 441869 408478 20524 12867 153 78 231 231 21 210
2007
105869 105869 98722 79 7068 3811 3257 22026608 1813474 -256551 23583531 3531 23580000 23580000 8839417 557571 -42577 9354411 74411 9280000 9236000 1807814 39090 -189 1846715 1651891 194824 159564 16564 18696 182 140 322 322 20 302
2008e
114357 114357 .. .. .. .. .. 30803083 2289911 -474137 32618857 .. .. .. 10744992 -235315 -36248 10473429 .. .. .. 1503782 92005 -189 1595598 .. .. .. .. .. 186 146 332 .. .. ..
90-07
11.6 11.6 x 15.6 -0.7 -4.2 29.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.9 16.1 7.6 7.6 7.2
Biodiesel (tonnes)

IEA North America
Tables
Graphs
IEA North America Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 23.2% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 8.4% Renewables 6.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 51.2% Biogas 1.1% Renew. Mun. Waste 3.2% Hydro 37.7%
Oil 39.3%
Other(3) 11.1% Coal 22.7%
TPES(1)
2,122 Mtoe

Biogas 5.2%
Renewables 5.9% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 56.8%
Liquid Biomass 17.7%
Oil 38.5% Coal 22.4%
Other(3) 8.7%
TPES(1)
2,609 Mtoe

900 800 700 600 TWh 500 400 300 200 100 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
IEA North America 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
2302.23 143.58
2000
2534.45 144.37
2005
2595.08 148.69
2006
2572.00 151.93
2007
2609.31 154.42
2008e
2564.46 160.63
90-07
1.2 1.0

2121.85 129.89
6.1
7598.64 0.28 116 277.88 7.64 3684.9
6.2
8564.85 0.27 111 295.89 7.78 4118.4
5.7
10489.71 0.24 100 313.12 8.09 4631.3
5.7
11757.49 0.22 91 328.69 7.90 4894.4
5.9
12086.92 0.21 88 331.85 7.75 4890.1
5.9
12337.28 0.21 88 335.06 7.79 4962.7
6.3
12469.50 0.21 85 338.29 7.58 4962.0
-0.2
2.9 -1.6 -1.6 1.1 0.1 1.8

669.93 18.2
424.4
725.97 17.6
470.7
697.18 15.1
530.0
739.97 15.1
572.4
761.05 15.6
576.7
740.72 14.9
582.1
765.30 15.4
..
0.6 -1.2
1.9
2.65 0.6
3.32 0.6
8.24 1.4
11.45 2.0
15.45 2.7
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
181241 164810 21564 2968 .. 333 20 1753 .. .. .. .. 21215
2000
183744 166288 19699 2793 146 419 20 2469 638 2631 7356 984 19395
2005
195410 170865 21524 2285 510 388 20 9390 461 2171 8027 1226 67 17436
2006
200555 172120 21638 2274 718 401 20 12789 456 2223 8175 1312 67 18076
2007
208356 173386 22063 2214 1000 465 20 18370 366 2254 8479 1627 75 18697
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.3 0.8 32.4 -1.1 .. 1.9 14.2 .. .. .. .. 0.1
168430 151741 186 2669 .. 339 20 1912 .. .. .. .. 18530
12971
14851
13577
12205
12653
13088
..
0.1
IEA North America 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
761529
673890 23851 14941 8 824 33 3255 4268 7485 7441 46052 3332 724332 673890 23851 14941 8 824 33 3255 440 6739 6729 14352 3121 37197 3828 746 712 31700 211 -
2000
739657
638606 26893 14621 19 526 32 5914 7170 8463 8417 49951 5938 697692 638606 26893 14621 19 526 32 5914 923 7286 7275 17877 4613 41965 6247 1177 1142 32074 1325 -
2005
778849
661662 25592 16778 33 596 31 19352 5748 9627 7540 50089 7180 213 739765 661662 25592 16778 33 596 31 19352 1548 8564 6724 18262 6210 5 39084 4200 1063 816 31827 970 208
2006
800250
673144 25931 16581 36 550 31 29176 5605 9792 7668 49714 7789 164 760721 673144 25931 16581 36 550 31 29176 1427 8691 6822 17422 6834 7 39529 4178 1101 846 32292 955 157
2007
779342
644063 26037 16798 42 673 31 37627 5006 9680 7581 49518 8239 84 739964 644063 26037 16798 42 673 31 37627 1116 8536 6701 17163 7200 14 39378 3890 1144 880 32355 1039 70
2008e
799684
649669 25271 16130 47 912 31 55430 1564 9694 7553 50273 8291 90 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.7
0.6 2.9 0.3 16.8 0.1 1.0 15.9 0.4 3.5 2.1 -2.2 7.2 0.9 0.6 2.9 0.3 16.8 0.1 1.0 15.9 2.4 3.4 1.9 0.7 6.4 -2.6 -0.1 4.6 3.4 -3.3 -
695909
585808 15919 16012 3 663 26 3066 4710 5382 5348 72374 2517 -
IEA North America 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
30553
1993 4944 4340 19276 29172 1993 4046 3857 19276 1381 898 483 -
2000
29132
187 8935 8330 9489 2191 27751 187 8037 7847 9489 2191 1381 898 483 -
2005
18722
2061 3009 2040 11487 125 17341 2061 2111 1557 11487 125 1381 898 483 -
2006
44777
3899 6816 5064 27903 1095 43627 3899 6068 4662 27903 1095 1150 748 402 -
2007
49532
3525 7170 5342 32164 1331 48382 3525 6422 4940 32164 1331 1150 748 402 -
2008e
50079
4334 7491 5533 31463 1258 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
IEA North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
53150 53150 -50457 -2694 618026 618026 -
3236 3236 -3236 37627 37627 -
3 3 -3 31 31 -
4 4 -4 42 42 -
8786 8786 -7751 1036 118 118 917 554 363 16798 16798 -
1473 1473 -148 1325 1325 1325 673 673 -
3050 3050 -188 -122 -141 -663 1936 1921 873 540 9 489 2 8 15 15 5006 1116 3890 3525 3525 -
4001 4001 -2959 -281 -346 -90 -35 290 90 29 61 200 200 9680 8536 1144 7170 6422 748
IEA North America 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
3126 3126 -2325 -216 -272 -66 -19 228 71 23 48 157 157 7581 6701 880 5342 4940 402
63673 63673 -3533 -1923 -1353 -4348 52517 38335 38 6 890 31126 5987 288 14182 12145 1667 369 49518 17163 32355 32164 32164 -
4291 4291 -1719 -171 -141 -20 -1 2238 2220 4 3 1 1 1 2209 18 17 7453 6943 510 288 288 -
17 17 -17 58 58 -
245 245 -53 -1 -34 -97 60 9 5 4 51 51 728 199 529 1043 1043 -
12906 1099 -10 -143 13852 13852 13852 13852 -
1597 1 1597 1597 1597 1597 -
92 92 -1 -1 -11 79 79 1 78 84 14 70 -
159650 1100 -10 -143 160596 -72377 -5426 -2287 -5295 -54 -1 75158 42843 4 915 547 1 904 31750 5989 2732 15449 15449 16865 14024 2470 369 753305 713927 39378 49532 48382 1150
7.7% 0.1% x 6.2% x x x x x x 4.2% 12.3% 0.0% 1.1% 2.0% 0.0% 3.0% 44.7% 46.0% 11.7% 2.2% 2.7% 3.0% 4.7% 1.1% 1.8% 15.2% 15.5% 11.5% 8.4% 8.3% 100.0%
IEA North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES
1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
554876 554876 537876 17000 17000 2967 2967 2967 132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 138350 138350 138350 -
2000
548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093 65871 65871 5569 60302 60302 175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655 174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925
2005
361437 361437 325776 35661 4537 31124 57291 57291 5641 51650 51650 107573 107573 44571 63002 62594 408 169580 169580 1 156826 12753 4565 8188
2006
361754 361754 323033 38721 4642 34079 58699 58699 5157 53542 53542 131285 131285 52643 78642 78231 411 172697 172697 155756 16941 4258 12683
2007
367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404 61691 61691 6216 55475 55475 127720 127720 46643 81077 80451 626 167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369
2008e
435864 435864 387120 48744 .. .. 66791 66791 9652 57139 .. 100800 100800 .. .. .. .. 171210 171210 .. .. .. ..
90-07
-2.7 -2.7 -3.3 6.8 6.1 21.1 21.1 5.8 2.6 2.6 -3.2 26.1 26.1 3.8 3.8 x 3.3 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



IEA North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 88273 88273 88273 2662475 2662475 1412457 1250018 615830 634188 30674 30674 30674 276 276 276 -
1995
136858 136858 136858 2809406 2809406 1334085 1475321 760093 715228 42788 42788 42788 516 516 516 -
2000
173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925 2771449 2771449 573085 2198364 1614229 584135 124617 124617 65159 59458 57035 2423 696 696 696 -
2005
132441 132441 -1 122423 10019 3586 6433 2752433 2752433 590403 2162030 1507914 654116 155682 155682 1 76118 79563 79451 112 696 696 696 -
2006
134932 134932 121622 13310 3345 9965 2666861 2666861 459269 2207592 1661714 545878 164703 164703 83755 80948 80398 550 696 696 696 -
2007
130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576 2666367 2666367 -1 467162 2199206 1605330 593876 179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739 696 696 696 -
2008e
132927 132927 .. .. .. .. 2552519 2552519 .. .. .. .. .. 193732 193732 .. .. .. .. .. 700 700 .. -
90-07
2.3 2.3 x 1.9 0.0 0.0 x -6.3 3.4 5.8 -0.4 11.0 11.0 x 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.6 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

IEA North America 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
4063000 49000 26000 4138000 -8000 4146000 4146000 -
2000
6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822 4642000 79000 79000 4800000 -365000 5165000 5165000 20667 20667 -333 21000 21000 -
2005
11509 11509 9930 1579 917 662 11909198 472155 55290 12436643 -357 12437000 12437000 302622 193 302815 -185 303000 303000 565420 565420 119576 445844 445844 -
2006
11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771 14849854 2204897 -402645 16652106 106 16652000 16652000 834800 269 835069 69 835000 835000 430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -
2007
10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137 20200879 1703657 -223552 21680984 -16 21681000 21681000 1632750 681 1633431 -569 1634000 1634000 177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -
2008e
10194 10194 .. .. .. .. 28387615 1942038 -463980 29865673 .. .. .. 2275140 -1206640 1068500 .. .. .. 186296 186296 .. .. .. -
90-07
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

IEA Europe
Tables
Graphs
IEA Europe Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Non-Renew. Gas 16.1% Waste 0.3% Nuclear 12.7% Hydro 41.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 93.8%
Renewables 5.7%
Biogas 1.4% Other(3) 4.4% Oil 37.6% Coal 27.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 54.0% Renew. Mun. Waste 4.8%
TPES(1)
1,602 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Nuclear 13.2% Gas 24.6% Hydro 27.6% Renewables 8.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.3% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 60.8%
Biogas 6.3% Liquid Biomass 10.2%
Coal 18.3% Oil 34.7%
Other(3) 11.6%
TPES(1)
1,822 Mtoe

800 700 600 500 TWh 400 300 200 100 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
IEA Europe 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
1650.21 103.34
2000
1732.48 117.11
2005
1830.57 133.91
2006
1839.14 141.10
2007
1822.11 152.43
2008e
1813.79 156.84
90-07
0.8 3.1

1602.41 90.77
5.7
7219.11 0.22 116 497.30 3.22 2627.5
6.3
7826.72 0.21 110 510.04 3.24 2839.2
6.8
9057.15 0.19 100 521.24 3.32 3192.1
7.3
9915.67 0.18 97 536.46 3.41 3476.0
7.7
10227.81 0.18 94 539.52 3.41 3521.1
8.4
10520.80 0.17 91 542.67 3.36 3565.0
8.6
10631.10 0.17 89 544.86 3.33 3568.8
2.3
2.2 -1.4 -1.4 0.5 0.2 1.8

458.79 17.5
241.3
523.53 18.4
263.0
598.11 18.7
290.2
627.95 18.1
306.8
644.45 18.3
313.2
694.96 19.5
319.4
733.49 20.6
..
2.5 0.6
1.7
0.00 0.0
0.21 0.1
0.70 0.2
3.12 1.0
5.43 1.7
7.85 2.5
.. ..
64.0 61.3

1990
Total capacity
1995
181721 171991 35874 498 62 240 2449 682 1662 3669 468 7818
2000
202777 179424 37839 622 201 1 241 12766 1082 2342 4936 1162 19661
2005
245783 182224 37861 701 1773 1 241 40750 240 5485 10820 2792 756 30616
2006
260070 184342 39356 720 3247 13 241 47907 196 6020 13357 3197 830 34040
2007
272350 185417 39783 723 4796 13 241 56591 464 5814 14185 3702 541 37430
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
3.0 0.9 1.8 2.0 42.2 0.0 32.5 0.6 10.0 9.5 17.3 13.4
165525 159450 29462 517 12 240 471 420 1142 3029 244 4442
3110
5473
13763
21433
23829
26200
..
13.4
IEA Europe 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
555349
515291 22646 3564 45 568 4078 5131 4381 4041 15663 2587 537031 515291 22646 3564 45 568 4078 4474 2689 2675 2071 1576 18318 657 1692 1366 13592 1011 -
2000
641785
564829 30116 4861 128 573 22316 6265 8210 7291 20722 6590 616261 564829 30116 4861 128 573 22316 4541 5183 4932 3463 5435 25524 1724 3027 2359 17259 1155 -
2005
681274
517385 37980 5491 1467 534 70905 3546 12539 11795 41316 13522 2774 625288 517385 37980 5491 1467 534 70905 1180 4461 4476 10921 6915 1553 55986 2366 8078 7319 30395 6607 1221
2006
698354
510909 37346 5709 2505 519 82931 3346 13878 13216 46393 15446 3502 633049 510909 37346 5709 2505 519 82931 1156 4411 4452 11489 7051 1917 65305 2190 9467 8764 34904 8395 1585
2007
748268
524712 35504 5929 3779 8 519 105230 3963 15406 13844 52633 18767 3478 695496 524712 35504 5929 3779 8 519 105230 1203 7978 7794 21067 15120 2157 52772 2760 7428 6050 31566 3647 1321
2008e
786098
539117 34006 5828 6909 37 513 120083 4132 15931 14467 55409 20053 3619 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
2.6
0.8 3.5 3.5 39.6 -0.6 33.5 1.7 10.4 10.0 9.6 18.9 2.3 0.8 3.5 3.5 39.6 -0.6 33.5 -4.5 8.9 8.7 16.9 23.0 8.9 13.9 12.7 12.4 7.2 11.8 -
484380
459056 19912 3306 13 571 778 2955 2849 2723 11138 991 -
IEA Europe 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
175231
396 6 6501 48755 41961 75565 2047 108616 2618 35168 31778 37588 1464 66615 396 6 3883 13587 10183 37977 583 -
2000
232267
707 24 13949 56342 47352 111209 2684 150338 6004 41561 34765 66307 1701 81929 707 24 7945 14781 12587 44902 983 -
2005
340768
1503 55 6050 74964 66294 182127 6727 3048 234994 4675 59751 51339 113204 5022 1003 105774 1503 55 1375 15213 14955 68923 1705 2045
2006
368684
1813 49 5936 76053 67843 206295 6420 4275 260911 5252 62437 53417 132087 4662 3056 107773 1813 49 684 13616 14426 74208 1758 1219
2007
396855
1822 52 11288 81478 62748 210338 7385 21744 290553 10026 65482 49322 143637 4983 17103 106302 1822 52 1262 15996 13426 66701 2402 4641
2008e
422358
1924 52 11233 85750 65858 229225 6966 21350 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
1990
Total heat
1995
16550
20133 6697 3114
2000
18990
21675 6525 3840
2005
20033
18232 5624 7425
2006
25353
17595 5148 12906
2007
26351
17787 5249 13813
2008e
24241
17022 5146 12365
90-07
-
IEA Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
42072 42072 -40847 -1225 489208 489208 -
9050 9050 -8517 -533 105230 105230 -
45 45 -45 519 519 -
325 325 -315 -10 3780 3780 -
6927 6927 -5107 -78 -5 1737 13 1 12 1725 1335 137 36 2 214 5929 5929 1822 1822
1334 1334 -2 -1 1331 128 1 126 1203 1044 100 13 46 8 8 52 52
2734 4 2738 -1 -244 -227 -162 -702 -18 -22 -3 -8 1352 1318 31 366 25 641 1 97 80 8 70 34 33 3963 1203 2760 11288 10026 1262
7645 14 7659 -1 -1911 -1166 -1911 -1462 -264 -243 700 100 34 1 17 3 45 601 10 587 4 15407 7978 7429 81478 65482 15996
IEA Europe 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
6979 14 6992 -2008 -1077 -1618 -1197 -230 -202 660 94 63 6 24 566 6 557 2 13844 7794 6050 62748 49322 13426
67508 2824 -657 -18 69657 -5 -5317 -1039 -4843 -3917 -1828 -69 -226 -1 52412 18180 5 115 6 769 1 31 1 809 11173 3069 114 65 2024 34231 32028 672 1525 7 52633 21067 31566 210338 143637 66701
144 -41 103 121 224 15 15 209 206 3 -
2724 2724 -2 -651 -1785 -72 -60 -36 -1 -10 106 20 20 86 85 8800 8173 627 2176 902 1274
958 958 -91 -338 -205 -14 -4 -73 232 28 4 14 9 204 202 2 2274 135 2139 2021 1407 614
2131 2131 -1686 -80 -110 -139 -13 -4 -2 99 75 1 60 10 4 24 6 16 2 7693 6812 881 3188 2674 514
1140 211 -139 -21 1191 -3 1188 1188 1188 -
6283 970 -468 -39 6745 -63 6683 6643 6643 39 39 -
1476 34 1511 -446 -118 -116 -641 -79 -73 38 6 6 15 15 17 1 13 3 3478 2157 1321 21744 17103 4641
159331 4215 -1305 -78 162162 -75 -67094 -7353 -9170 -8323 -2561 -622 -105 -80 -18 66762 19977 36 492 31 1507 1 33 1 899 11303 3152 123 65 2334 7846 7846 38939 34668 2383 1603 2 280 712766 659993 52773 396855 290553 106302
15.0% 0.3% 0.2% x 8.9% x x x x x x x x x x 5.2% 6.2% 0.1% 0.9% 0.2% 3.5% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 3.0% 29.6% 47.0% 1.5% 0.8% 5.0% 2.3% 2.5% 7.8% 11.7% 1.7% 5.3% 0.1% 0.9% 20.0% 22.7% 8.1% 15.5% 14.6% 18.7%
IEA Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 154211 154211 119188 3 35020 35020 7215 7215 1 6 7208 335 6873 80089 80089 32839 5222 42028 40136 1892 97829 97829 1 96222 34 1572 19 1553
1995
173783 173783 128885 9 44889 44889 17013 17013 2 6 17005 1622 15383 120182 120182 58837 6774 54571 52540 2031 124915 124915 1420 118467 49 4979 21 4958
2000
229440 229440 176215 27 53198 273 52925 28117 28117 24 28093 4079 24014 132682 -29 132653 81160 8857 42636 40509 2127 176581 3 176584 -1 163747 4 12834 748 12086
2005
269861 269861 200667 28 69166 484 68682 43928 43928 57 1 43870 5152 38718 87276 7 -12 87271 36897 584 49790 48574 1216 243357 243357 58 218564 24735 3876 20859
2006
279395 279395 209173 4 70218 513 69705 48515 48515 51 48464 5181 43283 94720 15 -30 94705 35011 338 99 59257 58061 1196 256910 3 256913 56 231541 25316 3406 21910
2007
290083 290083 217321 3 72759 543 72216 55854 55854 124 1 55729 5364 50365 114493 157 1 114651 25 57567 116 340 56603 55200 1403 320144 570 320714 55 291332 29327 4171 25156
2008e
286334 286334 213656 3 72675 .. .. 60986 60986 398 .. 60588 .. .. 118542 -95 118447 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 335358 266 335624 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
3.8 3.8 3.6 x 4.4 4.3 12.8 12.8 x 19.5 12.8 17.7 12.4 2.1 x 2.1 x 3.4 -20.1 x 1.8 1.9 -1.7 7.2 x 7.2 x 6.7 18.8 37.3 17.8
Solar thermal (TJ)



IEA Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
1995
114711 114711 1422 109049 49 4191 5 4186 2145123 14809 762 2160694 47 211015 3 1949629 608243 1 1341385 15514 15514 1 13392 1 2120 597 1523 16716 16716 -1 9543 7174 95 7079
2000
158489 3 158492 147009 4 11479 513 10966 2307130 25577 -638 2332069 -2 277778 132 2054161 676167 1377994 59187 59187 54017 64 5106 2734 2372 29623 29623 18510 11113 3214 7899
2005
230748 230748 15 208819 21914 2713 19201 2639130 71042 -382 2709790 48 581662 162 2127918 697285 30 1430603 108387 108387 1 104849 410 3127 754 2373 38429 38429 25362 3594 9473 816 8657
2006
248391 248391 15 224562 23814 3610 20204 2742002 96698 -200 2838500 -1 648770 13 6 2189712 737559 15 1452138 107722 107722 1 103199 17 430 4075 715 3360 38232 38232 -2 24963 3304 10 9957 1106 8851
2007
292233 570 292803 13 265153 27637 3951 23686 2826973 90730 -741 2916962 213 721900 57 2194792 761309 7 1433476 114050 114050 104 109036 31 436 4443 857 3586 40107 40107 -1 27307 3067 8 9726 1175 8551
2008e
307609 266 307875 .. .. .. .. .. 2793928 85857 -845 2878940 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 113169 113169 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41172 41172 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
7.2 x 7.2 x 6.6 23.1 44.0 22.1 2.3 18.2 x 2.5 x 11.0 14.2 x 1.2 1.9 12.1 0.8 21.7 21.7 x 24.8 x 6.4 -2.3 16.7 7.6 7.6 x 10.1 x 2.7 17.2 2.0
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

IEA Europe 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 14074 14074 6668 7406 7364 42 7153 7153 7153 2146 5007 46 11 57 57 57
1995
18083 18083 1 11798 24 6260 6091 169 38000 38000 38000 38000 200177 6000 206177 177 206000 206000 12844 12844 12844 6357 6487 68 13 81 81 81
2000
9031 9031 2 5482 4 3543 3242 301 92500 92500 1500 91000 91000 697081 11522 708603 603 708000 708000 19666 19666 19666 10030 9636 84 52 136 136 28 108
2005
40682 40682 1 36125 57 4499 4060 439 838779 38537 1433 878749 7749 871000 871000 3113310 -253075 -7657 2852578 3578 2849000 2849000 533638 309664 -80 843222 815286 27936 518 15318 12100 106 61 167 167 20 147
2006
55714 55714 -2 51332 44 4340 3470 870 1290479 78566 -2064 1366981 8981 1358000 1358000 5318746 -204120 -48532 5066094 -51906 5118000 5075000 706256 361217 -197 1067276 22 1022040 45214 11823 20524 12867 135 78 213 213 21 192
2007
89252 89252 85028 79 4145 3147 998 1760168 109817 -32999 1836986 3986 1833000 1833000 7046597 556890 -44577 7558910 69910 7489000 7445000 1629999 39090 -189 1668900 1626891 42009 6749 16564 18696 164 140 304 304 20 284
2008e
99944 99944 .. .. .. .. .. 2298048 347873 -10157 2635764 .. .. .. 8259050 971325 -36248 9194127 .. .. .. 1317486 92005 -189 1409302 .. .. .. .. .. 168 146 314 .. .. ..
90-07
11.5 11.5 x 16.2 -3.4 -4.9 20.5 x x x x 37.6 x 37.8 x 11.0 12.8 8.1 7.8 16.1 10.3 10.3 9.9
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Australia
Tables
Graphs
Australia Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 17.1% Oil 36.2% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Hydro 24.0%
Renewables 5.9%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 100.0% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 74.4%
Other(3) 1.6% Coal 40.6%
TPES(1)
86 Mtoe

Gas 20.4% Oil 29.8% Non-Renew. Waste 0.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 76.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 92.8% Other(3) 5.3%
Renewables 5.5%
Coal 44.1%
Hydro 18.0%
TPES(1)
124 Mtoe

25 20 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
TWh
Australia 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
92.56 5.53
2000
108.93 6.39
2005
120.77 6.54
2006
122.62 6.45
2007
124.07 6.87
2008e
129.00 6.77
90-07
2.2 1.8

86.23 5.07
5.9
280.99 0.31 113 17.17 5.02 154.3
6.0
330.09 0.28 103 18.19 5.09 173.0
5.9
399.61 0.27 100 19.27 5.65 207.4
5.4
471.15 0.26 94 20.53 5.88 245.1
5.3
486.16 0.25 93 20.82 5.89 251.3
5.5
507.75 0.24 90 21.14 5.87 254.6
5.2
520.20 0.25 91 21.13 6.11 265.3
-0.4
3.5 -1.3 -1.3 1.2 0.9 3.0

14.75 9.6
18.7
16.59 9.6
19.9
17.90 8.6
22.3
18.30 7.5
23.9
19.46 7.7
23.2
19.05 7.5
23.2
18.47 7.0
..
1.5 -1.4
1.3
0.01 0.0
0.06 0.2
0.10 0.4
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
8954 8564 940 2 381 e 7 e -
2000
9657 9201 1490 1 33 332 90 -
2005
10827 9285 1490 5 740 532 265 5298 e
2006
10915 9285 1490 6 819 535 270 5298
2007
11381 9317 1490 7 1249 535 273 5298
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.6 0.7 2.7 2.8 -
8653 e 8321 940 332 e -

3709 e
3709
3709
..
Australia 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 14880 14880 732 600 600 -
1995
16939 e
16239 354 7 670 e 23 16269 16239 354 7 23 670 e 670 e -
2000
18260
17137 360 1 58 685 379 17575 17137 360 1 58 379 685 685 -
2005
18653
15886 355 7 885 1110 765 17422 15886 355 7 885 179 465 1231 931 300 -
2006
19787
16028 328 9 1713 1095 942 18467 16028 328 9 1713 160 557 1320 935 385 -
2007
19376
14724 328 10 2611 1100 931 18056 14724 328 10 2611 150 561 1320 950 370 -
2008e
18797
12426 328 10 3285 1915 1161 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
1.3
-0.1 -4.6 3.6 1.1 -0.1 -4.6 4.7 2.7 -
15480
14880 732 600 -
Australia 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics -
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Australia 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
1238 1238 -1214 -24 14396 14396 -
225 225 -225 2611 2611 -
1 1 -1 10 10 -
142 142 142 142 54 89 -
101 101 101 101 98 3 -
Australia 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
4887 4887 -111 -751 4024 2529 21 56 2007 220 225 1495 1487 8 1100 150 950 -
278 278 -173 -5 -100 931 561 370 -
42 42 42 42 42 -
62 62 62 62 62 -
6976 6976 -1724 -29 -851 4371 2630 119 56 2010 220 225 104 104 1637 1541 97 19048 17728 1320 -
2.4% 5.6% x x x 5.8% 9.9% 5.4% 0.6% 55.7% 16.9% 64.5% 0.4% 0.5% 9.0% 15.1% 1.6% 7.5% 7.4% 9.2% -
Australia 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 3405 3405 3405 3405 7767 7767 7767 7767 -
1995
3331 3331 3331 3331 7823 7823 7823 7823 -
2000
3418 3418 3418 3418 7490 7490 7490 7490 -
2005
2623 2623 2623 2623 4273 4273 4273 4273 -
2006
2432 2432 2432 2432 4345 4345 4345 4345 -
2007
5948 5948 5948 5948 4236 4236 4236 4236 -
2008e
6526 6526 6526 .. 4454 4454 .. .. -
90-07
3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 -3.5 -3.5 -3.5 -3.5 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Australia 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 158108 158108 29683 e 128425 e 54325 e 74100 -
1995
170313 170313 24120 146193 64493 81700 676 676 676 e
2000
197572 e 197572 23310 174262 e 95543 e 78719 5780 e 5780 e 5780 e -
2005
201767 201767 37184 164583 103982 60601 9900 9900 9900 -
2006
191309 191309 36052 155257 103341 51916 11100 11100 11100 -
2007
204659 204659 36134 168525 105907 62618 11643 11643 11643 -
2008e
205029 205029 .. .. .. .. 11643 11643 .. -
90-07
1.5 1.5 1.2 1.6 4.0 -1.0 -
e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Australia 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors -
1995
-
2000
-
2005
16892 16892 -108 17000 17000 -
2006
59242 59242 242 59000 59000 19110 3000 22110 110 22000 22000 -
2007
65561 65561 -439 66000 66000 70070 70070 70 70000 70000 -
2008e
117420 117420 .. .. .. 45760 45760 .. .. .. -
90-07
x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Austria
Tables
Graphs
Austria Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 20.9% Non-Renew. Waste 0.8% Renewables 20.2% Hydro 54.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 98.8%
Oil 41.7%
Coal 16.5%
Other(3) 0.4%
TPES(1)
25 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 2.0% Gas 21.0% Renewables 23.7%
Hydro 39.4%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 90.0% Biogas 0.9% Liquid Biomass 6.8% Renew. Mun. Waste 2.3%
Coal 11.7% Oil 39.9%
Other(3) 4.0%
TPES(1)
33 Mtoe

50 45 40 35 TWh 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Austria 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
26.70 5.85
2000
28.52 6.59
2005
33.72 7.12
2006
34.15 7.58
2007
33.18 7.86
2008e
32.30 7.57
90-07
1.7 2.7

24.78 5.01
20.2
149.06 0.17 111 7.68 3.23 49.3
21.9
165.04 0.16 108 7.95 3.36 55.2
23.1
191.20 0.15 100 8.01 3.56 59.9
21.1
207.74 0.16 109 8.23 4.10 63.0
22.2
214.75 0.16 107 8.28 4.12 60.8
23.7
221.33 0.15 101 8.32 3.99 60.9
23.4
225.30 0.14 96 8.28 3.90 64.1
0.9
2.4 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 1.3 1.3

32.64 66.2
4.4
38.90 70.5
5.0
43.52 72.7
6.0
39.35 62.5
8.0
39.56 65.1
7.7
41.61 68.3
7.8
44.18 69.0
..
1.4 0.2
3.3
0.00 0.0
0.01 0.1
0.01 0.1
0.06 0.7
0.13 1.7
0.24 3.1
.. ..
33.6 29.3

1990
Total capacity
1995
11856 11304 3571 1 1 6 544 1241
2000
12515 11664 3572 5 54 12 780 2100
2005
13790 11811 3580 22 827 364 766 3009
2006
13987 11853 3580 35 969 364 766 3312
2007
15261 12009 3580 2 35 977 432 1699 92 15 3667
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.8 0.5 0.0 28.6 8.9 13.4
11353 10947 3556 6 400 434
304
869
1470
2106
2318
2567
..
13.4
Austria 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 33040 32507 998 533 647 38 10 16 583 -
1995
40386
38477 1410 1 1 48 15 24 1766 54 39227 38477 1410 1 1 723 25 1159 48 15 24 1043 29 -
2000
45298
43498 1658 3 67 72 24 46 1517 71 44145 43498 1658 3 67 44 9 15 441 68 1153 28 15 31 1076 3 -
2005
42538
38612 2738 2 14 1328 221 100 225 1930 67 39 40983 38612 2738 2 14 1328 41 85 201 636 40 24 1555 180 15 24 1294 27 15
2006
42857
37664 2786 3 15 1752 238 231 272 2553 69 60 41041 37664 2786 3 15 1752 43 219 242 1020 46 37 1816 195 12 30 1533 23 23
2007
44670 e
38485 2492 3 17 2015 313 237 e 260 3182 e 85 73 42535 e 38485 2492 3 17 2015 104 225 e 229 1369 e 43 45 2135 209 12 31 1813 42 28
2008e
47742
40397 2733 2 17 1988 492 308 338 3609 555 36 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.7
1.0 5.5 13.2 20.5 17.8 6.4 1.5 1.0 5.5 5.7 7.3 10.5 1.1 4.0 6.9 -
33687
32507 998 38 10 16 1116 -
Austria 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 2094 749 511 834 1845 168 273 1404 -
1995
7644
32 966 1065 1739 3645 197 3041 966 626 1022 230 197 4603 32 439 717 3415 -
2000
10463
378 642 1056 1723 6664 2366 642 606 989 129 8097 378 450 734 6535 -
2005
19811
562 521 1133 1827 15295 200 273 6520 519 643 1027 3858 200 273 13291 562 2 490 800 11437 -
2006
22094
562 540 1117 2545 16510 389 431 9872 538 608 1023 7078 194 431 12222 562 2 509 1522 9432 195 -
2007
26803
517 720 1216 2467 20899 462 522 14173 718 624 1502 10555 252 522 12630 517 2 592 965 10344 210 -
2008e
27741
533 745 1259 2553 21631 478 542 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
11.9
-0.2 3.5 4.8 17.2 11.9 -0.2 1.2 3.5 12.0 7.7 7.7 12.5 -
3939
749 679 1107 1404 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Austria 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
3095 3095 -2999 -97 35993 35993 -
173 173 -173 2015 2015 -
1 1 -1 17 17 -
32 32 -2 -25 6 6 6 3 3 517 517
106 106 106 106 67 39 1 -
475 475 -12 -22 -22 -27 392 375 138 174 3 58 1 1 17 17 313 104 209 720 718 2
103 103 -29 -35 -21 -18 237 225 12 1216 624 592
Austria 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
172 172 -33 -56 -49 -6 -29 260 229 31 2467 1502 965
3902 e 412 -317 3997 -176 e -182 -323 -238 -294 2783 910 33 6 7 4 462 328 26 1 42 1873 1583 88 202 3182 1369 e 1813 20899 10555 10344
8 8 8 8 5 3 -
5 5 -1 -4 15 15 -
6 6 -1 -1 4 4 4 7 2 5 37 37 -
30 30 -4 -3 -8 -3 -7 6 6 4 2 63 26 37 425 215 210
6 23 -6 -6 17 17 17 17 -
133 164 -76 -9 212 212 212 212 e -
73 73 -1 -15 -2 -31 -3 21 10 10 10 10 73 45 28 522 522 -
8312 607 -399 -15 8505 -1 -3445 -401 -455 -278 -373 3555 1295 175 180 7 8 467 386 27 1 43 239 239 2020 1655 153 213 42178 40043 2135 26803 14173 12630
76.2% 2.1% 6.3% x 25.6% x x x x x x 13.2% 17.3% 19.4% 19.0% 1.4% 1.5% 30.6% 56.0% 4.9% 0.9% 15.1% 2.8% 3.1% 21.8% 26.8% 6.2% 34.9% 69.2% 79.5% 20.2% 42.2% 32.1% 65.2%
Austria 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 151 151 151 151 621 621 621 621 6576 6576 2542 4034 2924 1110 917 917 917 -
1995
205 e 205 e 64 e 141 141 1494 1494 1494 1494 7005 7005 1929 5076 4556 520 1486 1486 1486 -
2000
962 962 756 e 206 206 2662 2662 2662 2662 7671 7671 1589 6082 5521 561 1714 1714 1714 -
2005
1455 1455 1196 259 259 3816 3816 3816 3816 13236 13236 2509 10727 10040 687 2398 2398 2398 -
2006
1436 1436 1196 240 240 4157 4157 4157 4157 17539 17539 2687 14852 14123 729 4217 4217 4217 -
2007
1344 1344 1104 240 240 4457 4457 4457 4457 19901 19901 3480 16421 15692 729 4322 e 4322 e 4322 e -
2008e
1386 1386 1138 248 .. 4829 4829 4829 .. 25402 25402 .. .. .. .. 3215 3215 .. -
90-07
13.7 13.7 2.8 2.8 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 6.7 6.7 1.9 8.6 10.4 -2.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Austria 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 1497 1497 1497 92789 2053 -545 94297 7529 86768 22444 1 64323 -
1995
2425 2425 2425 105661 928 190 106779 17904 88875 19901 1 68973 195 195 146 49 49 619 619 619 -
2000
2796 2796 2796 119295 -2069 117226 20594 96632 29161 67471 442 442 442 468 468 110 358 358 -
2005
4768 4768 4768 154579 -3819 150760 35837 114923 26925 87998 346 346 346 267 267 114 153 153 -
2006
6855 6855 6855 158204 7973 166177 44445 121732 34843 86889 375 375 375 191 191 40 151 151 -
2007
7221 7221 7221 163383 e 4002 167385 e 50839 e 116546 38107 78439 203 203 203 244 244 82 162 162 -
2008e
5716 5716 .. 141735 1374 143109 .. .. .. .. 195 195 .. 234 234 .. .. .. -
90-07
9.7 9.7 9.7 3.4 4.0 x 3.4 11.9 1.8 3.2 1.2 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Austria 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 7153 7153 7153 2146 5007 7 7 7 7
1995
35 35 35 12844 12844 12844 6357 6487 9 9 9 9
2000
365 365 219 146 146 19666 19666 19666 10030 9636 10 10 10 10
2005
677 677 472 205 205 6280 50584 -5000 51864 -136 52000 52000 55260 55260 30677 24583 12537 12046 11 11 11 11
2006
1061 1061 839 222 222 29077 119476 -14000 134553 -447 135000 135000 73032 73032 48449 24583 12537 12046 12 12 12 12
2007
1254 1254 1018 236 236 10031 26990 -9988 27033 33 27000 27000 151733 101012 -9911 242834 -166 e 243000 e 243000 e 82778 82778 58848 23930 12204 11726 11 11 11 11
2008e
1444 1444 .. .. .. 39192 47144 -1391 84945 .. .. .. 106568 202952 -18800 290720 .. .. .. 177571 177571 .. .. .. .. 13 13 .. ..
90-07
x x x x 15.5 15.5 7.4 10.8 5.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Belgium
Tables
Graphs
Belgium Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 16.9% Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Nuclear 23.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.5% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 73.9%
Renewables 1.0% Oil 37.1% Coal 21.9%
Other(3) 0.7%
Biogas 1.4% Renew. Mun. Waste 24.7%
Hydro 4.8%
TPES(1)
48 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 1.2% Nuclear 22.0% Gas 26.2% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.5%
Renewables 2.7% Other(3) 3.3%
Biogas 5.7% Liquid Biomass 9.6% Renew. Mun. Waste 9.4%
Coal 7.4% Oil 39.5% Hydro 2.2%
TPES(1)
57 Mtoe

7 6 5 TWh 4 3 2 1 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Belgium 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
53.73 0.53
2000
58.50 0.64
2005
58.68 1.16
2006
58.11 1.36
2007
57.02 1.52
2008e
57.76 1.79
90-07
1.0 7.0

48.24 0.48
1.0
187.54 0.26 102 9.97 4.84 70.3
1.0
202.96 0.26 105 10.14 5.30 73.5
1.1
231.93 0.25 100 10.25 5.71 82.8
2.0
251.32 0.23 93 10.47 5.60 85.7
2.3
258.83 0.22 89 10.54 5.51 84.3
2.7
265.96 0.21 85 10.62 5.37 87.5
3.1
269.80 0.21 85 10.61 5.44 83.1
6.0
2.1 -1.1 -1.1 0.4 0.6 1.3

0.56 0.8
6.5
0.67 0.9
7.1
1.04 1.3
7.7
2.11 2.5
8.2
2.95 3.5
8.0
3.49 4.0
8.1
4.44 5.3
..
11.4 10.0
1.3
0.09 1.1
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
1707 e 1403 1307 5 139 e 135 e 23 e 2 e 36
2000
1730 e 1413 1310 14 139 97 47 20 e 41
2005
2182 e 1412 e 1307 e 2 167 e 17 139 294 56 95 77
2006
2287 1414 1307 2 212 3 196 307 53 100 110
2007
2406 1417 1307 20 276 22 177 329 68 97 139
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
2.4 0.1 26.6 -9.5 7.5 16.1 28.2 8.6
1605 e 1401 1307 5 120 e 52 e 26 e 1 e 34
24
25
29
54
77
97
..
8.6
Belgium 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1627 e 897 631 7 231 140 e 210 e 135 7 -
1995
2281 e
1230 892 9 441 187 e 280 e 121 13 2281 e 1230 892 9 441 187 e 280 e 121 13 -
2000
3051
1699 1239 16 385 306 383 164 98 2533 1699 1239 16 72 290 367 11 78 518 313 16 16 153 20 -
2005
4082 e
1604 e 1316 e 1 227 e 136 326 524 e 960 e 223 e 81 3399 e 1604 e 1316 e 1 227 e 114 224 378 e 668 e 103 e 80 683 e 22 102 146 292 e 120 e 1
2006
5101 e
1628 e 1269 e 2 366 109 e 319 771 1406 274 e 226 4296 e 1628 e 1269 e 2 366 86 e 189 563 1079 163 e 220 805 e 23 130 208 327 111 e 6
2007
5821
1683 1294 6 491 533 297 508 1818 289 196 5145 1683 1294 6 491 441 294 493 1420 167 150 676 92 3 15 398 122 46
2008e
6862
1756 1346 40 622 530 350 550 2404 305 305 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
7.8
3.8 4.3 28.4 5.0 4.5 5.3 16.5 24.5 7.0 3.8 4.3 28.4 3.9 4.5 5.1 14.8 20.5 -
1627 e
897 631 7 231 140 e 210 e 135 7 -
Belgium 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 411 43 68 120 e 180 e -
1995
241
53 14 70 e 104 e 241 53 14 70 e 104 e -
2000
885
53 97 347 347 41 389 78 135 135 41 496 53 19 212 212 -
2005
3607 e
51 277 1284 e 1842 e 153 3429 e 277 1232 e 1767 e 153 178 51 52 75 -
2006
2660
74 208 909 1305 4 160 e 2485 208 871 1250 4 152 175 74 38 55 8 e -
2007
297
61 13 65 56 99 3 236 13 65 56 99 3 61 61 -
2008e
315
70 10 65 60 101 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-1.9
2.1 -12.3 -5.8 -10.6 2.1 -
411
43 68 120 e 180 e -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Belgium 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
33 33 -33 389 389 -
42 42 -42 -1 491 491 -
1 1 -1 6 6 -
3 3 -3 61 61
5 5 5 5 4 1 -
390 390 -199 -100 91 86 86 4 4 533 441 92 -
135 135 -132 -3 297 294 3 13 13 -
Belgium 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
234 234 -221 -13 508 493 15 65 65 -
649 434 1083 -349 -20 -70 644 432 54 1 8 263 106 212 200 1 11 1818 1420 398 56 56 -
49 49 -2 -39 -7 181 153 28 20 20 -
2 2 -1 5 5 -
31 31 -3 -11 -13 3 1 1 2 1 1 103 14 89 79 79 -
127 -40 87 87 87 87 -
34 18 51 -30 -1 -2 -9 10 6 6 4 1 3 196 150 46 3 3 -
1735 452 -40 2146 -2 -1045 -6 -156 -93 -3 840 525 6 140 1 9 263 106 87 87 227 204 8 15 4527 3851 676 297 236 61
12.1% 0.6% 0.2% 3.8% x x x x x x 2.1% 4.8% 0.2% 12.1% 0.3% 0.9% 31.4% 43.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.8% 2.5% 0.2% 1.7% 5.2% 5.0% 6.1% 1.0% 0.9% 2.2%
Belgium 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 89 89 86 3 35 35 35 35 5499 5499 3314 e 2185 2185 4706 e 4706 e 4706 e -
1995
115 115 106 9 39 39 39 39 9003 9003 5365 e 3638 3638 5418 e 5418 e 5418 e -
2000
133 133 106 27 43 43 43 43 10911 10911 5705 e 5206 5206 5896 5896 5896 -
2005
130 130 102 28 113 113 113 113 8361 8361 3203 5158 4942 216 7841 7841 7841 -
2006
152 152 148 4 138 138 138 138 8231 8231 2815 e 5416 5202 214 7723 7723 7723 -
2007
125 125 122 3 193 193 193 193 16326 16326 12533 3793 3613 180 5635 5635 5635 -
2008e
143 143 140 3 270 270 270 .. 16300 16300 .. .. .. .. 7800 7800 .. -
90-07
2.0 2.0 2.1 x 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 6.6 6.6 8.1 3.3 3.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Belgium 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 7058 e 7058 e 7058 e 14064 14064 608 e 13456 e 5696 e 7760 146 146 146 -
1995
8126 e 8126 e 8126 e 11249 3575 14824 600 14224 7123 7101 173 173 173 -
2000
7633 7633 7633 13347 4373 17720 766 16954 10593 6361 1002 1002 1002 61 61 33 28 28
2005
12663 12663 12663 22104 11739 33843 -66 8131 e 25778 17734 8044 2144 2144 2144 84 84 -1 15 70 40 30
2006
16935 16935 16935 23845 16886 40731 12435 28296 19518 8778 2135 2135 2135 54 54 17 37 37
2007
9783 9783 9783 27168 18170 45338 18354 26984 18108 8876 2047 2047 104 1943 68 68 55 13 13
2008e
16000 16000 .. 27000 25000 52000 .. .. .. .. 2150 2150 .. .. 70 70 .. .. ..
90-07
1.9 1.9 1.9 3.9 7.1 x 22.2 4.2 7.0 0.8 16.8 16.8 x 16.4 x -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Belgium 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 123 123 123 123 -
1995
288 288 288 288 -
2000
144 144 45 99 99 -
2005
1659 e 1659 e 689 e 970 907 63 18757 649 19406 18838 568 514 54 -
2006
1152 e 1152 e 712 e 440 328 112 32677 33080 65757 15 53098 12644 11823 821 -
2007
1289 1289 1146 143 57 86 145086 -45949 99137 137 99000 99000 37937 19811 57748 46940 10808 6749 4059 -
2008e
1350 1350 .. .. .. .. 10000 20000 30000 150000 -45000 105000 .. .. .. 50000 25000 75000 .. .. .. .. 1 1 -
90-07
14.8 14.8 0.9 -4.4 x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Canada
Tables
Graphs
Canada Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Nuclear 9.3% Gas 26.2% Hydro 75.7%
Renewables 16.2%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.2% Biogas 0.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 24.3% Renew. Mun. Waste 0.7%
Coal 11.6% Oil 36.7%
TPES(1)
209 Mtoe

Nuclear 9.0% Gas 29.3% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 92.2% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 26.6%
Renewables 16.2% Hydro 72.8% Coal 11.2%
Oil 35.1%
Other(3) 0.6%
TPES(1)
269 Mtoe

400 350 300 250 TWh 200 150 100 50 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Canada 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
230.91 38.73
2000
251.16 42.42
2005
271.68 43.55
2006
269.20 42.38
2007
269.37 43.52
2008e
267.43 43.97
90-07
1.5 1.5

208.68 33.72
16.2
543.64 0.38 111 27.70 7.53 482.0
16.8
592.05 0.39 113 29.30 7.88 560.0
16.9
724.91 0.35 100 30.69 8.18 605.6
16.0
820.79 0.33 96 32.31 8.41 626.0
15.7
846.32 0.32 92 32.65 8.25 615.9
16.2
869.28 0.31 89 32.98 8.17 639.7
16.4
873.30 0.31 88 33.14 8.07 632.6
-0.0
2.8 -1.3 -1.3 1.0 0.5 1.7

300.69 62.4
33.0
341.63 61.0
35.8
366.99 60.6
39.2
374.27 59.8
42.3
366.56 59.5
42.4
379.89 59.4
44.2
384.41 60.8
..
1.4 -0.3
1.7
0.13 0.3
0.17 0.4
0.14 0.3
0.66 1.5
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
65799 e 64750 177 2 20 22 4 e 991 e 10 e -
2000
68861 e 67407 e 177 e 7 20 e 92 e 4 e 1227 e 104 e -
2005
74388 e 71978 177 17 20 684 4 e 1556 129 823 e
2006
76014 72838 177 20 20 1460 35 1505 136 854 e
2007
77112 73616 177 26 20 1855 36 1423 136 854 e
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.5 1.3 -0.3 55.7 13.8 2.6 21.4 -
60325 e 59381 186 20 1 4 e 914 e 5 e -

576 e
598 e
598 e
..
Canada 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 300726 e 296848 111 26 3829 23 e 117 e 76 e 41 e -
1995
341791 e
336034 111 4 33 59 99 e 54 e 5465 43 e 341674 e 336034 111 4 33 59 23 e 13 e 5465 43 e 117 e 76 e 41 e -
2000
367158 e
358620 111 16 e 32 e 264 99 e 54 e 7365 708 e 367041 e 358620 111 16 e 32 e 264 23 e 13 e 7365 708 e 117 e 76 e 41 e -
2005
374437 e
363736 111 17 31 1471 99 54 8298 731 e 374320 e 363736 111 17 31 1471 23 13 8298 731 e 117 76 41 -
2006
366725 e
355455 111 e 21 31 2500 102 55 7830 731 e 366610 e 355455 111 e 21 31 2500 27 15 7830 731 e 115 75 40 -
2007
380054 e
368518 111 26 31 3024 102 55 7528 770 e 379895 e 368518 111 26 31 3024 27 15 7528 726 e 159 e 75 40 44 e -
2008e
384580
372492 111 26 31 3022 109 59 8020 821 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
1.4
1.3 1.0 1.7 1.7 4.1 22.9 1.4 1.3 1.0 4.1 22.5 1.8 -0.1 -0.1 -
300843 e
296848 111 26 76 e 41 e 3829 23 e -
Canada 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 633 e 411 e 222 e 1381 e 898 e 483 e -
1995
2014 e
1309 e 705 e 633 e 411 e 222 e 1381 e 898 e 483 e -
2000
2014 e
1309 e 705 e 633 e 411 e 222 e 1381 e 898 e 483 e -
2005
2014
1309 705 633 411 222 1381 898 483 -
2006
1805
1174 631 655 426 229 1150 748 402 -
2007
1855 e
1174 631 50 e 705 e 426 229 50 e 1150 748 402 -
2008e
1976
1251 672 53 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-0.5
-0.6 -0.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -
2014 e
1309 e 705 e -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Canada 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
31683 31683 -29137 -2546 368407 368407 -
260 260 -260 3024 3024 -
3 3 -3 31 31 -
2 2 -2 26 26 -
89 e 89 89 89 89 e -
73 73 -19 -20 -35 102 27 75 1174 426 748
Canada 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
39 39 -10 -11 -19 55 15 40 631 229 402
10675 10675 -1726 8949 7096 7096 1853 1853 7528 7528 -
150 150 -128 -11 -1 10 5 4 1 5 5 712 668 44 50 50 -
e e
e e e
17 e 17 -17 e 58 58 e -
414 257 -10 661 661 661 661 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
43405 258 -10 43653 -29402 -4446 -11 -31 -54 -1 9710 7190 4 90 7096 662 662 1858 1853 5 379943 379784 159 1855 705 1150
10.5% 0.3% 16.2% x x x x x x 4.7% 12.5% 0.1% 7.7% 49.9% 1.1% 1.5% 2.8% 5.8% 0.0% 59.4% 60.3% 1.6% 5.2% 2.1% 100.0%
Canada 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 1563 1563 1563 1563 e
1995
3622 3622 3622 3622 e
2000
3162 3162 3162 3162 e
2005
3543 3543 3543 3543 3231 3231 3231 e
2006
3725 3725 3725 3725 3071 3071 3071 e
2007
3725 3725 3725 3725 3071 3071 3071 e
2008e
3800 3800 .. .. 3100 3100 .. -
90-07
5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 -
Solar thermal (TJ)


e e
e e
e e
e e
e e
e e

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 2524 e 2524 e 2524 e 3231 e 3231 e 3231 e 3231 e 3231 e 3231 e -
Canada 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 1359 e 1359 e 1359 e 340703 340703 36758 e 303945 236650 67295 276 e 276 e 276 e -
1995
1740 e 1740 e 1740 e 408164 408164 52464 e 355700 282976 72724 516 e 516 e 516 e -
2000
1740 e 1740 e 1740 e 467640 467640 70704 e 396936 320138 76798 7091 e 7091 e 7091 e 696 e 696 e 696 e -
2005
1740 1740 1740 490194 490194 79665 410529 325697 84832 e
2006
1654 1654 1654 468866 468866 75167 393699 316099 77600 7342 e 7342 e 7342 e 696 e 696 e 696 e -
2007
1654 1654 1654 447008 447008 -1 72265 374744 297144 77600 6286 6286 5808 50 428 222 206 e
2008e
1700 1700 .. 450000 450000 .. .. .. .. .. 6300 6300 .. .. .. .. .. 700 700 .. -
90-07
1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 x 4.1 1.2 1.3 0.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 -
e e
e e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 7342 e 7342 e 7342 e 696 e 696 e 696 e -
e e e e e e
Sludge gas (TJ)

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 696 e 696 e 696 e -
Canada 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
144000 64000 208000 208000 208000 e e e e
2005
201263 64850 266113 113 266000 266000 193 193 193 -
2006
203255 12454 215709 -291 216000 216000 269 269 269 -
2007
646345 386654 1032999 -1 1033000 1033000 681 681 -319 1000 1000 -
2008e
689000 387000 1076000 .. .. .. 1000 1000 .. .. .. -
90-07
x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Czech Republic
Tables
Graphs
Czech Republic Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Oil 17.9% Gas 10.8% Hydro 100.0% Nuclear 6.7% Renewables 0.2%
Coal 64.5%
TPES(1)
49 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Gas 15.6% Waste 0.4% Oil 20.9% Nuclear 15.0% Other(3) 0.7% Renewables 4.7% Hydro 8.4%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 91.6% Biogas 3.9% Liquid Biomass 1.6% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 90.9% Renew. Mun. Waste 3.0%
Coal 46.5%
TPES(1)
46 Mtoe

4.5 4 3.5 3 TWh 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Czech Republic 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
40.90 0.60
2000
40.25 0.61
2005
44.90 1.79
2006
45.85 1.93
2007
45.76 2.14
2008e
45.45 2.14
90-07
-0.4 19.8

48.75 0.10
0.2
55.30 0.88 124 10.36 4.70 62.3
1.5
52.69 0.78 109 10.33 3.96 60.6
1.5
56.72 0.71 100 10.27 3.92 72.9
4.0
68.15 0.66 93 10.23 4.39 81.9
4.2
72.77 0.63 89 10.27 4.47 83.7
4.7
77.10 0.59 84 10.32 4.43 87.8
4.7
80.50 0.56 80 10.28 4.42 83.2
20.2
2.0 -2.3 -2.3 -0.0 -0.4 2.0

1.16 1.9
2.3
2.41 4.0
2.5
2.28 3.1
3.9
3.13 3.8
5.5
3.52 4.2
5.7
3.41 3.9
6.0
3.73 4.5
..
6.5 4.4
5.7
0.02 0.6
0.06 1.6
0.00 0.0
0.02 0.3
0.03 0.5
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
1399 1399 491 -
2000
2098 2097 1145 1 -
2005
3417 2167 1147 29 3 1182 36 85
2006
3824 2175 1147 1 44 3 1558 43 105
2007
4047 2176 1147 4 114 3 1700 50 130
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
6.4 2.6 -
1410 e 1410 e -

60
74
91
..
Czech Republic 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1449 e 1449 e 288 e -
1995
2695
2274 272 16 302 103 2312 2274 272 27 11 383 16 275 92 -
2000
3036
2313 555 201 2 3 382 135 2488 2313 555 13 135 27 548 188 2 3 247 108 -
2005
3786
3027 647 21 11 7 560 160 3307 3027 647 21 206 53 479 11 7 354 107 -
2006
4234
3257 707 1 49 12 7 731 177 3659 3257 707 1 49 288 64 575 12 7 443 113 -
2007
3852
2523 434 2 125 11 8 968 215 3092 2523 434 2 125 372 70 760 11 8 596 145 -
2008e
4083
2376 350 13 245 12 8 1167 262 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
5.9
3.3 2.4 4.6 3.3 2.4 -
1449 e
1449 e 288 e -
Czech Republic 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
2415
928 1090 397 1539 203 939 397 876 725 151 -
2000
7740
2473 832 832 3219 384 7200 2292 832 832 2934 310 540 181 285 74 -
2005
5280
393 1554 1036 2194 103 3250 29 824 549 1757 91 2030 364 730 487 437 12 -
2006
4417
113 1578 1051 1581 94 2508 26 801 534 1067 80 1909 87 777 517 514 14 -
2007
4510
108 1557 1038 1678 129 2477 28 816 544 960 129 2033 80 741 494 718 -
2008e
4642
100 1580 1080 1720 162 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
292
292
2006
183
183
2007
237
85 152
2008e
230
80 150
90-07
-
Czech Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
180 180 -131 -49 2089 2089 -
11 11 -11 125 125 -
2 2 -
4 4 4 4 3 1 -
127 127 -1 -5 121 110 7 103 11 11 108 28 80
57 57 -13 -13 -19 13 13 13 12 12 1557 816 741
Czech Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
38 38 -9 -9 -12 9 8 8 8 8 1038 544 494
1947 23 -188 1782 -90 -19 -99 -18 -5 1552 404 1 5 1 274 109 4 1 8 1149 1113 21 15 968 372 596 1678 960 718
31 31 -10 -8 -12 1 1 1 97 70 27 69 69 -
31 31 -1 -10 20 1 1 19 19 74 74 20 20 -
14 14 -2 -7 5 5 5 44 44 40 40 -
17 -11 -6 1 -1 -
73 7 -48 -2 30 30 30 30 -
2530 30 -247 -8 2306 -1 -242 -57 -44 -151 -18 -41 1755 515 7 104 5 2 274 109 4 1 8 30 30 1210 1116 74 20 3419 2658 761 4510 2477 2033
7.5% 0.1% 2.7% x 5.0% x x x x x x x 6.5% 6.1% 0.5% 8.2% 0.6% 0.3% 41.5% 53.4% 2.0% 0.5% 1.2% 0.5% 0.5% 12.7% 19.1% 2.5% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 3.7% 2.6% 8.0%
Czech Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors -
1995
1162 e 1162 e 1162 -
2000
5528 5528 5105 423 398 25 1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501
2005
103 103 103 103 5468 5468 606 4862 4621 241 2444 2444 1915 529 8 521
2006
128 128 128 128 4891 4891 268 4623 4421 202 2385 2385 1880 505 14 491
2007
152 152 152 152 5303 5303 256 5047 4604 443 2406 2406 1859 547 16 531
2008e
198 198 198 .. 5300 5300 .. .. .. .. 2412 2412 .. .. .. ..
90-07
x -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Czech Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors -
1995
16009 16009 3506 12503 12503 1417 1417 1417 e
2000
1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501 13372 13372 7974 5398 5346 52 1509 1509 1427 82 19 63
2005
1630 1630 1277 353 6 347 64359 -3240 61119 6753 54366 16019 38347 900 900 896 4 4 1315 1315 525 790 47 743
2006
1591 1591 1254 337 10 327 71840 -6172 65668 7636 58032 16585 41447 1029 1029 1027 2 2 1303 1303 402 901 39 862
2007
1603 1603 1239 364 10 354 81548 -6943 74605 9598 65007 16904 48103 1297 1297 1265 32 32 1303 1303 462 841 38 803
2008e
1608 1608 .. .. .. .. 78510 -8510 70000 .. .. .. .. 1300 1300 .. .. .. 1350 1350 .. .. .. ..
90-07
x -
e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Czech Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
11800 6000 17800 -200 18000 18000 -
2000
67200 3128 70328 328 70000 70000 -
2005
120 120 47 73 73 126894 -123725 3169 169 3000 3000 -
2006
325 325 207 118 118 1790 -9 1781 -219 2000 2000 110152 -87953 -2971 19228 228 19000 19000 -
2007
589 589 381 208 208 26509 -17027 -9195 287 287 81806 -45233 -1627 34946 946 34000 34000 -
2008e
1200 1200 .. .. .. 60236 -4505 503 56234 .. 76672 12305 2617 91594 .. .. .. 913 913 -
90-07
x x x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Denmark
Tables
Graphs
Denmark Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 10.5% Oil 44.0% Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Renewables 6.3% Hydro 0.2% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.6% Biogas 1.8%
Coal 35.1%
Other(3) 5.2%
TPES(1)
17 Mtoe

Gas 20.7% Non-Renew. Waste 1.1% Renewables 17.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 80.8% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 69.8%
Biogas 3.5%
Oil 37.9%
Hydro 0.1% Coal 23.7% Other(3) 19.1%
Liquid Biomass 0.2% Renew. Mun. Waste 26.6%
TPES(1)
20 Mtoe

12 10 8 TWh 6 4 2 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Denmark 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
19.43 1.41
2000
18.58 1.96
2005
18.80 3.02
2006
20.08 3.06
2007
19.65 3.35
2008e
19.18 3.34
90-07
0.7 6.8

17.34 1.09
6.3
123.89 0.14 121 5.14 3.37 26.0
7.3
139.06 0.14 120 5.23 3.72 36.7
10.6
160.08 0.12 100 5.34 3.48 36.0
16.1
170.38 0.11 95 5.42 3.47 36.2
15.2
176.08 0.11 98 5.44 3.69 45.6
17.1
178.98 0.11 95 5.46 3.60 39.2
17.4
176.60 0.11 94 5.47 3.50 36.4
6.0
2.2 -1.4 -1.4 0.4 0.4 2.4

0.83 3.2
3.1
1.98 5.4
3.5
5.85 16.2
3.7
10.22 28.2
4.0
9.60 21.1
4.2
10.67 27.2
4.4
10.42 28.6
..
16.2 13.4
2.1
0.00 0.1
0.01 0.1
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
909 10 616 150 110 23 144
2000
2760 10 1 2392 230 86 41 246
2005
4098 11 3 3129 306 584 65 321
2006
3962 9 3 3135 299 455 61 337
2007
3761 9 3 3124 233 333 59 357
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
13.9 -0.6 13.9 13.3 6.6 11.4
413 10 343 40 20 57
40
101
172
225
236
250
..
11.4
Denmark 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 638 28 610 210 44 18 108 40 -
1995
2117
30 1177 455 139 208 108 1217 30 1177 8 2 900 455 139 200 106 -
2000
6127
30 1 4241 959 276 411 209 4275 30 1 4241 3 1852 959 276 411 206 -
2005
10627
23 2 6614 1408 405 1894 281 6641 23 2 6614 2 3986 1408 405 1894 279 -
2006
10012
23 2 6108 1421 409 1777 272 6135 23 2 6108 2 3877 1421 409 1777 270 -
2007
11062
28 2 7173 1367 393 1828 271 7205 28 2 7173 2 3857 1367 393 1828 269 -
2008e
10815
26 2 6928 1367 393 1828 271 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
16.3
15.6 22.4 19.9 18.1 11.9 15.3 15.6 18.7 22.4 19.9 18.1 11.9 -
848
28 610 44 18 108 40 -
Denmark 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 882 328 132 319 103 18636 48 6 8213 3291 7054 24 -
1995
25273
47 6 11527 3534 9693 466 8659 5026 1541 1754 338 16614 47 6 6501 1993 7939 128 -
2000
31100
58 24 14930 4296 10889 903 16998 10187 2931 3189 691 14102 58 24 4743 1365 7700 212 -
2005
45501
66 53 18487 5320 20417 1158 31507 15948 4589 9936 1034 13994 66 53 2539 731 10481 124 -
2006
44832
267 47 18564 5342 19636 976 30851 16632 4786 8614 819 13981 267 47 1932 556 11022 157 -
2007
45620
287 50 19269 5545 19491 978 32069 17122 4927 9239 781 13551 287 50 2147 618 10252 197 -
2008e
50449
250 50 19269 5545 24349 986 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
5.1
11.1 13.3 4.9 2.9 5.9 12.8 23.5 26.2 23.7 21.9 12.7 -1.9 11.1 13.3 -7.6 -9.4 2.2 13.2 -
19518
48 6 8541 3423 7373 127 -
1990
Total heat
1995
2700
135 58 2623
2000
3624
78 76 3622
2005
3114
72 68 3110
2006
3074
81 79 3072
2007
3324
89 86 3321
2008e
3302
96 94 3300
90-07
-
Denmark 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
2 2 -2 28 28 -
617 617 -617 7173 7173 -
2 2 -
14 14 -14 287 287
11 11 -1 10 10 7 2 50 50
720 720 -1 -209 -397 -9 -58 45 22 18 1 1 2 23 23 1367 1367 19269 17122 2147
Denmark 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
207 207 -60 -114 -3 -17 13 6 5 1 6 6 393 393 5545 4927 618
1441 448 1889 -5 -503 -26 -248 -10 1097 93 4 12 49 27 1004 932 24 48 1828 1828 19491 9239 10252
10 10 -1 -4 4 4 4 24 2 22 56 44 12
21 21 -7 -2 11 11 11 30 30 126 52 74
63 63 -33 -15 -3 12 3 3 8 1 8 217 217 796 685 111
6 6 6 6 6 -
88 -88 -
3194 454 -88 3560 -6 -619 -806 -563 -278 -87 1198 124 23 4 16 1 49 30 6 6 1066 939 71 56 11062 7205 3857 45620 32069 13551
11.8% 3.2% 0.5% 18.1% x x x x x x 7.9% 4.3% 3.5% 1.3% 2.1% 0.7% 50.5% 12.0% 0.1% 0.1% 14.7% 21.3% 3.6% 8.4% 28.3% 99.6% 12.1% 37.6% 33.0% 56.3%
Denmark 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 96 e 96 e 96 e 100 100 1 6 93 93 11065 11065 1 10392 672 19 653
1995
94 e 94 e 94 e 213 213 2 6 205 205 17533 17533 1 16535 997 21 976
2000
116 e 116 e 116 e 331 331 24 307 307 23601 23601 -1 22380 1222 124 1098
2005
132 132 132 412 412 53 359 359 29348 29348 58 27245 2045 962 1083
2006
534 534 534 428 428 47 381 381 30104 30104 56 27814 2234 940 1294
2007
575 575 575 461 461 50 411 411 30133 30133 56 28193 1884 940 944
2008e
500 500 500 485 485 50 435 .. 30981 30981 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
11.1 11.1 11.1 9.4 9.4 x 13.3 9.1 9.1 6.1 6.1 x 6.0 6.3 25.8 2.2
Solar thermal (TJ)



Denmark 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 4434 4434 4165 269 8 261 31472 31472 1 9033 22438 4715 17723 39 39 39 458 458 258 200 200
1995
5374 5374 2 5068 304 5 299 34913 233 35146 -3 12024 23125 4229 18896 414 414 1 359 54 32 22 598 598 -1 454 145 145
2000
6790 6790 6438 352 36 316 37324 2466 39790 14584 25206 4450 20756 613 613 526 37 50 21 29 857 857 568 289 289
2005
8444 8444 16 7839 589 277 312 52756 16286 69042 2 33298 35742 3604 32138 542 542 474 68 68 913 913 1 510 402 402
2006
8661 8661 16 8002 643 271 372 53949 17038 70987 -1 31988 39000 3696 35304 443 443 1 353 89 89 879 879 -1 390 490 490
2007
8670 8670 14 8113 543 271 272 60336 18766 79102 213 32963 45926 3884 42042 426 426 248 178 178 865 865 -1 387 479 479
2008e
8585 8585 .. .. .. .. .. 59779 18766 78545 .. .. .. .. .. 451 451 .. .. .. 915 915 .. .. .. ..
90-07
4.0 4.0 x 4.0 4.2 23.0 0.2 3.9 5.6 x 7.9 4.3 -1.1 5.2 15.1 15.1 x 11.5 3.8 3.8 x 2.4 5.3 5.3
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Denmark 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 266 266 242 24 24 -
1995
746 746 1 642 5 98 94 4 -
2000
1442 1442 2 1348 4 88 12 76 -
2005
2375 2375 2137 238 150 88 71000 -71000 -
2006
2597 2597 2122 475 137 338 6000 6000 6000 6000 98000 -98000 -
2007
2623 2623 2131 492 145 347 9000 9000 9000 9000 98000 -98000 -
2008e
2784 2784 .. .. .. .. 7877 7877 .. .. 98000 -98000 -
90-07
14.4 14.4 x 13.7 19.4 11.2 -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Finland
Tables
Graphs
Finland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 7.7% Nuclear 17.6% Hydro 17.0% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.8% Renew. Mun. Waste 0.2%
Renewables 19.3%
Oil 33.3%
Coal 14.4%
TPES
(1)
28 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.4% Gas 10.2% Nuclear 16.7% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 85.4%
Renewables 23.2%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 97.9% Hydro 14.4% Other(3) 0.2%
Biogas 0.6%
Oil 26.7%
Coal 13.1%
TPES(1)
36 Mtoe

30 25 20 TWh 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Finland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
28.92 6.13
2000
32.11 7.72
2005
33.96 7.95
2006
36.97 8.53
2007
36.47 8.46
2008e
34.80 8.67
90-07
1.5 2.6

28.38 5.49
19.3
100.29 0.28 107 4.99 5.69 54.4
21.2
96.54 0.30 114 5.11 5.66 64.0
24.1
121.87 0.26 100 5.18 6.20 70.0
23.4
138.02 0.25 93 5.25 6.48 70.6
23.1
144.72 0.26 97 5.27 7.02 82.3
23.2
151.26 0.24 91 5.29 6.90 81.2
24.9
152.10 0.23 87 5.28 6.59 77.1
1.1
2.4 -0.9 -0.9 0.3 1.1 2.4

16.02 29.5
3.6
19.55 30.5
3.5
23.27 33.3
3.6
23.45 33.2
4.0
22.42 27.2
4.0
24.30 29.9
4.1
26.34 34.1
..
2.5 0.1
0.8
0.00 0.0
0.00 0.0
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
3930 e 2777 1 6 1146 e 7
2000
4423 2882 3 38 1500 10
2005
4841 3035 4 82 1720 16
2006
4883 3062 5 86 1730 18
2007
4974 3102 5 110 1757 19
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.9 1.0 3.5 7.0
3604 2621 983 6

11
13
13
..
7.2
Finland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 11348 e 10859 489 e 4667 e 4667 e -
1995
19545
12925 1 11 6608 13058 12925 1 11 121 6487 6487 -
2000
23621 e
14660 2 78 324 35 e 24 e 8476 22 15205 e 14660 2 78 50 1 e 1 e 413 8416 e 274 34 e 23 e 8063 22 -
2005
23621
13784 3 170 56 230 117 9239 22 15144 13784 3 170 1 53 29 1103 1 8477 55 177 88 8136 21 -
2006
22560
11494 3 156 46 205 90 10539 27 13268 11494 3 156 56 26 1532 1 9292 46 149 64 9007 26 -
2007
24468
14177 4 188 39 244 126 9661 29 15533 14177 4 188 71 43 1049 1 8935 39 173 83 8612 28 -
2008e
26502
17113 4 262 36 245 127 8686 29 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
2.5
1.6 3.8 1.9 1.6 4.6 3.9 3.7 -
16015 e
10859 5156 e -
Finland 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1275 e 1275 e 3750 e 423 e 282 e 3045 e -
1995
6593
285 e 190 e 6118 2836 2836 3757 285 e 190 e 3282 -
2000
22554
5755 583 e 320 e 15731 165 14390 1423 233 e 86 e 12628 20 8164 4332 350 e 234 e 3103 145 -
2005
36179
503 1879 897 31973 927 28417 479 1539 715 25580 104 7762 24 340 182 6393 823 -
2006
59996
503 1666 732 56340 755 50555 482 1403 562 47984 124 9441 21 263 170 8356 631 -
2007
53628
414 1869 935 49600 810 44330 377 1613 737 41567 36 9298 37 256 198 8033 774 -
2008e
51466
400 1860 900 47500 806 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
14.9
9.1 7.3 15.4 23.2 22.7 5.5 -2.9 -2.1 5.9 -
5025 e
423 e 282 e 4320 e -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
1
5 4 -
2005
3436
10 4 3430
2006
9137
10 4 9131
2007
9610
179 68 9499
2008e
8113
185 72 8000
90-07
-
Finland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
1219 1219 -1219 14177 14177 -
16 16 -16 188 188 -
4 4 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
46 46 -1 -23 -1 20 19 1 2 10 5 1 1 39 39 414 377 37
110 110 -15 -57 -9 -8 22 22 16 2 3 244 71 173 1869 1613 256
Finland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
52 52 -9 -25 -6 -6 6 6 6 126 43 83 935 737 198
7148 -75 7073 -161 -91 -1353 -794 -212 -12 4449 3289 6 1 5 3180 89 7 1161 974 64 122 9661 1049 8612 49600 41567 8033
31 31 -4 -19 8 8 8 28 28 777 36 741
10 10 -1 9 7 7 2 2 1 1 33 33
1 1 1 1 1 -
8633 1 -75 8559 -1 -1420 -91 -1439 -832 -247 -12 4516 3351 7 3 5 3212 91 30 1 1 1165 975 65 122 2 24468 15533 8935 53628 44330 9298
54.1% 1.1% 23.5% x x x x x x x 16.9% 27.3% 0.7% 0.7% 1.4% 42.6% 18.2% 9.2% 0.0% 0.0% 13.7% 19.5% 3.6% 16.3% 0.2% 30.1% 29.1% 32.0% 27.6% 30.5% 19.0%
Finland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 16 16 16 16 470 e 470 e 470 e -
1995
17 17 17 17 292 e 292 e 292 e -
2000
16 16 16 16 8660 8660 7868 792 739 53 1137 1137 804 333 333 e
2005
20 20 20 20 2192 2192 1288 904 854 50 4543 4543 3575 968 968 -
2006
26 26 26 26 2202 2202 1337 865 815 50 3824 3824 3215 609 609 -
2007
26 26 26 26 1914 1914 25 1037 852 802 50 4614 4614 3707 907 907 -
2008e
28 28 28 .. 1750 1750 .. .. .. .. .. 4620 4620 .. .. .. -
90-07
2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 x 14.4 14.4 12.9 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



e e
e e
Finland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 314 e 314 e 314 e 180437 9847 190284 42843 147441 102741 44700 -
1995
195 e 195 e 195 e 209171 519 209690 44581 165109 120409 44700 -
2000
758 758 536 222 222 268404 268404 63138 205266 159966 45300 288 288 204 84 84 463 463 89 374 274 100 e
2005
2044 2044 1772 272 272 279626 -3266 276360 88251 188109 139794 48315 1290 1290 1065 225 225 456 456 81 375 275 100
2006
1780 1780 1438 342 342 313204 -3258 309946 126174 183772 134573 49199 1091 1091 906 185 185 435 435 87 348 248 100
2007
2159 2159 1906 253 253 299324 -3140 296184 109869 186315 137715 48600 1317 1317 990 327 327 430 430 49 381 281 100
2008e
2180 2180 .. .. .. 296634 -3660 292974 .. .. .. .. 1320 1320 .. .. .. 440 440 .. .. .. ..
90-07
12.0 12.0 11.2 3.0 x 2.6 5.7 1.4 1.7 0.5 -
e e
e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Finland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
1184 1184 184 1000 1000 -
2007
2447 2447 447 2000 2000 125 125 125 -
2008e
39509 39509 .. .. .. 1000 1000 .. -
90-07
x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

France
Tables
Graphs
France Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Gas 11.6% Nuclear 36.5% Hydro 29.3% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 94.1% Biogas 0.7% Renew. Mun. Waste 5.2%
Other(3) 1.1%
Oil 37.4% Coal 9.0%
Renewables 7.0%
TPES(1)
224 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.4% Nuclear 43.5% Gas 14.6% Hydro 28.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 75.5%
Other(3) 3.1%
Oil 31.6% Coal 5.1%
Renewables 6.7%
TPES
(1)
264 Mtoe

90 80 70 60 TWh 50 40 30 20 10 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
France 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
237.37 17.73
2000
253.22 17.24
2005
271.41 16.30
2006
267.71 16.90
2007
263.72 17.80
2008e
266.92 18.83
90-07
1.0 0.7

224.48 15.81
7.0
1091.83 0.21 108 58.17 3.86 417.2
7.5
1156.28 0.21 108 59.42 3.99 491.1
6.8
1327.96 0.19 100 60.75 4.17 536.1
6.0
1442.29 0.19 99 62.82 4.32 571.5
6.3
1473.60 0.18 95 63.20 4.24 569.3
6.7
1505.62 0.18 92 63.57 4.15 564.4
7.1
1517.50 0.18 92 63.95 4.17 569.9
-0.2
1.9 -0.9 -0.9 0.5 0.4 1.8

55.79 13.4
36.3
75.32 15.3
39.0
70.27 13.1
42.2
56.58 9.9
42.0
62.18 10.9
42.2
66.54 11.8
42.6
74.02 13.0
..
1.0 -0.7
1.0
0.16 0.4
0.34 0.8
0.40 1.0
0.77 1.8
1.46 3.4
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
25232 24987 4292 2 240 3 590
2000
25427 25123 4302 7 240 57 513
2005
27055 25109 4303 13 240 723 668 228 74 593
2006
27845 25125 4303 15 240 1412 732 232 89 768
2007
28744 25132 4303 25 240 2220 735 297 95 979
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.8 0.1 0.0 3.3
24987 24747 4293 240 566
396
413
359
415
538
685
..
3.3
France 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 58377 e 57331 3527 571 222 e 221 e 32 1157 1116 41 -
1995
78689
75922 2997 1 568 5 371 371 1368 83 76630 75922 2997 1 568 5 46 46 42 2059 325 325 1368 41 -
2000
76033
71817 4680 5 573 77 1081 1081 1090 309 73979 71817 4680 5 573 77 487 487 278 255 2054 594 594 812 54 -
2005
62936
56457 4705 10 534 962 1655 1655 1157 506 60897 56457 4705 10 534 962 1061 1061 343 469 2039 594 594 814 37 -
2006
69070
61421 5281 12 519 2189 1614 1614 1150 551 67167 61421 5281 12 519 2189 1084 1084 344 514 1903 530 530 806 37 -
2007
73763
63662 5475 16 519 4052 1753 1753 1370 638 71631 63662 5475 16 519 4052 1108 1108 568 598 2132 645 645 802 40 -
2008e
80505
68423 4599 36 513 5710 1887 1887 1357 692 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
1.3
0.6 2.6 -0.6 12.9 13.0 1.2 13.6 1.2 0.6 2.6 -0.6 9.9 9.9 18.8 3.7 -1.9 -0.1 -
59534 e
57331 3527 571 222 e 221 e 1116 73 -
France 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 19997 9999 e 9998 e -
1995
23048
11524 e 11524 e 16237 8119 e 8118 e 6811 3405 e 3406 e -
2000
23992
11996 11996 17814 8907 8907 6178 3089 3089 -
2005
21634
10817 10817 16100 8050 8050 5534 2767 2767 -
2006
18866
9433 9433 14006 7003 7003 4860 2430 2430 -
2007
18948
9474 9474 14184 7092 7092 4764 2382 2382 -
2008e
20010
10005 10005 .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-0.3
-0.3 -0.3 -8.1 -8.1 -8.1 -
19997
9999 e 9998 e -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
France 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
5004 5004 -4926 -78 58187 58187 -
348 348 -333 -16 4052 4052 -
45 45 -45 519 519 -
1 1 -1 -1 16 16 -
130 130 130 130 91 30 9 -
35 35 35 35 32 4 -
1141 1141 -7 -323 -96 -319 -21 -82 294 294 294 1753 1108 645 9474 7092 2382
France 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
1141 1141 -7 -323 -96 -319 -21 -82 294 294 294 1753 1108 645 9474 7092 2382
9233 9233 -102 -147 8983 1693 97 573 1023 7290 7250 40 1370 568 802 -
325 325 -299 26 26 26 577 577 -
51 51 -8 -4 40 40 40 53 21 32 -
27 27 -1 26 23 23 3 3 8 8 -
264 264 15 279 279 279 -
881 322 -9 1194 -8 1186 1186 1186 -
18626 322 -9 18939 7 -5319 -1150 -192 -790 -42 -164 11293 1716 120 573 1023 1465 1465 8112 7373 691 49 68288 66156 2132 18948 14184 4764
13.8% 0.2% 0.0% 7.2% x x x x x x x 6.9% 5.5% 2.6% 21.4% 81.3% 3.2% 3.4% 11.2% 17.8% 3.3% 1.9% 12.1% 12.2% 8.9% 11.8% 9.1% 100.0%
France 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 4624 4624 4624 4624 814 814 814 814 23991 e 23991 e 23991 e -
1995
5523 5523 5523 5523 820 820 820 820 30185 30185 26954 3231 3231 e
2000
5275 5275 5275 5275 693 693 693 693 38877 38877 32519 6358 6358
2005
5442 5442 5442 5442 885 885 885 885 47695 47695 -1 37722 9974 9974
2006
5442 5442 5442 5442 1153 1153 1153 1153 46041 46041 35225 10816 10816
2007
5442 5442 5442 5442 1485 1485 1485 1485 47801 47801 35485 12316 12316
2008e
4777 4777 4777 .. 1839 1839 1839 .. 48732 48732 .. .. ..
90-07
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.1 x 2.3 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



e e
France 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 23991 e 23991 e 23991 e 433599 433599 6780 426819 62328 364491 232 e 232 e 207 e 25 25 2457 2457 474 1983 1983
1995
30184 30184 26953 3231 3231 430983 430983 9172 421811 63581 358230 326 326 293 33 33 2439 2439 470 1969 1969 e
2000
38877 38877 32519 6358 6358 409606 409606 -1 7019 402588 64700 337888 5791 5791 5212 579 579 2419 2419 466 1953 1953
2005
47695 47695 -1 37722 9974 9974 405497 405497 8974 396523 68364 328159 10655 10655 1 9802 852 852 2295 2295 525 1770 1770
2006
46041 46041 35225 10816 10816 397515 397515 8922 388593 69437 319156 12212 12212 11235 977 977 2226 2226 510 1716 1716
2007
47801 47801 35485 12316 12316 386626 386626 10435 376191 70897 305294 13606 13606 12518 1088 1088 2146 2146 491 1655 1655
2008e
48732 48732 .. .. .. 370126 370126 .. .. .. .. 8217 8217 .. .. .. 2177 2177 .. .. ..
90-07
4.1 4.1 x 2.3 -0.7 -0.7 x 2.6 -0.7 0.8 -1.0 27.1 27.1 x 27.3 24.9 24.9 -0.8 -0.8 0.2 -1.1 -1.1
e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

France 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
666 666 35 631 518 113 38000 38000 38000 38000 153377 153377 377 153000 153000 -
2000
913 913 31 882 738 144 92500 92500 1500 91000 91000 299881 8394 308275 275 308000 308000 -
2005
1057 1057 1 16 1040 907 133 117243 117243 7243 110000 110000 429449 -60962 368487 4487 364000 364000 -
2006
1104 1104 -1 20 1085 939 146 231614 231614 8614 223000 223000 591697 39384 631081 -57919 689000 689000 -
2007
1144 1144 39 1105 960 145 412700 412700 -23300 436000 436000 974400 345700 1320100 9100 1311000 1311000 -
2008e
1305 1305 .. .. .. .. 586740 45460 632200 .. .. .. 1821920 341580 2163500 .. .. .. -
90-07
7.3 7.3 x 1.4 7.7 6.8 x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Germany
Tables
Graphs
Germany Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Non-Renew. Gas 15.6% Waste 0.3% Nuclear 11.3% Renewables 1.5%
Hydro 28.2%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 77.5% Biogas 7.7% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 71.4%
Other(3) 0.5%
Oil 34.6%
Coal 36.6%
TPES(1)
351 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.7% Gas 23.1% Nuclear 11.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 77.0% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 52.5%
Renewables 7.9% Hydro 6.9%
Biogas 11.9%
Oil 31.5% Coal 26.2%
Other(3) 16.1%
TPES(1)
331 Mtoe

120 100 80 TWh 60 40 20 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Germany 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
337.05 6.09
2000
337.29 9.09
2005
338.69 16.73
2006
341.24 19.86
2007
331.26 26.15
2008e
334.84 25.77
90-07
-0.3 9.8

351.40 5.32
1.5
1543.20 0.23 128 79.36 4.43 547.7
1.8
1720.46 0.20 110 81.66 4.13 532.8
2.7
1900.22 0.18 100 82.19 4.10 572.3
4.9
1957.80 0.17 97 82.46 4.11 613.4
5.8
2015.76 0.17 95 82.37 4.14 629.4
7.9
2065.35 0.16 90 82.26 4.03 629.5
7.7
2092.10 0.16 90 82.31 4.07 626.7
10.2
1.7 -2.0 -2.0 0.2 -0.6 0.8

19.09 3.5
50.5
25.93 4.9
54.1
35.48 6.2
56.3
61.63 10.0
51.6
70.49 11.2
52.4
89.64 14.2
51.3
91.61 14.6
..
9.5 8.6
0.1
0.03 0.1
0.22 0.4
1.95 3.8
3.47 6.6
3.99 7.8
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
11342 8876 4528 18 1137 494 e 509 79 229 1426
2000
17135 e 8982 e 4654 e 114 6095 885 e 585 129 345 2890
2005
31782 e 8341 4198 1 1508 18428 4 e 1256 1008 1074 162 7197
2006
36572 8995 4854 1 2831 20622 14 1369 1094 1409 237 8610
2007
39410 8587 5223 2 3811 22247 137 e 1301 1400 1665 397 9510
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
10.0 1.3 55.9 43.5 -3.5 5.2 27.7 18.8 21.4
7815 6851 2 48 253 e 550 22 e 89 e 350
245
998
2023
5038
6027
6657
..
21.4
Germany 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 25049 19791 2365 1 71 2373 1219 1218 129 247 -
1995
35665
26250 4470 7 1712 3915 1348 1348 496 589 35665 26250 4470 7 1712 3915 1348 1348 496 589 -
2000
45495
25962 4230 e 60 9352 3946 1844 1844 804 1683 45495 25962 4230 e 60 9352 3946 1844 1844 804 1683 -
2005
71817
26717 7136 1282 27229 18 3038 3038 4647 4708 1140 55246 26717 7136 1282 27229 18 16571 3038 3038 4647 4708 1140
2006
81569
27304 7373 2220 30710 70 3639 3639 6518 6155 1314 60304 27304 7373 2220 30710 70 21265 3639 3639 6518 6155 1314
2007
102008
28458 7554 3075 39713 683 4130 4130 10381 8520 2918 95731 28458 7554 3075 39713 69 3105 3105 8980 7388 1838 6277 614 1025 1025 1401 1132 1080
2008e
103217
27421 6521 18 4000 40400 600 4489 4489 10400 8600 2800 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
8.6
2.2 7.1 60.4 45.1 -7.1 7.4 7.4 29.4 23.2 8.2 2.2 7.1 60.4 45.1 -18.8 5.7 5.7 28.3 22.1 -
25049
19791 2365 1 71 2373 1219 1218 129 247 -
Germany 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 19771 10874 8897 -
1995
21224 e
11460 e 9376 388 21224 e 11460 e 9376 388 -
2000
19368
10652 8716 19368 10652 8716 -
2005
43313
450 16890 16891 8026 1022 34 35328 15015 15016 4631 663 3 7985 450 1875 1875 3395 359 31
2006
44810
577 17679 17679 7827 973 75 37934 16432 16432 4398 609 63 6876 577 1247 1247 3429 364 12
2007
76403
576 5905 17218 17218 17193 1633 16660 68099 5673 15380 15380 15587 1246 14833 8304 576 232 1838 1838 1606 387 1827
2008e
77981
636 6023 17563 17563 17537 1665 16994 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
8.3
2.7 4.0 7.5 2.1 3.3 -
19771
10874 8897 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Germany 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
1798 1798 -1766 -32 20904 20904 -
3415 3415 -3415 .. 39713 39713 -
264 264 -264 3075 3075 -
212 212 -28 184 184 184 576 576
315 315 315 315 303 12 -
296 296 -18 -269 -9 683 69 614 5905 5673 232
1959 1959 -1335 -569 -55 4130 3105 1025 17218 15380 1838
Germany 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
1959 1959 -1335 -569 -55 4130 3105 1025 17218 15380 1838
10576 10576 -3036 -256 -254 -567 -26 -29 6409 1442 1442 4967 4967 10381 8980 1401 17193 15587 1606
277 277 -254 -16 -6 1008 976 32 365 193 172
398 398 -320 -7 -2 -69 983 1 982 215 161 54
1728 1728 -1668 -2 -9 -44 -2 -4 6529 6411 118 1053 892 161
295 3 -1 297 -1 296 296 296 -
3715 1 -18 3698 -1 3698 3698 3698 -
1208 1208 -374 -116 -17 -629 -73 2918 1838 1080 16660 14833 1827
28415 4 -19 28400 -2 -13447 -424 -1754 -1516 -172 -117 -69 10902 1442 1442 3994 3994 5466 5454 12 94454 88177 6277 76403 68099 8304
20.7% 0.0% 8.6% x x x x x x x x 4.7% 2.5% 9.7% 7.2% 7.8% 5.8% 9.5% 0.1% 15.0% 16.0% 8.1% 9.7% 10.7% 5.6%
Germany 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 292 e 292 292 292 466 466 466 466 20526 e 20526 e 20526 e 23512 e 23512 e 23512 e -
1995
5130 5130 5130 5130 1584 1584 1584 1584 37719 e 37719 e 37719 e 24622 e 24622 e 24622 e -
2000
5159 5159 5159 5159 4603 4603 4603 4603 43047 e 43047 e 43047 e 29674 e 29674 e 29674 e -
2005
6208 e 6208 e 908 e 5300 5300 10179 10179 10179 10179 196 196 196 34782 34782 34782 -
2006
7560 e 7560 e 1160 e 6400 6400 11783 11783 11783 11783 763 763 763 38475 38475 38475 -
2007
8867 8867 1167 7700 7700 13199 13199 13199 13199 12402 12402 12402 82024 82024 82024 -
2008e
10420 10420 1920 8500 .. 14900 14900 14900 .. 12402 12402 .. 91076 91076 .. -
90-07
22.2 22.2 21.2 21.2 21.7 21.7 21.7 21.7 -2.9 -2.9 -2.9 7.6 7.6 7.6 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Germany 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 21323 e 21323 e 21323 e 123259 123259 4644 118615 27337 91278 e
1995
22428 e 22428 e 22428 e 124000 e 124000 16172 e 107828 16216 91612 -
2000
27344 e 27344 e 27344 e 196434 196434 13805 182629 14000 168629
2005
34783 34783 34783 327304 327304 83045 244259 59765 184494 11287 11287 11287 15709 15709 12201 3508 -
2006
38475 38475 38475 354818 354818 104368 250450 57896 192554 11314 11314 11314 16048 16048 12904 3144 -
2007
82024 82024 82024 442878 442878 174505 268373 60373 208000 11583 11583 11583 16687 16687 13785 2902 -
2008e
91076 91076 .. 452411 452411 .. .. .. .. 11578 11578 .. 17990 17990 .. .. -
90-07
8.2 8.2 8.2 7.8 7.8 23.8 4.9 4.8 5.0 -
e e
e e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 9650 e 9650 e 7550 e 2100 2100 10191 e 10191 e 7691 e 2500 2500 -
Sludge gas (TJ)

Germany 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
13946 13946 10656 3290 3290 35000 35000 35000 35000 -
2000
3500 e 3500 e 3119 e 381 381 250000 250000 250000 250000 -
2005
28757 28757 28757 260000 260000 260000 260000 1996000 1996000 1996000 1996000 313431 313431 313431 -
2006
42359 42359 42359 501000 11000 512000 512000 512000 3598000 -70000 3528000 6000 3522000 3522000 369629 369629 369629 -
2007
72358 72358 72358 458000 3000 461000 1000 460000 460000 4176000 -19000 4157000 1000 4156000 4156000 1345401 1345401 1345401 -
2008e
78295 78295 .. 628000 -3000 625000 .. .. .. 3166000 -69000 3097000 .. .. .. 930483 930483 .. -
90-07
11.0 11.0 15.4 x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Greece
Tables
Graphs
Greece Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Oil 56.3% Hydro 13.8% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.9%
Gas 0.6%
Other(3) 5.4%
Renewables 5.2%
Coal 37.6%
Biogas 0.1%
TPES(1)
21 Mtoe

Oil 49.4%
Gas 10.4%
Renewables 5.4%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 89.7% Biogas 3.0% Other(3) 19.1% Liquid Biomass 7.3%
Coal 33.6%
TPES
(1)
Hydro 12.9%
32 Mtoe

9 8 7 6 TWh 5 4 3 2 1 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Greece 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
22.68 1.29
2000
27.09 1.40
2005
30.25 1.64
2006
30.22 1.78
2007
32.18 1.73
2008e
32.58 1.64
90-07
2.4 2.7

21.44 1.10
5.2
100.82 0.21 100 10.34 2.07 34.8
5.7
107.27 0.21 99 10.63 2.13 41.3
5.2
127.09 0.21 100 10.92 2.48 53.4
5.4
156.13 0.19 91 11.10 2.72 59.4
5.9
163.15 0.19 87 11.15 2.71 60.2
5.4
169.74 0.19 89 11.19 2.88 62.7
5.0
175.20 0.19 87 11.20 2.91 58.6
0.2
3.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.5 1.9 3.5

1.77 5.1
3.9
3.56 8.6
4.6
4.14 7.8
5.3
6.41 10.8
6.2
7.68 12.8
6.4
4.59 7.3
6.7
4.34 7.4
..
5.8 2.2
3.2
0.05 0.7
0.09 1.3
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
2600 2523 315 2 27 48 2101
2000
3334 3072 699 226 35 1 2941
2005
3646 3106 699 1 491 24 24 3047
2006
3922 3134 699 5 749 10 24 3296
2007
4081 3150 699 9 846 37 39 3573
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
3.0 1.6 4.8 48.7 -1.4 5.5
2458 2408 315 2 1 47 1448
1014
1471
2059
2133
2307
2501
..
5.5
Greece 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1999 1997 228 2 -
1995
3920
3782 253 34 103 1 3817 3782 253 34 1 103 103 -
2000
4725
4111 418 451 163 4562 4111 418 451 163 163 -
2005
7099
5610 593 1 1266 100 122 6971 5610 593 1 1266 94 128 100 28 -
2006
8314
6475 610 1 1699 25 114 8260 6475 610 1 1699 85 54 25 29 -
2007
5404
3376 785 1 1818 25 184 5355 3376 785 1 1818 160 49 25 24 -
2008e
5283
3328 837 5 1661 105 184 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
6.0
3.1 7.5 49.3 6.0 3.1 7.5 49.3 -
1999
1997 228 2 -
Greece 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Greece 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
223 223 -223 2591 2591 -
156 156 -156 1818 1818 -
1 1 -
14 14 14 14 7 6 2 -
160 160 160 160 157 3 -
6 6 -6 25 25 -
Greece 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
1008 1008 -4 1005 235 2 205 29 770 757 13 -
46 46 1 47 47 47 -
30 30 -30 160 160 -
5 5 -3 2 2 2 24 24 -
83 3 86 -1 85 85 85 -
1685 49 1734 -1 -409 -9 -3 1313 235 2 205 29 85 85 993 968 5 19 2 4619 4570 49 -
13.9% 0.2% 5.4% x x x x 6.0% 5.1% 0.1% 32.2% 52.3% 1.1% 1.3% 11.5% 18.0% 0.2% 1.7% 100.0% 7.4% 8.4% 0.6% -
Greece 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
115 115 115 115 3442 3442 3442 3442 1560 1560 1560 -
2000
67 67 67 67 4138 4138 4138 4138 2662 2662 2662 -
2005
432 432 432 432 4224 4224 4224 17 4207 1040 1040 1040 -
2006
474 474 474 474 4568 4568 4568 15 4553 233 233 233 -
2007
602 602 602 602 6687 6687 6687 6687 233 233 233 -
2008e
712 712 712 .. 6687 6687 6687 .. 378 378 .. -
90-07
10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Greece 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 37384 37384 37384 7991 29393 -
1995
37556 37556 24 37532 8139 29393 -
2000
39547 39547 39547 9741 29806 39 39 39 39
2005
40064 40064 40064 10188 29876 990 990 990 379 379 166 213 213
2006
38990 38990 38990 9154 29836 969 969 969 402 402 161 241 241
2007
42230 42230 155 42075 9847 32228 1239 1239 1239 226 226 132 94 94
2008e
40000 40000 .. .. .. .. 1185 1185 .. 253 253 .. .. ..
90-07
0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.5 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Greece 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
30 30 30 28 2 -
2000
13 13 13 13 -
2005
12 12 12 12 -
2006
10 10 10 10 47743 3803 51546 546 51000 51000 -
2007
11 11 11 11 91863 2605 94468 468 94000 94000 2 62 64 64 64
2008e
10 10 .. .. 83292 83292 .. .. .. 2 62 64 .. ..
90-07
-3.2 -3.2 -3.2 -3.2 x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Hungary
Tables
Graphs
Hungary Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 31.1% Non-Renew. Waste 0.0% Hydro 2.1% Other(3) 11.5% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 98.2%
Nuclear 12.5%
Renewables 2.6%
Oil 29.1%
Coal 21.3%
TPES(1)
29 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 14.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 91.5% Biogas 1.3% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 92.1% Liquid Biomass 2.2% Renew. Mun. Waste 4.3%
Gas 40.0%
Renewables 5.1%
Coal 11.7%
Hydro 1.3% Other(3) 7.2%
Oil 27.2%
TPES(1)
27 Mtoe

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
TWh
Hungary 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
25.87 0.87
2000
25.00 0.83
2005
27.58 1.19
2006
27.33 1.23
2007
26.73 1.37
2008e
26.61 1.56
90-07
-0.4 3.6

28.66 0.75
2.6
44.40 0.65 124 10.37 2.76 28.4
3.4
39.39 0.66 126 10.33 2.51 34.0
3.3
47.96 0.52 100 10.21 2.45 35.2
4.3
59.04 0.47 90 10.09 2.73 35.8
4.5
61.47 0.44 85 10.07 2.71 35.9
5.1
62.13 0.43 83 10.06 2.66 40.0
5.9
63.00 0.42 81 10.03 2.65 40.0
4.0
2.0 -2.4 -2.4 -0.2 -0.2 2.0

0.20 0.7
2.6
0.22 0.6
2.3
0.24 0.7
2.9
1.87 5.2
3.8
1.49 4.2
4.1
1.88 4.7
4.3
2.36 5.9
..
14.3 12.0
3.0
0.00 0.1
0.01 0.3
0.03 0.7
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
78 48 1 24 5 27
2000
79 48 1 24 5 1 36
2005
435 49 17 2 24 337 6 45
2006
454 49 33 7 29 328 8 55
2007
478 49 61 1 42 306 19 65
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
11.8 0.1 3.3 7.2
72 48 24 20
14
19
25
32
39
46
..
7.2
Hungary 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 178 178 34 e 17 e 17 e -
1995
266 e
163 48 e 47 e 8 163 163 103 e 48 e 47 e 8 -
2000
298 e
178 55 e 55 e 10 178 178 120 e 55 e 55 e 10 -
2005
1942
202 10 13 59 59 1574 25 1772 202 10 13 1547 170 59 59 27 25 -
2006
1625
186 43 38 94 94 1133 37 1395 186 43 38 11 11 1106 230 83 83 27 37 -
2007
2029
210 110 5 141 141 1374 48 1772 210 110 5 58 58 1331 257 83 83 43 48 -
2008e
2471
213 205 5 111 111 1758 68 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
14.2
1.0 13.3 13.3 14.5 1.0 12.6 9.8 9.8 -
212 e
178 17 e 17 e -
Hungary 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 318 159 e 159 e 240 240 -
1995
1168
264 336 e 336 e 232 746 336 e 336 e 74 422 264 158 -
2000
1180
218 408 e 407 e 147 890 408 e 407 e 75 290 218 72 -
2005
1466
234 1 388 388 451 4 1007 388 388 227 4 459 234 1 224 -
2006
1666
168 1 509 509 478 1 1268 509 509 249 1 398 168 1 229 -
2007
1920
196 1 498 498 726 1 1446 498 498 449 1 474 196 1 277 -
2008e
2180
200 1 639 639 700 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
7.5
6.9 6.9 6.7 9.3 6.9 6.9 4.1 0.8 -
558
159 e 159 e 240 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Hungary 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
18 18 -18 210 210 -
9 9 -9 110 110 -
86 86 -5 81 1 1 79 66 13 196 196
3 3 2 2 2 1 1
20 20 -1 19 19 19 5 5 -
40 14 54 -14 -40 141 58 83 498 498 -
Hungary 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
40 14 54 -14 -40 141 58 83 498 498 -
1146 44 -40 1151 -395 -18 -2 -9 727 104 27 28 11 35 2 622 535 77 11 1374 1331 43 726 449 277
2 2 -1 -1 8 8 -
9 9 -2 -3 3 3 3 22 22 1 1 -
6 6 -3 -2 1 1 1 18 18 -
9 19 -1 27 27 27 27 -
8 15 -19 -4 1 1 2 2 2 -
1396 106 -60 -4 1440 1 -451 -98 -8 -14 -6 862 124 46 1 28 11 35 2 29 29 707 537 146 25 2029 1772 257 1920 1446 474
13.7% 0.5% 1.3% x 5.4% x x x x x x 4.6% 4.1% 7.2% 0.4% 6.7% 6.8% 58.4% 2.7% 0.7% 0.7% 8.0% 9.7% 5.1% 5.1% 5.1% 5.7% 3.0% 3.4% 3.7% 2.6%
Hungary 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 3600 3600 3600 3600 494 e 494 e 494 e -
1995
3600 3600 294 3306 3306 1085 e 1085 e 1085 e -
2000
3600 3600 242 3358 3358 1218 e 1218 e 1218 e -
2005
3627 3627 263 3364 72 3292 81 81 1 80 80 1232 1232 154 1078 1078 1382 1382 1382 -
2006
3600 3600 195 3405 59 3346 83 83 1 82 82 1156 1156 405 751 751 1961 1961 1961 -
2007
3600 3600 221 3379 52 3327 105 105 1 104 104 846 846 54 792 792 1694 570 2264 2264 -
2008e
3800 3800 400 3400 .. .. 160 160 1 159 .. 843 843 .. .. .. 1633 266 1899 .. -
90-07
-0.4 -0.5 7.5 9.4 9.4 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Hungary 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 494 e 494 e 494 e 28331 -1158 -674 26499 636 25863 121 25742 -
1995
1085 e 1085 e 1085 e 31095 31095 349 30746 1860 28886 -
2000
1218 e 1218 e 1218 e 29295 29295 240 29055 2513 26542 -
2005
1382 1382 1382 43535 43535 19619 23916 3230 30 20656 2 2 2 2 193 193 79 74 40 40
2006
1961 1961 1961 44576 -435 44141 15032 29109 4298 15 24796 46 46 25 17 4 4 337 337 102 145 90 90
2007
1694 570 2264 2264 47984 195 48179 17731 30448 4374 7 26067 85 85 49 31 5 5 365 365 97 137 131 131
2008e
1633 266 1899 .. 50000 283 50283 .. .. .. .. .. 86 86 .. .. .. .. 330 330 .. .. .. ..
90-07
7.5 9.4 9.4 3.1 x 3.6 21.6 1.0 23.5 0.1 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Hungary 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
6 6 6 6 -
2005
102 102 43 57 2 2 3760 3760 -240 4000 4000 -
2006
129 129 64 44 21 21 16785 16785 -215 17000 17000 991 -991 -
2007
250 250 109 79 62 62 14210 28353 -118 42445 445 42000 42000 9291 -3363 -3831 2097 97 2000 2000 -
2008e
490 490 .. .. .. .. 58000 11000 -176 68824 .. .. .. 138000 -5000 -2000 131000 .. .. .. -
90-07
x x x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Iceland
Tables
Graphs
Iceland
Renewables 67.0%
Hydro 25.8%
Coal 3.1% Oil 29.9%
Other(3) 74.2%
TPES(1)
2 Mtoe

Renewables 80.7% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 0.1% Hydro 18.3% Other(3) 81.6%
Biogas 8.0%
Non-Renew. Waste 0.1%
Oil 16.9%
Coal 2.3%
TPES(1)
5 Mtoe

14 12 10 TWh 8 6 4 2 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Iceland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
2.25 1.56
2000
3.10 2.30
2005
3.48 2.64
2006
4.16 3.26
2007
4.89 3.95
2008e
4.67 3.84
90-07
5.1 6.3

2.09 1.40
67.0
6.76 0.31 87 0.26 8.19 4.5
69.5
6.85 0.33 92 0.27 8.44 5.0
74.4
8.70 0.36 100 0.28 11.03 7.7
75.7
10.72 0.32 91 0.30 11.76 8.7
78.3
11.20 0.37 104 0.30 13.68 9.9
80.7
11.63 0.42 118 0.31 15.74 12.0
82.3
11.80 0.40 111 0.31 15.21 16.5
1.1
3.2 1.8 1.8 1.2 3.9 5.9

4.50 99.9
0.2
4.97 99.8
0.2
7.68 99.9
0.2
8.68 99.9
0.2
9.93 100.0
0.3
11.97 100.0
0.3
16.47 100.0
..
5.9 0.0
2.8
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
935 884 51 -
2000
1236 1064 172 -
2005
1396 1163 232 1 -
2006
1586 1163 422 1 -
2007
2244 1758 485 1 -
2008e
.. .. .. .. -
90-07
6.2 5.1 14.9 -
802 756 46 -

Iceland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 4504 4204 300 -
1995
4972
4682 290 4865 4682 183 107 107 -
2000
7679
6356 1323 6830 6356 474 849 849 -
2005
8681
7019 1658 4 7532 7019 509 4 1149 1149 -
2006
9926
7293 2631 1 1 8494 7293 1199 1 1 1432 1432 -
2007
11975
8394 3579 1 1 10552 8394 2156 1 1 1423 1423 -
2008e
16467
12427 4038 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
5.9
4.2 15.7 5.1 4.2 12.3 -
4504
4204 300 -
Iceland 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 4247 4247 572 572 -
1995
7457
7421 18 e 18 e 7103 7103 354 318 18 e 18 e -
2000
7414
7369 23 e 22 e 6967 6967 447 402 23 e 22 e -
2005
8726
8670 28 28 8071 8071 655 599 28 28 -
2006
9675
9619 28 28 8709 8709 966 910 28 28 -
2007
8555
8515 20 20 7800 7800 755 715 20 20 -
2008e
8638
8600 19 19 .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
3.4
3.4 3.6 3.6 1.6 1.3 -
4819
4819 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Iceland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
722 722 -722 8394 8394 -
3224 3224 -1622 -972 -44 -129 457 18 18 439 360 24 18 36 3579 2156 1423 8515 7800 715
3 3 -2 -1 1 1 20 20
Iceland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
3 3 -2 -1 1 1 20 20
3952 3952 -2348 -972 -46 -129 457 18 18 439 360 24 18 36 11975 10552 1423 8555 7800 755
100.0% 80.7% x x x x 18.2% 1.8% 45.2% 44.7% 60.1% 19.6% 42.4% 16.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 92.5% 100.0% 52.1%
Iceland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 43493 43493 18764 1726 23003 1897 21106 -
1995
48640 48640 25649 2863 20128 1828 18300 23 e 23 e 23 e -
2000
73600 73600 47272 3387 22941 2415 20526 28 e 28 e 28 e -
2005
85000 85000 60470 2930 21600 1500 20100 35 35 35 -
2006
110100 110100 86325 2847 20928 1500 19428 49 e 49 e 49 e -
2007
135000 135000 110474 5400 19126 758 18368 126 126 126 -
2008e
115980 115980 91380 5400 19200 .. .. 126 126 .. -
90-07
6.9 6.9 11.0 x -1.1 -5.3 -0.8 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Iceland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors -
1995
22 e 22 e 22 e -
2000
28 e 28 e 28 e -
2005
35 35 35 42 42 42 -
2006
35 35 35 12 12 12 -
2007
126 126 126 11 11 2 9 9 -
2008e
126 126 .. 15 15 .. .. .. -
90-07
-
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Iceland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Ireland
Tables
Graphs
Ireland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 97.9% Hydro 35.7%
Gas 18.8%
Renewables 1.7% Oil 44.9% Coal 21.1% Other(3) 0.1%
Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 64.2% Biogas 2.1%
TPES(1)
10 Mtoe

Gas 28.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 50.8% Biogas 14.2%
Hydro 12.3% Renewables 3.1%
Oil 52.0%
Coal 10.5% Other(3) 36.9%
Liquid Biomass 9.0%
TPES(1)
15 Mtoe

3.5 3 2.5 TWh 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Ireland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
10.37 0.15
2000
13.60 0.23
2005
14.37 0.36
2006
14.65 0.42
2007
15.06 0.47
2008e
15.12 0.56
90-07
2.5 6.2

9.97 0.17
1.7
48.70 0.20 145 3.51 2.84 14.2
1.5
61.09 0.17 121 3.60 2.88 17.6
1.7
96.60 0.14 100 3.80 3.58 23.7
2.5
126.61 0.11 81 4.15 3.46 25.6
2.9
133.83 0.11 78 4.25 3.45 27.1
3.1
141.90 0.11 75 4.36 3.46 27.9
3.7
139.40 0.11 77 4.43 3.41 28.5
3.6
6.5 -3.8 -3.8 1.3 1.2 4.0

0.70 4.9
1.6
0.73 4.1
1.9
1.19 5.0
3.3
1.87 7.3
4.1
2.47 9.1
4.4
2.76 9.9
4.6
3.51 12.3
..
8.4 4.2
6.7
0.00 0.0
0.00 0.1
0.02 0.5
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
523 517 290 6 2
2000
658 528 292 115 15 4
2005
1038 526 292 494 18 13
2006
1297 526 292 746 25 15
2007
1408 526 292 855 27 34
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
6.1 0.1 0.0 18.1
513 513 290 2

11
24
..
20.6
Ireland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
984
968 255 16 984 968 255 16 -
2000
1489
1150 304 244 95 1489 1150 304 244 95 -
2005
2217
975 344 1112 8 122 2193 975 344 1112 106 24 8 16 -
2006
2838
1088 364 1622 8 120 2818 1088 364 1622 108 20 8 12 -
2007
3106
1016 349 1958 13 119 3076 1016 349 1958 102 30 13 17 -
2008e
3838
1300 331 2410 16 112 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
7.0
0.2 1.2 6.9 0.2 1.2 -
983
983 286 -
Ireland 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Ireland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
57 57 -57 667 667 -
168 168 -168 1958 1958 -
2 2 2 2 1 1 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
Ireland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
169 13 182 -3 179 151 57 93 28 23 5 13 13 -
24 24 -24 102 102 -
8 8 -5 3 3 3 17 17 -
2 2 2 1 1 -
1 5 -3 3 3 3 3 -
12 7 -4 16 1 17 17 17 -
2 2 2 2 2 -
446 25 -7 465 1 -249 -8 209 152 58 93 22 22 34 25 9 2757 2727 30 -
31.7% 0.2% x 3.1% x x x 1.7% 5.9% 11.0% 67.8% 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.9% 0.5% 9.9% 10.5% 1.6% -
Ireland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 -
2000
2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 -
2005
18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 -
2006
42 42 42 42 23 23 23 23 -
2007
87 87 87 87 52 52 52 52 -
2008e
87 87 87 .. 117 117 117 .. -
90-07
24.8 24.8 24.8 24.8 21.1 21.1 21.1 21.1 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Ireland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
1995
3725 3725 3725 2482 1243 -
2000
4740 4740 4740 4020 720 988 988 988 -
2005
7448 5 7453 102 7351 6676 675 1044 1044 1044 202 202 101 101 101
2006
7585 79 7664 102 7562 6801 761 1064 1064 1064 214 214 -1 103 112 112
2007
7092 522 7614 134 7480 6310 1170 1001 1001 1001 329 329 211 118 118
2008e
6992 518 7510 .. .. .. .. 1085 1085 .. 335 335 .. .. ..
90-07
2.8 3.3 3.1 5.5 -2.7 x -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Ireland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
119 119 119 119 -
2000
180 180 180 180 -
2005
188 188 188 165 23 21 -7 14 14 861 -1 860 -140 1000 1000 436 -80 356 356 4 352 -
2006
75 75 -1 76 64 12 1018 1 1019 19 1000 1000 788 12 800 -200 1000 1000 1685 -197 1488 7 1481 1481 -
2007
72 72 72 60 12 1644 8725 -4823 5546 -454 6000 6000 14203 8208 -3868 18543 -457 19000 19000 1956 -189 1767 1767 1767 -
2008e
72 72 .. .. .. 2025 26229 -2016 26238 .. .. .. 17547 20829 1453 39829 .. .. .. 1956 -189 1767 .. .. -
90-07
-1.6 -1.6 x -1.6 -2.7 x x x x x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Italy
Tables
Graphs
Italy Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 26.6% Hydro 42.0% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 12.0% Biogas 0.1%
Oil 56.9%
Coal 10.0%
Renewables 4.4%
Other(3) 46.0%
TPES(1)
147 Mtoe

Gas 39.0% Non-Renew. Waste 0.5% Renewables 6.8% Other(3) 44.9% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 66.7%
Coal 9.4% Oil 42.1%
Hydro 23.4%
TPES(1)
178 Mtoe

70 60 50 TWh 40 30 20 10 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Italy 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
159.22 7.72
2000
170.67 10.11
2005
182.88 11.63
2006
181.13 12.50
2007
178.16 12.03
2008e
174.48 13.39
90-07
1.1 3.7

146.70 6.47
4.4
937.60 0.16 101 56.72 2.59 213.1
4.8
998.73 0.16 103 56.84 2.80 237.4
5.9
1097.34 0.16 100 56.94 3.00 269.9
6.4
1145.68 0.16 103 58.61 3.12 296.8
6.9
1166.78 0.16 100 58.94 3.07 307.7
6.8
1183.77 0.15 97 59.32 3.00 308.2
7.7
1179.40 0.15 95 59.05 2.96 312.4
2.5
1.4 -0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.9 2.2

34.91 16.4
30.9
41.46 17.5
34.7
50.89 18.8
36.9
48.44 16.3
38.7
50.63 16.5
39.0
47.72 15.5
39.1
57.54 18.4
..
1.9 -0.3
1.4
0.18 0.5
0.16 0.4
0.14 0.4
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
20520 19844 6880 470 16 22 79 68 21 174
2000
22003 20346 6957 590 19 363 287 218 e 180 271
2005
25323 20993 e 7103 671 e 34 e 1635 e 34 1162 510 284 680
2006
27001 21072 7544 671 45 1902 31 1063 1923 294 866
2007
27960 21117 7544 671 87 2702 27 1091 1936 329 1152
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
2.2 0.7 1.2 1.8 19.9 49.2 20.5 43.9 13.0 14.2
19364 18770 6188 496 4 3 46 4 41 120
84
122
190
476
606
806
..
14.2
Italy 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 38378 e 35079 3453 3222 4 2 36 e 35 e 32 e 16 1 e 1 e 12 2 -
1995
45754 e
41907 4125 3436 13 9 87 85 e 84 e 30 103 45569 e 41907 4125 3436 13 9 78 e 77 e 14 35 185 e 87 7 e 7 e 16 68 -
2000
58094 e
50900 6695 4705 18 e 563 112 402 e 402 e 425 567 57120 e 50900 6695 4705 18 e 563 56 134 e 133 e 87 524 974 e 56 268 e 269 e 338 43 -
2005
56778 e
42927 6860 5324 31 2344 170 1309 e 1310 e 2166 1197 53498 e 42927 6860 5324 31 2344 111 415 e 416 e 963 967 3280 e 59 894 e 894 e 1203 230 -
2006
58702 e
43425 6431 5527 35 2971 179 1458 e 1458 e 2313 1336 55660 e 43425 6431 5527 35 2971 107 547 e 547 e 1406 1095 3042 e 72 911 e 911 e 907 241 -
2007
55077 e
38482 5666 5569 38 4034 184 1512 e 1512 e 2298 1448 52132 e 38482 5666 5569 38 4034 103 591 e 591 e 1563 1161 2945 e 81 921 e 921 e 735 287 -
2008e
64775
45511 5531 5518 200 6437 185 1522 1522 2350 1530 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
2.1
0.5 3.0 3.3 14.2 56.5 15.5 24.4 24.6 36.2 47.3 1.8 0.5 3.0 3.3 14.2 56.5 17.9 18.1 30.5 10.0 49.4 49.4 27.4 33.9 -
38410 e
35079 3453 3222 4 2 16 37 e 36 e 12 2 -
Italy 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
11078
104 3002 e 3000 e 3888 1084 11078 104 3002 e 3000 e 3888 1084 -
2006
13338
194 4327 e 4326 e 3384 1107 13338 194 4327 e 4326 e 3384 1107 -
2007
9776
137 2780 e 2779 e 3390 690 9776 137 2780 e 2779 e 3390 690 -
2008e
9828
130 2800 2800 3400 698 .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Italy 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
2822 2822 -2762 -61 32816 32816 -
347 347 -347 4034 4034 -
3 3 -3 38 38 -
5001 5001 -4788 213 213 213 5569 5569 -
52 52 52 52 52 -
126 126 -32 -6 -8 -18 62 62 62 184 103 81 137 137 -
700 700 -258 -13 -415 -14 1512 591 921 2780 2780 -
Italy 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
700 700 -258 -13 -415 -14 1512 591 921 2779 2779 -
1707 790 -2 2494 -514 -7 -236 -18 -214 1506 167 167 1338 1171 167 2298 1563 735 3390 3390 -
47 47 115 162 15 15 147 147 -
315 315 -282 -2 -29 -1 1248 1114 134 158 158 -
2 2 -1 -1 9 9 18 18 -
71 71 -6 -4 -47 -13 191 47 144 514 514 -
180 180 180 141 141 39 39 -
12026 837 -2 12860 -9250 -106 -1151 -79 -99 2175 244 167 15 62 141 141 1789 1409 167 213 49411 46466 2945 9776 9776 -
45.6% 0.4% 0.0% 7.2% x x x x x 1.6% 0.6% 2.0% 0.5% 2.2% 0.3% 0.4% 3.5% 5.1% 5.5% 4.1% 16.0% 23.2% 2.7% 4.8% 4.8% -
Italy 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 124392 124392 115992 8400 8400 202 202 202 202 6408 6408 586 5822 5822 e
1995
132612 132612 123696 8916 8916 293 293 293 293 4187 4187 712 3475 3475 2600 2600 1419 1181 e
2000
178296 e 178296 e 169380 e 8916 8916 456 456 456 456 3832 3832 1232 2600 e 2600 e 6992 6992 3592 3400 3400 e
2005
200597 200597 191681 8916 8916 1144 1144 1144 1144 4909 4909 2309 2600 2600 23259 e 23259 e 23259 e -
2006
207901 207901 198985 8916 8916 1457 1457 1457 1457 5246 5246 2646 2600 2600 26825 e 26825 e 26825 e -
2007
209405 209405 200489 8916 8916 2186 2186 2186 2186 5262 5262 2662 2600 2600 29309 e 29309 e 29309 e -
2008e
207564 207564 198648 8916 .. 2800 2800 2800 .. 5300 5300 .. .. .. 30000 30000 .. -
90-07
3.1 3.1 3.3 0.4 0.4 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 -1.2 -1.2 9.3 -4.6 -4.6 27.5 27.5 x 27.5 -
Solar thermal (TJ)


e e
e e

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 470 e 470 e 470 e e
e e e
e e
Italy 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 469 e 469 e 469 e 28163 3843 32006 2943 29063 3390 25673 42 e 42 e 42 e -
1995
2600 2600 1420 1180 e
2000
6992 6992 3592 3400 3400 49381 20388 69769 9910 59859 8667 51192 5345 5345 5345 54 e 54 e 54 e e
2005
23258 e 23258 e 23258 e 74949 26000 100949 39649 61300 8300 53000 11431 11431 11431 37 37 37 -
2006
26825 e 26825 e 26825 e 80326 37639 117965 40465 77500 8300 69200 12549 12549 12549 38 38 38 -
2007
29309 e 29309 e 29309 e 71469 32990 104459 41408 63051 7000 56051 13176 13176 13176 87 87 87 -
2008e
30000 30000 .. 80000 25641 105641 .. .. .. .. 14200 14200 .. 50 50 .. -
90-07
27.5 27.5 x 27.5 5.6 13.5 7.2 x 16.8 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 -
e e e
e e

40950 9693 50643 e 1 4766 e 45876 6870 39006 821 821 821 27 e 27 e 27 e -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Italy 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 41 41 41 41 e
1995
99 e 99 e 99 e 63 63 63 63 e
2000
81 e 81 e 81 e 78 39 117 117 28 89
2005
2091 2091 2091 200000 200000 200000 200000 100 45 145 145 20 125
2006
2438 2438 2438 223000 223000 223000 180000 129 63 192 192 21 171
2007
2977 2977 2977 202000 202000 202000 158000 156 64 220 220 20 200
2008e
3200 3200 .. 634000 120000 -20000 734000 .. .. 160 67 227 .. .. ..
90-07
x 8.2 10.4 10.4 9.8
Biodiesel (tonnes)

e e e
e e e
Japan
Tables
Graphs
Japan Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 10.1% Hydro 50.5%
Nuclear 12.0%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 94.8% Biogas 1.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 31.5% Renew. Mun. Waste 4.1%
Renewables 3.5%
Coal 17.2% Oil 57.2%
Other(3) 18.0%
TPES(1)
438 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Gas 16.2% Waste 0.2% Hydro 39.0% Nuclear 13.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 86.9% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 39.1%
Renewables 3.2%
Biogas 2.2% Renew. Mun. Waste 10.9%
Oil 44.8% Coal 22.3% Other(3) 21.9%
TPES(1)
514 Mtoe

140 120 100 TWh 80 60 40 20 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Japan 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
493.21 15.88
2000
517.69 16.60
2005
518.90 16.38
2006
518.29 17.26
2007
513.52 16.34
2008e
491.11 15.04
90-07
0.9 0.4

438.09 15.21
3.5
4122.36 0.11 96 123.48 3.55 835.5
3.2
4445.39 0.11 100 125.47 3.93 960.2
3.2
4667.47 0.11 100 126.84 4.08 1048.6
3.2
4979.57 0.10 94 127.77 4.06 1088.4
3.3
5098.95 0.10 92 127.76 4.06 1093.0
3.2
5205.02 0.10 89 127.76 4.02 1123.5
3.1
5164.60 0.10 86 127.56 3.85 1078.1
-0.5
1.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.7 1.8

100.66 12.0
63.4
96.48 10.0
75.4
103.47 9.9
78.0
99.91 9.2
75.7
111.26 10.2
74.6
98.86 8.8
73.1
95.91 8.9
..
-0.1 -1.8
0.8
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
44495 e 43456 22285 504 43 e 1 491 -
2000
48593 e 46324 24305 533 330 e 84 1322 -
2005
51976 e 47292 25159 535 1421 e 1227 1501 6999 e
2006
52905 e 47358 25159 532 1709 e 1805 1501 7510 e
2007
52792 e 47313 25489 532 1919 e 1527 1501 7218 e
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.9 1.3 2.4 4.1 56.0 -
38101 e 37830 17005 270 1 e -

4899 e
5257 e
5053 e
..
Japan 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 108097 e 95835 6530 1741 1 903 e 904 e 8713 -
1995
106978 e
91216 9098 3173 1 1401 e 1402 e 9785 106978 e 91216 9098 3173 1 1401 e 1402 e 9785 -
2000
115489 e
96817 9564 3348 2 109 97 2352 e 2354 e 10410 115489 e 96817 9564 3348 2 109 97 2352 e 2354 e 10410 -
2005
113427 e
86350 9880 3226 1 1754 217 3418 e 3419 e 15042 113427 e 86350 9880 3226 1 1754 217 3418 e 3419 e 15042 -
2006
124940 e
97340 9816 3081 6 2210 449 3418 e 3419 e 15017 124940 e 97340 9816 3081 6 2210 449 3418 e 3419 e 15017 -
2007
112928 e
84234 10225 3043 8 2624 425 3418 e 3419 e 15757 112928 e 84234 10225 3043 8 2624 425 3418 e 3419 e 15757 -
2008e
105737
81351 7128 2762 12 2919 455 2247 2248 13743 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
0.3
-0.8 2.7 3.3 13.0 8.1 8.1 3.5 0.3 -0.8 2.7 3.3 13.0 8.1 8.1 3.5 -
108097 e
95835 6530 1741 1 903 e 904 e 8713 -
Japan 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1333 54 1279 -
1995
3666
101 3565 3666 101 3565 -
2000
5412
153 5259 5412 153 5259 -
2005
5710
108 5602 5710 108 5602 -
2006
5701
93 5608 5701 93 5608 -
2007
5700
93 5607 5700 93 5607 -
2008e
3642
72 3570 .. .. .. -
90-07
8.9
3.2 9.1 8.9 3.2 9.1 -
1333
54 1279 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Japan 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
6365 6365 -5730 -635 74009 74009 -
226 226 -1 -225 2624 2624 -
1 1 -1 8 8 -
2821 2821 -2448 -169 204 204 117 87 3043 3043 -
539 539 539 539 522 18 -
288 288 -6 -80 -3 200 200 4 113 83 425 425 93 93
699 699 -269 -430 3418 3418 -
Japan 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
699 699 -269 -430 3419 3419 -
5548 e 5548 -608 -2364 -31 e 2546 2533 2533 13 13 15757 15757 -
13 13 13 13 -
141 141 -141 5607 5607
17327 17327 -6 -9325 -4334 -144 -18 3502 2733 4 113 2616 769 548 135 87 102703 102703 5700 5700
19.2% 3.4% x x x x x 1.0% 2.8% 0.0% 1.3% 29.7% 0.7% 1.1% 0.2% 3.0% 9.1% 9.1% 22.8% 22.8%
Japan 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 65986 65986 62679 3307 3307 48893 48893 48893 48893 80 80 80 8219 e 8219 e 8219 e -
1995
122928 122928 114221 8707 8707 42112 42112 42112 42112 123 123 123 12669 e 12669 e 12669 e -
2000
129777 129777 120526 9251 9251 33823 33823 33823 33823 7380 7380 -2 987 6395 6395 20468 e 20468 e 20468 e -
2005
125210 125210 116126 9084 9084 23775 23775 23775 23775 9864 9864 64 1843 7957 7957 29277 e 29277 e 29277 e -
2006
119535 119535 110911 8624 8624 22575 22575 22575 22575 12673 12673 23 3674 8976 8976 29225 e 29225 e 29225 e -
2007
118114 118114 109574 8540 8540 22575 22575 22575 22575 12062 12062 235 3467 8360 8360 29274 e 29274 e 29274 e -
2008e
107051 107051 99432 7619 .. 21460 21460 21460 .. 8514 8514 .. .. .. .. 29274 29274 .. -
90-07
3.5 3.5 3.3 5.7 5.7 -4.4 -4.4 -4.4 -4.4 34.3 34.3 x 24.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Japan 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 8220 e 8220 e 8220 e 190009 e 190009 e 81175 e 108834 105604 3230 401 401 401 -
1995
12670 e 12670 e 12670 e 187423 e 187423 e 89401 e 98022 95857 2165 -
2000
20466 e 20466 e 20466 e 190959 e 190959 e 86603 e 104356 103135 1221 -
2005
29278 e 29278 e 29278 e 220104 e 220104 e 120463 e 99641 99102 539 -
2006
29226 e 29226 e 29226 e 222462 e 222462 e 120422 e 102040 101498 542 -
2007
29274 e 29274 e 29274 e 232349 e 232349 e 125749 e 106600 106058 542 -
2008e
29274 29274 .. 190256 190256 .. .. .. .. -
90-07
7.8 7.8 7.8 1.2 1.2 2.6 -0.1 0.0 -10.0 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Japan 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 1751 1751 1751 35 35 35 35
1995
4006 4006 4006 31 31 31 31
2000
5488 5488 5488 25 25 25 25
2005
5950 5950 5950 18 18 18 18
2006
5906 5906 5906 18 18 18 18
2007
5906 5906 5906 18 18 18 18
2008e
3745 3745 .. 18 18 .. ..
90-07
7.4 7.4 7.4 -3.8 -3.8 -3.8 -3.8
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Korea
Tables
Graphs
Korea Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 2.9% Oil 53.4% Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 14.8% Hydro 54.4%
Renewables 1.1% Other(3) 1.0% Coal 27.5%
Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.2% Biogas 3.9% Renew. Mun. Waste 0.9%
TPES(1)
93 Mtoe

Gas 14.0% Oil 42.5% Non-Renew. Waste 0.8% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 33.1% Hydro 23.5% Renewables 0.6% Biogas 20.2% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 70.5%
Nuclear 16.8%
Coal 25.3%
Other(3) 5.9%
Liquid Biomass 9.0%
TPES(1)
222 Mtoe

8 7 6 5 TWh 4 3 2 1 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Korea 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
146.67 0.43
2000
188.85 0.76
2005
210.38 1.08
2006
213.84 1.18
2007
222.20 1.33
2008e
227.23 1.50
90-07
5.3 1.6

93.09 1.01
1.1
283.56 0.33 89 42.87 2.17 105.4
0.3
413.01 0.36 96 45.09 3.25 181.1
0.4
511.66 0.37 100 47.01 4.02 288.5
0.5
639.39 0.33 89 48.14 4.37 387.9
0.6
672.22 0.32 86 48.30 4.43 402.3
0.6
705.65 0.31 85 48.46 4.59 425.9
0.7
723.40 0.31 85 48.60 4.68 440.5
-3.4
5.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.7 4.5 8.6

6.36 6.0
10.6
3.01 1.7
20.1
4.11 1.4
22.2
4.05 1.0
26.5
4.02 1.0
26.8
4.56 1.1
27.8
4.38 1.0
..
-1.9 -9.7
5.8
0.01 0.0
0.04 0.1
0.08 0.3
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
3245 e 3093 1600 2 150 e -
2000
3219 e 3149 1600 4 7 11 e 48 e 1257 e
2005
4083 e 3883 2300 14 99 4 e 36 17 e 30 1337 e
2006
5839 e 5485 3900 36 178 4 e 39 e 17 e 80 1362 e
2007
5906 5492 3900 81 196 7 38 6 86 1241
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
5.6 5.1 8.3 29.5 -
2341 2340 1000 1 -

880 e
936 e
953 e
869
..
Korea 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
5730 e
5478 2718 2 250 e 5730 e 5478 2718 2 250 e -
2000
5725 e
5610 1600 5 17 22 e 14 e 46 11 5689 5610 1600 5 17 46 11 36 e 22 e 14 e -
2005
5628 e
5189 1516 15 130 12 71 e 48 e 33 130 5509 5189 1516 15 130 12 33 130 119 e 71 e 48 e -
2006
5836 e
5219 1751 31 239 12 82 e 55 e 32 166 5699 5219 1751 31 239 12 32 166 137 e 82 e 55 e -
2007
6062
5042 1411 71 376 11 113 82 25 342 5836 5042 1411 71 376 11 25 311 226 113 82 31 -
2008e
7002
5563 2493 264 381 10 196 120 38 430 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-0.3
-1.4 28.5 -0.5 -1.4 28.5 -
6362
6361 1 -
Korea 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
519 e
311 e 208 e 519 e 311 e 208 e -
2000
3353 e
2012 e 1341 e 3353 e 2012 e 1341 e -
2005
7996
4622 e 3082 e 292 1529 917 e 612 e 6467 3705 e 2470 e 292 -
2006
8872
5048 e 3365 e 459 1595 957 e 638 e 7277 4091 e 2727 e 459 -
2007
10872
5797 4179 896 3362 1589 1146 627 7510 4208 3033 269 -
2008e
15066
8033 5791 1242 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Korea 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
312 312 -312 3631 3631 -
32 32 -32 -1 376 376 -
6 6 -2 -4 71 71 -
11 11 11 11 11 -
29 29 29 29 24 5 -
1437 1437 -2 1434 1424 2 131 22 419 14 8 173 10 645 10 10 11 11 -
353 353 -121 -100 132 132 132 113 113 5797 1589 4208
Korea 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
255 255 -87 -72 95 95 95 82 82 4179 1146 3033
281 29 309 -6 304 225 114 75 6 30 79 43 35 25 25 -
107 107 -77 -20 -7 3 3 3 338 307 31 896 627 269
71 71 -1 71 71 71 2 2 -
10 10 10 7 7 3 3 2 2 -
82 2 84 -5 79 79 79 -
2986 29 2 3016 -5 -423 -14 -20 -208 -7 -172 2168 1659 2 134 22 419 14 15 287 75 16 675 79 79 430 67 362 4651 4425 226 10872 3362 7510
7.0% 0.0% x 1.4% x x x x x x x 1.5% 4.0% 0.0% 1.7% 6.5% 7.2% 0.3% 1.0% 13.0% 26.9% 0.5% 20.5% 0.3% 0.3% 1.1% 0.4% 2.0% 1.1% 1.1% 0.6% 5.5% 1.8% 51.5%
Korea 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 416 416 -1 417 417 11663 11663 72 11591 11426 165 160 160 160 160 e
1995
925 925 925 925 32926 32926 502 32424 32044 380 766 766 1 311 454 454 e
2000
1745 1745 1745 1745 39228 39228 174 39054 38833 221 4579 4579 -1 2218 2362 2362 e
2005
107 107 107 10 97 1454 1454 1454 9 1445 51435 51435 1 116 51318 50968 350 12692 12692 1 7433 5258 5258 e
2006
260 260 260 16 244 1382 1382 1382 11 1371 58646 58646 1 109 58536 58134 402 13534 13534 8208 5326 5326 e
2007
465 465 465 19 446 1229 1229 1229 16 1213 60163 60163 104 60059 59651 408 14788 14788 9275 5513 5513
2008e
639 639 639 .. .. 1151 1151 1151 .. .. 67899 67899 .. .. .. .. 16703 16703 .. .. ..
90-07
6.6 6.6 x 6.6 6.5 10.1 10.1 x 10.2 10.2 5.5 30.5 30.5 x 23.1 23.1
Solar thermal (TJ)



e e
e e
e e
e e
Korea 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 107 107 107 107 16950 972 17922 17922 17922 238 238 238 238 e
1995
510 510 -1 208 303 303 4464 553 5017 1534 3483 3483 550 550 550 550 e
2000
3053 3053 1479 1574 1574 8253 1153 9406 433 8973 4518 4455 671 671 112 559 559 e
2005
8461 8461 -1 4956 3506 3506 12220 1101 13321 308 13013 9603 3410 1836 1836 1716 120 120 898 898 898 898 e
2006
9022 9022 5471 3551 3551 12021 1163 13184 304 12880 9346 3534 2615 2615 2272 343 108 235 2806 2806 2806 2806 e
2007
10660 10660 -1 6686 3975 3975 11747 1205 12952 236 12716 9421 3295 4498 4498 4387 111 111 2979 2979 -1 21 2959 2959
2008e
11135 11135 .. .. .. .. 14574 1205 15779 .. .. .. .. 5298 5298 .. .. .. 3244 3244 .. .. .. ..
90-07
31.1 31.1 x 23.7 23.7 -2.1 1.3 -1.9 -2.0 -9.5 16.0 16.0 x 16.0 16.0
e e
e e
e e
e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Korea 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
813 813 813 813 -
2000
821 821 821 821 -
2005
672 672 672 672 12157 12157 157 12000 12000 -
2006
435 435 9 426 294 132 48394 -4000 44394 394 44000 44000 -
2007
435 435 19 416 294 122 90000 2000 92000 5000 87000 87000 -
2008e
474 474 .. .. .. .. 165042 165042 .. .. .. -
90-07
-0.8 -0.8 -1.1 -3.1 x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Luxembourg
Tables
Graphs
Luxembourg Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Oil 43.4% Hydro 39.8% Renew. Mun. Waste 100.0%
Gas 12.6% Coal 33.2% Non-Renew. Waste 0.5%
TPES(1)
3 Mtoe
Renewables 0.4%

Gas 28.5% Other(3) 8.2% Hydro 10.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 20.8%
Biogas 13.4%
Renewables 2.2% Coal 1.9% Oil 58.8%
TPES(1)
4 Mtoe

1.2 1 0.8 TWh 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Luxembourg 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
3.15 0.03
2000
3.32 0.04
2005
4.28 0.05
2006
4.31 0.06
2007
4.22 0.09
2008e
4.13 0.07
90-07
1.3 11.2

3.41 0.02
0.4
12.40 0.28 168 0.38 8.93 0.6
1.0
15.05 0.21 128 0.41 7.69 0.5
1.2
20.27 0.16 100 0.44 7.55 0.4
1.2
24.16 0.18 108 0.47 9.21 3.4
1.3
25.71 0.17 102 0.47 9.11 3.5
2.2
27.05 0.16 95 0.48 8.79 3.2
1.8
27.70 0.15 91 0.49 8.48 2.7
9.8
4.7 -3.3 -3.3 1.4 -0.1 10.1

0.08 13.3
0.9
0.11 22.0
1.1
0.17 39.3
1.5
0.21 6.4
2.3
0.24 6.9
2.2
0.25 8.0
2.2
0.27 9.8
..
6.8 -3.0
5.5
0.00 0.0
0.00 0.0
0.03 1.6
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
1140 1134 1100 6 -
2000
1164 1139 1100 1 15 9 2
2005
1215 1140 1100 25 1 35 9 5 4
2006
1217 1140 1100 25 2 35 9 6 6
2007
1217 1140 1100 25 2 35 9 6 6
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.4 0.0 2.4 -
1140 1134 1100 6 -

..
Luxembourg 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 857 e 823 753 13 e 21 e -
1995
884 e
831 743 19 e 34 e 884 e 831 743 19 e 34 e -
2000
945 e
862 742 27 19 e 33 e 4 941 e 862 742 27 19 e 33 e 4 4 -
2005
1028
883 784 18 52 18 30 27 1001 883 784 18 52 18 30 27 27 -
2006
1086
917 806 21 58 21 36 33 1053 917 806 21 58 21 36 33 33 -
2007
1107
919 811 21 64 24 42 37 1070 919 811 21 64 24 42 37 37 -
2008e
1150
965 844 20 61 24 41 39 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
1.5
0.7 0.4 3.7 4.2 1.3 0.7 0.4 3.7 4.2 -
857 e
823 753 13 e 21 e -
Luxembourg 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
6
6 6 6 -
2005
156
156 156 156 -
2006
186
186 186 186 -
2007
209
209 209 209 -
2008e
201
201 .. .. -
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Luxembourg 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
9 9 -9 -1 108 108 -
6 6 -6 64 64 -
2 2 -2 21 21 -
14 14 -14 24 24 -
Luxembourg 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
25 25 -25 42 42 -
16 16 16 16 16 -
10 10 -10 37 37 209 209 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
34 34 34 34 34 -
82 35 117 -54 -3 -10 51 35 35 16 16 296 259 37 209 209 -
100.0% 0.7% 2.8% x x x 1.3% 1.6% 1.6% 2.2% 2.8% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.2% 9.2% -
Luxembourg 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 381 e 381 e 381 e -
1995
357 e 357 e 357 e -
2000
2 2 2 2 423 e 423 e 423 e -
2005
5 5 5 5 551 551 551 -
2006
7 7 7 7 588 588 588 -
2007
8 8 8 8 599 599 599 -
2008e
9 9 9 .. 583 583 .. -
90-07
2.7 2.7 2.7 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Luxembourg 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 655 e 655 e 655 e -
1995
614 e 614 e 614 e 645 645 645 645 -
2000
728 e 728 e 728 e 668 668 668 668 -
2005
948 948 948 645 645 645 645 -
2006
1010 1010 1010 650 650 650 650 -
2007
1030 1030 1030 650 650 650 650 -
2008e
1003 1003 .. 650 650 .. .. -
90-07
2.7 2.7 2.7 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Luxembourg 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
19 19 19 -
2000
23 23 23 -
2005
311 311 311 570 570 -430 1000 1000 -
2006
373 373 373 538 538 -462 1000 1000 -
2007
418 418 418 1000 1000 1000 1000 38518 38518 -482 39000 39000 -
2008e
401 401 .. .. .. 18520 18520 .. .. .. -
90-07
x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Mexico
Tables
Graphs
Mexico Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 19.1% Nuclear 0.6% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 53.3%
Renewables 11.4% Hydro 14.7% Coal 2.9% Oil 66.2% Other(3) 32.0%
TPES(1) 121 Mtoe

Gas 27.4% Nuclear 1.5% Other(3) 38.0% Renewables 9.3% Biogas 0.2% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 48.2% Hydro 13.7% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.8%
Coal 4.9%
Oil 56.9%
TPES(1) 184 Mtoe

45 40 35 30 TWh 25 20 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mexico 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
128.94 15.07
2000
147.43 15.92
2005
175.16 17.06
2006
175.10 16.62
2007
184.26 17.08
2008e
186.25 17.84
90-07
2.5 1.3

121.16 13.77
11.4
452.56 0.27 116 81.25 1.49 124.1
11.7
488.23 0.26 114 91.12 1.42 157.5
10.8
636.73 0.23 100 98.26 1.50 203.6
9.7
698.09 0.25 108 103.83 1.69 242.0
9.5
731.71 0.24 103 104.75 1.67 249.6
9.3
755.11 0.24 105 105.68 1.74 257.5
9.6
765.30 0.24 105 106.61 1.75 258.3
-1.2
3.1 -0.5 -0.5 1.6 0.9 4.4

28.60 23.0
28.7
33.21 21.1
31.5
39.50 19.4
34.0
38.06 15.7
42.5
39.60 15.9
45.5
37.61 14.6
48.0
49.25 19.1
..
1.6 -2.6
3.1
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
10093 9329 753 9 2 -
2000
10806 9634 855 14 3 292 8 373
2005
11859 10571 960 16 3 292 17 643
2006
12105 e 10734 960 16 86 e 292 17 643
2007
14517 13143 960 19 86 292 17 994
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
3.1 3.1 1.9 -
8580 7880 700 -

261
450
450
696
..
Mexico 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 28604 23478 5124 1 1 -
1995
33209
27528 5669 5 7 33209 27528 5669 5 7 -
2000
39502
33133 5901 7 19 433 9 39502 33133 5901 7 19 433 9 -
2005
38060
27659 7299 9 19 3046 28 38060 27659 7299 9 19 3046 28 -
2006
39599
30394 6685 10 59 2430 21 39599 30394 6685 10 59 2430 21 -
2007
37607
27276 7404 9 262 2622 34 37607 27276 7404 9 262 2622 34 -
2008e
49248
38892 7056 9 255 3000 36 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
1.6
0.9 2.2 13.8 38.8 1.6 0.9 2.2 13.8 38.8 -
28604
23478 5124 1 1 -
Mexico 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Mexico 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
2346 2346 -2326 -20 27276 27276 -
23 23 -21 -1 262 262 -
1 1 -1 9 9 -
6365 6365 -6365 7404 7404 -
108 108 108 108 108 -
Mexico 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
8225 8225 -1156 7069 1176 1176 5892 5892 2622 2622 -
16 16 -16 34 34 -
17084 17084 -8712 -1194 7177 1176 1176 6000 5892 108 37607 37607 -
6.8% 9.3% x x 6.3% 4.1% 54.6% 23.1% 31.6% 2.8% 14.6% 14.6% -
Mexico 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 184464 184464 184464 -
1995
204084 204084 204084 -
2000
212436 212436 212436 1801 1801 1801 1801 -
2005
262764 262764 262764 3507 3507 3507 3507 -
2006
240660 240660 240660 3913 3913 3913 3913 -
2007
266544 266544 266544 4525 4525 4525 4525 -
2008e
254016 254016 254016 6067 6067 6067 .. -
90-07
2.2 2.2 2.2 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Mexico 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
1995
327881 327881 327881 84032 243849 -
2000
332562 332562 33897 298665 48693 249972 257 257 257 -
2005
348002 348002 46828 301174 53523 247651 432 432 432 -
2006
341439 341439 46714 294725 47523 247202 400 400 400 -
2007
344414 344414 48411 296003 49249 246754 653 653 653 -
2008e
345441 345441 .. .. .. .. 653 653 .. -
90-07
0.7 0.7 -0.2 -2.3 0.3 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Mexico 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Netherlands
Tables
Graphs
Netherlands Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Non-Renew. Waste 0.4% Gas 46.9% Nuclear 1.4% Renewables 1.1% Other(3) 1.0% Hydro 1.0% Coal 13.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 47.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 98.0% Renew. Mun. Waste 44.4% Biogas 8.5%
Oil 35.4%
TPES(1)
66 Mtoe

Gas 41.4% Non-Renew. Waste 0.9% Nuclear 1.4% Renewables 3.0% Coal 10.5% Oil 41.0% Other(3) 13.4% Hydro 0.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 39.5%
Biogas 8.4%
TPES(1)
80 Mtoe

10 9 8 7 TWh 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Netherlands 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
70.54 0.83
2000
73.15 1.25
2005
78.78 2.11
2006
76.61 2.23
2007
80.42 2.38
2008e
79.62 2.83
90-07
1.2 7.3

65.67 0.72
1.1
281.96 0.23 123 14.95 4.39 71.9
1.2
315.81 0.22 118 15.46 4.56 81.0
1.7
385.08 0.19 100 15.92 4.59 89.7
2.7
411.17 0.19 101 16.32 4.83 100.2
2.9
425.05 0.18 95 16.34 4.69 98.4
3.0
439.76 0.18 96 16.38 4.91 103.2
3.6
448.60 0.18 93 16.53 4.82 107.7
6.0
2.6 -1.4 -1.4 0.5 0.7 2.1

0.80 1.1
8.4
1.40 1.7
9.4
2.99 3.3
10.4
7.47 7.4
11.1
8.07 8.2
11.5
7.61 7.4
11.6
9.48 8.8
..
14.2 11.8
1.9
0.04 0.4
0.31 2.7
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
572 37 2 250 277 6 162
2000
963 37 13 447 394 72 360
2005
2583 37 51 1224 429 343 499 620
2006
2868 37 52 1558 429 299 493 646
2007
2700 37 53 1748 506 324 32 673
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
14.0 26.3 23.3 5.7 26.4 13.7
290 37 1 50 196 6 76
53
113
252
434
452
471
..
13.7
Netherlands 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
2002
88 1 317 705 602 41 248 1298 88 1 317 426 364 102 704 279 238 41 146 -
2000
4222
142 8 829 1292 1228 435 288 3036 142 8 829 847 805 291 114 1186 445 423 144 174 -
2005
8916
88 34 2067 1287 1451 2246 294 1449 6447 88 34 2067 880 992 842 95 1449 2469 407 459 1404 199 -
2006
9512
106 35 2733 1333 1443 1840 362 1660 6151 106 35 2733 371 401 699 146 1660 3361 962 1042 1141 216 -
2007
9146
107 35 3438 1421 1539 1970 512 124 5514 107 35 3438 378 409 735 288 124 3632 1043 1130 1235 224 -
2008e
10943
102 38 4259 1348 1460 2616 661 459 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
12.7
1.4 27.4 5.9 8.3 27.0 11.0 24.1 1.4 27.4 7.5 4.0 6.4 23.5 5.7 -
1195
85 56 539 394 34 87 -
Netherlands 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 3377 1806 1318 233 20 -
1995
2927
1363 1165 248 151 2822 1306 1117 248 151 105 57 48 -
2000
6442
3176 3019 203 44 1632 710 675 203 44 4810 2466 2344 -
2005
8853
3579 4035 1171 68 3760 1185 1336 1171 68 5093 2394 2699 -
2006
9356
3930 4257 1128 41 4005 1361 1475 1128 41 5351 2569 2782 -
2007
9689
3910 4236 1471 72 4352 1348 1461 1471 72 5337 2562 2775 -
2008e
9643
3910 4236 1425 72 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
6.4
4.6 7.1 11.4 7.8 1.5 -1.7 0.6 11.4 7.8 -
3377
1806 1318 233 20 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Netherlands 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
9 9 -9 107 107 -
296 296 -237 -59 3438 3438 -
3 3 -3 36 36 -
20 20 20 20 18 3 -
665 665 -164 -419 -82 1421 378 1043 3910 1348 2562
Netherlands 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
720 720 -177 -454 -89 1539 409 1130 4236 1461 2775
520 289 809 -179 -264 -9 357 109 24 1 84 248 222 9 17 1970 735 1235 1471 1471 -
43 -41 2 4 6 6 6 -
46 46 -11 -21 -3 -1 10 10 10 115 101 14 72 72 -
48 48 -18 29 29 29 143 143 -
80 80 -45 -11 24 24 1 19 4 254 187 67 -
52 e 52 e 104 -16 88 88 88 -
75 220 -19 276 -53 223 223 223 -
10 17 26 1 -27 124 124 -
2544 621 -60 3104 -68 -463 -469 -267 -903 -171 -5 757 133 1 19 4 24 1 84 311 311 313 246 51 17 9147 5515 3632 9689 4352 5337
4.1% 0.4% 0.1% 3.9% x x x x x x x 1.3% 1.1% 0.0% 0.9% 0.4% 38.1% 0.4% 15.6% 2.6% 2.7% 1.5% 2.7% 0.7% 0.4% 8.9% 11.9% 6.4% 6.9% 3.5% 35.4%
Netherlands 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
198 198 198 198 15450 15450 15450 -
2000
456 456 456 456 25512 25512 25512 -
2005
783 783 783 783 26659 26659 26659 -
2006
812 812 812 812 26616 26616 26616 -
2007
843 843 843 843 27845 27845 27845 -
2008e
881 881 881 .. 29573 29573 .. -
90-07
14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Netherlands 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 9635 9635 9635 13898 13898 740 13158 1316 11842 392 392 221 171 171 1679 1679 341 1338 1338
1995
13204 13204 13204 12755 12755 810 11945 1746 10199 2238 2238 1563 675 675 1834 1834 479 1355 1355
2000
24255 24255 24255 17513 212 17725 5448 12277 2043 10234 2313 2313 1697 616 616 1925 1925 529 1396 1396
2005
30063 30063 30063 21584 12580 34164 20598 13566 3733 9833 1909 1909 1463 446 446 1946 1946 699 1247 1247
2006
28834 28834 28834 23269 9354 32623 18055 14568 4437 10131 1926 1926 1481 445 445 2010 2010 823 1187 1187
2007
30165 30165 30165 21769 12107 33876 18911 14965 4578 10387 1909 1909 1492 417 417 1998 1998 765 1233 1233
2008e
32037 32037 .. 27953 13409 41362 .. .. .. .. 1718 1718 .. .. .. 1998 1998 .. .. ..
90-07
6.9 6.9 6.9 2.7 5.4 21.0 0.8 7.6 -0.8 9.8 9.8 11.9 5.4 5.4 1.0 1.0 4.9 -0.5 -0.5
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Netherlands 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 468 468 18 450 450 5 4 9 9 9
1995
826 826 33 793 793 5 4 9 9 9
2000
974 974 75 899 899 6 3 9 9 9
2005
1240 1240 260 980 980 60229 309015 369244 369244 6 3 9 9 9
2006
1973 1973 855 1118 1118 14245 14245 28490 490 28000 28000 18000 7480 25480 480 25000 25000 91656 327995 419651 419651 6 3 9 9 9 e e e e
2007
3347 3347 2341 1006 1006 78321 78320 156641 24641 132000 132000 85000 226746 311746 59746 252000 252000 11328 19279 30607 30607 6 3 9 9 9 e e e e
2008e
5013 5013 .. .. .. 78321 114679 193000 .. .. .. 83000 263000 346000 .. .. .. 38834 66092 104926 .. 6 3 9 .. ..
90-07
12.3 12.3 33.2 4.8 4.8 x x 1.1 -1.7 -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

New Zealand
Tables
Graphs
New Zealand Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 29.3% Oil 26.4% Hydro 42.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 95.9%
Coal 8.5%
Renewables 35.8%
Other(3) 46.4%
Biogas 4.1%
TPES(1)
13 Mtoe

Gas 21.8% Oil 36.5% Non-Renew. Waste 0.1% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 20.3%
Hydro 37.0%
Biogas 6.1%
Coal 9.1%
TPES(1)
17 Mtoe
Renewables 32.6%
Other(3) 42.7%

35 30 25 TWh 20 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
New Zealand 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
15.29 5.17
2000
16.82 5.01
2005
16.40 5.25
2006
16.63 5.27
2007
16.77 5.46
2008e
17.19 5.83
90-07
1.4 0.8

13.31 4.77
35.8
39.62 0.34 105 3.36 3.96 32.3
33.8
46.17 0.33 104 3.68 4.16 35.3
29.8
52.66 0.32 100 3.86 4.36 39.2
32.0
63.47 0.26 81 4.10 4.00 43.1
31.7
64.46 0.26 81 4.14 4.01 43.5
32.6
66.38 0.25 79 4.19 4.01 43.8
33.9
66.00 0.26 82 4.21 4.08 43.8
-0.6
3.1 -1.7 -1.7 1.3 0.1 1.8

25.97 80.5
2.6
29.98 84.9
3.3
28.02 71.4
3.7
27.83 64.5
4.3
28.12 64.7
4.4
28.69 65.4
4.5
28.12 64.2
..
0.6 -1.2
3.2
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
5672 5259 275 100 e 38 e -
2000
5752 5193 418 36 82 23 -
2005
6047 5345 434 168 78 22 87
2006
6068 5345 446 171 79 27 87
2007
6254 5366 450 322 80 36 97
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.3 0.9 3.3 -1.1 6.7 -
4989 e 4619 261 97 e 12 e -

61
61
68
..
New Zealand 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 25636 23340 2216 80 330 330 -
1995
29979
27259 2172 1 336 211 29531 27259 2118 1 153 448 54 336 58 -
2000
28016
24386 2921 120 478 111 27463 24386 2880 120 77 553 41 478 34 -
2005
27827
23330 3188 615 518 176 27196 23330 3131 615 120 631 57 518 56 -
2006
28120
23355 3392 623 537 213 27450 23355 3326 623 146 670 66 537 67 -
2007
28688
23516 3458 937 565 212 27983 23516 3391 937 139 705 67 565 73 -
2008e
28124
22312 4200 1057 340 215 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
0.6
0.0 2.7 3.2 5.9 0.5 0.0 2.5 3.3 4.6 3.2 -
25966
23340 2216 330 80 -
New Zealand 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
New Zealand 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
2022 2022 -2022 23516 23516 -
81 81 -81 937 937 -
2241 2241 -1828 -36 -143 234 139 139 95 2 92 3458 3391 67 -
7 7 7 7 7 -
New Zealand 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
1040 1040 -194 846 660 660 186 186 565 565 -
40 40 -40 139 139 -
28 28 -21 7 7 7 73 73 -
5459 5459 -3971 -251 -143 1094 799 139 660 295 195 99 28688 27983 705 -
39.0% 32.6% x x x 8.8% 22.6% 50.5% 78.6% 9.4% 13.1% 8.6% 65.4% 66.9% 35.2% -
New Zealand 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
93303 93303 73773 6000 13530 10930 2600 -
2000
85571 85571 70120 6000 9451 5492 3959 -
2005
89158 89158 73486 6000 9672 5713 3959 240 240 240 240 -
2006
89028 89028 73303 6000 9725 5766 3959 270 270 270 270 -
2007
93860 93860 78081 6000 9779 5820 3959 300 300 300 300 -
2008e
116565 116565 100800 6000 9765 .. .. 320 320 320 .. -
90-07
0.1 0.1 0.2 x -0.9 -2.6 3.5 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



New Zealand 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 21955 21955 3161 18794 16145 2649 905 905 905 42 42 42 42 e
1995
22364 22364 3161 19203 16614 2589 1849 1849 1849 761 761 720 41 41 e
2000
34910 34910 5910 29000 20932 8068 767 767 767 490 490 340 150 150
2005
41794 41794 6666 35128 27232 7896 1493 1493 1493 920 920 700 220 220
2006
42453 42453 7730 34723 26870 7853 1641 1641 1641 1065 1065 805 260 260
2007
43569 43569 8138 35431 27627 7804 1673 1673 1673 1153 1153 873 280 280
2008e
40422 40422 .. .. .. .. 1828 1828 .. 1040 1040 .. .. ..
90-07
4.1 4.1 5.7 3.8 3.2 6.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 21.5 21.5 11.8 11.8
e e e
e e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

New Zealand 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Norway
Tables
Graphs
Norway Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 9.4% Oil 38.4% Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Hydro 91.4%
Coal 4.1%
Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 8.6% Renewables 54.3%
TPES
(1)
21 Mtoe

Gas 16.5% Oil 35.5% Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Hydro 89.7% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 86.9% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 9.7% Other(3) 0.6% Renewables 47.8%
Coal 2.8%
TPES(1)
27 Mtoe

160 140 120 100 TWh 80 60 40 20 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Norway 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
23.42 11.52
2000
25.35 13.24
2005
28.24 12.91
2006
29.05 11.55
2007
26.86 12.84
2008e
31.04 13.36
90-07
1.5 0.7

21.00 11.40
54.3
116.97 0.18 119 4.24 4.95 121.6
49.2
140.45 0.17 111 4.36 5.37 122.1
52.2
168.29 0.15 100 4.49 5.64 139.6
45.7
187.79 0.15 100 4.62 6.11 137.2
39.7
192.07 0.15 100 4.66 6.23 121.2
47.8
198.09 0.14 90 4.71 5.71 136.4
43.0
202.10 0.15 102 4.70 6.60 141.7
-0.7
3.1 -1.6 -1.6 0.6 0.8 0.7

121.36 99.8
2.6
121.64 99.7
3.0
139.20 99.7
3.0
136.50 99.5
3.3
120.38 99.3
3.4
135.21 99.2
3.6
140.76 99.3
..
0.6 -0.0
2.0
c c
0.01 0.2
0.03 0.8
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
28183 28052 673 5 3 26 e 97 e -
2000
28206 e 28126 1360 6 13 26 e 35 e -
2005
28237 27850 1440 e 7 e 270 e 5 e 26 79 13 e
2006
29341 28941 1396 8 e 282 5 26 79 13 e
2007
29737 e 29297 e 1465 e 8 e 322 e 5 e 26 e 79 e 13 e
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.6 0.5 1.9 3.9 -
26951 26884 1067 26 e 41 e -

9 e
9 e
9 e
..
Norway 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 121566 121382 237 184 58 e 29 e 29 e -
1995
122622 e
122299 956 10 24 e 24 e 265 122574 122299 956 10 265 48 e 24 e 24 e -
2000
139703 e
139386 471 31 30 e 30 e 226 139643 139386 471 31 226 60 e 30 e 30 e -
2005
137329
136441 776 506 6 43 43 290 137253 136441 776 506 6 5 5 290 76 38 38 -
2006
120812
119726 375 637 5 55 56 333 120712 119726 375 637 5 5 6 333 100 50 50 -
2007
136395
135052 1118 900 11 58 57 317 136294 135052 1118 900 11 7 7 317 101 51 50 -
2008e
141786
140522 968 917 9 45 45 248 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
0.7
0.6 9.6 4.2 4.1 3.3 0.7 0.6 9.6 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 -
121624 e
121382 237 29 e 29 e 184 -
Norway 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 1421 711 e 710 e 2248 e 1087 e 1088 e 73 e -
1995
4132
150 1957 e 1957 e 58 10 1876 938 e 938 e 2256 150 1019 e 1019 e 58 10 -
2000
4518
467 1939 e 1940 e 160 12 1777 888 e 889 e 2741 467 1051 e 1051 e 160 12 -
2005
7209
429 2728 2728 1316 8 3129 1 1564 1564 4080 428 1164 1164 1316 8 -
2006
7534
537 2730 2730 1529 8 3116 1558 1558 4418 537 1172 1172 1529 8 -
2007
8307
686 3043 3036 1540 2 3205 1606 1599 5102 686 1437 1437 1540 2 -
2008e
6507
537 2384 2378 1206 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
4.9
3.1 3.1 19.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 1.7 1.7 19.6 -
3669 e
1798 e 1798 e 73 e -
1990
Total heat
1995
560 e
184 115 491 e
2000
397 e
309 130 218 e
2005
829 e
529 245 545 e
2006
1024 e
893 360 491 e
2007
1061
872 378 567
2008e
1061
872 378 567
90-07
2.1 17.5 17.3 -1.3
740 e
56 25 709 e
Norway 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
11518 11518 -11053 -465 133934 133934 -
77 77 -77 900 900 -
19 19 -3 -16 11 11 686 686
105 105 -1 -48 -41 15 15 15 58 7 51 3043 1606 1437
Norway 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
105 105 -1 -48 -41 15 15 15 57 7 50 3036 1599 1437
1045 34 -1 1078 -32 -50 -3 993 401 13 5 299 79 4 1 591 581 8 2 317 317 1540 1540
26 26 -10 16 16 16 2 2
c 31 c 31 31 31 31 -
12895 65 -1 12959 -11132 -500 -96 -148 -3 -10 1070 431 13 35 299 79 4 1 31 31 607 581 24 2 135277 135176 101 8307 3205 5102
6.0% 1.0% 48.3% x x x x x x 5.1% 6.9% 1.3% 8.7% 31.9% 45.2% 1.8% 2.8% 0.6% 0.9% 8.6% 15.0% 1.0% 0.6% 99.2% 99.3% 66.9% 55.0% 60.6% 52.0%
Norway 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 2258 e 2258 e 2258 e -
1995
150 150 150 2402 e 2402 e 2402 e -
2000
467 467 467 2688 2688 2489 e 199 199 -
2005
491 491 491 3990 3990 3294 696 696 -
2006
588 588 588 4080 4080 3422 658 658 -
2007
816 816 816 4415 4415 3767 648 648 -
2008e
816 816 .. 4089 4089 .. .. .. -
90-07
4.0 4.0 3.1 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Norway 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 2257 e 2257 e 2257 e 38669 38669 e 1072 e 37597 15977 21620 -
1995
2401 e 2401 e 2401 e 42043 90 42133 1442 40691 17490 23201 663 663 12 651 651 -
2000
2690 2690 2489 e 201 201 50008 207 50215 1459 48756 24603 24153 1078 1078 14 1064 1064 -
2005
3990 3990 3294 696 696 44483 896 45379 112 2938 42329 15532 26797 1054 1054 9 410 635 635 -
2006
4080 4080 3423 657 657 44677 1283 45960 3589 42371 15417 26954 1104 1104 9 430 665 665 -
2007
4410 4410 3762 648 648 43758 1397 45155 3581 41574 16811 24763 1104 1104 3 436 665 665 -
2008e
4089 4089 .. .. .. 43665 1305 44970 .. .. .. .. 1104 1104 .. .. .. .. -
90-07
4.0 4.0 3.1 0.7 0.9 x 7.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 x -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Norway 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
c c c c c c -
2006
c 6247 6247 247 6000 6000 -
2007
c 34522 34522 -478 35000 35000 -
2008e
49395 41774 91169 .. .. .. -
90-07
c x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Poland
Tables
Graphs
Poland Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Oil 12.6% Gas 8.7% Non-Renew. Waste 0.7% Hydro 7.7% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.4% Biogas 0.6%
Renewables 1.5%
Coal 76.5%
TPES(1) 103 Mtoe

Gas 12.7% Oil 24.7% Non-Renew. Waste 0.6% Renewables 5.1% Other(3) 1.1% Hydro 4.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 96.3% Biogas 1.4% Liquid Biomass 2.3% Coal 57.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 94.8%
TPES(1) 97 Mtoe

7 6 5 TWh 4 3 2 1 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Poland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
99.47 3.92
2000
89.12 3.80
2005
92.38 4.48
2006
97.30 4.96
2007
97.11 4.96
2008e
98.36 5.35
90-07
-0.4 7.0

103.10 1.58
1.5
118.17 0.87 168 38.03 2.71 134.4
3.9
131.59 0.76 145 38.28 2.60 137.0
4.3
171.28 0.52 100 38.26 2.33 143.2
4.9
199.36 0.46 89 38.16 2.42 155.4
5.1
211.78 0.46 88 38.13 2.55 160.8
5.1
225.85 0.43 83 38.12 2.55 158.8
5.4
236.60 0.42 80 38.04 2.59 154.0
7.3
3.9 -4.1 -4.1 0.0 -0.4 1.0

1.47 1.1
6.0
1.96 1.4
7.2
2.33 1.6
8.9
3.85 2.5
11.3
4.31 2.7
12.6
5.43 3.4
13.9
6.67 4.3
..
8.0 6.9
5.1
0.05 0.5
0.10 0.8
0.11 0.8
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
2048 2047 1366 1 -
2000
2199 2183 1366 4 3 9 -
2005
2500 2321 1406 121 3 25 30 95 e
2006
2563 2331 1406 172 3 25 32 128 e
2007
2710 2328 1406 306 3 33 40 236
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.9 1.0 0.9 -
1977 1977 1205 -

67 e
90 e
165
..
Poland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 3313 3313 1896 258 203 55 -
1995
4216
3851 1964 1 297 54 13 3865 3851 1964 1 13 351 297 54 -
2000
4673
4116 2010 5 331 190 31 4152 4116 2010 5 31 521 331 190 -
2005
5816
3778 1577 135 393 1399 111 3913 3778 1577 135 1903 393 1399 111 -
2006
5668
3020 978 256 381 1851 160 3276 3020 978 256 2392 381 1851 160 -
2007
6351
2939 587 522 335 2360 195 3461 2939 587 522 2890 335 2360 195 -
2008e
7596
2835 595 833 335 3372 221 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
3.4
-0.7 -6.7 3.0 24.7 0.3 -0.7 -6.7 15.3 3.0 24.7 -
3571
3313 1896 203 55 -
Poland 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 11011 2902 8109 2969 64 2895 10 -
1995
2100
1341 753 6 1649 1209 440 451 132 313 6 -
2000
2628
789 1802 37 2101 754 1347 527 35 455 37 -
2005
5672
1968 2882 822 4309 1948 1540 821 1363 20 1342 1 -
2006
5711
1863 3146 702 4246 1838 1707 701 1465 25 1439 1 -
2007
6594
1877 4017 700 5200 1847 2656 697 1394 30 1361 3 -
2008e
6602
1812 4100 690 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-4.3
-2.7 -5.8 28.4 -4.3 -2.6 -6.4 -4.3 -4.4 -4.3 -6.8 -
13980
2966 11004 10 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Poland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
202 202 -202 2352 2352 -
45 45 -45 522 522 -
10 10 10 10 9 2 -
502 502 -113 -2 386 386 31 164 23 142 3 22 335 335 1877 1847 30
1 1 1 1 1 -
Poland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
42 42 42 42 42 -
4549 -22 4527 -417 -150 -37 -4 -1 3919 1055 3 3 1 4 737 237 1 70 2863 2269 140 455 2360 2360 4017 2656 1361
21 21 -21 114 114 32 32 -
43 43 -33 -1 9 2 2 7 7 79 79 658 655 3
1 1 -1 2 2 10 10 -
67 16 -1 -1 80 1 80 80 80 -
41 -17 24 -1 23 23 23 -
3 3 3 3 3 -
5527 16 -18 -23 5501 -247 -417 -318 -37 -4 -4 4473 1485 31 167 23 187 1 6 740 259 1 70 106 106 2881 2278 150 455 5764 2874 2890 6594 5200 1394
7.6% 0.0% 0.1% x 5.7% x x x x x x x 6.9% 8.9% 1.2% 4.4% 3.2% 6.4% 0.1% 0.3% 49.7% 41.3% 0.5% 10.2% 0.7% 0.8% 10.1% 12.5% 2.2% 13.0% 3.6% 100.0% 1.9% 2.1% 2.5% 1.3%
Poland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
35109 35109 3878 2103 29128 29128 -
2000
124 124 124 124 18766 -29 18737 3279 229 15229 15225 4 32 4 36 4 32 32 e e e
2005
476 476 476 476 6 6 6 6 18930 17 18947 5233 444 13270 13248 22 30 30 30 30
2006
535 535 535 535 11 11 11 11 24281 10 24291 5205 258 18828 18828 27 3 30 30 2 28
2007
439 439 439 439 15 15 15 15 21021 -2 21019 4783 68 16168 16168 35 35 35 6 29
2008e
429 429 429 .. 20 20 20 .. 21041 -95 20946 .. .. .. .. 406 406 .. .. ..
90-07
-2.5 x -2.5 -0.6 -22.5 -1.7 -1.6 x -
Solar thermal (TJ)



e e
Poland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 60643 60643 14571 6 46066 7191 38875 393 393 14 379 379
1995
156943 156943 49 1322 3 155569 20509 135060 118 118 117 1 433 433 8 425 e 2 e 423 e
2000
32 4 36 4 32 32 150485 -292 150193 3461 6 146726 26112 120614 423 423 396 27 788 788 47 741 63 678 e e e
2005
717 717 717 717 174431 174431 17500 2 156929 31020 125909 649 649 649 1586 1586 1163 12 411 68 343
2006
1620 1620 1620 1620 192097 -73 192024 21180 11 170833 41776 129057 791 791 791 1803 1803 1211 15 577 72 505
2007
1777 1777 1777 1777 190510 -924 189586 25434 57 164095 44193 119902 879 879 879 1802 1802 1399 28 375 84 291
2008e
784 784 .. .. 190500 -845 189655 .. .. .. .. .. 1055 1055 .. 1913 1913 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
x 7.0 x 6.9 x 3.3 14.2 7.8 11.3 6.8 9.4 9.4 31.1 -0.1 -1.5
e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

e e
Poland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
8 8 8 80940 -28902 1440 53478 478 53000 53000 61907 -48599 1344 14652 -348 15000 15000 2429 2429 2429 2429 -
2006
19 19 19 119261 -31070 -2056 86135 135 86000 86000 82762 -51528 1282 32516 -484 33000 33000 6364 142 6506 6506 6506 -
2007
27 27 27 92679 20883 -1875 111687 -313 112000 112000 44854 -19440 -107 25307 307 25000 25000 2593 2593 2593 2593 -
2008e
110 110 .. 91859 113376 -7077 198158 .. .. .. 257765 94094 -7408 344451 .. .. .. 5964 5964 .. .. -
90-07
x x x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Portugal
Tables
Graphs
Portugal Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990
Renewables 19.6% Hydro 24.0%
Oil 63.9%
Coal 16.5%
Other(3) 0.4%
TPES(1)
17 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.4% Gas 15.2% Renewables 17.9% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 68.0% Biogas 0.5% Liquid Biomass 4.5% Renew. Mun. Waste 3.1%
Hydro 19.3% Coal 11.5% Oil 52.4% Other(3) 12.7%
TPES(1)
25 Mtoe

20 18 16 14 TWh 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Portugal 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
20.21 3.32
2000
24.67 3.76
2005
26.44 3.47
2006
24.66 4.22
2007
25.07 4.49
2008e
24.37 4.32
90-07
2.4 1.9

16.74 3.28
19.6
84.75 0.20 90 10.00 1.67 28.4
16.4
92.22 0.22 100 10.03 2.02 33.2
15.2
112.65 0.22 100 10.23 2.41 43.4
13.1
117.66 0.22 103 10.55 2.51 46.2
17.1
119.27 0.21 94 10.58 2.33 48.6
17.9
121.57 0.21 94 10.61 2.36 46.9
17.7
121.50 0.20 92 10.47 2.33 45.4
-0.5
2.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.0 3.0

9.85 34.7
3.0
9.39 28.3
4.1
12.87 29.7
5.6
8.26 17.9
6.1
15.72 32.4
6.1
16.22 34.6
6.1
14.65 32.3
..
3.0 -0.0
4.2
0.07 1.1
0.13 2.2
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
4631 e 4409 561 8 8 205 1 e 200
2000
4908 4526 597 14 1 83 64 219 1 238
2005
6476 5034 537 14 2 1064 4 77 273 8 289
2006
7141 5065 1048 25 3 1681 3 77 279 8 304
2007
7685 5052 1029 25 24 2201 3 77 290 13 330
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
4.7 2.5 3.6 20.8 57.3 2.5 4.7
3538 3344 561 1 1 192 e 150
105
140
167
202
213
231
..
4.7
Portugal 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
9501
8454 111 42 1 16 987 1 8513 8454 111 42 1 16 988 987 1 -
2000
13517 e
11715 392 80 1 168 257 e 257 e 1037 2 12485 e 11715 392 80 1 168 257 e 257 e 7 1032 1030 2 -
2005
8952
5118 387 71 3 1773 9 296 296 1351 35 7658 5118 387 71 3 1773 9 296 296 65 27 1294 1286 8 -
2006
16493
11467 465 85 5 2925 13 293 293 1380 32 15184 11467 465 85 5 2925 13 293 293 78 25 1309 1302 7 -
2007
16861
10449 357 201 24 4037 10 276 276 1530 58 15478 10449 357 201 24 4037 276 276 164 51 1383 10 1366 7 -
2008e
15384
7280 447 192 38 5733 8 281 280 1501 71 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
3.1
0.7 5.4 25.9 20.6 63.0 4.8 3.0 0.7 5.4 25.9 20.6 63.0 4.2 4.1 -
9998
9303 146 4 1 1 689 -
Portugal 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Portugal 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
868 868 -867 -1 10092 10092 -
347 347 -347 4037 4037 -
2 2 -2 24 24 -
193 193 -183 10 10 10 201 201 -
26 26 26 26 15 10 -
6 6 -6 10 10 -
94 94 -94 276 276 -
Portugal 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
94 94 -94 276 276 -
2807 2807 -50 -12 -183 2562 1401 37 6 365 93 804 41 56 1 1161 1161 1530 164 1366 -
16 16 -14 -2 58 51 7 -
160 -26 134 -2 133 133 133 -
3 3 3 3 3 -
4616 -26 4590 -2 -1449 -215 -191 2734 1401 37 6 365 93 804 41 56 1 133 133 1200 1176 20 3 16504 15121 1383 -
100.0% x 18.3% x x x x 13.6% 23.8% 5.5% 18.8% 19.8% 17.0% 67.5% 29.7% 12.2% 0.7% 2.1% 2.2% 21.1% 36.6% 0.9% 100.0% 35.2% 37.0% 22.8% -
Portugal 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
1577 1577 1535 42 42 617 617 617 617 -
2000
2921 2921 2879 42 42 770 770 770 770 3648 e 3648 e 3648 e -
2005
2749 2749 2707 42 42 939 939 939 939 218 218 218 4333 4333 4333 -
2006
3671 3671 3241 430 430 988 988 988 988 243 243 243 4201 4201 4201 -
2007
8094 8094 7664 430 430 1071 1071 1071 1071 240 240 240 3935 3935 3935 -
2008e
7342 7342 6912 430 .. 1266 1266 1266 .. 279 279 .. 3826 3826 .. -
90-07
27.3 27.3 26.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Portugal 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 103699 103699 6253 97446 49297 48149 -
1995
106632 106632 6155 100477 52328 48149 -
2000
3647 e 3647 e 3647 e 108637 108637 7551 101086 52937 48149 -
2005
4332 4332 4332 113601 113601 8713 104888 56138 48750 -
2006
4201 4201 4201 114353 114353 8779 105574 56974 48600 -
2007
3935 3935 3935 117559 117559 10279 107280 58680 48600 -
2008e
3826 3826 .. 116598 116598 .. .. .. .. -
90-07
0.7 0.7 3.0 0.6 1.0 0.1 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Portugal 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
21 e 21 e 21 e -
2000
48 48 48 -
2005
424 424 424 159 159 159 -
2006
385 385 385 79000 79000 79000 79000 -
2007
660 660 660 180539 -29233 151306 1306 150000 150000 2911 2911 2911 2911 -
2008e
849 849 .. 163395 -19950 7890 151335 .. .. .. 4800 4800 .. .. -
90-07
x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Slovak Republic
Tables
Graphs
Slovak Republic Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Nuclear 14.7% Renewables 1.5% Gas 23.8% Hydro 49.3%
Oil 21.1%
Coal 36.7%
TPES(1)
21 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Gas 28.5% Renewables 5.4% Nuclear 22.7%
Hydro 39.4% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 79.7%
Other(3) 1.1% Oil 19.8% Coal 22.4%
TPES(1)
18 Mtoe

6 5 4 TWh 3 2 1 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Slovak Republic 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
17.78 0.50
2000
17.74 0.49
2005
18.83 0.81
2006
18.64 0.83
2007
17.85 0.97
2008e
18.20 0.87
90-07
-1.0 6.6

21.33 0.33
1.5
18.91 1.13 130 5.30 4.03 25.5
2.8
17.26 1.03 118 5.36 3.31 26.4
2.8
20.39 0.87 100 5.40 3.29 30.8
4.3
25.92 0.73 83 5.39 3.50 31.4
4.5
28.12 0.66 76 5.39 3.46 31.3
5.4
31.05 0.57 66 5.40 3.31 27.9
4.8
33.00 0.55 63 5.40 3.37 29.3
7.7
3.0 -3.9 -3.9 0.1 -1.2 0.5

1.88 7.4
1.3
4.88 18.5
1.3
4.62 15.0
1.3
4.68 14.9
1.7
4.80 15.4
1.7
4.93 17.7
1.9
4.69 16.0
..
5.8 5.3
2.1
0.01 0.6
0.04 2.6
0.09 4.7
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
2260 2260 735 -
2000
2420 2420 735 e -
2005
2569 2512 916 5 6 44 2 64 e
2006
2634 2513 916 5 6 108 2 72
2007
2665 2515 916 5 2 6 134 3 80
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
-

45 e
50
56
..
Slovak Republic 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
5226 e
5226 346 - e 5226 e 5226 346 - e -
2000
5007 e
4975 360 32 e 5007 e 4975 360 32 e -
2005
4803 e
4741 103 6 23 e 24 e 4 5 4748 4741 103 6 1 55 e 23 e 24 e 4 4 -
2006
4995 e
4566 167 6 1 23 e 24 e 367 8 4573 4566 167 6 1 422 e 1 23 e 24 e 367 7 -
2007
5122
4615 164 8 1 22 23 441 12 4624 4615 164 8 1 498 1 22 23 441 11 -
2008e
4917
4391 203 6 1 23 24 460 12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
4.3
3.6 -7.7 3.6 3.6 -7.7 -
2515
2515 635 -
Slovak Republic 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
2862
2862 e 2862 2862 e -
2000
2892
2892 e 2892 2892 e -
2005
2477 e
140 1 313 107 e 108 e 1673 135 249 17 e 17 e 178 37 2228 e 140 1 313 90 e 91 e 1495 98 -
2006
1936
165 1 36 106 e 106 e 1468 54 625 24 19 e 19 e 532 31 1311 165 1 12 87 e 87 e 936 23 -
2007
2251
185 1 205 80 80 1590 110 919 10 21 21 766 101 1332 185 1 195 59 59 824 9 -
2008e
2862
235 1 261 102 102 2021 140 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
50
6 4 48
2006
31
6 4 29
2007
275
5 4 274
2008e
349
5 4 348
90-07
-
Slovak Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
383 383 -375 -8 4451 4451 -
1 1 -1 8 8 -
10 10 -4 -5 2 2 1 1 185 185
1 1
29 4 33 -6 -1 -8 17 17 17 1 1 205 10 195
19 19 -17 -2 22 22 80 21 59
Slovak Republic 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
19 19 -17 -2 23 23 80 21 59
484 -27 4 461 -8 -62 -21 -6 364 322 1 9 1 276 26 1 9 42 39 1 2 441 441 1590 766 824
1 1 3 3 -
7 7 -4 2 2 2 9 9 103 94 9
2 1 1 4 4 -
14 18 -15 -4 12 12 12 12 -
45 31 -1 4 78 78 78 78 -
1011 53 -43 4 1023 -375 -9 -8 -100 -25 -21 -1 -8 475 339 1 17 9 1 276 26 1 9 90 90 46 39 4 3 4958 4460 498 2251 919 1332
16.9% 0.3% 0.8% x 5.7% x x x x x x x x 4.1% 9.3% 0.1% 3.9% 5.1% 0.6% 48.8% 48.3% 2.2% 6.7% 3.7% 4.7% 1.1% 1.9% 0.2% 2.2% 17.8% 55.8% 2.5% 5.3% 4.0% 6.7%
Slovak Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 321 321 321 321 -
1995
8803 8803 3671 4671 461 461 -
2000
13473 13473 3888 8628 957 945 12 -
2005
337 337 280 57 57 1 1 1 1405 7 -29 1383 532 140 711 711 730 e 730 e 730 e -
2006
397 397 330 67 67 1 1 1 915 15 -40 890 58 80 99 653 652 1 880 e 880 e 880 e -
2007
438 438 370 68 68 1 1 1 1222 157 3 1382 289 48 340 705 704 1 805 805 805 -
2008e
545 545 470 75 .. 11 11 1 10 1000 1000 .. .. .. .. .. .. 900 900 .. -
90-07
8.2 x 9.0 x 4.7 4.7 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Slovak Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 6965 6965 6965 6965 -
1995
3196 53 3249 3249 3095 154 -
2000
4169 -346 3823 3823 3798 25 e e e
2005
731 e 731 e 731 e 16656 -915 -382 15359 2232 13127 11598 1529 2 2 2 179 179 140 39 15 24
2006
880 e 880 e 880 e 16924 -1168 -127 15629 4401 2 6 11220 10051 1169 16 16 16 287 287 76 10 201 17 184
2007
805 805 805 20266 -1147 183 19302 4046 15256 13488 1768 9 9 9 286 286 183 8 95 17 78
2008e
900 900 .. 20000 -2000 18000 .. .. .. .. 15 15 .. 300 300 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
6.5 x 6.2 x 4.7 4.0 x -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Slovak Republic 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
24 24 24 35000 -20000 -4000 11000 11000 11000 2 2 2 2
2006
15 15 15 2000 2000 2000 2000 43000 2000 -1000 44000 44000 44000 -
2007
19 19 19 24000 4000 -7000 21000 21000 21000 46000 31000 4000 81000 81000 81000 -
2008e
20 20 .. 74000 -25000 49000 .. .. 39000 -26000 13000 .. .. -
90-07
x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Spain
Tables
Graphs
Spain Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Renewables 6.9%
Biogas 0.3%
Oil 50.5%
Coal 21.4%
TPES(1)
90 Mtoe

Gas 22.1% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 10.0% Other(3) 25.2% Hydro 23.9% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 82.7% Biogas 3.6% Liquid Biomass 7.6% Renew. Mun. Waste 6.1%
Renewables 6.9%
Oil 47.2%
Coal 13.9%
TPES(1)
144 Mtoe

70 60 50 TWh 40 30 20 10 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Spain 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
100.82 5.51
2000
121.95 6.93
2005
141.83 8.37
2006
141.48 9.13
2007
143.95 9.98
2008e
137.78 10.01
90-07
2.8 2.8

90.09 6.19
6.9
440.64 0.20 97 39.01 2.31 151.2
5.5
474.85 0.21 101 39.39 2.56 165.6
5.7
580.67 0.21 100 40.26 3.03 222.2
5.9
681.88 0.21 99 43.40 3.27 288.9
6.5
708.39 0.20 95 44.07 3.21 295.5
6.9
734.34 0.20 93 44.87 3.21 300.2
7.3
742.80 0.19 88 45.70 3.02 306.5
0.1
3.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.8 2.0 4.1

25.98 17.2
17.7
24.41 14.7
20.5
35.81 16.1
26.2
41.74 14.4
31.6
52.08 17.6
32.5
58.68 19.5
33.6
60.54 19.8
..
4.9 0.8
3.8
0.07 0.3
0.26 0.8
0.17 0.5
0.39 1.1
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
17084 16784 5095 7 98 69 126 319
2000
20472 17960 5288 12 2206 94 150 50 403
2005
28893 18220 5347 60 9918 189 354 152 797
2006
30957 18318 5347 169 11 11722 189 388 160 948
2007
34868 18372 5347 638 11 15097 189 396 165 1198
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
4.5 0.7 0.5 37.1 69.1 12.1 7.5 8.9
16378 16231 4911 3 2 27 115 281
197
223
282
558
664
839
..
8.9
Spain 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 26271 e 26184 770 6 14 50 e 17 e 605 e 80 e 80 e 445 e -
1995
26178 e
24569 1457 15 270 118 196 e 195 e 668 147 25203 24569 1457 15 270 118 96 135 975 e 196 e 195 e 572 12 -
2000
38652 e
31807 2237 18 4727 274 334 e 333 e 841 318 e 37973 e 31807 2237 18 4727 274 334 e 333 e 176 304 e 679 665 14 -
2005
47346 e
23025 5153 41 21176 .. 451 e 451 e 1579 623 46589 e 23025 5153 41 21176 .. 451 e 451 e 874 571 757 705 52 -
2006
56622
29831 3941 119 23297 .. 601 601 1573 600 54997 29831 3941 119 23297 .. 601 601 275 273 1625 1298 327 -
2007
62459
30807 3044 500 8 27509 737 737 1553 608 60844 30807 3044 500 8 27509 737 737 272 274 1615 1281 334 -
2008e
64206
25928 2612 2455 37 31508 1057 1057 1579 585 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
5.1
1.0 8.4 29.7 56.2 14.0 14.0 7.4 5.1 1.0 8.4 29.7 56.2 17.7 5.9 6.4 -
26876 e
26184 770 6 14 50 e 80 e 80 e 462 e -
Spain 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Spain 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
2388 2388 -2335 -53 27763 27763 -
2366 2366 -2364 -1 27509 27509 -
43 43 -42 -1 500 500 -
8 8 8 8 1 7 -
94 94 -2 93 2 1 91 66 23 1 1 8 8 -
.. .. .. -
309 309 -107 -202 737 737 -
Spain 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
309 309 -107 -202 737 737 -
4205 4205 -13 -58 -441 3694 1563 1 14 137 1 284 646 381 5 5 90 2132 2036 70 19 7 1553 272 1281 -
116 116 -69 -19 28 28 28 407 217 190 -
49 49 -15 -10 23 12 12 12 12 151 48 103 -
19 19 -3 -4 12 12 8 4 50 9 41 -
220 -105 115 -1 114 114 114 -
162 135 -26 271 2 273 273 273 -
10288 135 -131 10292 1 -4968 -606 -474 4245 1589 1 14 137 1 304 650 381 6 5 90 387 387 2271 2102 134 27 8 59415 57800 1615 -
33.9% 0.1% 1.0% 7.2% x x x x 4.1% 6.1% 0.0% 0.3% 1.9% 0.1% 13.0% 28.9% 56.5% 1.3% 0.8% 7.2% 1.0% 1.2% 7.6% 13.2% 1.5% 0.9% 0.5% 19.8% 21.5% 5.2% -
Spain 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 853 853 353 500 500 1697 1697 1663 34 e
1995
142 142 142 142 e 1032 1032 1032 31 1001 5041 5041 1771 3270 3270 3923 3923 3874 49 e
2000
321 321 321 321 1303 1303 1303 4 1299 3134 e 3134 e 3134 e .. .. 4803 e 4803 e 4803 e -
2005
321 321 321 321 2572 2572 2 1 2569 54 2515 .. .. .. .. .. 7925 e 7925 e 7925 e -
2006
322 322 322 322 3066 3066 2 3064 63 3001 .. .. .. .. .. 10556 10556 10556 -
2007
322 322 322 322 3949 3949 72 1 3876 72 3804 .. .. .. .. .. 12945 12945 12945 -
2008e
342 342 342 .. 5517 5517 346 .. 5171 .. .. 11324 11324 .. -
90-07
12.7 12.7 12.8 -
Solar thermal (TJ)


e e
e e
e e
e e

Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors e e
e e e
e e e
Spain 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 1696 1696 1662 34 e
1995
3923 3923 3874 49 e
2000
4802 e 4802 e 4802 e 151702 e 151702 e 11882 e 126 139694 53880 85814 2672 2672 2652 20 20 2067 e 2067 e 1688 e 379 379
2005
7924 e 7924 e 7924 e 174840 174840 30632 160 144048 56561 87487 9903 9903 9544 359 359 2380 2380 1875 505 96 409
2006
10556 10556 10556 176109 176109 21679 154430 65482 88948 4804 4804 3636 1168 1168 2026 2026 1063 963 468 495
2007
12945 12945 12945 176106 176106 21400 154706 65442 89264 4859 4859 3666 1193 1193 2043 2043 1062 981 482 499
2008e
11324 11324 .. 162654 162654 .. .. .. .. 4879 4879 .. .. .. 1489 1489 .. .. .. ..
90-07
12.7 12.7 12.8 0.4 0.4 13.9 -0.3 -0.9 0.2 -
e e e
e e e

165624 e 165624 e 2345 e 163279 76453 86826 138183 e 138183 e 3912 e 134271 50883 83388 2090 2090 2090 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Spain 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
1065 1065 175 890 882 8 -
2000
753 e 753 e 102 e 651 648 3 80000 e 80000 e - e 80000 80000 -
2005
986 986 322 664 661 3 177000 177000 177000 177000 162000 162000 162000 162000 -
2006
777 777 275 502 499 3 179000 179000 179000 179000 63000 63000 63000 63000 -
2007
791 791 288 503 500 3 342000 -163000 179000 2000 177000 177000 180000 121000 301000 -2000 303000 303000 -
2008e
1243 1243 .. .. .. .. 250485 -112513 137972 .. .. .. 342000 240657 582657 .. .. .. -
90-07
3.7 3.7 1.0 1.0 x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Sweden
Tables
Graphs
Sweden Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Renewables 24.4% Nuclear 37.6% Hydro 54.1% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 97.4%
Coal 5.8%
Oil 30.3% Non-Renew. Waste 0.5% Gas 1.2%
TPES(1)
47 Mtoe

Nuclear 34.6% Renewables 30.3% Hydro 37.2% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 89.1% Biogas 0.5% Coal 4.7% Liquid Biomass 4.5% Renew. Mun. Waste 5.8%
Other(3) 0.9%
TPES
Gas 1.8% (1)
Oil 26.4%
50 Mtoe

90 80 70 60 TWh 50 40 30 20 10 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Sweden 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
50.33 12.84
2000
47.56 14.74
2005
51.57 14.83
2006
50.20 14.39
2007
50.42 15.29
2008e
49.73 15.79
90-07
0.4 1.7

47.20 11.53
24.4
201.52 0.23 121 8.56 5.51 146.0
25.5
208.38 0.24 125 8.83 5.70 148.3
31.0
245.57 0.19 100 8.87 5.36 145.2
28.7
278.60 0.19 96 9.03 5.71 158.4
28.7
290.43 0.17 89 9.08 5.53 143.3
30.3
297.82 0.17 87 9.15 5.51 148.8
31.8
297.10 0.17 86 9.22 5.40 149.5
1.3
2.3 -1.9 -1.9 0.4 -0.0 0.1

74.45 51.0
6.1
70.56 47.6
6.4
83.14 57.2
6.7
81.23 51.3
7.3
71.07 49.6
7.3
77.43 52.0
7.4
80.30 53.7
..
0.2 0.1
1.1
0.13 1.9
0.19 2.6
0.28 3.9
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
17497 16152 427 2 67 76 1200 135
2000
18319 16525 19 3 209 74 1490 18 207
2005
19821 16345 43 4 493 120 291 2526 42 371
2006
20767 16270 36 5 516 93 657 3202 24 409
2007
20556 16637 45 1 710 200 414 2570 24 440
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.9 0.1 -12.4 30.2 16.7 4.6 9.8
17569 16331 427 8 30 1200 90
63
95
145
260
286
308
..
9.8
Sweden 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 73039 73033 530 6 2005 e 41 62 1902 e -
1995
70683
68160 58 99 46 70 2278 30 68259 68160 58 99 2424 46 70 2278 30 -
2000
83418
78619 35 457 101 96 143 3970 32 79076 78619 35 457 4342 101 96 143 3970 32 -
2005
82167
72874 71 936 81 524 785 6848 54 65 73810 72874 71 936 8357 81 524 785 6848 54 65
2006
72080
61738 16 987 145 568 851 7503 46 242 62725 61738 16 987 9355 145 568 851 7503 46 242
2007
78274
66188 28 1430 78 1109 742 8496 64 167 67618 66188 28 1430 10656 78 1109 742 8496 64 167
2008e
80907
68899 102 1974 57 679 452 8801 26 19 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.2
-0.6 -15.9 38.0 21.4 15.7 9.2 -0.5 -0.6 -15.9 38.0 10.3 21.4 15.7 9.2 -
75044 e
73033 530 6 41 62 1902 e -
Sweden 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 8518 e 1869 2804 3845 e 16016 3110 4765 8141 e -
1995
68448
5735 8603 53340 770 40923 3945 5918 30679 381 27525 1790 2685 22661 389 -
2000
90539
508 6663 9996 72330 1042 57787 489 4388 6583 45738 589 32752 19 2275 3413 26592 453 -
2005
118879
1144 8577 12866 92685 866 2741 77421 920 5954 8931 60282 607 727 41458 224 2623 3935 32403 259 2014
2006
120952
1548 8646 12969 93059 961 3769 75599 1548 6054 9081 55737 617 2562 45353 2592 3888 37322 344 1207
2007
120825
821 15539 10365 88070 1471 4559 78822 821 11557 7705 56324 670 1745 42003 3982 2660 31746 801 2814
2008e
140358
791 19132 12755 102931 944 3805 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
9.8
6.9 1.9 12.4 14.0 11.3 6.1 17.1 5.8 1.5 -3.4 8.3 -
24534 e
4979 7569 11986 e -
1990
Total heat
1995
13290
19814 6524 -
2000
14967
21283 6317 -
2005
12311
17615 5304 -
2006
11904
16605 4701 -
2007
11844
16557 4713 -
2008e
11185
15784 4599 -
90-07
.. .. -
..
.. -
Sweden 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
5690 5690 -5688 -1 66160 66160 -
123 123 -123 1430 1430 -
9 9 9 9 9 -
31 31 -31 78 78 821 821 -
553 553 -440 -113 1109 1109 15539 11557 3982
Sweden 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
369 369 -294 -76 742 742 10365 7705 2660
8439 8439 -1393 -1096 -913 5038 4081 10 1 9 3614 418 29 957 603 44 310 8496 8496 88070 56324 31746
20 20 -10 -9 26 26 603 275 328
27 27 -14 -13 35 35 810 369 441
2 2 -1 -1 3 3 58 26 32
182 182 182 182 182 -
102 102 102 102 102 -
145 145 -66 -79 167 167 4559 1745 2814
15692 15692 -5811 -1 -2249 -1096 -1204 5331 4081 10 1 9 3614 418 29 284 284 966 612 44 310 78246 67590 10656 120825 78822 42003
46.7% 31.1% x x x x x 15.5% 33.4% 1.2% 0.2% 2.3% 58.4% 64.9% 3.0% 3.5% 3.9% 8.3% 9.1% 1.1% 43.1% 52.6% 50.2% 75.3% 68.1% 71.1% 63.1%
Sweden 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 133 133 133 133 209 209 209 209 5856 e 5856 e 5856 -
1995
200 200 200 200 84 84 84 84 6615 e 6615 e 6615 -
2000
223 223 223 223 1061 1061 1061 8347 e 8347 e 8347 -
2005
247 247 247 247 1703 1703 1703 12332 12332 12332 -
2006
241 241 241 241 2496 2496 2496 12811 12811 12811 -
2007
360 360 360 360 1309 1309 1309 23178 23178 23178 -
2008e
360 360 360 .. 578 578 .. 25853 25853 .. -
90-07
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 11.4 11.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Sweden 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 8784 e 8784 e 8784 215730 215730 21839 193891 153614 40277 -
1995
9921 e 9921 e 9921 284018 284018 71786 e 212232 172664 39568 352 352 352 650 650 650 -
2000
12522 e 12522 e 12522 322717 322717 101281 221436 181457 39979 443 443 443 819 819 819 -
2005
18485 18485 18485 332291 332291 140798 191493 148673 42820 423 423 423 785 785 785 -
2006
19217 19217 19217 348860 348860 144925 203935 164318 39617 464 464 464 860 860 860 -
2007
15459 15459 15459 353409 353409 142441 210968 170901 40067 830 830 830 1114 1114 1114 -
2008e
17234 17234 .. 360032 360032 .. .. .. .. 508 508 .. 681 681 .. -
90-07
3.4 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.9 11.7 0.5 0.6 -0.0 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Sweden 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
64 64 64 -
2000
80 80 80 -
2005
39 39 39 198815 198815 -185 199000 199000 7900 7900 -100 8000 8000 83096 83096 83096 -
2006
34 34 34 224766 224766 -234 225000 225000 48455 48455 455 48000 48000 131213 131213 131213 -
2007
80 80 80 283797 283797 -203 284000 284000 114400 114400 400 114000 114000 145095 145095 145095 -
2008e
48 48 .. 333200 333200 .. .. .. 144876 144876 .. .. .. 107878 107878 .. -
90-07
x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Switzerland
Tables
Graphs
Switzerland
Non-Renew. Waste 1.3% Gas 6.9%

Nuclear 26.0% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 18.9% Other(3) 2.1% Renewables 13.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 70.9% Biogas 6.2% Renew. Mun. Waste 22.8%
Oil 51.5%
Coal 1.5%
Hydro 79.0%
TPES(1)
24 Mtoe

Non-Renew. Waste 3.0% Nuclear 28.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 29.1% Biogas 4.8% Liquid Biomass 0.8%
Gas 10.2%
Renew. Mun. Waste 37.7% Other(3) 4.3%
Renewables 17.7%
Oil 40.6%
Coal 0.7%
Hydro 66.6%
TPES(1)
26 Mtoe

50 45 40 35 TWh 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Switzerland 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
23.62 3.89
2000
24.46 4.06
2005
25.83 4.07
2006
26.98 4.13
2007
25.72 4.55
2008e
26.66 4.69
90-07
0.5 2.0

23.79 3.25
13.6
224.77 0.11 108 6.80 3.50 55.0
16.5
225.89 0.10 107 7.02 3.36 62.2
16.6
249.91 0.10 100 7.16 3.41 66.1
15.7
266.33 0.10 99 7.42 3.48 57.8
15.3
275.34 0.10 100 7.46 3.62 62.1
17.7
284.50 0.09 92 7.51 3.42 66.5
17.6
289.10 0.09 94 7.51 3.55 67.2
1.5
1.4 -0.9 -0.9 0.6 -0.1 1.1

30.23 55.0
4.8
35.75 57.4
4.8
37.69 57.0
5.5
32.28 55.9
5.5
32.14 51.7
5.5
36.48 54.9
5.6
37.32 55.6
..
1.1 -0.0
1.0
0.01 0.1
0.01 0.1
0.01 0.2
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
13580 13345 1455 8 218 9 1000
2000
15184 14895 1655 15 3 262 9 1303
2005
15357 15010 1655 26 12 302 7 1417
2006
15390 15010 1655 29 12 335 4 1456
2007
15486 15101 1636 34 12 336 3 1509
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.9 0.8 0.7 18.1 4.9 5.5
13278 13125 1455 2 148 3 603
422
700
912
992
1019
1056
..
5.5
Switzerland 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 31207 30982 1187 1 102 102 20 576 e 44 216 216 40 60 e -
1995
37051 e
35954 785 5 106 411 411 41 123 e 36234 35954 785 5 114 114 47 817 e 106 297 297 41 76 e -
2000
39990 e
38230 1396 11 3 270 634 634 58 150 e 38602 38230 1396 11 3 157 157 44 1388 e 270 477 477 58 106 e -
2005
35211
33086 1860 19 8 278 797 797 77 149 33294 33086 1860 19 8 83 83 15 1917 278 714 714 77 134 -
2006
35251
32883 1924 23 15 284 908 908 72 158 33097 32883 1924 23 15 83 83 10 2154 284 825 825 72 148 -
2007
39089
36737 1487 27 16 230 890 890 128 171 36951 36737 1487 27 16 82 82 7 2138 230 808 808 128 164 -
2008e
40395
37935 1898 27 16 241 932 932 134 178 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
1.2
1.0 1.3 21.4 10.2 6.2 6.2 7.1 4.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 21.4 -1.3 -1.3 -6.0 8.0 10.2 8.1 8.1 7.1 6.1 -
31783 e
30982 1187 1 44 318 318 40 80 e -
Switzerland 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: CHP plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 5367 42 2659 2659 7 180 90 90 -
1995
7156
240 3433 3433 50 7064 240 3412 3412 92 21 21 50 -
2000
7960
326 3760 3760 64 50 7620 326 3615 3615 64 340 145 145 50 -
2005
9653
398 4539 4539 156 21 9334 398 4390 4390 156 319 149 149 21 -
2006
10330
394 4859 4859 205 13 10317 394 4859 4859 205 13 13 -
2007
11075
415 5012 5012 617 19 11056 415 5012 5012 617 19 19 -
2008e
11573
434 5237 5237 645 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
4.2
14.4 3.6 3.6 30.1 4.3 14.4 3.8 3.8 30.1 -12.4 -
5547
42 2749 2749 7 -
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Switzerland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
3032 3032 -2811 -220 35250 35250 -
1 1 -1 16 16 -
2 2 -2 27 27 -
163 163 163 12 12 152 130 21 1 1 -
27 27 27 27 13 3 11 -
276 276 -32 244 244 40 1 115 81 7 230 230 415 415 -
500 500 -28 -236 235 235 235 890 82 808 5012 5012 -
Switzerland 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
500 500 -28 -236 235 235 235 890 82 808 5012 5012 -
740 20 -7 752 -35 -17 700 238 3 4 1 33 72 2 123 462 310 120 32 128 128 617 617 -
3 3 -1 -1 7 7 19 19
43 43 -13 29 3 3 27 27 116 116 -
18 18 -11 7 4 4 3 1 2 48 48 -
3 3 3 3 3 -
8 8 8 8 8 -
5316 20 -7 5328 -2811 -280 -35 -545 -1 1651 501 3 40 1 115 4 1 114 79 2 142 11 11 1141 453 641 45 3 37602 35464 2138 11075 11056 19
42.1% 0.1% 0.2% 20.7% x x x x x 8.1% 12.4% 1.3% 5.2% 1.9% 26.4% 0.8% 0.2% 18.7% 34.4% 2.7% 21.5% 0.2% 0.2% 11.6% 8.0% 17.4% 34.2% 0.9% 56.6% 55.9% 70.5% 64.9% 86.3% 0.5%
Switzerland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
1995
3251 3251 3251 3251 646 646 646 646 8450 8450 920 7530 7530 7265 7265 7265 -
2000
3808 3808 3808 273 3535 980 980 980 15 965 11350 11350 1475 9875 9875 9112 9112 9112 -
2005
5743 5743 5743 412 5331 1039 1039 1039 16 1023 12050 12050 1570 10480 10480 17555 17555 10014 7541 7541
2006
6322 6322 6322 454 5868 1077 1077 1077 17 1060 12250 12250 1581 10669 10669 18780 18780 10979 7801 7801
2007
6841 6841 6841 491 6350 1144 1144 1144 18 1126 11560 11560 1335 10225 10225 20935 20935 11079 9856 9856
2008e
7402 7402 7402 .. .. 1215 1215 1215 .. .. 11000 11000 .. .. .. 19720 19720 .. .. ..
90-07
6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.8 3.3 3.3 10.3 2.7 2.7 7.8 7.8 3.8 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Switzerland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 5874 5874 5874 17697 e 556 e 18253 e 186 18067 18067 247 e 247 e 185 e 62 62 1257 1257 285 972 79 893 e
1995
7265 7265 7265 22443 290 22733 180 22553 5365 17188 614 e 614 e 521 e 93 93 1404 1404 347 1057 93 964 e
2000
9112 9112 9112 21023 21023 -1 339 20685 7043 13642 573 e 573 e 508 e 65 1 64 1617 1617 452 1165 1165 e
2005
17555 17555 10014 7541 7541 30683 -30 30653 930 29723 10100 19623 205 205 197 8 1 7 1869 1869 532 1337 122 1215
2006
18780 18780 10979 7801 7801 32171 32171 938 31233 10613 20620 135 135 123 12 2 10 1767 1767 546 1221 111 1110
2007
20935 20935 11079 9856 9856 30970 510 31480 2172 29308 9959 19349 106 106 96 10 2 8 1783 1783 559 1224 111 1113
2008e
19720 19720 .. .. .. 34434 430 34864 .. .. .. .. 83 83 .. .. .. .. 1799 1799 .. .. .. ..
90-07
7.8 7.8 3.8 3.3 -0.5 3.3 x 15.6 2.9 0.4 -4.9 -4.9 -3.8 -10.2 -11.3 2.1 2.1 4.0 1.4 2.0 1.3
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

e e
e e
e e
e e e
e e e
e e e
Switzerland 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 101 101 17 84 42 42 -
1995
159 e 159 e 38 e 121 79 42 -
2000
300 300 102 e 198 120 78 -
2005
375 375 248 127 71 56 1000 1000 1000 1000 7000 7000 7000 7000 -
2006
605 605 332 273 153 120 1000 1000 1000 1000 8000 8000 8000 8000 -
2007
762 762 455 307 172 135 2531 2531 -469 3000 3000 10511 10511 -489 11000 11000 -
2008e
960 960 .. .. .. .. 2607 2607 .. .. .. 11184 11184 .. .. .. -
90-07
12.6 12.6 21.3 7.9 8.6 7.1 x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Turkey
Tables
Graphs
Turkey Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 5.4% Oil 44.4% Renewables 18.3% Hydro 20.6% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 74.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 100.0%
Other(3) 4.8% Coal 32.0%
TPES(1)
53 Mtoe

Gas 30.4% Hydro 32.1% Renewables 9.6% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 99.5%
Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 52.3% Biogas 0.3% Liquid Biomass 0.2%
Oil 30.7%
Other(3) 15.6% Coal 29.4%
TPES(1)
100 Mtoe

50 45 40 35 TWh 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Turkey 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
61.55 10.78
2000
76.35 10.10
2005
84.38 10.13
2006
93.03 10.36
2007
100.01 9.60
2008e
96.45 9.13
90-07
3.8 -0.0

52.76 9.66
18.3
185.95 0.28 99 56.20 0.94 57.5
17.5
217.79 0.28 99 61.64 1.00 86.2
13.2
266.56 0.29 100 67.46 1.13 124.9
12.0
333.03 0.25 88 72.07 1.17 162.0
11.1
355.99 0.26 91 72.97 1.27 176.3
9.6
371.84 0.27 94 73.90 1.35 191.6
9.5
384.10 0.25 88 74.86 1.29 198.6
-3.7
4.2 -0.3 -0.3 1.6 2.2 7.3

23.23 40.4
8.4
35.85 41.6
10.3
31.15 24.9
10.5
39.75 24.5
10.7
44.52 25.3
12.4
36.46 19.0
14.1
34.33 17.3
..
2.7 -4.3
3.1
0.02 0.2
0.01 0.1
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
9895 9863 18 14 -
2000
11307 11175 18 19 19 72 4 7700
2005
13050 12906 15 21 27 72 9 11000
2006
13258 13063 23 59 27 72 14 11500
2007
13679 13395 23 146 27 72 16 12000
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
4.2 4.1 1.5 -
6782 6764 18 -

5390
7700
8050
8400
..
Turkey 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
1995
35849
35541 86 222 35627 35541 86 222 222 -
2000
31208
30879 76 33 54 145 21 31116 30879 76 33 54 53 21 92 92 -
2005
39836
39561 94 59 88 5 29 39832 39561 94 59 88 2 28 4 3 1 -
2006
44618
44244 94 127 96 22 35 44598 44244 94 127 96 5 32 20 17 3 -
2007
36576
35851 156 355 119 25 70 36555 35851 156 355 119 7 67 21 18 3 -
2008e
34373
33283 98 797 43 20 132 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
2.7
2.6 4.0 2.7 2.6 4.0 -
23228
23148 80 -
Turkey 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
Turkey 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
3083 3083 -3005 -79 35851 35851 -
31 31 -30 355 355 -
1048 1048 -134 914 914 914 156 156 -
420 420 420 126 126 294 294 -
34 34 -34 119 119 -
Turkey 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
4993 4993 -3 -6 4984 4984 4984 25 7 18 -
1 1 -1 4 1 3 -
14 14 -8 -6 66 66 -
12 12 12 12 12 -
9636 9636 -3177 -122 -7 6330 126 126 12 12 6192 6192 36576 36555 21 -
35.3% 9.6% x x x 8.3% 0.5% 1.2% 0.1% 0.1% 20.0% 29.9% 19.1% 20.0% 0.2% -
Turkey 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 18137 18137 2880 15257 15257 1172 1172 1172 335 837 -
1995
21384 21384 3096 18288 18288 5986 5986 5986 1591 4395 -
2000
28623 28623 2736 25887 25887 10967 10967 10967 4060 6907 648 e 648 e 648 e -
2005
42161 42161 3398 38763 38763 16111 16111 16111 5065 11046 1056 1056 1056 -
2006
40974 40974 3384 37590 37590 16849 16849 16849 5086 11763 1152 1152 1152 -
2007
43869 43869 5609 38260 38260 17581 17581 17581 5274 12307 1428 1428 1428 -
2008e
40852 40852 3528 37324 .. 17515 17515 17515 .. .. 516 516 .. -
90-07
5.3 5.3 4.0 5.6 5.6 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.6 17.1 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



Turkey 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 301722 301722 301722 301722 -
1995
295863 295863 11625 284238 284238 e
2000
271875 e 271875 e 1585 270290 270290 -
2005
222947 222947 46 222901 222901 58 58 58 -
2006
214924 214924 319 214605 214605 48 48 48 -
2007
209100 209100 372 208728 208728 48 48 48 -
2008e
199359 199359 .. .. .. 48 48 .. -
90-07
-2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -
e e
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

Turkey 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)

1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
209 209 209 -
2005
237 237 237 -
2006
283 283 283 22000 22000 22000 22000 -
2007
581 581 581 14000 14000 14000 14000 -
2008e
1150 1150 .. 15000 15000 .. .. -
90-07
-
Biodiesel (tonnes)

United Kingdom
Tables
Graphs
United Kingdom Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Oil 37.5% Gas 22.8% Hydro 43.5% Nuclear 8.3% Renewables 0.5% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 55.3% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 53.2%
Biogas 34.5%
Coal 30.5%
Other(3) 1.1%
TPES(1)
207 Mtoe

Gas 38.8% Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Other(3) 11.4% Hydro 10.0% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 78.7% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 31.9%
Nuclear 7.8%
Renewables 2.1% Renew. Mun. Waste 12.1% Oil 32.6% Coal 18.3% Liquid Biomass 10.0%
Biogas 46.0%
TPES(1)
211 Mtoe

30 25 20 TWh 15 10 5 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
United Kingdom 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
217.10 1.84
2000
223.99 2.26
2005
222.75 3.79
2006
219.43 4.08
2007
211.31 4.40
2008e
207.42 5.12
90-07
0.1 8.9

207.17 1.03
0.5
1150.46 0.18 119 57.24 3.62 317.8
0.8
1247.91 0.17 115 58.03 3.74 332.5
1.0
1477.51 0.15 100 58.89 3.80 374.4
1.7
1666.61 0.13 88 60.22 3.70 395.4
1.9
1713.90 0.13 84 60.59 3.62 394.0
2.1
1765.77 0.12 79 60.78 3.48 392.3
2.5
1777.60 0.12 77 61.06 3.40 386.2
8.8
2.6 -2.4 -2.4 0.4 -0.2 1.2

5.81 1.8
36.4
6.87 2.1
36.8
9.97 2.7
38.9
16.94 4.3
39.7
18.12 4.6
39.9
19.67 5.0
40.4
22.02 5.7
..
7.4 6.1
0.6
0.07 0.2
0.18 0.4
0.35 0.9
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
4735 4220 2788 200 87 46 182 254
2000
5473 4273 2788 2 1 412 184 133 468 396
2005
7475 4289 2788 11 1 1565 234 475 900 863
2006
7900 4240 2726 14 1 1955 237 512 941 1066
2007
8517 4269 2744 14 1 2477 237 530 989 1320
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
4.5 0.5 -0.1 38.3 12.7 15.1 11.6
4028 3897 2787 10 31 90 205
144
178
277
604
746
924
..
11.6
United Kingdom 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 7560 7189 1982 9 140 83 139 316 316 -
1995
8835
6390 1552 391 471 412 199 972 8425 6390 1552 391 471 412 199 562 410 410 -
2000
13183
7780 2694 1 947 840 519 541 2555 12761 7780 2694 1 947 804 500 541 2188 422 36 19 367 -
2005
22427
7852 2930 8 2904 1977 964 578 3382 4762 20692 7852 2930 8 2904 779 890 534 3382 4343 1735 1198 74 44 419 -
2006
24335
8446 3853 11 4225 1716 1083 650 3324 4880 22680 8446 3853 11 4225 698 931 559 3324 4486 1655 1018 152 91 394 -
2007
25628
8948 3859 11 5274 1397 1177 707 2920 5194 23880 8948 3859 11 5274 351 1022 614 2920 4740 1748 1046 155 93 454 -
2008e
28348
9113 4089 14 7111 1485 1251 751 3103 5520 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
7.2
1.3 4.0 45.5 13.3 13.4 15.4 7.0 1.3 4.0 45.5 12.4 12.5 23.1 10.6 2.2 -
7876
7189 1982 9 140 83 455 -
United Kingdom 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
United Kingdom 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
438 438 -356 -81 5089 5089 -
454 454 -454 5274 5274 -
1 1 -1 11 11 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
45 45 45 45 45 -
351 351 -144 -208 1397 351 1046 -
418 418 -307 -36 75 39 39 35 10 21 4 1177 1022 155 -
United Kingdom 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
251 251 -184 -22 45 24 24 21 6 13 2 707 614 93 -
784 318 1102 -354 -297 451 89 89 361 301 60 2920 2920 -
1393 1393 -1380 13 13 13 4678 4678 -
199 199 -68 -85 46 46 46 516 62 454 -
9 68 77 77 77 77 -
375 -106 269 -1 268 268 268 -
4719 386 -106 4999 -1 -710 -2916 -351 1021 165 165 345 345 509 317 80 60 52 21769 20021 1748 -
2.7% 0.3% 0.1% 2.4% x x x x 0.7% 0.5% 1.9% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.5% 7.3% 3.1% 5.6% 5.5% 6.5% -
United Kingdom 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 33 33 33 33 428 428 428 428 676 676 676 e 398 278 2933 2933 2033 900 900
1995
33 33 33 33 428 428 428 428 1909 1909 1909 e 398 1511 5682 5682 4931 751 751
2000
33 33 33 33 469 469 469 469 1472 1472 1472 1472 11055 11055 10266 789 92 697
2005
33 33 33 33 1229 1229 1229 1229 14789 14789 14789 15560 15560 1 12607 2952 1242 1710
2006
33 33 33 33 1519 1519 1519 1519 12534 12534 12534 16816 16816 14153 2663 1183 1480
2007
33 33 33 33 1879 1879 1879 1879 14710 14710 14710 17514 17514 -1 14381 3134 1654 1480
2008e
33 33 33 .. 1879 1879 1879 .. 15637 15637 .. 18615 18615 .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 19.9 19.9 11.1 11.1 x 12.2 7.6 3.0
Solar thermal (TJ)



United Kingdom 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 1747 1747 1211 536 536 12685 12685 12685 2386 10299 2999 2999 1718 1281 1281 5223 5223 3904 1319 1319
1995
4966 4966 4310 656 656 37090 37090 4685 32405 20850 11555 7510 7510 6945 565 565 7295 7295 5072 2223 2223
2000
6441 6441 6028 413 54 359 27588 27588 6742 20846 11137 9709 27566 27566 27038 528 528 6346 6346 4537 1809 1809
2005
9336 9336 7564 1772 745 1027 34748 14806 49554 33616 15938 3331 12607 53553 53553 53025 528 528 7834 7834 5814 2020 2020
2006
10089 10089 -1 8492 1598 710 888 33116 17479 50595 33338 17257 3390 13867 55207 55207 54679 528 528 7352 7352 5630 1722 1722
2007
10508 10508 -1 8629 1880 992 888 32838 13301 46139 27273 18866 3738 15128 58326 58326 57798 528 528 8331 8331 6387 1944 1944
2008e
11162 11162 .. .. .. .. .. 34896 13301 48197 .. .. .. .. 61992 61992 .. .. .. 8848 8848 .. .. ..
90-07
11.1 11.1 x 12.2 7.7 3.0 5.8 7.9 2.4 2.7 2.3 19.1 19.1 23.0 -5.1 -5.1 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.3
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

United Kingdom 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
-
2000
-
2005
67439 67439 439 67000 67000 8860 20057 28917 -83 29000 29000 -
2006
75207 75207 207 75000 75000 256072 -76558 -30864 148650 -350 149000 149000 -
2007
13746 107126 120872 -128 121000 121000 426786 -121436 305350 350 305000 305000 -
2008e
43874 107126 151000 .. .. .. 860436 -121436 739000 .. .. .. -
90-07
x x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

United States
Tables
Graphs
United States Figure 1. Contribution of Renewables in 1990

Gas 22.9% Non-Renew. Waste 0.2% Nuclear 8.3% Hydro 24.4% Biogas Renew. Mun. 1.3% Waste 3.6% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 60.6%
Renewables 5.0% Oil 39.6% Coal 24.0% Other(3) 15.0%
TPES(1)
1,913 Mtoe

Gas 23.0% Non-Renew. Waste 0.3% Nuclear 9.3% Renewables 4.7% Oil 38.9% Other(3) 11.9% Solid Biomass/ Charcoal 69.6% Hydro 19.4% Renewable Combustibles and Waste(2) 68.7% Biogas 5.8% Liquid Biomass 19.5%
Coal 23.7%
TPES(1)
2,340 Mtoe

500 450 400 350 TWh 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
United States 1. ENERGY SUPPLY, GDP AND POPULATION

1990
TPES (Mtoe)
1995
2071.32 104.84
2000
2283.28 101.95
2005
2323.40 105.14
2006
2302.80 109.55
2007
2339.94 110.90
2008e
2297.03 116.66
90-07
1.2 0.8

1913.17 96.17
5.0
7055.00 0.27 116 250.18 7.65 3202.8
5.1
7972.80 0.26 111 266.59 7.77 3558.4
4.5
9764.80 0.23 100 282.43 8.08 4025.7
4.5
10936.70 0.21 91 296.37 7.84 4268.4
4.8
11240.60 0.20 88 299.20 7.70 4274.3
4.7
11468.00 0.20 87 302.09 7.75 4322.9
5.1
11596.20 0.20 85 305.15 7.53 4329.4
-0.3
2.9 -1.7 -1.7 1.1 0.1 1.8

369.24 11.5
391.4
384.34 10.8
434.9
330.18 8.2
490.7
365.70 8.6
530.1
394.49 9.2
534.3
360.83 8.3
537.9
380.89 8.8
..
-0.1 -1.9
1.9
2.65 0.6
3.19 0.6
8.07 1.5
11.32 2.1
14.79 2.7
.. ..

1990
Total capacity
1995
115442 e 100060 21387 2968 67 e 333 1731 696 e 2191 e 6961 e 435 e 21215
2000
114883 98881 19522 2793 139 e 419 2377 638 2627 6129 880 19395
2005
121022 98887 21347 2285 493 e 388 8706 461 2167 6471 1097 67 16613
2006
124541 99282 21461 2274 698 e 401 11329 456 2188 6670 1176 67 17222
2007
131244 99770 21886 2214 974 e 465 16515 366 2218 7056 1491 75 17843
2008e
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
1.1 0.5 -1.1 1.9 13.5 -2.2 0.6 -0.7 9.3 -0.2
108105 e 92360 2669 339 1911 538 e 2001 e 7958 e 329 e 18530
12971
14851
13577
11629
12055
12490
..
-0.2
United States 3. GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (GWh)
1990
Total electricity1
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass CHP plants Geothermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biomass Gas from biomass Liquid biomass Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics 333179 e 288960 15808 16012 3 663 3066 749 e 4846 e 4847 11539 e 2494 e 61887 e 3961 e 460 e 460 57006 e -
1995
419738
337856 23740 14941 4 824 3196 4268 7386 7387 40587 3289 382658 337856 23740 14941 4 824 3196 440 6716 6716 8887 3078 37080 3828 670 671 31700 211 -
2000
372499
279986 26782 14621 3 526 5650 7170 8364 8363 42586 5230 330651 279986 26782 14621 3 526 5650 923 7263 7262 10512 3905 41848 6247 1101 1101 32074 1325 -
2005
404412
297926 25481 16778 16 596 17881 5748 9528 7486 41791 6449 213 365445 297926 25481 16778 16 596 17881 1548 8541 6711 9964 5479 5 38967 4200 987 775 31827 970 208
2006
433525
317689 25820 16581 15 550 26676 5605 9690 7613 41884 7058 164 394111 317689 25820 16581 15 550 26676 1427 8664 6807 9592 6103 7 39414 4178 1026 806 32292 955 157
2007
399288
275545 25926 16798 16 673 34603 5006 9578 7526 41990 7469 84 360069 275545 25926 16798 16 673 34603 1116 8509 6686 9635 6474 14 39219 3890 1069 840 32355 995 70
2008e
415104
277177 25160 16130 21 912 52408 1564 9585 7494 42253 7470 90 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90-07
0.1
-0.3 3.0 0.3 10.3 0.1 15.3 0.4 3.5 2.1 -2.8 6.7 0.5 -0.3 3.0 0.3 10.3 0.1 15.3 2.4 3.4 1.9 -1.1 5.8 -2.6 -0.1 5.1 3.6 -3.3 -
395066 e
288960 15808 16012 3 663 3066 4710 e 5306 e 5307 68545 e 2494 e -
United States 4A. HEAT PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES IN THE TRANSFORMATION SECTOR (TJ)
(1)
1990
Total heat
1995
28539
1993 3635 3635 19276 28539 1993 3635 3635 19276 -
2000
27118
187 7626 7625 9489 2191 27118 187 7626 7625 9489 2191 -
2005
16708
2061 1700 1335 11487 125 16708 2061 1700 1335 11487 125 -
2006
42972
3899 5642 4433 27903 1095 42972 3899 5642 4433 27903 1095 -
2007
47677
3525 5996 4711 32164 1281 47677 3525 5996 4711 32164 1281 -
2008e
48103
4334 6240 4861 31463 1205 .. .. .. .. .. .. -
90-07
-
1990
Total heat
1995
-
2000
-
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008e
-
90-07
-
United States 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Hydro
Wind
Solar PV
TPES
TFC
21467 21467 -21319 -148 249619 249619 -
2976 2976 -2976 34603 34603 -
1 1 -1 16 16 -
8786 8786 -7751 1036 118 118 917 554 363 16798 16798 -
1473 1473 -148 1325 1325 1325 673 673 -
2961 2961 -188 -122 -141 -663 1847 1832 873 451 9 489 2 8 15 15 5006 1116 3890 3525 3525 -
3928 3928 -2959 -262 -346 -71 290 90 29 61 200 200 9578 8509 1069 5996 5996 -
United States 5. RENEWABLE AND WASTE BALANCE FOR 2007

Charcoal
3086 3086 -2325 -206 -272 -56 228 71 23 48 157 157 7526 6686 840 4711 4711 -
52998 52998 -3533 -197 -1353 -4348 43568 31239 38 6 890 24030 5987 288 12329 10292 1667 369 41990 9635 32355 32164 32164 -
4141 4141 -1719 -44 -130 -20 2227 2215 3 1 1 2209 13 13 6741 6275 466 238 238 -
245 245 -53 -1 -34 -97 60 9 5 4 51 51 728 199 529 1043 1043 -
12493 841 -143 13191 13191 13191 13191 -
1597 1597 1597 1597 1597 -
92 92 -1 -1 -11 79 79 1 78 84 14 70 -
116244 841 -143 116942 -42973 -981 -2276 -5266 65448 35653 915 457 1 904 24654 5989 2732 14788 14788 15007 12171 2466 369 373362 334143 39219 47677 47677 -
7.0% 0.1% x 5.0% x x x x 4.1% 12.2% 1.1% 1.8% 0.0% 3.0% 43.4% 47.7% 22.8% 2.3% 2.8% 3.0% 4.6% 1.2% 2.3% 8.6% 8.4% 11.8% 8.6% 8.6% -
United States 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES

1990
Geothermal (TJ)
Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 590501 590501 576432 14069 14069 2387 2387 2387 80721 e 80721 e 80721 e 86915 e 86915 e 86915 e -
1995
554876 554876 537876 17000 17000 2967 2967 2967 128432 128432 125190 3242 3242 135119 135119 135119 -
2000
548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093 65871 e 65871 e 5569 60302 60302 172192 172192 69406 102786 102131 655 171490 171490 128715 42775 23850 18925
2005
361437 361437 325776 35661 4537 31124 57291 57291 5641 51650 51650 104030 104030 44571 59459 59051 408 166349 166349 1 153595 12753 4565 8188 e
2006
361754 361754 323033 38721 4642 34079 58699 58699 5157 53542 53542 127560 e 127560 e 52643 e 74917 74506 411 169626 169626 152685 16941 4258 12683 e
2007
367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404 61691 61691 6216 55475 55475 123995 123995 46643 77352 76726 626 164485 164485 152341 12144 3775 8369 e
2008e
435864 435864 387120 48744 .. .. 66791 66791 9652 57139 .. 97000 97000 .. .. .. .. 168110 168110 .. .. .. ..
90-07
-2.7 -2.7 -3.3 6.8 6.1 21.1 21.1 5.8 2.6 2.6 -3.2 3.8 3.8 x 3.4 -
Solar thermal (TJ)



United States 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical difference Transformation sector Energy sector Distribution losses Final energy consumption Industry sector Transport sector Other sectors 86914 86914 86914 2321772 e 2321772 e 1375699 e 946073 379180 566893 30674 e 30674 e 30674 e -
1995
135118 135118 135118 2401242 2401242 1281621 1119621 477117 642504 42788 42788 42788 -
2000
171489 171489 128714 42775 23850 18925 2303809 2303809 502381 1801428 1294091 507337 117526 117526 58068 59458 57035 2423 -
2005
130701 130701 -1 120683 10019 3586 6433 e 2262239 2262239 510738 1751501 1182217 569284 148340 148340 1 68776 79563 79451 112 -
2006
133278 133278 119968 13310 3345 9965 e 2197995 2197995 384102 1813893 1345615 468278 157361 157361 76413 80948 80398 550 -
2007
129238 129238 119696 9542 2966 6576 e 2219359 2219359 394897 1824462 1308186 516276 173398 173398 80121 93277 92744 533 -
2008e
131227 131227 .. .. .. .. 2102519 2102519 .. .. .. .. 187432 187432 .. .. .. .. -
90-07
2.4 2.4 x 1.9 -0.3 -0.3 -7.1 3.9 7.6 -0.5 10.7 10.7 x 5.8 -
Landfill gas (TJ)

Sludge gas (TJ)

United States 6. AGGREGATED ENERGY BALANCE OF RENEWABLE AND WASTE SOURCES (Continued)
1990
Other biogas (TJ)
1995
4063000 49000 26000 4138000 -8000 4146000 4146000 -
2000
6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822 4498000 15000 79000 4592000 -365000 4957000 4957000 20667 20667 -333 21000 21000 -
2005
11509 11509 9930 1579 917 662 11707935 407305 55290 12170530 -470 12171000 12171000 302622 302622 -378 303000 303000 565420 565420 119576 445844 445844 -
2006
11838 11838 9314 2524 753 1771 14646599 2192443 -402645 16436397 397 16436000 16436000 834800 834800 -200 835000 835000 430519 430519 33864 396655 396655 -
2007
10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137 19554534 1317003 -223552 20647985 -15 20648000 20648000 1632750 1632750 -250 1633000 1633000 177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -
2008e
10194 10194 .. .. .. .. 27698615 1555038 -463980 28789673 .. .. .. 2275140 -1207640 1067500 .. .. .. 186296 186296 .. .. .. -
90-07
x x x -
Biodiesel (tonnes)

Energy Data Manager / Statistician

Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France
The IEA The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEAs initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the Three Es of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries. The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience. Job description The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data managers are responsible for receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from Member countries and other sources into large computerised databases. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations of Member and Non-Member countries. The data managers/statisticians also play a key role in helping to design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s). Principal Qualifications University degree in a topic relevant to energy, computer programming or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Economics, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Public Administration and Business. Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Good computer programming skills in Visual Basic. Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines. Ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently. Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry. Very good knowledge of one of the two official languages of the Organisation (English or French). Knowledge of other languages would be an advantage. Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required. Nationals of any OECD Member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries range from 2 900 to 3 900 Euros per month, depending on qualifications. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Personnel and Finance Division International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fdration 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Email: recruitment@iea.org
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n Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2009 Edition
No other publication offers such in-depth statistical coverage. It is intended for anyone involved in analytical or policy work related to energy issues. It contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas, combustible renewables/wastes and products derived from these primary fuels, as well as for electricity and heat. Complete data are available for 2006 and 2007 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2008). Historical tables summarise data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data.
Published July 2009 - Price 120
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A companion volume to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, this publication presents standardised energy balances expressed in million tonnes of oil equivalent. Energy supply and consumption data are divided by main fuel: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydro, geothermal/solar, combustible renewables/ wastes, electricity and heat. This allows for easy comparison of the contributions each fuel makes to the economy and their interrelationships through the conversion of one fuel to another. All of this is essential for estimating total energy supply, forecasting, energy conservation, and analysing the potential for interfuel substitution. Complete data are available for 2006 and 2007 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2008). Historical tables summarise key energy and economic indicators as well as data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data as well as conversion factors from original units to tonnes of oil equivalent.
Published July 2009 - Price 120
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This publication offers the same in-depth statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries. It includes data in original units for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. The consistency of OECD and non-OECD countries detailed statistics provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2006 and 2007. For a description of the content, please see Energy Statistics of OECD Countries above.
Published August 2009 - Price 120
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A companion volume to the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, this publication presents energy balances in million tonnes of oil equivalent and key economic and energy indicators for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. It offers the same statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries, and thus provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2006 and 2007. For a description of the content, please see Energy Balances of OECD Countries above.
n Electricity Information 2009

This reference document provides essential statistics on electricity and heat for each OECD member country by bringing together information on production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, input fuel prices, consumption, end-user electricity prices and electricity trades. The document also presents selected non-OECD country statistics on the main electricity and heat flows. It is an essential document for electricity and heat market and policy analysts.
n Coal Information 2009

This well-established publication provides detailed information on past and current evolution of the world coal market. It presents country-specific statistics for OECD member countries and selected non-OECD countries on coal production, demand, trade and prices. This publication represents a key reference tool for all those involved in the coal supply or consumption stream, as well as institutions and governments involved in market and policy analysis of the world coal market.
n Natural Gas Information 2009

A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand, covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world. Contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed gas supply and demand balance for each individual country and for the three OECD regions: North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination.
n Oil Information 2009

A comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination.
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This reference document brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products. It also includes a selection of indicators for non-OECD countries. This report provides a strong foundation for renewables energy policy and market analysis to assess progress towards domestic and international objectives.
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In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication provides a basis for comparative analysis of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic emissions. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2007 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
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This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD governments for upto-date information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains prices at all market levels for OECD countries and certain non-OECD countries: import prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics cover the main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity, giving for imported products an average price both for importing country and country of origin. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country.
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Notes
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Notes
Notes
IEA Publications, 9, rue de la Fdration, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 Printed in France by STEDI, July 2009 (61 2009 14 1 P1) ISBN 978-92-64-06114-9
RENEWABLES
INFORMATION
2009
Renewables Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in OECD countries. This reference document brings together essential statistics on renewable and waste energy sources. It therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis, which in turn can better inform the policy decision process to select policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Part I of the publication provides an overview of the development of renewables and waste in the world over the 1990 to 2007 period. A greater focus is given to OECD countries with a review of electricity generation and capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. Part II of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD renewables and waste market. Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the 30 OECD member countries, including 2008 preliminary data. It encompasses energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewables and waste. Renewables Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Coal Information, Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information and Oil Information.
-:HSTCQE=U[VVY^:
(61 2009 14 1 P1) e110 ISBN 978-92-64-06114-9

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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - iii

RENEWABLES IN GLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLY

Development of Renewables and Waste in the World

Development of Renewables and Waste in OECD Countries

Understanding Solar Energy Statistics ....................................................................................................... 15

PART II RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW

PART III DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

iv - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

GJ GW GWh kW kWh MW MWh m2 t TJ 1 toe TWh

GDP RES TPES

confidential data estimated data not available not applicable

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - v

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

vi - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - vii

1. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS

viii - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

i) IEA/OECD renewables statistics

ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics

iii) IEA/OECD energy balances

iv) OECD main economic indicators

Latest year data: 2008

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - ix

Primary energy conventions

1) Choice of the primary energy form

2) Calculation of the primary energy equivalent

Units and conversions

x - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Notes on energy sources and flows

Electricity and heat

Gross heat production

Solar thermal capacity of solar collector surfaces

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xi

Stock changes and transfers

Net maximum capacity

Final energy consumption

Supply, transformation and consumption

xii - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Renewable municipal waste

Non-renewable municipal waste

Tide / wave / ocean

Gas from biomass

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xiii

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xv

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xvi - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xvii

xviii - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xix

xx - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

in the residential sector from 1991 2001 based on updated information.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxi

xxii - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition)

Electricity production from solar thermal plants is available from 2007.

RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2009 Edition) - xxiii