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CHAPTER 3: MATTER
All living things can be divided into matter and non-matter. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. For examples : book, air, soil and animals. Examples of non-matter are light, sound, heat and electricity. Matter can exist in three different states: Solid Liquid Gas. Solids rice, sugar, salt, coins, stones, sand and steel Liquids cooking oil, kerosene, lubricant and alcohol Gases air, cooking gas and water vapour
Properties
Arrangement of particles
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Closely packed Distance between particles Movement of particles Very little space between the particles Vibrate about a fixed position
Further apart
More space A lot of space between the between the particles particles Move randomly Move randomly, and freely freely and faster in any direction. Definite Indefinite Medium High Weak Very weak
Cannot
Cannot
Can
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Two balloon are filled with air and are balanced onto a wooden rod.
The balloon that was poked with a pin has become lighter than the other balloon.
When the water level in the flask rises, the balloon inflates. The water that enters the flask takes up the space of air in the flask. The displaced air then, enters the balloon. This causes the balloon to inflate.
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Solid Liquid Material Cork Wood Ice Wax Sand Glass Aluminium Iron Copper Lead Uranium Density ( g/cm ) 0.25 0.7 0.92 0.95 1.6 2.5 2.6 7.9 8.9 11.4 19.0
3
Material Alcohol Petrol Olive oil Water Sea water Dead sea brine
Gas Material Hydrogen Air Oxygen Carbon dioxide Density ( g/cm3 ) 0.001 0.0013 0.001 0.002
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The diagram shows block A with mass 5.0 kg. What is the density of block A? Density = Mass / Volume = 5.0 kg (0.1m x 0.1m x 0.2 m) = 5.0 kg 0.002 m3 = 2500kg/m3
Mass of stone = 50g What is the density of the stone? Density = Mass / Volume = 50g (40-20 cm3) = 50 g 20 cm3 = 2.5g/cm3
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Floats
Submarine
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