UPCAT Math Reviewer Solution

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UPCA T REVI EWER
ANSWER KEY AND SOLUTION TO
UPCAT MATHEMATICS REVIEWER
(60 ITEMS)
UPCAT Page 2
ANSWER KEY
1 D 13 C 25 D 37 D 49 B
2 C 14 C 26 C 38 A 50 C
3 A 15 D 27 BONUS 39 D 51 D
4 B 16 C 28 B 40 B 52 B
5 C 17 D 29 B 41 C 53 C
6 B 18 D 30 A 42 D 54 C
7 B 19 C 31 A 43 C 55 D
8 D 20 A 32 A 44 C 56 A
9 B 21 D 33 D 45 C 57 C
10 C 22 C 34 A 46 D 58 B
11 A 23 B 35 A 47 A 59 A
12 D 24 C 36 C 48 A 60 D
SOLUTION
1. Amanda wants to buy a graphing calculator that is already on sale for P4200.
The sale price is % 30 below the original price. If she is able to get an additional
% 15 off for being a student, how much money was saved from the original price?
(A) P1,890.00 (B) P1,170.00 (C) P2,000.00 (D) P2,430.00
Solution:
To get the original price divide P4200 by 0.7 the result is P6,000.00.
Amanda paid P4200 x 0.85 which is equal to P3,570.00
Amanda saved P6,000 P3,570.00 = P2,430.00.
Answer: D
100%-30%
100%-15%
UPCAT Page 3
2. Let r and s be the roots of the quadratic equation

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) . 0 2 1 1 3 3 2 = + + + + x x x x x x
Evaluate:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 3 3
1
2 2
1
1 1
1

+

+
+ + s r s r s r
.

(A)
4
1
(B)
17
3
(C)
11
8

(D) 15
4

Solution :
If we simplify the quadratic equation, the result is
( ) ( ) ( ) . 0 2 3 2 6 5
2 2 2
= + + + x x x x x x
. 0 1 8 3
2
= + x x
.
3
1
and
3
8
= = + rs s r
Simplify
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 3 3
1
2 2
1
1 1
1

+

+
+ + s r s r s r
( ) ( ) ( ) 9 3
1
4 2
1
1
1
+ +
+
+ +
+
+ + + s r rs s r rs s r rs

9
3
8
3
3
1
1
4
3
8
2
3
1
1
1
3
8
3
1
1
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
=
9
3
8
3
3
1
1
4
3
8
2
3
1
1
1
3
8
3
1
1
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
=
4
1
11
3
4
1
+
+ =
11
8
=
Answer : C
Recal l :
If r and s ar e t he r oot s of
0
2
= + + c bx ax t hen
sum of r oot s =
a
b
s r

= +
pr oduct of r oot s =
a
c
rs =
UPCAT Page 4
3. Solve for x: ( ) ( )( )
5 3
5 6 30 25 =
x
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Solution:
( ) ( )( )
5 3
5 6 30 25 =
x
( ) ( )( )
5 3 2
5 6 6 5 5 =
x x
divide both sides by
2
5
( )( )
3 3
5 6 6 5 =
x x
3
30 30 =
x
3 = x
Answer: A
4. The x-intercepts of a parabola are 2 and 4, and the y-intercept is 8. If the
parabola passes through the point (a,8), what is the value of a?

A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
( ) 8 , a
( ) 0 , 4 ( ) 0 , 2
( ) 8 , 0
UPCAT Page 5
Solution:
( )( ) 4 2 = x x k y , when x = 0, ( )( ) 4 0 2 0 = k y 8 8 = k 1 = k
The equation of the parabola is ( )( ) 4 2 = x x y
( )( ) 8 4 2 = a a
8 8 6
2
= + a a
0 6
2
= a a
( ) 0 6 = a a
6 or 0 = = a a
,
a = 6
Answer: B
5. Sa isang lungsod, 2/5 ng mga lalaking may sapat na gulang ay kasal sa 5/7 ng
babaeng may sapat na gulang. Ang bilang ng mga kasal na kalalakihan at kasal na
kababaihan ay pantay-pantay, at ang mga may sapat na gulang ng populasyon ay
higit sa 3400. Ano ang pinakamaliit na posibleng bilang ng mga may sapat na
gulang na residente sa lungsod?
(A) 3442 (B) 3452 (C) 3432 (D) 3412
Solution:
Let x = number of men
y = number of women
y x
7
5
5
2
=
So y x
14
25
=
UPCAT Page 6
Also x y
25
14
=
x
and
y
are integers
so n y 14 = for a certain integer
n
this implies that n x 25 =
3400 > + y x
3400 14 25 > + n n
3400 39 > n
18 . 87
39
3400
= > n
The smallest possible integer
n
is 88.
Therefore 3432 88 39 39 = = = + n y x
Answer: C
6. An acute angle is formed by two lines of slope 1 and 7. What is the slope of
the line which bisects this angle?
(A)
2
3
(B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
UPCAT Page 7
x y =
x y 7 =
Solution:
The angl e of i ncl i nat i on of t he l i ne x y 7 = i s ( )
O
45 2 +
t her ef or e ( ) 7 45 2 tan
O
= +
7
tan45 2 tan - 1
45 tan 2 tan
O
O
=
7
tan2 - 1
1 2 tan
=
+
2 tan 7 7 1 2 tan = +

4
3
2 tan =
Usi ng hal f -angl e t angent f or mul a

|
.
|
\
|
=
2
2
tan tan

2 sin
2 cos 1
= [
4
3
2 tan =
, usi ng Pyt h agor ean t r i pl e 3-4-5,
5
4
2 cos =
and
5
3
2 sin =
]

5
3
5
4
1
=

45
45
1 tan
=
=

If t he angl e of
i ncl i nat i on of t he l ine
b mx y + = i s t hen
tan = m
Recal l :
( )
B A
B A
B A
tan tan 1
tan tan
tan

+
= +
half-angle tangent formulas
B
B
B
B B
cos 1
sin
sin
cos 1
2
tan
+
=
= |
.
|
\
|
UPCAT Page 8

3
1
=
The angl e of i ncl i nat i on of t he angl e bi sect or i s ( )
O
45 +
Ther ef or e t he sl ope of t he angl e bi sect or i s equal t o ( )
O
45 tan +

( )
O
O
45 tan tan 1
45 tan tan
45 tan

+
= +
tan 1
1 tan
+
=

3
1
1
1
3
1
+
=

2 =
Answer: B
7. The altitude to the hypotenuse of a triangle with angles of
30 and
60 is 3 units. What is the

area of the triangle in square units?
(A) 2 9 (B) 3 6 (C) 3 9 (D) 2 6
Solution:
30
O
60
O
3 uni t s
units 6
units 3 2
UPCAT Page 9
base = 6 units
height = units 3 2
Area = h b
2
1
3 2 6
2
1
=
units square 3 6 =
Answer: B
8. What was the Biblical approximation to ?
(A) 3.14 (B)
7
22
(C) 3.1416 (D) 3
Answer: D
9. In the freshman class at Uno High School, there are 18 boys and 12 girls. The average height
of the boys is 170 cm, and that of the girls is 160 cm. What is the average height of all the
students in the class?
(A) 165 cm (B) 166 cm (C) 167 cm (D) 168 cm
Average height = cm
12 18
160 12 170 18
+
+
= cm 166
Answer: B
UPCAT Page 10
2
16 30
10. Having found that ( ) 2 x is a factor of ( ) 30 2 3
2 3
+ = x x x x P , which of the following is
another factor of ( ) x P ?
(A) 3 + x

(B) 6 . 10 x
(C) 15 8 3
2
+ + x x
(D) none of the above
Solution:
We divide ( ) x P by 2 x
We use synthetic division
15 8 3
2
+ + x x is not factorable
Answer: C
11. Gawing simple: ( ) 3 2 6 2 + + .
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6
Solution:

3 2
3 2
3 2
6 2
-
+
+

( ) ( )
3 4
3 2 6 2
2
+
=

( )( ) 3 2 3 4 8 + =
6
3 2 1 30
3 8 15 0
UPCAT Page 11

( )( ) 3 2 3 2 4 + =

( ) 3 4 4 =

2 =
Answer: A
12. Nicole and Chris have the same grade average before the final exam. The final exam
counted as 20% of the semester grade. Nicole got 7 percentage points higher than Chris on her
semester grade, and the final exam was worth 100 points. What is the number of points in the
positive difference between their final exam grades?
(A) 30 (B) 25 (C) 50 (D) 35
Solution:
Let x be the number of points that Nicole got on her final exam
and y be the number of points that Chris got on his final exam.
Then
( ) 7 2 . 0 = y x multiply both sides by 5
35 = y x
Answer: D

UPCAT Page 12
13. Suppose there is a row of lockers numbered 1 through 50 with all the doors closed. A
student is going to walk up and down the lockers opening and closing the locker doors. If a door
is closed the student will open it, and if it is open, it will be closed .If the student starts with
multiple of one, and continues through multiples of 50. How many lockers are open when the
student is finished?
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 7 (D) 8
Solution:
If a number is a perfect square it has an odd number of factors if not it has an even number of factors.
Example is 9 the factors of 9 are 1,3,9 there are 3 factors and 3 is an odd number
12 is not a perfect square. The factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6,12, there are 6 factors and 6 is an even number
Locker # 9 : multiple of 1 (open), multiple of 3 (close), multiple of 9 (open)
All lockers with a perfect square number are open when the student is finished the remaining lockers are
closed.
Locker # 12: multiple of 1(open), multiple of 2 (close), multiple of 3 (open), multiple of 4 (close),
multiple of 6 (open), multiple of 12 (close)
The number of perfect squares less than 50 is 7 because
2 2
8 50 7 < < .
7 lockers are open.
Answer: C
14. Ang isang mag-aalahas ay may 3 spheres ng ginto. Ang sukat ng kanilang radius ay 3mm, 4mm,at
5mm .Kung ang lahat ng tatlong spheres ay tinunaw at bumuo ng panibagong sphere na ginto. Ano ang
sukat ng radius ng bagong sphere na ginto?
(A) 8mm (B) 9mm (C) 6 mm (D) 10 mm
UPCAT Page 13
Solution:
radius
Volume =
3
3
4
r
1
st
sphere mm 3
36
2
nd
sphere mm 4
3
256
3
rd
sphere mm 5
3
500
Total Volume:
288
3
500
3
256
36 = + +
To get the radius of the new sphere we solve for r in the following equation:
288
3
4
3
= r
288
3
= r
216
3
= r
6 = r
The radius of the new sphere is 6 mm.
Answer: C
UPCAT Page 14
15. Congruent circles of centers A and B intersect such that AB is a radius of each circle. If AB=
4 cm, what is the number of square centimeters in the area ACBD that is common to the two
circles?
(A) 3 4
3
16
(C) 3 8
3
16
(B) 3 4
3
32
(D) 3 8
3
32
Solution:
If 4 = AB then 4 = BC because radii of the same circle are equal
2
2
4
= = BX
AB CD Why? Because CDand AB are diagonals of rhombus ACBD. Diagonals of a
rhombus are perpendicular and bisect each other
O
90 = ZCXB m
O
30 = ZBCX because BC is twice BX
So
O
60 = ZCBX
Therefore
O
120 = ZCBD by symmetry
A
B
C
D
Recal l :
In a 30
O
-60
O
-90
O
t r i angl e.
The hypot enuse i s t w i ce t he si de
opposi t e of t he 30
O
angl e.
UPCAT Page 15
Area of shaded part = area of the sector with central angle CBD Z minus area of CBD A
Area of sector:
Area of CBD:
Ar ea of sect or w i t h cent r al angl e CBD Z
=
|
.
|
\
|
O
2
360
r
= ( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
O
O
2
360
120
4
=
3
16
If 2 = BX t hen 3 2 = CX
Ther ef or e 3 4 = CD
Ar ea of CBD A =
2
height base

2
BX CD-
=

2
2 3 4 -
=
3 4 =
Recal l :
In a 30
O
-60
O
-90
O
t r i angl e.
The si de opposi t e of t he 60
O
angl e i s 3 t i mes t he l engt h of
t he si de opposi t e of t he 30
O
angl e.
UPCAT Page 16
Area of shaded part:
Area ACBD that is common to the two circles:
Answer: D
Area of shaded part = area of the sector with central angle CBD Z minus area of CBD A
3 4
3
16
=

area ACBD that is common to the two circles
=
|
.
|
\
|
3 4
3
16
2

= 3 8
3
32
because of symmetry
UPCAT Page 17
16. The value of ( ) | |
1
1
3 2 3 2

is
(A) 5 (C) 1/5
(B) -5 (D) -1/5
Solution:
( ) | |
1
1
3 2 3 2

( ) | |
1
1
1 3 2

=
| |
1
) 1 ( 3 2

=
| |
1
3 2

+ =
1
5
=
5
1
=
Answer: C
17. What is the sum of the first 100 positive odd integers?
(A) 25000 (C) 20000
(B) 50000 (D) 10000
Solution:
( )
n n
a a
n
S + =
1
2
[This is the formula for the first n terms of an arithmetic series]
The 100
th
positive odd integer is 2(100) 1 = 199
UPCAT Page 18
So ( ) 199 1
2
100
100
+ = S
( ) 200 50 =
10000 =
Answer: D
18. Sa orasan ni Ginoong Abad ay 5:14 a.m. nang siya ay umalis ng bahay. Bumalik siya
makalipas ang 7 oras at 11 minuto, subalit nagtaka siya dahil 4:33 pa lang ng umaga sa orasan.
Naalala niyang nagkaroon pala ng rotating brown out sa kanilang lugar kaya nang bumalik ang
kuryente ay kusang bumalik sa oras na 12:00 a.m. ang orasan. Anong oras ng umaga bumalik
ang kuryente?
(A) 8:52 (C) 5:52
(B) 6:52 (D) 7:52
Solution:
The time 7 hours and 11 minutes after 5:14 a.m. is 12:25p.m.
The time 4 hours and 33 minutes before 12:25 p.m. is 7:52 a.m.
Answer: D
19. Express in lowest terms:
63 2
7
2
2 3

+
n n
n n
(A)
9 n
n
(B)
9
7
+
n
n
C)
9
2
n
n

(D)
7
2
+ n
n

Solution:
Factor the numerator and denominator and cancel the common factors
( )
( )( ) 9 7
7
63 2
7
2
2
2 3
+
+
=

+
n n
n n
n n
n n
UPCAT Page 19

9
2
=
n
n
Answer: C
20. How many square units are in the area defined by the set of points (x,y) in the first quadrant
which satisfies 20 10 s + s y x ?
(A) 150 B) 152 (C) 154 (D) 144
Solution:

Answer: A
20 uni t s
10 uni t s
20 uni t s
10 uni t s
Ar ea of shaded r egi on = Ar ea of bi g t r i angl e
mi nus Ar ea of smal l t r i angl e
= units square 150 50 200
2
10 10
2
20 20
= =

UPCAT Page 20
21. Fibonacci gave a famous problem about reproducing rabbits. After n months, there is a
population of
n
r rabbits, where 1
0
= r , 2
1
= r , 3
2
= r and so on. What was the rabbit population
at n=12 months?
(A) 55 (B) 89 (C) 144 (D) 233
Solution:
The 12
th
term of the sequence 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233 is 233
Answer: D
22. For what value of x does ? 171 5 4 3 2 1 = + + + + + + x
(A) 17 (B) 16 (C) 18 (D) 21
Solution:

( )
171
2
1
=
+ x x
18 = x , we disregard the negative root
Answer: C
UPCAT Page 21
23. Three circles of radii 10, 14 and 60 are tangent to each other such that the center of each
circle is outside the two other circles. Find the number of square units in the area of the triangle
whose vertices are the centers of the three circles?
(A) 820 (B) 840 (C) 830 (D) 850
Solution:
The sides of a triangles are 24, 70, and 74 units. To get the area of the triangle we can use the
Herons formula.
( )( )( ) c s b s a s s A = , where a,b, and c are the lengths of the triangle and s is the
semi-perimeter of the triangle so
2
c b a
s
+ +
=
In the triangle above 84
2
74 70 24
=
+ +
= s
( )( )( ) 74 84 70 84 24 84 84 = A
( )( )( ) 10 14 60 84 =
840 =
Answer: B
( )( )( ) 10 14 60 84
( )( )( ) 14 60 10 84 =
( ) 840 840 =
2
840 =
840 =
UPCAT Page 22
24. What is the measure of the obtuse angle formed by two intersecting angle bisectors of an
equilateral triangle?
(A)

150
(B)
110
(C)

120

(D)

100
Solution:

Answer: C
25. We select 6 numbers at random, with replacement, from the set of integers from 1 to 300
inclusive. What is the probability that the product of the 6 numbers is even?
(A)
32
31
(B) 1 (C)
64
61
(D)
64
63
Solution:
Let A= event that the product of 6 numbers selected at random , with replacement, from the set
of integers from 1 to 300 inclusive is even.
So A
C
= event that the product of 6 numbers selected at random, with replacement, from the set
of integers from 1 to 300 inclusive is odd.
The product of 6 numbers is odd if each number is an odd number.
6
300
150
) (
|
.
|
\
|
=
C
A P

6
2
1
|
.
|
\
|
=

64
1
=
UPCAT Page 23
Therefore
) ( 1 ) (
C
A P A P =

64
1
1 =

64
63
=
Answer: D
26. A deep well 5 feet in diameter is of unknown depth (to the water level). If a 5-foot post is
erected at the edge of the well, the line of sight from the top of the post to the edge of the water
surface below will pass through a point 0.4 feet from the lip of the well below the post. What
is the depth of the well (to the surface of the water)?
(A) 37.5 ft (B) 47.5 ft (C) 57.5 ft (D) 67.5 ft
Solution:
5 . 57 = x
Answer: C
The f i gur e i s not draw n i nt o scal e.
ft AB 5 =
ft BP 5 =
ft BC 4 . 0 =
Let ft x BD =
ADE ABC A A ~
Rat i o of cor r espondi ng si des of si mi l ar t r i angl es
ar e equal
DE
AD
BC
AB
=
5
5
4 . 0
5 x +
=
25 2 4 . 0 = + x
UPCAT Page 24
27. Find integers p and q such that
3 2
3 3 4
+
+
is a root (zero) of the quadratic polynomial
q px x + +
2
.
(A) p = -2 and q =11 (C) p = -12 and q = 5
(B) p = -6 and q = 8 (D) p = -4 and q=9
Solution:
First we simplify
3 2
3 3 4
+
+
3 4
) 3 ( 3 3 6 3 4 8
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 3 4
+
=
-
+
+
1
3 2 1+
=
The other root of the quadratic polynomial is the conjugate of 3 2 1+ which is 3 2 1 .
Sum of roots = 2 ) 3 2 1 ( ) 3 2 1 ( = + +
Product of roots = 11 12 1 ) 3 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 3 2 1 )( 3 2 1 (
2 2
= = = +
Therefore the quadratic equation is
0 roots) of (product roots) of (sum
2
= + x x
0 11 2
2
= + x x
2 = p and 11 = q
Bonus: No answer in the given choices
3 2 1+ =
UPCAT Page 25
28. Barb has two watches, one of which loses 6 seconds every 24 hours and the other gains 1
second per hour. He sets both of them to the correct time at 8:00 p.m. How many hours will pass
before the positive difference in the time shown is 4 hours?
(A) 11484 (B) 11520 (C) 11511 (D) 11518
Solution:
After 1 hour the difference is seconds
4
5
24
6
1 = |
.
|
\
|

hours 11520 hours
hour 1
minutes 60
minute 1
seconds 60
seconds
hours
5
16
hours
seconds
4
5
hours 4
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
Answer: B
29. Kung ang 20 3 =
x
, ano ang halaga ng
x
9 ?
(A) 30 (B) 400 (C) 180 (D) 729
Solution:
20 3 =
x
, we get the square of both sides

2 2
20 3 =
x
400 9 =
x
Answer: B
UPCAT Page 26
30. Kayang tapusin ng unang pintor ang trabaho sa loob ng 7 oras. Samantalang ang ikalawang
pintor ay kayang tapusin ang parehong trabaho sa loob ng 13 oras. Ilang minuto matatapos ang
trabaho kung magtutulungan ang dalawang pintor?
(A) 273 (B) 276 (C) 270 (D) 275
Solution:
1
13
1
7
1
= + x x multiply both sides by LCD = 91
91 7 13 = + x x
91 20 = x
hours
20
91
= x
minutes 273 =
Answer: A
31. Summa Cum Laundry Inc. now has 5000 customers. Its number of customers increases by
20 % each year. At the end of how many full years will its number of customers first exceed
10,000?
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
Solution:
Number of
customers at
the end of
1
st
year 6000 2 . 1 5000 =
2
nd
year 7200 2 . 1 6000 =
3
rd
year 8640 2 . 1 7200 =
4
th
year 10000 10368 2 . 1 8640 > =
Answer: A
UPCAT Page 27
32. Which of the following is equal to
6 3
4 54 + .
(A)
3
128 (B)
3
56 (C)
9
216 (D)
6
112
Solution:
First term:
3 3
2 27 54 =

3 3
2 27 =

3
2 3 =
Second term:
6 2 6
2 4 =

6
2
2 =

3
1
2 =

3
2 =
Therefore
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3
128 2 64 2 64 2 4 2 2 3 4 54 = = = = + = +
Answer: A
33. On a number line, how many integers are no more than 8 units from 20 and also at least 10
units from 35?
(A) 18 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D) 14
Solution:
A= Set of integers no more than 8 units from 20 =
{ } 28 , 27 , 26 , 25 , 24 , 23 , 22 , 21 , 20 , 19 , 18 , 17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12
B = Set of integers at least 10 units from 35 =
{ } { }
,... 50 , 49 , 48 , 47 , 46 , 45 25 , 24 , 23 , 22 , 21 , 20 , 19 , 18 , 17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12 , 11 , 10 , 9 ...,
{ } 25 , 24 , 23 , 22 , 21 , 20 , 19 , 18 , 17 , 16 , 15 , 14 , 13 , 12 =
B A
The number of elements in
B A is 14.
Answer: D
UPCAT Page 28
34. Ang limang magkakasunod na integer ay may average na x
.
Ano ang pinakamababang
integer?

(A) x-2 (B) x-3 (C) x-4 (D) x-5
Solution:
Since there are 5 consecutive integers and the average is x then there are 2 integers above x and
2 integers below x . The integers are 2 , 1 , , 1 , 2 + + x x x x x . The smallest integer is 2 x .
Answer: A
35. The lines ( ) 5 5 + = x k y and 7 2 + = x y are perpendicular if k=

(A) 11/2 (B) 5 (C) -2/9 (D) 9/2
Solution:
The product of the slopes should be equal to -1 because they are perpendicular.
( )( ) 1 5 2 = k
1 10 2 = + k
11 2 = k
2
11
= k
Answer: A
UPCAT Page 29
1
36. Find the length of the radius of the circle . 0 3 6 4
2 2
= + + y y x x
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 9
Solution:
0 3 6 4
2 2
= + + y y x x
( ) ( ) 3 6 4
2 2
= + + y y x x
( ) ( ) 9 4 3 9 6 4 4
2 2
+ + = + + + + y y x x
( ) ( ) 16 3 2
2 2
= + + y x
4 = r
Answer: C
37. Given that
= + +
= + +
1
0
2 2 2
z y x
z y x
, find the value of
4 4 4
z y x + + .
(A)
5
2
(B)
3
1
(C) 3 (D)
2
1
Solution:
First equation:
0 = + + z y x get the square of both sides
0 2 2 2
2 2 2
= + + + + + yz xz xy z y x
1 2 2 2 = + + yz xz xy divide both sides by 2
2
1
= + + yz xz xy get the square of both sides
4
1
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= + + + + + xyz z xy yz x z y z x y x
Recal l :
t he equat i on of t he ci r cl e i s
( ) ( )
2 2 2
r k y h x = +
cent er : ( ) k h,
l engt h of r adi us: r
UPCAT Page 30
( ) ( ) 0 0 2 2 = = + + z y x xyz
4
1
So
4
1
2 2 2 2 2 2
= + + z y z x y x
Second equation:
1
2 2 2
= + + z y x get the square of both sides
1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
= + + + + + z y z x y x z y x
( ) 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
= + + + + + z y z x y x z y x
Therefore
2
1
4 4 4
= + + z y x
Answer: D
38.
Simplify: 2 2
1 1
c b
c b
+
(A)
( ) c b bc
1

(C)
bc
1
(B)
c b
bc

(D)
bc
c b
Solution:
UPCAT Page 31
Multiply the numerator and denominator by bc the result is,
( )
2 2 2 2
1 1
c b bc
b c
bc
bc
c b
c b
+
= -
+
, factor the denominator and cancel the common factor

( )( ) c b c b bc
c b
+
+
=

( ) c b bc
=
1
Answer: B
39.
Let
( )
> +
s
=
6 if 11
6 if 11
x x
x x
x f
. Find
( ) ( ) 6 12 f f +
(A) -4 (B) 28 (C) 40 (D) 18
Solution:
( ) 23 11 12 12 = + = f
( ) 5 11 6 6 = = f
( ) ( ) ( ) 18 5 23 6 12 = + = + f f
Answer: D
UPCAT Page 32
40. The graph of 48 2 16 = y x intersects the y-axis at the point (a,b).What is the sum of a and b?
(A) -4 (B) -24 (C) 32 (D) 12
Solution:
To get the y-intercept of 48 2 16 = y x we let 0 = x and solve for y .
( ) 48 2 0 16 = y
So the y-intercept is ( ) 24 , 0
Therefore ( ) 24 24 0 = + = +b a
Answ er : B
41. For what values of t he var iable x does t he following inequalit y hold?
( )
? 9 2
2 1 1
4
2
2
+ <
+
x
x
x
(A)
8
45
or
2
1
> s x x
(C)
0
8
45
2
1
= < s x except x
(B)
0
2
1
= > x except x
(D)
0
8
45
= < x except x
Sol ut i on:
The radicand (expression inside the square root sign) x 2 1+ should be non negative
0 2 1 > + x
2
1
> x *
The denominator ( )
2
2 1 1 x + should not be equal to zero.
UPCAT Page 33
We solve ( ) 0 2 1 1
2
= + x
0 2 1 1 = + x
1 2 1 = + x
1 2 1 = + x
0 2 = x
0 = x
So if x=0, then the expression on the left side of the inequality is undefined
Therefore 0 = x **
Multiply both sides of the inequality
( )
9 2
2 1 1
4
2
2
+ <
+
x
x
x
by ( )
2
2 1 1 x + , the result is
( )( )
2
2
2 1 1 9 2 4 x x x + + < We dont change the direction of the inequality because we multiply
both sides by a positive number
( )( ) x x x x 2 1 2 2 2 9 2 4
2
+ + + <
( ) x x x x x 2 1 18 4 18 22 4 4
2 2
+ + + + <
( ) 18 22 2 1 18 4 + < + + x x x
Let x y 2 1+ =
So x y 2 1
2
+ =
Also 16 2 18 4
2
+ = + y x
UPCAT Page 34
And 7 11 18 22
2
+ = + y x
The inequality ( ) 18 22 2 1 18 4 + < + + x x x in terms of y is
( )( ) 7 11 16 2
2 2
+ < + y y y
0 7 16 11 2
2 3
< + y y y , we can use synthetic division to find the factors of the left side
( ) ( ) 0 7 2 1
2
< y y divide both sides by ( )
2
1 y a positive number so dont change the direction
of the inequality [ So 1 = y ]
0 7 2 < y
2
7
< y express this inequality in terms of the variable x
2
7
2 1 < + x square both sides [the resulting inequality is true because both sides are positive]
4
49
2 1 < + x
4
45
2 < x
8
45
< x ***
2
1
> x *
0 = x **
8
45
< x ***
The intersection of the above inequalities is
UPCAT Page 35
0
8
45
2
1
= < s x except x
Answ er : C
42. All the sides of a given triangle are whole numbers. The perimeter of the triangle is 110
inches and one side has measure 29 inches. What is the fewest number of inches that can be the
length of one of the remaining sides?
(A) 30 (C) 26
(B) 24 (D) 27
Solution:
Let a and b be the length of the other two sides where b a >
The perimeter is 110 so 110 29 = + +b a or 81 = +b a
29 < b a
( ) 29 81 < b b

52 2 < b
26 > b
The smallest possible length of one of the remaining sides is inches 27 .
Answer: D
43. If a regular polygon has 27 diagonals, how many sides does it have?
(A) 12 (C) 9
(B) 6 (D) 7
Solution:
( )
27
2
3
=
n n
( ) 54 3 = n n
UPCAT Page 36
0 54 3
2
= n n
( ) ( ) 0 6 9 = + n n
6 or 9 = = n n
disregard 6 = n
Answer: C
44. If a and b are each chosen from the set { } 10 , 5 , 3 , 2 , 1 , what is the largest possible value of

a
b
b
a
+ ?
(A) 20 (C)
10
1
10
(B)
2
1
12 (D)
2
1
2
Solution:
b=1 b=2 b=3 b=5 b=10
a=1 2 1/ 2 3 1/ 3 5 1/ 5 10 1/ 10
a=2 2 1/ 2 2 1/ 6 2 9/ 10 5 1/ 5
a=3 3 1/ 3 2 1/ 6 2 4/ 15 3 19/ 30
a=5 5 1/ 5 2 9/ 10 2 4/ 15 2 1/ 2
a=10 10 1/ 10 5 1/ 5 3 19/ 30 2 1/ 2
the largest possible value of
a
b
b
a
+ is
10
1
10 .
Answer: C
UPCAT Page 37
45. Which of the following relations are functions?

I. 4
2 2
= + y x IV. 1
2
= y x

II. x y x 2 =
V.
1
2
= x y

III.
x y = 4
VI.
2 2
y x =
(A) I, II, III
(B) II, III, IV
(C) II, III, V
(D) I, IV, VI
Solution:
I. 4
2 2
= + y x IV. 1
2
= y x

II. x y x 2 = is a linear function

III.
x y = 4
is a function V.
1
2
= x y
is a quadratic function
VI.
2 2
y x =

Answer: C
UPCAT Page 38

46. Suppose 3 = + y x , 13
2 2
= + y x . Find the value of xy .
(A) 39 (B) -6 (C) 24 (D) -2
Solution:
( )
2 2 2
2 y xy x y x + + = +
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
y x y x
xy
+ +
=
( ) ( )
2
13 3
2
= xy
2 = xy
Answer: D
47. Suppose there are 12 points on a circle, equally spaced. Of all triangles having all their
vertices at three of these 12 points, how many are of the type

90 60 30 ?
(A) 24 (B) 36 (C) 72 (D) none of these
Solution:
If a right angled triangle is inscribed in a circle then the hypotenuse is also the diameter of the
circle.
Using the diameter above the number of
O O O
90 60 30 triangles that can be formed is four.
UPCAT Page 39
There are 6 diameters that can be formed using 12 points that are spaced evenly around a circle.
Therefore the number of triangles having all their vertices at three of these 12 points, that are of
the type

90 60 30
is
24 4 6 =
.
Answer: A
48. Find all the values of x satisfying the given conditions:
3
3
1
=
x
y ,
4
3
2
=
x
y , and
3
2 1
= y y
(A) 39 (B) 49 (C) 59 (D) 69
Solution:
3
2 1
= y y
UPCAT Page 40
3
4
3
3
3
=
x x
multiply both sides by 12
( ) ( ) 36 3 3 3 4 = x x
36 9 3 12 4 = + x x
36 3 = x
39 = x
Answer: A
49. The lines x y 2 = and x y = 2 are

(A) parallel (B) perpendicular (C) horizontal (D) vertical
Solution:
The slopes of the lines x y 2 = and x y = 2 are 2 and
2
1
respectively.
The slopes are negative reciprocal of each other. Therefore the two lines are perpendicular.
Answer: B
50. Suppose the following two quadratic equations
0 5
2
= + k x x and 0 3 9
2
= + k x x
have a non-zero root in common. What is the value of k?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
Solution:
UPCAT Page 41
Let p and q be the roots of 0 5
2
= + k x x
q and r be the roots of 0 3 9
2
= + k x x

q is the common root
5 = + q p 9 = + r q
k pq = * k qr 3 = **
Using * and **
k
k
pq
qr 3
=
p r 3 =
So the equation 9 = + r q becomes 9 3 = + p q
p q 3 9 = , substitute this in the equation 5 = + q p
It becomes
( ) 5 3 9 = + p p
4 2 = p
2 = p , therefore 3 = q
( )( ) 6 3 2 = = = pq k
Answer: C
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
51.
Let x, y, and z represent lengths of the sides of a right triangle with y<z<x. If
2 2 2
15 15 6 z y x L + + =
, find the value of 2 2
z y
L
+
.
(A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 18 (D) 21
Solution:
The length of the biggest side in a right triangle is x . Using Phytagorean theorem
2 2 2
x z y = + .
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
15 15 6
z y
z y x
z y
L
+
+ +
=
+
Recal l :
In t he quadr at i c equat i on
0
2
= + + c bx ax , w her e 0 = a
Sum of r oot s =
a
b
Pr oduct of r oot s =
a
c
UPCAT Page 42

( )
2 2
2 2 2
15 6
z y
z y x
+
+ +
=

2
2 2
15 6
x
x x +
=

2
2 2
15 6
x
x x +
=

2
2
21
x
x
=

21 =
Answer: D
52. The arithmetic mean of 14 numbers is what percent of the sum of the same 14 numbers?.
Express your answer as a decimal to the nearest hundredth.

(A) 7.69% (B) 7.14% (C) 8.33% (D) 5.88%
Solution:
Let x be the sum of the 14 numbers
Arithmetic mean =
14
x
14
1
14
=
x
x
% 14 . 7 ~
Answer: B
53. Let ( )
x
x
x f
ln
= and ( ) x denotes the number of primes less than or equal to x . When
Gauss was 15 years old, he conjectured that as x goes to infinity, the ratio of ( ) x to ( ) x f
approaches one. Use Gausss estimate to estimate the percentage of positive integers smaller
than
100
10 which are prime. (Remark: the natural logarithm of 10 is about 2.3 . )
(A) 10% (B) 3% (C) 0.4% (D) 0.05%
UPCAT Page 43
Solution:
percentage of positive integers smaller than
100
10 which are prime
=
100
100
10
prime are which 10 an smaller th integers positive of number
( )
100
100
10
10 f
~ because as x goes to infinity ( ) ( ) x f x ~
( )
100
100
100
10
10 ln
10
=
( )
100
10 ln
1
=
10 ln 100
1
=
~
( ) 3 . 2 100
1
230
1
=
% 4 . 0 ~
Answer: C
UPCAT Page 44
54. Given that 3 81 =
m
and 64 =
n
m . Find the value of mn.
(A) -1/2 (C) -3/4
(B) -1 (D) -1/4
Solution:

3 81 =
m
1 4
3 3 =
m
1 4 = m
4
1
= m
4
3
= mn
Answer: C
55. What is the sum of all the elements of this finite arithmetic sequence
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ... , 42 ?
(A) 314 (B) 313 (C) 318 (D) 315
Solution:
( ) 14 ... 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 42 ... 18 15 12 9 6 3 + + + + + + + = + + + + + + +
We can use the formula for the sum of the first
n
natural numbers.
( )
2
1
... 3 2 1
+
= + + + +
n n
n
64 =
n
m
64
4
1
=
|
.
|
\
|
n
3
4 4 =
n
3 = n
UPCAT Page 45
( )
( )
2
15 14
3 14 ... 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 = + + + + + + +

315 =
Answer: D
56. The mean, median and mode for this set of data are all equal:
{ x, 68,30,58,52} . Find x .
(A) 52 (B) 68 (C) 58 (D) 30
Solution:
x
x
=
+ + + +
5
52 58 30 68
x x 5 208 = +
208 4 = x
52 = x
mean = median = mode = 52
Answer: A
UPCAT Page 46
30
30
57. In an old Babylonian tablet (circa 1700 B.C.) there is a problem: A beam of length
30 stands against a wall. The upper end has slipped down a distance 6. How far did
the lower end move? The answer is
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 18 (D) 24
Multiply the Pythagorean triple 3-4-5 by 6
The result is 18-24-30
Answer: C
24
6 30
=

The upper end has slipped
down a distance 6
18
UPCAT Page 47
58. Ang produkto ng dalawang buong numero ay 100,000. Kung ang alinman sa mga numero ay
hindi multiple ng 10, ano ang kanilang suma(sum) ?
(A) 3158 (B) 3157 (C) 3159 (D) 3160
Solution:
5
10 100000 =

( )
5
5 2 =

5 5
5 2 =
3125 32 =
3157 3125 32 = +
Answer: B
59. Solve for x: x +
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
30
19
30
11
30
19
(A) 11/30 (C) 2/5

(B) 1/3 (D) 3/10
Solution:
2 2
30
19
30
11
30
19
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = x
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ =
30
19
30
11
30
19
30
11
30
19
x

( ) 1
30
8
30
19
|
.
|
\
|
+ =

30
11
=
Answer: A
Recall:
( )( ) b a b a b a + =
2 2
UPCAT Page 48
60. A triangle with vertices A(0,0), B(8,0), and C(8,6) is graphed in a coordinate plane. The
triangular region determined by these points is rotated
360 about the x-axis forming a

geometric solid. How many square units are in the total outside area of this geometric solid?
(A) 90 (C) 120
(B) 84 (D) 96
Solution:
Base area is:
2
r A =
The surface area of a cone is therefore given by:
rs r SA + =
2
( ) s r r SA + = where r=radius of the base
h = height
s = length of the side
s can be calculated by using the Pythagorean theorem

2 2
h r s + =
r=6, h=8, 10 8 6
2 2
= + = s
( ) 96 10 6 6 = + = SA Answer: D

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