Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

2011

Project Work 2 For Additional Mathematic 2011

MATHEMATICS IN CAKE BAKING AND CAKE DECORATING

Name: IC No: School: Index No: Form: Teacher:

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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TABLE OF CONTENT
NO. 1. 2. Question Part I Part II ~ Question 1 ~ Question 2 (a) ~ Question 2 (b) ~ Question 2 (c) ~ Question 3 (a) ~ Question 3 (b) ~ Question 3 (c) Part III Further Explotion Reflection Page

3. 4. 6.

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to say thanks for giving me the chance for doing this project work.

I would like to thank my Additional Mathematics teacher, Madam Teoh Hai Cheu for guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this project, but she taught us patiently until we knew what to do. She tried very hard to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work.

Not forgotten my parents for providing everything, such as money to buy anything that are related to this project work and their advise, which is the most needed for this project. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this project so that I will not procrastinate in doing it.

Last but not least, I would like to thank my friends who where doing this project together with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful and cooperative when we teamed up and discussed our ideas together. So we could complete this project work in the time given.

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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OBJECTIVE
The aims of carrying out this project work : to apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems to improve thinking skills to promote effective mathematical communication to develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving in a way that increases students interest and confidence to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely to provide learning environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning to develop positive attitude towards mathematics

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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[ PART I ]
INTRODUCTION
Cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are among favourite desserts served during special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya, weddings and others. Cakes are treasured not only because of their wonderful taste but also in the art of cake baking and cake decorating Baking a cake offers a tasty way to practice mathematics skills, such as fractions and ratios, in a real-world context. Many steps of baking a cake, such as counting ingredients and setting the oven timer, provide basic mathematics practice for young children. Older children and teenagers can use more sophisticated mathematic to solve baking dilemmas, such as how to make a cake recipe larger or smaller or how to determine what size slices you should cut. Practicing mathematics while baking not only improves your mathematics skills, it helps you become a more flexible and resourceful baker.

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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MATHEMATICS IN CAKE BAKING AND CAKE DECORATING GEOMETRY

To determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing and decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs, to estimate volume of cake to be produced. When making a batch of cake batter, you end up with a certain volume, determined by the recipe. The baker must then choose the appropriate size and shape of pan to achieve the desired result. If the pan is too big, the cake becomes too short. If the pan is too small, the cake becomes too tall.This leads into the next situation.The ratio of the surface area to the volume determines how much crust a baked good will have.The more surface area there is, compared to the volume, the faster the item will bake, and the less "inside" there will be. For a very large, thick item, it will take a long time for the heat to penetrate to the center. To avoid having a rock-hard outside in this case, the baker will have to lower the temperature a little bit and bake for a longer time.We mix ingredients in round bowls because cubes would have corners where unmixed ingredients would accumulate, and we would have a hard time scraping them into the batter
CALCULUS (DIFFERENTIATION)

To determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cake-baking, to estimate min. or max. amount of cream needed for decorating, to estimate min. or max. size of cake produced.
PROGRESSION

To determine total weight/volume of multi-storey cakes with proportional dimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking, to estimate total amount of cream for decoration.For example when we make a cake with many layers, we must fix the difference of diameter of the two layers. So we can say that it used arithmetic progression. When the diameter of the first layer of the cake is 8 and the diameter of second layer of the cake is 6, then the diameter of the third layer should be 4.In this case, we use arithmetic progression where the difference of the diameter is constant that is2. When the diameter decreases, the weight also decreases. That is the way how the cake is balance to prevent it from smooch. We can also use ratio, because when we prepare the ingredient for each layer of the cake, we need to decrease its ratio from lower layer to upper layer. When we cut the cake, we can use fraction to devide the cake according to the total people that will eat the cake.

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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Part II
Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shown in Diagram 1 for the Teachers Day celebration.

1)If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 38000cm3, and the height of the cake is to be 7.0 cm,calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school . [Use = 3.142] Answer: Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800 x 5 = (3.142)( ) x 7 (3.142) = ( ) 863.872 = ( ) = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm

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2)The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length,60.0 cm width and 45.0 cm in height. (a) If the volume of the cake remains the same, explore by using different values of heights,h cm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used,d cm. Tabulate your answer. Answer: Dimension of oven height=45cm width= 60cm length= 80cm

First, from the formulator d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake,V=19000,that is 19000 = (3.142)( )h =

= d d=

Height,h(cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Diameter,d(cm) 155.53 109.98 89.79 77.76 69.55 63.49 58.78 54.99

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9.0 10.0

51.84 49.18

Table 1 (b) Based on the values in your table, (i) State the range of heights that is NOT suitable for the cake and explain your answer. Answer: h < 7cm is NOT suitable, because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive. (ii) Suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your answer. Answer: The most suitable dimensions (h and d) for the cake is h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling (c)(i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between h and d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you have formed. Answer: 19000 = (3.142)( )h

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= = d

d= d= log d = log d =  log h + log 155.53 Table of log d = Log h Log d 0 2.19 1 1.69 log h + log 155.53 2 1.19 3 0.69 4 0.19

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Graph of log d against log h

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(C)(ii) (a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake cake where the height of the cake is 10.5cm, use your graph to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required. Answer: h when d=10.5cm h=10.5cm, log h=1.021, log d= 1.680, d= 47.86

(b) If Best Bakery used a 42cm diameter round cake tray, use your graph to estimate the height of the cake obtained. Answer: d= 42cm , log d= 1.623, log h= 1.140, h=13.80cm

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3) Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about 1 cm. (a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii) Answer:

D=56.99

h=9cm

H=9 cm, D= 56.99 cm Volume of cream used = volume of cake with cream volume of actual cake = H-

h
x 9 3.142 x x8

= 3.142

= 22960.75 19002.19 =3958.56

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3(b) Suggest three other shapes for cake, that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes. Answer:

1 Rectangle-shaped base

height width length

19000 = base area x height base area = Let height= 8cm, Base area = = 2375

By trial and improvement, 50 x 47.5=2375=base area =

lxw

length=50,width=47.5,height=8

Therefore, volume of cream =VC+CR VC =LWH lwh = (52)(49.5)(9) (50)(47.5)(8) = 23.166- 19000 = 4166

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2- Regular hexagon-shaped base

Width

Base x height = volume

Base area x 8cm = 3800 x 5

6( x l x w) x 8 =19000 xlxw=



x l x w = 395.833 Let w = 25

l x w = 791.67 l=
Length =31.667cm, width=25cm,height=8cm Amount of cream used = volume of cake and cream volume of cake

= 6 [ x 26 x 33.667 ] x 9 6( = 23,634.234 - 19000 = 4634.234

x 25 x 31.667 ) x 8

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3- Pentagon-Shaped Base

width 19000 = base area x height Let height = 8cm, base area = = 2375cm

Base area= 2375= area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon Therefore: 2375 = 5( 

w)

950 = length x width By trial and improvement, 950 = 50 x 19 (length=50cm , width = 19cm, height= 8cm) Therefore, amount of cream used = VC+CR VCAKE =5(     ) x 9 - 5(    )x 8

=23400 19000 =4400

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(c) Based on the values you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used?

No (i) (ii) (iii) (iiii)

Shape Rectangular shaped base Regular hexagon-shaped base Pentagon shaped base Round-shaped base

Amount Of Cream Used ) 4166.00 5543.24 4400.00 3958.56

Answer: Round-shaped base requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used.

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Part III
Find the dimension of a 5kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream to decorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus. State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for your answers. Answer: Conjunction The best dimensions of the cylindrical cake is that the base dimeter is twice the height as the surface area is the least.

R = r +1

H = h+1

V= 19000 = h=


M -

Vcream used =

= = = =
Subst MintoN ,V

N = (2r+1)+
+

V= [
V=

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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Method 1: Calculus(Differentiation) V= =38000 = - + +2 =0 + +

For max/min value, 2 (r + 1) = 2 (r + 1) = 2 2 2 2  r = -1 (rejected) OR    = -2 

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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When r = 18.22cm , d = 18.22

= 36.44cm

= 18.22cm

When r = 18.22 , Vmin

>0

Thus, Vmin when d = 36.44cm h = 18.22cm

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Method 2: Table

r 15 16 17 18 19 20

V is the minimum when r is between 18 and 19

r 18.1 18.2 18.3

V is minimum when r is between 18.2 and 18.3

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r 18.21 18.22 18.23

From table,V is minimum when r = 18.22

d=18.22 x 2=36.44cm

h= = 18.22 cm Answer: h = 18.22 cm, d=36.44cm when V is minimum

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Method 3: Graph

V=

V
3440 3420 3400 3380 3360 3340 3320 3300 15 16 17 18 19 20 V

From graph, V is minimum when r = 18.22, d = 2(18.22) = 36.44 h =

= 18.22

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FURTHER EXPLORATION
Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown Diagram 2.

The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. the radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is 10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on. (a)Find the volume of the first, second, third and the fourth cake. By comparing all these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes from a number pattern? Explain and elaborate on the number patterns. Answer: Height, h of each cake= 6cm Radius of largest cake= 31cm Radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake = 27.9cm Radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake = 25.11cm 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599, a = 31, r = V = (3.142) h

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

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Radius of 1st cake=31cm, volume of 1st cake, =18116.772

= (3.142)

(6)

Radius of 2nd cake=27.90cm, volume of 2nd cake , = 14674.585 Radius of 3rd cake=25.11cm, volume of 3rd cake , =11886.414 Radius of 4th cake=22.599cm, volume of 4th cake = 9627.995

=(3.142)

(6)

=(3.142) = (3.142)

(6) (6)

The volumes form a number pattern: 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, (it is a geometric progression with first term a=18116.772 and common ratio, r = = = = 0.81)

(b) If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15kg, calculate the maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods.

Answer: = = 15kg=15 57000 = 1- = 0.59779 38000 = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81

0.40221 =  0.40221 = n

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n= n = 4.322 Therefore, nmax = 4

Verifying the answer: Use =

When n = 5 = = 62104.443 > 57000 ( > 57000, n=5 is not suitable)

When n=4 = = 54305.767 < 57000 ( < 57000, n = 4 is suitable)

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Reflection
While you were conducting the project, what have you learnt? What moral values did you practice? Represent your opinions or feelings creatively through usage of symbols,illustrations,drawing or even in a song.
By doing this project, I had learnt how to draw a graph and construct tables by using Microsoft Word. I had learnt how to applied my mathematical knowledge into practice like using differentiation and progression to calculate the volume of cream used. I also learned to search for more information from the internet. From this project, I had learnt some moral values. I learned that team work is important. Further more, I also learned to be patient always when I meet with difficult problems, be helpful to my friends and have good management of time. Besides I learned to be more confident than before. Actually I used to hate Additional Mathematics before because it always makes me wonder why this subject is so difficult. But now,when I learned that we can applied the mathematical knowledge on our daily activities such as making a cake. It is so useful that and I start to love it much after conducting this project.

Team work is important Be patient Good management of time Be helpful Be a hardworking person